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Elbestawy AR, El-Hamid HSA, Ellakany HF, Gado AR, El-Rayes SH, Salaheldin AH. Genetic Sequence and Pathogenicity of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Chickens in Egypt During 2017-2021. Avian Dis 2024; 68:99-111. [PMID: 38885051 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The continued circulation of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in Egypt, despite the use of various vaccines, is a serious problem that requires continuous detection of IBDV. In the current study, real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing of 100 diseased chicken flocks during 2017-2021 revealed the presence of very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) in 67% of the flocks, non-vvIBDV in 11%, and a mixture of both vvIBDV and non-vvIBDV in 4%. Twenty-nine IBDV isolates were submitted for partial sequencing of the viral protein 2 hypervariable region (VP2-HVR), and 27 isolates were confirmed to be genogroup A3 (vvIBDV) with 96.3%-98.5% similarity to the global A3 (vvIBDV) and 88.9%-97% similarity to genogroup A1 vaccine strains. The remaining two isolates were non-vvIBDV and showed 91.1% and 100% identity with classical genogroup A1 strains, respectively. Furthermore, the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of VP1 (amino acids 33-254) of two selected isolates of A3, 5/2017 and 98/2021, clustered them as B2, vvIBDV-like, strains with high similarity (99.5%) to four Egyptian, 99% to Chinese and European, and 97.7% to Chinese and Polish vvIBDV isolates. Experimental infection of commercial broiler chickens with two vvIBDV-A3B2 isolates (5/2017 and 98/2021) showed no mortality despite typical tissue lesions, clear histopathological changes, and strong ELISA antibody response. Isolate 98/2021 was more pathogenic, as confirmed by histopathology, whereas isolate 5/2017 induced a stronger serological response. In conclusion, vvIBDV (A3B2) strains with two amino acid (aa) substitutions in VP1 as V141I and V234I as well as VP2 as Y220F and G254S are still circulating in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Elbestawy
- Department of Bird and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen Elkom 32511, Egypt,
| | - Hatem S Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Bird and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Hany F Ellakany
- Department of Bird and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Gado
- Department of Bird and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Shady H El-Rayes
- Department of Bird and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Salaheldin
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21944, Egypt
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2
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Jin H, Cai H, Liao S, Qi N, Li J, Lv M, Lin X, Hu J, Song Y, Zhu Y, Chen X, Yin L, Zhang X, Zhang J, Zhang X, Sun M. Development of a TaqMan polymerase chain reaction detection method for the precise identification and quantification of an attenuated Eimeria maxima vaccine strain in poultry. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1397166. [PMID: 38840634 PMCID: PMC11151167 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1397166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis, a parasitic disease prevalent in poultry, is caused by Eimeria species and leads to significant economic losses. The use of attenuated live oocyst vaccines has been adopted as an alternative to the use of anticoccidial drugs. However, the accurate detection and differentiation of vaccine strains from virulent ones remain challenging. Therefore, this study presents a novel TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection method that offers enhanced sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility compared with traditional PCR techniques. Through whole-genome resequencing and bioinformatics analysis, we identified a molecular marker gene, Em_marker6, with a unique 21-base pair deletion specific to the Eimeria maxima attenuated vaccine strain. Optimized primers and probes targeting this marker enabled rapid quantification cycle value achievement and high fluorescence intensity. The standard curve's slope of -3.540 and correlation coefficient of 0.9971 confirmed precise quantification capabilities. The TaqMan PCR method detected as few as 30 plasmid DNA copies and 50 oocysts per reaction, outperforming traditional PCR techniques by an order of magnitude. No cross-reactivity was observed with other E. maxima wide-type strains or common intestinal pathogens, ensuring the exclusive detection of the E. maxima EMPY vaccine strain. Weekly testing over 3 weeks demonstrated minimal variability, indicating robust consistency in the method's application. Testing on 61 clinical samples revealed a 57.38% positivity rate for E. maxima species and 13.11% for the vaccine strain. The Em_marker6 gene exhibited genetic stability across multiple generations, confirming the detection method's robust stability for the attenuated E. maxima vaccine strain. This study significantly advances the field of avian coccidiosis research and control by providing a valuable tool for monitoring vaccine purity and preventing inadvertent infections in vaccinated flocks, aligning with global efforts to curb antibiotic use in animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Haiming Cai
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenquan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nanshan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minna Lv
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuhui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongle Song
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Mingfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Salaheldin AH, Abd El-Hamid HS, Ellakany HF, Mohamed MA, Elbestawy AR. Isolation, Molecular, and Histopathological Patterns of a Novel Variant of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Chicken Flocks in Egypt. Vet Sci 2024; 11:98. [PMID: 38393116 PMCID: PMC10893078 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
After an extended period of detecting classical virulent, attenuated, and very virulent IBDV, a novel variant (nVarIBDV) was confirmed in Egypt in this study in 18, IBD vaccinated, chicken flocks aged 19-49 days. Partial sequence of viral protein 2 (VP2) [219 aa, 147-366, resembling 657 bp] of two obtained isolates (nos. 3 and 4) revealed nVarIBDV (genotype A2d) and OR682618 and OR682619 GenBank accession numbers were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both nVarIBDV isolates were closely related to nVarIBDV strains (A2d) circulating in China, exhibiting 100% identity to SD-2020 and 99.5-98.1% similarity to ZD-2018-1, QZ, GX and SG19 strains, respectively. Similarity to USA variant strains, belonging to genotypes A2b (9109), A2c (GLS) and A2a (variant E), respectively, was 95.5-92.6%. Also, the VP2 hypervariable region in those two, A2d, isolates revealed greater similarities to Faragher 52/70 (Vaxxitek®) at 90.4% and to an Indian strain (Ventri-Plus®) and V217 (Xtreme®) at 89.7% and 86-88.9% in other vaccines. Histopathological examination of both the bursa of Fabricius and spleen collected from diseased chickens in flock no. 18 revealed severe atrophy. In conclusion, further studies are required to investigate the epidemiological situation of this novel genotype across the country, and to assess various vaccine protections against nVarIBDV. Additionally, vaccination of breeders with inactivated IBD vaccines including this nVarIBDV is essential to obtain specific maternal antibodies in their broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Salaheldin
- Department Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21944, Egypt
| | - Hatem S. Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Bird and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (H.S.A.E.-H.); (H.F.E.)
| | - Hany F. Ellakany
- Department of Bird and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (H.S.A.E.-H.); (H.F.E.)
