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Friedman P, Mamonova T. The molecular sociology of NHERF1 PDZ proteins controlling renal hormone-regulated phosphate transport. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231380. [PMID: 38465463 PMCID: PMC10987488 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) control extracellular phosphate levels by regulating renal NPT2A-mediated phosphate transport by a process requiring the PDZ scaffold protein NHERF1. NHERF1 possesses two PDZ domains, PDZ1 and PDZ2, with identical core-binding GYGF motifs explicitly recognizing distinct binding partners that play different and specific roles in hormone-regulated phosphate transport. The interaction of PDZ1 and the carboxy-terminal PDZ-binding motif of NPT2A (C-TRL) is required for basal phosphate transport. PDZ2 is a regulatory domain that scaffolds multiple biological targets, including kinases and phosphatases involved in FGF23 and PTH signaling. FGF23 and PTH trigger disassembly of the NHERF1-NPT2A complex through reversible hormone-stimulated phosphorylation with ensuing NPT2A sequestration, down-regulation, and cessation of phosphate absorption. In the absence of NHERF1-NPT2A interaction, inhibition of FGF23 or PTH signaling results in disordered phosphate homeostasis and phosphate wasting. Additional studies are crucial to elucidate how NHERF1 spatiotemporally coordinates cellular partners to regulate extracellular phosphate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Friedman
- Laboratory for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, U.S.A
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, U.S.A
| | - Tatyana Mamonova
- Laboratory for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, U.S.A
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2
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Máčová L, Kancheva R, Bičíková M. Molecular Regulation of the CNS by Vitamin D. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S339-S356. [PMID: 38116771 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a lipid-soluble vitamin that can be found in some foods. It is also produced endogenously (in the presence of ultraviolet light), transported through the blood to the targets organs and this is the reason to consider vitamin D as a hormone. It is known that vitamin D has genomic and non-genomic effects. This review is focused mainly on the vitamin D receptors, the importance of vitamin D as a neuromodulator, the role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of devastating neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and the benefit of vitamin D and its derivates in alleviating these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Máčová
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Ogura Y, Mimura I. Epigenetic roles in clonal hematopoiesis and aging kidney-related chronic kidney disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1281850. [PMID: 37928907 PMCID: PMC10623128 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1281850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of somatic hematopoietic stem cell mutations with aging has been revealed by the recent genome-wide analysis. Clonal expansion, known as clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), is a premalignant condition of hematological cancers. It is defined as the absence of definitive morphological evidence of a hematological neoplasm and occurrence of ≥2% of mutant allele fraction in the peripheral blood. In CHIP, the most frequently mutated genes are epigenetic regulators such as DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1. CHIP induces inflammation. CHIP is shown to be associated with not only hematological malignancy but also non-malignant disorders such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases and chronic liver disease. In addition, recent several large clinical trials have shown that CHIP is also the risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this review article, we proposed novel findings about CHIP and CHIP related kidney disease based on the recent basic and clinical research. The possible mechanism of the kidney injury in CHIP is supposed to be due to the clonal expansion in both myeloid and lymphoid cell lines. In myeloid cell lines, the mutated macrophages increase the inflammatory cytokine level and induce chronic inflammation. It leads to epigenetic downregulation of kidney and macrophage klotho level. In lymphoid cell lines, CHIP might be related to monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS). It describes any B cell or plasma cell clonal disorder that does not fulfill the criteria for cancer yet produces a nephrotoxic monoclonal immunoglobulin that leads to kidney injury or disease. MGRS causes M-protein related nephropathy frequently observed among aged CKD patients. It is important to consider the CHIP-related complications such as hematological malignancy, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders in managing the elderly CKD patients. There are no established therapies for CHIP and CHIP-related CKD yet. However, recent studies have supported the development of effective CHIP therapies, such as blocking the expansion of aberrant HSCs and inhibiting chronic inflammation. In addition, drugs targeting the epigenetic regulation of Klotho in the kidney and macrophages might be therapeutic targets of CHIP in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imari Mimura
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Torregrosa JV, Bover J, Rodríguez Portillo M, González Parra E, Dolores Arenas M, Caravaca F, González Casaus ML, Martín-Malo A, Navarro-González JF, Lorenzo V, Molina P, Rodríguez M, Cannata Andia J. Recommendations of the Spanish Society of Nephrology for the management of mineral and bone metabolism disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease: 2021 (SEN-MM). Nefrologia 2023; 43 Suppl 1:1-36. [PMID: 37202281 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
As in 2011, when the Spanish Society of Nephrology (SEN) published the Spanish adaptation to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) universal Guideline on Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD), this document contains an update and an adaptation of the 2017 KDIGO guidelines to our setting. In this field, as in many other areas of nephrology, it has been impossible to irrefutably answer many questions, which remain pending. However, there is no doubt that the close relationship between the CKD-MBD/cardiovascular disease/morbidity and mortality complex and new randomised clinical trials in some areas and the development of new drugs have yielded significant advances in this field and created the need for this update. We would therefore highlight the slight divergences that we propose in the ideal objectives for biochemical abnormalities in the CKD-MBD complex compared to the KDIGO suggestions (for example, in relation to parathyroid hormone or phosphate), the role of native vitamin D and analogues in the control of secondary hyperparathyroidism and the contribution of new phosphate binders and calcimimetics. Attention should also be drawn to the adoption of important new developments in the diagnosis of bone abnormalities in patients with kidney disease and to the need to be more proactive in treating them. In any event, the current speed at which innovations are taking place, while perhaps slower than we might like, globally drives the need for more frequent updates (for example, through Nefrología al día).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordi Bover
- Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
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5
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The Anti-Aging Hormone Klotho Promotes Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Viability and Metabolism by Activating the AMPK/PGC-1α Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020385. [PMID: 36829944 PMCID: PMC9952846 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Initially discovered by Makuto Kuro-o in 1997, Klotho is a putative aging-suppressor gene when overexpressed and accelerates aging when deleted in mice. Previously, we showed that α-Klotho regulates retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) functions and protects against oxidative stress. However, the mechanisms by which Klotho influences RPE and retinal homeostasis remain elusive. Here, by performing a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we demonstrate that Klotho regulates cell viability under oxidative stress, mitochondrial gene expression and activity by inducing the phosphorylation of AMPK and p38MAPK, which in turn phosphorylate and activate CREB and ATF2, respectively, triggering PGC-1α transcription. The inhibition of Klotho in human RPE cells using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing confirmed that a lack of Klotho negatively affects RPE functions, including mitochondrial activity and cell viability. Proteomic analyses showed that myelin sheath and mitochondrial-related proteins are downregulated in the RPE/retina of Kl-/- compared to WT mice, further supporting our biochemical observations. We conclude that Klotho acts upstream of the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway and regulates RPE/retinal resistance to oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and gene and protein expressions. Thus, KL decline during aging could negatively impact retinal health, inducing age-related retinal degeneration.
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High Intake of Sodium Chloride for 28 Days Causes No Effect on Serum FGF23 Concentrations in Cats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223195. [PMID: 36428422 PMCID: PMC9686773 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FGF23 is an acknowledged parameter to assess kidney health. As chronic kidney failure is one of the most common diseases in aging cats, dietary influences on renal health warrant investigation. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate potential correlations between dietary sodium chloride and FGF23. METHODS In a total of two trials, 11 cats were included. In the first trial, the cats were fed a complete and balanced control diet; in the second trial, sodium chloride was added (8 g/kg/DM)). Blood, urinary, feed, and faecal samples were analysed for major minerals. FGF23 and creatinine were measured in blood and urine samples. RESULTS Serum phosphate and FGF23 were unaffected by high sodium chloride intake, thus showing no correlation between serum FGF23 and sodium concentrations. Apparent phosphorus digestibility was significantly increased, however, by high sodium chloride intake, whereas apparent digestibility of calcium was unaffected. The present study confirms differences in FGF23 and sodium chloride interaction in cats compared with other species. Further research regarding the correlation between sodium chloride and phosphate homeostasis is warranted.
