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Wang S, Zhang X, Qu B, Yang K, Hu Y, Liu H, Hong J, Niu H, Yang H. A Novel MRI-Based Paravertebral Muscle Quality (PVMQ) Score for Evaluating Muscle Quality and Bone Quality: A Comparative Study with the VBQ Score. Clin Interv Aging 2024; 19:1203-1215. [PMID: 38974509 PMCID: PMC11227326 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s464187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to develop a novel MRI-based paravertebral muscle quality (PVMQ) score for assessing muscle quality and to investigate its correlation with the degree of fat infiltration (DFF) and the vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score of paravertebral muscles. Additionally, the study compares the effectiveness of the PVMQ score and the VBQ score in assessing muscle quality and bone quality. Methods PVMQ scores were derived from the ratio of paravertebral muscle signal intensity (SI) to L3 cerebrospinal fluid SI on T2-weighted MRI. Image J software assessed paravertebral muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and DFF. Spearman rank correlation analyses explored associations between PVMQ, VBQ scores, DFF, and T-scores in both genders. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves compared PVMQ and VBQ scores' effectiveness in distinguishing osteopenia/osteoporosis and high paraspinal muscle DFF. Results In this study of 144 patients (94 females), PVMQ scores were significantly higher in osteoporosis and osteopenia groups compared to normals, with variations observed between genders (P < 0.05). PVMQ showed stronger positive correlation with VBQ scores and DFF in females than males (0.584 vs 0.445, 0.579 vs 0.528; P < 0.01). ROC analysis favored PVMQ over VBQ for low muscle mass in both genders (AUC = 0.767 vs 0.718, 0.793 vs 0.718). VBQ was better for bone mass in males (0.737/0.865 vs 0.691/0.858), whereas PVMQ excelled for females (0.808/0.764 vs 0.721/0.718). Conclusion The novel PVMQ score provides a reliable assessment of paravertebral muscle quality and shows a strong correlation with VBQ scores and DFF, particularly in females. It outperforms VBQ scores in evaluating muscle mass and offers valuable insights for assessing bone mass in females. These findings underscore the potential of the PVMQ score as a dual-purpose tool for evaluating both muscle and bone health, informing future research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Qu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunhai Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongrong Hu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juntao Hong
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Niu
- Computer Science of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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Li Y, Liu C, Lu J, Sun H, Li Y. Relationship between muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue size and density and proximal femur bone in elderly women with hip fracture. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:130. [PMID: 38862865 PMCID: PMC11166751 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both osteoporosis and sarcopenia are associated with aging, increasing the likelihood of falls in older adults and consequently raising the risk of hip fractures (HF). AIMS To explore the relationship between the size and density of muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and the bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur in elderly women with HF. METHODS Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was conducted on the hips of 661 female participants who experienced low-energy acute HFs to measure both areal BMD (aBMD) and volume BMD (vBMD). Measurements were taken for the cross-sectional area (CSA) and density of the muscle around the hip and adjacent SAT. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to assess the relationship between these parameters. RESULTS Most increases in the density of the gluteus medius and minimus muscle (G.Med/MinM) were correlated with higher BMD in the femoral neck fracture (FNF) group with osteoporosis. In the FNF group, gluteus maximus muscle (G.MaxM) density was negatively associated with the BMD parameters of the proximal femur in individuals with osteoporosis, while they were positively associated with nonosteoporosis. In the intertrochanteric fracture (ITF) group without osteoporosis, both FN aBMD and FN vBMD showed significant correlations with G.Med/MinM density. DISCUSSION In women with HFs, bone and muscle are closely related. CONCLUSIONS In older women with HFs, density but not CSA of the G.Med/MinM were associated with BMD parameters of the proximal femur. Osteoporosis may influence the relationship between G.MaxM density and proximal femur BMD in elderly women with FNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangtong Li
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chenjun Liu
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Abe K, Furukawa K, Matsumoto M, Futagawa Y, Shiozaki H, Onda S, Haruki K, Shirai Y, Okamoto T, Ikegami T. Osteosarcopenia impacts treatment outcomes for Barcelona Cancer Liver Classification stage A hepatocellular carcinoma. Surg Oncol 2024; 53:102043. [PMID: 38330806 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2024.102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM To study the effect of preoperative osteosarcopenia (OSP) on the prognosis of treatment (surgery or radiofrequency ablation (RFA)) in patients with Barcelona Cancer Liver Classification stage A hepatocellular carcinoma (BCLC A HCC). METHODS This study enrolled 102 patients with BCLC A HCC who underwent surgical resection (n = 45) and RFA (n = 57); the patients were divided into two groups: OSP (n = 33) and non-OSP (n = 69). Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) curves for both the groups and treatment methods (surgery and RFA) were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Univariate analyses for OS and DFS were performed using log-rank test. Multivariate analyses were performed for factors that were significant at univariate analysis by Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS Multivariate analysis showed that OSP (HR 2.44; 95 % CI 1.30-4.55; p < 0.01) and treatment (HR 0.57; 95 % CI 0.31-0.99; p = 0.05) were significant independent predictors of DFS; and treatment (HR, 0.30; 95 % CI 0.10-0.85; p = 0.03) was a significant independent predictor of OS in the non-OSP group, in which the OS rate was significantly lower in patients treated with RFA than in those treated by resection (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS OSP is a prognostic factor for BCLC A HCC treatment. Surgical approach was associated with a significantly better prognosis in patients without OSP compared to those who underwent RFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Abe
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kenei Furukawa
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yasuro Futagawa
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Shiozaki
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Onda
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Haruki
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shirai
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Okamoto
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Ikegami
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Chen S, Xu X, Gong H, Chen R, Guan L, Yan X, Zhou L, Yang Y, Wang J, Zhou J, Zou C, Huang P. Global epidemiological features and impact of osteosarcopenia: A comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:8-20. [PMID: 38086772 PMCID: PMC10834350 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcopenia is defined as the concurrent occurrence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia. The aim of the current study was to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the global prevalence, risk factors and clinical outcomes of osteosarcopenia. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022351229). PubMed, Cochrane, Medline and Embase were searched from inception to February 2023 to retrieve eligible observational population-based studies. Pooled osteosarcopenia prevalence was calculated with 95% confidence interval (CI), and subgroup analyses were performed. The risk factor of osteosarcopenia and its association with clinical outcomes were expressed as odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR), respectively. Heterogeneity was estimated using the I2 test. Study quality was assessed using validated instruments matched to study designs. The search identified 55 158 studies, and 66 studies (64 404 participants, mean age from 46.6 to 93 years) were analysed in the final analysis, including 48 cross-sectional studies, 17 cohort studies and 1 case-control study. Overall, the pooled prevalence of osteosarcopenia was 18.5% (95% CI: 16.7-20.3, I2 = 98.7%), including 15.3% (95% CI: 13.2-17.4, I2 = 97.6%) in men and 19.4% (95% CI: 16.9-21.9, I2 = 98.5%) in women. The prevalence of osteosarcopenia diagnosed using sarcopenia plus osteopenia/osteoporosis was 20.7% (95% CI: 17.1-24.4, I2 = 98.55%), and the prevalence of using sarcopenia plus osteoporosis was 16.1% (95% CI: 13.3-18.9, I2 = 98.0%). The global osteosarcopenia prevalence varied in different regions with 22.9% in Oceania, 21.6% in Asia, 20.8% in South America, 15.7% in North America and 10.9% in Europe. A statistically significant difference was found in the subgroups of the study population between the hospital (24.7%) and community (12.9%) (P = 0.001). Frailty (OR = 4.72, 95% CI: 2.71-8.23, I2 = 61.1%), malnutrition (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.62-3.40, I2 = 50.0%), female sex (OR = 5.07, 95% CI: 2.96-8.69, I2 = 73.0%) and higher age (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.06-1.15, I2 ==86.0%) were significantly associated with a higher risk for osteosarcopenia. Meta-analysis of cohort studies showed that osteosarcopenia significantly increased the risk of fall (HR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.20-1.97; I2 = 1.0%, three studies), fracture (HR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.61-2.81; I2 = 67.8%, seven studies) and mortality (HR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.34-2.28; I2 = 0.0%, five studies). Despite the heterogeneity arising from varied definitions and criteria, our findings highlight a significant global prevalence of osteosarcopenia and its negative impact on clinical health. Standardizing diagnostic criteria for osteosarcopenia would be advantageous in the future, and early detection and management should be emphasized in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanping Chen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Center for Clinical Medicine Research of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
- Online Collaborative Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine Ministry of Education, Jinggangshan University Branch, Ji'an, China
| | - Huping Gong
- College of Nursing, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ruzhao Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Center for Clinical Medicine Research of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
- Online Collaborative Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine Ministry of Education, Jinggangshan University Branch, Ji'an, China
| | - Lijuan Guan
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedan Yan
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongxue Yang
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Center for Clinical Medicine Research of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
- Online Collaborative Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine Ministry of Education, Jinggangshan University Branch, Ji'an, China
| | - Jianghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chuan Zou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Department of General Practice, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Huang
- College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Wang Y, Dong Z, An Z, Jin W. Cancer cachexia: Focus on cachexia factors and inter-organ communication. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:44-62. [PMID: 37968131 PMCID: PMC10766315 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cancer cachexia is a multi-organ syndrome and closely related to changes in signal communication between organs, which is mediated by cancer cachexia factors. Cancer cachexia factors, being the general name of inflammatory factors, circulating proteins, metabolites, and microRNA secreted by tumor or host cells, play a role in secretory or other organs and mediate complex signal communication between organs during cancer cachexia. Cancer cachexia factors are also a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment. The pathogenesis of cachexia is unclear and no clear effective treatment is available. Thus, the treatment of cancer cachexia from the perspective of the tumor ecosystem rather than from the perspective of a single molecule and a single organ is urgently needed. From the point of signal communication between organs mediated by cancer cachexia factors, finding a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer cachexia is of great significance to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. This review begins with cancer cachexia factors released during the interaction between tumor and host cells, and provides a comprehensive summary of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment for cancer cachexia, along with a particular sight on multi-organ signal communication mediated by cancer cachexia factors. This summary aims to deepen medical community's understanding of cancer cachexia and may conduce to the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zikai Dong
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ziyi An
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Weilin Jin
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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Akhiiarova K, Khusainova R, Minniakhmetov I, Mokrysheva N, Tyurin A. Peak Bone Mass Formation: Modern View of the Problem. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2982. [PMID: 38001982 PMCID: PMC10669090 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Peak bone mass is the amount of bone tissue that is formed when a stable skeletal state is achieved at a young age. To date, there are no established peak bone mass standards nor clear data on the age at which peak bone mass occurs. At the same time, the level of peak bone mass at a young age is an important predictor of the onset of primary osteoporosis. The purpose of this review is to analyze the results of studies of levels of peak bone mass in general, the age of its onset, as well as factors influencing its formation. Factors such as hormonal levels, body composition, physical activity, nutrition, heredity, smoking, lifestyle, prenatal predictors, intestinal microbiota, and vitamin and micronutrient status were considered, and a comprehensive scheme of the influence of these factors on the level of peak bone mass was created. Determining the standards and timing of the formation of peak bone mass, and the factors affecting it, will help in the development of measures to prevent its shortage and the consequent prevention of osteoporosis and concomitant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Akhiiarova