| | - Mostafa A. Mohamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen Elkom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed R. Elbestawy
- Department of Bird and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen Elkom 32511, Egypt
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4
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Shahrajabian MH, Sun W. The Significance and Importance of dPCR, qPCR, and SYBR Green PCR Kit in the Detection of Numerous Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:169-179. [PMID: 38243947 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128276560231218090436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Digital PCR (dPCR) is the latest technique that has become commercially accessible for various types of research. This method uses Taq polymerase in a standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a target DNA fragment from a complex sample, like quantitative PCR (qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (dd- PCR). ddPCR may facilitate microRNA (miRNA) measurement, particularly in liquid biopsy, because it has been proven to be more effective and sensitive, and in this method, ddPCR can provide an unprecedented chance for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation research because of its capability to increase sensitivity and precision over conventional PCR-based methods. qPCR has also been found to be a valuable standard technique to measure both copy DNA (cDNA) and genomic DNA (gDNA) levels, although the finding data can be significantly variable and non-reproducible without relevant validation and verification of both primers and samples. The SYBR green quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method has been reported as an appropriate technique for quantitative detection and species discrimination, and has been applied profitably in different experiments to determine, quantify, and discriminate species. Although both TaqMan qRT-PCR and SYBR green qRT-PCR are sensitive and rapid, the SYBR green qRT-PCR assay is easy and the TaqMan qRT-PCR assay is specific but expensive due to the probe required. This review aimed to introduce dPCR, qPCR, SYBR green PCR kit, and digital PCR, compare them, and also introduce their advantages in the detection of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Wenli Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100086, China
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5
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Saleem W, Vereecke N, Zaman MG, Afzal F, Reman I, Khan SUH, Nauwynck H. Genotyping and phylogeography of infectious bronchitis virus isolates from Pakistan show unique linkage to GI-24 lineage. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103236. [PMID: 37980750 PMCID: PMC10685022 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is prevalent in Pakistan causing enormous economic losses. To date no clear data are available on circulating genotypes and phylogeographic spread of the virus. Hence current study assessed these parameters for all available IBV Pakistani isolates, based on the 9 new sequences, with respect to other Asian and non-Asian countries. Results indicated that all Pakistani isolates belonged to genotype I (GI), with more than half of them (16/27) belonging to the GI-24 lineage, against which no vaccine is available. Three possible introduction events of the GI-13 IBV lineage into Pakistan, based on the estimated IBV population using isolates from this study, were observed possibly from Afghanistan, China, and/or Egypt. These events were further analyzed on the S1 amino acid level which showed unique alterations (S250H, T270K, and Q298S) in 1 isolate (IBV4, GI-13) when compared to GI-1 lineage. Both GI-1 and GI-13 Pakistani strains showed close homology with homologous vaccine strains that are used in Pakistan. For GI-24 strains, none of the used vaccines showed substantial homology, necessitating the need for further exploration of this lineage and vaccine design. In addition, our findings highlight the importance of genomic surveillance to support phylogeographical studies on IBV in genotyping and molecular epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Saleem
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Nick Vereecke
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Pathosense BV, Lier 2500, Belgium
| | - Muhammad Goher Zaman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 54770 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Afzal
- Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Poultry Research Institute, 46000 Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Reman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 54770 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ul-Hasan Khan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 54770 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hans Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Pathosense BV, Lier 2500, Belgium
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6
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Yang H, Tu K, Zhao Y, Sun L, Zhao J, Zhang G. Development of SYBR green RT-qPCR assay for titrating bivalent live infectious bronchitis vaccines. J Virol Methods 2023; 313:114675. [PMID: 36592741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious viral disease of chickens caused by IB virus (IBV) that can cause substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. IBV variant infections have been continuously reported since the initial description in the 1930s. QX-like IBVs are the predominant circulating genotype globally. A homologous QX vaccine has superior protection efficacy compared with that of other available vaccines, and the combination of Massachusetts (Mass)-like and QX-like strains is being used to combat QX-like IBV infections. Inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs is the standard method for the titration of IBV, and the titer is expressed as 50% egg infectious dose (EID50). However, this method cannot effectively distinguish or quantify different genotypic strains in a mixture of different viruses, especially in the absence of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was applied using specific primers for the QX- and Mass-like strains to quantitate IBV infection and for comparison with the conventional virus titration quantitative method. A strong positive correlation was observed between RT-qPCR cycle threshold values and the different EID50 concentrations. This method was further used to titrate bivalent IB vaccines, and the amount of individual genotype virus was determined based on specific primers. Thus, this RT-qPCR assay may be used as a highly specific, sensitive, and rapid alternative to the EID50 assay for titering IBVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kaihang Tu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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7
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Ciuoderis KA, Berg MG, Perez LJ, Hadji A, Perez-Restrepo LS, Aristizabal LC, Forberg K, Yamaguchi J, Cardona A, Weiss S, Qiu X, Hernandez-Ortiz JP, Averhoff F, Cloherty GA, Osorio JE. Oropouche virus as an emerging cause of acute febrile illness in Colombia. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:2645-2657. [PMID: 36239235 PMCID: PMC9639516 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2136536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arbovirus infections are frequent causes of acute febrile illness (AFI) in tropical countries. We conducted health facility-based AFI surveillance at four sites in Colombia (Cucuta, Cali, Villavicencio, Leticia) during 2019-2022. Demographic, clinical and risk factor data were collected from persons with AFI that consented to participate in the study (n = 2,967). Serologic specimens were obtained and tested for multiple pathogens by RT-PCR and rapid test (Antigen/IgM), with 20.7% identified as dengue positive from combined testing. Oropouche virus (OROV) was initially detected in serum by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and virus target capture in a patient from Cúcuta. Three additional infections from Leticia were confirmed by conventional PCR, sequenced, and isolated in tissue culture. Phylogenetic analysis determined there have been at least two independent OROV introductions into Colombia. To assess OROV spread, a RT-qPCR dual-target assay was developed which identified 87/791 (10.9%) viremic cases in AFI specimens from Cali (3/53), Cucuta (3/19), Villavicencio (38/566), and Leticia (43/153). In parallel, an automated anti-nucleocapsid antibody assay detected IgM in 27/503 (5.4%) and IgG in 92/568 (16.2%) patients screened, for which 24/68 (35.3%) of PCR positives had antibodies. Dengue was found primarily in people aged <18 years and linked to several clinical manifestations (weakness, skin rash and petechiae), whereas Oropouche cases were associated with the location, climate phase, and odynophagia symptom. Our results confirm OROV as an emerging pathogen and recommend increased surveillance to determine its burden as a cause of AFI in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl A. Ciuoderis
- Global Health Institute One-Health Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA, Karl A Ciuoderis Colombia/Wisconsin One Health Consortium (CWOHC), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, ColombiaAbbott Pandemic Defense Coalition
| | - Michael G. Berg
- Infectious Diseases Research, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lester J. Perez
- Infectious Diseases Research, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abbas Hadji
- Infectious Diseases Research, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura S. Perez-Restrepo
- Global Health Institute One-Health Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leidi Carvajal Aristizabal
- Global Health Institute One-Health Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenn Forberg
- Infectious Diseases Research, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie Yamaguchi
- Infectious Diseases Research, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andres Cardona
- Global Health Institute One-Health Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sonja Weiss
- Infectious Diseases Research, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaoxing Qiu
- Infectious Diseases Research, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Hernandez-Ortiz
- Global Health Institute One-Health Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francisco Averhoff
- Infectious Diseases Research, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gavin A. Cloherty
