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Pandey AR, Singh SP, Joshi P, Srivastav KS, Srivastava S, Yadav K, Chandra R, Bisen AC, Agrawal S, Sanap SN, Bhatta RS, Tripathi R, Barthwal MK, Sashidhara KV. Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel pyrrole-hydroxybutenolide hybrids as promising antiplasmodial and anti-inflammatory agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 254:115340. [PMID: 37054559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
In the pursuance of novel scaffolds with promising antiplasmodial and anti-inflammatory activity, a series of twenty-one compounds embraced with most promising penta-substituted pyrrole and biodynamic hydroxybutenolide in single skeleton was designed and synthesized. These pyrrole-hydroxybutenolide hybrids were evaluated against Plasmodium falciparum parasite. Four hybrids 5b, 5d, 5t and 5u exhibited good activity with IC50 of 0.60, 0.88, 0.97 and 0.96 μM for chloroquine sensitive (Pf3D7) strain and 3.92, 4.31, 4.21 and 1.67 μM for chloroquine resistant (PfK1) strain, respectively. In vivo efficacy of 5b, 5d, 5t and 5u was studied against the P. yoelii nigeriensis N67 (a chloroquine-resistant) parasite in Swiss mice at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 4 days via oral route. 5u was found to show maximum 100% parasite inhibition with considerably increased mean survival time. Simultaneously, the series of compounds was screened for anti-inflammatory potential. In preliminary assays, nine compounds showed more than 85% inhibition in hu-TNFα cytokine levels in LPS stimulated THP-1 monocytes and seven compounds showed more than 40% decrease in fold induction in reporter gene activity analyzed via Luciferase assay. 5p and 5t were found to be most promising amongst the series, thus were taken up for further in vivo studies. Wherein, mice pre-treated with them showed a dose dependent inhibition in carrageenan induced paw swelling. Moreover, the results of in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that the synthesized pyrrole-hydroxybutenolide conjugates abide by the required criteria for the development of orally active drug and thus this scaffold can be used as pharmacologically active framework that should be considered for the development of potential antiplasmodial and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Raj Pandey
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Suriya Pratap Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Prince Joshi
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Kunwar Satyadeep Srivastav
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Smriti Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Kanchan Yadav
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Sristi Agrawal
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Sachin Nashik Sanap
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Renu Tripathi
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Barthwal
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Koneni V Sashidhara
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility & Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, U.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India.
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Chen YC, Chen CI, Chang CY, Huang BM, Chen YC. Clerodane diterpene induces apoptosis/anoikis and suppresses migration and invasion of human bladder cancer cells through the histone deacetylases, integrin–focal adhesion kinase, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 signalling pathways. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221143040. [DOI: 10.1177/09603271221143040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clerodane diterpene, a class of bicyclic diterpenoids, is found in hundreds of plant species. 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (CD) can be isolated from the plant Polyalthia longifolia and has been applied against oral cancer and glioma by xenograft model. In this study, we aim to explore its antitumour action by examining its histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and integrin-associated intracellular signalling pathway on T24 human bladder cancer (BC) cells. Our results revealed that CD-inhibited colony formation, HDAC activity, HDAC (1, 2 and 3) mRNA and cell spreading on fibronectin-coated surfaces in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, decreased cFLIP and increased caspase-8 cleavage accompanied CD-induced cell death. At non-toxic concentrations, CD blocked the migration and invasion of T24 cells. CD hindered migration and invasion by the downregulation of fibronectin, integrin α5 β1, β-catenin, FAK, vinculin and Rho A, as well as by reduction of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (pGSK3 β), pSrc, pstat3 and pNF κB. We observed that the MMP9 gene was closely linked with prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. MMP9 protein levels and activity were largely attenuated by CD in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, CD-induced caspase-8-dependent apoptosis and suppressed migration and invasion by blocking several intracellular signalling pathways, including downregulation of HDAC activity and integrin–FAK and MMP9 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-I Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chia Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chen YC, Chia YC, Huang BM. Phytochemicals from Polyalthia Species: Potential and Implication on Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Cancer, and Chemoprevention Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175369. [PMID: 34500802 PMCID: PMC8433920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyalthia belong to the Annonaceae family and are a type of evergreen tree distributed across many tropical and subtropical regions. Polyalthia species have been used long term as indigenous medicine to treat certain diseases, including fever, diabetes, infection, digestive disease, etc. Recent studies have demonstrated that not only crude extracts but also the isolated pure compounds exhibit various pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-tumor, anti-cancer, etc. It is known that the initiation of cancer usually takes several years and is related to unhealthy lifestyle, as well as dietary and environmental factors, such as stress, toxins and smoking. In fact, natural or synthetic substances have been used as cancer chemoprevention to delay, impede, or even stop cancer growing. This review is an attempt to collect current available phytochemicals from Polyalthia species, which exhibit anti-cancer potentials for chemoprevention purposes, providing directions for further research on the interesting agents and possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chia Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, TaJen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan;
