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Shi X, Zhang Y, Chen S, Du X, Zhang P, Duan X, Fang H, Liu S. Differential gene expression and immune cell infiltration in maedi-visna virus-infected lung tissues. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:534. [PMID: 38816794 PMCID: PMC11141007 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maedi-visna virus (MVV) is a lentivirus that infects monocyte/macrophage lineage cells in sheep, goats, and wild ruminants and causes pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, and encephalitis. The immune response to MVV infection is complex, and a complete understanding of its infection and pathogenesis is lacking. This study investigated the in vivo transcriptomic patterns of lung tissues in sheep exposed to MVV using the RNA sequencing technology. RESULT The results indicated that 2,739 genes were significantly differentially expressed, with 1,643 downregulated genes and 1,096 upregulated genes. Many variables that could be unique to MVV infections were discovered. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that a significant proportion of genes was enriched in terms directly related to the immune system and biological responses to viral infections. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that the most enriched pathways were related to virus-host cell interactions and inflammatory responses. Numerous immune-related genes, including those encoding several cytokines and interferon regulatory factors, were identified in the protein-protein interaction network of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The expression of DEGs was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. CXCL13, CXCL6, CXCL11, CCR1, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, TNFSF8, TNFRSF8, IL7R, IFN-γ, CCL2, and MMP9 were upregulated. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to identify the types of immune cells that infiltrated MVV-infected tissues. B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and macrophages were the most prevalent immune cells correlated with MVV infection in the lungs. CONCLUSION Overall, the findings of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of the in vivo host response to MVV infection and offer new perspectives on the gene regulatory networks that underlie pathogenesis in natural hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Zhao Wu Da Road No. 306, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Zhao Wu Da Road No. 306, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Sixu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Zhao Wu Da Road No. 306, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Xiaoyue Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Zhao Wu Da Road No. 306, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Zhao Wu Da Road No. 306, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Xujie Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Zhao Wu Da Road No. 306, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Hui Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Zhao Wu Da Road No. 306, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Zhao Wu Da Road No. 306, Hohhot, 010018, China.
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot, 010018, China.
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, 010018, China.
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Boreland AJ, Stillitano AC, Lin HC, Abbo Y, Hart RP, Jiang P, Pang ZP, Rabson AB. Sustained type I interferon signaling after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of human iPSC derived microglia and cerebral organoids. iScience 2024; 27:109628. [PMID: 38628961 PMCID: PMC11019286 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) affects up to half of people living with HIV-1 and causes long term neurological consequences. The pathophysiology of HIV-1-induced glial and neuronal functional deficits in humans remains enigmatic. To bridge this gap, we established a model simulating HIV-1 infection in the central nervous system using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia combined with sliced neocortical organoids. Incubation of microglia with two replication-competent macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strains (JRFL and YU2) elicited productive infection and inflammatory activation. RNA sequencing revealed significant and sustained activation of type I interferon signaling pathways. Incorporating microglia into sliced neocortical organoids extended the effects of aberrant type I interferon signaling in a human neural context. Collectively, our results illuminate a role for persistent type I interferon signaling in HIV-1-infected microglia in a human neural model, suggesting its potential significance in the pathogenesis of HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Boreland
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Alessandro C. Stillitano
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Hsin-Ching Lin
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yara Abbo
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ronald P. Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zhiping P. Pang
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Arnold B. Rabson
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, and Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Oliveira VHF, Willig AL, Davey CH, Buford TW, Menezes P, Cachay E, Crane HM, Burkholder GA, Gripshover BM, Fleming JG, Cleveland JD, Webel AR. Brief Report: Relationship Between Adiposity and Biomarkers of Aging and Frailty Among Adults Aging With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2024; 95:377-382. [PMID: 38100820 PMCID: PMC10922782 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the relationships among adiposity, handgrip, physical function, inflammation (ie, senescence-associated secretory phenotype chemokines as biomarkers of aging and frailty), and sex hormones in aging people with HIV. METHODS This cross-sectional exploratory study included 150 people with HIV aged ≥40 years (67.3% of participants were male). Our measures included (1) body mass index and waist circumference as measures of adiposity; (2) handgrip as a measure of muscle strength; (3) short physical performance battery as a measure of physical function; (4) interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor II, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, C-X-C motif chemokine 10, and C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 also known as fractalkine as senescence-associated secretory phenotype chemokines; and (5) free testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, and dehydroepiandrosterone as sex hormones. Quantile regression analyses were used to identify relationships among inflammatory markers and hormones with age, adiposity, handgrip, and physical function. RESULTS Overall, 74% (n = 111) of participants were classified as overweight or obese and 53.3% (n = 80) presented with abdominal obesity. After controlling for age and sex, body mass index was positively associated with estradiol (β = 0.043, P < 0.01), and waist circumference was positively associated with high sensitivity C-reactive protein (β = 2.151, P < 0.01). After controlling for sex, age was positively associated with C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (β = 0.024, P = 0.03) and tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor II (β = 2.205, P = 0.01). After controlling for age and sex, short physical performance battery was negatively associated with dehydroepiandrosterone (β = -0.004, P = 0.01); no statistically significant associations were observed for handgrip. CONCLUSION Adiposity levels and aging were associated with inflammation (ie, C-X-C motif chemokine 10, tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor II, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein) among people with HIV aged 40 years and older.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas W Buford
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Birmingham/Atlanta VA GRECC, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
| | - Prema Menezes