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Nakao VW, Mazucanti CHY, de Sá Lima L, de Mello PS, de Souza Port’s NM, Kinoshita PF, Leite JA, Kawamoto EM, Scavone C. Neuroprotective action of α-Klotho against LPS-activated glia conditioned medium in primary neuronal culture. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18884. [PMID: 36344527 PMCID: PMC9640694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-Klotho is an anti-aging protein that, when overexpressed, extends the life span in humans and mice. It has an anti-inflammatory and protective action on renal cells by inhibiting NF-κB activation and production of inflammatory cytokines in response to TNF-α. Furthermore, studies have shown the neuroprotective effect of α-Klotho against neuroinflammation on different conditions, such as aging, animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemic brain injury. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of α-Klotho protein on primary glial cell culture against the proinflammatory challenge with LPS and how this could interfere with neuronal health. Cortical mixed glial cells and purified astrocytes were pretreated with α- α-Klotho and stimulated with LPS followed by TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ levels, and NF-κB activity analysis. Conditioned medium from cortical mixed glia culture treated with LPS (glia conditioned medium (GCM) was used to induce neuronal death of primary cortical neuronal culture and evaluate if GCM-KL (medium from glia culture pretreated α-Klotho followed by LPS stimulation) or GCM + LPS in the presence of KL can reverse the effect. LPS treatment in glial cells induced an increase in proinflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ, and activation of astrocyte NF-κB. GCM treated-cortical neuronal culture induced a concentration-dependent neuronal death. Pretreatment with α-Klotho decreased TNF-α and IL-6 production, reverted NF-κB activation, and decreased neuronal death induced by GCM. In addition, KL incubation together with GCM + LPS completely reverts the neuronal toxicity induced by low concentration of GCM-LPS. These data suggest an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect of α-Klotho protein in the CNS. This work demonstrated the therapeutic potential of α-Klotho in pathological processes which involves a neuroinflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Wanatable Nakao
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science ICB-1, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Caio Henrique Yokowama Mazucanti
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science ICB-1, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, 05508-900 Brazil ,grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda, USA
| | - Larissa de Sá Lima
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science ICB-1, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Paloma Segura de Mello
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science ICB-1, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Natacha Medeiros de Souza Port’s
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science ICB-1, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Paula Fernanda Kinoshita
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science ICB-1, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Alves Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University Federal of Goias, Goiana, Brazil
| | - Elisa Mitiko Kawamoto
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science ICB-1, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science ICB-1, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, 05508-900 Brazil
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8
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Ameer OZ. Hypertension in chronic kidney disease: What lies behind the scene. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:949260. [PMID: 36304157 PMCID: PMC9592701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.949260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a frequent condition encountered during kidney disease development and a leading cause in its progression. Hallmark factors contributing to hypertension constitute a complexity of events that progress chronic kidney disease (CKD) into end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Multiple crosstalk mechanisms are involved in sustaining the inevitable high blood pressure (BP) state in CKD, and these play an important role in the pathogenesis of increased cardiovascular (CV) events associated with CKD. The present review discusses relevant contributory mechanisms underpinning the promotion of hypertension and their consequent eventuation to renal damage and CV disease. In particular, salt and volume expansion, sympathetic nervous system (SNS) hyperactivity, upregulated renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), oxidative stress, vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, and a range of mediators and signaling molecules which are thought to play a role in this concert of events are emphasized. As the control of high BP via therapeutic interventions can represent the key strategy to not only reduce BP but also the CV burden in kidney disease, evidence for major strategic pathways that can alleviate the progression of hypertensive kidney disease are highlighted. This review provides a particular focus on the impact of RAAS antagonists, renal nerve denervation, baroreflex stimulation, and other modalities affecting BP in the context of CKD, to provide interesting perspectives on the management of hypertensive nephropathy and associated CV comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Z. Ameer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Omar Z. Ameer,
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9
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Christodoulou M, Aspray TJ, Piec I, Washbourne C, Tang JCY, Fraser WD, Schoenmakers I, Francis RM, McColl E, Chadwick T, Prentice A, Schoenmakers I. Vitamin D Supplementation for 12 Months in Older Adults Alters Regulators of Bone Metabolism but Does Not Change Wnt Signaling Pathway Markers. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10619. [PMID: 35509637 PMCID: PMC9059470 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D status and supplementation regulates bone metabolism and may modulate Wnt signaling. We studied the response of hormonal regulators of bone metabolism, markers of Wnt signaling and bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in a randomized vitamin D intervention trial (12,000 IU, 24,000 IU, 48,000 IU/mo for 1 year; men and women aged >70 years; n = 379; ISRCTN35648481). Associations with total and free 25(OH)D concentrations were analyzed by linear regression. Baseline vitamin D status was (mean ± SD) 25(OH)D: 40.0 ± 20.1 nmol/L. Supplementation dose-dependently increased total and free 25(OH)D concentrations and decreased plasma phosphate and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (all p < 0.05). The procollagen 1 intact N-terminal (PINP)/C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) ratio, C-terminal fibroblast growth factor-23 (cFGF23), and intact FGF23 (iFGF23) significantly increased with no between-group differences, whereas Klotho was unchanged. 1,25(OH)2D and PINP significantly increased in the 24 IU and 48,000 IU groups. Sclerostin (SOST), osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), BMD, BMC, and CTX remained unchanged. Subgroup analyses with baseline 25(OH)D <25 nmol/L (n = 94) provided similar results. Baseline total and free 25(OH)D concentrations were positively associated with 1,25(OH)2D, 24,25(OH)2D (p < 0.001), vitamin D binding protein (DBP) (p < 0.05), BMD, and BMC (p < 0.05). Associations with PTH (p <0.001), cFGF23 (p < 0.01), and BAP (p < 0.05) were negative. After supplementation, total and free 25(OH)D concentrations remained positively associated only with 24,25(OH)2D (p < 0.001) and DBP (p < 0.001) and negatively with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (p < 0.01). PTH and SOST were significantly associated only with free 25(OH)D. There were no significant relationships with BMD and BMC after supplementation. The decrease in PTH and increase in PINP/CTX ratio suggest a protective effect of supplementation on bone metabolism, although no significant effect on BMD or pronounced changes in regulators of Wnt signaling were found. The increase in FGF23 warrants caution because of its negative association with skeletal and cardiovascular health. Associations of total and free 25(OH)D with biomarkers were similar and known positive associations between vitamin D status and BMD were confirmed. The change in associations after supplementation might suggest a threshold effect. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terence J Aspray
- Freeman Hospital, Bone ClinicUniversity of Newcastle upon TyneNewcastle upon TyneUK
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10
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Meshkini F, Soltani S, Clark CCT, Tam V, Meyre D, Toupchian O, Saraf-Bank S, Abdollahi S. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of fibroblast growth factor- 23: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 215:106012. [PMID: 34710560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.106012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies of the effect of vtamin D on serum levels of fibroblast growth factor- 23 (FGF-23) have yeilded an inconsistent findings. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) sought to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of FGF-23. PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched, from database inception to November 2020, for RCTs that evaluated the effects of native or active vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of FGF-23 in adults. Weighted mean difference (WMD) were calculated and random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the overall effects. Twenty-seven trials were included in the meta-analysis. Supplementation with native vitamin D (23 studies, n = 2247 participants; weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.5 pg/mL, 95 % CI: -0.52 to 1.51, P = 0.33; I2 = 29.9 %), and active vitamin D (5 studies, n = 342 participants, WMD = 29.45 pg/mL, 95 % CI: -3.9 to 62.81, P = 0.08; I2 = 99.3%) had no significant effects on serum FGF-23 concentration. In subgroup analyses, supplementation with ergocalciferol (3 studies, n = 205 participants; WMD = 18.27 pg/mL, 95 % CI: 5.36-31.17, P = 0.006), and daily dosing regimens (9 studies, n = 1374 participants; WMD = 0.41 pg/mL, 95 % CI: 0.22 to 0.59, P < 0.001) increased serum FGF-23 levels compared to control. Overall, our findings revealed no significan effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum FGF-23 concentration. However, further high quality, large-scale studies are needed to better elucidate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Meshkini
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Vivian Tam
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Omid Toupchian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Sahar Saraf-Bank
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shima Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
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11
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Fusaro M, Cianciolo G, Tripepi G, Plebani M, Aghi A, Politi C, Zaninotto M, Nickolas TL, Ferrari S, Ketteler M, La Manna G, Gasperoni L, Messa P, Ravera M, Gallieni M, Cosmai L, Locatelli F, Iervasi G, Vettor R, Mereu MC, Sella S, Arcidiacono G, Giannini S. Oral Calcitriol Use, Vertebral Fractures, and Vitamin K in Hemodialysis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:2361-2370. [PMID: 34622481 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fractures and vascular calcifications (VCs) are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). They are related to abnormalities in vitamin D metabolism, calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)/Klotho that occur with CKD. Impaired vitamin D metabolism and abnormal levels of calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and FGF23/Klotho drive bone and vascular changes in CKD. It is unclear if oral calcitriol safely mitigates fracture risk without increasing the burden of calcifications. Therefore, we investigated whether treatment with calcitriol affected the prevalence of fractures and VC progression in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This report is a secondary analysis of the Vitamin K Italian (VIKI) study, a cross-sectional study involving 387 HD patients. We assessed vitamin 25(OH)D, alkaline phosphatase, PTH, calcium, phosphate, osteocalcin or bone Gla protein, matrix Gla protein, and vitamin K levels. Vertebral fractures (VFs) and VCs were determined by spine radiograph. A reduction of >20% of vertebral body height was considered a VF. VCs were quantified by the length of calcific lesions along the arteries. The patients treated with oral calcitriol were 177 of 387 patients (45.7%). The prevalence of VF was lower in patients receiving oral calcitriol than in those untreated (48.6% versus 61.0%, p = 0.015), whereas the presence of aortic and iliac calcifications was similar (aortic: 81.9% versus 79.5%, respectively, p = 0.552; iliac: 52.0% and 59.5%, respectively, p = 0.167). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, oral calcitriol was associated with a 40.2% reduced odds of fracture (OR 0.598; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.363-0.985; p = 0.043). In conclusion, we found a significant association between oral calcitriol and lower VF in HD patients without an increase in the burden of VC. Further prospective and interventional studies are needed to confirm these findings. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fusaro
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Pisa, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cianciolo
- Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tripepi
- National Research Council-Institute of Clinical Physiology (CNR-IFC), Clinical Epidemiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Ospedali Riuniti, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Aghi
- Department of Medicine, Clinica Medica 1, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Politi
- National Research Council-Institute of Clinical Physiology (CNR-IFC), Clinical Epidemiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Ospedali Riuniti, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Martina Zaninotto
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Thomas L Nickolas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Serge Ferrari