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-06-2353535 (ext. 5337); Fax: +886-06-2093007
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Gorabi AM, Kiaie N, Pirro M, Bianconi V, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Effects of statins on the biological features of mesenchymal stem cells and therapeutic implications. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 26:1259-1272. [PMID: 32008148 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-09929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Statins are well-known lipid-lowering drugs. The pleiotropic effects of statins have brought about some beneficial effects on improving the therapeutic outcomes of cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches. In this review, the impact of statins on mesenchymal stem cell behaviors including differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, as well as molecular pathways which are responsible for such phenomena, are discussed. A better understanding of pathways and mechanisms of statin-mediated effects on mesenchymal stem cells will pave the way for the expansion of statin applications. Furthermore, since designing a suitable carrier for statins is required to maintain a sufficient dose of active statins at the desired site of the body, different systems for local delivery of statins are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Kiaie
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran. .,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Islam MT, Ali ES, Mubarak MS. Anti-obesity effect of plant diterpenes and their derivatives: A review. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1216-1225. [PMID: 31977122 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat is accumulated by a combination of excessive food intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility. Obesity increases the risk of various diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and depression. This review focuses on most recent reports pertaining to the antiobesity activity of plant-derived diterpenes in different databases. For this, a search (until August 2019) was conducted in the PubMed and Science Direct databases with the following keywords: "plant diterpenes" or "plant diterpenoids" paired with "obesity" or "antiobesity effects." Overall, 729 references that used the aforementioned keywords were selected, among which 34 articles have been included in this review. Results from this search suggest that a number of diterpenes and their derivatives have been found to exert antiobesity effects through various mechanisms, such as overweight reduction or modification of body mass index, protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibition, lipase activity inhibition, antiadipogenesis effect, among others. Carnosic acid, carnosol and the derivatives of abietic acid, steviol, and andrographolide are examples of important antiobesity diterpenes and their derivatives. Of note, plant-derived diterpenes may be potential candidates for managing obesity and obesity-related diseases and disorders in human and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Eunus S Ali
- Gaco Pharmaceuticals and Research Laboratory, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Simvastatin improves olanzapine-induced dyslipidemia in rats through inhibiting hepatic mTOR signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1049-1057. [PMID: 30728467 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Second-generation antipsychotic drug (SGA)-induced metabolic abnormalities, such as dyslipidemia, are a major clinical problem for antipsychotic therapy. Accumulated evidences have shown the efficacy of statins in reducing SGA-induced dyslipidemia, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we explored whether mTOR signaling was involved in olanzapine (OLZ)-induced dyslipidemia as well as the lipid-lowering effects of cotreatment of simvastatin (Sim) in rats. Model rats received OLZ (1.0 mg/kg, t.i.d.) for 7 weeks; from the third week a group of model rats were cotreatment of Sim (3.0 mg/kg, t.i.d.) for 5 weeks. We found that OLZ treatment significantly increased the plasma triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels, and promoted lipid accumulation in the liver, whereas cotreatment of Sim reversed OLZ-induced dyslipidemia. Hepatic mTORC1 and p-mTORC1 expression was accelerated in the OLZ treatment group, with upregulation of mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) and its target genes, whereas these alterations were ameliorated by Sim cotreatment. In HepG2 cells, rapamycin (a mTOR inhibitor) significantly reduced the OLZ-stimulated hepatocellular lipid contents and weakened the ability of Sim to lower lipids via a mechanism associated with the upregulation of SREBP1c-mediated de novo lipogenesis. Our data suggest that OLZ induces lipid accumulation in both plasma and liver, and Sim ameliorates OLZ-induced lipid metabolic dysfunction through its effects on mTOR signaling via reducing SREBP1c activation and the downregulation of gene expression involved in lipogenesis. These data provide a new insight into the prevention of metabolic side effects induced by antipsychotic drugs.