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Dwivedi AK, Gornalusse GG, Siegel DA, Barbehenn A, Thanh C, Hoh R, Hobbs KS, Pan T, Gibson EA, Martin J, Hecht F, Pilcher C, Milush J, Busch MP, Stone M, Huang ML, Reppetti J, Vo PM, Levy CN, Roychoudhury P, Jerome KR, Hladik F, Henrich TJ, Deeks SG, Lee SA. A cohort-based study of host gene expression: tumor suppressor and innate immune/inflammatory pathways associated with the HIV reservoir size. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011114. [PMID: 38019897 PMCID: PMC10712869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The major barrier to an HIV cure is the HIV reservoir: latently-infected cells that persist despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). There have been few cohort-based studies evaluating host genomic or transcriptomic predictors of the HIV reservoir. We performed host RNA sequencing and HIV reservoir quantification (total DNA [tDNA], unspliced RNA [usRNA], intact DNA) from peripheral CD4+ T cells from 191 ART-suppressed people with HIV (PWH). After adjusting for nadir CD4+ count, timing of ART initiation, and genetic ancestry, we identified two host genes for which higher expression was significantly associated with smaller total DNA viral reservoir size, P3H3 and NBL1, both known tumor suppressor genes. We then identified 17 host genes for which lower expression was associated with higher residual transcription (HIV usRNA). These included novel associations with membrane channel (KCNJ2, GJB2), inflammasome (IL1A, CSF3, TNFAIP5, TNFAIP6, TNFAIP9, CXCL3, CXCL10), and innate immunity (TLR7) genes (FDR-adjusted q<0.05). Gene set enrichment analyses further identified significant associations of HIV usRNA with TLR4/microbial translocation (q = 0.006), IL-1/NRLP3 inflammasome (q = 0.008), and IL-10 (q = 0.037) signaling. Protein validation assays using ELISA and multiplex cytokine assays supported these observed inverse host gene correlations, with P3H3, IL-10, and TNF-α protein associations achieving statistical significance (p<0.05). Plasma IL-10 was also significantly inversely associated with HIV DNA (p = 0.016). HIV intact DNA was not associated with differential host gene expression, although this may have been due to a large number of undetectable values in our study. To our knowledge, this is the largest host transcriptomic study of the HIV reservoir. Our findings suggest that host gene expression may vary in response to the transcriptionally active reservoir and that changes in cellular proliferation genes may influence the size of the HIV reservoir. These findings add important data to the limited host genetic HIV reservoir studies to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K. Dwivedi
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Germán G. Gornalusse
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David A. Siegel
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alton Barbehenn
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Cassandra Thanh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Hoh
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kristen S. Hobbs
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Tony Pan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Erica A. Gibson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Martin
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of California San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Frederick Hecht
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher Pilcher
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Milush
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Busch
- Vitalant Blood Bank, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Blood Bank, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Meei-Li Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Julieta Reppetti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO- Houssay), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Phuong M. Vo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Claire N. Levy
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Pavitra Roychoudhury
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Keith R. Jerome
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Florian Hladik
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Henrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sulggi A. Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Boreland AJ, Stillitano AC, Lin HC, Abbo Y, Hart RP, Jiang P, Pang ZP, Rabson AB. Dysregulated neuroimmune interactions and sustained type I interferon signaling after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of human iPSC derived microglia and cerebral organoids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.25.563950. [PMID: 37961371 PMCID: PMC10634901 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.25.563950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) affects up to half of HIV-1 positive patients with long term neurological consequences, including dementia. There are no effective therapeutics for HAND because the pathophysiology of HIV-1 induced glial and neuronal functional deficits in humans remains enigmatic. To bridge this knowledge gap, we established a model simulating HIV-1 infection in the central nervous system using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived microglia combined with sliced neocortical organoids. Upon incubation with two replication-competent macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strains (JRFL and YU2), we observed that microglia not only became productively infected but also exhibited inflammatory activation. RNA sequencing revealed a significant and sustained activation of type I interferon signaling pathways. Incorporating microglia into sliced neocortical organoids extended the effects of aberrant type I interferon signaling in a human neural context. Collectively, our results illuminate the role of persistent type I interferon signaling in HIV-1 infected microglial in a human neural model, suggesting its potential significance in the pathogenesis of HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Boreland
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
- Department of Neuroscience, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Alessandro C. Stillitano
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Hsin-Ching Lin
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Yara Abbo
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Ronald P. Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Zhiping P. Pang
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
- Department of Neuroscience, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Arnold B. Rabson
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
- Department of Pharmacology, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, and Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
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Álvarez H, Gutiérrez-Valencia A, Mariño A, Saborido-Alconchel A, Calderón-Cruz B, Pérez-González A, Alonso-Domínguez J, Martínez-Barros I, Gallego-Rodríguez M, Moreno S, Aldamiz T, Montero-Alonso M, Bernal E, Galera C, Llibre JM, Poveda E. IP-10 and MIG are sensitive markers of early virological response to HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257725. [PMID: 37920466 PMCID: PMC10619723 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) and monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG) are chemokines recognized as inflammatory biomarkers during HIV-1 infection. We assessed their early and long-term dynamics after initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART). Methods Persons with HIV-1 (PWH) aged>18 years starting their first ART in 2015-2021 in a prospective cohort (n=73) were included. IP-10 and MIG plasma levels were quantified using a multiplexed bead-based assay. Results IP-10 and MIG plasma levels showed a significant and consistent reduction following ART (80% integrase inhibitor [INSTI]-based) initiation, starting at day 20 and maintained throughout the study period (48 months), paralleling the HIV-1 RNA decay and CD4+ count recovery (p<0·001). At baseline, PWH≥ 50 years, CDC stage C and CD4+ count<350cells/mm3 had higher levels of IP-10 (p=0·022, p=0·001 and p=0·002, respectively) and MIG (p<0·001, p=0·024 and p=0·069, respectively). All of them matched their counterparts several months following ART initiation. MIG levels showed a greater decrease at day 10 in those treated with INSTI (p=0·038). Low-level HIV-1 viremia did not impact MIG or IP-10 levels. Conclusion Plasma IP-10 and MIG showed an early significant decline following ART initiation, with greater early declines in MIG levels in INSTI-based regimens. These findings suggest a strong impact of HIV-1 viremia on IP-10 and MIG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hortensia Álvarez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS)-A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Alicia Gutiérrez-Valencia
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Mariño
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS)-A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Abraham Saborido-Alconchel
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Beatriz Calderón-Cruz
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Servicio Galego de Saúde-Universidade de Vigo (SERGAS-U, Vigo), Vigo, Spain
| | - Alexandre Pérez-González
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Servicio Galego de Saúde-Universidade de Vigo (SERGAS-U, Vigo), Vigo, Spain
| | - Jacobo Alonso-Domínguez
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Servicio Galego de Saúde-Universidade de Vigo (SERGAS-U, Vigo), Vigo, Spain
| | - Inés Martínez-Barros
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Servicio Galego de Saúde-Universidade de Vigo (SERGAS-U, Vigo), Vigo, Spain
| | - María Gallego-Rodríguez
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Servicio Galego de Saúde-Universidade de Vigo (SERGAS-U, Vigo), Vigo, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Aldamiz
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Montero-Alonso
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Bernal
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Galera
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Josep M. Llibre
- Infectious Diseases Division and Fight Infections Foundation, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Poveda