- Infectious Diseases Research, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jorge E. Osorio
- Global Health Institute One-Health Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia,Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA,Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Chicago, IL, USA
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8
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Cao X, Qiu X, Shi N, Ha Z, Zhang H, Xie Y, Wang P, Zhu X, Zhao W, Zhao G, Jin N, Lu H. Establishment of a reverse transcription real-time quantitative PCR method for Getah virus detection and its application for epidemiological investigation in Shandong, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1009610. [PMID: 36212868 PMCID: PMC9538719 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1009610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Getah virus (GETV) is a mosquito-borne, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus belonging to the genus Alphavirus of the family Togaviridae. Natural infections of GETV have been identified in a variety of vertebrate species, with pathogenicity mainly in swine, horses, bovines, and foxes. The increasing spectrum of infection and the characteristic causing abortions in pregnant animals pose a serious threat to public health and the livestock economy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a method that can be used for epidemiological investigation in multiple animals. In this study, a real-time reverse transcription fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method combined with plaque assay was established for GETV with specific primers designed for the highly conserved region of GETV Nsp1 gene. The results showed that after optimizing the condition of RT-qPCR reaction, the minimum detection limit of the assay established in this study was 7.73 PFU/mL, and there was a good linear relationship between viral load and Cq value with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.998. Moreover, the method has good specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability. The established RT-qPCR is 100-fold more sensitive than the conventional RT-PCR. The best cutoff value for the method was determined to be 37.59 by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.956. Meanwhile, we collected 2,847 serum specimens from swine, horses, bovines, sheep, and 17,080 mosquito specimens in Shandong Province in 2022. The positive detection rates by RT-qPCR were 1%, 1%, 0.2%, 0%, and 3%, respectively. In conclusion, the method was used for epidemiological investigation, which has extensive application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Cao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangshu Qiu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Shi
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuo Ha
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - He Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yubiao Xie
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wenxin Zhao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guanyu Zhao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Ningyi Jin,
| | - Huijun Lu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Huijun Lu,
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9
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The modulatory effect of carvacrol on viral shedding titer and acute phase response in broiler chickens experimentally infected with infectious bronchitis virus. Microb Pathog 2022; 163:105410. [PMID: 35041974 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is one of the major respiratory diseases of broiler causing huge economic losses. The inability to control IBV using different vaccination programs owing to the high mutation rate and recombination ability of the RNA genome generates IBV variants. This study was designed to give a specific perspective of carvacrol effect on early immune response, viral shedding titer, oxidative stress, serum biochemical parameters and clinical consequences in broilers experimentally infected by IBV. One hundred and twenty-one-day old commercial broiler chicks were equally divided into 4 groups. First group was considered as control. Second group was given carvacrol, third group was infected with IBV and fourth group was given carvacrol and infected with IBV. Infection with variant IBV induced significant upregulation of chicken interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 3 (chIFITM3) gene in trachea, elevations in serum levels of Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (α1-AGP) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6), total leucocytic count (TLC), heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio and oxidative stress in lung and kidney tissues. Beside, histopathological changes in trachea, lung and kidney induced by IBV, elevation of kidney function tests was detected. The pretreatment with carvacrol significantly reduced viral shedding titer, chIFITM3 gene expression, IL-6 and α1-AGP levels, leucocytic response and H/L ratio with minimization of clinical signs intensity. Also, carvacrol relieved oxidative stress, ameliorated the increased uric acid level and histopathological alterations in kidney and lung caused by viral infection.
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10
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Ameen SM, Adel A, Selim A, Magouz A, AboElKhair M, Bazid AH. A multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for differentiation of classical and variant II strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2729-2741. [PMID: 36175795 PMCID: PMC9741560 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Identification of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) genotypes is essential for controlling infectious bronchitis (IB) disease, because vaccines that differ from the circulating strains might not provide efficient cross-protection. In Egypt, IBV strain typing is a difficult process, due to the widespread distribution of four genotype lineages (GI-13, GI-23, GI-1, and GI-16), which may contribute to IBV vaccination failure. In this study, we developed a multiplex real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (mRT-qPCR) assay that targets highly conserved areas of the S1 gene in order to detect classical (G1) and Egyptian variant II (G23) strains in allantoic fluids and clinical samples. The viral genotyping technique was assessed using commercially available vaccines as well as local strains, and 16 field isolates were tested to investigate its clinical applicability. The assay was found to be specific for the detection of classical and VAR II strains and did not detect the VAR I strain or other avian pathogens such as Newcastle disease virus, avian influenza virus (H9N2 and H5N8), or infectious bursal disease virus. The results also showed that 28 out of 41 samples tested positive for IBV utilizing rt-qRT-PCR targeting the N gene and that 26 out of the 28 positive samples were genotyped by mRT-qPCR targeting the S1 gene, whereas the remaining two samples that were not genotyped were VAR 1 (4/91) and VAR I (793/B). Interestingly, the testing could identify combined infections in one sample, indicating a mixed infection with both genotypes. The real-time RT-PCR assay could detect viral RNA at concentrations as low as 102 EID50 /ml for both classical and variant II. This assay is rapid, specific, and sensitive. It appears to be a valuable tool for regular disease monitoring that can be used to differentiate as well as identify viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Ameen
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, PO Box 246, Giza, 12618 Egypt
| | - Amany Adel
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, PO Box 246, Giza, 12618 Egypt
| | - Abdullah Selim
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, PO Box 246, Giza, 12618 Egypt
| | - Asmaa Magouz
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Mohammed AboElKhair
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, 32897 Egypt
| | - AbdelHamid H. Bazid
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, 32897 Egypt
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11
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Parkhe P, Verma S. Evolution, Interspecies Transmission, and Zoonotic Significance of Animal Coronaviruses. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:719834. [PMID: 34738021 PMCID: PMC8560429 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.719834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that affect humans and a wide variety of animal species, including livestock, wild animals, birds, and pets. These viruses have an affinity for different tissues, such as those of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract of most mammals and birds and the hepatic and nervous tissues of rodents and porcine. As coronaviruses target different host cell receptors and show divergence in the sequences and motifs of their structural and accessory proteins, they are classified into groups, which may explain the evolutionary relationship between them. The interspecies transmission, zoonotic potential, and ability to mutate at a higher rate and emerge into variants of concern highlight their importance in the medical and veterinary fields. The contribution of various factors that result in their evolution will provide better insight and may help to understand the complexity of coronaviruses in the face of pandemics. In this review, important aspects of coronaviruses infecting livestock, birds, and pets, in particular, their structure and genome organization having a bearing on evolutionary and zoonotic outcomes, have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subhash Verma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
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12