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Shankar K, Kumar D, Gupta S, Varshney S, Rajan S, Srivastava A, Gupta A, Gupta AP, Vishwakarma AL, Gayen JR, Gaikwad AN. Role of brown adipose tissue in modulating adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in high-fat diet fed mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:354-364. [PMID: 30822393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity results in the chronic activation of innate immune system and subsequently sets in diabetes. Aim of the study was to investigate the immunometabolic role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the obesity. We performed both BAT transplantation as well as extirpation experiments in the mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We carried out immune cell profiling in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) isolated from epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). BAT transplantation reversed HFD-induced increase in body weight gain and insulin resistance without altering diet intake. Importantly, BAT transplantation attenuated the obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation in terms of decreased pro-inflammatory M1-macrophages, cytotoxic CD8a T-cells and restored anti-inflammatory regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in the eWAT. BAT transplantation also improved endogenous BAT activity by elevating protein expression of browning markers (UCP-1, PRDM16 and PGC1α) in it. In addition, BAT transplantation promoted the eWAT expression of various genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (such as Elvol3 and Tfam,). In contrast, extirpation of the interscapular BAT exacerbated HFD-induced obesity, insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation (by increasing M1 macrophages, CD8a T-cell and decreasing Tregs in eWAT). Taken together, our results suggested an important role of BAT in combating obesity-associated metabolic complications. These results open a novel therapeutic option to target obesity and related metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kripa Shankar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sanchita Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Salil Varshney
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sujith Rajan
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anand Prakash Gupta
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Achchhe Lal Vishwakarma
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anil Nilkanth Gaikwad
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Kumar D, Shankar K, Patel S, Gupta A, Varshney S, Gupta S, Rajan S, Srivastava A, Vishwakarma AL, Gaikwad AN. Chronic hyperinsulinemia promotes meta-inflammation and extracellular matrix deposition in adipose tissue: Implications of nitric oxide. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 477:15-28. [PMID: 29753026 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Various imperative studies support the notion that hyperinsulinemia (HI) itself serves as the common link between adipose tissue inflammation (ATI) and metabolic syndrome. However, the contribution of HI mediated ATI and its metabolic consequences are yet to be explored. We induced chronic HI per se in mice by administration of exogenous insulin for 8 weeks through mini-osmotic pumps. For the reduction of circulating insulin in response to excess calorie intake, we have partially ablated β-cells by using streptozotocin (STZ) in the diet-induced obesity (DIO) and genetic mice models (db/db). Flow cytometry analysis was performed for the quantification of immune cells in stromal vascular fraction (SVF) isolated from epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). Our studies demonstrated that chronic HI augmented ATI in terms of elevated pro-inflammatory cells (M1 macrophages and NK-cells) and suppressed anti-inflammatory cells (M2 macrophages, eosinophils and regulatory T-cells). These results were correlated with altered obesity-associated metabolic phenotype. Partial reduction of circulating insulin level attenuated excess calorie-induced ATI and improved insulin sensitivity. Mechanistically, an imbalance in M1 and M2 macrophage proportions in eWAT promoted iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase): arginase-1 imbalance that resulted into extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and insulin resistance (IR) development. However, iNOS-/- mice were protected from HI-induced M1:M2 macrophage imbalance, ECM deposition and IR in adipose tissue. Overall, we conclude that chronic HI per se contributed in ATI and iNOS corroborated ECM deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India
| | - Kripa Shankar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Saraswati Patel
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Salil Varshney
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India
| | - Sanchita Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India
| | - Sujith Rajan
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India
| | - Achchhe Lal Vishwakarma
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anil N Gaikwad
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India.