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Servicio Galego de Saúde-Universidade de Vigo (SERGAS-U, Vigo), Vigo, Spain
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7
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Nijhawan P, Carraro A, Vita S, Del Borgo C, Tortellini E, Guardiani M, Zingaropoli MA, Mengoni F, Petrozza V, Di Troia L, Marcucci I, Kertusha B, Scerpa MC, Turriziani O, Vullo V, Ciardi MR, Mastroianni CM, Marocco R, Lichtner M. Systemic, Mucosal Immune Activation and Psycho-Sexual Health in ART-Suppressed Women Living with HIV: Evaluating Biomarkers and Environmental Stimuli. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040960. [PMID: 37112940 PMCID: PMC10144999 DOI: 10.3390/v15040960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender medicine is now an approach that can no longer be neglected and must be considered in scientific research. We investigated the systemic and mucosal immune response in a population of women living with HIV (WLWH) who were receiving successful ART and the sexual and psychological repercussions of HIV infection on the women's health. As control group, healthy women (HW) matched for age and sex distribution, without any therapy, were included. In summary, our study highlighted the persistence of immune-inflammatory activation in our population, despite virological suppression and a normal CD4 cell count. We found a hyperactivation of the systemic monocyte and an increase in inflammatory cytokine concentrations at the systemic level. The analysis carried out showed a significantly higher risk of HPV coinfection in WLWH compared to HW. Furthermore, our data revealed that WLWH have a profile compatible with sexual dysfunction and generalized anxiety disorders. Our study underlines that patients living with HIV should be evaluated by multidisciplinary teams. These findings also support the idea that more and different immunological markers, in addition to those already used in clinical practice, are needed. Further studies should be carried out to clarify which of these could represent future therapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parni Nijhawan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Carraro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Santa Maria (SM) Goretti Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Serena Vita
- INMI IRCCS Lazzaro Spallanzani, via Portuense, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Cosmo Del Borgo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Santa Maria (SM) Goretti Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Eeva Tortellini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariasilvia Guardiani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Mengoni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Petrozza
- UOC of Pathology, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, I.C.O.T, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Luciana Di Troia
- Department of Andrology and Pathophysiology of Reproduction, Santa Maria (SM) Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Immacolata Marcucci
- Department of Andrology and Pathophysiology of Reproduction, Santa Maria (SM) Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Blerta Kertusha
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Santa Maria (SM) Goretti Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Scerpa
- Hematology Unit, Santa Maria (SM) Goretti Hospital, AUSL Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Ombretta Turriziani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciardi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Marocco
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Santa Maria (SM) Goretti Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Miriam Lichtner
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Santa Maria (SM) Goretti Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs, NESMOS, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
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8
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Divergent Cytokine and Chemokine Responses at Early Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Correlated with Virus Replication and CD4 T Cell Loss in a Rhesus Macaque Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020264. [PMID: 36851142 PMCID: PMC9963901 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine and chemokine levels remain one of the significant predictive factors of HIV pathogenesis and disease outcome. Understanding the impact of cytokines and chemokines during early acute infection will help to recognize critical changes during HIV pathogenesis and might assist in establishing improved HIV treatment and prevention methods. Sixty-one cytokines and chemokines were evaluated in the plasma of an SIV-infected rhesus macaque model. A substantial change in 11 cytokines/growth factors and 9 chemokines were observed during acute infection. Almost all the cytokines/chemokines were below the baseline values for an initial couple of days of infection. We detected six important cytokines/chemokines, such as IL-18, IP-10, FLT3L, MCP-1, MCP-2, and MIP-3β, that can be used as biomarkers to predict the peripheral CD4+ T cell loss and increased viral replication during the acute SIV/HIV infection. Hence, regulating IL-18, IP-10, FLT3L, MCP-1, MCP-2, and MIP-3β expression might provide an antiviral response to combat acute SIV/HIV infection.
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9
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Dwivedi AK, Siegel DA, Thanh C, Hoh R, Hobbs KS, Pan T, Gibson EA, Martin J, Hecht F, Pilcher C, Milush J, Busch MP, Stone M, Huang ML, Levy CN, Roychoudhury P, Hladik F, Jerome KR, Henrich TJ, Deeks SG, Lee SA. Differences in expression of tumor suppressor, innate immune, inflammasome, and potassium/gap junction channel host genes significantly predict viral reservoir size during treated HIV infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.10.523535. [PMID: 36712077 PMCID: PMC9882059 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.10.523535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The major barrier to an HIV cure is the persistence of infected cells that evade host immune surveillance despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Most prior host genetic HIV studies have focused on identifying DNA polymorphisms (e.g., CCR5Δ32 , MHC class I alleles) associated with viral load among untreated "elite controllers" (~1% of HIV+ individuals who are able to control virus without ART). However, there have been few studies evaluating host genetic predictors of viral control for the majority of people living with HIV (PLWH) on ART. We performed host RNA sequencing and HIV reservoir quantification (total DNA, unspliced RNA, intact DNA) from peripheral CD4+ T cells from 191 HIV+ ART-suppressed non-controllers. Multivariate models included covariates for timing of ART initiation, nadir CD4+ count, age, sex, and ancestry. Lower HIV total DNA (an estimate of the total reservoir) was associated with upregulation of tumor suppressor genes NBL1 (q=0.012) and P3H3 (q=0.012). Higher HIV unspliced RNA (an estimate of residual HIV transcription) was associated with downregulation of several host genes involving inflammasome ( IL1A, CSF3, TNFAIP5, TNFAIP6, TNFAIP9 , CXCL3, CXCL10 ) and innate immune ( TLR7 ) signaling, as well as novel associations with potassium ( KCNJ2 ) and gap junction ( GJB2 ) channels, all q<0.05. Gene set enrichment analyses identified significant associations with TLR4/microbial translocation (q=0.006), IL-1β/NRLP3 inflammasome (q=0.008), and IL-10 (q=0.037) signaling. HIV intact DNA (an estimate of the "replication-competent" reservoir) demonstrated trends with thrombin degradation ( PLGLB1 ) and glucose metabolism ( AGL ) genes, but data were (HIV intact DNA detected in only 42% of participants). Our findings demonstrate that among treated PLWH, that inflammation, innate immune responses, bacterial translocation, and tumor suppression/cell proliferation host signaling play a key role in the maintenance of the HIV reservoir during ART. Further data are needed to validate these findings, including functional genomic studies, and expanded epidemiologic studies in female, non-European cohorts. Author Summary Although lifelong HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses virus, the major barrier to an HIV cure is the persistence of infected cells that evade host immune surveillance despite effective ART, "the HIV reservoir." HIV eradication strategies have focused on eliminating residual virus to allow for HIV remission, but HIV cure trials to date have thus far failed to show a clinically meaningful reduction in the HIV reservoir. There is an urgent need for a better understanding of the host-viral dynamics during ART suppression to identify potential novel therapeutic targets for HIV cure. This is the first epidemiologic host gene expression study to demonstrate a significant link between HIV reservoir size and several well-known immunologic pathways (e.g., IL-1β, TLR7, TNF-α signaling pathways), as well as novel associations with potassium and gap junction channels (Kir2.1, connexin 26). Further data are needed to validate these findings, including functional genomic studies and expanded epidemiologic studies in female, non-European cohorts.