- Internal Medicine Department, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia;
| | - Rita Khusainova
- Medical Genetics Department, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia;
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Dmitriya Ulianova Street, 11, 117036 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Ildar Minniakhmetov
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Dmitriya Ulianova Street, 11, 117036 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Natalia Mokrysheva
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Dmitriya Ulianova Street, 11, 117036 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Anton Tyurin
- Internal Medicine Department, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia;
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Suresh Kumar H, Barnett EN, Fowlkes JL, Kalaitzoglou E, Annamalai RT. Biomechanical Stimulation of Muscle Constructs Influences Phenotype of Bone Constructs by Modulating Myokine Secretion. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10804. [PMID: 38025033 PMCID: PMC10652181 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that can lead to diabetic myopathy and bone diseases. The etiology of musculoskeletal complications in such metabolic disorders and the interplay between the muscular and osseous systems are not well understood. Exercise training promises to prevent diabetic myopathy and bone disease and offer protection. Although the muscle-bone interaction is largely biomechanical, the muscle secretome has significant implications for bone biology. Uncoupling effects of biophysical and biochemical stimuli on the adaptive response of bone during exercise training may offer therapeutic targets for diabetic bone disease. Here, we have developed an in vitro model to elucidate the effects of mechanical strain on myokine secretion and its impact on bone metabolism decoupled from physical stimuli. We developed bone constructs using cross-linked gelatin, which facilitated osteogenic differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. Then muscle constructs were made from fibrin, which enabled myoblast differentiation and myotube formation. We investigated the myokine expression by muscle constructs under strain regimens replicating endurance (END) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in hyperglycemic conditions. In monocultures, both regimens induced higher expression of Il15 and Igf1, whereas END supported more myoblast differentiation and myotube maturation than HIIT. When co-cultured with bone constructs, HIIT regimen increased Glut4 expression in muscle constructs more than END, supporting higher glucose uptake. Likewise, the muscle constructs under the HIIT regimen promoted a healthier and more matured bone phenotype than END. Under static conditions, myostatin (Mstn) expression was significantly downregulated in muscle constructs co-cultured with bone constructs compared with monocultures. Together, our in vitro co-culture system allowed orthogonal manipulation of mechanical strain on muscle constructs while facilitating bone-muscle biochemical cross-talk. Such systems can provide an individualized microenvironment that allows decoupled biomechanical manipulation, help identify molecular targets, and develop engineered therapies for metabolic bone disease. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edwina N. Barnett
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - John L. Fowlkes
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes CenterLexingtonKYUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Evangelia Kalaitzoglou
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes CenterLexingtonKYUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
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Ino Y, Ohira T, Kumagai K, Nakai Y, Akiyama T, Moriyama K, Takeda Y, Saito T, Ryo A, Inaba Y, Hirano H, Kimura Y. Identification of mouse soleus muscle proteins altered in response to changes in gravity loading. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15768. [PMID: 37737267 PMCID: PMC10517164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gravity-dependent physical processes strongly affect the ability of elderly people to maintain musculoskeletal health by reducing muscle atrophy and increasing bone mineral density, thereby increasing quality of life. A need therefore exists to identify molecules in the musculoskeletal system that are responsive to gravitational loading and to establish an objective indicator for the maintenance of healthy musculoskeletal systems. Here, we performed an integrated assessment of the results of soleus muscle proteomic analyses in three model mouse experiments under different gravity environments (hypergravity, hindlimb unloading, and spaceflight). Myl6b, Gpd1, Fbp2, Pvalb, and Actn3 were shown to be gravity-responsive muscle proteins, and alterations in the levels of these proteins indicated changes in muscle fiber type to slow-twitch type due to gravity loading. In addition, immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays revealed that Pvalb levels in the sera of hindlimb-unloaded mice and osteoporosis patients were higher than in control subjects, suggesting that Pvalb levels might be useful to objectively evaluate soleus muscle atrophy and bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ino
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohira
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi 377-2, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Ken Kumagai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakai
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomoko Akiyama
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kayano Moriyama
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuriko Takeda
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Akihide Ryo
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inaba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hirano
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kimura
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
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Moretti A, Iolascon G. Sclerostin: clinical insights in muscle-bone crosstalk. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231193293. [PMID: 37632438 PMCID: PMC10467411 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231193293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin, a protein encoded by the sclerostin (SOST) gene, is mostly expressed in osteocytes. First described in the pathogenesis of three disorders, sclerosteosis, van Buchem's disease, and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, sclerostin has been identified as an important regulator of bone homeostasis, controlling bone formation by osteoblasts through inhibition of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Recent studies have highlighted a hypothetical role of sclerostin in myogenesis, thus modulating the interaction between bone and muscle. This narrative review provides an overview of the clinical implications of sclerostin modulation on skeletal muscle mass and function, and bone metabolism. Improving knowledge about muscle-bone crosstalk may represent a turning point in the development of therapeutic strategies for musculoskeletal disorders, particularly osteosarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antimo Moretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
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Gielen E, Dupont J, Dejaeger M, Laurent MR. Sarcopenia, osteoporosis and frailty. Metabolism 2023; 145:155638. [PMID: 37348597 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Muscles and bones are intricately connected tissues displaying marked co-variation during development, growth, aging, and in many diseases. While the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis are well established in clinical practice, sarcopenia has only been classified internationally as a disease in 2016. Both conditions are associated with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes such as fractures, dysmobility and mortality. Rather than focusing on one dimension of bone or muscle mass or weakness, the concept of musculoskeletal frailty captures the overall loss of physiological reserves in the locomotor system with age. The term osteosarcopenia in particular refers to the double jeopardy of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Muscle-bone interactions at the biomechanical, cellular, paracrine, endocrine, neuronal or nutritional level may contribute to the pathophysiology of osteosarcopenia. The paradigm wherein muscle force controls bone strength is increasingly facing competition from a model centering on the exchange of myokines, osteokines and adipokines. The most promising results have been obtained in preclinical models where common drug targets have been identified to treat these conditions simultaneously. In this narrative review, we critically summarize the current understanding of the definitions, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of osteosarcopenia as part of an integrative approach to musculoskeletal frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Gielen
- Gerontology and Geriatrics Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolan Dupont
- Gerontology and Geriatrics Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marian Dejaeger
- Gerontology and Geriatrics Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michaël R Laurent
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Geriatrics Department, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden, Belgium.
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11
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Cervera-Díaz MDC, López-Gómez JJ, García-Virto V, Aguado-Hernández HJ, De Luis-Román DA. Prevalence of sarcopenia in patients older than 75 years admitted for hip fracture. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2023:S2530-0180(23)00102-6. [PMID: 37301697 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hip fracture in the population aged 75 years and older is one of the most disabling pathologies. Likewise, disease related malnutrition (DRM) and sarcopenia are two frequent diagnoses in this age group, whose prevalence may be increased in patients with hip fracture. AIMS To determine the prevalence of malnutrition and/or sarcopenia in patients admitted for hip fracture and evaluate the existence of malnutrition related to disease and sarcopenia, and the differences between the sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic group. METHODS 186 patients aged 75 years or over, hospitalised for hip fracture from March 2018 to June 2019 were included. Demographic, nutritional and biochemical variables were collected. Nutritional screening was carried out with the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA), the presence of DRM was established with The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. For sarcopenia screening, the Strength, Assistance with walking, Rising from a chair, Climbing stairs and Falls (SARC-F) was used and the diagnosis of sarcopenia was made using the criteria from the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) reviewed in 2019 (EWGSOP2). Muscle strength was determined by hand-grip strength, body composition by measurement of bioelectrical impedance. RESULTS The mean age was 86.2 years, most of the patients were women (81.7%). 37.1% of patients were at nutritional risk (MNA 17-23.5) and 16.7% were malnourished (MNA < 17). 72.4% of women and 79.4% of men, were diagnosed with DRM. 77.6% of the women and 73.5% of the men had low muscle strength. The appendicular muscle mass index was below the cut-off points for sarcopenia in 72.4% of the women and 79.4% of the men. Patients with sarcopenia had a lower body mass index, older age, poorer previous functional status and higher disease burden. The relationship between weight loss and hand grip strength (HGS) was significant (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS 53.8% of patients admitted for hip fracture present malnutrition or are at risk after screening with MNA. Sarcopenia and DRM affects at least three out of four patients older than 75 years admitted for hip fracture. Older age, worse functional status, lower body mass index and high number of comorbidities, are associated with these two entities. There is a relationship between DRM and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan José López-Gómez
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Virginia García-Virto
- Servicio de Traumatología y Ortopedia, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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12
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Trivedi T, Manaa M, John S, Reiken S, Murthy S, Pagnotti GM, Dole NS, She Y, Suresh S, Hain BA, Regan J, Ofer R, Wright L, Robling A, Cao X, Alliston T, Marks AR, Waning DL, Mohammad KS, Guise TA. Zoledronic acid improves bone quality and muscle function in a high bone turnover state. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.01.543305. [PMID: 37333318 PMCID: PMC10274651 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.01.543305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY Zoledronic acid (ZA) prevents muscle weakness in mice with bone metastases; however, its role in muscle weakness in non-tumor-associated metabolic bone diseases and as an effective treatment modality for the prevention of muscle weakness associated with bone disorders, is unknown. We demonstrate the role of ZA-treatment on bone and muscle using a mouse model of accelerated bone remodeling, which represents the clinical manifestation of non-tumor associated metabolic bone disease. ZA increased bone mass and strength and rescued osteocyte lacunocanalicular organization. Short-term ZA treatment increased muscle mass, whereas prolonged, preventive treatment improved muscle mass and function. In these mice, muscle fiber-type shifted from oxidative to glycolytic and ZA restored normal muscle fiber distribution. By blocking TGFβ release from bone, ZA improved muscle function, promoted myoblast differentiation and stabilized Ryanodine Receptor-1 calcium channel. These data demonstrate the beneficial effects of ZA in maintaining bone health and preserving muscle mass and function in a model of metabolic bone disease. Context and significance TGFβ is a bone regulatory molecule which is stored in bone matrix, released during bone remodeling, and must be maintained at an optimal level for the good health of the bone. Excess TGFβ causes several bone disorders and skeletal muscle weakness. Reducing excess TGFβ release from bone using zoledronic acid in mice not only improved bone volume and strength but also increased muscle mass, and muscle function. Progressive muscle weakness coexists with bone disorders, decreasing quality of life and increasing morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is a critical need for treatments improving muscle mass and function in patients with debilitating weakness. Zoledronic acid's benefit extends beyond bone and could also be useful in treating muscle weakness associated with bone disorders.