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Li CC, Yen CC, Fan CT, Chuang WT, Huang CS, Chen HW, Lii CK. 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide suppresses adipogenesis of 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes by inhibiting CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β activation and AMPK-mediated mitotic clonal expansion. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 359:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Chen YC, Huang BM, Lee WC, Chen YC. 16-Hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide induces anoikis in human renal cell carcinoma cells: involvement of focal adhesion disassembly and signaling. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7679-7690. [PMID: 30464516 PMCID: PMC6217210 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s173378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clerodane diterpene, 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (CD) isolated from Polyalthia longifolia Benth. & Hook. f. var. pendula was found to be a potential apoptotic inducer in human leukemia, lung cancer, and colon cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanism remains elusive in renal system. Thus, in the present study, the regulatory mechanisms of CD-induced apoptosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells were investigated. Materials and methods Cell proliferation was evaluated by colony formation assay and cell cycle analyses. Protein expressions of focal adhesion (FA) related complexes were examined by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analyses. Cell migration and invasion capabilities of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells were determined by wound healing and Transwell assays. Results CD inhibited cell colony formations, induced cell arrest at G2/M phase, and increased subG1 cell population both in 786-O and A-498. During CD treatment, the “rounded-up” cells were observed. The immune-staining of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (pFAK), vinculin, and paxillin displayed disassembly of the FA. Moreover, disruption of actin stress fibers was noted after CD treatment. Consistent with the findings, the expressions of pSrc, pFAK, FAK, vinculin, vimentin, and paxillin were all downregulated by CD. In addition, CD attenuated cell migration and invasion activities accompanied by the reductions of pNF-κB, matrix metallo-proteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 as well as vascular endothelial growth factor expressions. Conclusion CD induced cell cycle arrest, FA complex disassembly, and the inactivation of migratory-related signaling pathways to induce apoptosis in ccRCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chen
- Department of Urology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chang Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,
| | - Yung-Chia Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, .,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,
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Rajan S, Satish S, Shankar K, Pandeti S, Varshney S, Srivastava A, Kumar D, Gupta A, Gupta S, Choudhary R, Balaramnavar VM, Narender T, Gaikwad AN. Aegeline inspired synthesis of novel β3-AR agonist improves insulin sensitivity in vitro and in vivo models of insulin resistance. Metabolism 2018. [PMID: 29524448 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In our drug discovery program of natural product, earlier we have reported Aegeline that is N-acylated-1-amino-2- alcohol, which was isolated from the leaves of Aeglemarmelos showed anti-hyperlipidemic activity for which the QSAR studies predicted the compound to be the β3-AR agonist, but the mechanism of its action was not elucidated. In our present study, we have evaluated the β3-AR activity of novel N-acyl-1-amino-3-arylopropanol synthetic mimics of aegeline and its beneficial effect in insulin resistance. In this study, we have proposed the novel pharmacophore model using reported molecules for antihyperlipidemic activity. The reported pharmacophore features were also compared with the newly developed pharmacophore model for the observed biological activity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Based on 3D pharmacophore modeling of known β3AR agonist, we screened 20 synthetic derivatives of Aegeline from the literature. From these, the top scoring compound 10C was used for further studies. The in-slico result was further validated in HEK293T cells co-trransfected with human β3-AR and CRE-Luciferase reporter plasmid for β3-AR activity.The most active compound was selected and β3-AR activity was further validated in white and brown adipocytes differentiated from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Insulin resistance model developed in hMSC derived adipocytes was used to study the insulin sensitizing property. 8 week HFD fed C57BL6 mice was given 50 mg/Kg of the selected compound and metabolic phenotyping was done to evaluate its anti-diabetic effect. RESULTS As predicted by in-silico 3D pharmacophore modeling, the compound 10C was found to be the most active and specific β3-AR agonist with EC50 value of 447 nM. The compound 10C activated β3AR pathway, induced lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation and increased oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in human adipocytes. Compound 10C induced expression of brown adipocytes specific markers and reverted chronic insulin induced insulin resistance in white adipocytes. The compound 10C also improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in 8 week HFD fed C57BL6 mice. CONCLUSION This study enlightens the use of in vitro insulin resistance model close to human physiology to elucidates the insulin sensitizing activity of the compound 10C and edifies the use of β3AR agonist as therapeutic interventions for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujith Rajan
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India
| | - Sabbu Satish
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kripa Shankar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sukanya Pandeti
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Salil Varshney
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sanchita Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India
| | - Rakhi Choudhary
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jaspur Road, Kashipur, Uttatarkhand 244713, India
| | - Vishal M Balaramnavar
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jaspur Road, Kashipur, Uttatarkhand 244713, India
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India; Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anil N Gaikwad
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India.
