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Zuccoli GS, Nascimento JM, Moraes-Vieira PM, Rehen SK, Martins-de-Souza D. Mitochondrial, cell cycle control and neuritogenesis alterations in an iPSC-based neurodevelopmental model for schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:1649-1664. [PMID: 37039888 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder of neurodevelopmental origin that affects around 1% of the world's population. Proteomic studies and other approaches have provided evidence of compromised cellular processes in the disorder, including mitochondrial function. Most of the studies so far have been conducted on postmortem brain tissue from patients, and therefore, do not allow the evaluation of the neurodevelopmental aspect of the disorder. To circumvent that, we studied the mitochondrial and nuclear proteomes of neural stem cells (NSCs) and neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from schizophrenia patients versus healthy controls to assess possible alterations related to energy metabolism and mitochondrial function during neurodevelopment in the disorder. Our results revealed differentially expressed proteins in pathways related to mitochondrial function, cell cycle control, DNA repair and neuritogenesis and their possible implication in key process of neurodevelopment, such as neuronal differentiation and axonal guidance signaling. Moreover, functional analysis of NSCs revealed alterations in mitochondrial oxygen consumption in schizophrenia-derived cells and a tendency of higher levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hence, this study shows evidence that alterations in important cellular processes are present during neurodevelopment and could be involved with the establishment of schizophrenia, as well as the phenotypic traits observed in adult patients. Neural stem cells (NSCs) and neurons were derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from schizophrenia patients and controls. Proteomic analyses were performed on the enriched mitochondrial and nuclear fractions of NSCs and neurons. Whole-cell proteomic analysis was also performed in neurons. Our results revealed alteration in proteins related to mitochondrial function, cell cycle control, among others. We also performed energy pathway analysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis of NSCs, which revealed alterations in mitochondrial oxygen consumption and a tendency of higher levels of intracellular ROS in schizophrenia-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana S Zuccoli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Nascimento
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stevens K Rehen
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil.
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Habibey R. Incubator-independent perfusion system integrated with microfluidic device for continuous electrophysiology and microscopy readouts. Biofabrication 2023; 15. [PMID: 36652708 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acb466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Advances in primary and stem cell derived neuronal cell culture techniques and abundance of available neuronal cell types have enabledin vitroneuroscience as a substantial approach to modelin vivoneuronal networks. Survival of the cultured neurons is inevitably dependent on the cell culture incubators to provide stable temperature and humidity and to supply required CO2levels for controlling the pH of culture medium. Therefore, imaging and electrophysiology recordings outside of the incubator are often limited to the short-term experimental sessions. This restricts our understanding of physiological events to the short snapshots of recorded data while the major part of temporal data is neglected. Multiple custom-made and commercially available platforms like integrated on-stage incubators have been designed to enable long-term microscopy. Nevertheless, long-term high-spatiotemporal electrophysiology recordings from developing neuronal networks needs to be addressed. In the present work an incubator-independent polydimethylsiloxane-based double-wall perfusion chamber was designed and integrated with multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) electrophysiology and compartmentalized microfluidic device to continuously record from engineered neuronal networks at sub-cellular resolution. Cell culture media underwent iterations of conditioning to the ambient CO2and adjusting its pH to physiological ranges to retain a stable pH for weeks outside of the incubator. Double-wall perfusion chamber and an integrated air bubble trapper reduced media evaporation and osmolality drifts of the conditioned media for two weeks. Aligned microchannel-microfluidic device on MEA electrodes allowed neurite growth on top of the planar electrodes and amplified their extracellular activity. This enabled continuous sub-cellular resolution imaging and electrophysiology recordings from developing networks and their growing neurites. The on-chip versatile and self-contained system provides long-term, continuous and high spatiotemporal access to the network data and offers a robustin vitroplatform with many potentials to be applied on advanced cell culture systems including organ-on-chip and organoid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah Habibey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, University of Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Straße 2, D-53127 Bonn, Germany.,CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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3
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Namjoo E, Shekari M, Piruozi A, Forouzandeh H, Khalafkhany D, Vahedi A, Ahmadi I. Haloperidol's Effect on the Expressions of TGFB, NT-3, and BDNF genes in Cultured Rat Microglia. Basic Clin Neurosci 2020; 11:49-58. [PMID: 32483475 PMCID: PMC7253822 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.11.1.1272.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Microglia, small glial cells, i.e. mesodermal in origin and found in the brain and spinal cord, play a key role in the maintenance of neurons and immune defense. Haloperidol, an antipsychotic drug, is used to treat numerous neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Its mechanism is not understood; however, haloperidol may result in Wnt signaling pathway activation. This study aimed to activate the Wnt signaling pathway using haloperidol and determining the effect of GSK3 inhibition on the expression of TGFB, NT-3, and BDNF genes in cultured rat microglia. Methods: Microglia isolation was conducted, and the immunohistochemistry technique was performed to confirm microglia purity. The RNA extraction was followed by cDNA synthesis. Real-time RT-PCR was used to evaluate any significant changes in the expression level of these genes. Results: The three gene expressions in microglia were proportional to the different concentrations of the drug. More concentration of drugs resulted in higher levels of expression of these genes. Besides, the haloperidol did not affect the expression of the beta-actin gene as the reference gene. Conclusion: The obtained results supported the beneficial use of haloperidol in targeted microglia therapy. This study can be a breakthrough in neurology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Namjoo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arsenjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shekari
- Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Aliyar Piruozi
- Gerash Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Hossein Forouzandeh
- Gerash Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Davod Khalafkhany
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Bogazic University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdolvahid Vahedi
- Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Iraj Ahmadi
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Bogazic University, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Korecka JA, Thomas R, Christensen DP, Hinrich AJ, Ferrari EJ, Levy SA, Hastings ML, Hallett PJ, Isacson O. Mitochondrial clearance and maturation of autophagosomes are compromised in LRRK2 G2019S familial Parkinson's disease patient fibroblasts. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:3232-3243. [PMID: 31261377 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study utilized human fibroblasts as a preclinical discovery and diagnostic platform for identification of cell biological signatures specific for the LRRK2 G2019S mutation producing Parkinson's disease (PD). Using live cell imaging with a pH-sensitive Rosella biosensor probe reflecting lysosomal breakdown of mitochondria, mitophagy rates were found to be decreased in fibroblasts carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation compared to cells isolated from healthy subject (HS) controls. The mutant LRRK2 increased kinase activity was reduced by pharmacological inhibition and targeted antisense oligonucleotide treatment, which normalized mitophagy rates in the G2019S cells and also increased mitophagy levels in HS cells. Detailed mechanistic analysis showed a reduction of mature autophagosomes in LRRK2 G2019S fibroblasts, which was rescued by LRRK2 specific kinase inhibition. These findings demonstrate an important role for LRRK2 protein in regulation of mitochondrial clearance by the lysosomes, which is hampered in PD with the G2019S mutation. The current results are relevant for cell phenotypic diagnostic approaches and potentially for stratification of PD patients for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna A Korecka
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Ria Thomas
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Dan P Christensen
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Anthony J Hinrich
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Eliza J Ferrari
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Simon A Levy
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Michelle L Hastings
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Penelope J Hallett
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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5
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Lopatkina ME, Lebedev IN. Transcriptome Analysis as a Tool for Investigation of Pathogenesis of Chromosomal Diseases. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420050099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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Artero-Castro A, Rodriguez-Jimenez FJ, Jendelova P, VanderWall KB, Meyer JS, Erceg S. Glaucoma as a Neurodegenerative Disease Caused by Intrinsic Vulnerability Factors. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 193:101817. [PMID: 32360241 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma, one of the most common causes of blindness in developing countries today, involves a progressive loss of neural cells in the optic nerve that leads to progressive, irreversible vision loss. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) presents as a major risk factor for glaucoma, although there exist cases of glaucoma patients with normal IOP that exhibit damage to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the optic nerve. However, treatment approaches have maintained their focus on modifying IOP due to a lack of other modifiable risks factors. Traditional concepts in glaucoma involve the neuronal environment and external effects as a source of causative factors; however, studies have yet to investigate whether the molecular profile of RGCs in glaucoma patients makes them more vulnerable and/or susceptible to external damage. Our hypothesis states that molecular changes at the whole cell, gene expression, and electrophysiological level of the neurons can contribute to their degeneration. Herein, we briefly describe different types of glaucoma and any similarities to different molecular and cellular features of neurodegeneration. To test our hypothesis, we describe human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) as a reliable cellular tool to model neurodegenerative aspects of glaucoma to reveal the multiple pathological molecular mechanisms underlying disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Artero-Castro
- Stem Cells Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Research Center "Principe Felipe", Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - Pavla Jendelova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Neuroregeneration, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Kirstin B VanderWall
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Jason S Meyer
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Slaven Erceg
- Stem Cells Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Research Center "Principe Felipe", Valencia, Spain; National Stem Cell Bank-Valencia Node, Platform for Proteomics, Genotyping and Cell Lines, PRB3,ISCIII, Research Center "Principe Felipe", Valencia, Spain; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Neuroregeneration, Prague, Czech Republic.