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Tanhaei M, Mohebbi SR, Hosseini SM, Rafieepoor M, Kazemian S, Ghaemi A, Shamloei S, Mirjalali H, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Zali MR. The first detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the wastewater of Tehran, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:38629-38636. [PMID: 33738744 PMCID: PMC7972808 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Following the official announcement of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) worldwide pandemic spread by WHO on March 11, 2020, more than 300,000 COVID-19 cases reported in Iran resulting in approximately 17,000 deaths as of August 2, 2020. In the present survey, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in raw and treated wastewater samples in Tehran, Iran. Untreated and treated wastewater samples were gathered from four wastewater treatment plants over a month period from June to July 2020. Firstly, an adsorption-elution concentration method was tested using an avian coronavirus (infectious bronchitis virus, IBV). Then, the method was effectively employed to survey the presence of SARS-CoV-2 genome in influent and effluent wastewater samples. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found in 8 out of 10 treated wastewater samples utilizing a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) test to detect ORF1ab and N genes. Moreover, the rate of positivity in wastewater samples increased in last sample collection that shows circulation of SARS-CoV-2 was increased among the population. In addition, the high values detected in effluent wastewater from local wastewater treatment plants have several implications in health and ecology that should be further assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tanhaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mohebbi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Arabi str., Yaman Ave., Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Masoud Hosseini
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maedeh Rafieepoor
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Kazemian
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Arabi str., Yaman Ave., Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharareh Shamloei
- Department of Water and Wastewater Quality Control Laboratory, Water and Wastewater Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Arabi str., Yaman Ave., Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Pérez LJ, Lanka S, DeShambo VJ, Fredrickson RL, Maddox CW. A Validated Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for the Diagnosis of Infectious Leptospira spp.: A Novel Assay for the Detection and Differentiation of Strains From Both Pathogenic Groups I and II. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:457. [PMID: 32265882 PMCID: PMC7100377 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is recognized as the most globally widespread reemerging zoonosis and represents a serious threat for both human and animal health. Indeed, leptospirosis is linked to more than 60,000 human deaths per year and to incalculable economic burden as consequence of medical treatment costs and livestock loss. The increasing number of reports from species of pathogenic Leptospira spp. group II causing disease in both humans and animals constitutes an additional concern to the complex epidemiology of this zoonotic agent. Diagnostic methods based on qPCR have improved the diagnosis of Leptospira spp. in terms of cost, time, and reliability, but most of the validated assays fail to detect species from the pathogenic group II. Hence, the current study was aimed to develop and validate a novel multiplex qPCR to enable the specific and selective detection of the whole group of infectious Leptospira spp., including both pathogenic groups I and II and moreover, selectively discriminate between them. To fit the "fitness of purpose" for the specific detection of infectious Leptospira spp. and further discrimination between both pathogenic groups three target regions on the 16S RNA gene were selected. These targets facilitated a broad and selective spectrum for the detection of all infectious Leptospira spp. with the exclusion of all saprophytic groups and the novel clade of environmental Leptospira spp. The analytical sensitivity (ASe) showed by the new assay also enables a wide window of detection for the agent at different stages of infection since the assay was able to efficiently detect at 95% of confidence ∼5 leptospires/reaction. From the evaluation of the analytical specificity (ASp) by in silico and in vitro approaches, it was congruently revealed that the primers and probes selected only recognized the specific targets for which the assay was intended. Bayesian latent class analysis of performance of the new assay on 684 clinical samples showed values of diagnostic sensitivity of 99.8% and diagnostic specificity of 100%. Thus, from the evaluation of the analytical and diagnostic parameters, the new multiplex qPCR assay is a reliable method for the diagnosis of Leptospira spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lester J. Pérez
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Saraswathi Lanka
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Vanessa J. DeShambo
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Richard L. Fredrickson
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Carol W. Maddox
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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14
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Xiao Q, Yan L, Yao L, Lei J, Bi Z, Hu J, Chen Y, Fang A, Li H, Li Y, Yan Y, Zhou J. Development of oligonucleotide microarray for accurate and simultaneous detection of avian respiratory viral diseases. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:253. [PMID: 31324180 PMCID: PMC6642548 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian influenza virus (AIV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are important avian pathogens that can cause enormous economic loss on the poultry industry. Different respiratory etiological agents may induce similar clinical signs that make differential diagnosis difficult. Importantly, AIV brings about severe threat to human public health. Therefore, a novel method that can distinguish these viruses quickly and simultaneously is urgently needed. RESULTS In this study, an oligonucleotide microarray system was developed. AIV, including H5, H7, and H9 subtypes; NDV; and IBV were simultaneously detected and differentiated on a microarray. Three probes specific for AIV, NDV, and IBV, as well as three other probes for differentiating H5, H7, and H9 of AIV, were first designed and jet-printed to predetermined locations of initiator-integrated poly(dimethylsiloxane) for the synchronous detection of the six pathogens. The marked multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were hybridized with the specific probes, and the results of hybridization were read directly with the naked eyes. No cross-reaction was observed with 10 other subtypes of AIV and infectious bursal disease virus, indicating that the oligonucleotide microarray assay was highly specific. The sensitivity of the method was at least 100 times higher than that of the conventional PCR, and the detection limit of NDV, AIV, H5, H7, and H9 can reach 0.1 EID50 (50% egg infective dose), except that of IBV, which was 1 EID50 per reaction. In the validation of 93 field samples, AIV, IBV, and NDV were detected in 53 (56.99%) samples by oligonucleotide microarray and virus isolation and in 50 (53.76%) samples by conventional PCR. CONCLUSIONS We have successfully developed an approach to differentiate AIV, NDV, IBV, H5, H7, and H9 subtypes of AIV using oligonucleotide microarray. The microarray is an accurate, high-throughput, and relatively simple method for the rapid detection of avian respiratory viral diseases. It can be used for the epidemiological surveillance and diagnosis of AIV, IBV, and NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Detection Center of Terrestrial Wildlife Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Detection Center of Terrestrial Wildlife Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lu Yao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Detection Center of Terrestrial Wildlife Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lei
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Detection Center of Terrestrial Wildlife Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Bi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Detection Center of Terrestrial Wildlife Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Hu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Detection Center of Terrestrial Wildlife Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Detection Center of Terrestrial Wildlife Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - An Fang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Detection Center of Terrestrial Wildlife Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Detection Center of Terrestrial Wildlife Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Detection Center of Terrestrial Wildlife Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Detection Center of Terrestrial Wildlife Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
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15
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Lin S, Wang S, Cheng X, Xiao S, Chen X, Chen S, Chen S, Yu F. Development of a duplex SYBR Green I-based quantitative real-time PCR assay for the rapid differentiation of goose and Muscovy duck parvoviruses. Virol J 2019; 16:6. [PMID: 30630503 PMCID: PMC6329121 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Waterfowl parvoviruses, including goose parvovirus (GPV) and Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV), can cause seriously diseases in geese and ducks. Developing a fast and precise diagnosis assay for these two parvoviruses is particularly important. Results A duplex SYBR Green I-based quantitative real-time PCR assay was developed for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of GPV and MDPV. The assay yielded melting curves with specific single peak (Tm = 87.3 ± 0.26 °C or Tm = 85.4 ± 0.23 °C) when GPV or MDPV was evaluated, respectively. When both parvoviruses were assessed in one reaction, melting curves with specific double peaks were yielded. Conclusion This duplex quantitative RT-PCR can be used to rapid identify of GPV and MDPV in field cases and artificial trials, which make it a powerful tool for diagnosing, preventing and controlling waterfowl parvovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Lin
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Shao Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Xiaoxia Cheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Shifeng Xiao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Xiuqin Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China.,Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Shilong Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Shaoying Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China. .,Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, China.
| | - Fusong Yu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China.