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13
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Balan D, Chan KL, Murugan D, AbuBakar S, Wong PF. Antiadipogenic effects of a standardized quassinoids-enriched fraction and eurycomanone fromEurycoma longifolia. Phytother Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Balan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Kit-Lam Chan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Science Malaysia; 11800 Penang Malaysia
| | - D. Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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14
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Chronic hyperinsulinemia induced miR-27b is linked to adipocyte insulin resistance by targeting insulin receptor. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:315-331. [PMID: 29455245 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1623-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Defect in insulin signaling leads to the development of insulin resistance followed by type 2 diabetes. Exploiting our previously developed physiological chronic hyperinsulinemia (CI)-mediated insulin resistance (IR) model, we wanted to understand how miRNAs contribute to the development of IR. Amongst the identified and validate miRNAs, the expression of miR-27b was found to be highly upregulated during CI-induced IR in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We also validated the expression of miR-27b in CI-induced IR in human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC)-derived adipocytes and in vivo high fat diet (HFD)-induced IR mice model. Bioinformatics target prediction softwares and luciferase reporter assay identified insulin receptor (INSR) as one of a prime target of miR-27b. Lentiviral mediated overexpression of miR-27b impairs insulin signaling by modulating INSR expression that in turn led to decreased glucose uptake in both 3T3-L1 and hMSC-derived adipocytes. Conversely, inhibition of miR-27b reversed CI-mediated suppression of target protein INSR and improved phosphorylation of Akt, a nodal protein of insulin signaling that is impaired by CI treatment. Lentiviral mediated overexpression of miR-27b in in vivo C57BL/6 mice impaired whole body glucose tolerance and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-27b in HFD-induced insulin resistance mice model improved glucose tolerance and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity by increasing the expression of its target gene INSR in eWAT. Thus, our results indicate that miR-27b functions as a prime modulator of CI-induced IR via regulating the expression of INSR. KEY MESSAGES: miR-27b is upregulated in different in vitro and in vivo models of insulin resistance. miR-27b directly suppresses the expression of INSR by targeting 3'UTR of INSR. Modulation of miR-27b expression regulates insulin sensitivity by targeting INSR.
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15
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Satish S, Srivastava A, Yadav P, Varshney S, Choudhary R, Balaramnavar VM, Narender T, Gaikwad AN. Aegeline inspired synthesis of novel amino alcohol and thiazolidinedione hybrids with antiadipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:780-791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Dias S, Paredes S, Ribeiro L. Drugs Involved in Dyslipidemia and Obesity Treatment: Focus on Adipose Tissue. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:2637418. [PMID: 29593789 PMCID: PMC5822899 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2637418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome can be defined as a state of disturbed metabolic homeostasis characterized by visceral obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, and insulin resistance. The growing prevalence of metabolic syndrome will certainly contribute to the burden of cardiovascular disease. Obesity and dyslipidemia are main features of metabolic syndrome, and both can present with adipose tissue dysfunction, involved in the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this syndrome. We revised the effects, and underlying mechanisms, of the current approved drugs for dyslipidemia and obesity (fibrates, statins, niacin, resins, ezetimibe, and orlistat; sibutramine; and diethylpropion, phentermine/topiramate, bupropion and naltrexone, and liraglutide) on adipose tissue. Specifically, we explored how these drugs can modulate the complex pathways involved in metabolism, inflammation, atherogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and adipogenesis. The clinical outcomes of adipose tissue modulation by these drugs, as well as differences of major importance for clinical practice between drugs of the same class, were identified. Whether solutions to these issues will be found in further adjustments and combinations between drugs already in use or necessarily in new advances in pharmacology is not known. To better understand the effect of drugs used in dyslipidemia and obesity on adipose tissue not only is challenging for physicians but could also be the next step to tackle cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Dias
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Paredes