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7
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Bogetofte H, Jensen P, Okarmus J, Schmidt SI, Agger M, Ryding M, Nørregaard P, Fenger C, Zeng X, Graakjær J, Ryan BJ, Wade-Martins R, Larsen MR, Meyer M. Perturbations in RhoA signalling cause altered migration and impaired neuritogenesis in human iPSC-derived neural cells with PARK2 mutation. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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8
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Electrophoretic mobility of neuron-like cells regenerated from iPSCs with induction of retinoic acid- and nerve growth factor-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Lavisse S, Williams S, Lecourtois S, van Camp N, Guillermier M, Gipchtein P, Jan C, Goutal S, Eymin L, Valette J, Delzescaux T, Perrier AL, Hantraye P, Aron Badin R. Longitudinal characterization of cognitive and motor deficits in an excitotoxic lesion model of striatal dysfunction in non-human primates. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104484. [PMID: 31132407 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As research progresses in the understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington's disease (HD) and expands towards preclinical work for the development of new therapies, highly relevant animal models are increasingly needed to test new hypotheses and to validate new therapeutic approaches. In this light, we characterized an excitotoxic lesion model of striatal dysfunction in non-human primates (NHPs) using cognitive and motor behaviour assessment as well as functional imaging and post-mortem anatomical analyses. NHPs received intra-striatal stereotaxic injections of quinolinic acid bilaterally in the caudate nucleus and unilaterally in the left sensorimotor putamen. Post-operative MRI scans showed atrophy of the caudate nucleus and a large ventricular enlargement in all 6 NHPs that correlated with post-mortem measurements. Behavioral analysis showed deficits in 2 analogues of the Wisconsin card sorting test (perseverative behavior) and in an executive task, while no deficits were observed in a visual recognition or an episodic memory task at 6 months following surgery. Spontaneous locomotor activity was decreased after lesion and the incidence of apomorphine-induced dyskinesias was significantly increased at 3 and 6 months following lesion. Positron emission tomography scans obtained at end-point showed a major deficit in glucose metabolism and D2 receptor density limited to the lesioned striatum of all NHPs compared to controls. Post-mortem analyses revealed a significant loss of medium-sized spiny neurons in the striatum, a loss of neurons and fibers in the globus pallidus, a unilateral decrease in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra and a loss of neurons in the motor and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Overall, we show that this robust NHP model presents specific behavioral (learning, execution and retention of cognitive tests) and metabolic functional deficits that, to the best of our knowledge, are currently not mimicked in any available large animal model of striatal dysfunction. Moreover, we used non-invasive, translational techniques like behavior and imaging to quantify such deficits and found that they correlate to a significant cell loss in the striatum and its main input and output structures. This model can thus significantly contribute to the pre-clinical longitudinal evaluation of the ability of new therapeutic cell, gene or pharmacotherapy approaches in restoring the functionality of the striatal circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Lavisse
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Susannah Williams
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Sophie Lecourtois
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Nadja van Camp
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Martine Guillermier
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Pauline Gipchtein
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Caroline Jan
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Sébastien Goutal
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Leopold Eymin
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Julien Valette
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Thierry Delzescaux
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Anselme L Perrier
- Inserm U861, I-STEM, AFM, Corbeil-Essonnes 91100, cedex, France; UEVE U861, I-STEM, AFM, Corbeil-Essonnes 91100, cedex, France.
