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Zhan XL, Pan N, Karatela S, Shi L, Wang X, Liu ZY, Jing J, Li XH, Cai L, Lin LZ. Infant feeding practices and autism spectrum disorder in US children aged 2-5 years: the national survey of children's health (NSCH) 2016-2020. Int Breastfeed J 2023; 18:41. [PMID: 37568201 PMCID: PMC10422796 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-023-00580-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between infant feeding practices and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children aged 2-5 years in the United States (US). METHODS Data from the 2016-2020 National Survey of Children's Health, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey, were utilized for this study. Questionnaires were administered to parents of children aged 2-5 years to gather information on ASD diagnosis, infant feeding practices, and demographic factors (e.g., child sex, ethnic group, and maternal age at birth). Logistic regression with sample weights was employed to assess the association between infant feeding practices and ASD, while controlling for demographic variables. Polynomial regression models were used to examine trends in exclusive breastfeeding and ever breastfeeding rates among children with and without ASD. RESULTS A total of 35,050 children aged 2-5 years were analyzed, including 616 diagnosed with ASD, after excluding participants with missing information on breastfeeding and ASD diagnosis. Of these children with ASD, 76.6% (n = 472) had a breastfeeding history, with 67.5% (n = 416) engaged in partial breastfeeding and 9.1% (n = 56) exclusively breastfed. Adjusted odds ratios for each additional month of breastfeeding compared to never being breastfed were 0.98 (95% CI, 0.96-1.01). The adjusted odds ratios for breastfeeding durations of > 0-6 months, > 6-12 months, > 12-24 months, and > 24 months were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.50-1.31), 0.65 (95% CI, 0.36-1.18), 0.81 (95% CI, 0.44-1.49), and 0.48 (95% CI, 0.23-1.01), respectively. Compared to children who were never breastfed, the adjusted odds ratio for children who were ever breastfed was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.47-1.18). Among children with ASD, the proportion of ever breastfeeding declined from 82.0% in 2017 to 64.3% in 2020, while exclusive breastfeeding decreased from 12.0% in 2016 to 4.2% in 2020. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Although no significant association was found between infant feeding practices and ASD among US children aged 2-5 years, the rates of breastfeeding, particularly exclusive breastfeeding, were suboptimal among children with ASD. This highlights the need for specific policies and practices to promote and support breastfeeding among parents of children with ASD or those at high risk of having a child with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Zhan
- Research Center of Children and Adolescent Psychological and Behavioral Development, Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Pan
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shamshad Karatela
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Lei Shi
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Yan Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Jing
- Research Center of Children and Adolescent Psychological and Behavioral Development, Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Hong Li
- Research Center of Children and Adolescent Psychological and Behavioral Development, Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cai
- Research Center of Children and Adolescent Psychological and Behavioral Development, Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Zi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
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Rodrigues EL, Figueiredo PS, Marcelino G, de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães R, Pott A, Santana LF, Hiane PA, do Nascimento VA, Bogo D, de Cássia Freitas K. Maternal Intake of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Autism Spectrum Etiology and Its Relation to the Gut Microbiota: What Do We Know? Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071551. [PMID: 37049390 PMCID: PMC10097097 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal food habits and gut microbiota composition have potential effects on fetal neurodevelopment, impacting Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Our research aims to outline the relationship that ingestion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and the composition of maternal gut microbiota have with the possible development of ASD in offspring. We suggest that genetic factors could be related to the different conversions between unsaturated fatty acids according to sex and, mainly, the impact of the pregnancy diet on the higher or lower risk of neurological impairments. The proportion of the phyla Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes is high with an increased consumption of linoleic acid (LA, n-6 PUFA), which is associated with maternal intestinal dysbiosis and consequently starts the inflammatory process, harming myelinization. In contrast, the consumption of α-linolenic acid (ALA, n-3 PUFA) tends to re-establish the balance of the maternal microbiota with anti-inflammatory action. Moreover, human observational studies showed a strong correlation between the consumption of n-3 PUFA, mainly above 340 g of fish per week, with beneficial effects on infant neurodevelopment. Therefore, we suggest that the proper intake of foods rich in n-3 PUFAs and their supplementation during pregnancy until lactation has an impact on reducing the development of ASD. Controlled studies with n-3 PUFA supplementation are still necessary to verify the ideal dose and the best form of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisana Lima Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Priscila Silva Figueiredo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Marcelino
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Arnildo Pott
- Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Lidiani Figueiredo Santana
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Valter Aragão do Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Danielle Bogo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
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Urbonaite G, Knyzeliene A, Bunn FS, Smalskys A, Neniskyte U. The impact of maternal high-fat diet on offspring neurodevelopment. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:909762. [PMID: 35937892 PMCID: PMC9354026 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.909762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A maternal high-fat diet affects offspring neurodevelopment with long-term consequences on their brain health and behavior. During the past three decades, obesity has rapidly increased in the whole human population worldwide, including women of reproductive age. It is known that maternal obesity caused by a high-fat diet may lead to neurodevelopmental disorders in their offspring, such as autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. A maternal high-fat diet can affect offspring neurodevelopment due to inflammatory activation of the maternal gut, adipose tissue, and placenta, mirrored by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in both maternal and fetal circulation. Furthermore, a maternal high fat diet causes gut microbial dysbiosis further contributing to increased inflammatory milieu during pregnancy and lactation, thus disturbing both prenatal and postnatal neurodevelopment of the offspring. In addition, global molecular and cellular changes in the offspring's brain may occur due to epigenetic modifications including the downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and the activation of the endocannabinoid system. These neurodevelopmental aberrations are reflected in behavioral deficits observed in animals, corresponding to behavioral phenotypes of certain neurodevelopmental disorders in humans. Here we reviewed recent findings from rodent models and from human studies to reveal potential mechanisms by which a maternal high-fat diet interferes with the neurodevelopment of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintare Urbonaite
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agne Knyzeliene
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Fanny Sophia Bunn
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Adomas Smalskys
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Urte Neniskyte
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- VU LSC-EMBL Partnership for Genome Editing Technologies, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Amaro A, Baptista FI, Matafome P. Programming of future generations during breastfeeding: The intricate relation between metabolic and neurodevelopment disorders. Life Sci 2022; 298:120526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Huang S, Wang X, Sun T, Yu H, Liao Y, Cao M, Cai L, Li X, Lin L, Su X, Jing J. Association of Breastfeeding for the First Six Months of Life and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A National Multi-Center Study in China. Nutrients 2021; 14:45. [PMID: 35010918 PMCID: PMC8746572 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that exclusive breastfeeding is associated with lower odds of having autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children, but data are lacking in Asian countries, especially China. This cross-sectional study of seven cities in China collected data from August 2016 to March 2017 from 6049 toddlers aged 16-30 months and their parents who responded to questionnaires. The breastfeeding status was collected via questionnaires based on recommendations from the World Health Organization. The standard procedure for screening and diagnosis was applied to identify toddlers with ASD. Among the 6049 toddlers (3364 boys [55.6%]; mean [SD] age, 22.7 [4.1] months), 71 toddlers (1.2%) were identified as ASD. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding, partial breastfeeding, and not breastfeeding was 48.8%, 42.2%, and 9.1%, respectively. Compared to toddlers with exclusive breastfeeding, toddlers with partial breastfeeding or without breastfeeding had higher odds of having ASD (odd ratios [OR]: 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90-2.74; OR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.10-4.82). We did not find significant modification of demographic characteristics on the associations. The results remained robust in multiple sensitivity analyses. Toddlers without breastfeeding for the first six months of life had higher odds of having ASD, and our findings shed light on the necessity of strengthening public health efforts to increase exclusive breastfeeding in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saijun Huang
- Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China; (S.H.); (T.S.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.)
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (M.C.); (L.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China; (S.H.); (T.S.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.)
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China; (S.H.); (T.S.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.)
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yanwei Liao
- Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China; (S.H.); (T.S.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.)
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Muqing Cao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (M.C.); (L.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (M.C.); (L.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiuhong Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (M.C.); (L.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Lizi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Xi Su
- Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China; (S.H.); (T.S.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.)
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (M.C.); (L.C.); (X.L.)