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13
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Roles of miR-196a and miR-196b in Zebrafish Motor Function. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030554. [PMID: 36979489 PMCID: PMC10046552 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The exertion of motor function depends on various tissues, such as bones and muscles. miR-196 has been widely studied in cancer and other fields, but its effect on bone and skeletal muscle is rarely reported. In order to explore the role of miR-196 family in bone and skeletal muscle, we used the previously successfully constructed miR-196a-1 and miR-196b gene knockout zebrafish animal models for research. Methods: The behavioral trajectories of zebrafish from 4 days post-fertilization (dpf) to 7 dpf were detected to analyze the effect of miR-196a-1 and miR-196b on motor ability. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to detect the dorsal muscle tissue of zebrafish. The bone tissue of zebrafish was detected by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of related genes, including vcp, dpm1, acta1b, mylpfb, col1a1a, bmp8a, gdf6a, and fgfr3. Results: The behavioral test showed that the total behavioral trajectory, movement time, and movement speed of zebrafish larvae were decreased in the miR-196a-1 and miR-196b gene knockout lines. Muscle tissue analysis showed that the structure of muscle fibers in the zebrafish lacking miR-196a-1 and miR-196b was abnormal and was characterized by vacuolar degeneration of muscle fibers, intranuclear migration, melanin deposition, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Bone CT examination revealed decreased bone mineral density and trabecular bone number. The real-time PCR results showed that the expression levels of vcp, dpm1, gdf6a, fgfr3, and col1a1a were decreased in the miR-196b gene knockout group. The expression levels of dpm1, acta1b, mylpfb, gdf6a, and col1a1a were decreased, and the expression level of fgfr3 was increased in the miR-196b gene knockout group compared with the wild-type group. Conclusions: miR-196a-1 and miR-196b play an important role in muscle fiber structure, bone mineral density, and bone trabecular quantity by affecting the expression of vcp, dpm1, acta1b, mylpfb, gdf6a, fgfr3, and col1a1a and then affect the function of the motor system
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14
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Integrating Untargeted and Targeted Metabolomics Coupled with Pathway Analysis Reveals Muscle Disorder in Osteoporosis on Orchiectomized Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062512. [PMID: 36985483 PMCID: PMC10051496 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Most osteoporosis (OP) fracture accidents in men are due not only to a low BMD but also because of unhealthy muscle support. However, there has been a limited number of reports about how muscle metabolism is disturbed by OP in males. In this work, a pathway analysis based on metabolomic research was carried out to fill this gap. A classical orchiectomy procedure was adapted to create an OP animal model. A micro-CT and pathological section were applied for a bone and muscle phenotype assessment and a pathology analysis. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS were applied to measure metabolites in skeletal muscle samples among groups. In total, 31 significantly differential metabolites were detected by comparing healthy models and OP animals, and 7 representative metabolites among the 31 significantly differential metabolites were identified and validated experimentally by UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS (xanthine, L-phenylalanine, choline, hypoxanthine, L-tryptophan, succinic acid, and L-tyrosine). An ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) analysis revealed significantly enriched pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and necrosis. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to investigate early muscle disorder processes in Cases of OP at a metabolic level, facilitating early intervention and protection from OP fractures for aged men.
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15
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Huang H, Ma S, Xing X, Su X, Xu X, Tang Q, Gao X, Yang J, Li M, Liang C, Wu Y, Liao L, Tian W. Muscle-derived extracellular vesicles improve disuse-induced osteoporosis by rebalancing bone formation and bone resorption. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:609-624. [PMID: 36526242 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent skeletal bone disorder worldwide with characteristics of reduced bone mass and increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. It has been predicted to become a global challenge with the aging of the world population. However, the current therapy based on antiresorptive drugs and anabolic drugs has unwanted side effects. Although cell-based treatments have shown therapeutic effects for osteoporosis, there are still some limitations inhibiting the process of clinical application. In the present study, we developed EVs derived from skeletal muscle tissues (Mu-EVs) as a cell-free therapy to treat disuse-induced osteoporosis. Our results showed that Mu-EVs could be prepared easily and abundantly from skeletal muscle tissues, and that these Mu-EVs had typical features of extracellular vesicles. In vitro studies demonstrated that Mu-EVs from normal skeletal muscles could be phagocytized by bone marrow stromal/stem cells (BMSCs) and osteoclasts (OCs), and promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs while inhibited OCs formation. Correspondingly, Mu-EVs from atrophic skeletal muscles attenuated the osteogenesis of BMSCs and strengthened the osteoclastogenesis of monocytes. In vivo experiments revealed that Mu-EVs could efficiently reverse disuse-induced osteoporosis by enhancing bone formation and suppressing bone resorption. Collectively, our results suggest that Mu-EVs may be a potential cell-free therapy for osteoporosis treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent skeletal bone disorder worldwide and has become a global health concern with the aging of the world population. The current treatment for osteoporosis has unwanted side effects. Extracellular veiscles (EVs) from various cell sources are a promising candidate for osteoporosis treatment. In the present study, our team established protocols to isolate EVs from culture supernatant of skeletal muscles (Mu-EVs). Uptake of Mu-EVs by BMSCs and osteoclasts influences the balance of bone remodeling via promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and inhibiting the osteoclasts formation of monocytes. In addition, exogenous Mu-EVs from normal skeletal muscles are proved to reverse the disuse-induced osteoporosis. We provide experimental evidence that Mu-EVs therapy is a potential cell-free platform for osteoporosis treatment towards clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shixing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaotao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaoxia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China..
| | - Xun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qi Tang
- West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, No.21, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Maojiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Cheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yutao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China..
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16
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David K, Narinx N, Antonio L, Evenepoel P, Claessens F, Decallonne B, Vanderschueren D. Bone health in ageing men. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:1173-1208. [PMID: 35841491 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis does not only affect postmenopausal women, but also ageing men. The burden of disease is projected to increase with higher life expectancy both in females and males. Importantly, osteoporotic men remain more often undiagnosed and untreated compared to women. Sex steroid deficiency is associated with bone loss and increased fracture risk, and circulating sex steroid levels have been shown to be associated both with bone mineral density and fracture risk in elderly men. However, in contrast to postmenopausal osteoporosis, the contribution of relatively small decrease of circulating sex steroid concentrations in the ageing male to the development of osteoporosis and related fractures, is probably only minor. In this review we provide several clinical and preclinical arguments in favor of a 'bone threshold' for occurrence of hypogonadal osteoporosis, corresponding to a grade of sex steroid deficiency that in general will not occur in many elderly men. Testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to increase bone mineral density in men, however data in osteoporotic ageing males are scarce, and evidence on fracture risk reduction is lacking. We conclude that testosterone replacement therapy should not be used as a sole bone-specific treatment in osteoporotic elderly men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel David
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, ON1bis box 902, 3000 , Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Narinx
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, ON1bis box 902, 3000 , Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Antonio
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, ON1bis box 902, 3000 , Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Evenepoel
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Decallonne
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, ON1bis box 902, 3000 , Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, ON1bis box 902, 3000 , Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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17
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Ruffilli A, Manzetti M, Cerasoli T, Barile F, Viroli G, Traversari M, Salamanna F, Fini M, Faldini C. Osteopenia and Sarcopenia as Potential Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection after Posterior Lumbar Fusion: A Retrospective Study. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1905. [PMID: 36296182 PMCID: PMC9607357 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical site infection (SSI) is a feared complication in spinal surgery, that leads to lower outcomes and increased healthcare costs. Among its risk factors, sarcopenia and osteopenia have recently attracted particular interest. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the influence of sarcopenia and osteopenia on the postoperative infection rate in patients treated with posterior fusion for degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine. This retrospective study included data from 308 patients. Charts were reviewed and central sarcopenia and osteopenia were evaluated through magnetic resonance images (MRI), measuring the psoas to lumbar vertebral index (PLVI) and the M score. Multivariate linear regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for infection. The postoperative SSI rate was 8.4%. Patients with low PLVI scores were not more likely to experience postoperative SSI (p = 0.68), while low M-score patients were at higher risk of developing SSI (p = 0.04). However, they did not generally show low PLVI values (p = 0.5) and were homogeneously distributed between low and high PLVI (p = 0.6). Multivariate analysis confirmed a low M score to be an independent risk factor for SSI (p = 0.01). Our results suggest that osteopenia could have significant impact on spinal surgery, and prospective studies are needed to better investigate its role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ruffilli
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Manzetti
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tosca Cerasoli
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Barile
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Viroli
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Traversari
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Salamanna
- Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cesare Faldini
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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18
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Mechanical Disturbance of Osteoclasts Induces ATP Release That Leads to Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle through an Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169444. [PMID: 36012713 PMCID: PMC9408906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle and bone are tightly integrated through mechanical and biochemical signals. Osteoclasts are cells mostly related to pathological bone loss; however, they also start physiological bone remodeling. Therefore, osteoclast signals released during bone remodeling could improve both bone and skeletal muscle mass. Extracellular ATP is an autocrine/paracrine signaling molecule released by bone and muscle cells. Then, in the present work, it was hypothesized that ATP is a paracrine mediator released by osteoclasts and leads to skeletal muscle protein synthesis. RAW264.7-derived osteoclasts were co-cultured in Transwell® chambers with flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle isolated from adult BalbC mice. The osteoclasts at the upper chamber were mechanically stimulated by controlled culture medium perturbation, resulting in a two-fold increase in protein synthesis in FDB muscle at the lower chamber. Osteoclasts released ATP to the extracellular medium in response to mechanical stimulation, proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus and partly dependent on the P2X7 receptor. On the other hand, exogenous ATP promoted Akt phosphorylation (S473) in isolated FDB muscle in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. ATP also induced phosphorylation of proteins downstream Akt: mTOR (S2448), p70S6K (T389) and 4E-BP1 (T37/46). Exogenous ATP increased the protein synthesis rate in FDB muscle 2.2-fold; this effect was blocked by Suramin (general P2X/P2Y antagonist), LY294002 (phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase inhibitor) and Rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor). These blockers, as well as apyrase (ATP metabolizing enzyme), also abolished the induction of FDB protein synthesis evoked by mechanical stimulation of osteoclasts in the co-culture model. Therefore, the present findings suggest that mechanically stimulated osteoclasts release ATP, leading to protein synthesis in isolated FDB muscle, by activating the P2-PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. These results open a new area for research and clinical interest in bone-to-muscle crosstalk in adaptive processes related to muscle use/disuse or in musculoskeletal pathologies.