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16
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Wang JB, Gu Y, Zhang MX, Yang S, Wang Y, Wang W, Li XR, Zhao YT, Wang HT. High expression of type I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor in the kidney of rats with hepatorenal syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3273-3280. [PMID: 30090007 PMCID: PMC6079285 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i29.3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To detect the expression of type I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3RI) in the kidney of rats with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). METHODS One hundred and twenty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups to receive an intravenous injection of D-galactosamine (D-GalN) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS; group G/L, n = 50), D-GalN alone (group G, n = 25), LPS alone (group L, n = 25), and normal saline (group NS, n = 25), respectively. At 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h after injection, blood, liver, and kidney samples were collected. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of liver tissue was performed to assess hepatocyte necrosis. Electron microscopy was used to observe ultrastructural changes in the kidney. Western blot analysis and real-time PCR were performed to detect the expression of IP3RI protein and mRNA in the kidney, respectively. RESULTS Hepatocyte necrosis was aggravated gradually, which was most significant at 12 h after treatment with D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide, and was characterized by massive hepatocyte necrosis. At the same time, serum levels of biochemical indicators including liver and kidney function indexes were all significantly changed. The structure of the renal glomerulus and tubules was normal at all time points. Western blot analysis indicated that IP3RI protein expression began to rise at 3 h (P < 0.05) and peaked at 12 h (P < 0.01). Real-time PCR demonstrated that IP3RI mRNA expression began to rise at 3 h (P < 0.05) and peaked at 9 h (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION IP3RI protein expression is increased in the kidney of HRS rats, and may be regulated at the transcriptional level.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Galactosamine/toxicity
- Hepatocytes/pathology
- Hepatorenal Syndrome/chemically induced
- Hepatorenal Syndrome/pathology
- Humans
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/genetics
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Kidney/blood supply
- Kidney/cytology
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney/ultrastructure
- Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/pathology
- Male
- Microscopy, Electron
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/ultrastructure
- Necrosis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Wang
- Liver Cirrhosis Ward, the Sixth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110006, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ye Gu
- Liver Cirrhosis Ward, the Sixth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110006, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ming-Xiang Zhang
- Liver Cirrhosis Ward, the Sixth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110006, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shun Yang
- Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Liver Cirrhosis Ward, the Sixth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110006, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Liver Cirrhosis Ward, the Sixth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110006, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xi-Ran Li
- Liver Cirrhosis Ward, the Sixth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110006, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi-Tong Zhao
- Liver Cirrhosis Ward, the Sixth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110006, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hai-Tao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China
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17
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Rios L, Perera CL, Coronado L, Relova D, Álvarez AM, Ganges L, Díaz de Arce H, Núñez JI, Pérez LJ. Multi-Target Strategy for Pan/Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Detection: A Combination of Sequences Analysis, in Silico Predictions and Laboratory Diagnostic Evaluation. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:160. [PMID: 30050913 PMCID: PMC6052897 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals that causes severe economic losses. The disease is characterized by a vesicular condition and it cannot be differentiated from other vesicular diseases. Therefore, laboratory confirmation of any suspected FMD case is compulsory. Despite viral isolation in cell cultures has been considered for many years as the gold standard for FMD diagnosis, the advantages of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) technology have motivated its use directly in clinical specimens for FMD diagnosis. The current work was aimed to develop and validate a molecular multi-check strategy using rRT-PCR (mMulti-rRT-PCR) based on SYBR-Green I for pan/foot-and-mouth disease virus (pan/FMDV) diagnosis. From in silico approaches, different primer pairs previously reported were selected and modified to reduce the likelihood of viral escape as well as potential failures in the pan/FMDV detection. The analytical parameters were evaluated using a high number of representative viral strains. The repeatability of the assay and its performance on field samples were also assessed. The mMulti-rRT-PCR was able to detect emergent FMDV strains that circulated in South America between the years 2006–2010 and on which the single rRT-PCRs failed when they were applied independently. The results obtained here showed that the proposed system is an accurate and rapid diagnosis method for sensitive and specific detection of FMDV. Thus, a validated mMulti-rRT-PCR assay based on SYBR-Green I detection coupled to melting curves resolution for pan/FMDV diagnosis on clinical samples is proposed. This study also highlights the need to incorporate the multi-target detection principle in the diagnosis of highly variable agents, specially, of those listed by OIE like FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliam Rios
- Reiman Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Carmen L Perera
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis and Risk Analysis of the Caribean Region, San José de las Lajas, Cuba
| | - Liani Coronado
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis and Risk Analysis of the Caribean Region, San José de las Lajas, Cuba
| | - Damarys Relova
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis and Risk Analysis of the Caribean Region, San José de las Lajas, Cuba
| | - Ana M Álvarez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agricolas, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain.,IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José I Núñez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lester J Pérez
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Dalhousie University, Saint John, NB, Canada
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18
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Huang Q, Gao X, Liu P, Lin H, Liu W, Liu G, Zhang J, Deng G, Zhang C, Cao H, Guo X, Hu G. The relationship between liver-kidney impairment and viral load after nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus infection in embryonic chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 96:1589-1597. [PMID: 28108730 PMCID: PMC7107109 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the relationship of impairments of the liver and kidney with viral load after nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (NIBV) infection in embryonic chickens, 120 specific-pathogen-free Leghorn embryonated chicken eggs were randomly divided into two groups (infected and control), with three replicates per group and 20 eggs in each replicate. The eggs in the infected and control groups were challenged with 0.2 mL of 105.5 ELD50 NIBV and sterile saline solution, respectively. The embryonic chickens' plasma and liver and kidney tissues were collected at 1, 3, and 5 days post-inoculation (dpi), the liver and kidney functional parameters were quantified, and the tissue viral loads were determined with real-time PCR. The results showed that plasma potassium, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus levels were increased. The infected group exhibited significantly higher plasma uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels than the control group at 3 dpi. The plasma concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were significantly increased in the infected group. The total protein, albumin, and globulin levels in the infected group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The liver-kidney viral load in the infected group peaked at 3 dpi, at which time the kidney viral load was significantly higher than that of the liver. Our results indicated that NIBV infection caused liver and kidney damage in the embryonic chickens, and the results also demonstrated that the liver and kidney damage was strongly related to the tissue viral load following NIBV infection in embryonic chickens.