- Service des Maladies Osseuses, Département de Médecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Markus Ketteler
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gasperoni
- Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Gallieni
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cosmai
- Onco-Nephrology Outpatient Clinic, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Locatelli
- Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Lecco, Lecco, Italy
| | - Giorgio Iervasi
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Sella
- Department of Medicine, Clinica Medica 1, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Sandro Giannini
- Department of Medicine, Clinica Medica 1, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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12
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Abstract
Phosphate homeostasis is a requirement for normal life. Phosphate is involved in the synthesis of membrane lipids, DNA, RNA, and energy-rich molecules (ATP and GTP), and the regulation of protein activity by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Moreover, phosphate is a component of apatite crystals, which provide stability to the bone, and is essential for normal growth. Phosphate balance in the body is the difference between net phosphate absorption through the intestine and phosphate excretion through the kidney. Numerous disorders, both genetic and acquired, may alter phosphate homeostasis. In affected individuals, it is crucial to identify the underlying mechanism(s) to provide adequate treatment; however, phosphate homeostasis assessment remains challenging. Besides the measurement of key hormones involved in the control of phosphate homeostasis (parathyroid hormone, vitamin D and metabolites, fibroblast growth factor 23), assessing the magnitude of phosphate reabsorption by the kidney is a crucial step. It makes it possible to distinguish between a primary disorder of renal phosphate reabsorption, associated with an intrinsic defect or endocrine disturbance, and a nutritional cause of phosphate deficiency. This strategy is described, and the potential consequences for therapeutic decisions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Houillier
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France; CNRS, ERL 8228, F-75006 Paris, France; AP-HP, Service de Physiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France; Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Métabolisme du Calcium et du Phosphate, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Salles
- Unité d'Endocrinologie Maladies Osseuses, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP) UMR INSERM 1043 CNRS 5282, France; Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Métabolisme du Calcium et du Phosphate, France
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) has become a global health crisis with very limited therapeutic options. Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) is a matrix extracellular protein secreted by osteocytes that has generated recent interest for its possible involvement in CKD-MBD pathogenesis. This is a review of DMP1 established regulation and function, and early studies implicating DMP1 in CKD-MBD. RECENT FINDINGS Patients and mice with CKD show perturbations of DMP1 expression in bone, associated with impaired osteocyte maturation, mineralization, and increased fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) production. In humans with CKD, low circulating DMP1 levels are independently associated with increased cardiovascular events. We recently showed that DMP1 supplementation lowers circulating FGF23 levels and improves bone mineralization and cardiac outcomes in mice with CKD. Mortality rates are extremely high among patients with CKD and have only marginally improved over decades. Bone disease and FGF23 excess contribute to mortality in CKD by increasing the risk of bone fractures and cardiovascular disease, respectively. Previous studies focused on DMP1 loss-of-function mutations have established its role in the regulation of FGF23 and bone mineralization. Recent studies show that DMP1 supplementation may fill a crucial therapeutic gap by improving bone and cardiac health in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Martin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Dominik Kentrup
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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14
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Li B, Zhou M, Peng J, Yang Q, Chu J, Li R, Jiang Y. Mechanism of the Fibroblast Growth Factor 23/α-Klotho Axis in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:1471-1484. [PMID: 34503373 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.1970180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent type of dementia and threatens the health of most elderly people and poses a huge burden to families and society. The fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)/α-Klotho axis is associated with multiple aging-related diseases. Hence, this study explored the mechanism of the FGF23/α-Klotho axis in AD. FGF23/α-Klotho protein contents and levels of inflammatory cytokines in AD patients were measured, and the correlation between FGF23/α-Klotho protein contents and inflammatory cytokines was analyzed. FGF23 and α-Klotho expressions were blocked in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in AD patients (AD-PBMCs) to assess the effects on cell inflammation and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway was inhibited to evaluate cell inflammation. Combined treatments of the cells were conducted to verify the role of the FGF23/α-Klotho axis and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in inflammation in AD-PBMCs. Increased FGF23 protein concentration and reduced α-Klotho protein concentration were observed in AD patients and correlated with inflammatory cytokine levels. FGF23 inhibition or α-Klotho overexpression reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines and activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in AD-PBMCs. Blocking the Wnt/β-catenin pathway increased inflammatory cytokine production in AD-PBMCs and annulled the effects of the FGF23/α-Klotho axis on AD-induced cell inflammation. We concluded that the FGF23/α-Klotho axis can regulate the AD-induced cell inflammation through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of General Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Department of General Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingxin Chu
- Department of General Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruoqing Li
- Department of General Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of General Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
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15
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Epstein M, Freundlich M. The intersection of Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR) activation and the FGF23 - Klotho cascade. A Duopoly that promotes renal and cardiovascular injury. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 37:211-221. [PMID: 34459924 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nexus of CKD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) amplifies the morbidity and mortality of CKD, emphasizing the need for defining and establishing therapeutic initiatives to modify and abrogate the progression of CKD and concomitant CV risks. In addition to the traditional CV risk factors, disturbances of mineral metabolism are specific risk factors that contribute to the excessive CV mortality in patients with CKD. These risk factors include dysregulations of circulating factors that modulate phosphate metabolism including fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and soluble Klotho. Reduced circulating levels and suppressed renal klotho expression may be associated with adverse outcomes in CKD patients. While elevated circulating concentrations or locally produced FGF23 in the strained heart exert pro-hypertrophic mechanisms on the myocardium, Klotho attenuates tissue fibrosis, progression of CKD, cardiomyopathy, endothelial dysfunction, vascular stiffness, and vascular calcification. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation in non-classical targets, mediated by aldosterone and other ligands, amplifies CVD in CKD. In concert, we detail how the interplay of elevated FGF23, activation of the MR, and concomitant reductions of circulating Klotho in CKD, may potentiate each other's deleterious effects on kidney and the heart, thereby contributing to the initiation and progression of kidney and cardiac functional deterioration, acting through multipronged albeit complementary mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray Epstein
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael Freundlich
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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16
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Ammar Y, Mohamed A, Khalil G, Maharem D. Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23- Phosphate Axis. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2021; 14:331-347. [PMID: 34475774 PMCID: PMC8407679 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s326399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite management advances, accelerated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) remains a major cause of morbimortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients; that is not fully explained by traditional risk factors. Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is a bone-derived phosphaturic hormone with multiple klotho-dependent and independent effects, including promotion of atherosclerosis and vascular calcification, particularly in the context of chronic kidney disease. Increased circulating FGF23 was reported in SLE patients, particularly with lupus nephritis (LN); but its atherogenic role in these disorders was not explored. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Three study groups of predominantly middle-aged females were categorized by the 2012 SLE International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria as SLE (without LN), LN, or controls matching for traditional CVD risk profile. Measures of SLE activity, damage, steroid therapy, and glomerular filtration rate were calculated. Fasting blood samples were checked for serum lipid profile, anti-DNA, urea, creatinine, uric acid, proteins, albumin, calcium, phosphorus, C3, C4, CRP, vitamin-D3, intact parathyroid hormone and FGF23 (iFGF23). By carotid ultrasonography, mean common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CC-IMT), plaque score (PS) and internal carotid resistive index (ICRI) were recorded. RESULTS CC-IMT, ICRI and serum iFGF23 differed along the study groups (LN>SLE>controls). In both SLE and LN patients, serum iFGF23 had a significant positive correlation with serum phosphorus, CC-IMT and PS. On multivariate analysis, the strongest predictor of increased CC-IMT was cumulative steroid dose in SLE and serum iFGF23 in LN patients. Most significant independent predictors of increased serum iFGF23 were hyperphosphatemia in SLE and proteinuria in LN patients. CONCLUSION FGF23-phosphate axis has a key role in accelerated ACVD in SLE patients. Serum phosphorus and iFGF23 should be included in ACVD risk profile assessment of these patients. Prospective studies shall define the role of dietary and/or pharmacologic control of hyperphosphatemia and proteinuria in reducing circulating iFGF23 and ACVD in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Ammar
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira Mohamed
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Gihane Khalil
- Chemical Pathology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dalia Maharem
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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17
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Ursem SR, Diepenbroek C, Bacic V, Unmehopa UA, Eggels L, Maya‐Monteiro CM, Heijboer AC, la Fleur SE. Localization of fibroblast growth factor 23 protein in the rat hypothalamus. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:5261-5271. [PMID: 34184338 PMCID: PMC8456796 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is an endocrine growth factor and known to play a pivotal role in phosphate homeostasis. Interestingly, several studies point towards a function of FGF23 in the hypothalamus. FGF23 classically activates the FGF receptor 1 in the presence of the co-receptor αKlotho, of both gene expression in the brain was previously established. However, studies on gene and protein expression of FGF23 in the brain are scarce and have been inconsistent. Therefore, our aim was to localise FGF23 gene and protein expression in the rat brain with focus on the hypothalamus. Also, we investigated the protein expression of αKlotho. Adult rat brains were used to localise and visualise FGF23 and αKlotho protein in the hypothalamus by immunofluorescence labelling. Furthermore, western blots were used for assessing hypothalamic FGF23 protein expression. FGF23 gene expression was investigated by qPCR in punches of the arcuate nucleus, lateral hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus, choroid plexus, ventrolateral thalamic nucleus and the ventromedial hypothalamus. Immunoreactivity for FGF23 and αKlotho protein was found in the hypothalamus, third ventricle lining and the choroid plexus. Western blot analysis of the hypothalamus confirmed the presence of FGF23. Gene expression of FGF23 was not detected, suggesting that the observed FGF23 protein is not brain-derived. Several FGF receptors are known to be present in the brain. Therefore, we conclude that the machinery for FGF23 signal transduction is present in several brain areas, indeed suggesting a role for FGF23 in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan R. Ursem
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & MetabolismAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Charlene Diepenbroek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Vesna Bacic
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Unga A. Unmehopa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Leslie Eggels
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Clarissa M. Maya‐Monteiro
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC)Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Annemieke C. Heijboer
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & MetabolismAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Susanne E. la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
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18