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10
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Ellwanger JH, Kulmann-Leal B, Ziliotto M, Chies JAB. HIV Infection, Chromosome Instability, and Micronucleus Formation. Viruses 2023; 15:155. [PMID: 36680195 PMCID: PMC9867034 DOI: 10.3390/v15010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome integrity is critical for proper cell functioning, and chromosome instability can lead to age-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Chromosome instability is caused by multiple factors, including replication stress, chromosome missegregation, exposure to pollutants, and viral infections. Although many studies have investigated the effects of environmental or lifestyle genotoxins on chromosomal integrity, information on the effects of viral infections on micronucleus formation and other chromosomal aberrations is still limited. Currently, HIV infection is considered a chronic disease treatable by antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, HIV-infected individuals still face important health problems, such as chronic inflammation and age-related diseases. In this context, this article reviews studies that have evaluated genomic instability using micronucleus assays in the context of HIV infection. In brief, HIV can induce chromosome instability directly through the interaction of HIV proteins with host DNA and indirectly through chronic inflammation or as a result of ART use. Connections between HIV infection, immunosenescence and age-related disease are discussed in this article. The monitoring of HIV-infected individuals should consider the increased risk of chromosome instability, and lifestyle interventions, such as reduced exposure to genotoxins and an antioxidant-rich diet, should be considered. Therapies to reduce chronic inflammation in HIV infection are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
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11
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Yan L, Xu K, Xiao Q, Tuo L, Luo T, Wang S, Yang R, Zhang F, Yang X. Cellular and molecular insights into incomplete immune recovery in HIV/AIDS patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1152951. [PMID: 37205108 PMCID: PMC10185893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively inhibit virus replication and restore immune function in most people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, an important proportion of patients fail to achieve a satisfactory increase in CD4+ T cell counts. This state is called incomplete immune reconstitution or immunological nonresponse (INR). Patients with INR have an increased risk of clinical progression and higher rates of mortality. Despite widespread attention to INR, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. In this review, we will discuss the alterations in the quantity and quality of CD4+ T as well as multiple immunocytes, changes in soluble molecules and cytokines, and their relationship with INR, aimed to provide cellular and molecular insights into incomplete immune reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Yan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xingxiang Yang, ; Fujie Zhang, ; Liting Yan,
| | - Kaiju Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Tuo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuqiang Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Renguo Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Fujie Zhang
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xingxiang Yang, ; Fujie Zhang, ; Liting Yan,
| | - Xingxiang Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xingxiang Yang, ; Fujie Zhang, ; Liting Yan,
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12
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Mwamba C, Beres LK, Topp SM, Mukamba N, Simbeza S, Sikombe K, Mody A, Geng E, Holmes CB, Kennedy CE, Sikazwe I, Denison JA, Bolton Moore C. 'I need time to start antiretroviral therapy': understanding reasons for delayed ART initiation among people diagnosed with HIV in Lusaka, Zambia'. Ann Med 2022; 54:830-836. [PMID: 35311423 PMCID: PMC8942536 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2051069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation can improve patient outcomes such as viral suppression and prevent new infections. However, not everyone who can start ART does so immediately. METHODS We conducted a qualitative study to inform interventions supporting rapid initiation in the 'Test and Start' era. We purposively sampled 20 adult patients living with HIV and a previous gap in care from ten health facilities in Lusaka, Zambia for interviews. We inductively analysed transcripts using a thematic, narrative approach. In their narratives, seven participants discussed delaying ART initiation. RESULTS Drawing on messages gleaned from facility-based counselling and community information, many cited greater fear of rapid sickness or death due to imperfect adherence or treatment side effects than negative health consequences due to delayed initiation. Participants described needing time to 'prepare' their minds for a lifetime treatment commitment. Concerns about inadvertent HIV status disclosure during drug collection discouraged immediate initiation, as did feeling healthy, and worries about the impact of ART initiation on relationship dynamics. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that counselling messages should accurately communicate treatment risks, without perpetuating fear-based narratives about HIV. Identifying and managing patient-specific concerns and reasons for the 'need for time' may be important for supporting individuals to rapidly accept lifelong treatment.Key messagesFear-based adherence messaging in health facilities about the dangers of missing a treatment dose or changing the time when ART is taken contributes to Zambian patients' refusals of immediate ART initiationResponsive health systems that balance a stated need for time to accept one's diagnosis and prepare to embark on a lifelong treatment plan with interventions to identify and manage patient-specific treatment related fears and concerns may support more rapid ART initiationPerceived social stigma around HIV continues to be a significant challenge for treatment initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanda Mwamba
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Laura K Beres
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie M Topp
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Njekwa Mukamba
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Sandra Simbeza
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kombatende Sikombe
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Public Health Environments and Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aaloke Mody
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elvin Geng
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Caitlin E Kennedy
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Izukanji Sikazwe
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Julie A Denison
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Perdomo-Celis F, Arcia-Anaya D, Alzate JC, Velilla PA, Díaz FJ, Posada MP, Rugeles MT, Taborda NA. Identification of CD8+ T cell subsets that normalize in early-treated people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Res Ther 2022; 19:42. [PMID: 36104716 PMCID: PMC9476577 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-022-00465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has decreased the mortality associated with HIV infection, complete immune reconstitution is not achieved despite viral suppression. Alterations of CD8+ T cells and some of their subpopulations, such as interleukin (IL)-17-producing cells, are evidenced in treated individuals and are associated with systemic inflammation and adverse disease outcomes. We sought to evaluate if different CD8+ T cell subsets are differentially normalized during a clinical follow-up of people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving suppressive cART. Methods We explored the changes in the frequencies, activation/exhaustion phenotypes (HLA-DR, CD38, PD-1, and TIM-3), and function (total and HIV-specific cells expressing CD107a, perforin, granzyme B, interferon [IFN]-γ and IL-17) of CD8+ T cells from early-treated PLWH receiving cART in a 1-year follow-up, using a multidimensional flow cytometry approach. Results Despite continuous cART-induced viral suppression and recovery of CD4+ T cells, after a 1-year follow-up, the CD8+ T cell counts, CD4:CD8 ratio, PD-1 expression, and IL-17 production by CD8+ T cells exhibited incomplete normalization compared with seronegative controls. However, the proportion of CD8+ T cells with an exhausted phenotype (co-expressing PD-1 andTIM-3), and cells co-expressing cytotoxic molecules (Perforin and Granzyme B), reached normalization. Conclusions Although suppressive cART achieves normalization of CD4+ T cell counts, only particular subsets of CD8+ T cells are more rapidly normalized in PLWH receiving cART, which could be routinely used as biomarkers for therapy efficiency in these patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12981-022-00465-0.
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14
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Markers of Immune Activation and Inflammation Are Associated with Higher Levels of Genetically-Intact HIV in HIV-HBV Co-Infected Individuals. J Virol 2022; 96:e0058822. [PMID: 35916523 PMCID: PMC9400477 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00588-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-infection with hepatitis B (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases overall and liver-related mortality. In order to identify interactions between these two viruses in vivo, full-length HIV proviruses were sequenced from a cohort of HIV-HBV co-infected participants and from a cohort of HIV mono-infected participants recruited from Bangkok, Thailand, both before the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and after at least 2 years of ART. The co-infected individuals were found to have higher levels of genetically-intact HIV proviruses than did mono-infected individuals pre-therapy. In these co-infected individuals, higher levels of genetically-intact HIV proviruses or proviral genetic-diversity were also associated with higher levels of sCD14 and CXCL10, suggesting that immune activation is linked to more genetically-intact HIV proviruses. Three years of ART decreased the overall level of HIV proviruses, with fewer genetically-intact proviruses being identified in co-infected versus mono-infected individuals. However, ART increased the frequency of certain genetic defects within proviruses and the expansion of identical HIV sequences. IMPORTANCE With the increased availability and efficacy of ART, co-morbidities are now one of the leading causes of death in HIV-positive individuals. One of these co-morbidities is co-infection with HBV. However, co-infections are still relatively understudied, especially in countries where such co-infections are endemic. Furthermore, these countries have different subtypes of HIV circulating than the commonly studied HIV subtype B. We believe that our study serves this understudied niche and provides a novel approach to investigating the impact of HBV co-infection on HIV infection. We examine co-infection at the molecular level in order to investigate indirect associations between the two viruses through their interactions with the immune system. We demonstrate that increased immune inflammation and activation in HBV co-infected individuals is associated with higher HIV viremia and an increased number of genetically-intact HIV proviruses in peripheral blood cells. This leads us to hypothesize that inflammation could be a driver in the increased mortality rate of HIV-HBV co-infected individuals.
