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Shin JH, Oh S, Jang MH, Lee SY, Min C, Eu YJ, Begum H, Kim JC, Lee GR, Oh HB, Paul MJ, Ma JKC, Gwak HS, Youn H, Kim SR. Enhanced efficacy of glycoengineered rice cell-produced trastuzumab. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 39016470 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
For several decades, a plant-based expression system has been proposed as an alternative platform for the production of biopharmaceuticals including therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), but the immunogenicity concerns associated with plant-specific N-glycans attached in plant-based biopharmaceuticals has not been completely solved. To eliminate all plant-specific N-glycan structure, eight genes involved in plant-specific N-glycosylation were mutated in rice (Oryza sativa) using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The glycoengineered cell lines, PhytoRice®, contained a predominant GnGn (G0) glycoform. The gene for codon-optimized trastuzumab (TMab) was then introduced into PhytoRice® through Agrobacterium co-cultivation. Selected cell lines were suspension cultured, and TMab secreted from cells was purified from the cultured media. The amino acid sequence of the TMab produced by PhytoRice® (P-TMab) was identical to that of TMab. The inhibitory effect of P-TMab on the proliferation of the BT-474 cancer cell line was significantly enhanced at concentrations above 1 μg/mL (****P < 0.0001). P-TMab bound to a FcγRIIIa variant, FcγRIIIa-F158, more than 2.7 times more effectively than TMab. The ADCC efficacy of P-TMab against Jurkat cells was 2.6 times higher than that of TMab in an in vitro ADCC assay. Furthermore, P-TMab demonstrated efficient tumour uptake with less liver uptake compared to TMab in a xenograft assay using the BT-474 mouse model. These results suggest that the glycoengineered PhytoRice® could be an alternative platform for mAb production compared to current CHO cells, and P-TMab has a novel and enhanced efficacy compared to TMab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hye Shin
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
- PhytoMab Co. Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sera Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chanhong Min
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Hilal Begum
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gap Ryol Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Bin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Julian K-C Ma
- Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Ho-Shin Gwak
- National Cancer Center Korea, Goyang-si, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ryong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
- PhytoMab Co. Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
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Bianco V, Svecla M, Vingiani GB, Kolb D, Schwarz B, Buerger M, Beretta G, Norata GD, Kratky D. Regional Differences in the Small Intestinal Proteome of Control Mice and of Mice Lacking Lysosomal Acid Lipase. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1506-1518. [PMID: 38422518 PMCID: PMC7615810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The metabolic contribution of the small intestine (SI) is still unclear despite recent studies investigating the involvement of single cells in regional differences. Using untargeted proteomics, we identified regional characteristics of the three intestinal tracts of C57BL/6J mice and found that proteins abundant in the mouse ileum correlated with the high ileal expression of the corresponding genes in humans. In the SI of C57BL/6J mice, we also detected an increasing abundance of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), which is responsible for degrading triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters within the lysosome. LAL deficiency in patients and mice leads to lipid accumulation, gastrointestinal disturbances, and malabsorption. We previously demonstrated that macrophages massively infiltrated the SI of Lal-deficient (KO) mice, especially in the duodenum. Using untargeted proteomics (ProteomeXchange repository, data identifier PXD048378), we revealed a general inflammatory response and a common lipid-associated macrophage phenotype in all three intestinal segments of Lal KO mice, accompanied by a higher expression of GPNMB and concentrations of circulating sTREM2. However, only duodenal macrophages activated a metabolic switch from lipids to other pathways, which were downregulated in the jejunum and ileum of Lal KO mice. Our results provide new insights into the process of absorption in control mice and possible novel markers of LAL-D and/or systemic inflammation in LAL-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bianco
- Gottfried
Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Svecla
- Department
of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Vingiani
- Department
of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Core
Facility Ultrastructural Analysis, Medical
University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Gottfried
Schatz Research Center, Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Birgit Schwarz
- Gottfried
Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Buerger
- Gottfried
Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department
of Environmental Science and Policy, Università
degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department
of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Centro
SISA per lo studio dell’Aterosclerosi, Ospedale Bassini, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried
Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Svecla M, Da Dalt L, Moregola A, Nour J, Baragetti A, Uboldi P, Donetti E, Arnaboldi L, Beretta G, Bonacina F, Norata GD. ASGR1 deficiency diverts lipids toward adipose tissue but results in liver damage during obesity. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:42. [PMID: 38281933 PMCID: PMC10823681 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1), primarily expressed on hepatocytes, promotes the clearance and the degradation of glycoproteins, including lipoproteins, from the circulation. In humans, loss-of-function variants of ASGR1 are associated with a favorable metabolic profile and reduced incidence of cardiovascular diseases. The molecular mechanisms by which ASGR1 could affect the onset of metabolic syndrome and obesity are unclear. Therefore, here we investigated the contribution of ASGR1 in the development of metabolic syndrome and obesity. METHODS ASGR1 deficient mice (ASGR1-/-) were subjected to a high-fat diet (45% Kcal from fat) for 20 weeks. The systemic metabolic profile, hepatic and visceral adipose tissue were characterized for metabolic and structural alterations, as well as for immune cells infiltration. RESULTS ASGR1-/- mice present a hypertrophic adipose tissue with 41% increase in fat accumulation in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), alongside with alteration in lipid metabolic pathways. Intriguingly, ASGR1-/- mice exhibit a comparable response to an acute glucose and insulin challenge in circulation, coupled with notably decreased in circulating cholesterol levels. Although the liver of ASGR1-/- have similar lipid accumulation to the WT mice, they present elevated levels of liver inflammation and a decrease in mitochondrial function. CONCLUSION ASGR1 deficiency impacts energetic homeostasis during obesity leading to improved plasma lipid levels but increased VAT lipid accumulation and liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Svecla
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Da Dalt
