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Yamagami H, Hara T, Yasui S, Hosoki M, Hori T, Kaneko Y, Mitsui Y, Kurahashi K, Harada T, Yoshida S, Nakamura S, Otoda T, Yuasa T, Kuroda A, Endo I, Matsuhisa M, Abe M, Aihara KI. Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations between Skin Autofluorescence and Tubular Injury Defined by Urinary Excretion of Liver-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein in People with Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3020. [PMID: 38002020 PMCID: PMC10669246 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It has previously been unclear whether the accumulation of advanced glycation end products, which can be measured using skin autofluorescence (SAF), has a significant role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), including glomerular injury and tubular injury. This study was therefore carried out to determine whether SAF correlates with the progression of DKD in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In 350 Japanese people with T2D, SAF values were measured using an AGE Reader®, and both urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR), as a biomarker of glomerular injury, and urine liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (uLFABP)-to-creatinine ratio (uL-FABPCR), as a biomarker of tubular injury, were estimated as indices of the severity of DKD. Significant associations of SAF with uACR (p < 0.01), log-transformed uACR (p < 0.001), uL-FABPCR (p < 0.001), and log-transformed uL-FABPCR (p < 0.001) were found through a simple linear regression analysis. Although SAF was positively associated with increasing uL-FABPCR (p < 0.05) and increasing log-transformed uL-FABPCR (p < 0.05), SAF had no association with increasing uACR or log-transformed uACR after adjusting for clinical confounding factors. In addition, the annual change in SAF showed a significant positive correlation with annual change in uL-FABPCR regardless of confounding factors (p = 0.026). In conclusion, SAF is positively correlated with uL-FABP but not with uACR in people with T2D. Thus, there is a possibility that SAF can serve as a novel predictor for the development of diabetic tubular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamagami
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.Y.); (T.H.); (T.H.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anan Medical Center, 6-1 Kawahara Takarada-cho, Tokushima 774-0045, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Tomoyo Hara
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.Y.); (T.H.); (T.H.); (S.Y.)
| | - Saya Yasui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anan Medical Center, 6-1 Kawahara Takarada-cho, Tokushima 774-0045, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Minae Hosoki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anan Medical Center, 6-1 Kawahara Takarada-cho, Tokushima 774-0045, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Taiki Hori
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.Y.); (T.H.); (T.H.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anan Medical Center, 6-1 Kawahara Takarada-cho, Tokushima 774-0045, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Yousuke Kaneko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anan Medical Center, 6-1 Kawahara Takarada-cho, Tokushima 774-0045, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Yukari Mitsui
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.Y.); (T.H.); (T.H.); (S.Y.)
| | - Kiyoe Kurahashi
- Department of Community Medicine for Respirology, Hematology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan;
| | - Takeshi Harada
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.Y.); (T.H.); (T.H.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.Y.); (T.H.); (T.H.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shingen Nakamura
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (S.N.); (T.O.); (T.Y.)
| | - Toshiki Otoda
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (S.N.); (T.O.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tomoyuki Yuasa
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (S.N.); (T.O.); (T.Y.)
| | - Akio Kuroda
- Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (A.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Itsuro Endo
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan;
| | - Munehide Matsuhisa
- Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (A.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Hematology, Kawashima Hospital, 6-1 Kitasakoichiban-cho, Tokushima 770-8548, Japan;
| | - Ken-ichi Aihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anan Medical Center, 6-1 Kawahara Takarada-cho, Tokushima 774-0045, Japan (M.H.)
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (S.N.); (T.O.); (T.Y.)
