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Bi J, Xing S, Shan G, Zhao Y, Ji Z, Zhu D, Hao H. Electro-intensified simultaneous decontamination of coexisting pollutants in wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166949. [PMID: 37696408 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of wastewater has become increasingly challenging as a result of its growing complexity. To achieve synergistic removal of coexisting pollutants in wastewater, one promising approach involves the integration of electric fields. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to explore the potential of integrating electric fields and developing efficient electro-intensified simultaneous decontamination systems for wastewater containing coexisting pollutants. The review focused on comprehending the applications and mechanisms of these systems, with a particular emphasis on the deliberate utilization of positive and negative charges. After analyzing the advantages, disadvantages, and application efficacy of these systems, we observed electro-intensified systems exhibit flexible potential through their rational combination, allowing for an expanded range of applications in addressing simultaneous decontamination challenges. Unlike the reviews focusing on single elimination, this work aims to provide guidance in addressing the environmental problems resulting from the coexistence of hazardous contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Bi
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Siyang Xing
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Guoqiang Shan
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Zhiyong Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Dongyang Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, TX 77005, United States
| | - Hongxun Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industry Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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2
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He Y, Gong A, Osabutey A, Gao T, Haleem N, Yang X, Liang P. Emerging electro-driven technologies for phosphorus enrichment and recovery from wastewater: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 246:120699. [PMID: 37820510 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of phosphorus from wastewater is a critical step in addressing the scarcity of phosphorus resources. Electro-driven technologies for phosphorus enrichment have gathered significant attention due to their inherent advantages, such as mild operating conditions, absence of secondary pollution, and potential integration with other technologies. This study presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the field of phosphorus enrichment, with a specific focus on capacitive deionization and electrodialysis technologies. It highlights the underlying principles and effectiveness of electro-driven techniques for phosphorus enrichment while systematically comparing energy consumption, enrichment rate, and concentration factor among different technologies. Furthermore, the study provides a thorough analysis of the capacity of various technologies to selectively enrich phosphorus and proposes several methods and strategies to enhance selectivity. These insights offer valuable guidance for advancing the future development of electrochemical techniques with enhanced efficiency and effectiveness in phosphorus enrichment from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Ao Gong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Augustina Osabutey
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Tie Gao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Noor Haleem
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Xufei Yang
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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3
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Constantinescu-Aruxandei D, Oancea F. Closing the Nutrient Loop-The New Approaches to Recovering Biomass Minerals during the Biorefinery Processes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2096. [PMID: 36767462 PMCID: PMC9915181 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of plant mineral nutrients from the bio-based value chains is essential for a sustainable, circular bioeconomy, wherein resources are (re)used sustainably. The widest used approach is to recover plant nutrients on the last stage of biomass utilization processes-e.g., from ash, wastewater, or anaerobic digestate. The best approach is to recover mineral nutrients from the initial stages of biomass biorefinery, especially during biomass pre-treatments. Our paper aims to evaluate the nutrient recovery solutions from a trans-sectorial perspective, including biomass processing and the agricultural use of recovered nutrients. Several solutions integrated with the biomass pre-treatment stage, such as leaching/bioleaching, recovery from pre-treatment neoteric solvents, ionic liquids (ILs), and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) or integrated with hydrothermal treatments are discussed. Reducing mineral contents on silicon, phosphorus, and nitrogen biomass before the core biorefinery processes improves processability and yield and reduces corrosion and fouling effects. The recovered minerals are used as bio-based fertilizers or as silica-based plant biostimulants, with economic and environmental benefits.