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Okino CH, Montassier MDFS, Oliveira APD, Montassier HJ. Rapid detection and differentiation of avian infectious bronchitis virus: an application of Mass genotype by melting temperature analysis in RT-qPCR using SYBR Green I. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:725-730. [PMID: 29491226 PMCID: PMC5938207 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A method based on Melting Temperature analysis of Hypervariable regions (HVR) of S1 gene
within a RT-qPCR was developed to detect different genotypes of avian infectious
bronchitis virus (IBV) and identify the Mass genotype. The method was able to rapidly
identify the Mass genotype among IBV field isolates, vaccine attenuated strains and
reference M41 strain in allantoic liquid and also directly in tissues. The RT-qPCR
developed detected the virus in both tracheal and pulmonary samples from M41-infected or
H120-infected birds, in a larger post-infection period compared to detection by standard
method of virus isolation. RT-qPCR method tested provided a sensitivity and rapid approach
for screening on IBV detection and Mass genotyping from IBV isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Hiromi Okino
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.,Current affiliation: Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz km 234 s/n, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Silva Montassier
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Andressa Peres de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Helio José Montassier
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
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Laamiri N, Aouini R, Marnissi B, Ghram A, Hmila I. A multiplex real-time RT-PCR for simultaneous detection of four most common avian respiratory viruses. Virology 2017; 515:29-37. [PMID: 29223788 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A one-step multiplex real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) assay was developed for simultaneous detection and quantification of four avian respiratory viruses: avian influenza virus (AIV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). In comparison with the singleplex rRT-PCR, the specificity, the sensitivity and the reproducibility of the new assay were evaluated and validated using 70 clinical samples. The optimal cutoff point, the corresponding limit of quantification (LoQ) and the limit of detection (LoD) were statistical established based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The results showed that the multiplex assay presents higher sensitivity and specificity. Correlation coefficients (R2) and amplification efficiencies (E) of all singleplex and multiplex rRT-PCR reactions are within the acceptable range. The 95% LoDs of multiplex assay were in the range [3-19] copies genomic/ µl, and its corresponding cutoff cycles were in the range [34.16-36.59]. No competitive inhibition for the detection of the four targets and no specific amplification or cross reactivity with other tested viruses was observed. Excellent results were attained in the inter-assay and intra-assay reproducibility evaluation. All identified samples by the multiplex rRT-PCR assay proved to be 100% concordant with the results of the singleplex assays. The results achieved showed that the multiplex assay is very suitable as a routine laboratory test for rapid and specific detection and quantification of co-infections in field samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nacira Laamiri
- University Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, 13 Place Pasteur, 1002 Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia.; University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Rim Aouini
- University Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, 13 Place Pasteur, 1002 Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia.; University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Boutheina Marnissi
- University Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, 13 Place Pasteur, 1002 Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia
| | - Abdeljelil Ghram
- University Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, 13 Place Pasteur, 1002 Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia
| | - Issam Hmila
- University Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, 13 Place Pasteur, 1002 Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia
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Domanska-Blicharz K, Lisowska A, Pikuła A, Sajewicz-Krukowska J. Specific detection of GII-1 lineage of infectious bronchitis virus. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 65:141-146. [PMID: 28493279 PMCID: PMC7165721 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a worldwide prevalent RNA virus that causes highly contagious and economically devastating disease in chicken. The virus exists in many different genetic forms which made the disease control very difficult. The present study describes the development and validation of TaqMan probe‐based real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (real‐time RT‐PCR) targeting the S1 coding region of S gene characteristic for the GII‐1 lineage (formerly the D1466‐like variant) of IBV. These strains are quite different from other European IBV belonging to different lineages of the GI genotype. The developed method was 30‐fold more sensitive than used so far for standard nested RT‐PCR with detection limit of 56 RNA copies per reaction. The specificity of the assay was also evaluated with a panel of different poultry pathogens. Repeatability and reproducibility of the method was very high with coefficients of variation lower than 4%. One hundred and twenty‐seven IBV‐positive samples were tested by this method and GII‐1 strains were detected in four of them (3·15%) which indicate a decrease in the GII‐1 IBV prevalence in Poland. The assay was proven to be a valuable tool for rapid diagnosis of GII‐1 lineage of IBV strains and moreover it enabled the monitoring of viral loads which can be used to assess disease progression. Significance and Impact of the Study This study reports a TaqMan probe‐based real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (real‐time RT‐PCR) for rapid and accurate identification of GII‐1 lineage (formerly D1466‐like variant) of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The assay revealed to be more sensitive than standard nested RT‐PCR assay, previously used for this purpose. The developed assay has been tested on numerous field samples and revealed 3·15% prevalence of this lineage of IBV in Polish chicken population. Moreover, this new assay enables the assessment of viral load measurement which might be useful for epidemiology and pathogenesis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Domanska-Blicharz
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - A Lisowska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - A Pikuła
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - J Sajewicz-Krukowska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
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22
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Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analyses of virulent infectious bronchitis viruses isolated from chickens in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Virusdisease 2017; 28:189-199. [PMID: 28770245 PMCID: PMC5510638 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-017-0375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is one of the major respiratory viral threats for chickens. Despite the intensive application of IBV vaccines, several outbreaks have been reported worldwide. Here, we report several IBV outbreaks in thirteen poultry farms in Eastern Saudi Arabia (ESA) from 2013 to 2014. The main goals of the current study were as follows: (1) isolation and molecular characterization of the currently circulating strains in ESA (Al-Hasa, Dammam, and Buqayq) and (2) evaluation of the immune status of these birds to IBV. To achieve our goals, tissue specimens (trachea, lungs, liver, kidney and cecal tonsils) and sera were collected. High morbidity up to 100% and mortality ranging from 18 to 90% were reported. Severe infection was observed in the trachea, bronchi, and kidneys of the infected birds. IBV strains were isolated using embryonated chicken eggs. The isolated viruses induced hemorrhage, dwarfing and death of the inoculated embryos 3-5 days post-infection. The circulating IBV strains were identified by sequencing the partial IBV-N and IBV-S1 genes. These viruses showed 95% sequence identity to Indian, Italian, Egyptian and Chinese strains and were quite distinct from the locally used vaccines on the genomic level. Interestingly, high antibody titers against IBV were reported in some of these farms, suggesting the presence of new virulent strains in ESA. The seroconversion of infected birds was reported among the affected flocks. In conclusion, very virulent IBV strains are currently circulating in ESA. Further studies are currently in progress to molecularly characterize these IBV strains.