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Tarnacka B, Jopowicz A, Maślińska M. Copper, Iron, and Manganese Toxicity in Neuropsychiatric Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157820. [PMID: 34360586 PMCID: PMC8346158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper, manganese, and iron are vital elements required for the appropriate development and the general preservation of good health. Additionally, these essential metals play key roles in ensuring proper brain development and function. They also play vital roles in the central nervous system as significant cofactors for several enzymes, including the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other enzymes that take part in the creation and breakdown of neurotransmitters in the brain. An imbalance in the levels of these metals weakens the structural, regulatory, and catalytic roles of different enzymes, proteins, receptors, and transporters and is known to provoke the development of various neurological conditions through different mechanisms, such as via induction of oxidative stress, increased α-synuclein aggregation and fibril formation, and stimulation of microglial cells, thus resulting in inflammation and reduced production of metalloproteins. In the present review, the authors focus on neurological disorders with psychiatric signs associated with copper, iron, and manganese excess and the diagnosis and potential treatment of such disorders. In our review, we described diseases related to these metals, such as aceruloplasminaemia, neuroferritinopathy, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) and other very rare classical NBIA forms, manganism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ephedrone encephalopathy, HMNDYT1-SLC30A10 deficiency (HMNDYT1), HMNDYT2-SLC39A14 deficiency, CDG2N-SLC39A8 deficiency, hepatic encephalopathy, prion disease and “prion-like disease”, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, Friedreich’s ataxia, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Tarnacka
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-603944804
| | - Anna Jopowicz
- Department of Rehabilitation, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Maria Maślińska
- Department of Early Arthritis, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
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Borge TC, Biele G, Papadopoulou E, Andersen LF, Jacka F, Eggesbø M, Caspersen IH, Aase H, Meltzer HM, Brantsæter AL. The associations between maternal and child diet quality and child ADHD - findings from a large Norwegian pregnancy cohort study. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:139. [PMID: 33685413 PMCID: PMC7941947 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. Effective long-term treatment options are limited, which warrants increased focus on potential modifiable risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between maternal diet quality during pregnancy and child diet quality and child ADHD symptoms and ADHD diagnosis. METHODS This study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). We assessed maternal diet quality with the Prenatal Diet Quality Index (PDQI) and Ultra-Processed Food Index (UPFI) around mid-gestation, and child diet quality using the Diet Quality Index (CDQI) at 3 years. ADHD symptoms were assessed at child age 8 years using the Parent Rating Scale for Disruptive Behaviour Disorders. ADHD diagnoses were retrieved from the Norwegian Patient Registry. RESULTS In total, 77,768 mother-child pairs were eligible for studying ADHD diagnoses and 37,787 for ADHD symptoms. Means (SD) for the PDQI, UPFI and CDQI were 83.1 (9.3), 31.8 (9.7) and 60.3 (10.6), respectively. Mean (SD) ADHD symptom score was 8.4 (7.1) and ADHD diagnosis prevalence was 2.9% (male to female ratio 2.6:1). For one SD increase in maternal diet index scores, we saw a change in mean (percent) ADHD symptom score of - 0.28 (- 3.3%) (CI: - 0.41, - 0.14 (- 4.8, - 1.6%)) for PDQI scores and 0.25 (+ 3.0%) (CI: 0.13, 0.38 (1.5, 4.5%)) for UPFI scores. A one SD increase in PDQI score was associated with a relative risk of ADHD diagnosis of 0.87 (CI: 0.79, 0.97). We found no reliable associations with either outcomes for the CDQI, and no reliable change in risk of ADHD diagnosis for the UPFI. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that overall maternal diet quality during pregnancy is associated with a small decrease in ADHD symptom score at 8 years and lower risk for ADHD diagnosis, with more robust findings for the latter outcome. Consumption of ultra-processed foods was only associated with increased ADHD symptom score of similar magnitude as for overall maternal diet quality, and we found no associations between child diet quality and either outcome. No causal inferences should be made based on these results, due to potential unmeasured confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiril Cecilie Borge
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Guido Biele
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eleni Papadopoulou
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Frost Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Felice Jacka
- Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Merete Eggesbø
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Henriette Caspersen
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Aase
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Margrete Meltzer
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Department of Environmental Health, Section of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
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Cattane N, Räikkönen K, Anniverno R, Mencacci C, Riva MA, Pariante CM, Cattaneo A. Depression, obesity and their comorbidity during pregnancy: effects on the offspring's mental and physical health. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:462-481. [PMID: 32632208 PMCID: PMC7850968 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Depression and obesity represent two of the most common complications during pregnancy and are associated with severe health risks for both the mother and the child. Although several studies have analysed the individual effects of depression or obesity on the mothers and their children, the effects associated with the co-occurrence of both disorders have so far been poorly investigated. The relationship between depression and obesity is very complex and it is still unclear whether maternal depression leads to obesity or vice versa. It is well known that the intrauterine environment plays an important role in mediating the effects of both depression and obesity in the mother on the fetal programming, increasing the child's risk to develop negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Cattane
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roberta Anniverno
- Department of Neuroscience, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Mencacci
- Department of Neuroscience, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco A Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
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Saroukhani S, Samms-Vaughan M, Lee M, Bach MA, Bressler J, Hessabi M, Grove ML, Shakespeare-Pellington S, Loveland KA, Rahbar MH. Perinatal Factors Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Jamaican Children. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 50:3341-3357. [PMID: 31538260 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mode of delivery, preterm birth, and low birth weight (LBW) are hypothesized to be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the offspring. Using data from 343 ASD cases (2-8 years) and their age- and sex-matched typically developing controls in Jamaica we investigated these hypotheses. Our statistical analyses revealed that the parish of residence could modify the association between cesarean delivery and ASD, with a difference found in this relationship in Kingston parish [matched odds ratio (MOR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) 2.30 (1.17-4.53)] and other parishes [MOR (95% CI) 0.87 (0.48-1.59)]. Although the associations of LBW and preterm birth with ASD were not significant, we observed a significant interaction between LBW and the household socioeconomic status. These findings require replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Saroukhani