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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17
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Novel indole and triazole based hybrid molecules exhibit potent anti-adipogenic and antidyslipidemic activity by activating Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:1345-1360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Bautista E, Ortiz-Pastrana N, Pastor-Palacios G, Montoya-Contreras A, Toscano RA, Morales-Jiménez J, Salazar-Olivo LA, Ortega A. neo-Clerodane Diterpenoids from Salvia polystachya Stimulate the Expression of Extracellular Matrix Components in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:3003-3009. [PMID: 29135252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Eleven neo-clerodane diterpenoids (1-11) including the new analogues 1, 2, and 10, and 3',5,6,7-tetrahydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone (12) were isolated from the aerial parts of Salvia polystachya. Polystachyne G (1) and 15-epi-polystachyne G (2) were isolated as an epimeric mixture, containing a 5-hydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one unit in the side chain at C-12 of the neo-clerodane framework. Polystachyne H (10) contains a 1(10),2-diene moiety and a tertiary C-4 hydroxy group. The structures of these compounds were established by analysis of their NMR spectroscopic and MS spectrometric data. The absolute configurations of compounds 3, 4, and 10 were determined through single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The antibacterial, antifungal, and phytotoxic activities of the diterpenoids were determined. In addition, the stimulatory effect of the expression of extracellular matrix components of nine of the isolates (1-8 and 11) was assayed. Compounds 1-4, 8, and 11 increased the expression of the genes codifying for type I, type III, and type V collagens and for elastin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naytzé Ortiz-Pastrana
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria , Coyoacán 04510, México City, México
| | | | | | - Rubén A Toscano
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria , Coyoacán 04510, México City, México
| | | | | | - Alfredo Ortega
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria , Coyoacán 04510, México City, México
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19
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Lipid lowering agents of natural origin: An account of some promising chemotypes. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:331-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Beg M, Srivastava A, Shankar K, Varshney S, Rajan S, Gupta A, Kumar D, Gaikwad AN. PPP2R5B, a regulatory subunit of PP2A, contributes to adipocyte insulin resistance. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 437:97-107. [PMID: 27521959 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is associated with deregulation of insulin signaling owing to the chronic exposure of insulin (hyperinsulinemia) to the tissues. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events in insulin signaling pathway play an essential role in signal transduction and glucose uptake. Amongst all, Akt protein is considered to be central to the overall insulin signaling proteins. In glucose responsive tissues like adipose and muscles, activation of Akt is responsible for triggering GLUT4 translocation and glucose transport. Several phosphatases such as PTEN, PP2A have been reported to be involved in dephosphorylation and inactivation of Akt protein. We have identified increased PP2A activity during state of chronic hyperinsulinemia exposure along-with development of adipocyte insulin resistance. This increased phosphatase activity leads activation of cAMP/PKA axis, which in turn increased cAMP levels in insulin resistant (IR) adipocytes. Okadaic acid, an inhibitor of PP2A restored and increased insulin stimulated glucose uptake in insulin resistant (IR) and insulin sensitive (IS) adipocytes respectively. In IS adipocyte, chemical activation of PP2A through MG132 and FTY720 showed decreased insulin sensitivity corroborated with decreased Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake. We also observed an increased expression of PP2A-B (regulatory) subunit in IR adipocytes. We found PPP2R5B, a regulatory subunit of PP2A is responsible for the dephosphorylation and inactivation of Akt protein. Increased expression of PPP2R5B was also confirmed in white adipose tissue of high fat diet induced IR mice model. Overexpression and suppression strategies confirmed the role of PPP2R5B in regulating insulin signaling. Thus, we conclude that PPP2R5B, a B subunit of PP2A is a negative regulator of Akt phosphorylation contributing partly to the chronic hyperinsulinemia induced insulin resistance in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muheeb Beg
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India
| | - Kripa Shankar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Salil Varshney
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sujith Rajan
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India
| | - Anil N Gaikwad
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India.