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15
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Karakoese Z, Schwerdtfeger M, Karsten CB, Esser S, Dittmer U, Sutter K. Distinct Type I Interferon Subtypes Differentially Stimulate T Cell Responses in HIV-1-Infected Individuals. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936918. [PMID: 35911692 PMCID: PMC9326074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of type I interferons (IFNs) is one of the immediate host responses during most viral infections. The type I IFN family consists of numerous highly conserved IFNα subtypes, IFNβ, and some others. Although these IFNα subtypes were initially believed to act interchangeably, their discrete biological properties are nowadays widely accepted. Subtype-specific antiviral, immunomodulatory, and anti-proliferative activities were reported explained by differences in receptor affinity, downstream signaling events, and individual IFN-stimulated gene expression patterns. Type I IFNs and increased IFN signatures potentially linked to hyperimmune activation of T cells are critically discussed for chronic HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. Here, we aimed to analyze the broad immunological effects of specific type I IFN subtypes (IFNα2, IFNα14, and IFNβ) on T and NK cell subsets during HIV-1 infection in vitro and ex vivo. Stimulation with IFNα14 and IFNβ significantly increased frequencies of degranulating (CD107a+) gut-derived CD4+ T cells and blood-derived T and NK cells. However, frequencies of IFNγ-expressing T cells were strongly reduced after stimulation with IFNα14 and IFNβ. Phosphorylation of downstream molecules was not only IFN subtype-specific; also, significant differences in STAT5 phosphorylation were observed in both healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and PBMCs of HIV-infected individuals, but this effect was less pronounced in healthy gut-derived lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs), assuming cell and tissue specific discrepancies. In conclusion, we observed distinct type I IFN subtype-specific potencies in stimulating T and NK cell responses during HIV-1-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Karakoese
- Institute for Virology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mara Schwerdtfeger
- Institute for Virology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christina B. Karsten
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Esser
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ulf Dittmer, ; Kathrin Sutter,
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Institute for Virology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ulf Dittmer, ; Kathrin Sutter,
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16
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Farhadian SF, Lindenbaum O, Zhao J, Corley MJ, Im Y, Walsh H, Vecchio A, Garcia-Milian R, Chiarella J, Chintanaphol M, Calvi R, Wang G, Ndhlovu LC, Yoon J, Trotta D, Ma S, Kluger Y, Spudich S. HIV viral transcription and immune perturbations in the CNS of people with HIV despite ART. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e160267. [PMID: 35801589 PMCID: PMC9310520 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
People with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) experience elevated rates of neurological impairment, despite controlling for demographic factors and comorbidities, suggesting viral or neuroimmune etiologies for these deficits. Here, we apply multimodal and cross-compartmental single-cell analyses of paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood in PWH and uninfected controls. We demonstrate that a subset of central memory CD4+ T cells in the CSF produced HIV-1 RNA, despite apparent systemic viral suppression, and that HIV-1-infected cells were more frequently found in the CSF than in the blood. Using cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq), we show that the cell surface marker CD204 is a reliable marker for rare microglia-like cells in the CSF, which have been implicated in HIV neuropathogenesis, but which we did not find to contain HIV transcripts. Through a feature selection method for supervised deep learning of single-cell transcriptomes, we find that abnormal CD8+ T cell activation, rather than CD4+ T cell abnormalities, predominated in the CSF of PWH compared with controls. Overall, these findings suggest ongoing CNS viral persistence and compartmentalized CNS neuroimmune effects of HIV infection during ART and demonstrate the power of single-cell studies of CSF to better understand the CNS reservoir during HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelli F. Farhadian
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, and
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ofir Lindenbaum
- Program in Applied Mathematics, and
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael J. Corley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, and
- Feil Family Brain & Mind Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yunju Im
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hannah Walsh
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, and
| | - Alyssa Vecchio
- University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Bioinformatics Support Program, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jennifer Chiarella
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Rachela Calvi
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Guilin Wang
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, and
- Feil Family Brain & Mind Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, and
| | - Diane Trotta
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shuangge Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Program in Applied Mathematics, and
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Serena Spudich
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Solis-Leal A, Siddiqui S, Wu F, Mohan M, Hu W, Doyle-Meyers LA, Dufour JP, Ling B. Neuroinflammatory Profiling in SIV-Infected Chinese-Origin Rhesus Macaques on Antiretroviral Therapy. Viruses 2022; 14:139. [PMID: 35062343 PMCID: PMC8781366 DOI: 10.3390/v14010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) HIV reservoir is an obstacle to achieving an HIV cure. The basal ganglia harbor a higher frequency of SIV than other brain regions in the SIV-infected rhesus macaques of Chinese-origin (chRMs) even on suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). Since residual HIV/SIV reservoir is associated with inflammation, we characterized the neuroinflammation by gene expression and systemic levels of inflammatory molecules in healthy controls and SIV-infected chRMs with or without ART. CCL2, IL-6, and IFN-γ were significantly reduced in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of animals receiving ART. Moreover, there was a correlation between levels of CCL2 in plasma and CSF, suggesting the potential use of plasma CCL2 as a neuroinflammation biomarker. With higher SIV frequency, the basal ganglia of untreated SIV-infected chRMs showed an upregulation of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), which could be an indicator of ongoing neuroinflammation. While ART greatly reduced neuroinflammation in general, proinflammatory genes, such as IL-9, were still significantly upregulated. These results expand our understanding of neuroinflammation and signaling in SIV-infected chRMs on ART, an excellent model to study HIV/SIV persistence in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Solis-Leal
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (A.S.-L.); (F.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Summer Siddiqui
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (S.S.); (L.A.D.-M.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Fei Wu
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (A.S.-L.); (F.W.); (M.M.)
- Tulane Center for Aging, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mahesh Mohan
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (A.S.-L.); (F.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
| | - Lara A. Doyle-Meyers
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (S.S.); (L.A.D.-M.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Jason P. Dufour
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (S.S.); (L.A.D.-M.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Binhua Ling
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (A.S.-L.); (F.W.); (M.M.)
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (S.S.); (L.A.D.-M.); (J.P.D.)