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19
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Ma XY, Liu HM, Lv WQ, Qiu C, Xiao HM, Deng HW. A bi-directional Mendelian randomization study of the sarcopenia-related traits and osteoporosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:5681-5698. [PMID: 35780076 PMCID: PMC9365559 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Both sarcopenia and osteoporosis are common geriatric diseases causing huge socioeconomic burdens, and clinically, they often occur simultaneously. Observational studies have found a controversial correlation between sarcopenia and osteoporosis and their causal relationship is not clear. Therefore, we performed a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the potential causal relationship between sarcopenia-related traits (hand grip strength, lean mass, walking pace) and osteoporosis. Our analysis was performed by applying genetic variants obtained from the UK Biobank and the GEnetic Factors for OSteoporosis (GEFOS) datasets. We used inverse-variance weighted (IVW) and several sensitivity analyses to estimate and cross-validate the potential causal relationship in this study. We found that bone mineral density (BMD) was causally positively associated with left-hand grip strength (β = 0.017, p-value = 0.001), fat-free mass (FFM; right leg FFM, β = 0.014, p-value = 0.003; left arm FFM, β = 0.014, p-value = 0.005), but not walking pace. Higher hand grip strength was potentially causally associated with increased LS-BMD (right-hand grip strength, β = 0.318, p-value = 0.001; left-hand grip strength, β = 0.358, p-value = 3.97 × 10-4). In conclusion, osteoporosis may be a risk factor for sarcopenia-related traits and muscle strength may have a site-specific effect on BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ying Ma
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Qiang Lv
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Qiu
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hong-Mei Xiao
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Cervera-Díaz MDC, López-Gómez JJ, García-Virto V, Aguado-Hernández HJ, De Luis-Román DA. Prevalencia de sarcopenia en pacientes mayores de 75 años ingresados por fractura de cadera. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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The Effect of Resistance Training on Bone Mineral Density in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10061129. [PMID: 35742181 PMCID: PMC9222380 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10061129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance training (RT) has been considered an intervention with effective stimulus on bone mineral formation and is, therefore, recommended to decrease the rate of bone morpho-functional proprieties loss with aging. Thus, this meta-analysis aimed to analyze the effectiveness of RT protocols in promoting changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults. The systematic reviews and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42020170859). The searches were performed in the electronic databases using descriptors according to the PICO strategy. The methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed with the PEDro scale, and the magnitude of the results was determined by Hedges’ g. Seven studies involving 370 elderlies, with the RT planned as a unique exercise mode of intervention, showed designs with four to five exercises for upper- and lower-limbs musculature, two to three sets per exercise, eight to twelve repetitions to failure at 70–90% 1 RM, 60–120 s of rest between sets, and executed three times per week for 12–52 weeks. The RT protocols were classified between good and excellent and evidenced a positive effect on the BMD at the hip (0.64%) and spine (0.62%) but not in the femoral neck (−0.22%) regardless of the intervention length. The narrow range of either positive or negative changes in the BMD after the RT intervention support, at best, a preventive effect against the increasing risk of bone frailty in an older population, which is evident beyond 12 weeks of RT practice engagement.
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22
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Ahmad SS, Ahmad K, Shaikh S, You HJ, Lee EY, Ali S, Lee EJ, Choi I. Molecular Mechanisms and Current Treatment Options for Cancer Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092107. [PMID: 35565236 PMCID: PMC9105812 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The primary characteristics of cancer cachexia are weakness, weight loss, atrophy, fat reduction, and systemic inflammation. Cachexia is strongly associated with cancers involving the lungs, pancreas, esophagus, stomach, and liver, which account for half of all cancer deaths. TGF-β, MSTN, activin, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways are known to underlie muscle atrophy and cachexia. Anamorelin (appetite stimulation), megestrol acetate, eicosapentaenoic acid, phytocannabinoids, targeting MSTN/activin, and molecules targeting proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, are being tested as treatment options for cancer cachexia. Abstract Cancer cachexia is a condition marked by functional, metabolic, and immunological dysfunctions associated with skeletal muscle (SM) atrophy, adipose tissue loss, fat reduction, systemic inflammation, and anorexia. Generally, the condition is caused by a variety of mediators produced by cancer cells and cells in tumor microenvironments. Myostatin and activin signaling, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT signaling, and JAK-STAT signaling are known to play roles in cachexia, and thus, these pathways are considered potential therapeutic targets. This review discusses the current state of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying cachexia and the available therapeutic options and was undertaken to increase understanding of the various factors/pathways/mediators involved and to identify potential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Hye Jin You
- Tumor Microenvironment Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.J.Y.); (E.-Y.L.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyaan 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.J.Y.); (E.-Y.L.)
| | - Shahid Ali
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: (E.J.L.); (I.C.)
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: (E.J.L.); (I.C.)
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23
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Rossini A, Lanzi R, Galeone C, Pelucchi C, Pennacchioni M, Perticone F, Sirtori M, Losa M, Rubinacci A. Bone and body composition analyses by DXA in adults with GH deficiency: effects of long-term replacement therapy. Endocrine 2021; 74:666-675. [PMID: 34331234 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of growth hormone (GH) replacement on bone mass and body composition in adult with GH deficiency (AGHD) are still debated with regard to their persistence in the long term. Moreover, the impact of the gender on the response to GH is controversial. Aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of rhGH replacement on bone mass and body composition in a monocentric cohort of patients with AGHD. METHODS Data from 118 patients with AGHD (34.8 ± 14.4 years, 43 women and 75 men) treated with rhGH for a period of at least 3 years up to a maximum of 10 were retrospectively collected. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, femur, and 1/3 radius, and total and truncular body composition were evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorption (DXA) before and during treatment. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed before and during the treatment period on an annual basis. RESULTS Lumbar spine BMD consistently increased in males, while it decreased in females after a transient improvement observed during the first 4 years of therapy. There were no significant changes in femoral and 1/3 radial BMD in either sexes. Lean mass significantly increased in both sexes, while fat mass only decreased in males. CONCLUSIONS In AGHD patients long-term rhGH replacement therapy induces a positive effect with regard to bone mass and body composition. A sexual dimorphism in the response to treatment is evident, with males displaying a more favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rossini
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Piazza OMS 1, Bergamo, 24127, Italy.
| | - Roberto Lanzi
- Endocrinology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Galeone
- Bicocca Applied Statistics Center (B-ASC), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Claudio Pelucchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Pennacchioni
- AnacletoLab, Department of Computer Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Perticone
- Endocrinology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Sirtori
- Bone Metabolic Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Losa
- Neurosurgery Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rubinacci
- Bone Metabolic Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
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Cameron ME, Underwood PW, Williams IE, George TJ, Judge SM, Yarrow JF, Trevino JG, Judge AR. Osteopenia is associated with wasting in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and predicts survival after surgery. Cancer Med 2021; 11:50-60. [PMID: 34791809 PMCID: PMC8704155 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the deadliest of all common malignancies. Treatment is difficult and often complicated by the presence of cachexia. The clinical portrait of cachexia contributes to the poor prognosis experienced by PDAC patients and worsens therapeutic outcomes. We propose that low bone mineral density is a component of cachexia, which we explore herein through a retrospective review of all patients at our facility that underwent surgery for PDAC between 2011 and 2018 and compared to sex-, age- and comorbidity-matched control individuals. Data were abstracted from the medical record and pre-operative computed tomography scans. Muscle mass and quality were measured at the L3 level and bone mineral density was measured as the radiation attenuation of the lumbar vertebral bodies. Patients with PDAC displayed typical signs of cachexia such as weight loss and radiologically appreciable deterioration of skeletal muscle. Critically, PDAC patients had significantly lower bone mineral density than controls, with 61.2% of PDAC patients categorized as osteopenic compared to 36.8% of controls. PDAC patients classified as osteopenic had significantly reduced survival (1.01 years) compared to patients without osteopenia (2.77 years). The presence of osteopenia was the strongest clinical predictor of 1- and 2-year disease-specific mortality, increasing the risk of death by 107% and 80%, respectively. Osteopenia serves as a test of 2-year mortality with sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 58%. These data therefore identify impaired bone mineral density as a key component of cachexia and predictor of postoperative survival in patients with PDAC. The mechanisms that lead to bone wasting in tumor-bearing hosts deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles E Cameron
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,MD-PhD Training Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas J George
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sarah M Judge
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joshua F Yarrow
- Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jose G Trevino
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrew R Judge
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Keylock L, Felton P, Alway P, Brooke-Wavell K, Peirce N, King M. Lumbar Bone Mineral Adaptation: The Effect of Fast Bowling Technique in Adolescent Cricketers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 54:438-446. [PMID: 34711706 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Localised bone mineral density (BMD) adaptation of the lumbar spine, particularly on the contralateral side to the bowling arm, has been observed in elite male cricket fast bowlers. No study has investigated this in adolescents, or the role of fast bowling technique on lumbar BMD adaptation. This study aims to investigate lumbar BMD adaptation in adolescent cricket fast bowlers, and its relationship with fast bowling technique. METHODS 39 adolescent fast bowlers underwent antero-posterior DXA scan of their lumbar spine. Hip, lumbopelvic and thoracolumbar joint kinematics, and vertical ground reaction kinetics were determined using 3D motion capture and force plates. Significant partial (covariate: fat free mass) and bivariate correlations of the technique parameters with whole lumbar (L1-L4) BMD and BMD asymmetry (L3 and L4) were advanced as candidate variables for multiple stepwise linear regression. RESULTS Adolescent fast bowlers demonstrated high lumbar Z-Scores (+1.0; 95%CI: 0.7 - 1.4) and significantly greater BMD on the contralateral side of L3 (9.0%; 95%CI: 5.8 - 12.1%) and L4 (8.2%; 95%CI: 4.9 - 11.5%). Maximum contralateral thoracolumbar rotation and maximum ipsilateral lumbopelvic rotation in the period between back foot contact (BFC) and ball release (BR), as well as contralateral pelvic drop at front foot contact (FFC), were identified as predictors of L1-L4 BMD, explaining 65% of the variation. Maximum ipsilateral lumbopelvic rotation between BFC and BR, as well as ipsilateral lumbopelvic rotation and contralateral thoracolumbar side flexion at BR, were predictors of lumbar asymmetry within L3 and L4. CONCLUSION Thoracolumbar and lumbopelvic motion are implicated in the aetiology of the unique lumbar bone adaptation observed in fast bowlers whereas vertical ground reaction force, independent of body mass, was not. This may further implicate the osteogenic potential of torsional rather than impact loading in exercise-induced adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Keylock
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom Department of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom National Cricket Performance Centre, England and Wales Cricket Board, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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26
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Brunetti G, D'Amato G, De Santis S, Grano M, Faienza MF. Mechanisms of altered bone remodeling in children with type 1 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:997-1009. [PMID: 34326950 PMCID: PMC8311475 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i7.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone loss associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) begins at the onset of the disease, already in childhood, determining a lower bone mass peak and hence a greater risk of osteoporosis and fractures later in life. The mechanisms underlying diabetic bone fragility are not yet completely understood. Hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency can affect the bone cells functions, as well as the bone marrow fat, thus impairing the bone strength, geometry, and microarchitecture. Several factors, like insulin and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1, can control bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell commitment, and the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand/osteoprotegerin and Wnt-b catenin pathways can impair bone turnover. Some myokines may have a key role in regulating metabolic control and improving bone mass in T1DM subjects. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying altered bone remodeling in children affected by T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University "A. Moro" of Bari, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Gabriele D'Amato