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Core, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Maureen Samms-Vaughan
- Department of Child & Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - MinJae Lee
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Core, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6410 Fannin Street, UT Professional Building Suite 1100.05, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - MacKinsey A Bach
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Core, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jan Bressler
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Manouchehr Hessabi
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Core, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Megan L Grove
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Katherine A Loveland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Mohammad H Rahbar
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Core, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6410 Fannin Street, UT Professional Building Suite 1100.05, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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10
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Robberecht H, Verlaet AAJ, Breynaert A, De Bruyne T, Hermans N. Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Copper and Selenium Status in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194440. [PMID: 32992575 PMCID: PMC7583976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we critically review the literature concerning the relation of Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Se and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Elemental status is estimated using peripheral blood parameters, hair, urine, daily intake and response to supplementation. The observed associations between concentration levels of the elements Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Se and ADHD symptoms are contradictory. This is partly due to the heterogeneity and complexity of the disorder. As a trend, lower ferritin and zinc levels can be observed. However, this correlation is not causative, as illustrated by placebo-controlled trials reporting conflicting evidence on the efficacy of supplementation. Well-defined studies on changes in concentration levels of the elements in relation to ADHD symptoms before and after treatment with therapeutics it will be possible to shed more light on the significance of these elements in this behavioral disorder. The discussion on whether a change in concentration of an element is cause or consequence of ADHD is not within the scope of this article.
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11
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Margari L, Marzulli L, Gabellone A, de Giambattista C. Eating and Mealtime Behaviors in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Current Perspectives. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:2083-2102. [PMID: 32982247 PMCID: PMC7504729 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s224779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social and communication skills and repetitive and restrictive behaviors. Children and adolescents with ASD are more likely to present feeding problems than their typically developing peers are. The present narrative review of literature aims to highlight the most recent evidence about epidemiology and presentations of eating and mealtime behavioral abnormalities in ASD from infancy to adolescence. Abnormalities in breastfeeding and acceptance of complementary foods have been described by most of the studies evaluating ASD early feeding history. Among the various eating and mealtime behaviors identified in ASD children and adolescents, the most common was food selectivity. The present review also provides brief overviews of the various aspects of food that may influence food acceptance by ASD patients and of the correlation between eating problems and ASD core symptoms, as well as with cognitive level, language skills, and family environment. However, studies evaluating eating problems in ASD children and adolescents are very heterogeneous and they show methodological differences. Moreover, the absence of unique definitions of eating and mealtime behaviors in ASD further limits the comparability of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Margari
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Marzulli
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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12
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13
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Ghozy S, Tran L, Naveed S, Quynh TTH, Helmy Zayan A, Waqas A, Sayed AKH, Karimzadeh S, Hirayama K, Huy NT. Association of breastfeeding status with risk of autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review, dose-response analysis and meta-analysis. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 48:101916. [PMID: 31923810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence indicates that nutritional status in newborns, especially the duration of breastfeeding, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder. We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze relevant studies with findings of an association between autism spectrum disorder and breastfeeding patterns, and undertook an extensive dose-response analysis to interpret the results more accurately. Ten electronic databases and manual search of reference lists were used to identify relevant studies in September 2018. Dose-response and conventional meta-analysis were conducted by the random-effects model. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO with CRD42016043128. Seven case-control studies were found in which the association between ever breastfeeding and risk of autism spectrum disorder was investigated. We found a 58 % decrease in the risk of autism spectrum disorder with ever breastfeeding and a 76 % decrease in the risk with exclusive breastfeeding. According to our dose-response meta-analysis, breastfeeding for 6 months was associated with a 54 % reduction in the risk. In the conventional meta-analysis, breastfeeding for 12-24 months was associated with the most significant reduction in the risk of autism spectrum disorder. Our results highlight the importance of breastfeeding to decrease the risk of autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherief Ghozy
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Linh Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
| | - Sadiq Naveed
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan; Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas 66160, USA.
| | - Tran Thuy Huong Quynh
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan; School of Medicine, Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Viet Nam.
| | - Ahmad Helmy Zayan
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan; CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Lahore Cantt, 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmed Kamal Hamed Sayed
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Sedighe Karimzadeh
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan; School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Leading Graduate School Program, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Evidence Based Medicine Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Viet Nam.