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Khosravi F, Ahmadvand N, Bellusci S, Sauer H. The Multifunctional Contribution of FGF Signaling to Cardiac Development, Homeostasis, Disease and Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:672935. [PMID: 34095143 PMCID: PMC8169986 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.672935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current focus on cardiovascular research reflects society’s concerns regarding the alarming incidence of cardiac-related diseases and mortality in the industrialized world and, notably, an urgent need to combat them by more efficient therapies. To pursue these therapeutic approaches, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of action for multifunctional fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in the biology of the heart is a matter of high importance. The roles of FGFs in heart development range from outflow tract formation to the proliferation of cardiomyocytes and the formation of heart chambers. In the context of cardiac regeneration, FGFs 1, 2, 9, 16, 19, and 21 mediate adaptive responses including restoration of cardiac contracting rate after myocardial infarction and reduction of myocardial infarct size. However, cardiac complications in human diseases are correlated with pathogenic effects of FGF ligands and/or FGF signaling impairment. FGFs 2 and 23 are involved in maladaptive responses such as cardiac hypertrophic, fibrotic responses and heart failure. Among FGFs with known causative (FGFs 2, 21, and 23) or protective (FGFs 2, 15/19, 16, and 21) roles in cardiac diseases, FGFs 15/19, 21, and 23 display diagnostic potential. The effective role of FGFs on the induction of progenitor stem cells to cardiac cells during development has been employed to boost the limited capacity of postnatal cardiac repair. To renew or replenish damaged cardiomyocytes, FGFs 1, 2, 10, and 16 were tested in (induced-) pluripotent stem cell-based approaches and for stimulation of cell cycle re-entry in adult cardiomyocytes. This review will shed light on the wide range of beneficiary and detrimental actions mediated by FGF ligands and their receptors in the heart, which may open new therapeutic avenues for ameliorating cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Khosravi
- Department of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Negah Ahmadvand
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Department of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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19
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Radloff J, Pagitz M, Andrukhova O, Oberbauer R, Burgener IA, Erben RG. Aldosterone Is Positively Associated With Circulating FGF23 Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease Across Four Species, and May Drive FGF23 Secretion Directly. Front Physiol 2021; 12:649921. [PMID: 33995120 PMCID: PMC8117232 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.649921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is accompanied by increases in circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and aldosterone levels. Here, we tested the hypothesis that aldosterone may be one of the driving forces behind increased FGF23 secretion in CKD. Methods Using data from a prospective study in humans, a retrospective study in dogs and cats, and an experimental study in 5/6-nephrectomized mice, we analyzed the relationship between circulating FGF23 and serum aldosterone levels in CKD across four species. To assess the effects of acute inhibition of aldosterone signaling on circulating FGF23, we acutely treated mice with established CKD with the mineralocorticoid receptor blocker canrenone (50 mg/kg iv/sc), and measured intact FGF23 before and 24 h as well as 72 h after start of administration of the drug. Results We found a tight positive association between circulating intact FGF23 and serum aldosterone in human, canine, and feline CKD patients, as well as in experimental murine CKD (humans: r S = 0.57, p = 0.0368; dogs: r S = 0.66, p = 0.0019; cats: r S = 0.75, p = 0.0003; mice: r S = 0.49, p = 0.0004). Injection of canrenone in mice with established CKD did not lead to changes in FGF23 levels within 24 h, but reduced FGF23 in all mice at 72 h. Conclusion Aldosterone may drive enhanced FGF23 secretion in CKD, possibly explaining the tight positive association between circulating intact FGF23 and aldosterone in human, canine, and feline CKD patients as well as in experimental CKD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Radloff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Pagitz
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olena Andrukhova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Oberbauer
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iwan A Burgener
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhold G Erben
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Sanz B, Arrieta H, Rezola-Pardo C, Fernández-Atutxa A, Garin-Balerdi J, Arizaga N, Rodriguez-Larrad A, Irazusta J. Low serum klotho concentration is associated with worse cognition, psychological components of frailty, dependence, and falls in nursing home residents. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9098. [PMID: 33907242 PMCID: PMC8079365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum alpha-klotho (s-klotho) protein has been linked with lifespan, and low concentrations of s-klotho have been associated with worse physical and cognitive outcomes. Although its significance in aging remains unclear, s-klotho has been proposed as a molecular biomarker of frailty and dependence. This study is a secondary analysis of data from a clinical trial performed in a population of 103 older individuals living in 10 nursing homes in Gipuzkoa (Spain). We aimed to elucidate associations between s-klotho (as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and body composition, physical fitness, and cognition, as well as frailty and dependence (determined using validated tests and scales). In addition, we investigated the association of s-klotho concentration with falls in the six months following the initial assessment. Low s-klotho levels were associated with a lower score in the psychological component of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator, a worse score in the Coding Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and a greater dependence in activities of daily living. Moreover, participants with lower s-klotho concentrations suffered more falls during the 6 months after the assessment. Future translational research should aim to validate klotho's putative role as a biomarker that could identify the risk of aging-related adverse events in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Sanz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Haritz Arrieta
- Department of Nursing II, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Chloe Rezola-Pardo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Fernández-Atutxa
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jon Garin-Balerdi
- Caser Residencial Anaka, Fundación Caser, 20301, Irun, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Nagore Arizaga
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- Intensive Care Unit, Donostia University Hospital, 20014, Donostia, Spain
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Larrad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jon Irazusta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
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21
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Rare Variants in Autophagy and Non-Autophagy Genes in Late-Onset Pompe Disease: Suggestions of Their Disease-Modifying Role in Two Italian Families. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073625. [PMID: 33807278 PMCID: PMC8036926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency in the enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase. The late-onset form of Pompe disease (LOPD) is characterized by a slowly progressing proximal muscle weakness, often involving respiratory muscles. In LOPD, the levels of GAA enzyme activity and the severity of the clinical pictures may be highly variable among individuals, even in those who harbour the same combination of GAA mutations. The result is an unpredictable genotype–phenotype correlation. The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic factors responsible for the progression, severity and drug response in LOPD. We report here on a detailed clinical, morphological and genetic study, including a whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis of 11 adult LOPD siblings belonging to two Italian families carrying compound heterozygous GAA mutations. We disclosed a heterogeneous pattern of myopathic impairment, associated, among others, with cardiac defects, intracranial vessels abnormality, osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency, obesity and adverse response to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). We identified deleterious variants in the genes involved in autophagy, immunity and bone metabolism, which contributed to the severity of the clinical symptoms observed in the LOPD patients. This study emphasizes the multisystem nature of LOPD and highlights the polygenic nature of the complex phenotype disclosed in these patients.
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22
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Vötterl JC, Klinsoda J, Hennig-Pauka I, Verhovsek D, Metzler-Zebeli BU. Evaluation of serum parameters to predict the dietary intake of calcium and available phosphorus in growing pigs. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab059. [PMID: 34222820 PMCID: PMC8244991 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate provision of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) is essential for bone formation and high growth performance in pigs. Nevertheless, reliable serum biomarkers for pig's Ca and P intake are still missing. Here, we used phytase supplementation to alter the dietary available P (aP) level in order to investigate the effect of differences in dietary aP levels on serum parameters related to the Ca and P homeostasis in pigs. Moreover, we assessed whether serum parameters can be used to predict the Ca, total P (tP), and aP intake in barrows and gilts throughout the fattening period. In total, 216 pigs (115 gilts and 101 barrows) were randomly allotted to one of the two diets in three replicate batches, each lasting 56 d (n = 108/diet). Pigs had free access to the diets without (Con) or with phytase (Phy; 650 phytase units/kg) via a transponder-based feeding system. Blood samples were collected on days 2, 23, and 52, and serum parameters were correlated with the daily Ca, tP, and aP intake. The intake of tP, aP, and Ca was overall 14.2%, 13.8%, and 14.2% higher in barrows compared with gilts, respectively (P < 0.001). Concurrently, phytase decreased the intake of tP and Ca by 8.4% and 6.7%, respectively, whereas it raised the intake of aP by 16.3% compared with the Con diet (P < 0.001). Serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 23, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), vitamin D (VitD), and osteocalcin (OCN) decreased with age (P < 0.05). The higher aP intake of pigs fed the Phy diet increased serum P on days 2 and 23 but decreased it on day 52 compared with the Con diet (P = 0.004). Pigs fed the Phy diet had higher serum ALP compared with pigs fed the Con diet on days 23 and 52 (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis between serum parameters and Ca, tP, and aP intake showed age- and sex-related associations. With 12 wk of age, serum P in both sexes, serum VitD in barrows, and serum OCN and ALP in gilts correlated with aP intake (|r| > 0.38), whereas serum OCN correlated with Ca in both sexes' intake (r > 0.50). At 20 wk, serum Ca and ALP in gilts correlated with aP intake, whereas serum P, Ca, and VitD correlated with Ca intake in both sexes (|r| > 0.39). In conclusion, the present results showed that the daily Ca and aP intake could be most reliably estimated from serum parameters for an approximate age of 12 and 20 wk. Serum P and the Ca:P ratio at 12 wk of age and serum VitD at 20 wk of age may be used to predict pig's daily aP intake in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Vötterl
- Unit of Nutritional Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jutamat Klinsoda
- Institute of Food Research and Product Development, University of Kasetsart, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 49456 Bakum, Germany
| | - Doris Verhovsek
- University Clinic of Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara U Metzler-Zebeli
- Unit of Nutritional Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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23
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De-la-O A, Jurado-Fasoli L, Castillo MJ, Gutiérrez Á, Amaro-Gahete FJ. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and S-Klotho Plasma Levels: The Relationship Between Two Renal Antiaging Biomarkers Mediated by Bone Mineral Density in Middle-Aged Sedentary Adults. Rejuvenation Res 2021; 24:227-233. [PMID: 33487127 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2020.2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The main active metabolite of vitamin D, the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), and the shed form of the α-Klotho gene (S-Klotho) play an important role in aging-related physiological processes and are currently considered powerful antiaging renal biomarkers. We aimed to investigate the relationship between 1,25(OH)2D and S-Klotho plasma levels in middle-aged sedentary healthy adults. We also aimed to study the mediation role of body composition, physical activity levels, dietary parameters, and blood markers in the association between 1,25(OH)2D and S-Klotho plasma levels. A total of 73 middle-aged sedentary adults (53.4% women; 53.7 ± 5.1 years old) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The 1,25(OH)2D plasma levels were measured using a DiaSorin Liaison® immunochemiluminometric analyzer. S-Klotho plasma levels were measured using a solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Body composition analysis was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner. A tendency toward a negative association was observed between 1,25(OH)2D and S-Klotho plasma levels (β = -0.222, R2 = 0.049, p = 0.059). The association was attenuated after controlling for age and sex and become significant after controlling for fat mass index. In addition, the association between 1,25(OH)2D and S-Klotho levels was indirectly influenced by bone mineral density (BMD), with a percentage of mediation of 31.40%. Our study shows that 1,25(OH)2D is negatively associated with S-Klotho plasma levels in middle-aged sedentary adults, which is partially mediated by BMD. Clinicaltrial.gov: ID: NCT03334357.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro De-la-O