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Rybalkina OA, Solonchenko KV, Butylskii DY, Nikonenko VV, Pismenskaya ND. Effect of the Parameters of Pulsed Electric Fields on the Average Current Density in the Electrodialysis Desalination of a Phosphate-Containing Solution. MEMBRANES AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s2517751622060075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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5
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Liu F, Moustafa H, Hassouna MSED, He Z. Effective nutrient recovery from digester centrate assisted by in situ production of acid/base in a novel electrochemical membrane system. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135851. [PMID: 35961444 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient recovery from wastewater is important to the circular economy and requires technological advancements. Herein, a novel electrochemical membrane system (EMS) was developed to recover both phosphorus and nitrogen from real digester centrate. The EMS synergistically coupled electrodialysis with membrane contactor to facilitate the selective recovery of individual nutrient. Under a constant current density of 10 mA cm-2, the EMS recovered more than 95% of PO43--P and 80% of NH4+-N, at energy consumption of 670 ± 48 kWh kg-1 P and 52 ± 2 kWh kg-1 N. It should be noted that the same energy was used to recover two nutrients. When the acid produced from the anodic reaction was directly reused for N absorption, the final concentrations of PO43--P and NH4+-N reached 144 ± 3 and 1232 ± 130 mg L-1, respectively. Adding extra acid did not affect phosphorus recovery but significantly enhance nitrogen recovery to 1797 ± 83 mg L-1. The results of this study have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed EMS and encouraged further investigation to reduce its energy consumption and improve nutrient recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubin Liu
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Hanan Moustafa
- Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | | | - Zhen He
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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6
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Wei CY, Pan SY, Lin YI, Cao TND. Anaerobic swine digestate valorization via energy-efficient electrodialysis for nutrient recovery and water reclamation. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 224:119066. [PMID: 36099763 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of cost-effective and energy-efficient technologies to recover nutrients from digestate is important. Anaerobic digestate can be concentrated into bio-nutrient products through an electrodialysis (ED) process in an energy-efficient manner. Despite recent advances, the operation modes of ED for nutrient recovery from swine digestate are yet to be systematically evaluated from the perspective of energy-water efficiencies, and the determination of optimal operations in ED units is still ambiguous. In this study, two different operating modes of electrodialysis, i.e., constant voltage and constant current, are designed to evaluate the energy efficiency and effectiveness of nutrient recovery from anaerobic swine digestate. The ion removal ratio and current efficiency of the different modes and their associated electromigration performance (e.g., rate constants) are evaluated. The results indicate that the maximum removal efficiency (in terms of electrical conductivity) is 92.8% at a cell voltage of 2.4 V/cell using the constant voltage operation. The current efficiencies of NH4+ (43‒65%) are higher than that of other ions, such as K+ (12‒19%), Cl- (4‒7%), and PO43- (0.1‒1.5%). For nitrogen recovery, the required energy consumption was about 0.24‒15.2 kWh/kg-N (0.86‒54.7 kJ/g-N), corresponding to a removal ratio of ammonium from 70.8% to 99.1%. Based on the experimental data, the optimal operating conditions are identified using response surface models by considering process energy consumption and productivity to deliver energy-efficient nutrient separation. One candidate of the ideal conditions to achieve the total ion removal of ∼93% should be operated at a constant cell voltage of 1.15 V, corresponding to a productivity of 5.24 gal/hr/m2 at an energy consumption of 0.44 kWh/m3. Last, a conceptual design of cascading separation processes is proposed for digestate valorization as biofertilizers, nutrients, organic acids, and reclaimed water. A preliminary benefit-cost evaluation is then performed to evaluate the engineering and economic performance of the developed process for nutrient recovery from swine digestate. This article provides insight into practical large-scale applications of digestate valorization through energy-efficient separation, thereby realizing a circular economy system and a decarbonizing supply chain of bio-nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yu Wei
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Yuan Pan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yu-I Lin
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Thanh Ngoc-Dan Cao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan, ROC
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7
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Mahmoud RH, Wang Z, He Z. Production of algal biomass on electrochemically recovered nutrients from anaerobic digestion centrate. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Liu F, Worland A, Tang Y, Moustafa H, Hassouna MSED, He Z. Microbial electrochemical ammonia recovery from anaerobic digester centrate and subsequent application to fertilize Arabidopsis thaliana. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118667. [PMID: 35667170 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although ammonia recovery from wastewater can be environmentally friendly and energy efficient compared to the conventional Haber-Bosch process, there is a lack of research on the reuse of the recovered ammonia to exhibit a complete picture of resource recovery. In this study, a microbial electrochemical system (MES) was used to recover ammonia from a mixture of anaerobic digester (AD) centrate and food wastewater at a volume ratio of 3:1. More than 60% of ammonia nitrogen was recovered with energy consumption of 2.7 kWh kg-1 N. The catholyte of the MES, which contained the recovered ammonia, was used to prepare fertilizers to support the growth of a model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. It was observed that A. thaliana grown on the MES generated fertilizer amended with extra potassium, phosphorus, and trace elements showed comparable sizes and an even lower death rate (0%) than the control group (24%) that was added with a commercial fertilizer. RNA-Seq analyses were used to examine A. thaliana genetic responses to the MES generated fertilizers or the commercial counterpart. The comparative study offered metabolic insights into A. thaliana physiologies subject to the recovered nitrogen fertilizers. The results of this study have demonstrated the potential application of using the recovered ammonia from AD centrate as a nitrogen source in fertilizer and identified the necessity of supplementing other nutrient elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubin Liu
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Worland
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States of America
| | - Yinjie Tang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States of America
| | - Hanan Moustafa
- Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | | | - Zhen He
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States of America.