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21
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Huang YH, Jung DW, Lee OH, Kang IJ. Fermented Platycodon grandiflorum Extract Inhibits Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Med Food 2016; 19:1004-1014. [PMID: 27792464 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether fermented Platycodon grandiflorum (FPG) inhibits lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We evaluated the effect of FPG on antiadipogenic activity via regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), as well as protein expression of their target genes, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). We further examined the antiobesity effects of FPG on HFD-induced obesity in mice. The FPG was orally administered to mice with a HFD at 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. Our results show that FPG significantly inhibited fat accumulation during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis through downregulating adipogenic transcript factors. Moreover, FPG markedly reduced the final body weight with a decrease in epididymal adipose tissue mass and adipocyte size compared with the untreated HFD-induced group. The effects of FPG on HFD-induced obesity were primarily responsible for inhibiting adipogenesis in adipose tissue and regulating lipid metabolism, such as through lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. Additionally, FPG ameliorated serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Hence, FPG may be an alternative treatment for controlling obesity through downregulating lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hua Huang
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- 2 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Il-Jun Kang
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea
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22
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Li G, Ding W, Wan F, Li Y. Two New Clerodane Diterpenes from Tinospora sagittata. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091250. [PMID: 27657021 PMCID: PMC6274121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new clerodane-type diterpenes, tinosporins C (1) and tinosporins D (2) were isolated from the stems of Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.), together with three known ones, columbin (3), tinophylloloside (4), and tinospinoside D (5). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation, with that of the absolute configuration of compound 1 was assigned by experimental and calculated ECD spectra. The cytotoxicity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of isolated compounds were evaluated in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Wenbing Ding
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Fanghao Wan
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Youzhi Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China.
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23
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Rajan S, Shankar K, Beg M, Varshney S, Gupta A, Srivastava A, Kumar D, Mishra RK, Hussain Z, Gayen JR, Gaikwad AN. Chronic hyperinsulinemia reduces insulin sensitivity and metabolic functions of brown adipocyte. J Endocrinol 2016; 230:275-90. [PMID: 27340034 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The growing pandemics of diabetes have become a real threat to world economy. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are closely associated with the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. In pretext of brown adipocytes being considered as the therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity and insulin resistance, we have tried to understand the effect of hyperinsulinemia on brown adipocyte function. We here with for the first time report that hyperinsulinemia-induced insulin resistance in brown adipocyte is also accompanied with reduced insulin sensitivity and brown adipocyte characteristics. CI treatment decreased expression of brown adipocyte-specific markers (such as PRDM16, PGC1α, and UCP1) and mitochondrial content as well as activity. CI-treated brown adipocytes showed drastic decrease in oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and spare respiratory capacity. Morphological study indicates increased accumulation of lipid droplets in CI-treated brown adipocytes. We have further validated these findings in vivo in C57BL/6 mice implanted with mini-osmotic insulin pump for 8weeks. CI treatment in mice leads to increased body weight gain, fat mass and impaired glucose intolerance with reduced energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity. CI-treated mice showed decreased BAT characteristics and function. We also observed increased inflammation and ER stress markers in BAT of CI-treated animals. The above results conclude that hyperinsulinemia has deleterious effect on brown adipocyte function, making it susceptible to insulin resistance. Thus, the above findings have greater implication in designing approaches for the treatment of insulin resistance and diabetes via recruitment of brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujith Rajan
- Division of PharmacologyCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kripa Shankar
- Division of PharmacologyCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muheeb Beg
- Division of PharmacologyCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Salil Varshney
- Division of PharmacologyCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Division of PharmacologyCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Division of PharmacologyCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar
- Division of PharmacologyCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raj K Mishra
- SIPS Superspeciality HospitalLucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zakir Hussain
- Division of PharmacokineticsCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Division of PharmacokineticsCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil N Gaikwad
- Division of PharmacologyCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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24