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Gu MJ, Lee HW, Yoo G, Kim D, Kim Y, Choi IW, Cha YS, Ha SK. Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaf extracts alleviate diabetic nephropathy via attenuation of advanced glycation end product-induced oxidative stress in db/db mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:8396-8408. [PMID: 37614189 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01364b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus leads to chronic complications, such as nephropathy. Diabetic complications are closely related to advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Excessive formation and accumulation of AGEs in diabetic renal diseases lead to excessive oxidative stress, resulting in chronic renal failure. The leaves of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (sea buckthorn leaves; SBL) show biological benefits, including antioxidant effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of SBL on kidney damage in db/db mice. The SBL extract was orally administered at 100 and 200 mg kg-1 for 12 weeks to db/db mice. Histological changes and the urine albumin/creatinine ratio were relieved, and the accumulation of AGEs in kidney glomeruli decreased following SBL treatment. Moreover, the SBL extract reduced the expression of AGEs, the receptor for AGEs, and NADPH oxidase 4, but upregulated glyoxalase 1 in the diabetic renal tissue. Urinary excretion levels and expression of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine as a biomarker of oxidative stress decreased after SBL treatment in the renal tissue. Furthermore, SBL attenuated oxidative stress in diabetic kidneys by reducing AGE accumulation, thereby ameliorating renal damage. Therefore, from these results, we infer that the SBL extract can act as a potential therapeutic agent for diabetic renal complications caused by AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Gu
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (Human Ecology), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Weon Lee
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Guijae Yoo
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsook Kim
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Wook Choi
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (Human Ecology), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- K-Food Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Keun Ha
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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3
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Ye G, Hu ML, Xiao L. Forkhead box A2-mediated lncRNA SOX2OT up-regulation alleviates oxidative stress and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by promoting SIRT1 expression in diabetic nephropathy. Nephrology (Carlton) 2023; 28:196-207. [PMID: 36576135 DOI: 10.1111/nep.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal tubular injury is the main feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We intend to investigate the function and related mechanisms of lncRNA SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2OT) in high glucose (HG)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs). METHODS To construct diabetes models, the human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells were treated with HG (30 mM), and mice were injected with streptozotocin. The levels of intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed by dihydroethidium staining and MitoSox staining. The cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. Levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Urinary ACR, and oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were detected by relevant kits. In addition, fluorescence in situ hybridization staining, RNA-pull down, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were also executed. RESULTS Levels of SOX2OT and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) were down-regulated in HG-cultured HK-2 cells. Overexpressing SOX2OT reduced intracellular and mitochondrial ROS levels and cell apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, SOX2OT overexpression also reduced serum creatinine, BUN, urinary ACR, 8-OHdG, renal tubular injury markers KIM1 and NGAL, ROS levels, and cell apoptosis in vivo. In addition, SOX2OT promoted SIRT1 expression by suppressing its ubiquitination. Besides, interference with SIRT1 reversed the inhibitory effect of SOX2OT overexpression on HG-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Forkhead box A2 (Foxa2) levels were up-regulated in HG-cultured HK-2 cells. Foxa2 could bind to the SOX2OT promoter and suppress its expression. Furthermore, interfering with SOX2OT reversed the inhibitory effect of Foxa2 interference on HG-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. CONCLUSION Foxa2-mediated SOX2OT up-regulation reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis of RTECs by promoting SIRT1 expression, thus alleviating the progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Man-Li Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, China