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Gutiérrez
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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24
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Xia J, Cao W. Epigenetic modifications of Klotho expression in kidney diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:581-592. [PMID: 33547909 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Developments of many renal diseases are substantially influenced by epigenetic modifications of numerous genes, mainly mediated by DNA methylations, histone modifications, and microRNA interference; however, not all gene modifications causally affect the disease onset or progression. Klotho is a critical gene whose repressions in various pathological conditions reportedly involve epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Klotho is almost unexceptionally repressed early after acute or chronic renal injuries and its levels inversely correlated with the disease progression and severity. Moreover, the strategies of Klotho derepression via epigenetic modulations beneficially change the pathological courses both in vitro and in vivo. Hence, Klotho is not only considered a biomarker of the renal disease but also a potential or even an ideal target of therapeutic epigenetic intervention. Here, we summarize and discuss studies that investigate the Klotho repression and intervention in renal diseases from an epigenetic point of view. These information might shed new sights into the effective therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat various renal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkun Xia
- Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling Research, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wangsen Cao
- Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling Research, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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25
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Hao H, Ma S, Zheng C, Wang Q, Lin H, Chen Z, Xie J, Chen L, Chen K, Wang Y, Huang X, Cao S, Liao W, Bin J, Liao Y. Excessive fibroblast growth factor 23 promotes renal fibrosis in mice with type 2 cardiorenal syndrome. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:2982-3009. [PMID: 33460402 PMCID: PMC7880350 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) has a high mortality, but its pathogenesis remains elusive. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is increased in both renal dysfunction and cardiac dysfunction, and FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4) has been identified as a receptor for FGF23. Deficiency of FGF23 causes growth retardation and shortens the lifespan, but it is unclear whether excess FGF23 is detrimental in CRS. This study sought to investigate whether FGF23 plays an important role in CRS-induced renal fibrosis. A mouse model of CRS was created by surgical myocardial infarction for 12 weeks. CRS mice showed a significant increase of circulatory and renal FGF23 protein levels, as well as an upregulation of p-GSK, active-β-catenin, TGF-β, collagen I and vimentin, a downregulation of renal Klotho expression and induction of cardiorenal dysfunction and cardiorenal fibrosis. These changes were enhanced by cardiac overexpression of FGF23 and attenuated by FGF receptor blocker PD173074 or β-catenin blocker IGC001. In fibroblasts (NRK-49F), expression of FGFR4 rather than Klotho was detected. Recombinant FGF23 upregulated the expression of p-GSK, active-β-catenin, TGF-β, collagen I and vimentin proteins. These changes were attenuated by FGFR4 blockade with BLU9931 or β-catenin blockade with IGC001. We concluded that FGF23 promotes CRS-induced renal fibrosis mediated by partly activating FGFR4/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Hao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cankun Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiancheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hairuo Lin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenhuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiahe Xie
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kaitong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuegang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shiping Cao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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26
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Freundlich M, Gamba G, Rodriguez-Iturbe B. Fibroblast growth factor 23-Klotho and hypertension: experimental and clinical mechanisms. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:3007-3022. [PMID: 33230698 PMCID: PMC7682775 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are increasingly recognized in pediatric patients and represent risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality later in life. In CKD, enhanced tubular sodium reabsorption is a leading cause of HTN due to augmented extracellular fluid volume expansion. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) upregulates various tubular sodium cotransporters that are also targets of the hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and its co-receptor Klotho. FGF23 inhibits the activation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D that is a potent suppressor of renin biosynthesis. Here we review the complex interactions and disturbances of the FGF23-Klotho axis, vitamin D, and the RAAS relevant to blood pressure regulation and discuss the therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating their pathophysiologic contributions to HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Freundlich
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico ,grid.416850.e0000 0001 0698 4037Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe
- grid.416850.e0000 0001 0698 4037Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico ,grid.419172.80000 0001 2292 8289Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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27
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Athonvarangkul D, Insogna KL. New Therapies for Hypophosphatemia-Related to FGF23 Excess. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 108:143-157. [PMID: 32504139 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
FGF23 is a hormone produced by osteocytes in response to an elevation in the concentration of extracellular phosphate. Excess production of FGF23 by bone cells, or rarely by tumors, is the hormonal basis for several musculoskeletal syndromes characterized by hypophosphatemia due to renal phosphate wasting. FGF23-dependent chronic hypophosphatemia causes rickets and osteomalacia, as well as other skeletal complications. Genetic disorders of FGF23-mediated hypophosphatemia include X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR), autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets (ARHR), fibrous dysplasia of bone, McCune-Albright syndrome, and epidermal nevus syndrome (ENS), also known as cutaneous skeletal hypophosphatemia syndrome (CSHS). The principle acquired form of FGF23-mediated hypophosphatemia is tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO). This review summarizes current knowledge about the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of the most common FGF23-mediated conditions, with a focus on new treatment modalities. For many decades, calcitriol and phosphate supplements were the mainstay of therapy. Recently, burosumab, a monoclonal blocking antibody to FGF23, has been approved for treatment of XLH in children and adults, and an active comparator trial in children has shown good efficacy and safety for this drug. The remainder of FGF23-mediated hypophosphatemic disorders continue to be treated with phosphate and calcitriol, although ongoing trials with burosumab for treatment of tumor-induced osteomalacia show early promise. Burosumab may be an effective treatment for the remainder of FGF23-mediated disorders, but clinical trials to support that possibility are at present not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Athonvarangkul
- Department of Medicine Section of Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 802080, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Karl L Insogna
- Department of Medicine Section of Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 802080, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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28
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Everson TM, O'Shea TM, Burt A, Hermetz K, Carter BS, Helderman J, Hofheimer JA, McGowan EC, Neal CR, Pastyrnak SL, Smith LM, Soliman A, DellaGrotta SA, Dansereau LM, Padbury JF, Lester BM, Marsit CJ. Serious neonatal morbidities are associated with differences in DNA methylation among very preterm infants. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:151. [PMID: 33076993 PMCID: PMC7574188 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infants born very preterm are more likely to experience neonatal morbidities compared to their term peers. Variations in DNA methylation (DNAm) associated with these morbidities may yield novel information about the processes impacted by these morbidities. Methods This study included 532 infants born < 30 weeks gestation, participating in the Neonatal Neurobehavior and Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants study. We used a neonatal morbidity risk score, which was an additive index of the number of morbidities experienced during the NICU stay, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), severe brain injury, serious neonatal infections, and severe retinopathy of prematurity. DNA was collected from buccal cells at discharge from the NICU, and DNAm was measured using the Illumina MethylationEPIC. We tested for differential methylation in association with the neonatal morbidity risk score then tested for differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and overrepresentation of biological pathways. Results We identified ten differentially methylated CpGs (α Bonferroni-adjusted for 706,278 tests) that were associated with increasing neonatal morbidity risk scores at three intergenic regions and at HPS4, SRRD, FGFR1OP, TNS3, TMEM266, LRRC3B, ZNF780A, and TENM2. These mostly followed dose–response patterns, for 8 CpGs increasing DNAm associated with increased numbers of morbidities, while for 2 CpGs the risk score was associated with decreasing DNAm. BPD was the most substantial contributor to differential methylation. We also identified seven potential DMRs and over-representation of genes involved in Wnt signaling; however, these results were not significant after Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing. Conclusions Neonatal DNAm, within genes involved in fibroblast growth factor activities, cellular invasion and migration, and neuronal signaling and development, are sensitive to the neonatal health complications of prematurity. We hypothesize that these epigenetic features may be representative of an integrated marker of neonatal health and development and are promising candidates to integrate with clinical information for studying developmental impairments in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Everson
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - T Michael O'Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amber Burt
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karen Hermetz
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian S Carter
- Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer Helderman
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Julie A Hofheimer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elisabeth C McGowan
- Department of Pediatrics, Brown Alpert Medical School and Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Charles R Neal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Steven L Pastyrnak
- Department of Pediatrics, Spectrum Health-Helen Devos Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Lynne M Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute At Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Antoine Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Sheri A DellaGrotta
- Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Brown Alpert Medical School and Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lynne M Dansereau
- Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Brown Alpert Medical School and Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - James F Padbury
- Department of Pediatrics, Brown Alpert Medical School and Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Barry M Lester
- Department of Pediatrics, Brown Alpert Medical School and Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Brown Alpert Medical School and Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
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29
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Easter M, Bollenbecker S, Barnes JW, Krick S. Targeting Aging Pathways in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6924. [PMID: 32967225 PMCID: PMC7555616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become a global epidemic and is the third leading cause of death worldwide. COPD is characterized by chronic airway inflammation, loss of alveolar-capillary units, and progressive decline in lung function. Major risk factors for COPD are cigarette smoking and aging. COPD-associated pathomechanisms include multiple aging pathways such as telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, altered nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell senescence, stem cell exhaustion and chronic inflammation. In this review, we will highlight the current literature that focuses on the role of age and aging-associated signaling pathways as well as their impact on current treatment strategies in the pathogenesis of COPD. Furthermore, we will discuss established and experimental COPD treatments including senolytic and anti-aging therapies and their potential use as novel treatment strategies in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Easter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.E.); (S.B.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Seth Bollenbecker
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.E.); (S.B.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Jarrod W. Barnes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.E.); (S.B.); (J.W.B.)
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Stefanie Krick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.E.); (S.B.); (J.W.B.)