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High Diffusion Permeability of Anion-Exchange Membranes for Ammonium Chloride: Experiment and Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105782. [PMID: 35628589 PMCID: PMC9147341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that ammonium has a higher permeability through anion exchange and bipolar membranes compared to K+ cation that has the same mobility in water. However, the mechanism of this high permeability is not clear enough. In this study, we develop a mathematical model based on the Nernst−Planck and Poisson’s equations for the diffusion of ammonium chloride through an anion-exchange membrane; proton-exchange reactions between ammonium, water and ammonia are taken into account. It is assumed that ammonium, chloride and OH− ions can only pass through membrane hydrophilic pores, while ammonia can also dissolve in membrane matrix fragments not containing water and diffuse through these fragments. It is found that due to the Donnan exclusion of H+ ions as coions, the pH in the membrane internal solution increases when approaching the membrane side facing distilled water. Consequently, there is a change in the principal nitrogen-atom carrier in the membrane: in the part close to the side facing the feed NH4Cl solution (pH < 8.8), it is the NH4+ cation, and in the part close to distilled water, NH3 molecules. The concentration of NH4+ reaches almost zero at a point close to the middle of the membrane cross-section, which approximately halves the effective thickness of the diffusion layer for the transport of this ion. When NH3 takes over the nitrogen transport, it only needs to pass through the other half of the membrane. Leaving the membrane, it captures an H+ ion from water, and the released OH− moves towards the membrane side facing the feed solution to meet the NH4+ ions. The comparison of the simulation with experiment shows a satisfactory agreement.
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Recovery of Nutrients from Residual Streams Using Ion-Exchange Membranes: Current State, Bottlenecks, Fundamentals and Innovations. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050497. [PMID: 35629823 PMCID: PMC9145069 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The review describes the place of membrane methods in solving the problem of the recovery and re-use of biogenic elements (nutrients), primarily trivalent nitrogen NIII and pentavalent phosphorus PV, to provide the sustainable development of mankind. Methods for the recovery of NH4+ − NH3 and phosphates from natural sources and waste products of humans and animals, as well as industrial streams, are classified. Particular attention is paid to the possibilities of using membrane processes for the transition to a circular economy in the field of nutrients. The possibilities of different methods, already developed or under development, are evaluated, primarily those that use ion-exchange membranes. Electromembrane methods take a special place including capacitive deionization and electrodialysis applied for recovery, separation, concentration, and reagent-free pH shift of solutions. This review is distinguished by the fact that it summarizes not only the successes, but also the “bottlenecks” of ion-exchange membrane-based processes. Modern views on the mechanisms of NH4+ − NH3 and phosphate transport in ion-exchange membranes in the presence and in the absence of an electric field are discussed. The innovations to enhance the performance of electromembrane separation processes for phosphate and ammonium recovery are considered.