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Liu D, Yu J, Xie J, Zhang Z, Tang C, Yu T, Chen S, Hong Z, Wang C. PbAc Triggers Oxidation and Apoptosis via the PKA Pathway in NRK-52E Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2687-2694. [PMID: 32926327 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of the lead exposure-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells. We explored the effects of lead acetate (PbAc) on the oxidation and apoptosis of renal proximal tubular cells (NRK-52E) through in vitro experiments. Results showed that PbAc induced dose-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in NRK-52E cells, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) decreased, whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased. Under the exposure of 40 and 80 μM PbAc, the mRNA level of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in the cells decreased, the mRNA levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3 increased, and apoptosis was obvious. Furthermore, the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (Nox4) activity was enhanced by PbAc in a dose-dependent manner. The mRNA levels of protein kinase A (PKA) were upregulated by PbAc. H-89, a PKA inhibitor, suppressed PKA activation, ROS accumulation, and Nox4 activity in NRK-52E cells. Our results indicated that PbAc potentially stimulated oxidative stress and apoptosis in NRK-52E cells by increasing Nox4-dependent ROS production via the PKA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanya Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Caoli Tang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianmei Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouni Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhidan Hong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway attenuates renal injury in pregnant rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Immunol Res 2021; 69:295-306. [PMID: 33988814 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important intracellular signalling pathway that leads to increased expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. Our previous studies have shown that the p38 MAPK pathway was changed in the acute renal injury (ARI) in acute pancreatitis in late pregnancy (APIP), whereas the role of p38 MAPK in APIP-induced ARI has been poorly understood. The present study was undertaken to investigate the participation of the p38 MAPK signalling pathway and the protective effect of SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK in ARI in APIP. Twenty-four late-gestation SD rats were randomly assigned to four groups: the normal group (N), sham-operated group (SO), acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) group, and p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) treatment group (T). The results showed that serum amylase, lipase, urea, and creatinine levels of p38 inhibitor of T groups were markedly lower than the ANP groups. Additionally, the expression of phosphorylated p38 and myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), caspase-3, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl TUNEL-positive cells was markedly lower in the T group than in the ANP group. Our results suggest that SB203580 can inhibit renal injury by inhibiting the P38 MAPK signalling pathway and blocking the inflammatory responses in APIP.
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Shah AN, Tanveer M, Abbas A, Fahad S, Baloch MS, Ahmad MI, Saud S, Song Y. Targeting salt stress coping mechanisms for stress tolerance in Brassica: A research perspective. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:53-64. [PMID: 33296846 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Brassica genus comprises numerous cultivated brassica species with various economic importance. Salt stress is an overwhelming problem causing serious losses in Brassica species (e.g. B. napus, B. rapa, B. oleracea, B. juncea) growth and grain yield production by inducing ionic and ROS toxicity. Given that a significant variation exists in salt tolerance level in Brassica genus, Brassica species exhibited numerous salt tolerance mechanisms which were either overlooked or given less importance to improve and understand innate salt stress tolerance mechanism in Brassica species. In this review, we tried to highlight the importance and recent findings relating to some overlooked and potential mechanisms such as role of neurotransmitters, and role of cytosolic Ca2+ and ROS as signaling elements to enhance salt stress tolerance. Studies revealed that salt tolerant brassica species retained more K+ in leaf mesophyll which confers overall salinity tolerance in salt tolerance brassica species. Neurotransmitter such as melatonin, dopamiane and eATP regulates K+ and Ca2+ permeable ion channels and plays a very crucial role in ionic homeostasis under salinity stress in brassica. At the end, the numerous possible salt stress agronomic strategies were also discussed to mitigate the severity of the salt stress in Brassica species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Noor Shah
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Mohsin Tanveer
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Asad Abbas
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China; Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Safdar Baloch
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, 29050, KPK, Pakistan
| | | | - Shah Saud
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Youhong Song
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Haghikia A, Landmesser U. Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Redox Signaling: Role in Atherosclerosis and Coronary Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:337-352. [PMID: 28817963 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Lipoproteins, such as low-density lipoprotein, play a causal role in the development of atherosclerosis and coronary disease. Recent Advances: Lipoproteins can stimulate vascular production of reactive oxygen species, which act as important signaling molecules in the cardiovascular system contributing to the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. CRITICAL ISSUES Modified lipoproteins have emerged as important regulators of redox signaling, such as oxidized or carbamylated low-density lipoprotein or modified high-density lipoproteins, that contain oxidized lipids, an altered protein cargo, and associated small molecules, such as symmetric dimethylarginine. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In this review, we provide an overview on signaling pathways stimulated by modified lipoproteins in the cardiovascular system and their potential role in cardiovascular disease development. Moreover, we highlight novel aspects of how gut microbiome-related mechanisms-a growing research field-may contribute to lipoprotein modification with subsequent impact on cardiovascular redox signaling. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 337-352.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Haghikia