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23
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Sultankulova KT, Kozhabergenov NS, Strochkov VM, Burashev YD, Shorayeva KA, Chervyakova OV, Rametov NM, Sandybayev NT, Sansyzbay AR, Orynbayev MB. New oligonucleotide microarray for rapid diagnosis of avian viral diseases. Virol J 2017; 14:69. [PMID: 28381285 PMCID: PMC5382490 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed a new oligonucleotide microarray comprising 16 identical subarrays for simultaneous rapid detection of avian viruses: avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infection bronchitis virus (IBV), and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in single- and mixed-virus infections. The objective of the study was to develop an oligonucleotide microarray for rapid diagnosis of avian diseases that would be used in the course of mass analysis for routine epidemiological surveillance owing to its ability to test one specimen for several infections. METHODS AND RESULTS The paper describes the technique for rapid and simultaneous diagnosis of avian diseases such as avian influenza, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease with use of oligonucleotide microarray, conditions for hybridization of fluorescent-labelled viral cDNA on the microarray and its specificity tested with use of AIV, NDV, IBV, IBDV strains as well as biomaterials from poultry. Sensitivity and specificity of the developed microarray was evaluated with use of 122 specimens of biological material: 44 cloacal swabs from sick birds and 78 tissue specimens from dead wild and domestic birds, as well as with use of 15 AIV, NDV, IBV and IBDV strains, different in their origin, epidemiological and biological characteristics (RIBSP Microbial Collection). This microarray demonstrates high diagnostic sensitivity (99.16% within 95% CI limits 97.36-100%) and specificity (100%). Specificity of the developed technique was confirmed by direct sequencing of NP and M (AIV), VP2 (IBDV), S1 (IBV), NP (NDV) gene fragments. CONCLUSION Diagnostic effectiveness of the developed DNA microarray is 99.18% and therefore it can be used in mass survey for specific detection of AIV, NDV, IBV and IBDV circulating in the region in the course of epidemiological surveillance. Rather simple method for rapid diagnosis of avian viral diseases that several times shortens duration of assay versus classical diagnostic methods is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulyaisan T Sultankulova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Science Committee of RK ME&S, Gvardeiskiy, 080409, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Nurlan S Kozhabergenov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Science Committee of RK ME&S, Gvardeiskiy, 080409, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Vitaliy M Strochkov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Science Committee of RK ME&S, Gvardeiskiy, 080409, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Yerbol D Burashev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Science Committee of RK ME&S, Gvardeiskiy, 080409, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Kamshat A Shorayeva
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Science Committee of RK ME&S, Gvardeiskiy, 080409, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Olga V Chervyakova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Science Committee of RK ME&S, Gvardeiskiy, 080409, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Nurkuisa M Rametov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Science Committee of RK ME&S, Gvardeiskiy, 080409, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Nurlan T Sandybayev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Science Committee of RK ME&S, Gvardeiskiy, 080409, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Abylay R Sansyzbay
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Science Committee of RK ME&S, Gvardeiskiy, 080409, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Mukhit B Orynbayev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Science Committee of RK ME&S, Gvardeiskiy, 080409, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Fraga APD, Ikuta N, Fonseca ASK, Spilki FR, Balestrin E, Rodrigues CD, Canal CW, Lunge VR. A Real-Time Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction for Differentiation of Massachusetts Vaccine and Brazilian Field Genotypes of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus. Avian Dis 2016; 60:16-21. [PMID: 26953939 DOI: 10.1637/11262-081815-regr.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The avian infectious bronchitis virus is classified into serotypes or genotypes (or both) in different poultry-producing countries of the world. In Brazil, Massachusetts type (Mass), used as a live vaccine, and local field Brazilian variants (genotypes; BR) predominate in the commercial poultry flocks. This study describes the development and validation of two real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-qPCR) for the specific detection of Mass and BR genotypes in allantoic fluids and clinical samples. Genotype-specific primers, combined with a generic probe targeted to the S1 gene, originated Mass RT-qPCR and BR RT-qPCR-specific assays. Analytical sensitivity and linearity of these assays were determined in comparison with an IBV generic real-time RT-PCR based on the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR RT-qPCR). Mass RT-qPCR detected five Mass field isolates, three vaccine samples, and one coinfected sample (BR and Mass) while BR RT-qPCR detected 16 BR field isolates. Both assays were linear (R(2) > 0.98), reproducible, and as sensitive as the classical 5'UTR RT-qPCR used to detect IBV. In the analysis of 141 IBV clinical samples, 8 were positive for Mass RT-qPCR, 76 for BR RT-qPCR, and 2 for both assays. In the remaining 55 samples, 25 were positive only for 5'UTR RT-qPCR and 30 were negative for the three assays. In conclusion, both assays were able to detect Mass and BR genotypes, allowing rapid and easy IBV molecular typing from allantoic fluids and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Padilha de Fraga
- A Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil - ULBRA, Canoas, 92425-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,B Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha, 94940-030, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nilo Ikuta
- A Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil - ULBRA, Canoas, 92425-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,B Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha, 94940-030, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eder Balestrin
- A Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil - ULBRA, Canoas, 92425-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carolina Dias Rodrigues
- A Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil - ULBRA, Canoas, 92425-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Wageck Canal
- D Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vagner Ricardo Lunge
- A Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil - ULBRA, Canoas, 92425-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,B Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha, 94940-030, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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25
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Accurate Detection of Avian Respiratory Viruses by Use of Multiplex PCR-Based Luminex Suspension Microarray Assay. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:2716-2725. [PMID: 27558184 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00610-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel oligonucleotide suspension microarray (Luminex microsphere system) was developed for the rapid detection of avian respiratory viruses of major clinical importance. This test was optimized and validated with 70 clinical samples. The developed tool was accurate for high-throughput detection and differentiation of the most important avian respiratory viruses: avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infection bronchitis virus (IBV), and infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) in single- and mixed-virus infections. A multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), followed by a monoplex or a multiplex Luminex assays, were realized using a Luminex 200 analyzer instrument. The sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of the multiplex DNA suspension microarray system were evaluated. The results showed no significant differences in the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) value in monoplex and multiplex Luminex assays. The sensitivity and specificity proved to be completely concordant with monoplex real-time RT-PCR. We demonstrated that the multiplex DNA suspension microarray system is an accurate, high-throughput, and relatively simple method for the rapid detection of the main respiratory viruses of poultry.
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26
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Reddy VRAP, Trus I, Desmarets LMB, Li Y, Theuns S, Nauwynck HJ. Productive replication of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus in peripheral blood monocytic cells, a strategy for viral dissemination and kidney infection in chickens. Vet Res 2016; 47:70. [PMID: 27412035 PMCID: PMC4944500 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the replication kinetics of nephropathogenic (B1648) and respiratory (Massachusetts-M41) IBV strains were compared in vitro in respiratory mucosa explants and blood monocytes (KUL01+ cells), and in vivo in chickens to understand why some IBV strains have a kidney tropism. B1648 was replicating somewhat better than M41 in the epithelium of the respiratory mucosa explants and used more KUL01+ cells to penetrate the deeper layers of the respiratory tract. B1648 was productively replicating in KUL01+ monocytic cells in contrast with M41. In B1648 inoculated animals, 102.7–6.8 viral RNA copies/100 mg were detected in tracheal secretions at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days post inoculation (dpi), 102.4–4.5 viral RNA copies/mL in plasma at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 dpi and 101.8–4.4 viral RNA copies/106 mononuclear cells in blood at 2, 4, 6 and 8 dpi. In M41 inoculated animals, 102.6–7.0 viral RNA copies/100 mg were detected in tracheal secretions at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 dpi, but viral RNA was not demonstrated in plasma and mononuclear cells (except in one chicken at 6 dpi). Infectious virus was detected only in plasma and mononuclear cells of the B1648 group. At euthanasia (12 dpi), viral RNA and antigen positive cells were detected in lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys of only the B1648 group and in tracheas of both the B1648 and M41 group. In conclusion, only B1648 can easily disseminate to internal organs via a cell-free and -associated viremia with KUL01+ cells as important carrier cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwanatha R A P Reddy
