1
|
Shamsi S, Nelson L, Gordon A, Markham K, Francis N, Suthar J, Zhu X. Multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis of Contracaecum magnipapillatum infections in Australian black noddies, Anous minutus (Charadriiformes: Laridae). Parasitol Res 2024; 123:90. [PMID: 38195805 PMCID: PMC10776730 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
We provide the incidental necropsy findings associated with anisakid nematode infections of black noddy terns, Anous minutus Boie, 1844 (Charadriiformes: Laridae), from offshore islands in the southern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Specimens collected from the proventriculi were identified morphologically as Contracaecum magnipapillatum Chapin, 1925 (Rhabditida: Anisakidae), using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The entire nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced to provide reference sequences for morphologically well-identified voucher specimens. Interestingly, after an alignment with closely related taxa using BLAST, sequences of the ITS1 and ITS2 were 100% identical to the sequences assigned to Contracaecum septentrionale Kreis, 1955, from a razorbill, Alca torda Linnaeus, 1758 (Charadriiformes: Alcidae), from Spain. These results either raise questions about the ITS as a genetic marker for some members of Contracaecum, or the identity of the specimens assigned to C. septentrionale, given that no supporting morphological data was associated with them. We highlight the need for a combined morphological and molecular approach to parasite diagnostics and the use of multiple genetic loci to resolve the molecular taxonomy of cryptic species. Morphological identifications should be taxonomically robust, transparent and precede the deposition of molecular barcodes in public repositories. The gross and histopathological findings of our investigation concur with previous reports of widespread Contracaecum infections in black noddies and support the contention that Contracaecum spp. are an unlikely primary cause of mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shokoofeh Shamsi
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia.
| | - Leanne Nelson
- Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Archerfield BC QLD, PO Box 156, Brisbane, 4108, Australia.
| | - Anita Gordon
- Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Archerfield BC QLD, PO Box 156, Brisbane, 4108, Australia
| | - Kathryn Markham
- Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Archerfield BC QLD, PO Box 156, Brisbane, 4108, Australia
| | - Nidhish Francis
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Jaydipbhai Suthar
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Xiaocheng Zhu
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shamsi S, Francis N, Masiga J, Barton DP, Zhu X, Pearce L, McLellan M. Occurrence and characterisation of Eustrongylides species in Australian native birds and fish. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2023; 30:e00189. [PMID: 36874397 PMCID: PMC9975212 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In Australia, nematodes belonging to the genus Eustrongylides were believed to be endemic species until the late 20th century when they were all considered to be E. excisus, invalid or inquirendae. Although these nematodes have frequently been reported in Australian fish, reptiles, and birds and cause disease or mortality among them, there has been no attempt to date to characterise them genetically. Globally, also, no one has validated or defined suitable genetic markers to distinguish between species of Eustrongylides. In this study, adult Eustrongylides from little black cormorant (Phalacrocorax sulcirostris; n = 3) and larvae from mountain galaxias (Galaxias olidus, n = 2) and a Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii, n = 1), and a Murray cod-trout cod hybrids (Maccullochella peelii x Maccullochella macquariensis, n = 1) were available for morphological examination and molecular characterisation. The adult nematodes from cormorants were identified as E. excisus. Sequences of the 18S and ITS regions were then obtained for all nematodes, which were identical among all specimens (larvae and adults) and also identical to those of E. excisus available in the GenBank. However, only one base pair difference exists between the 18S sequences of E. excisus and E. ignotus, with limited sequences available in GenBank accompanied with proper morphological data for the nematodes. With that limitation in mind, identifying our specimens as E. excisus suggests spill-over - that it is an introduced parasite species that has successfully established its life cycle among Australian native species - may have occurred. Our study is the first report of E. excisus in the little black cormorant, P. sulcirostris. Our results do not exclude the possibility of the occurrence of other species of Eustrongylides, either native or exotic, in Australia. This parasite is zoonotic and with increasing demand for fish and changing dietary preferences, such as the consumption of raw or undercooked fish, its occurrence in the flesh of the fish is concerning. This parasite is also associated with anthropogenic habitat alteration affecting the reproductive success of the infected hosts. Therefore, awareness among the relevant authorities of the presence of the parasite in Australia and its adverse impact on native animals is crucial for the success of conservation plans such as fish recovery and relocation efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shokoofeh Shamsi