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Romina Aron Badin
- MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF/LMN, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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10
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Sodium valproate rescues expression of TRANK1 in iPSC-derived neural cells that carry a genetic variant associated with serious mental illness. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:613-624. [PMID: 30135510 PMCID: PMC6894932 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological characterization of genetic variants identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) remains a substantial challenge. Here we used human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and their neural derivatives to characterize common variants on chromosome 3p22 that have been associated by GWAS with major mental illnesses. IPSC-derived neural progenitor cells carrying the risk allele of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs9834970, displayed lower baseline TRANK1 expression that was rescued by chronic treatment with therapeutic dosages of valproic acid (VPA). VPA had the greatest effects on TRANK1 expression in iPSC, NPC, and astrocytes. Although rs9834970 has no known function, we demonstrated that a nearby SNP, rs906482, strongly affects binding by the transcription factor, CTCF, and that the high-affinity allele usually occurs on haplotypes carrying the rs9834970 risk allele. Decreased expression of TRANK1 perturbed expression of many genes involved in neural development and differentiation. These findings have important implications for the pathophysiology of major mental illnesses and the development of novel therapeutics.
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11
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Zhao X, Bhattacharyya A. Human Models Are Needed for Studying Human Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:829-857. [PMID: 30526865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of animal models of neurological disease has been instrumental in furthering our understanding of neurodevelopment and brain diseases. However, animal models are limited in revealing some of the most fundamental aspects of development, genetics, pathology, and disease mechanisms that are unique to humans. These shortcomings are exaggerated in disorders that affect the brain, where the most significant differences between humans and animal models exist, and could underscore failures in targeted therapeutic interventions in affected individuals. Human pluripotent stem cells have emerged as a much-needed model system for investigating human-specific biology and disease mechanisms. However, questions remain regarding whether these cell-culture-based models are sufficient or even necessary. In this review, we summarize human-specific features of neurodevelopment and the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, present discrepancies between animal models and human diseases, demonstrate how human stem cell models can provide meaningful information, and discuss the challenges that exist in our pursuit to understand distinctively human aspects of neurodevelopment and brain disease. This information argues for a more thoughtful approach to disease modeling through consideration of the valuable features and limitations of each model system, be they human or animal, to mimic disease characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- Waisman Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA.
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA.
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12
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Real R, Peter M, Trabalza A, Khan S, Smith MA, Dopp J, Barnes SJ, Momoh A, Strano A, Volpi E, Knott G, Livesey FJ, De Paola V. In vivo modeling of human neuron dynamics and Down syndrome. Science 2018; 362:science.aau1810. [PMID: 30309905 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing the potential of human stem cells for modeling the physiology and diseases of cortical circuitry requires monitoring cellular dynamics in vivo. We show that human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neurons transplanted into the adult mouse cortex consistently organized into large (up to ~100 mm3) vascularized neuron-glia territories with complex cytoarchitecture. Longitudinal imaging of >4000 grafted developing human neurons revealed that neuronal arbors refined via branch-specific retraction; human synaptic networks substantially restructured over 4 months, with balanced rates of synapse formation and elimination; and oscillatory population activity mirrored the patterns of fetal neural networks. Lastly, we found increased synaptic stability and reduced oscillations in transplants from two individuals with Down syndrome, demonstrating the potential of in vivo imaging in human tissue grafts for patient-specific modeling of cortical development, physiology, and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Real
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.,Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Manuel Peter
- Gurdon Institute and ARUK Stem Cell Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Antonio Trabalza
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.,Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Shabana Khan
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.,Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mark A Smith
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.,Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joana Dopp
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Samuel J Barnes
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ayiba Momoh
- Gurdon Institute and ARUK Stem Cell Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Alessio Strano
- Gurdon Institute and ARUK Stem Cell Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Emanuela Volpi
- University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish St., London W1W 6UW, UK
| | | | - Frederick J Livesey
- Gurdon Institute and ARUK Stem Cell Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK. .,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St., London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Vincenzo De Paola
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK. .,Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, UK
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13
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In Vivo Imaging of CNS Injury and Disease. J Neurosci 2017; 37:10808-10816. [PMID: 29118209 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1826-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo optical imaging has emerged as a powerful tool with which to study cellular responses to injury and disease in the mammalian CNS. Important new insights have emerged regarding axonal degeneration and regeneration, glial responses and neuroinflammation, changes in the neurovascular unit, and, more recently, neural transplantations. Accompanying a 2017 SfN Mini-Symposium, here, we discuss selected recent advances in understanding the neuronal, glial, and other cellular responses to CNS injury and disease with in vivo imaging of the rodent brain or spinal cord. We anticipate that in vivo optical imaging will continue to be at the forefront of breakthrough discoveries of fundamental mechanisms and therapies for CNS injury and disease.