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Ivan Trus
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lowiese M B Desmarets
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Yewei Li
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Theuns
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hans J Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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27
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Marandino A, Tomás G, Hernández M, Panzera Y, Craig MI, Vagnozzi A, Vera F, Techera C, Grecco S, Banda A, Hernández D, Pérez R. Development of RT-qPCR assays for the specific identification of two major genotypes of avian infectious bronchitis virus. J Virol Methods 2016; 235:21-25. [PMID: 27181213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (Gammacoronavirus, Coronaviridae) is a genetically variable RNA virus (27.6kb) that causes one of the most persistent respiratory disease in poultry. The virus is classified in genotypes with different epidemiological relevance and clinical implications. The present study reports the development and validation of specific RT-qPCR assays for the detection of two major IBV genotypes: South America I (SAI) and Asia/South America II (A/SAII). The SAI genotype is an exclusive and widespread South American lineage while the A/SAII genotype is distributed in Asia, Europe and South America. Both identification assays employ TaqMan probes that hybridize with unique sequences in the spike glycoprotein gene. The assays successfully detected all the assessed strains belonging to both genotypes, showing high specificity and absence of cross-reactivity. Using serial dilutions of in vitro-transcribed RNA we obtained acceptable determination coefficients, PCR efficiencies and relatively small intra- and inter-assay variability. The assays demonstrated a wide dynamic range between 10(1)-10(7) and 10(2)-10(7) RNA copies/reaction for SAI and A/SAII strains, respectively. The possibility to characterize a large number of samples in a rapid, sensitive and reproducible way makes these techniques suitable tools for routine testing, IBV control, and epidemiological research in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marandino
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Tomás
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martín Hernández
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Isabel Craig
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, CC 25 (1712) Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Vagnozzi
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, CC 25 (1712) Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Vera
- Laboratorio Sanidad Aviar, INTA- E.E.A, Concepción del Uruguay, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Claudia Techera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sofía Grecco
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Banda
- Poultry Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Pearl, MS 39288, USA
| | - Diego Hernández
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Fellahi S, Harrak ME, Kuhn JH, Sebbar G, Bouaiti EA, Khataby K, Fihri OF, Houadfi ME, Ennaji MM. Comparison of SYBR green I real-time RT-PCR with conventional agarose gel-based RT-PCR for the diagnosis of infectious bronchitis virus infection in chickens in Morocco. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:231. [PMID: 27106608 PMCID: PMC4841946 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rapid, sensitive, and specific molecular method for the diagnosis of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection is important in curbing infectious bronchitis outbreaks in Morocco and other countries. METHODS In this study, an easy-to-perform SYBR green I real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the nucleocapsid gene of IBV was developed and compared with conventional agarose gel-based RT-PCR for the detection of IBV infection. RESULTS We found that the SYBR green I real-time RT-PCR was at least 10 times more sensitive than the agarose gel electrophoresis detection method. The assay exhibited high specificity for IBV infection. All negative controls, such as Newcastle disease virus, infectious bursal disease virus, and avian influenza virus, were not detected. CONCLUSION The SYBR green I real-time RT-PCR test described herein can be used to rapidly distinguish IBV from other respiratory pathogens, which is important for diagnosis and control of infectious bronchitis outbreaks in Morocco. The test is a valuable and useful method as a routine assay for diagnosis of clinical IBV infection in commercial chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham Fellahi
- />Unit of Avian Pathology, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, B.P. 6202, Rabat, Morocco
- />Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology and Quality/Ecotoxicology & Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques-University Hassan II Mohammedia, PO Box 146, Quartier Yasmina-Mohammedia, 20650 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mehdi El Harrak
- />Laboratory of Molecular Biology-Society of Biological Products and Veterinary Pharmaceuticals (Biopharma), B.P. 4569, Km 2, Route de Casa, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jens H. Kuhn
- />Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Ghizlane Sebbar
- />Laboratory of Molecular Biology-Society of Biological Products and Veterinary Pharmaceuticals (Biopharma), B.P. 4569, Km 2, Route de Casa, Rabat, Morocco
| | - El Arbi Bouaiti
- />Laboratory of Epidemiology and Clinical Research. Faculty of Medicine, B.P. 1014, 4, Avenue Ibn Battouta, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khadija Khataby
- />Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology and Quality/Ecotoxicology & Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques-University Hassan II Mohammedia, PO Box 146, Quartier Yasmina-Mohammedia, 20650 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ouafae Fassi Fihri
- />Unit of Avian Pathology, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, B.P. 6202, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Houadfi
- />Unit of Avian Pathology, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, B.P. 6202, Rabat, Morocco
| | - My Mustapha Ennaji
- />Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology and Quality/Ecotoxicology & Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques-University Hassan II Mohammedia, PO Box 146, Quartier Yasmina-Mohammedia, 20650 Casablanca, Morocco
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Pathogenesis and Diagnostic Approaches of Avian Infectious Bronchitis. Adv Virol 2016; 2016:4621659. [PMID: 26955391 PMCID: PMC4756178 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4621659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is one of the major economically important poultry diseases distributed worldwide. It is caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and affects both galliform and nongalliform birds. Its economic impact includes decreased egg production and poor egg quality in layers, stunted growth, poor carcass weight, and mortality in broiler chickens. Although primarily affecting the respiratory tract, IBV demonstrates a wide range of tissues tropism, including the renal and reproductive systems. Thus, disease outcome may be influenced by the organ or tissue involved as well as pathotypes or strain of the infecting virus. Knowledge on the epidemiology of the prevalent IBV strains in a particular region is therefore important to guide control and preventions. Meanwhile previous diagnostic methods such as serology and virus isolations are less sensitive and time consuming, respectively; current methods, such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), and sequencing, offer highly sensitive, rapid, and accurate diagnostic results, thus enabling the genotyping of new viral strains within the shortest possible time. This review discusses aspects on pathogenesis and diagnostic methods for IBV infection.
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Roh HJ, Hilt DA, Jackwood MW. Detection of infectious bronchitis virus with the use of real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR and correlation with virus detection in embryonated eggs. Avian Dis 2015; 58:398-403. [PMID: 25518434 DOI: 10.1637/10764-010914-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays have been used to detect the presence of challenge virus when the efficacy of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccine against field viruses is being experimentally evaluated. However, federal guidelines for licensing IBV vaccines indicate that challenge-virus detection following vaccination is to be conducted in embryonated eggs. In this study, we examined qRT-PCR data with the use of universal and type-specific primers and probe sets for IBV detection and compared those data with challenge-virus detection in embryonated eggs to determine if the two methods of evaluating vaccine efficacy are comparable. In addition, we tested the qRT-PCR assays on thermocyclers from two different manufacturers. We found the universal IBV primers and probe set to be comparable to challenge-virus detection in embryonated eggs. However, for some IBV types (Mass41 and Conn on the SmartCycler II and Ark, Mass41, Conn, and GA98 on the ABI 7500) the qRT-PCR assay was more sensitive than virus detection in embryonated eggs. This may simply be due to the universal IBV qRT-PCR assay being more sensitive than virus detection in eggs or to the assay detecting nucleic acid from nonviable virus. This finding is important and needs to be considered when evaluating challenge-virus detection for vaccination and challenge studies, because qRT-PCR could potentially identify positive birds that would otherwise be negative by virus detection in embryonated eggs; thus it could lead to a more stringent measure of vaccine efficacy. We also found that the IBV type-specific primers and probe sets designed in this study were in general less sensitive than the universal IBV primers and probe set. Only the Ark-DPI-spedcific assay on the SmartCycler II and the Ark-DPI-, Mass41-, and DE072/GA98- (for detection of GA98 virus only) specific assays on the ABI 7500 were comparable in sensitivity to virus detection in eggs. We found that a number of variables, including the virus type examined, primers and probe efficiency and stability, and assay conditions, including thermocycler platform, can affect the data obtained from qRT-PCR assays. These results indicate that qRT-PCR assays can be used to detect IBV challenge virus, but each assay, including the assay conditions and thermocycler, should be individually evaluated if those data are expected to be comparable to virus detection in embryonated eggs.
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