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14
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Krol KM, Grossmann T. Psychological effects of breastfeeding on children and mothers. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2019; 61:977-985. [PMID: 29934681 PMCID: PMC6096620 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-018-2769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
While the nutritional and physical health benefits of breastfeeding are well established, accumulating research demonstrates the far-reaching psychological effects of breastfeeding on children and their mothers. Here, we provide a non-exhaustive review of the empirical evidence, showing that breastfeeding impacts children's brain, cognitive, and socio-emotional development. In mothers, research is presented indicating that breastfeeding influences mood, affect, stress, and maternal care. The current review aims to provide a broad overview of existing findings on the psychological effects of breastfeeding, highlighting the important role that breastfeeding plays across several dimensions of psychological functioning. We also discuss the potential mechanisms that may underpin the observed effects, provide a constructive commentary on the limitations of the existing work, and put forth some considerations when evaluating this line of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Krol
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, 485 McCormick Road, 22903, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tobias Grossmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, 485 McCormick Road, 22903, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
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15
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Maternal breastfeeding and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: a meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:19-30. [PMID: 29907910 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested environmental factors may contribute to the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current meta-analysis examined (1) the difference in the duration of maternal breastfeeding between children with and without ADHD, and (2) the association between maternal breastfeeding and ADHD in children. The data of individual studies were synthesized with a random-effects model. Eleven articles were included in this meta-analysis. Children with ADHD had significantly less breastfeeding duration than controls (Hedges' g = - 0.36, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = - 0.61 to - 0.11, p = 0.005; difference in means: - 2.44 months, 95% CIs = - 3.17 to - 1.71, p < 0.001). In addition, the rates of non-exclusive breastfeeding in children with ADHD is significantly higher in "under 3 months" (odds ratio (OR) = 1.90, 95% CIs = 1.45 to 2.48, p < 0.001) but lower in "6 to 12 months" (OR = 0.69, 95% CIs = 0.49 to 0.98, p = 0.039) and "over 12 months" (OR = 0.58, 95% CIs = 0.35 to 0.97, p = 0.038) than controls. Children with ADHD received significantly higher rate of exclusive breastfeeding duration "under 3 months" (OR = 1.51, 95% CIs = 1.20 to 1.89, p < 0.001) but lower in "over 3 months" (OR = 0.52, 95% CIs = 0.29 to 0.95, p = 0.033) than controls. Furthermore, an association was found between non-breastfeeding and ADHD children (adjusted OR = 3.71, 95% CI = 1.94 to 7.11, p < 0.001). Our results suggest maternal breastfeeding is associated with a lower risk of ADHD in children. Future longitudinal research is required to confirm/refute these findings and to explore possible mechanisms underlying this association.
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16
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Zeng Y, Tang Y, Tang J, Shi J, Zhang L, Zhu T, Xiao D, Qu Y, Mu D. Association between the different duration of breastfeeding and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:811-823. [PMID: 30577717 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1560905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To summarize the current evidence on the association between maternal breastfeeding and the occurrence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. Methods: We searched for studies published in English before May 2018 using the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. We included cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies, that focused on the association between maternal breastfeeding and the occurrence of ADHD in offspring. Random effects models were used for combined analyses. Results: Two cohort studies, 7 case-control studies and 3 cross-sectional studies, with 3,686 cases and 106,907 participants, were included. Children with any maternal breastfeeding had a lower incidence of ADHD than children who were never breastfed (odds ratio [OR]: 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.52-0.93). Further analyses also showed associations between reduced ADHD incidence and duration of breastfeeding. Children breastfed for over 1 month, over 3 months, over 6 months, and over 12 months had a lower incidence of ADHD than children breastfed for less than 1 month (OR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.11-0.38), less than 3 months (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.23-0.47), less than 6 months (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.41-0.61), and less than 12 months (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.37-0.81), respectively. These results were stable in the 1-month, 3-month, and 6-month breastfeeding groups. Conclusion: With our meta-analysis, we provide evidence that maternal breastfeeding may reduce the risk of ADHD in children. The causality of this relationship and underlying mechanisms need to be explored in future prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongqiong Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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17