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11
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Bagastyo AY, Anggrainy AD, Khoiruddin K, Ursada R, Warmadewanthi IDAA, Wenten IG. Electrochemically-driven struvite recovery: Prospect and challenges for the application of magnesium sacrificial anode. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Liu H, She Q. Influence of membrane structure-dependent water transport on conductivity-permselectivity trade-off and salt/water selectivity in electrodialysis: Implications for osmotic electrodialysis using porous ion exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Kavitha E, Poonguzhali E, Nanditha D, Kapoor A, Arthanareeswaran G, Prabhakar S. Current status and future prospects of membrane separation processes for value recovery from wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132690. [PMID: 34715105 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Resource constraints and deteriorating environment have made it necessary to look for intensification of the industrial processes, to recover value from spent streams for reuse. The development of reverse osmosis has already established that water can be recovered from aqueous streams in a cost-effective and beneficial manner to the industries. With the development of several membrane processes and membrane materials, the possibility of recovering value from the effluents looks like a workable proposition. In this context, the potentialities of the different membrane processes in value recovery are presented. Among the pressure-driven processes, reverse osmosis can be used for the recovery of water as value. Nanofiltration has been used for the recovery of several dyes including crystal violet, congo red, methyl blue, etc., while ultrafiltration has been used in the fractionation of different solute species using membranes of different pore-size characteristics. Diffusion dialysis is found useful in the separation of acids from its salt solutions. Bipolar membrane electrodialysis has the potential to regenerate acid and base from salt solutions. Thermally driven membrane distillation can provide desalinated water, besides reducing the temperature of hot discharge streams. Passive membrane processes such as supported liquid membranes and membrane-assisted solvent extraction have been found useful in separating minor components from the wastewater streams. The details are discussed to drive home that membrane processes can be useful to achieve the objectives of value recovery, in a cost-effective manner through process intensification, as they are more compact and individual streams can be treated and value used seamlessly.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kavitha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - E Poonguzhali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Nanditha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashish Kapoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - G Arthanareeswaran
- Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Prabhakar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Zeng Q, Huang H, Tan Y, Chen G, Hao T. Emerging electrochemistry-based process for sludge treatment and resources recovery: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117939. [PMID: 34929476 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical process is gaining widespread interest as an emerging alternative for sludge treatment. Its potentials for sludge stabilization and resources recovery have been well proven to date. Despite the high effectiveness of the electrochemical process having been highlighted in several studies, concerns about the electrochemical sludge treatment, including energy consumption, scale-up feasibility, and electrode stability, have not yet been addressed. The present paper critically reviews the versatile uses of the electrochemical processes for sludge treatment and resource recovery, from the fundamentals to the practical applications. Particularly considered are the enhancement of the digestion of the anaerobic sludge and dewaterability, removal of pathogens and heavy metals, and control of sludge malodor. In addition, the opportunities and challenges of the sludge-based resource recovery (i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, and volatile fatty acids) are discussed. Insights into the working mechanisms (e.g., electroporation, electrokinetics and electrooxidation) of electrochemical processes are reviewed, and perspectives and future research directions are proposed. This work is expected to provide an in-depth understanding and broaden the potential applications of electrochemical processes for sludge treatment and resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metals Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metals Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yunkai Tan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metals Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
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15
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Exploiting the Nutrient Potential of Anaerobically Digested Sewage Sludge: A Review. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14238149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The world is currently witnessing a rapid increase in sewage sludge (SS) production, due to the increased demand for wastewater treatment. Therefore, SS management is crucial for the economic and environmental sustainability of wastewater treatment plants. The recovery of nutrients from SS has been identified as a fundamental step to enable the transition from a linear to a circular economy, turning SS into an economic and sustainable source of materials. SS is often treated via anaerobic digestion, to pursue energy recovery via biogas generation. Anaerobically digested sewage sludge (ADS) is a valuable source of organic matter and nutrients, and significant advances have been made in recent years in methods and technologies for nutrient recovery from ADS. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview, describing the advantages and drawbacks of the available and emerging technologies for recovery of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) from ADS. This work critically reviews the established and novel technologies, which are classified by their ability to recover a specific nutrient (ammonia stripping) or to allow the simultaneous recovery of multiple elements (struvite precipitation, ion exchange, membrane technologies, and thermal treatments). This study compares the described technologies in terms of nutrient recovery efficiency, capital, and operational costs, as well as their feasibility for full-scale application, revealing the current state of the art and future perspectives on this topic.