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Islam MT, da Mata AMOF, de Aguiar RPS, Paz MFCJ, de Alencar MVOB, Ferreira PMP, de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante AA. Therapeutic Potential of Essential Oils Focusing on Diterpenes. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1420-44. [PMID: 27307034 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Among all plant derivates, essential oils (EOs) have gained the attention of many scientists. Diterpenes, a family of components present in some EO, are becoming a milestone in the EOs world. The goal of this review is to describe a scenario of diterpenes taking into health-consumption deportment. Previous studies revealed that diterpenes have antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiprotozoal, cytotoxic, anticancer, antigenotoxic, antimutagenic, chemopreventive, antiinflammatory, antinociceptive, immunostimulatory, organoprotective, antidiabetic, lipid-lowering, antiallergic, antiplatelet, antithrombotic, and antitoxin activities. In conclusion, diterpenes may be an immense featuring concern in pharmaceutical consumption from a drug discovery point of view. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Torequl Islam
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, 22-Shahid Mirza Lane (E), Academic Building-II, 1st floor, 739/A, Mehedibag Road, Mehedibag-4000, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | - Raí Pablo Sousa de Aguiar
- Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Marcia Fernanda Correia Jardim Paz
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Oliveira Barros de Alencar
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil.,Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil
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Shankar K, Singh SK, Kumar D, Varshney S, Gupta A, Rajan S, Srivastava A, Beg M, Srivastava AK, Kanojiya S, Mishra DK, Gaikwad AN. Cucumis melo ssp. Agrestis var. Agrestis Ameliorates High Fat Diet Induced Dyslipidemia in Syrian Golden Hamsters and Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 11:S501-10. [PMID: 27013786 PMCID: PMC4787080 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.172945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cucumis melo ssp. agrestis var. agrestis (CMA) is a wild variety of C. melo. This study aimed to explore anti-dyslipidemic and anti-adipogenic potential of CMA. Materials and Methods: For initial anti-dyslipidemic and antihyperglycemic potential of CMA fruit extract (CMFE), male Syrian golden hamsters were fed a chow or high-fat diet with or without CMFE (100 mg/kg). Further, we did fractionation of this CMFE into two fractions namely; CMA water fraction (CMWF) and CMA hexane fraction (CMHF). Phytochemical screening was done with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry LC- (MS)/MS and direct analysis in real time-MS to detect active compounds in the fractions. Further, high-fat diet fed dyslipidemic hamsters were treated with CMWF and CMHF at 50 mg/kg for 7 days. Results: Oral administration of CMFE and both fractions (CMWF and CMHF) reduced the total cholesterol, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low‐density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in high fat diet-fed dyslipidemic hamsters. CMHF also modulated expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and reverse cholesterol transport. Standard biochemical diagnostic tests suggested that neither of fractions causes any toxicity to hamster liver or kidneys. CMFE and CMHF also decreased oil-red-O accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Conclusion: Based on these results, it is concluded that CMA possesses anti-dyslipidemic and anti-hyperglycemic activity along with the anti-adipogenic activity. SUMMARY The oral administration of Cucumis melo agrestis fruit extract (CMFE) and its fractions (CMWF and CMHF) improved serum lipid profile in HFD fed dyslipidemic hamsters. CMFE, CMWF and CMHF significantly attenuated body weight gain and eWAT hypertrophy. The CMHF decreased lipogenesis in both liver and adipose tissue. CMFE and CMHF also inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Abbreviation used: CMA: Cucumis melo ssp. agrestis var. agrestis, CMFE: CMA fruit extract, CMWF: CMA water fraction, CMHF: CMA hexane fraction, FAS: Fatty acid synthase, SREBP1c: Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c, ACC: Acetyl CoA carboxylase, LXR α: Liver X receptor α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kripa Shankar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sumit K Singh
- Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Salil Varshney
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sujith Rajan
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muheeb Beg
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sanjeev Kanojiya
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipak K Mishra
- Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil N Gaikwad
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Tsai YC, Wang HT, Hsu JT, Li YH, Chen CY. Yeast with bacteriocin from ruminal bacteria enhances glucose utilization, reduces ectopic fat accumulation, and alters cecal microbiota in dietary-induced obese mice. Food Funct 2015; 6:2727-35. [PMID: 26147740 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00367a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effect of yeast with bacteriocin (YB) on the homeostasis of lipid and glucose in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Seven-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed with a Western diet for 24 weeks to induce obesity. These DIO mice were randomly assigned to 2 groups: obese control (WS) and WYB [0.125 μg YB per g body weight (BW)]. YB was administered daily to the WYB mice in the last 4 weeks, while an equal volume of normal saline was administered to the WS mice. RESULTS YB caused a significant reduction in BW, and in plasma levels of total cholesterol and glucose. Less hepatic lipid accumulation and smaller adipocytes were observed in WYB mice. WYB mice had higher lipid catabolism in liver and adipose tissue. Compared with WS mice, WYB mice had higher glycolysis in the liver and muscles. YB suppressed hepatic GLUT5 expression, altered the composition of cecal microbiota, and also caused more efficient carbohydrate utilization for energy expenditure. CONCLUSION YB resulted in body weight loss, promoted lipid catabolism and carbohydrate utilization; it also modulated cecal microbiota, and therefore partially improved the health of obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Tsai
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Sec 3, Keelung Rd, Taipei, Taiwan.
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