- Tulane Center for Aging, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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18
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Gabriel EM, Wiche Salinas TR, Gosselin A, Larouche-Anctil E, Durand M, Landay AL, El-Far M, Tremblay CL, Routy JP, Ancuta P. Overt IL-32 isoform expression at intestinal level during HIV-1 infection is negatively regulated by IL-17A. AIDS 2021; 35:1881-1894. [PMID: 34101628 PMCID: PMC8416712 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Untreated HIV infection was previously associated with IL-32 overexpression in gut/intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Here, we explored IL-32 isoform expression in the colon of people with HIV (PWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and IL-32 triggers/modulators in IEC. DESIGN Sigmoid colon biopsies (SCB) and blood were collected from ART-treated PWH (HIV + ART; n = 17; mean age: 56 years; CD4+ cell counts: 679 cells/μl; time on ART: 72 months) and age-matched HIV-uninfected controls (HIVneg; n = 5). The IEC line HT-29 was used for mechanistic studies. METHODS Cells from SCB and blood were isolated by enzymatic digestion and/or gradient centrifugation. HT-29 cells were exposed to TLR1-9 agonists, TNF-α, IL-17A and HIV. IL-32α/β/γ/D/ε/θ and IL-17A mRNA levels were quantified by real-time RT-PCR. IL-32 protein levels were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS IL-32β/γ/ε isoform transcripts were detectable in the blood and SCB, with IL-32β mRNA levels being predominantly expressed in both compartments and at significantly higher levels in HIV + ART compared to HIVneg. IL-17A transcripts were only detectable in SCB, with increased IL-17A levels in HIVneg compared with HIV + ART and negatively correlated with IL-32β mRNA levels. IL-32β/γ/ε isoform mRNA were detected in HT-29 cells upon exposure to TNF-α, Poly I:C (TLR3 agonist), Flagellin (TLR-5 agonist) and HIV. IL-17A significantly decreased both IL-32 β/γ/ε mRNA and cell-associated IL-32 protein levels induced upon TNF-α and Poly I:C triggering. CONCLUSION We document IL-32 isoforms abundant in the colon of ART-treated PWH and reveal the capacity of the Th17 hallmark cytokine IL-17A to attenuate IL-32 overexpression in a model of inflamed IEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etiene Moreira Gabriel
- CHUM Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tomas Raul Wiche Salinas
- CHUM Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Madeleine Durand
- CHUM Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Cécile L. Tremblay
- CHUM Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Hematology Department, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Petronela Ancuta
- CHUM Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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19
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Niu F, Liao K, Hu G, Moidunny S, Roy S, Buch S. HIV Tat-Mediated Induction of Monocyte Transmigration Across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Role of Chemokine Receptor CXCR3. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:724970. [PMID: 34527676 PMCID: PMC8435688 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.724970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV trans-activator of transcription (Tat), one of the cytotoxic proteins secreted from HIV-infected cells, is also known to facilitate chemokine-mediated transmigration of monocytes into the brain leading, in turn, to neuroinflammation and thereby contributing to the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The mechanism(s) underlying HIV Tat-mediated enhancement of monocyte transmigration, however, remain largely unknown. CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) that is expressed by the peripheral monocytes is known to play a role in the monocyte influx and accumulation. In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time that exposure of human monocytes to HIV Tat protein resulted in upregulated expression of CXCR3 leading, in turn, to increased monocyte transmigration across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) both in the in vitro and in vivo model systems. This process involved activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), with downstream phosphorylation and activation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), and subsequent phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), ultimately leading to enhanced expression of CXCR3 in human monocytes. These findings imply a novel molecular mechanism underlying HIV Tat-mediated increase of monocyte transmigration across the BBB, while also implicating a novel role of CXCR3-dependent monocyte transmigration in HIV Tat-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Niu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Division of Clinical Research and Evaluative Sciences, Department of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Ke Liao
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Guoku Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Shamsudheen Moidunny
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sabita Roy
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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20
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Wang Z, Yin X, Ma M, Ge H, Lang B, Sun H, He S, Fu Y, Sun Y, Yu X, Zhang Z, Cui H, Han X, Xu J, Ding H, Chu Z, Shang H, Wu Y, Jiang Y. IP-10 Promotes Latent HIV Infection in Resting Memory CD4 + T Cells via LIMK-Cofilin Pathway. Front Immunol 2021; 12:656663. [PMID: 34447368 PMCID: PMC8383741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A major barrier to HIV eradication is the persistence of viral reservoirs. Resting CD4+ T cells are thought to be one of the major viral reservoirs, However, the underlying mechanism regulating HIV infection and the establishment of viral reservoir in T cells remain poorly understood. We have investigated the role of IP-10 in the establishment of HIV reservoirs in CD4+ T cells, and found that in HIV-infected individuals, plasma IP-10 was elevated, and positively correlated with HIV viral load and viral reservoir size. In addition, we found that binding of IP-10 to CXCR3 enhanced HIV latent infection of resting CD4+ T cells in vitro. Mechanistically, IP-10 stimulation promoted cofilin activity and actin dynamics, facilitating HIV entry and DNA integration. Moreover, treatment of resting CD4+ T cells with a LIM kinase inhibitor R10015 blocked cofilin phosphorylation and abrogated IP-10-mediated enhancement of HIV latent infection. These results suggest that IP-10 is a critical factor involved in HIV latent infection, and that therapeutic targeting of IP-10 may be a potential strategy for inhibiting HIV latent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaowan Yin
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meichen Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongchi Ge
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Lang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sijia He
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Yajing Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zining Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hualu Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxu Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haibo Ding
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenxing Chu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Shang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuntao Wu
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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21
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Premeaux TA, Javandel S, Hosaka KRJ, Greene M, Therrien N, Allen IE, Corley MJ, Valcour VG, Ndhlovu LC. Associations Between Plasma Immunomodulatory and Inflammatory Mediators With VACS Index Scores Among Older HIV-Infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1321. [PMID: 32695109 PMCID: PMC7338430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of age-related comorbidities is increased in people living with HIV, even in those well-controlled on combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). Persistent immune activation and inflammation may play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis; however, the burden of morbidities in the older HIV infected population may be exacerbated and driven by distinct mechanisms. In a cross sectional study of 45 HIV-infected participants 60 years or older, we examined the relationships between 14 immunomodulatory and inflammatory factors and the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) Index, a metric of multimorbidity and mortality comprised of age, CD4 count, hemoglobin, Fibrosis-4 [FIB-4], and estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], by linear regression analysis. All participants were virally suppressed (<50 HIV RNA copies/mL), on ART, and primarily Caucasian (86.7%), and male (91.1%). Plasma levels of monocyte/macrophage-associated (neopterin, IP-10, sCD163, sCD14, and MCP-1) and glycan-binding immunomodulatory factors (galectin (Gal)-1, Gal-3, and Gal-9) were assessed, as well as inflammatory biomarkers previously linked to the VACS Index (i.e., CRP, cystatin C, TNF-α, TNFRI, IL-6, and D-dimer) for comparison. In regression analysis, higher VACS index scores were associated with higher levels of neopterin, cystatin C, TNFRI, and Gal-9 (all p < 0.05), potentially driven by correlations found with individual VACS components, including age, CD4 count, FIB-4, and eGFR. Gal-9, cystatin C, and TNFRI directly correlated with the extent of multimorbidity. Multiple correlations among markers were observed, suggesting an interplay of overlapping, but distinct, pathways. Collectively, in addition to cystatin C and TNFRI, both galectin-9 and neopterin, independently emerged as novel fluid markers of the VACS Index and burden of comorbidity and may further guide in understanding pathogenic mechanisms of age-related disorders in older HIV-infected individuals on suppressive ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Premeaux
- Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Shireen Javandel
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kalei R J Hosaka
- Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Meredith Greene
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas Therrien
- Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Isabel E Allen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michael J Corley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Victor G Valcour
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lishomwa C Ndhlovu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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22
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Ellwanger JH, Valverde-Villegas JM, Kaminski VDL, de Medeiros RM, Almeida SEDM, Santos BR, de Melo MG, Hackenhaar FS, Chies JAB. Increased IL-8 levels in HIV-infected individuals who initiated ART with CD4 + T cell counts <350 cells/mm 3 - A potential hallmark of chronic inflammation. Microbes Infect 2020; 22:474-480. [PMID: 32534178 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The identification of inflammatory markers in HIV+ individuals on ART is fundamental since chronic ART-controlled HIV infection is linked to an increased inflammatory state. In this context, we assessed plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-12p70) of HIV+ individuals who initiated ART after immunosuppression (CD4+ T cell counts <350 cells/mm3). HIV+ individuals were stratified according to two extreme phenotypes: Slow Progressors (SPs; individuals with at least 8 years of infection before ART initiation) and Rapid Progressors (RPs; individuals who needed to initiate ART within 1-4 years after infection). A control group was composed of HIV-uninfected individuals. We found increased IL-8 levels (median: 5.13 pg/mL; SPs and RPs together) in HIV-infected individuals on ART as compared to controls (median: 3.2 pg/mL; p = 0.04), although no association with the progression profile (slow or rapid progressors) or CD4+ T cell counts at sampling was observed. This result indicates that IL-8 is a general marker of chronic inflammation in HIV+ individuals on ART, independently of CD4+ T cell counts at the beginning of the treatment or of the potential progression profile of the patient. In this sense, IL-8 may be considered a possible target for novel therapies focused on reducing inflammation in chronic HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Jacqueline María Valverde-Villegas
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections (PCCI) Research Unit 1058, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
| | - Valéria de Lima Kaminski
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Rúbia Marília de Medeiros
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Sabrina Esteves de Matos Almeida
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale (FEEVALE), Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernanda Schäfer Hackenhaar
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (PPGBCM), Biotechnology Center (CBiot), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil.
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23
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Leavitt C, Zakai NA, Auer P, Cushman M, Lange EM, Levitan EB, Olson N, Thornton TA, Tracy RP, Wilson JG, Lange LA, Reiner AP, Raffield LM. Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) and cardiovascular disease in African Americans. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231013. [PMID: 32240245 PMCID: PMC7117698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of chronic inflammation (such as C-reactive protein) have long been associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality; however, biomarkers involved in antiviral cytokine induction and adaptive immune system activation remain largely unexamined. We hypothesized the cytokine interferon gamma inducible protein 10 (IP-10) would be associated with clinical and subclinical cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in African Americans. We assessed these associations in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) cohort and the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. There was a modest association of IP-10 with higher odds of left ventricular hypertrophy (OR = 1.20 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 1.41) per standard deviation (SD) higher natural log-transformed IP-10 in JHS). We did not observe associations with ankle brachial index, intima-media thickness, or arterial calcification. Each SD higher increment of ln-transformed IP-10 concentration was associated with incident heart failure (hazard ratio (HR) 1.26; 95% CI 1.11, 1.42, p = 4x10-4) in JHS, and with overall mortality in both JHS (HR 1.12 per SD, 95% CI 1.03, 1.21, p = 7.5x10-3) and REGARDS (HR 1.31 per SD, 95% CI 1.10, 1.55, p = 2.0 x 10-3), adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and C-reactive protein. However, we found no association between IP-10 and stroke or coronary heart disease. These results suggest a role of IP-10 in heart failure and mortality risk independent of C-reactive protein. Further research is needed to investigate how the body's response to chronic viral infection may mediate heart failure and overall mortality risk in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton Leavitt
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Neil A. Zakai
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Paul Auer
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Ethan M. Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Emily B. Levitan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Nels Olson
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Timothy A. Thornton
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - James G. Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Leslie A. Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Alex P. Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Laura M. Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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24
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Carvalho-Silva WHV, Andrade-Santos JL, Guedes MCDS, Crovella S, Guimarães RL. CCR5 genotype and pre-treatment CD4+ T-cell count influence immunological recovery of HIV-positive patients during antiretroviral therapy. Gene 2020; 741:144568. [PMID: 32165289 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to assess the association of CCR5Δ32 and SDF1-3'A polymorphisms with immunological recovery failure and to investigate the influence of sociodemographic and clinical data on immune reconstitution in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients during antiretroviral therapy (ART). Two hundred and forty-eight HIV-positive patients under ART with undetectable plasma viral load (<40 copies/mL) were enrolled in this study and classified into two groups according to their CD4+ T-cell count changes: immunological responders (CD4+ T-cell count gain ≥ 200/µL or ≥ 30% compared with baseline) and immunological non-responders (CD4+ T-cell count gain < 200/µL or < 30% compared with baseline). DNA extraction was performed followed by CCR5Δ32 and SDF1-3'A genotyping. Sociodemographic and clinical data were evaluated from medical records. The logistic regression model showed that heterozygosity for CCR5Δ32 allele and lower pre-treatment CD4+ T-cell count (<500 cells/µL) were statistically associated with immunological recovery failure (OR = 5.873, 95%CI = 1.204-28.633, P = 0.028 and OR = 10.00, 95%CI = 3.224-31.016, P = 0.028, respectively). No association of SDF1-3'A polymorphism with immune reconstitution failure was found. Additionally, we observed that there was a statistically significant difference between lower CD4+ T-cell count and INR status than the IR group (Z = 4.687, P < 0.001). Our results demonstrated, through a logistic regression model, that CCR5Δ32 polymorphism and pre-treatment CD4+ T-cell count have significant influence on immune reconstitution of HIV-positive patients during ART. These findings highlight some immunological factors associated with poor CD4+ T-lymphocytes recovery, which affect immune response level of ART-treated HIV-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Leandro Andrade-Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Maria Carolina Dos Santos Guedes
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Lima Guimarães
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Lopes TRR, Gonçales JP, Silva Júnior JVJ, Lorena VMBD, Toscano ALCC, Akamatsu SM, Salles AC, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Morais VMSD, Coêlho MRCD. Association of IL-6, IL-10 and CXCL10 serum concentrations with visceral Kaposi's sarcoma in people living with HIV/AIDS. Hum Immunol 2019; 81:26-31. [PMID: 31866063 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Human gammaherpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is the etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), one of the most common cancers in people living with HIV/AIDS. It is believe that the course of both HIV and HHV-8 infection is associated with the imbalance of anti- and/or pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we evaluated the IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, CCL2 and CXCL10 serum concentrations in HIV- and HIV/HHV-8 (without KS) individuals, and in patients with cutaneous or visceral AIDS-KS. Serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-10 and CXCL10 were significantly higher in the AIDS-KS group compared to HIV and HIV/HHV-8 individuals. Similarly, the concentrations of theses cytokines were higher in patients with visceral than in those with cutaneous AIDS-KS. The TNF-α concentration was significantly higher in the HIV group compared to HIV/HHV-8 (with and without KS) individuals, and CCL2 levels did not present significant difference among the groups. The HIV viral load was undetectable in all patients from the HIV and HIV/HHV-8 groups. On the other hand, in the AIDS-KS group, most patients had detectable HIV viral load. In this context, we believe that the cytokine levels in AIDS-KS may be result of a complex interaction between HIV, HHV-8 and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaísa Regina Rocha Lopes