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, ASL Bari, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Di Venere Hospital, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Stefania De Santis
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Univ Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pediatric Unit, University "A.Moro", Bari 70124, Italy
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27
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Abe K, Furukawa K, Okamoto T, Matsumoto M, Futagawa Y, Haruki K, Shirai Y, Ikegami T. Impact of osteopenia on surgical and oncological outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2021; 26:1929-1937. [PMID: 34232427 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-01986-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteopenia, which is defined as a decrease in bone mineral density, has been recently recognized as a metabolic and an oncological biomarker for surgery in patients with malignancy. We aimed to study the prognostic impact of osteopenia in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) after resection. METHODS A total of 56 patients who underwent curative resection of PC were retrospectively investigated. The skeletal muscle index at the third lumbar spine and bone mineral density at the 11th thoracic vertebra were measured using computed tomography. RESULTS Sarcopenia and osteopenia were identified in 24 (43%) and 27 (48%) patients, respectively. The overall and disease-free survival rates were significantly lower in the sarcopenia group than in the non-sarcopenia group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively) and in the osteopenia group than in the non-osteopenia group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively). In multivariate analysis, sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR] 4.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-13.38; p = 0.02) was a significant independent predictor of 1-year disease-free survival. Further, sarcopenia (OR 6.00; 95% CI 1.46-24.6; p = 0.01) and osteopenia (OR 4.66; 95% CI 1.15-18.82; p = 0.03) were significant independent predictors of 2-year overall survival. CONCLUSION Osteopenia is a significant negative factor for 2-year overall survival after curative resection of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Abe
- Department of Surgery, Jikei Daisan Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenei Furukawa
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Mishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | | | | | | | - Koichiro Haruki
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Mishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shirai
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Mishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Toru Ikegami
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Mishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
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Gualano B, Kirwan JP, Roschel H. Exercise Is Key to Sustaining Metabolic Gains After Bariatric Surgery. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2021; 49:197-204. [PMID: 34112745 PMCID: PMC8588125 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which the benefits of bariatric surgery may be maintained by lifestyle changes after surgery is unclear. Our hypothesis is that exercise may sustain some metabolic benefits and counteract some of the adverse effects of surgery. In this review, we present findings supporting the proposition that exercise is key to improving overall health in patients after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR, University of Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - John P. Kirwan
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR, University of Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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29
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Mathieu M, Guillot P, Riaudel T, Boureau AS, Chapelet G, Brouessard C, de Decker L, Berrut G. Association between Bone Mineral Density and Fat Mass Independent of Lean Mass and Physical Activity in Women Aged 75 or Older. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061994. [PMID: 34200558 PMCID: PMC8228951 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are frequent pathologies among the geriatric population. The interlink between these two diseases is supported by their common pathophysiology. The aim is to explore the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in women aged 75 or older. (2) From January 2016 to December 2019, women aged 75 or older of Caucasian ethnicity, who were addressed to perform a biphoton absorptiometry (DXA), were included in this observational study. Femoral neck T-score, lean mass, fat mass, and physical performances were measured. (3) The mean age of 101 patients included was 84.8 (±4.9) years old. Osteoporosis was present in 72% of patients. According to EWGSOP criteria, 37% of patients were sarcopenic. Osteosarcopenia was present in 34% of patients. The femoral neck T-score was significantly associated with fat mass (β = 0.02, 95% CI (0.01; 0.03), p < 0.05) in multivariable analysis. Osteosarcopenic patients had significantly lower fat mass (16.2 kg (±6.8) vs. 23.1 kg (±10.8), p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (20.7 kg/m2 (±2.8) vs. 26.7 kg/m2 (±5.6), p < 0.001). (4) In postmenopausal women, fat mass is estimated to provide hormonal protection. While osteosarcopenia is described as a lipotoxic disease, fat mass and BMI would appear to protect against the risk of osteosarcopenia. This raises questions about the relevance of BMI and DXA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Mathieu
- Department of Geriatrics, Nantes University Hospital, 44093 Nantes, France; (T.R.); (A.-S.B.); (G.C.); (C.B.); (L.d.D.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pascale Guillot
- Department of Rheumatology, Nantes University Hospital, 44093 Nantes, France;
| | - Typhaine Riaudel
- Department of Geriatrics, Nantes University Hospital, 44093 Nantes, France; (T.R.); (A.-S.B.); (G.C.); (C.B.); (L.d.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Anne-Sophie Boureau
- Department of Geriatrics, Nantes University Hospital, 44093 Nantes, France; (T.R.); (A.-S.B.); (G.C.); (C.B.); (L.d.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Guillaume Chapelet
- Department of Geriatrics, Nantes University Hospital, 44093 Nantes, France; (T.R.); (A.-S.B.); (G.C.); (C.B.); (L.d.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Céline Brouessard
- Department of Geriatrics, Nantes University Hospital, 44093 Nantes, France; (T.R.); (A.-S.B.); (G.C.); (C.B.); (L.d.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Laure de Decker
- Department of Geriatrics, Nantes University Hospital, 44093 Nantes, France; (T.R.); (A.-S.B.); (G.C.); (C.B.); (L.d.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Gilles Berrut
- Department of Geriatrics, Nantes University Hospital, 44093 Nantes, France; (T.R.); (A.-S.B.); (G.C.); (C.B.); (L.d.D.); (G.B.)
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30
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Suominen TH, Alén M, Törmäkangas T, Degens H, Rittweger J, Heinonen A, Suominen H, Korhonen MT. Regular Strength and Sprint Training Counteracts Bone Aging: A 10-Year Follow-Up in Male Masters Athletes. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10513. [PMID: 34258508 PMCID: PMC8260815 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-sectional and interventional studies suggest that high-intensity strength and impact-type training provide a powerful osteogenic stimulus even in old age. However, longitudinal evidence on the ability of high-intensity training to attenuate age-related bone deterioration is currently lacking. This follow-up study assessed the role of continued strength and sprint training on bone aging in 40- to 85-year-old male sprinters (n = 69) with a long-term training background. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT)-derived bone structural, strength, and densitometric parameters of the distal tibia and tibia midshaft were assessed at baseline and 10 years later. The groups of well-trained (actively competing, sprint training including strength training ≥2 times/week; n = 36) and less-trained (<2 times/week, no strength training, switched to endurance training; n = 33) athletes were formed according to self-reports at follow-up. Longitudinal changes in bone traits in the two groups were examined using linear mixed models. Over the 10-year period, group-by-time interactions were found for distal tibia total bone mineral content (BMC), trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and compressive strength index, and for mid-tibia cortical cross-sectional area, medullary area, total BMC, and BMC at the anterior and posterior sites (polar mass distribution analysis) (p < 0.05). These interactions reflected maintained (distal tibia) or improved (mid-tibia) bone properties in the well-trained and decreased bone properties in the less-trained athletes over the 10-year period. Depending on the bone variable, the difference in change in favor of the well-trained group ranged from 2% to 5%. The greatest differences were found in distal tibia trabecular vBMD and mid-tibia posterior BMC, which remained significant (p < 0.05) after adjustment for multiple testing. In conclusion, our longitudinal findings indicate that continued strength and sprint training is associated with maintained or even improved tibial properties in middle-aged and older male sprint athletes, suggesting that regular, intensive exercise counteracts bone aging. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli H Suominen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Markku Alén
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Oulu University Hospital and Center for Life Course Health Research University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Timo Törmäkangas
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science, and Sports Medicine Research Centre Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK.,Institute of Sport Science and Innovations Lithuanian Sports University Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine German Aerospace Center (DLR) Cologne Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Ari Heinonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Harri Suominen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Marko T Korhonen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
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31
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Perez-Villa F, Lafage-Proust MH, Gielen E, Ortiz A, Spasovski G, Argilés À. The renal patient seen by non-renal physicians: the kidney embedded in the 'milieu intérieur'. Clin Kidney J 2021; 14:1077-1087. [PMID: 34094517 PMCID: PMC8173597 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is defined as a decrease in renal function or evidence of kidney injury for >3 months. This represents an oversimplification that may confuse physicians. Thus kidney function is equated to glomerular filtration rate, which represents one of multiple kidney functions. Some potentially more important renal functions are lost earlier, such as the production for the anti-ageing factor Klotho. Overall, these changes modify the emergent properties of the body, altering the relationships between different organs and systems, in a manner that is difficult to predict the response to interventions based on normal physiology concepts, as there is a novel steady state of interorgan relations. In this regard we now discuss the impact of CKD on heart failure; osteomuscular and joint pain and bone fragility and fractures; and osteosarcopaenia as seen by a cardiologist, a rheumatologist and a geriatrician.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eveline Gielen
- Department of Geriatrics and Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Departamento de Nefrologia e Hipertensión, Laura BaderInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la-Fundación Jimenez Diaz Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Goce Spasovski
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Àngel Argilés
- RD-Néphrologie, Montpellier, France
- Bio-Communication Cardio-Métabolique EA7288, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Néphrologie Dialyse St Guilhem, Sète, France
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32
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Omosule CL, Phillips CL. Deciphering Myostatin's Regulatory, Metabolic, and Developmental Influence in Skeletal Diseases. Front Genet 2021; 12:662908. [PMID: 33854530 PMCID: PMC8039523 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.662908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research findings in humans and other mammalian and non-mammalian species support the potent regulatory role of myostatin in the morphology and function of muscle as well as cellular differentiation and metabolism, with real-life implications in agricultural meat production and human disease. Myostatin null mice (mstn−/−) exhibit skeletal muscle fiber hyperplasia and hypertrophy whereas myostatin deficiency in larger mammals like sheep and pigs engender muscle fiber hyperplasia. Myostatin’s impact extends beyond muscles, with alterations in myostatin present in the pathophysiology of myocardial infarctions, inflammation, insulin resistance, diabetes, aging, cancer cachexia, and musculoskeletal disease. In this review, we explore myostatin’s role in skeletal integrity and bone cell biology either due to direct biochemical signaling or indirect mechanisms of mechanotransduction. In vitro, myostatin inhibits osteoblast differentiation and stimulates osteoclast activity in a dose-dependent manner. Mice deficient in myostatin also have decreased osteoclast numbers, increased cortical thickness, cortical tissue mineral density in the tibia, and increased vertebral bone mineral density. Further, we explore the implications of these biochemical and biomechanical influences of myostatin signaling in the pathophysiology of human disorders that involve musculoskeletal degeneration. The pharmacological inhibition of myostatin directly or via decoy receptors has revealed improvements in muscle and bone properties in mouse models of osteogenesis imperfecta, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and diabetes. However, recent disappointing clinical trial outcomes of induced myostatin inhibition in diseases with significant neuromuscular wasting and atrophy reiterate complexity and further need for exploration of the translational application of myostatin inhibition in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Omosule