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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30
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Stepanik V, Sun J, Stathopoulos A. FGF Pyramus Has a Transmembrane Domain and Cell-Autonomous Function in Polarity. Curr Biol 2020; 30:3141-3153.e5. [PMID: 32619487 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Most fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) function as receptor ligands through their conserved FGF domain, but sequences outside this domain vary and are not well studied. This core domain of 120 amino acids (aa) is flanked in all FGFs by highly divergent amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal sequences of variable length. Drosophila has fewer FGF genes, with only three identified to date, pyramus (pyr), thisbe (ths), and branchless (bnl), and all three encoding relatively large FGF proteins (∼80 kDa). We hypothesized that the longer FGF proteins present in Drosophila and other organisms may relate to an ancestral form, in which multiple functions or regulatory properties are present within a single polypeptide. Here, we focused analysis on Pyr, finding that it harbors a transmembrane domain (TMD) and extended C-terminal intracellular domain containing a degron. The intracellular portion limits Pyr levels, whereas the TMD promotes spatial precision in the paracrine activation of Heartless FGF receptor. Additionally, degron deletion mutants that upregulate Pyr exhibit cell polarity defects that lead to invagination defects at gastrulation, demonstrating a previously uncharacterized cell-autonomous role. In summary, our data show that Pyr is the first demonstrated transmembrane FGF, that it has both extracellular and intracellular functions, and that spatial distribution and levels of this particular FGF protein are tightly regulated. Our results suggest that other FGFs may be membrane tethered or multifunctional like Pyr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Stepanik
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Angelike Stathopoulos
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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31
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Weidner H, Baschant U, Lademann F, Ledesma Colunga MG, Balaian E, Hofbauer C, Misof BM, Roschger P, Blouin S, Richards WG, Platzbecker U, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M. Increased FGF-23 levels are linked to ineffective erythropoiesis and impaired bone mineralization in myelodysplastic syndromes. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137062. [PMID: 32759495 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal malignant hematopoietic disorders in the elderly characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis. This is accompanied by an altered bone microenvironment, which contributes to MDS progression and higher bone fragility. The underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that myelodysplastic NUP98‑HOXD13 (NHD13) transgenic mice display an abnormally high number of osteoblasts, yet a higher fraction of nonmineralized bone, indicating delayed bone mineralization. This was accompanied by high fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) serum levels, a phosphaturic hormone that inhibits bone mineralization and erythropoiesis. While Fgf23 mRNA expression was low in bone, brain, and kidney of NHD13 mice, its expression was increased in erythroid precursors. Coculturing these precursors with WT osteoblasts induced osteoblast marker gene expression, which was inhibited by blocking FGF-23. Finally, antibody-based neutralization of FGF-23 in myelodysplastic NHD13 mice improved bone mineralization and bone microarchitecture, and it ameliorated anemia. Importantly, higher serum levels of FGF‑23 and an elevated amount of nonmineralized bone in patients with MDS validated the findings. C‑terminal FGF‑23 correlated negatively with hemoglobin levels and positively with the amount of nonmineralized bone. Thus, our study identifies FGF-23 as a link between altered bone structure and ineffective erythropoiesis in MDS with the prospects of a targeted therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Weidner
- Bone Lab Dresden, Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, and
| | - Ulrike Baschant
- Bone Lab Dresden, Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, and
| | - Franziska Lademann
- Bone Lab Dresden, Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, and
| | | | - Ekaterina Balaian
- Department of Medicine I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Hofbauer
- Bone Lab Dresden, Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, and.,Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara M Misof
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEKG and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEKG and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEKG and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Department of Medicine I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Bone Lab Dresden, Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, and.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Bone Lab Dresden, Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, and
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Six I, Flissi N, Lenglet G, Louvet L, Kamel S, Gallet M, Massy ZA, Liabeuf S. Uremic Toxins and Vascular Dysfunction. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060404. [PMID: 32570781 PMCID: PMC7354618 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction is an essential element found in many cardiovascular pathologies and in pathologies that have a cardiovascular impact such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Alteration of vasomotricity is due to an imbalance between the production of relaxing and contracting factors. In addition to becoming a determining factor in pathophysiological alterations, vascular dysfunction constitutes the first step in the development of atherosclerosis plaques or vascular calcifications. In patients with CKD, alteration of vasomotricity tends to emerge as being a new, less conventional, risk factor. CKD is characterized by the accumulation of uremic toxins (UTs) such as phosphate, para-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate, and FGF23 and, consequently, the deleterious role of UTs on vascular dysfunction has been explored. This accumulation of UTs is associated with systemic alterations including inflammation, oxidative stress, and the decrease of nitric oxide production. The present review proposes to summarize our current knowledge of the mechanisms by which UTs induce vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Six
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France; (N.F.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +03-22-82-54-25
| | - Nadia Flissi
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France; (N.F.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Gaëlle Lenglet
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France; (N.F.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Loïc Louvet
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France; (N.F.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Said Kamel
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France; (N.F.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
- Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, Human Biology Center, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Marlène Gallet
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France; (N.F.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Ziad A. Massy
- Service de Néphrologie et Dialyse, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Universitaire Ambroise Paré, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France;
- INSERM U1018, Equipe 5, CESP (Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations), Université Paris Saclay et Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Liabeuf
- UR 7517 UPJV, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France; (N.F.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.L.)
- Pharmacology Department, Amiens University Hospital, 80025 Amiens, France
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Dietary Phytase and Lactic Acid-Treated CerealGrains Differently Affected Calcium and PhosphorusHomeostasis from Intestinal Uptake to SystemicMetabolism in a Pig Model. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051542. [PMID: 32466313 PMCID: PMC7284645 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High intestinal availability of dietary phosphorus (P) may impair calcium (Ca)homeostasis and bone integrity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of phytasesupplementation in comparison to the soaking of cereal grains in 2.5% lactic acid (LA) on intestinalCa and P absorption; intestinal, renal, and bone gene expression regarding Ca and P homeostasis;bone parameters; and serum levels of regulatory hormones in growing pigs. Thirty-two pigs wererandomly assigned to one of four diets in a 2 × 2 factorial design in four replicate batches for 19days. The diets comprised either untreated or LA-treated wheat and maize without and withphytase supplementation (500 phytase units/kg). Although both treatments improved the Pbalance, phytase and LA-treated cereals differently modulated gene expression related to intestinalabsorption, and renal and bone metabolism of Ca and P, thereby altering homeostatic regulatorymechanisms as indicated by serum Ca, P, vitamin D, and fibroblast growth factor 23 levels.Moreover, phytase increased the gene expression related to reabsorption of Ca in the kidney,whereas LA-treated cereals decreased the expression of genes for osteoclastogenesis in bones,indicating an unbalanced systemic availability of minerals. In conclusion, high intestinalavailability of dietary P may impair Ca homeostasis and bone integrity.
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Mocayar Marón FJ, Ferder L, Reiter RJ, Manucha W. Daily and seasonal mitochondrial protection: Unraveling common possible mechanisms involving vitamin D and melatonin. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 199:105595. [PMID: 31954766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
From an evolutionary point of view, vitamin D and melatonin appeared very early and share functions related to defense mechanisms. In the current clinical setting, vitamin D is exclusively associated with phosphocalcic metabolism. Meanwhile, melatonin has chronobiological effects and influences the sleep-wake cycle. Scientific evidence, however, has identified new actions of both molecules in different physiological and pathological settings. The biosynthetic pathways of vitamin D and melatonin are inversely related relative to sun exposure. A deficiency of these molecules has been associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including arterial hypertension, neurodegenerative diseases, sleep disorders, kidney diseases, cancer, psychiatric disorders, bone diseases, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, among others. During aging, the intake and cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D, as well as the endogenous synthesis of melatonin are remarkably depleted, therefore, producing a state characterized by an increase of oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Both molecules are involved in the homeostatic functioning of the mitochondria. Given the presence of specific receptors in the organelle, the antagonism of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the decrease of reactive species of oxygen (ROS), in conjunction with modifications in autophagy and apoptosis, anti-inflammatory properties inter alia, mitochondria emerge as the final common target for melatonin and vitamin D. The primary purpose of this review is to elucidate the common molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D and melatonin might share a synergistic effect in the protection of proper mitochondrial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feres José Mocayar Marón
- Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Argentina; Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - León Ferder
- Department of Pediatrics, Nephrology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Walter Manucha
- Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Argentina; Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina.