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16
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Bi J, Tao Q, Huang X, Wang J, Wang T, Hao H. Simultaneous decontamination of multi-pollutants: A promising approach for water remediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131270. [PMID: 34323782 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water remediation techniques have been extensively investigated due to the increasing threats of soluble pollutants posed on the human health, ecology and sustainability. Confronted with the complex composition matrix of wastewater, the simultaneous elimination of coexisting multi-pollutants remains a great challenge due to their different physicochemical properties. By integrating multi-contaminants elimination processes into one unit operation, simultaneous decontamination attracted more and more attention under the consideration of versatile applications and economical benefits. In this review, the state-of-art simultaneous decontamination methods were systematically summarized as chemical precipitation, adsorption, photocatalysis, oxidation-reduction, biological removal and membrane filtration. Their applications, mechanisms, mutual interactions, sustainability and recyclability were outlined and discussed in detail. Finally, the prospects and opportunities for future research were proposed for further development of simultaneous decontamination. This work could provide guidelines for the design and fabrication of well-organized simultaneous decontaminating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Bi
- National Engineering Research Center of Industry Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qingqing Tao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industry Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industry Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Co-Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Jingkang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industry Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Co-Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industry Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Co-Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industry Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Co-Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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17
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Melnikova ED, Tsygurina KA, Pismenskaya ND, Nikonenko VV. Influence of Protonation–Deprotonation Reactions on the Diffusion of Ammonium Chloride through Anion-Exchange Membrane. MEMBRANES AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s2517751621050085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Lin J, Chen Q, Huang X, Yan Z, Lin X, Ye W, Arcadio S, Luis P, Bi J, Van der Bruggen B, Zhao S. Integrated loose nanofiltration-electrodialysis process for sustainable resource extraction from high-salinity textile wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126505. [PMID: 34214850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effective extraction of useful resources from high-salinity textile wastewater is a critical pathway for sustainable wastewater management. In this study, an integrated loose nanofiltration-electrodialysis process was explored for simultaneous recovery of dyes, NaCl and pure water from high-salinity textile wastewater, thus closing the material loop and minimizing waste emission. Specifically, a loose nanofiltration membrane (molecular weight cutoff of ~800 Da) was proposed to fractionate the dye and NaCl in the high-salinity textile wastewater. Through a nanofiltration-diafiltration unit, including a pre-concentration stage and a constant-volume diafiltration stage, the dye could be recovered from the high-salinity textile wastewater, being enriched at a factor of ~9.0, i.e., from 2.01 to 17.9 g·L-1 with 98.4% purity. Assisted with the subsequent implementation of electrodialysis, the NaCl concentrate and pure water were effectively reclaimed from the salt-containing permeate coming from the loose nanofiltration-diafiltration. Simultaneously, the produced pure water was further recycled to the nanofiltration-diafiltration unit. This study shows the potential of the integration of loose nanofiltation-diafiltration with electrodialysis for sufficient resource extraction from high-salinity textile wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyang Lin
- School of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fuzhou, China
| | - Qin Chen
- School of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Jiangsu DDBS Environmental Remediation Co., Ltd., 210012 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongsen Yan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaocheng Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fuzhou, China.
| | - Wenyuan Ye
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China.
| | - Sotto Arcadio
- Department of Science Education, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, Madrid 28942, Spain
| | - Patricia Luis
- Materials & Process Engineering (iMMC-IMAP), UCLouvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jinhong Bi
- School of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fuzhou, China
| | - Bart Van der Bruggen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems (ProcESS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shuaifei Zhao
- Deakin University, Geelong, Institute for Frontier Materials, VIC 3216, Australia
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19
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Yang K, Qin M. The Application of Cation Exchange Membranes in Electrochemical Systems for Ammonia Recovery from Wastewater. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11070494. [PMID: 34208972 PMCID: PMC8305737 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical processes are considered promising technologies for ammonia recovery from wastewater. In electrochemical processes, cation exchange membrane (CEM), which is applied to separate compartments, plays a crucial role in the separation of ammonium nitrogen from wastewater. Here we provide a comprehensive review on the application of CEM in electrochemical systems for ammonia recovery from wastewater. Four kinds of electrochemical systems, including bioelectrochemical systems, electrochemical stripping, membrane electrosorption, and electrodialysis, are introduced. Then we discuss the role CEM plays in these processes for ammonia recovery from wastewater. In addition, we highlight the key performance metrics related to ammonia recovery and properties of CEM membrane. The limitations and key challenges of using CEM for ammonia recovery are also identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohan Qin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(608)-265-9733
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20