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
- 2 German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
- 2 German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- 3 Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) , Berlin, Germany
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8
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Álvarez-Cilleros D, Martín MÁ, Goya L, Ramos S. (−)-Epicatechin and the colonic metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid protect renal proximal tubular cell against high glucose-induced oxidative stress by modulating NOX-4/SIRT-1 signalling. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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9
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Qiao Y, Tian X, Men L, Li S, Chen Y, Xue M, Hu Y, Zhou P, Long G, Shi Y, Liu R, Liu Y, Qi Z, Cui Y, Shen Y. Spleen tyrosine kinase promotes NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome‑mediated IL‑1β secretion via c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase activation and cell apoptosis during diabetic nephropathy. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1995-2008. [PMID: 29901140 PMCID: PMC6072182 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes and can cause an increased mortality risk. It was previously reported that NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. However, the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. In the present study, the effects of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) on the NLRP3 inflammasome were examined in vivo and in vitro. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. HK2 cells and rat glomerular mesangial cells (RGMCs) were examined to detect the expression of JNK and NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins following treatment with a Syk inhibitor or Syk-small interfering (si)RNA in a high glucose condition. In the present study, it was revealed that the protein and mRNA expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated molecules and the downstream mature interleukin (IL)-1β were upregulated in vivo and in vitro. The Syk inhibitor and Syk-siRNA suppressed high glucose-induced JNK activation, and subsequently downregulated the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and mature IL-1β in HK2 cells and RGMCs. Furthermore, high glucose-induced apoptosis of HK2 cells was reduced by the Syk inhibitor BAY61-3606. Therefore, the present results determined that high glucose-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is mediated by Syk/JNK activation, which subsequently increased the protein expression level of IL-1β and mature IL-1β. The present study identified that the Syk/JNK/NLRP3 signaling pathway may serve a vital role in the pathogenesis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Qiao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Xixi Tian
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Li Men
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Shengyu Li
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Meiting Xue
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Hu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Guangfeng Long
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Yue Shi
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqing Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Yunde Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Qi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Cui
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Yanna Shen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
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10
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Wei Y, Gao J, Qin L, Xu Y, Shi H, Qu L, Liu Y, Xu T, Liu T. Curcumin suppresses AGEs induced apoptosis in tubular epithelial cells via protective autophagy. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:6052-6058. [PMID: 29285156 PMCID: PMC5740722 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular cell apoptosis and tubular dysfunction is an important process underlying diabetic nephropathy (DN). Understanding the mechanisms underlying renal tubular epithelial cell survival is important for the prevention of kidney damage associated with glucotoxicity. Curcumin has been demonstrated to possess potent anti-apoptotic properties. However, the roles of curcumin in renal epithelial cells are yet to be defined. The present study investigated advanced glycation or glycoxidation end-product (AGE)-induced toxicity in renal tubular epithelial cells via several complementary assays, including cell viability, cell apoptosis and cell autophagy in the NRK-52E rat kidney tubular epithelial cell line. The extent of apoptosis was significantly increased in the NRK-52E cells following treatment with AGEs. The results also indicated that curcumin reversed this effect by promoting autophagy through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway. These conclusions suggested that curcumin exerts a renoprotective effect in the presence of AGEs, at least in part by activating autophagy in NRK-52E cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that curcumin not only exerts renoprotective effects, however may also act as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100102, P.R. China.,Health Cultivation Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100029, P.R. China.,Health Cultivation Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100102, P.R. China.,Health Cultivation Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100029, P.R. China.,Health Cultivation Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100029, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Qin