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Charlotte L Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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33
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Shanazari Z, Hemati Farsani Z, Faramarzi M, Banitalebi E. MyomiR-OsteomiR crosstalk induced by different modes and intensities of exercise training and its role in controlling osteogenic differentiation in old male Wistar rats. Exp Gerontol 2021; 149:111305. [PMID: 33713736 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The crosstalk between skeletal muscles and other tissues such as bones is typically established via the secretion of myokines and myomiRs induced by exercise training (ET). The present study aimed at evaluating the relationship between changes made by different ET modes and intensities in myomiRs, osteomiRs, and other myogenic and osteogenic biomarkers in old male Wistar rats. To this end, a total number of 50 old (23 months of age) male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups, namely, moderate-intensity endurance training (MIET), high-intensity endurance training (HIET), moderate-intensity resistance training (MIRT), high-intensity resistance training (HIRT), and control (CON), each one comprised of 10 subjects. The study findings revealed positive correlations between myomiRs (i.e., miR-1) and myomiR-204a (r = 0.725; p = 0.042), myomiR-1, and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) osteogenic marker (r = 0.869; p = 0.025) in the HIET group, myomiR-206 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) (r = 0.908; p = 0.012) in the MIRT group, myomiR-133a and osteomiR-133a (r = 0.971; p = 0.005) in the MIET group, myomiR-133a and osteomiR-204a in the MIRT group (r = 0.971; p = 0.004), and myomiR-133a and RUNX2 gene expression in the HIET group (r = 0.861; p = 0.027). It was concluded that myomiRs involved in myoblast-osteoblast differentiation might not alone regulate the myogenic and osteogenic targets in response to different modes and intensities of ET treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Shanazari
- Department of Sport Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Faramarzi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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34
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The muscle to bone axis (and viceversa): An encrypted language affecting tissues and organs and yet to be codified? Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105427. [PMID: 33453372 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles and bone tissue form the musculoskeletal apparatus, a complex system essential for the voluntary movement. The loss of muscle mass and muscle strength is often associated with a loss of bone mass, in a "hazardous duet" which implies the co-existence of sarcopenia-osteoporosis and exposes patients to a deterioration in quality of life and increased mortality. From the mechanostat theory to the recent definition of the osteosarcopenia syndrome, many aspects of muscle-bone interaction have been investigated in recent decades. The mechanical interaction is now accepted, considering the close anatomical relationship between the two tissues, however, much remains to be discovered regarding the biochemical muscle-bone interaction. Skeletal muscle has been defined as an endocrine organ capable of exerting an action on other tissues. Myokines, bioactive polypeptides released by the muscle, could represent the encrypted message in the communication between muscle and bone. These two tissues have a reciprocal influence on their metabolisms and respond in a similar way to the multiple external factors. The aim of this review is to stimulate the understanding of the encrypted language between muscle and bone, highlighting the role of catabolic pathways and oxidative stress in the musculoskeletal apparatus to elucidate the shared mechanisms and the similarity of response to the same stimuli by different tissues. Our understanding of muscle-bone interactions it could be useful to identify and develop new strategies to treat musculoskeletal diseases, together with pharmacological, nutritional and exercise-based approaches, which are already in use for the treatment of these pathologies.
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35
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Gater DR, Farkas GJ, Tiozzo E. Pathophysiology of Neurogenic Obesity After Spinal Cord Injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2021; 27:1-10. [PMID: 33814879 PMCID: PMC7983633 DOI: 10.46292/sci20-00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI) have a unique physiology characterized by sarcopenia, neurogenic osteoporosis, neurogenic anabolic deficiency, sympathetic dysfunction, and blunted satiety associated with their SCI, all of which alter energy balance and subsequently body composition. The distinct properties of "neurogenic obesity" place this population at great risk for metabolic dysfunction, including systemic inflammation, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the relationship between neurogenic obesity and the metabolic syndrome after SCI, highlighting the mechanisms associated with adipose tissue pathology and those respective comorbidities. Additionally, representative studies of persons with SCI will be provided to elucidate the severity of the problem and to prompt greater vigilance among SCI specialists as well as primary care providers in order to better manage the epidemic from a public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Gater
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Gary J. Farkas
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Eduard Tiozzo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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36
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Total vs. Bioavailable: Determining a Better 25(OH)D Index in Association with Bone Density and Muscle Mass in Postmenopausal Women. Metabolites 2020; 11:metabo11010023. [PMID: 33396337 PMCID: PMC7824471 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The concurrent presence of low bone density (osteopenia/osteoporosis) and low muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older adults has led to the recognition of “osteosarcopenia” (OS) as a singular entity. Vitamin D may play important role in the manifestation of OS, in terms of intake, absorption, and bioavailability. Evidence suggests that bioavailable 25(OH)D may be a better indicator of Vitamin D compared to total 25(OH)D due to its weak bind to albumin, increasing its ‘availability’. The aim of this study was to assess total and bioavailable 25(OH)D levels in postmenopausal women and to determine their associations to bone density and muscle mass. We assessed body composition, bone density, and 25(OH)D indices of multiethnic, postmenopausal Malaysian women. A significant and negative correlation was found between body fat % and each index of 25(OH)D. Both bioavailable and total 25(OH)D were positively correlated with serum calcium and negatively correlated with iPTH(intact parathyroid hormone). VDBP(Vitamin D binding protein) level was significantly correlated with bioavailable 25(OH)D level, but not with the total 25(OH)D level. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that bioavailable, but not total, 25(OH)D was significantly correlated to bone density and muscle mass, (where stronger correlation was found with bone density), suggesting its superiority. Nevertheless, the low effect size warrants further studies.
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Monteverdi S, Pedersini R, Gallo F, Maffezzoni F, Dalla Volta A, Di Mauro P, Turla A, Vassalli L, Ardine M, Formenti AM, Simoncini EL, Giustina A, Maroldi R, Amoroso V, Berruti A. The Interaction of Lean Body Mass With Fat Body Mass Is Associated With Vertebral Fracture Prevalence in Women With Early Breast Cancer Undergoing Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy. JBMR Plus 2020; 5:e10440. [PMID: 33615109 PMCID: PMC7872339 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) induce depletion of estrogen levels, causing bone loss and increased fracture risk in women with breast cancer. High‐fat body mass (FBM) emerged as an independent factor associated with the prevalence of morphometric vertebral fractures (VFs) in patients undergoing AIs. We explored the role of lean body mass (LBM) and the interaction of LBM with FBM in predicting the occurrence of VFs in postmenopausal women who were either AI‐naïve or AI‐treated. A total of 684 consecutive breast cancer patients were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Each woman underwent a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, measuring bone mineral density (BMD), LBM, and FBM; VFs were assessed using a quantitative morphometric analysis of DXA images. After propensity score matching, the study population was restricted to 480 women, 240 AI‐naïve and 240 AI‐treated. We used multivariable logistic regression models to explore the associations between baseline characteristics, VF prevalence and the interaction between LBM, FBM and AI therapy. No interaction between LBM and AI therapy on VF prevalence was shown. Conversely, we reported a significant interaction between LBM, FBM and AI therapy (p = .0311). Among AI‐treated women having LBM below and FBM above or equal the median value, VF prevalence was numerically higher (15/31; 48.4%) than in other subgroups (VF prevalence: 35.7% in high‐LBM and low‐FBM group, 23.2% in high‐LBM and high‐FBM group, and 19.8% in low‐LBM and low‐FBM group). Among AI‐naïve women, the greatest VF proportion was observed in the subgroup with LBM and FBM below median value (25/92; 27.2%). This study suggests a synergism between LBM and FBM in predicting the morphometric VF in women with early breast cancer undergoing AIs. This observation is new and deserves further investigation. The assessment of body composition by DXA might be useful when estimating fracture risk in this population. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Monteverdi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology University of Brescia, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriali (ASST) Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
| | - Rebecca Pedersini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology University of Brescia, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriali (ASST) Spedali Civili Brescia Italy.,Breast Unit ASST-Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
| | - Fabio Gallo
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa Italy
| | - Filippo Maffezzoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Radiology University of Brescia, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriali (ASST) Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
| | - Alberto Dalla Volta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology University of Brescia, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriali (ASST) Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
| | - Pierluigi Di Mauro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology University of Brescia, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriali (ASST) Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
| | - Antonella Turla
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology University of Brescia, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriali (ASST) Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
| | - Lucia Vassalli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology University of Brescia, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriali (ASST) Spedali Civili Brescia Italy.,Breast Unit ASST-Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
| | - Mara Ardine
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology University of Brescia, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriali (ASST) Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
| | - Anna Maria Formenti
- Department of Endocrinology, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University and Division of Endocrinology San Raffaele Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Hospital Milan Italy
| | | | - Andrea Giustina
- Department of Endocrinology, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University and Division of Endocrinology San Raffaele Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Hospital Milan Italy
| | - Roberto Maroldi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Radiology University of Brescia, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriali (ASST) Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
| | - Vito Amoroso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology University of Brescia, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriali (ASST) Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology University of Brescia, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriali (ASST) Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
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38
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Association between forearm cortical bone properties and handgrip strength in women with distal radius fractures: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243294. [PMID: 33270744 PMCID: PMC7714147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mechanical and biochemical bone properties are influenced by muscles. However, the muscle-bone interaction has not been fully elucidated regarding the upper extremities. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the mechanical muscle-bone interaction at the forearm by evaluating the relationship between the properties of three-dimensional (3D) forearm cortical bone models derived from conventional computed tomography (CT) images and handgrip strength (HGS). METHODS A total of 108 women (mean age, 75.2 ± 9.4 years; range, 62-101 years) with a distal radius fracture who took conventional CT scans for the assessment of the fracture were included in this study. Distal radius 3D models were reconstructed and the average cortical bone density (Cd) and thickness (Ct) of the region of interest (ROI), which might be affected by the forearm flexor muscles, were calculated using a 3D modeling software. Clinical parameters including HGS, lumbar and hip bone mineral densities (BMDs), and other demographic factors were also obtained. A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to identify relevant factors associated with HGS. RESULTS HGS was found to be independently associated with height and Cd, but no significant difference was found between HGS and Ct, age, weight, as well as lumber and hip BMDs. CONCLUSIONS Cortical bone density might be associated with HGS, which is generated by the forearm flexor muscles. Hence, the mechanical muscle-bone interaction in the upper extremities could be supported by the present study.