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Nidhish Francis
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Juliet Masiga
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
- Kenya Veterinary Vaccines Production Institute(KEVEVAPI), Road A off Enterprise Road, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Diane P. Barton
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Xiaocheng Zhu
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Luke Pearce
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries, Habitat & Threatened Species Unit, Freshwater Environment Branch, Australia
| | - Matthew McLellan
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries and Aquaculture Management, Narrandera Fisheries Centre, Narrandera, NSW 2700, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Q, Meng M, Huang C, Feng S, Liu J, Tang Y, Fan Y, Yuan G, Han S, Luo J, Zhao B, He H. Identification and genetic characterization of Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda Anisakidae) from China. Integr Zool 2020; 16:929-938. [PMID: 32652769 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Contracaecum species are economically important fish-borne larval nematodes with zoonotic significance. In June 2019, more than one hundred piscivorous birds were died in its habitats close to the Wild Duck Lake, located in Yanqing, northwest of Beijing, China. Post-mortem examination of Black Night Herons (Nycticorax) revealed the presence of numerous anisakid nematodes in the proventriculus. Recovered nematodes were identified as Contracaecum sp. based on morphological description. Phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial (mt) genome and the ITS gene showed that sequences of Contracaecum sp. Beijing isolates were grouped into a new individual cluster. Furthermore, the parasite was successfully isolated from fresh dead birds, feces of piscivorous birds, and fish and prevalence ranged from 8.0% to 81.8%. Consequently, our study demonstrated the Contracaecum sp. infections in different sources from China, which might constitute a threat to wildlife, aquaculture, and public health. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxun Zhang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Meng
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Haerbin, Heilongjiang, China.,China Wildlife Conservation Association, Beijing, China
| | - Chengmei Huang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyong Feng
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Tang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Fan
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guohui Yuan
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Han
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baohua Zhao
- Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hongxuan He
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheng T, Gao DZ, Zhu WN, Fang SF, Chen N, Zhu XQ, Liu GH, Lin RQ. Genetic variability among Hymenolepis nana isolates from different geographical regions in China revealed by sequence analysis of three mitochondrial genes. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:4646-4650. [PMID: 26642941 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hymenolepis nana is a common tapeworm that parasitizes in the small intestine of rodent animals and humans. The present study examined the sequence diversity of three mitochondrial (mt) genes namely NADH dehydrogenase subunits 5 (nad5), small subunit ribosomal RNA (rrnS), and ATPase subunit 6 (atp6) of H. nana from mice in different geographical regions of China. A part of the nad5 (pnad5), complete rrnS and atp6 genes were amplified separately from individual H. nana isolates using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then sequenced. The sequences of pnad5, rrnS, and atp6 were 710 bp, 704-711 bp, and 516 bp in length, respectively. The A + T contents of the sequences were 70.1-73.5% (pnad5), 70.1-71.7% (rrnS), and 76.6-77.9% (atp6). Sequence variation within H. nana was 0-1.4% for atp6, 0-1.7% for rrnS, and 0-0.7% for pnad5. The inter-specific sequence differences between H. nana and Hymenolepis diminuta were significantly higher, which was 31.6-31.7% (pnad5), 16.1-17.6% (rrnS), and 26.5-27.1% (atp6). Phylogenetic analysis based on the combined three sequences using the maximum parsimony (MP) method supported that H. nana is a species complex or "cryptic" species. These findings demonstrated clearly the usefulness of the three mtDNA sequences for population genetics and systematic studies of H. nana of human and animal health significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Cheng
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong Province , PR China.,b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou, Gansu Province , PR China.,c Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province , Guangzhou, Guangdong Province , PR China
| | - De-Zhen Gao
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou, Gansu Province , PR China.,d College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing, Heilongjiang Province , PR China
| | - Wei-Ning Zhu
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou, Gansu Province , PR China
| | - Su-Fang Fang
- e College of Animal Science and Technology , Hebei North University , Zhang Jiakou, Hebei Province , PR China , and
| | - Ning Chen
- f Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control , Shenzhen, Guangdong Province , PR China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou, Gansu Province , PR China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou, Gansu Province , PR China