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Meng F, Bertucci C, Gao Y, Li J, Luu S, LeBoff MS, Glowacki J, Zhou S. Fibroblast growth factor 23 counters vitamin D metabolism and action in human mesenchymal stem cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 199:105587. [PMID: 32004706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with elevated circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), impaired renal biosynthesis of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1α,25(OH)2D), low bone mass, and increased fracture risk. Our previous data with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) indicated that vitamin D metabolism in hMSCs is regulated as it is in the kidney and promotes osteoblastogenesis in an autocrine/paracrine manner. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that FGF23 inhibits vitamin D metabolism and action in hMSCs. hMSCs were isolated from discarded marrow during hip arthroplasty, including two subjects receiving hemodialysis and a series of 20 subjects (aged 49-83 years) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) data. The direct in vitro effects of rhFGF23 on hMSCs were analyzed by RT-PCR, Western immunoblot, and biochemical assays. Ex vivo analyses showed positive correlations for both secreted and membrane-bound αKlotho gene expression in hMSCs with eGFR of the subjects from whom hMSCs were isolated. There was downregulated constitutive expression of αKlotho, but not FGFR1 in hMSCs obtained from two hemodialysis subjects. In vitro, rhFGF23 countered vitamin D-stimulated osteoblast differentiation of hMSCs by reducing the vitamin D receptor, CYP27B1/1α-hydroxylase, biosynthesis of 1α,25(OH)2D3, and signaling through BMP-7. These data demonstrate that dysregulated vitamin D metabolism in hMSCs may contribute to impaired osteoblastogenesis and altered bone and mineral metabolism in CKD subjects due to elevated FGF23. This supports the importance of intracellular vitamin D metabolism in autocrine/paracrine regulation of osteoblast differentiation in hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangang Meng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Christopher Bertucci
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Simon Luu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meryl S LeBoff
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie Glowacki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Cheikhi A, Barchowsky A, Sahu A, Shinde SN, Pius A, Clemens ZJ, Li H, Kennedy CA, Hoeck JD, Franti M, Ambrosio F. Klotho: An Elephant in Aging Research. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1031-1042. [PMID: 30843026 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2017 marked the 20th anniversary of the first publication describing Klotho. This single protein was and is remarkable in that its absence in mice conferred an accelerated aging, or progeroid, phenotype with a dramatically shortened life span. On the other hand, genetic overexpression extended both health span and life span by an impressive 30%. Not only has Klotho deficiency been linked to a number of debilitating age-related illnesses but many subsequent reports have lent credence to the idea that Klotho can compress the period of morbidity and extend the life span of both model organisms and humans. This suggests that Klotho functions as an integrator of organ systems, making it both a promising tool for advancing our understanding of the biology of aging and an intriguing target for interventional studies. In this review, we highlight advances in our understanding of Klotho as well as key challenges that have somewhat limited our view, and thus translational potential, of this potent protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Cheikhi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Aaron Barchowsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Amrita Sahu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Sunita N Shinde
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Abish Pius
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Zachary J Clemens
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Biotherapeutics Discovery, Research Division, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Charles A Kennedy
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Joerg D Hoeck
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Michael Franti
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Bejder J, Robach P, Lundby A, Cornu C, Sallet P, Cairo G, Lundby C. Low doses of recombinant human erythropoietin does not affect C‐terminal FGF23 in healthy men. Drug Test Anal 2020; 12:975-979. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Bejder
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS) University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Paul Robach
- National School of Mountain Sports Chamonix France
| | - Anne‐Kristine Lundby
- Center for Physical Activity Research University Hospital of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Catherine Cornu
- Hospices Civils de Lyon INSERM CIC1407/UMR5558, Hôspital Louis Pradel Bron France
| | | | - Gaetano Cairo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health University of Milan Italy
| | - Carsten Lundby
- Center for Physical Activity Research University Hospital of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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Jackmann N, Mäkitie O, Harila-Saari A, Gustafsson J, Nezirevic Dernroth D, Frisk P. Vitamin D status in children with leukemia, its predictors, and association with outcome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28163. [PMID: 31925904 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents with leukemia are potentially at high risk of vitamin D inadequacy, which may have clinical relevance for skeletal morbidity, infections, and cancer outcome. This study aimed to evaluate vitamin D status at the time of diagnosis to investigate its predictors and association with overall survival in children with leukemia. PROCEDURE We included all 295 children and adolescents diagnosed with leukemia at our institution between 1990 and 2016 who had available serum sample from the time of diagnosis. We analyzed serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels and correlated them with clinical data. RESULTS The 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was deficient (< 25 nmol/L), insufficient (25-50 nmol/L), sufficient (50-75 nmol/L), and optimal (> 75 nmol/L) in 6.4%, 26.8%, 39.7%, and 27.1% of the children, respectively. Older age and a more recent time of sampling (calendar year) predicted lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D level. In preschool children (age ≤6 years), lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was also associated with acute myeloid leukemia, and a 25-hydroxyvitamin D level < 50 nmol/L was associated with inferior overall survival. In school-aged children (age > 6 years), the 25-hydroxyvitamin D level showed significant seasonal variation. CONCLUSION It remains unclear whether vitamin D supplementation in pediatric leukemia patients will improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalja Jackmann
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arja Harila-Saari
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Gustafsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dzeneta Nezirevic Dernroth
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Frisk
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Protective Role of Vitamin D in Renal Tubulopathies. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10030115. [PMID: 32204545 PMCID: PMC7142711 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10030115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is tightly linked with renal tubular homeostasis: the mitochondria of proximal convoluted tubule cells are the production site of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Patients with renal impairment or tubular injury often suffer from chronic inflammation. This alteration comes from oxidative stress, acidosis, decreased clearance of inflammatory cytokines and stimulation of inflammatory factors. The challenge is to find the right formula for each patient to correctly modulate the landscape of treatment and preserve the essential functions of the organism without perturbating its homeostasis. The complexity of the counter-regulation mechanisms and the different axis involved in the Vitamin D equilibrium pose a major issue on Vitamin D as a potential effective anti-inflammatory drug. The therapeutic use of this compound should be able to inhibit the development of inflammation without interfering with normal homeostasis. Megalin-Cubilin-Amnionless and the FGF23-Klotho axis represent two Vitamin D-linked mechanisms that could modulate and ameliorate the damage response at the renal tubular level, balancing Vitamin D therapy with an effect potent enough to contrast the inflammatory cascades, but which avoids potential severe side effects.
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Zbroch E, Bazyluk A, Malyszko J, Koc-Zorawska E, Rydzewska-Rosolowska A, Kakareko K, Hryszko T. The Serum Concentration of Anti-Aging Proteins, Sirtuin1 and αKlotho in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease on Maintenance Hemodialysis. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:387-393. [PMID: 32214805 PMCID: PMC7084123 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s236980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) acts as an anti-aging protein due to anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effect and is implicated in several diseases including diabetes or cardiovascular problems. SIRT1 renal overexpression indicates oxidative stress. Similarly, αKlotho was primarily exposed as anti-aging factor. It is primary produced in kidney. It’s deficiency is associated with progression of chronic kidney disease and heart disorders. Purpose The aim of the study was to assess the serum concentration of sirtuin1 and αKlotho in hemodialysis (HD) patients compared to healthy volunteers in regard to age, blood pressure control, residual kidney function (RKF), diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dialysis vintage and type of dialyzer. Patients and Methods The serum level of SIRT1 and αKlotho was evaluated using ELISA tests in 103 HD patients, median age 67 years and in 21 volunteers. Blood pressure, RRF, echocardiography and dialysis parameters were assessed. HD group was divided according to the presence/absence of RKF. Results The serum SIRT1 level was higher (28.4 vs 2.71ng/mL, p<0.0001) and αKlotho was lower (433.9 vs 756.6pg/mL, p<0.0001) in HD then in control group. αKlotho was lower in those without RKF (387.2 vs 486.2pg/mL, p=0.028). SIRT1 positively correlated with hemodialysis vintage. αKlotho negatively correlated with left ventricular posterior wall thickness. There was no significant relationship between SIRT1 and αKlotho level and age, blood pressure control, type of dialyzer, Kt/V and diabetes. Multivariate analysis revealed association of SIRT1 with ejection fraction (B −0.72; p=0.32). Conclusion Elevated SIRT1 and lower αKlotho concentration are associated with impaired kidney function. The decrease in levels of αKlotho may also indicate heart hypertrophy in hemodialysis patients. The role of anti-aging proteins, particularly SIRT1 as biomarkers/predictors of oxidative stress, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases need further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Zbroch
- 2-nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Centre, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Angelika Bazyluk
- 2-nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Centre, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jolanta Malyszko
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Koc-Zorawska
- 2-nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Centre, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Kakareko
- 2-nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Centre, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hryszko
- 2-nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Centre, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
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Zhong X, Jagarlapudi S, Weng Y, Ly M, Rouse JC, McClure K, Ishino T, Zhang Y, Sousa E, Cohen J, Tzvetkova B, Cote K, Scarcelli JJ, Johnson K, Palandra J, Apgar JR, Yaddanapudi S, Gonzalez-Villalobos RA, Opsahl AC, Lam K, Yao Q, Duan W, Sievers A, Zhou J, Ferguson D, D'Antona A, Zollner R, Zhu HL, Kriz R, Lin L, Clerin V. Structure-function relationships of the soluble form of the antiaging protein Klotho have therapeutic implications for managing kidney disease. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3115-3133. [PMID: 32005658 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The fortuitously discovered antiaging membrane protein αKlotho (Klotho) is highly expressed in the kidney, and deletion of the Klotho gene in mice causes a phenotype strikingly similar to that of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Klotho functions as a co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) signaling, whereas its shed extracellular domain, soluble Klotho (sKlotho), carrying glycosidase activity, is a humoral factor that regulates renal health. Low sKlotho in CKD is associated with disease progression, and sKlotho supplementation has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for managing CKD. Here, we explored the structure-function relationship and post-translational modifications of sKlotho variants to guide the future design of sKlotho-based therapeutics. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)- and human embryonic kidney (HEK)-derived WT sKlotho proteins had varied activities in FGF23 co-receptor and β-glucuronidase assays in vitro and distinct properties in vivo Sialidase treatment of heavily sialylated CHO-sKlotho increased its co-receptor activity 3-fold, yet it remained less active than hyposialylated HEK-sKlotho. MS and glycopeptide-mapping analyses revealed that HEK-sKlotho is uniquely modified with an unusual N-glycan structure consisting of N,N'-di-N-acetyllactose diamine at multiple N-linked sites, one of which at Asn-126 was adjacent to a putative GalNAc transfer motif. Site-directed mutagenesis and structural modeling analyses directly implicated N-glycans in Klotho's protein folding and function. Moreover, the introduction of two catalytic glutamate residues conserved across glycosidases into sKlotho enhanced its glucuronidase activity but decreased its FGF23 co-receptor activity, suggesting that these two functions might be structurally divergent. These findings open up opportunities for rational engineering of pharmacologically enhanced sKlotho therapeutics for managing kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhong
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.
| | - Srinath Jagarlapudi
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Yan Weng
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Mellisa Ly
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810
| | - Jason C Rouse
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810
| | - Kim McClure
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Tetsuya Ishino
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Yan Zhang
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Eric Sousa
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Justin Cohen
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Boriana Tzvetkova
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810
| | - Kaffa Cote
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810
| | - John J Scarcelli
- Cell Line Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810
| | - Keith Johnson
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810
| | - Joe Palandra
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - James R Apgar
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Suma Yaddanapudi
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | | | - Alan C Opsahl
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Khetemenee Lam
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Qing Yao
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Weili Duan
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Annette Sievers
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Jing Zhou
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Darren Ferguson
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Aaron D'Antona
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Richard Zollner
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Hongli L Zhu
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Ron Kriz
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Laura Lin
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Valerie Clerin
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.
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Association of Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF-23) With Incident Frailty in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Individuals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2019; 80:118-125. [PMID: 30299347 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, we examined whether fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), a bone-derived phosphaturic hormone involved in bone metabolism, is associated with incident frailty. Furthermore, we examined whether this association differs by HIV serostatus and race. METHODS Of 715 men assessed for frailty and selected for FGF-23 measurements using stored blood samples (2007-2011), 512 men were nonfrail at/before the baseline visit. Frailty was defined by the presence of ≥3 of the following on 2 consecutive 6-month visits within 1 year: unintentional weight loss ≥10 pounds, weakness, slowness, low energy, and low physical activity. We determined the association of FGF-23 levels with incident frailty using proportional hazards models adjusting for sociodemographics, comorbidities, and kidney function. RESULTS Sixty-five percent were HIV-infected; 29% were black. Median baseline FGF-23 levels were lower in HIV-infected vs. HIV-uninfected men (33.7 vs. 39.9 rU/mL, P = 0.006) but similar by race. During a median follow-up of 6.6 years, 32 men developed frailty; they had higher baseline FGF-23 levels vs. men who remained nonfrail (45 vs. 36 rU/mL, P = 0.02). FGF-23 (per doubling) was associated with a 1.63-fold risk of frailty [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19 to 2.23]; results did not differ by HIV serostatus. Conversely, FGF-23 was associated with a 2.72-fold risk of frailty among blacks (95% CI: 1.51 to 4.91) but had minimal association among nonblacks (hazard ratio = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.77 to 2.05; p-interaction = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Among men with or at-risk of HIV infection, higher FGF-23 was associated with greater risk of frailty, particularly in blacks. The mechanisms by which FGF-23 may contribute to frailty warrant further study.