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Infante M, Sears B, Rizzo AM, Mariani Cerati D, Caprio M, Ricordi C, Fabbri A. Omega-3 PUFAs and vitamin D co-supplementation as a safe-effective therapeutic approach for core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder: case report and literature review. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:779-790. [PMID: 30545280 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1557385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by abnormal development of cognitive, social, and communicative skills. Although ASD aetiology and pathophysiology are still unclear, various nutritional factors have been investigated as potential risk factors for ASD development, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamin D deficiency. In fact, both omega-3 PUFAs and vitamin D are important for brain development and function. Case report: Herein, we report the case of a 23-year-old young adult male with autism who was referred to our Unit due to a 12-month history of cyclic episodes of restlessness, agitation, irritability, oppositional and self-injurious behaviours. Laboratory tests documented a markedly altered omega-6/omega-3 balance, along with a vitamin D deficiency, as assessed by serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Omega-3 and vitamin D co-supplementation was therefore started, with remarkable improvements in ASD symptoms throughout a 24-month follow-up period. A brief review of the literature for interventional studies evaluating the efficacy of omega-3 or vitamin D supplementation for the treatment of ASD-related symptoms is also provided. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first case reporting remarkable beneficial effects on ASD symptoms deriving from omega-3 and vitamin D combination therapy. This case report suggests omega-3 and vitamin D co-supplementation as a potential safe-effective therapeutic strategy to treat core symptoms of ASD. However, larger studies are needed to evaluate the real efficacy of such therapeutic approach in a broader sample of ASD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Infante
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Systems Medicine, CTO Andrea Alesini Hospital, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Barry Sears
- Inflammation Research Foundation, Peabody, MA, USA
| | - Angela Maria Rizzo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Applied Nutrition, Milan University, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Mariani Cerati
- ANGSA (Associazione Nazionale Genitori Soggetti Autistici), Scientific Committee, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute and Cell Transplant Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Diabetes Research Institute Federation, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Fabbri
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Systems Medicine, CTO Andrea Alesini Hospital, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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18
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Oxidative Stress, Maternal Diabetes, and Autism Spectrum Disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3717215. [PMID: 30524654 PMCID: PMC6247386 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3717215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of early-onset neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by alterations in brain connectivity with cascading effects on neuropsychological functions. To date, in the framework of an increasing interest about environmental conditions which could interact with genetic factors in ASD pathogenesis, many authors have stressed that changes in the intrauterine environment at different stages of pregnancy, such as those linked to maternal metabolic pathologies, may lead to long-term conditions in the newborn. In particular, a growing number of epidemiological studies have highlighted the role of obesity and maternal diabetes as a risk factor for developing both somatic and psychiatric disorders in humans, including ASD. While literature still fails in identifying specific etiopathological mechanisms, a growing body of evidence is available about the presence of a relationship between maternal immune dysregulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and the development of ASD in the offspring. In this framework, results from high-fat diet animal models about the role played by oxidative stress in shaping offspring neurodevelopment may help in clarifying the pathways through which maternal metabolic conditions are linked with ASD. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of literature about the effects of early life insults linked to oxidative stress which may be involved in ASD etiopathogenesis and how this relationship can be explained in biological terms.
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19
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Field SS. Factors Affecting Vaccination in Children and Their Siblings After Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis. JAMA Pediatr 2018; 172:984-985. [PMID: 30083750 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott S Field
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Huntsville Campus, Huntsville
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20
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Márquez-Valadez B, Valle-Bautista R, García-López G, Díaz NF, Molina-Hernández A. Maternal Diabetes and Fetal Programming Toward Neurological Diseases: Beyond Neural Tube Defects. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:664. [PMID: 30483218 PMCID: PMC6243582 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to search for experimental or clinical evidence on the effect of hyperglycemia in fetal programming to neurological diseases, excluding evident neural tube defects. The lack of timely diagnosis and the inadequate control of diabetes during pregnancy have been related with postnatal obesity, low intellectual and verbal coefficients, language and motor deficits, attention deficit with hyperactivity, problems in psychosocial development, and an increased predisposition to autism and schizophrenia. It has been proposed that several childhood or adulthood diseases have their origin during fetal development through a phenomenon called fetal programming. However, not all the relationships between the outcomes mentioned above and diabetes during gestation are clear, well-studied, or have been related to fetal programming. To understand this relationship, it is imperative to understand how developmental processes take place in health, in order to understand how the functional cytoarchitecture of the central nervous system takes place; to identify changes prompted by hyperglycemia, and to correlate them with the above postnatal impaired functions. Although changes in the establishment of patterns during central nervous system fetal development are related to a wide variety of neurological pathologies, the mechanism by which several maternal conditions promote fetal alterations that contribute to impaired neural development with postnatal consequences are not clear. Animal models have been extremely useful in studying the effect of maternal pathologies on embryo and fetal development, since obtaining central nervous system tissue in humans with normal appearance during fetal development is an important limitation. This review explores the state of the art on this topic, to help establish the way forward in the study of fetal programming under hyperglycemia and its impact on neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Márquez-Valadez
- Department of Physiology and Cell Development, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rocío Valle-Bautista
- Department of Physiology and Cell Development, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe García-López