| | - Rui-Qing Lin
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong Province , PR China.,c Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province , Guangzhou, Guangdong Province , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu WW, Qiu JH, Liu GH, Zhang Y, Liu ZX, Duan H, Yue DM, Chang QC, Wang CR, Zhao XC. The complete mitochondrial genome of Strongylus equinus (Chromadorea: Strongylidae): Comparison with other closely related species and phylogenetic analyses. Exp Parasitol 2015; 159:94-9. [PMID: 26366671 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The roundworms of genus Strongylus are the common parasitic nematodes in the large intestine of equine, causing significant economic losses to the livestock industries. In spite of its importance, the genetic data and epidemiology of this parasite are not entirely understood. In the present study, the complete S. equinus mitochondrial (mt) genome was determined. The length of S. equinus mt genome DNA sequence is 14,545 bp, containing 36 genes, of which 12 code for protein, 22 for transfer RNA, and two for ribosomal RNA, but lacks atp8 gene. All 36 genes are encoded in the same direction which is consistent with all other Chromadorea nematode mtDNAs published to date. Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated amino acid sequence data of all 12 protein-coding genes showed that there were two large branches in the Strongyloidea nematodes, and S. equinus is genetically closer to S. vulgaris than to Cylicocyclus insignis in Strongylidae. This new mt genome provides a source of genetic markers for the molecular phylogeny and population genetics of equine strongyles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Jian-Hua Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Ze-Xuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Hong Duan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Yue
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Qiao-Cheng Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Chun-Ren Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China.
| | - Xing-Cun Zhao
- Animal and Plant Department, Quanzhou Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The complete mitochondrial genomes of five Eimeria species infecting domestic rabbits. Exp Parasitol 2015; 159:67-71. [PMID: 26358270 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rabbit coccidiosis caused by members of the genus Eimeria can cause enormous economic impact worldwide, but the genetics, epidemiology and biology of these parasites remain poorly understood. In the present study, we sequenced and annotated the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of five Eimeria species that commonly infect the domestic rabbits. The complete mt genomes of Eimeria intestinalis, Eimeria flavescens, Eimeria media, Eimeria vejdovskyi and Eimeria irresidua were 6261bp, 6258bp, 6168bp, 6254bp, 6259bp in length, respectively. All of the mt genomes consist of 3 genes for proteins (cytb, cox1, and cox3), 14 gene fragments for the large subunit (LSU) rRNA and 11 gene fragments for the small subunit (SSU) rRNA, but no transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. The gene order of the mt genomes is similar to that of Plasmodium, but distinct from Haemosporida and Theileria. Phylogenetic analyses based on full nucleotide sequences using Bayesian analysis revealed that the monophyly of the Eimeria of rabbits was strongly statistically supported with a Bayesian posterior probabilities. These data provide novel mtDNA markers for studying the population genetics and molecular epidemiology of the Eimeria species, and should have implications for the molecular diagnosis, prevention and control of coccidiosis in rabbits.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu SS, Liu GH, Zhu XQ, Weng YB. The complete mitochondrial genome of Pseudoterranova azarasi and comparative analysis with other anisakid nematodes. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 33:293-8. [PMID: 25998795 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anisakiasis/anisakidosis caused by anisakid nematodes is an emerging infectious disease that can cause a wide range of clinical syndromes and are difficult to diagnose and treat in humans. In spite of their significance as pathogens, the systematics, genetics, epidemiology and biology of these parasites remain poorly understood. In the present study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Pseudoterranova azarasi, which is one of the most important zoonotic anisakid parasites. The circular mt genome is 13,954 bp in size and encodes of 36 genes, including 12 protein-coding, 2 ribosomal RNA and 22 transfer RNA genes. The mt gene order of P. azarasi is the same as those of Ascaris spp. (Ascarididae), Toxocara spp. (Toxocaridae) and Anisakis simplex (Anisakidae), but distinct from those of Ascaridia spp. (Ascaridiidae) and Cucullanus robustus (Cucullanidae). Phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes by Bayesian inference (BI) showed that Pseudoterranova were more closely related to Anisakis than they were to Contracaecum with strong a posterior probability support. This mt genome provides a novel genetic markers for exploring cryptic/sibling species and host affiliations, and should have implications for the diagnosis, prevention and control of anisakidosis in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China.