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Rice SA, Ten Have GAM, Reisz JA, Gehrke S, Stefanoni D, Frare C, Barati Z, Coker RH, D'Alessandro A, Deutz NEP, Drew KL. Nitrogen recycling buffers against ammonia toxicity from skeletal muscle breakdown in hibernating arctic ground squirrels. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1459-1471. [PMID: 33288952 PMCID: PMC7744440 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hibernation is a state of extraordinary metabolic plasticity. The pathways of amino acid metabolism as they relate to nitrogen homeostasis in hibernating mammals in vivo are unknown. Here we show, using pulse isotopic tracing, evidence of increased myofibrillar (skeletal muscle) protein breakdown and suppressed whole-body production of metabolites in vivo throughout deep torpor. As whole-body production of metabolites is suppressed, amino acids with nitrogenous side chains accumulate during torpor, while urea cycle intermediates do not. Using 15N stable isotope methodology in arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii), we provide evidence that free nitrogen is buffered and recycled into essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and the gamma-glutamyl system during the inter-bout arousal period of hibernation. In the absence of nutrient intake or physical activity, our data illustrate the orchestration of metabolic pathways that sustain the provision of essential and non-essential amino acids and prevent ammonia toxicity during hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Gabriella A M Ten Have
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sarah Gehrke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Davide Stefanoni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carla Frare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Zeinab Barati
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Robert H Coker
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kelly L Drew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
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40
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Fisher L, Fisher A, Smith PN. Helicobacter pylori Related Diseases and Osteoporotic Fractures (Narrative Review). J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3253. [PMID: 33053671 PMCID: PMC7600664 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) and osteoporotic fractures (OFs) are common multifactorial and heterogenic disorders of increasing incidence. Helicobacter pylori (H.p.) colonizes the stomach approximately in half of the world's population, causes gastroduodenal diseases and is prevalent in numerous extra-digestive diseases known to be associated with OP/OF. The studies regarding relationship between H.p. infection (HPI) and OP/OFs are inconsistent. The current review summarizes the relevant literature on the potential role of HPI in OP, falls and OFs and highlights the reasons for controversies in the publications. In the first section, after a brief overview of HPI biological features, we analyze the studies evaluating the association of HPI and bone status. The second part includes data on the prevalence of OP/OFs in HPI-induced gastroduodenal diseases (peptic ulcer, chronic/atrophic gastritis and cancer) and the effects of acid-suppressive drugs. In the next section, we discuss the possible contribution of HPI-associated extra-digestive diseases and medications to OP/OF, focusing on conditions affecting both bone homeostasis and predisposing to falls. In the last section, we describe clinical implications of accumulated data on HPI as a co-factor of OP/OF and present a feasible five-step algorithm for OP/OF risk assessment and management in regard to HPI, emphasizing the importance of an integrative (but differentiated) holistic approach. Increased awareness about the consequences of HPI linked to OP/OF can aid early detection and management. Further research on the HPI-OP/OF relationship is needed to close current knowledge gaps and improve clinical management of both OP/OF and HPI-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Fisher
- Department of Gastroenterology, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, Melbourne 3199, Australia
| | - Alexander Fisher
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Canberra Hospital, ACT Health, Canberra 2605, Australia;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Canberra Hospital, ACT Health, Canberra 2605, Australia;
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra 2605, Australia
| | - Paul N Smith
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Canberra Hospital, ACT Health, Canberra 2605, Australia;
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra 2605, Australia
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Carina V, Della Bella E, Costa V, Bellavia D, Veronesi F, Cepollaro S, Fini M, Giavaresi G. Bone's Response to Mechanical Loading in Aging and Osteoporosis: Molecular Mechanisms. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 107:301-318. [PMID: 32710266 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is pivotal in the maintenance of homeostasis in different tissues and involves multiple cell signaling pathways. In bone, mechanical stimuli regulate the balance between bone formation and resorption; osteocytes play a central role in this regulation. Dysfunctions in mechanotransduction signaling or in osteocytes response lead to an imbalance in bone homeostasis. This alteration is very relevant in some conditions such as osteoporosis and aging. Both are characterized by increased bone weakness due to different causes, for example, the increase of osteocyte apoptosis that cause an alteration of fluid space, or the alteration of molecular pathways. There are intertwined yet very different mechanisms involved among the cell-intrinsic effects of aging on bone, the cell-intrinsic and tissue-level effects of estrogen/androgen withdrawal on bone, and the effects of reduced mechanical loading on bone, which are all involved to some degree in how aged bone fails to respond properly to stress/strain compared to younger bone. This review aims at clarifying how the cellular and molecular pathways regulated and induced in bone by mechanical stimulation are altered with aging and in osteoporosis, to highlight new possible targets for antiresorptive or anabolic bone therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Carina
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Viviana Costa
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Bellavia
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Veronesi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Cepollaro
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
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Frisoli A, Paes AT, Borges J, Ingham SM, Cartocci MM, Lima E, de Camargo Carvalho AC. The association between low lean mass and osteoporosis increases the risk of weakness, poor physical performance and frailty in Brazilian older adults: data from SARCOS study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 75:446-455. [PMID: 32948866 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00753-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the phenotypes of older adults with low lean mass and osteoporosis, concomitantly or isolated, in regards to poor physical performance and frailty status. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of the SARCopenia and OSteoporosis in Older Adults with Cardiovascular Diseases Study (SARCOS). SETTING Outpatient geriatric cardiology clinic. PARTICIPANTS AND METHOD 385 older adults underwent DXA analysis. Low lean mass was diagnosed according to FNIH and low BMD by a T-score ≤ -2.5 SD. Subjects were grouped into: I-Low lean mass and Osteoporosis (LLMO); II-Low lean mass (LLM); III-Osteoporosis (OP), and IV-Controls. Poor physical performance was diagnosed by weakness or slow walking speed or impaired mobility. Frailty was diagnosed by CHS criteria. RESULTS The mean age was 78.22 ± 7.16 years. The prevalence of LLMO, LLM, and OP were 14.8%, 39.5%, and 19.2%, respectively. LLMO subjects were older, predominantly women, with a high percentage of body fat (HTBF). LLM was represented by obese men, while individuals with OP were preferably women, older and leaner. In a regression analyses, LLMO presented an OR: 6.42 (2.63‒15.65; p < 0.001) for weakness, OR: 2.55 (1.09‒5.95; p = 0.030) for impaired mobility, and OR: 14.75 (2.72‒79.94; p = 0.002) for frailty. After adjusting for HTBF, the OR for frailty, decreased to 7.25 (1.11-47.21; p = 0.038). LLM and OP were associated only with weakness with an OR: 3.06 (1.36-6.84; p = 0.006) and OR: 3.14 (1.29-7.62; p = 0.011), respectively. CONCLUSION In Brazilian older community-dwelling outpatient adults, the phenotype characterized by low lean mass and osteoporosis presents a higher association with impaired mobility, weakness and frailty status compared to the others phenotyeps and controls. A high percentage of body fat presents a synergistic effect with low lean mass and osteoporosis phenotype in regards to frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Frisoli
- Geriatric Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Elderly Vulnerability Disease Research Group-Cardiology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Jairo Borges
- Geriatric Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Elderly Vulnerability Disease Research Group-Cardiology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sheila McNeill Ingham
- Elderly Vulnerability Disease Research Group-Cardiology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Maria Cartocci
- Geriatric Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliene Lima
- Geriatric Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Umit EG, Korkmaz U, Baysal M, Karaman Gulsaran S, Bas V, Demirci U, Onur Kirkizlar H, Durmus Altun G, Muzaffer Demir A. Evaluation of Sarcopenia with F-18 FDG PET/CT and relation with disease outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2020; 29:e13318. [PMID: 32888349 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple myeloma (MM) is a potentially incurable haematological malignancy with devastating manifestations including lytic bone lesions leading to fractures and renal insufficiency. As a disease of patients with a mean age of 66 years, both the disease and the continuous efforts of treatments lead to frailty and devastation. From this stand point, we aimed to evaluate the development of muscle loss in MM patients and also with a new method of sarcopenia evaluation, F-18 FDG PET/CT. While used for bone disease routinely, this method brings a fresh perspective of metabolic quantitation of alteration of muscles which may be regarded as muscle quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data and images of 105 patients with MM both before and after treatment were evaluated in a retrospective manner. RESULTS Both female and male patients were observed to be effected after MM treatment in terms of lumbar and femoral muscle evaluations with CT. Metabolic evaluations confirmed a loss of quality in muscles in terms of metabolic volume and total lesion glycolysis. CONCLUSION Sarcopenia should be evaluated in every patient and regarded as a treatment target. FDG PET/CT is an easy and handy tool to assess muscle mass and quality as well as MM disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif G Umit
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ulku Korkmaz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Baysal
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | | | - Volkan Bas
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Demirci
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Hakki Onur Kirkizlar
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Gulay Durmus Altun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Muzaffer Demir
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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Kemmler W, Kohl M, Fröhlich M, Jakob F, Engelke K, von Stengel S, Schoene D. Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training on Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Parameters in Older Men with Osteosarcopenia-One-Year Results of the Randomized Controlled Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST). J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1634-1644. [PMID: 32270891 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic resistance exercise (DRT) might be the most promising agent for fighting sarcopenia in older people. However, the positive effect of DRT on osteopenia/osteoporosis in men has still to be confirmed. To evaluate the effect of low-volume/high-intensity (HIT)-DRT on bone mineral density (BMD) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) in men with osteosarcopenia, we initiated the Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST). Forty-three sedentary community-dwelling older men (aged 73 to 91 years) with osteopenia/osteoporosis and SMI-based sarcopenia were randomly assigned to a HIT-RT exercise group (EG; n = 21) or a control group (CG; n = 22). HIT-RT provided a progressive, periodized single-set DRT on machines with high intensity, effort, and velocity twice a week, while CG maintained their lifestyle. Both groups were adequately supplemented with whey protein, vitamin D, and calcium. Primary study endpoint was integral lumbar spine (LS) BMD as determined by quantitative computed tomography. Core secondary study endpoint was SMI as determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Additional study endpoints were BMD at the total hip and maximum isokinetic hip-/leg-extensor strength (leg press). After 12 months of exercise, LS-BMD was maintained in the EG and decreased significantly in the CG, resulting in significant between-group differences (p < 0.001; standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.90). In parallel, SMI increased significantly in the EG and decreased significantly in the CG (p < 0.001; SMD = 1.95). Total hip BMD changes did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.064; SMD = 0.65), whereas changes in maximum hip-/leg-extensor strength were much more prominent (p < 0.001; SMD = 1.92) in the EG. Considering dropout (n = 2), attendance rate (95%), and unintended side effects/injuries (n = 0), we believe our HIT-RT protocol to be feasible, attractive, and safe. In summary, we conclude that our combined low-threshold HIT-RT/protein/vitamin D/calcium intervention was feasible, safe, and effective for tackling sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis in older men with osteosarcopenia. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Faculty Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Michael Fröhlich
- Department of Sports Science, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Engelke
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Schoene
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Kemmler W, Kohl M, Jakob F, Engelke K, von Stengel S. Effects of High Intensity Dynamic Resistance Exercise and Whey Protein Supplements on Osteosarcopenia in Older Men with Low Bone and Muscle Mass. Final Results of the Randomized Controlled FrOST Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2341. [PMID: 32764397 PMCID: PMC7468852 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of high intensity dynamic resistance exercise (HIT-DRT) and whey protein supplementation (WPS) on bone mineral density (BMD) and sarcopenia parameters in osteosarcopenic men. Men ≥ 72 years with osteosarcopenia (n = 43) were randomly assigned to a HIT-RT (HIT-RT: n = 21) or a non-training control group (n = 22). Supervised HIT-RT twice/week was applied for 18 months, while the control group maintained their habitual lifestyle. Supplying WPS, total protein intake amounted to 1.5-1.6 (HIT-RT) and 1.2 g/kg/body mass/d (control). Both groups were supplied with calcium and vitamin D. Primary study outcomes were BMD and the sarcopenia Z-score. After adjusting for multiplicity, we observed significant positive effects for sarcopenia Z-score (standardized mean difference (SMD): 1.40), BMD at lumbar spine (SMD: 0.72) and total hip (SMD: 0.72). In detail, effect sizes for skeletal muscle mass changes were very pronounced (1.97, p < 0.001), while effects for functional sarcopenia parameters were moderate (0.87, p = 0.008; handgrip strength) or low (0.39, p = 0.209; gait velocity). Apart from one man who reported short periods of temporary worsening of existing joint pain, no HIT-RT/WPS-related adverse effects or injuries were reported. We consider HIT-RT supported by whey protein supplementation as a feasible, attractive, safe and highly effective option to fight osteosarcopenia in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91053 Erlangen, Germany; (K.E.); (S.v.S.)