- Health Cultivation Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100029, P.R. China.,Health Cultivation Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yunling Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100102, P.R. China.,Health Cultivation Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100029, P.R. China.,Health Cultivation Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100029, P.R. China
| | - Haoxia Shi
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100102, P.R. China.,Health Cultivation Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100029, P.R. China.,Health Cultivation Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100029, P.R. China
| | - Lingxia Qu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100102, P.R. China.,Health Cultivation Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100029, P.R. China.,Health Cultivation Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiao Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100102, P.R. China.,Health Cultivation Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100029, P.R. China.,Health Cultivation Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100029, P.R. China
| | - Tunhai Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100102, P.R. China.,Health Cultivation Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100029, P.R. China.,Health Cultivation Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100029, P.R. China
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Health Cultivation Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100029, P.R. China.,Health Cultivation Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Chaoyang 100029, P.R. China
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11
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Sharma I, Tupe RS, Wallner AK, Kanwar YS. Contribution of myo-inositol oxygenase in AGE:RAGE-mediated renal tubulointerstitial injury in the context of diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 314:F107-F121. [PMID: 28931523 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00434.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play a role in pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) has been implicated in tubulointerstitial injury in the context of DN. We investigated the effect of AGEs on MIOX expression and delineated mechanisms that lead to tubulointerstitial injury. The status of MIOX, RAGE, and relevant cellular signaling pathways activated following AGE:RAGE interaction was examined in tubular cells and kidneys of AGE-BSA-treated mice. A solid-phase assay revealed an enhanced binding of RAGE with AGE-BSA, AGE-laminin, and AGE-collagen IV. The cells treated with AGE-BSA had increased MIOX activity/expression and promoter activity. This was associated with activation of various signaling kinases of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway and increased expression of NF-κB, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and fibronectin, which was negated with the treatment of MIOX/RAGE- small interfering (si) RNA. Concomitant with MIOX upregulation, there was an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could be abrogated with MIOX/RAGE- siRNA treatment. The kidneys of mice treated with AGE-BSA had significantly high urinary A/C ratio, upregulation of MIOX, RAGE and NF-κB, along with influx of monocytes into the tubulointerstitium, increased the expression of MCP-1, IL-6, and fibronectin and increased the generation of ROS. Such perturbations were abrogated with the concomitant treatment of inhibitors MIOX or RAGE (d-glucarate and FPS-ZM1). These studies support a role of AGE:RAGE interaction in the activation of PI3K-AKT pathway and upregulation of MIOX, with excessive generation of ROS, increased expression of NF-κB, inflammatory cytokines, TGF-β, and fibronectin. Collectively, these observations highlight the relevance of the biology of MIOX in the contribution toward tubulointerstitial injury in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Sharma
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rashmi S Tupe
- Biochemical Sciences Division, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT and Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University , Pune , India
| | - Aryana K Wallner
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
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12
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Jha JC, Banal C, Chow BSM, Cooper ME, Jandeleit-Dahm K. Diabetes and Kidney Disease: Role of Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:657-684. [PMID: 26906673 PMCID: PMC5069735 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intrarenal oxidative stress plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Enhanced oxidative stress results from overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the context of concomitant, insufficient antioxidant pathways. Renal ROS production in diabetes is predominantly mediated by various NADPH oxidases (NOXs), but a defective antioxidant system as well as mitochondrial dysfunction may also contribute. Recent Advances: Effective agents targeting the source of ROS generation hold the promise to rescue the kidney from oxidative damage and prevent subsequent progression of DKD. Critical Issues and Future Directions: In the present review, we summarize and critically analyze molecular and cellular mechanisms that have been demonstrated to be involved in NOX-induced renal injury in diabetes, with particular focus on the role of increased glomerular injury, the development of albuminuria, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, novel agents targeting NOX isoforms are discussed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 657-684.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay C Jha