- Department of Physiology and Cell Development, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Néstor Fabián Díaz
- Department of Physiology and Cell Development, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anayansi Molina-Hernández
- Department of Physiology and Cell Development, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Anayansi Molina-Hernández
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21
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Wan H, Zhang C, Li H, Luan S, Liu C. Association of maternal diabetes with autism spectrum disorders in offspring: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9438. [PMID: 29480832 PMCID: PMC5943853 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the association of maternal diabetes with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in offspring provide inconsistent findings; therefore an updated and comprehensive literature review and meta-analysis is necessary to perform in order to evaluate the available evidences.After searching databases systematically, we established the inclusion criteria and selected the eligible studies. In both overall and stratified analyses, the estimated effects were synthesized dependent on the presence or absence of heterogeneity.Twelve articles involving 16 studies were included and synthesized, demonstrating a significant association of maternal diabetes with ASDs among children (relative risk [RR] = 1.48). However, high heterogeneity was observed (I = 56.3%) and publication bias was identified. In terms of the analyses on reliable evidences from case-control studies, heterogeneity and publication bias disappeared, and the risk of ASDs was increased by 62% among diabetic mothers compared with non-diabetic mothers.Maternal diabetes, especially gestational diabetes mellitus, is associated with ASDs in offspring based on a limited number of convincing case-control studies. More large-scale population-based prospective studies are still needed to draw firm conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunguo Zhang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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22
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Thompson JR, Gustafsson HC, DeCapo M, Takahashi DL, Bagley JL, Dean TA, Kievit P, Fair DA, Sullivan EL. Maternal Diet, Metabolic State, and Inflammatory Response Exert Unique and Long-Lasting Influences on Offspring Behavior in Non-Human Primates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:161. [PMID: 29740395 PMCID: PMC5924963 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional status influences brain health and gestational exposure to metabolic disorders (e.g. obesity and diabetes) increases the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the role of maternal Western-style diet (WSD), metabolic state, and inflammatory factors in the programming of Japanese macaque offspring behavior. Utilizing structural equation modeling, we investigated the relationships between maternal diet, prepregnancy adiposity, third trimester insulin response, and plasma cytokine levels on 11-month-old offspring behavior. Maternal WSD was associated with greater reactive and ritualized anxiety in offspring. Maternal adiposity and third trimester macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) exerted opposing effects on offspring high-energy outbursts. Elevated levels of this behavior were associated with low maternal MDC and increased prepregnancy adiposity. This is the first study to show that maternal MDC levels influence offspring behavior. We found no evidence suggesting maternal peripheral inflammatory response mediated the effect of maternal diet and metabolic state on aberrant offspring behavior. Additionally, the extent of maternal metabolic impairment differentially influenced chemokine response. Elevated prepregnancy adiposity suppressed third trimester chemokines, while obesity-induced insulin resistance augmented peripheral chemokine levels. WSD also directly increased maternal interleukin-12. This is the first non-human primate study to delineate the effects of maternal diet and metabolic state on gestational inflammatory environment and subsequent offspring behavior. Our findings give insight to the complex mechanisms by which diet, metabolic state, and inflammation during pregnancy exert unique influences on offspring behavioral regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R. Thompson
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Hanna C. Gustafsson
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Madison DeCapo
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Diana L. Takahashi
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Bagley
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Tyler A. Dean
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Paul Kievit
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Damien A. Fair
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Elinor L. Sullivan
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Elinor L. Sullivan,
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Tseng PT, Chen YW, Stubbs B, Carvalho AF, Whiteley P, Tang CH, Yang WC, Chen TY, Li DJ, Chu CS, Yang WC, Liang HY, Wu CK, Yen CF, Lin PY. Maternal breastfeeding and autism spectrum disorder in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:354-362. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1388598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Tao Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai’s Home, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Chen
- Department of Neurology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Andre F. Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Prof. Costa Mendes, 1608, 4° andar, 60430-040, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Paul Whiteley
- ESPA Research, 2A Hylton Park Road, Sunderland SR5 3HD, UK
| | - Chia-Hung Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tainan hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Yang
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dian-Jeng Li
- Department of Addiction Science, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Che-Sheng Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, Puli Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Nantou County, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, DA-AN Women and Children Hospital, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Liang
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kuan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai’s Home, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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24