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Faculty Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen, Neckarstrasse 1, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany;
| | - Franz Jakob
- Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, University of Würzburg, Brettreichstrasse 11, 97074 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Klaus Engelke
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91053 Erlangen, Germany; (K.E.); (S.v.S.)
- Department of Medicine III, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91053 Erlangen, Germany; (K.E.); (S.v.S.)
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Invernizzi M, de Sire A, Carda S, Venetis K, Renò F, Cisari C, Fusco N. Bone Muscle Crosstalk in Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathophysiology and Implications for Patients' Quality of Life. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2020; 18:422-431. [PMID: 32519284 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-020-00601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of (i) bone and muscle tissue modifications pathophysiology in spinal cord injury (SCI), (ii) experimental data on the physiopathological mechanisms underpinning these modifications and their similarities with the aging process, and (iii) potential clinical implications in the management of the disabling sequelae of SCI. RECENT FINDINGS Several studies attempted to describe the biology underpinning the links between bone and muscle tissues in the setting of highly disabling conditions, such as osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and neurodegenerative disorders, although these bidirectional connections remain still unclear. SCI could be considered an in vivo paradigmatic model of the bone muscle interactions in unloading conditions that might be expanded in the field of neurodegenerative disorders or cancer studies. Future studies should take into consideration the newer insights into bone muscle crosstalk in order to develop multitargeted and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Invernizzi
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
| | - Alessandro de Sire
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Rehabilitation Unit, "Mons. L. Novarese" Hospital, Moncrivello, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Stefano Carda
- Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Konstantinos Venetis
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Renò
- Innovative Research Laboratory for Wound Healing, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Carlo Cisari
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, University Hospital "Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Osteosarcopenia: beyond age-related muscle and bone loss. Eur Geriatr Med 2020; 11:715-724. [DOI: 10.1007/s41999-020-00355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chiu TH, Chen SC, Yu HC, Hsu JS, Shih MC, Jiang HJ, Hsu WH, Lee MY. Association between Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index and Skeletal Muscle Mass Index with Bone Mineral Density in Post-Menopausal Women Who Have Undergone Total Thyroidectomy. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061683. [PMID: 32516885 PMCID: PMC7352278 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis is highly prevalent in postmenopausal women and may result in fractures and disabilities. Total thyroidectomy has also been associated with loss of bone mass. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate associations among nutritional status, skeletal muscle index and markers of bone turnover to bone mineral density in postmenopausal women who had undergone total thyroidectomy. Methods: Fifty postmenopausal women who had undergone total thyroidectomy were included. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) was calculated using baseline body weight and serum albumin level. Skeletal muscle mass index was calculated as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) divided by the height squared and assessed using DXA. Results. Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis showed that a low GNRI was significantly associated with low lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) and T-score, and that a low ASM/height2 was significantly associated with low femoral neck BMD and T-score. A low vitamin D level was significantly associated with low femoral neck BMD and T-score and low total hip BMD and T-score. A high bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level was significantly associated with low femoral neck T-score and low total hip BMD and T-score. A low insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was significantly associated with low total hip BMD and T-score. Conclusion: In the postmenopausal women who had undergone total thyroidectomy in this study, BMD was positively associated with GNRI, skeletal muscle mass index, and levels of vitamin D and serum IGF-1, and inversely associated with bone ALP level. Nutritional status, skeletal muscle mass index and bone turnover biomarkers can be used to early identify patients with a high risk of osteoporosis in this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Hua Chiu
- Department of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Yu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (J.-S.H.); (M.-C.S.)
| | - Jui-Sheng Hsu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (J.-S.H.); (M.-C.S.)
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chen Shih
- Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (J.-S.H.); (M.-C.S.)
| | - He-Jiun Jiang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Hao Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan;
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Mei-Yueh Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 7375)
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Olstad OK, Gautvik VT, LeBlanc M, Kvernevik KJ, Utheim TP, Runningen A, Wiig H, Kirkegaard C, Raastad T, Reppe S, Gautvik KM. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a musculoskeletal disease with a common genetic trait which responds to strength training: a translational intervention study. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2020; 12:1759720X20929443. [PMID: 32536985 PMCID: PMC7268165 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x20929443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Clinical evidence suggests that body muscle mass is positively associated with bone mass, of significance for the elderly population at risk of osteoporosis (OP). Furthermore, muscle and bone interact mechanically and functionally, via local interactions as well as remotely via secreted components. Thus, it was of interest to compare muscle transcriptomes in postmenopausal OP and healthy women, and study effects of strength training on the muscle transcriptome, muscle stress proteins and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: Skeletal muscle histological and genetic properties were compared in postmenopausal healthy (n = 18) and OP (n = 17) women before and after heavy-load strength training for 13–15 weeks. The cohorts were of similar age and body mass index without interfering diseases, medication or difference in lifestyle factors. Muscle biopsies obtained before and after intervention were studied histologically, and stress proteins and transcriptomes analyzed. Results: The OP women showed distinct muscle transcription profiles when compared with healthy women and had higher levels of the stress proteins HSP70 and α-β-crystalline. A set of 12 muscle transcripts, including ACSS3, FZD4, GNAI1 and IGF1, were differentially expressed before and after intervention (false discovery rate ⩽0.10, p ⩽0.001), and their corresponding bone transcripts were associated with BMD. Experimental data underline and describe the functionality of these genes in bone biology. OP women had 8% (p <0.01) higher proportion of type I fibres, but muscle fibre cross-sectional area did not differ. Muscle strength increased in both groups (p <0.01). Conclusions: Postmenopausal healthy and OP women have distinct muscle transcriptomes [messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) and microRNAs] that are modulated by strength training, translating into key protein alterations and muscle fibre changes. The function of common skeletal muscle and bone genes in postmenopausal OP is suggestive of a shared disease trait.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marissa LeBlanc
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Runningen
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Wiig
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Kirkegaard
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Truls Raastad
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sjur Reppe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, Beverly, MA, USA
| | - Kaare Morten Gautvik
- Lovisenberg Diakonale Sykehus, Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberggata 17, Oslo 0456, Norway
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Souza D, Barbalho M, Ramirez-Campillo R, Martins W, Gentil P. High and low-load resistance training produce similar effects on bone mineral density of middle-aged and older people: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Exp Gerontol 2020; 138:110973. [PMID: 32454079 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effects of high-load (≥ 70 of 1RM) and low-load (< 70 of 1RM) resistance training (RT) on femoral neck and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) in middle-aged and older people. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCE English language searches of the electronic databases PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Web of Science. INCLUSION CRITERIA (i) older or middle-aged (≥ 45 years old) participants of both sexes with or without comorbidities, (ii) studies that compared high-load (≥70% 1 RM) versus low-load (<70% 1RM) RT, (iii) studies that examined femoral neck or lumbar spine BMD. RESULTS From 1052 studies found, six were included in qualitative and quantitative analysis. The meta-analysis revealed no difference between groups for femoral neck (weighted mean difference [MD] and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.00 g/cm2 [95% CI, -0.01 to 0.01]; P = 0.63) and lumbar spine (MD = 0.01 g/cm2 [95% CI, -0.00 to 0.02]; P = 0.12) BDM. There was a substantial heterogeneity for femoral neck (I2 = 47%; P = 0.07) and lumbar spine (I2 = 59%; P = 0.02). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant effect of high-load RT on femoral neck BMD when participants presented normal BMD values (MD = 0.01 g/cm2 [95% CI, -0.00 to 0.02]; P = 0.04) and on interventions lasting up to 6 months (MD = 0.01 g/cm2 [95% CI, -0.00 to 0.02]; P = 0.03). CONCLUSION Both high- and low-load RT have similar effects on femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD in aging people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Souza
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Barbalho
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Laboratory of Human Performance, Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Wagner Martins
- University of Brasilia, Division of Physical Therapy, Ceilandia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Gentil
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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