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - Ya-Biao Weng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sequence variation in two mitochondrial DNA regions and internal transcribed spacer among isolates of the nematode Oesophagostomum asperum originating from goats in Hunan Province, China. J Helminthol 2014; 90:1-6. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x14000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study examined sequence variability in two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions, namely cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1), and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) among Oesophagostomum asperum isolates from goats in Hunan Province, China. A portion of the cox1 (pcox1), nad1 (pnad1) genes and the ITS (ITS1+5.8S rDNA+ITS2) rDNA were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) separately from adult O. asperum individuals and the representative amplicons were subjected to sequencing from both directions. The lengths of pcox1, pnad1 and ITS rDNA were 366 bp, 681 bp and 785 bp, respectively. The A+T contents of gene sequences were 71.5–72% for pcox1, 73.7–74.2% for pnad1 and 58–58.8% for ITS rDNA. Intra-specific sequence variations within O. asperum were 0–1.6% for pcox1, 0–1.9% for pnad1 and 0–1.7% for ITS rDNA, while inter-specific sequence differences among members of the genus Oesophagostomum were significantly higher, being 11.1–12.5%, 13.3–17.7% and 8.5–18.6% for pcox1, pnad1 and ITS rDNA, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses using combined sequences of pcox1 and pnad1, with three different computational algorithms (Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony), revealed distinct groups with high statistical support. These findings demonstrated the existence of intra-specific variation in mtDNA and rDNA sequences among O. asperum isolates from goats in Hunan Province, China, and have implications for studying molecular epidemiology and population genetics of O. asperum.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao L, Liu GH, Zhao GH, Cai JZ, Zhu XQ, Qian AD. Genetic differences between Chabertia ovina and C. erschowi revealed by sequence analysis of four mitochondrial genes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 26:167-70. [PMID: 24328823 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.843089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study examined sequence differences in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), large subunit ribosomal RNA (rrnL) and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1 and 4 (nad1 and nad4) between Chabertia ovina and C. erschowi from yaks in Qinghai and goats in Shaanxi provinces, China. A part of the cox1 (pcox1), rrnL (prrnL), nad1 and nad4 genes (pnad1 and pnad4) were amplified separately from individual nematodes by PCR and sequenced. The length of the sequences of pcox1, prrnL, pnad1 and pnad4 was 441 bp, 450 bp, 526 bp and 914 bp for C. ovina, and 441 bp, 451 bp, 517 bp and 810 bp for C. erschowi, respectively. The intra-specific sequence variations within C. ovina were 0.2-2.9% for pcox1, 0-0.9% for prrnL, 0.6-2.3% for pnad1, and 0.4-2.0% for pnad4, and were 0.5-1.6% for pcox1, 0-1.1% for prrnL, 0.2-1.7% for pnad1, and 0.4-1.1% for pnad4 within C. erschowi. Whereas, the inter-specific sequence differences between the two species were obviously higher, being 11.6-12.9% for pcox1, 9.8-11.1% for prrnL, 14.4-15.9% for pnad1, and 16.4-17.7% for pnad4. Phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian inference (BI), based on combined sequences of four genes, indicated that the C. ovina and C. erschowi represent distinct species. These results demonstrate that these mt gene sequences provide novel genetic markers for the identificaiton and differentiation C. ovina and C. erschowi, and have implications for studying the population genetics and molecular epidemiology of Chabertia spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, Jilin Province , P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|