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FGF23 at the crossroads of phosphate, iron economy and erythropoiesis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019; 16:7-19. [PMID: 31519999 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-019-0189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) was initially characterized as an important regulator of phosphate and calcium homeostasis. New research advances demonstrate that FGF23 is also linked to iron economy, inflammation and erythropoiesis. These advances have been fuelled, in part, by the serendipitous development of two distinct FGF23 assays that can substitute for invasive bone biopsies to infer the activity of the three main steps of FGF23 regulation in bone: transcription, post-translational modification and peptide cleavage. This 'liquid bone biopsy for FGF23 dynamics' enables large-scale longitudinal studies of FGF23 regulation that would otherwise be impossible in humans. The balance between FGF23 production, post-translational modification and cleavage is maintained or perturbed in different hereditary monogenic conditions and in acquired conditions that mimic these genetic disorders, including iron deficiency, inflammation, treatment with ferric carboxymaltose and chronic kidney disease. Looking ahead, a deeper understanding of the relationships between FGF23 regulation, iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis can be leveraged to devise novel therapeutic targets for treatment of anaemia and states of FGF23 excess, including chronic kidney disease.
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Mazucanti CH, Kawamoto EM, Mattson MP, Scavone C, Camandola S. Activity-dependent neuronal Klotho enhances astrocytic aerobic glycolysis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1544-1556. [PMID: 29493420 PMCID: PMC6681535 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18762700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of the β-glucuronidase protein α-Klotho have been associated with premature aging, and altered cognitive function. Although highly expressed in specific areas of the brain, Klotho functions in the central nervous system remain unknown. Here, we show that cultured hippocampal neurons respond to insulin and glutamate stimulation by elevating Klotho protein levels. Conversely, AMPA and NMDA antagonism suppress neuronal Klotho expression. We also provide evidence that soluble Klotho enhances astrocytic aerobic glycolysis by hindering pyruvate metabolism through the mitochondria, and stimulating its processing by lactate dehydrogenase. Pharmacological inhibition of FGFR1, Erk phosphorylation, and monocarboxylic acid transporters prevents Klotho-induced lactate release from astrocytes. Taken together, these data suggest Klotho is a potential new player in the metabolic coupling between neurons and astrocytes. Neuronal glutamatergic activity and insulin modulation elicit Klotho release, which in turn stimulates astrocytic lactate formation and release. Lactate can then be used by neurons and other cells types as a metabolic substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio H Mazucanti
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa M Kawamoto
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mark P Mattson
- 2 Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.,3 Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- 2 Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abolghasemi M, Yousefi T, Maniati M, Qujeq D. The interplay of Klotho with signaling pathway and microRNAs in cancers. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14306-14317. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abolghasemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
- Student Research Committee Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
| | - Tooba Yousefi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
- Student Research Committee Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- Assistant Professor of the English Department Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
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Qiu J, Qin M, Fan B, Chen X. Klotho Protein Reduced the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in Fibroblasts from Patients with Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) by Down-Regulating the Phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3815-3824. [PMID: 31116709 PMCID: PMC6542300 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is due to age-related atrophy and the weakening of the tissues of the pelvic floor, with degradation of collagen and extracellular matrix (ECM) by metalloproteinases (MMPs). This study aimed to investigates the role of the age-related enzyme klotho, encoded by the KL gene, in cultured fibroblasts obtained from patients with POP and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and MMPs. Material/Methods Pelvic floor fibroblasts were obtained from connective tissue from three patients with POP and three normal subjects. Cell proliferation and ROS production were measured using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), klotho, metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), MMP-3, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), and p-ERK1/2 were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blot. Results In cultured pelvic floor fibroblasts from patients with POP, the expression of klotho protein and klotho mRNA were significantly down-regulated in fibroblasts from patients with POP compared with normal fibroblasts. Klotho supplementation in cultured fibroblasts for patients with POP included increased cell growth, reduced expression of ROS reduction, and reduced the secretion of IL-6. Using qRT-PCR and Western blot, klotho supplementation of fibroblasts from patients with POP increased cell growth and reduced the levels of IL-6 and ROS in a dose-dependent way. Conclusions Klotho protein reduced the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in fibroblasts from patients with POP by down-regulating the phosphorylation of ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qiu
- Department of Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Menglu Qin
- Department of Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Bozhen Fan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xinliang Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Zhang AH, Guo WK, Yu L, Liu WH. Relationship of Serum Soluble Klotho Levels and Echocardiographic Parameters in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis. Kidney Blood Press Res 2019; 44:396-404. [DOI: 10.1159/000499200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Uremic cardiomyopathy, characterized by myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, has a significant contribution to these adverse cardiac outcomes. The protective effect of soluble Klotho (s-Klotho) on myocardial damage was demonstrated in in vitro and animal experiments. However, data from MHD patients is limited. The present study was designed to identify potential correlations between echocardiographic parameters and serum s-Klotho levels in MHD patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 105 MHD patients from the Dialysis Center of Capital Medical University affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital between March and October 2014. The general information for each patient was recorded. Fasting blood samples were collected prior to hemodialysis during the mid-week session in all patients. The echocardiogram and left lateral lumbar spine radiograph were performed after the same mid-week session. The dialysis records for each session within 3 months before the blood tests were documented. According to the quartiles of s-Klotho levels, patients were divided into four groups (Group 1–4). The demographic and clinical characteristics, echocardiographic parameters, and abdominal aortic calcification scores among the groups were compared. Results: The enrolled 105 patients were predominantly male (54.3%) with an average age of 59.9 ± 11.2 years. Previous hemodialysis durations were 76 (42–133) months. Sixteen (15.2%) patients had diabetes mellitus. Mean serum s-Klotho level was 411.83 ± 152.95 pg/mL, and the 25th percentile, 50th percentile, and 75th percentile values of serum s-Klotho levels were 298.9, 412, and 498.2 pg/mL, respectively. Individuals in the bottom quartile of s-Klotho levels (Group 1) had significantly increased interventricular septal thickness (IVST) compared to those in the other three quartiles of s-Klotho levels (Group 1: 1.12 ± 0.16 cm; vs. Group 2: 1.12 ± 0.16 cm, p = 0.008; vs. Group 3: 0.94 ± 0.13 cm, p < 0.001; vs. Group 4: 1.03 ± 0.1 5 cm, p = 0.022). There were significant differences in the ratios of IVST and posterior wall thickness (PWT) between patients of Group 1 and Group 3 (1.12 ± 0.1 2 vs. 1.00 ± 0.1 4, p = 0.004). No significant differences were found for other parameters among the groups. The univariate correlation analyses showed that gender (r = –0.211, p = 0.030), Kt/V urea (r = –0.240, p = 0.014), hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) (r = 0.196, p = 0.045), and serum s-Klotho levels (r = –0.260, p = 0.007) significantly correlated with IVST. Ultimately, only hs-CRP and serum s-Klotho levels were entered into a multiple regression model. Conclusions: The present study showed that patients with lower circulating s-Klotho levels were more often associated with larger IVST and greater ratios of IVST and PWT. There was an independent association between s-Klotho and IVST, and lower s-Klotho levels seem to be a potential risk factor of uremic cardiomyopathy in MHD patients.
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Faye PA, Poumeaud F, Miressi F, Lia AS, Demiot C, Magy L, Favreau F, Sturtz FG. Focus on 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the Peripheral Nervous System. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:348. [PMID: 31031586 PMCID: PMC6474301 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we draw attention to the roles of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) in the trophicity of the peripheral nervous system. Calcitriol has long been known to be crucial in phosphocalcium homeostasis. However, recent discoveries concerning its involvement in the immune system, anti-cancer defenses, and central nervous system development suggest a more pleiotropic role than previously thought. Several studies have highlighted the impact of calcitriol deficiency as a promoting factor of various central neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Based on these findings and recent publications, a greater role for calcitriol may be envisioned in the peripheral nervous system. Indeed, calcitriol is involved in myelination, axonal homogeneity of peripheral nerves, and neuronal-cell differentiation. This may have useful clinical consequences, as calcitriol supplementation may be a simple means to avoid the onset and/or development of peripheral nervous-system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Antoine Faye
- EA 6309, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - François Poumeaud
- EA 6309, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Federica Miressi
- EA 6309, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Anne Sophie Lia
- EA 6309, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Claire Demiot
- EA 6309, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Laurent Magy
- CHU de Limoges, Reference Center for Rare Peripheral Neuropathies, Department of Neurology, Limoges, France
| | - Frédéric Favreau
- EA 6309, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Franck G. Sturtz
- EA 6309, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
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Thorsen IS, Bleskestad IH, Åsberg A, Hartmann A, Skadberg Ø, Brede C, Ueland T, Pasch A, Reisæter AV, Gøransson LG. Vitamin D as a risk factor for patient survival after kidney transplantation: A prospective observational cohort study. Clin Transplant 2019; 33:e13517. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inga S. Thorsen
- Department of Internal Medicine Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Inger H. Bleskestad
- Department of Internal Medicine Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway
| | - Anders Åsberg
- Department of Transplantation Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Norwegian Renal Registry Oslo Norway
| | - Anders Hartmann
- Department of Transplantation Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Øyvind Skadberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway
| | - Cato Brede
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | | | - Anna V. Reisæter
- Department of Transplantation Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Norwegian Renal Registry Oslo Norway
| | - Lasse G. Gøransson
- Department of Internal Medicine Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine University of Bergen Bergen Norway
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