- Virology Sector, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Juliana Prado Gonçales
- Virology Sector, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - José Valter Joaquim Silva Júnior
- Virology Sector, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Tania Regina Tozetto-Mendoza
- LIM 52, Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Rosângela Cunha Duarte Coêlho
- Virology Sector, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Ellwanger JH, Kaminski VDL, Chies JA. What we say and what we mean when we say redundancy and robustness of the chemokine system - how CCR5 challenges these concepts. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 98:22-27. [PMID: 31613403 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Classically, robustness and redundancy are features that define the intricate and connected functioning of the chemokine system. Following these ideas, the lack of a particular chemokine or chemokine receptor could be compensated by the presence of other molecules with similar functions, ensuring robustness to the systems. Although these concepts are generally accepted, they represent an oversimplification of a highly complex system that works in a context-dependent manner. Based on different studies, and taking as an example the chemokine receptor CCR5 (C-C chemokine receptor type 5) and the genetic variant CCR5Δ32, which on several occasions challenge the classical concepts of redundancy and robustness of the chemokine system, we will discuss and question this general and oversimplified point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel H Ellwanger
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Valéria de L Kaminski
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Ab Chies
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Elevated serum CXCL10 in patients with Clostridium difficile infection are associated with disease severity. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:92-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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D'Souza RR, Gopalan BP, Rajnala N, Phetsouphanh C, Shet A. Increased monocyte activation with age among HIV-infected long term non-progressor children: implications for early treatment initiation. HIV Med 2019; 20:513-522. [PMID: 31131542 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The key to newer therapeutic and eradication approaches often lies in understanding slow disease progression in HIV infection. The paediatric population has been poorly studied in this regard. We aimed to describe a cohort of perinatally infected long-term nonprogressor (LTNP) children living with HIV in India and to evaluate the immune biomarkers of disease progression. METHODS LTNPs (ART-naïve, with a CD4 count ≥ 500 cells/μL at age ≥ 7 years) among the cohort of HIV-infected children were identified and monitored longitudinally, and their CD4 T-cell counts and plasma viral loads were measured every 6 months. The plasma monocyte/macrophage activation markers, namely soluble CD14 (sCD14), soluble CD163 (sCD163) and interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in LTNPs and progressors. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare the two groups and P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Spearman's rank or Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was calculated to determine the associations between variables. RESULTS Among 378 children living with HIV-1 surveyed in our cohort, 40 (10.6%) were LTNPs. Longitudinal analysis of the LTNP data showed that both CD4 count and viral load declined significantly with age (P < 0.0001 for both). Plasma sCD14 levels were significantly (P < 0.005) higher in progressors and sCD163 levels were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher in LTNPs. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of LTNPs in our cohort of perinatally infected children living with HIV was 10.6%. We observed a trend for associations between the increasing sCD163 monocyte/macrophage activation marker levels, declining CD4 counts and the gradual loss of nonprogressor status with age in the LTNPs. These findings underscore the need for early antiretroviral therapy in those children with proven slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R D'Souza
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Division of Infectious Diseases, St John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - B P Gopalan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India.,The University of Trans-disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - N Rajnala
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - C Phetsouphanh
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Shet
- International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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29
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IP-10 is highly involved in HIV infection. Cytokine 2018; 115:97-103. [PMID: 30472104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced protein 10 (IP-10 or CXCL-10) is a chemokine involved in trafficking immune cells to inflammatory sites. Numerous studies have reported abnormally high plasma IP-10 levels in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and IP-10 is considered an important pro-inflammatory factor in the HIV disease process. The data regarding the roles of IP-10 in HIV infection required collation; this review summarizes the biological characteristics of IP-10, the positive association between plasma IP-10 levels and HIV disease progression, the effect of IP-10 on human immune cells, and potential related mechanisms. This review provides important insights into the role of IP-10 in HIV monitoring and treatment.
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Fortuna D, Hooper DC, Roberts AL, Harshyne LA, Nagurney M, Curtis MT. Potential role of CSF cytokine profiles in discriminating infectious from non-infectious CNS disorders. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205501. [PMID: 30379898 PMCID: PMC6209186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current laboratory testing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) does not consistently discriminate between different central nervous system (CNS) disease states. Rapidly distinguishing CNS infections from other brain and spinal cord disorders that share a similar clinical presentation is critical. New approaches focusing on aspects of disease biology, such as immune response profiles that can have stimulus-specific attributes, may be helpful. We undertook this preliminary proof-of-concept study using multiplex ELISA to measure CSF cytokine levels in various CNS disorders (infections, autoimmune/demyelinating diseases, lymphomas, and gliomas) to determine the potential utility of cytokine patterns in differentiating CNS infections from other CNS diseases. Both agglomerative hierarchical clustering and mixture discriminant analyses revealed grouping of CNS disease types based on cytokine expression. To further investigate the ability of CSF cytokine levels to distinguish various CNS disease states, non-parametric statistical analysis was performed. Mann-Whitney test analysis demonstrated that CNS infections are characterized by significantly higher CSF lP-10/CXCL10 levels than the pooled non-infectious CNS disorders (p = 0.0001). Within the infection group, elevated levels of MDC/CCL22 distinguished non-viral from viral infections (p = 0.0048). Each disease group of the non-infectious CNS disorders independently showed IP-10/CXCL10 levels that are significantly lower than the infection group [(autoimmune /demyelinating disorders (p = 0.0005), lymphomas (p = 0.0487), gliomas (p = 0.0294), and controls (p = 0.0001)]. Additionally, of the non-infectious diseases, gliomas can be distinguished from lymphomas by higher levels of GRO/CXCL1 (p = 0.0476), IL-7 (p = 0.0119), and IL-8 (p = 0.0460). Gliomas can also be distinguished from autoimmune/demyelinating disorders by higher levels of GRO/CXCL1 (p = 0.0044), IL-7 (p = 0.0035) and IL-8 (p = 0.0176). Elevated CSF levels of PDGF-AA distinguish lymphomas from autoimmune/demyelinating cases (p = 0.0130). Interrogation of the above comparisons using receiver operator characteristic analysis demonstrated area under the curve (AUC) values (ranging from 0.8636–1.0) that signify good to excellent utility as potential diagnostic discriminators. In conclusion, our work indicates that upon formal validation, measurement of CSF cytokine levels may have clinical utility in both identifying a CNS disorder as infectious in etiology and, furthermore, in distinguishing viral from non-viral CNS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Fortuna
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - D. Craig Hooper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amity L. Roberts
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Larry A. Harshyne
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michelle Nagurney
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark T. Curtis
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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