- 1 Diabetic Complications Division, JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claudine Banal
- 1 Diabetic Complications Division, JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bryna S M Chow
- 1 Diabetic Complications Division, JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark E Cooper
- 1 Diabetic Complications Division, JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Australia .,2 Department of Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- 1 Diabetic Complications Division, JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Australia .,2 Department of Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
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13
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AGE-RAGE interaction in the TGFβ2-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition of human lens epithelial cells. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:631-43. [PMID: 27263094 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Basement membrane (BM) proteins accumulate chemical modifications with age. One such modification is glycation, which results in the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). In a previous study, we reported that AGEs in the human lens capsule (BM) promote the TGFβ2-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells, which we proposed as a mechanism for posterior capsule opacification (PCO) or secondary cataract formation. In this study, we investigated the role of a receptor for AGEs (RAGE) in the TGFβ2-mediated EMT in a human lens epithelial cell line (FHL124). RAGE was present in FHL124 cells, and its levels were unaltered in cells cultured on either native or AGE-modified BM or upon treatment with TGFβ2. RAGE overexpression significantly enhanced the TGFβ2-mediated EMT responses in cells cultured on AGE-modified BM compared with the unmodified matrix. In contrast, treatment of cells with a RAGE antibody or EN-RAGE (an endogenous ligand for RAGE) resulted in a significant reduction in the TGFβ2-mediated EMT response. This was accompanied by a reduction in TGFβ2-mediated Smad signaling and ROS generation. These results imply that the interaction of matrix AGEs with RAGE plays a role in the TGFβ2-mediated EMT of lens epithelial cells and suggest that the blockade of RAGE could be a strategy to prevent PCO and other age-associated fibrosis.
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14
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Li Z, Sheng Y, Liu C, Li K, Huang X, Huang J, Xu K. Nox4 has a crucial role in uric acid‑induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in renal tubular cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4343-8. [PMID: 27052425 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of uric acid in promoting tubular cell apoptosis and verify the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (Nox4)‑induced oxidative stress in this process. HK‑2 cells were used as a human proximal tubular cell model and co‑cultured with various concentrations of uric acid with or without pre‑treatment with the Nox4 inhibitor diphenylene iodonium (DPI). The apoptotic rate and the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, levels of Nox4, phosphorylated (p)‑P38, p‑extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK), B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) and Bcl‑2‑extra large (Bax) were detected by western blot analysis. The results showed that treatment with uric acid decreased HK‑2 cell viability and promoted apoptosis in a dose‑dependent manner. This was paralleled with an upregulation of Nox4 as well as ROS overproduction, which activated the phosphorylation of P38/ERK and caused an imbalance of Bax/Bcl‑2 in HK‑2 cells. Of note, inhibition of Nox4 with DPI prevented uric acid‑induced cell injury by suppressing ROS generation and P38/ERK activation. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that elevated uric acid promoted ROS‑induced tubular cell apoptosis by upregulating Nox4 expression. The present study therefore provided possible mechanisms and a potential therapeutic target of uric acid‑induced chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohang Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yiyu Sheng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Kuiqing Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Kewei Xu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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15
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Kishabongo AS, Katchunga P, Cikomola JC, De Somer FM, De Buyzere ML, Speeckaert MM, Delanghe JR. The presence of fructosamine in human aortic valves is associated with valve stiffness. J Clin Pathol 2016; 69:772-6. [PMID: 26850632 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Human heart valves are prone to glycation, a fundamental process of ageing. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between fructosamine formation and the mechanical properties of human aortic valves. METHODS 67 patients (age: 76±8 years) diagnosed with an aortic valve stenosis, who underwent an aortic valve replacement were enrolled. Fructosamine and calcium concentrations in aortic valves were determined. Using a transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, aortic valve orifice area and transvalvular pressure gradients were measured. In a subgroup of 32 patients, the aortic valve orifice area was sufficient to carry out mechanical testing on a LFPlus Universal material tester. An in vitro removal of fructosamine of the valve was initiated using ATP-dependent fructosamine 3-kinase (FN3K). RESULTS A significant correlation was found between the aortic valve fructosamine concentration and the calculated aortic valve orifice area: Y (aortic valve orifice area, mm(2))=1.050-0.228X (aortic valve fructosamine concentration, µmol/g valve) (r=-0.38). A significantly higher calcium concentration was measured in the aortic valves of diabetics in comparison with those of non-diabetics. A multiple regression analysis revealed that the presence of diabetes mellitus and aortic valve fructosamine concentration were the main predictors of the extensibility of the aortic valves. In the in vitro deglycation study, a significant lower aortic valve fructosamine concentration was detected after treatment with FN3K. This resulted in an increased flexibility of the aortic valves. CONCLUSIONS Although no direct causativeness is proven with the presented results, which just show an association between fructosamine, the effect of FN3K and aortic valve stiffness, the present study points for the first time towards a possible additional role of the Amadori products in the biomechanical properties of ageing aortic valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine S Kishabongo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Catholic University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Philippe Katchunga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Justin C Cikomola
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Filip M De Somer
- Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Joris R Delanghe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Wang J, Teng L, Liu Y, Hu W, Chen W, Hu X, Wang Y, Wang D. Studies on the Antidiabetic and Antinephritic Activities of Paecilomyces hepiali Water Extract in Diet-Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:4368380. [PMID: 27034961 PMCID: PMC4789475 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4368380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Paecilomyces hepiali is a fungus widely used in Asian countries for various potential pharmacological activities. The present study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic and antinephritic effects of the Paecilomyces hepiali mycelium water extract (PHC) in diabetic rat, which is established by eight-week high-fat diet administration followed by one-week tail intravenous injection of 25 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). After four-week 0.12 g/kg metformin and PHC at doses of 0.08, 0.4, and 2.0 g/kg treatment, an increment of body weight, a decrement of plasma glucose, low levels of total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetic rats were observed. PHC promotes glucose metabolism by enhancing insulin, pyruvate kinase activity, and increasing the synthesis of glycogen. PHC normalized the disturbed levels of superoxide dismutase, methane dicarboxylic aldehyde, and glutathione peroxidase in kidney. The inhibitory effects on the levels of interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α in serum and kidney revealed the protection of PHC against diabetic nephropathy. Compared with nontreated diabetic rats, four-week PHC treatment resulted in a decrement on nuclear factor kappa B expression in kidney. These results show that Paecilomyces hepiali possesses antidiabetic and antinephritic effects which are related to the modulation of nuclear factor kappa B activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lirong Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yange Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenji Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenqi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xi Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yingwu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- *Di Wang:
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17
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Okamura DM, Pennathur S. The balance of powers: Redox regulation of fibrogenic pathways in kidney injury. Redox Biol 2015; 6:495-504. [PMID: 26448394 PMCID: PMC4600846 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathogenesis of diverse chronic inflammatory disorders including diabetic complications, cardiovascular disease, aging, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients with moderate to advanced CKD have markedly increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation that likely contribute to the unacceptable high rates of morbidity and mortality in this patient population. Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in excess of the capacity of cells/tissues to detoxify or scavenge them. Such a state of oxidative stress may alter the structure/function of cellular macromolecules and tissues that eventually leads to organ dysfunction. The harmful effects of ROS have been largely attributed to its indiscriminate, stochastic effects on the oxidation of protein, lipids, or DNA but in many instances the oxidants target particular amino acid residues or lipid moieties. Oxidant mechanisms are intimately involved in cell signaling and are linked to several key redox-sensitive signaling pathways in fibrogenesis. Dysregulation of antioxidant mechanisms and overproduction of ROS not only promotes a fibrotic milieu but leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and further exacerbates kidney injury. Our studies support the hypothesis that unique reactive intermediates generated in localized microenvironments of vulnerable tissues such as the kidney activate fibrogenic pathways and promote end-organ damage. The ability to quantify these changes and assess response to therapies will be pivotal in understanding disease mechanisms and monitoring efficacy of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl M Okamura
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- University of Michigan, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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