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Repulsive Guidance Molecule a (RGMa) Induces Neuropathological and Behavioral Changes That Closely Resemble Parkinson's Disease. J Neurosci 2017; 37:9361-9379. [PMID: 28842419 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0084-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Repulsive guidance molecule member a (RGMa) is a membrane-associated or released guidance molecule that is involved in axon guidance, cell patterning, and cell survival. In our previous work, we showed that RGMa is significantly upregulated in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease. Here we demonstrate the expression of RGMa in midbrain human dopaminergic (DA) neurons. To investigate whether RGMa might model aspects of the neuropathology of Parkinson's disease in mouse, we targeted RGMa to adult midbrain dopaminergic neurons using adeno-associated viral vectors. Overexpression of RGMa resulted in a progressive movement disorder, including motor coordination and imbalance, which is typical for a loss of DA release in the striatum. In line with this, RGMa induced selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and affected the integrity of the nigrostriatal system. The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons was accompanied by a strong microglia and astrocyte activation. The behavioral, molecular, and anatomical changes induced by RGMa in mice are remarkably similar to the clinical and neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease. Our data indicate that dysregulation of RGMa plays an important role in the pathology of Parkinson's disease, and antibody-mediated functional interference with RGMa may be a disease modifying treatment option.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by severe motor dysfunction due to progressive degeneration of mesencephalic dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. To date, there is no regenerative treatment available. We previously showed that repulsive guidance molecule member a (RGMa) is upregulated in the substantia nigra of PD patients. Adeno-associated virus-mediated targeting of RGMa to mouse DA neurons showed that overexpression of this repulsive axon guidance and cell patterning cue models the behavioral and neuropathological characteristics of PD in a remarkable way. These findings have implications for therapy development as interfering with the function of this specific axon guidance cue may be beneficial to the survival of DA neurons.
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15
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Teotia P, Van Hook MJ, Wichman CS, Allingham RR, Hauser MA, Ahmad I. Modeling Glaucoma: Retinal Ganglion Cells Generated from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells of Patients with SIX6 Risk Allele Show Developmental Abnormalities. Stem Cells 2017; 35:2239-2252. [PMID: 28792678 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma represents a group of multifactorial diseases with a unifying pathology of progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration, causing irreversible vision loss. To test the hypothesis that RGCs are intrinsically vulnerable in glaucoma, we have developed an in vitro model using the SIX6 risk allele carrying glaucoma patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for generating functional RGCs. Here, we demonstrate that the efficiency of RGC generation by SIX6 risk allele iPSCs is significantly lower than iPSCs-derived from healthy, age- and sex-matched controls. The decrease in the number of RGC generation is accompanied by repressed developmental expression of RGC regulatory genes. The SIX6 risk allele RGCs display short and simple neurites, reduced expression of guidance molecules, and immature electrophysiological signature. In addition, these cells have higher expression of glaucoma-associated genes, CDKN2A and CDKN2B, suggesting an early onset of the disease phenotype. Consistent with the developmental abnormalities, the SIX6 risk allele RGCs display global dysregulation of genes which map on developmentally relevant biological processes for RGC differentiation and signaling pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin that integrate diverse functions for differentiation, metabolism, and survival. The results suggest that SIX6 influences different stages of RGC differentiation and their survival; therefore, alteration in SIX6 function due to the risk allele may lead to cellular and molecular abnormalities. These abnormalities, if carried into adulthood, may make RGCs vulnerable in glaucoma. Stem Cells 2017;35:2239-2252.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Teotia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Matthew J Van Hook
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Christopher S Wichman
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - R Rand Allingham
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael A Hauser
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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16
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Murillo JR, Goto-Silva L, Sánchez A, Nogueira FCS, Domont GB, Junqueira M. Quantitative proteomic analysis identifies proteins and pathways related to neuronal development in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2017; 16:1-11. [PMID: 29900121 PMCID: PMC5965715 DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation analysis of SH-SY5Y cells with iTRAQ strategy is proposed. Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells are more appropriated as a neuronal model. Upregulated proteins are mainly related to ECM-interaction and apoptosis. Proteins to explore as differentiation markers: AGRN, EMILIM-1, AIFM, STMN1.
SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells are susceptible to differentiation using retinoic acid (RA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), providing a model of neuronal differentiation. We compared SH-SY5Y cells proteome before and after RA/BDNF treatment using iTRAQ and phosphopeptide enrichment strategies. We identified 5587 proteins, 366 of them with differential abundance. Differentiated cells expressed proteins related to neuronal development, and, undifferentiated cells expressed proteins involved in cell proliferation. Interactive network covered focal adhesion, cytoskeleton dynamics and neurodegenerative diseases processes and regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase-related signaling pathways; key proteins involved in those processes might be explored as markers for neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Rodriguez Murillo
- Proteomics Unit, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Goto-Silva
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), 22281-100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aniel Sánchez
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.,Center of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry, Biomedical Center D13, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fábio C S Nogueira
- Proteomics Unit, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilberto B Domont
- Proteomics Unit, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Magno Junqueira
- Proteomics Unit, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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Ruangjaroon T, Chokchaichamnankit D, Srisomsap C, Svasti J, Paricharttanakul NM. Involvement of vimentin in neurite outgrowth damage induced by fipronil in SH-SY5Y cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:652-658. [PMID: 28322794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil, a phenylpyrazole insecticide, is more selective in its potency towards insects than humans and is thus commonly used. In this study, we demonstrated that exposure to fipronil may pose a human health risk. We observed in vitro the shortening of neurite outgrowths of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells upon treatment with fipronil, even at a non-cytotoxic concentration. Fipronil induced apoptosis involving caspase-6, which is an apoptotic effector highly implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, at a concentration that did not induce apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagic vacuole formation were detected. Interestingly using proteomics, we identified vimentin to be dramatically expressed by SH-SY5Y cells as a response to fipronil treatment. Not only did the expression of total vimentin increase, different isoforms were observed, indicating alterations in post-translational modifications. Vimentin was localized at the neurite outgrowth, possibly to repair the damage in cellular structure. However at high concentrations of fipronil, vimentin was found in less defined fibrils, in bridge-like formation, and dense surrounding vacuoles. In all, our results indicate that vimentin plays an important role in fipronil-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theetat Ruangjaroon
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand; Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
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iPS Cells-The Triumphs and Tribulations. Dent J (Basel) 2016; 4:dj4020019. [PMID: 29563461 PMCID: PMC5851259 DOI: 10.3390/dj4020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2006 will be remembered monumentally in science, particularly in the stem cell biology field, for the first instance of generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse embryonic/adult fibroblasts being reported by Takahashi and Yamanaka. A year later, human iPSCs (hiPSCs) were generated from adult human skin fibroblasts by using quartet of genes, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. This revolutionary technology won Yamanaka Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 2012. Like human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), iPSCs are pluripotent and have the capability for self-renewal. Moreover, complications of immune rejection for therapeutic applications would be greatly eliminated by generating iPSCs from individual patients. This has enabled their use for drug screening/discovery and disease modelling in vitro; and for immunotherapy and regenerative cellular therapies in vivo, paving paths for new therapeutics. Although this breakthrough technology has a huge potential, generation of these unusual cells is still slow, ineffectual, fraught with pitfalls, and unsafe for human use. In this review, I describe how iPSCs are being triumphantly used to lay foundation for a fully functional discipline of regenerative dentistry and medicine, alongside discussing the challenges of translating therapies into clinics. I also discuss their future implications in regenerative dentistry field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Karmacharya
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States; Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, United States.
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Center for Experimental Drugs & Diagnostics, Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States
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