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Edlow AG. Maternal obesity and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in offspring. Prenat Diagn 2016; 37:95-110. [PMID: 27684946 DOI: 10.1002/pd.4932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence from both human epidemiologic and animal studies that prenatal and lactational exposure to maternal obesity and high-fat diet are associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in offspring. These disorders include cognitive impairment, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cerebral palsy, anxiety and depression, schizophrenia, and eating disorders. This review synthesizes human and animal data linking maternal obesity and high-fat diet consumption to abnormal fetal brain development and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric morbidity in offspring. In addition, it highlights key mechanisms by which maternal obesity and maternal diet might impact fetal and offspring neurodevelopment, including neuroinflammation; increased oxidative stress, dysregulated insulin, glucose, and leptin signaling; dysregulated serotonergic and dopaminergic signaling; and perturbations in synaptic plasticity. Finally, the review summarizes available evidence regarding investigational therapeutic approaches to mitigate the harmful effects of maternal obesity on fetal and offspring neurodevelopment. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Edlow
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Ob/Gyn, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott S Field
- From the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Huntsville, AL (e-mail: )
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26
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Stadler DD, Musser ED, Holton KF, Shannon J, Nigg JT. Recalled Initiation and Duration of Maternal Breastfeeding Among Children with and Without ADHD in a Well Characterized Case-Control Sample. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 44:347-55. [PMID: 25749651 PMCID: PMC4562900 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-9987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Early environmental influences are increasingly of interest in understanding ADHD as a neurodevelopmental condition, particularly in light of recognition that gene by environment interplay are likely involved in this condition. Breastfeeding duration predicts cognitive development, as well as development of brain white matter connectivity, in areas similar to those seen in ADHD. Prior studies show an association between breastfeeding and ADHD but without adequate evaluation of ADHD. A case control cohort of 474 children aged 7-13 years was examined, 291 with well characterized ADHD (71.5 % male) and the rest typically developing controls (51.9 % male). Mothers retrospectively reported on breast feeding initiation and duration. Initiation of breastfeeding was not associated with child ADHD, but shorter duration of breastfeeding was associated with child ADHD with a medium effect size (d = 0.40, p < 0.05); this effect held after covarying a broad set of potential confounders, including child oppositional defiant and conduct problems and including maternal and paternal ADHD symptoms. Effects were replicated across both parent and teacher ratings of child ADHD symptoms. Shorter duration of breastfeeding is among several risk factors in early life associated with future ADHD, or else longer duration is protective. The direction of this effect is unknown, however. It may be that some children are more difficult to breastfeed or that breastfeeding provides nutrients or other benefits that reduce future chance of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane D Stadler
- Graduate Programs in Human Nutrition, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA.
| | - Erica D Musser
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Kathleen F Holton
- School of Education, Teaching and Health, American University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Jackilen Shannon
- Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA.
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code DC7P, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA.
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27
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Rivera HM, Christiansen KJ, Sullivan EL. The role of maternal obesity in the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:194. [PMID: 26150767 PMCID: PMC4471351 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that perinatal exposure to maternal obesity, metabolic disease, including diabetes and hypertension, and unhealthy maternal diet has a long-term impact on offspring behavior and physiology. During the past three decades, the prevalence of both obesity and neuropsychiatric disorders has rapidly increased. Epidemiologic studies provide evidence that maternal obesity and metabolic complications increase the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, eating disorders (food addiction, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa), and impairments in cognition in offspring. Animal models of maternal high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity also document persistent changes in offspring behavior and impairments in critical neural circuitry. Animals exposed to maternal obesity and HFD consumption display hyperactivity, impairments in social behavior, increased anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors, substance addiction, food addiction, and diminished cognition. During development, these offspring are exposed to elevated levels of nutrients (fatty acids, glucose), hormones (leptin, insulin), and inflammatory factors (C-reactive protein, interleukin, and tumor necrosis factor). Such factors appear to permanently change neuroendocrine regulation and brain development in offspring. In addition, inflammation of the offspring brain during gestation impairs the development of neural pathways critical in the regulation of behavior, such as serotoninergic, dopaminergic, and melanocortinergic systems. Dysregulation of these circuits increases the risk of mental health disorders. Given the high rates of obesity in most developed nations, it is critical that the mechanisms by which maternal obesity programs offspring behavior are thoroughly characterized. Such knowledge will be critical in the development of preventative strategies and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Rivera
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center Beaverton, OR, USA
| | | | - Elinor L Sullivan
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center Beaverton, OR, USA ; Department of Biology, University of Portland Portland, OR, USA
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28
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Brodie MA, Lovell NH, Redmond SJ, Lord SR. Bottom-up subspace clustering suggests a paradigm shift to prevent fall injuries. Med Hypotheses 2015; 84:356-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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