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Moregola
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jasmine Nour
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Uboldi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Donetti
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Arnaboldi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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O’Flaherty R, Amez Martín M, Gardner RA, Jennings PM, Rudd PM, Spencer DIR, Falck D. Erythropoietin N-glycosylation of Therapeutic Formulations Quantified and Characterized: An Interlab Comparability Study of High-Throughput Methods. Biomolecules 2024; 14:125. [PMID: 38254725 PMCID: PMC10813422 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) is a biopharmaceutical frequently used in the treatment of anemia. It is a heavily glycosylated protein with a diverse and complex glycome. EPO N-glycosylation influences important pharmacological parameters, prominently serum half-life. Therefore, EPO N-glycosylation analysis is of the utmost importance in terms of controlling critical quality attributes. In this work, we performed an interlaboratory study of glycoanalytical techniques for profiling and in-depth characterization, namely (1) hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after 2-aminobenzamide labeling (HILIC-FLD(2AB)) and optional weak anion exchange chromatography (WAX) fractionation and exoglycosidase digestion, (2) HILIC-FLD after procainamide labeling (PROC) optionally coupled to electrospray ionization-MS and (3) matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). All techniques showed good precision and were able to differentiate the unique N-glycosylation profiles of the various EPO preparations. HILIC-FLD showed higher precision, while MALDI-TOF-MS covered the most analytes. However, HILIC-FLD differentiated isomeric N-glycans, i.e., N-acetyllactosamine repeats and O-acetylation regioisomers. For routine profiling, HILIC-FLD methods are more accessible and cover isomerism in major structures, while MALDI-MS covers more minor analytes with an attractively high throughput. For in-depth characterization, MALDI-MS and HILIC-FLD(2AB)/WAX give a similar amount of orthogonal information. HILIC-FLD(PROC)-MS is attractive for covering isomerism of major structures with a significantly less extensive workflow compared to HILIC-FLD(2AB)/WAX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róisín O’Flaherty
- National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Blackrock, A94 X099 Dublin, Ireland (P.M.J.)
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, W23 F2K8 Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Manuela Amez Martín
- Ludger Ltd., Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3EB, UK; (M.A.M.); (R.A.G.); (D.I.R.S.)
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A. Gardner
- Ludger Ltd., Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3EB, UK; (M.A.M.); (R.A.G.); (D.I.R.S.)
| | - Patrick M. Jennings
- National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Blackrock, A94 X099 Dublin, Ireland (P.M.J.)
| | - Pauline M. Rudd
- National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Blackrock, A94 X099 Dublin, Ireland (P.M.J.)
| | - Daniel I. R. Spencer
- Ludger Ltd., Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3EB, UK; (M.A.M.); (R.A.G.); (D.I.R.S.)
| | - David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Amor M, Bianco V, Buerger M, Lechleitner M, Vujić N, Dobrijević A, Akhmetshina A, Pirchheim A, Schwarz B, Pessentheiner AR, Baumgartner F, Rampitsch K, Schauer S, Klobučar I, Degoricija V, Pregartner G, Kummer D, Svecla M, Sommer G, Kolb D, Holzapfel GA, Hoefler G, Frank S, Norata GD, Kratky D. Genetic deletion of MMP12 ameliorates cardiometabolic disease by improving insulin sensitivity, systemic inflammation, and atherosclerotic features in mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:327. [PMID: 38017481 PMCID: PMC10685620 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) is a macrophage-secreted protein that is massively upregulated as a pro-inflammatory factor in metabolic and vascular tissues of mice and humans suffering from cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). However, the molecular mechanisms explaining the contributions of MMP12 to CMDs are still unclear. METHODS We investigated the impact of MMP12 deficiency on CMDs in a mouse model that mimics human disease by simultaneously developing adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. To this end, we generated and characterized low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)/Mmp12-double knockout (DKO) mice fed a high-fat sucrose- and cholesterol-enriched diet for 16-20 weeks. RESULTS DKO mice showed lower cholesterol and plasma glucose concentrations and improved insulin sensitivity compared with LdlrKO mice. Untargeted proteomic analyses of epididymal white adipose tissue revealed that inflammation- and fibrosis-related pathways were downregulated in DKO mice. In addition, genetic deletion of MMP12 led to alterations in immune cell composition and a reduction in plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in peripheral blood which indicated decreased low-grade systemic inflammation. Aortic en face analyses and staining of aortic valve sections demonstrated reduced atherosclerotic plaque size and collagen content, which was paralleled by an improved relaxation pattern and endothelial function of the aortic rings and more elastic aortic sections in DKO compared to LdlrKO mice. Shotgun proteomics revealed upregulation of anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective markers in the aortas of DKO mice, further supporting our data. In humans, MMP12 serum concentrations were only weakly associated with clinical and laboratory indicators of CMDs. CONCLUSION We conclude that the genetic deletion of MMP12 ameliorates obesity-induced low-grade inflammation, white adipose tissue dysfunction, biomechanical properties of the aorta, and the development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting MMP12 may represent a promising approach to combat CMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Amor
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Valentina Bianco
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Martin Buerger
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Margarete Lechleitner
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Anja Dobrijević
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alena Akhmetshina
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Anita Pirchheim
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Birgit Schwarz
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Ariane R Pessentheiner
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Silvia Schauer
- Diagnostics and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Iva Klobučar
- Sisters of Charity, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Degoricija
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medicine, Sisters of Charity, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gudrun Pregartner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Kummer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Svecla
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gerhard Sommer
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Core Facility Ultrastructural Analysis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard A Holzapfel
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostics and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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