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Kedwell KC, Jørgensen MK, Quist-Jensen CA, Pham TD, Van der Bruggen B, Christensen ML. Selective electrodialysis for simultaneous but separate phosphate and ammonium recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:2177-2186. [PMID: 31750797 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1696410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients were extracted from digester supernatant sampled from a full-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) wastewater treatment plant. A four-compartment selectrodialysis setup was used to extract ammonium and phosphate in two separate compartments. The initial phosphate recovery rate was measured to be 0.072 mmol m-2 s-1 and the initial ammonium recovery rate was measured to be 1.31 mmol m-2 s-1. The ammonium recovery rate was 18 times higher than that for phosphate, whereas the molar concentration of ammonium in the feed was 10 times higher than that of phosphate. An average recovery of 72 ± 1% and 90 ± 10% for ammonium and phosphate was observed after 3 h of operation. A monovalent anion selective (MVA) membrane was used to avoid ammonium and reduce the concentration of monovalent anions in the phosphorus stream. The pH in the phosphorus stream was kept at 10 so phosphate did not pass the MVA membrane. A membrane area of 26 m2 per m3 digester supernatant was required to recover 70% of phosphate and ammonium for the digester supernatant that contained 6 mM phosphate and 105 mM ammonium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Charlotte Kedwell
- Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mads Koustrup Jørgensen
- Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Cejna Anna Quist-Jensen
- Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tien Duc Pham
- Department of Chemical Engineering (CIT), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Van der Bruggen
- Department of Chemical Engineering (CIT), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
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21
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Li X, Shen S, Xu Y, Guo T, Dai H, Lu X. Application of membrane separation processes in phosphorus recovery: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144346. [PMID: 33422961 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The depletion of phosphorus resources and the excess discharge of phosphorus into waste streams are contrasting problems. The key to solving both problems is to recover phosphorus from the waste streams. Current phosphorus recovery technologies require high phosphorus concentrations and lack the ability to separate toxic substances from recovered phosphorus products. Membrane separation processes such as nanofiltration, forward osmosis, and electrodialysis are examples of effective methods for solving some of these issues. In this paper, the mechanisms, performance, and influential factors affect phosphorus recovery from membrane separation are reviewed. Membrane fouling, energy consumption, and the selectivity of toxic substances in membrane separation processes were evaluated. This work will serve as a basis for future research and development of phosphorus recovery by membrane separation processes and as a response to the increasingly pressing issues of eutrophication and the growing depletion of phosphorus resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Southeast University, School Energy & Environment, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing 210096, PR China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi 214135, PR China.
| | - Shuting Shen
- Southeast University, School Energy & Environment, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing 210096, PR China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi 214135, PR China
| | - Yuye Xu
- Southeast University, School Energy & Environment, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing 210096, PR China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi 214135, PR China
| | - Ting Guo
- Southeast University, School Energy & Environment, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing 210096, PR China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi 214135, PR China
| | - Hongliang Dai
- Southeast University, School Energy & Environment, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing 210096, PR China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, No. 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China.
| | - Xiwu Lu
- Southeast University, School Energy & Environment, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing 210096, PR China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi 214135, PR China.
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22
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Álvarez-Manzaneda I, Laza N, Navarro FB, Suárez-Rey EM, Segura ML, de Vicente I. Assessing the viability of recovered phosphorus from eutrophicated aquatic ecosystems as a liquid fertilizer. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 285:112156. [PMID: 33609980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important worldwide environmental challenges is the alteration of the biogeochemical cycle of phosphorus (P). P is globally exported from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems, causing the eutrophication of the receiving waters. In this context, magnetic microparticles (MPs) have been recently proposed for trapping P in natural eutrophicated ecosystems, as well as in treated wastewaters. The main advantage of using MPs is that both P and MPs can be recovered from the treated water. Thus, the working hypothesis of the present study is that P can be desorbed from P-loaded MPs and recovered P can be later used as a fertilizer. To test this hypothesis, the best working conditions for desorbing P from P-loaded MPs were identified; then, an experiment with different plant nutrient solutions (neutralized solutions containing recovered P and an unfertilized control) was carried out with three different plant species: Ocimum basilicum L., Cucumis sativus L. and Cucumis melo L. Finally, germination, height, root and shoot biomass and P concentration in root and shoot were compared among treatments. Our results show that the best conditions for P desorption from P-loaded MPs occurred when using 0.1 M NH4OH and using H3PO4 for neutralizing pH. The greenhouse fertirrigation pot experiment showed that the neutralized solution containing desorbed P from P-loaded MPs can be used as a liquid fertilizer, since its combination with macro and microelements significantly increased plant height, growth rate, shoot and root biomass and shoot and root P concentration. As a result, MPs can be proposed to be used for counteracting the widespread and coupled problems of the exhaustion of the P reserves and the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Álvarez-Manzaneda
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto del Agua, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - N Laza
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto del Agua, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - F B Navarro
- IFAPA Centro Camino de Purchil, Junta de Andalucía. Camino de Purchil s/n, 18004, Granada, Spain
| | - E M Suárez-Rey
- IFAPA Centro Camino de Purchil, Junta de Andalucía. Camino de Purchil s/n, 18004, Granada, Spain
| | - M L Segura
- IFAPA Centro La Mojonera, Junta de Andalucía. Autovía del Mediterráneo, salida 420, 04745, Almería, Spain
| | - I de Vicente
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto del Agua, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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23
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Priya AK, Pachaiappan R, Kumar PS, Jalil AA, Vo DVN, Rajendran S. The war using microbes: A sustainable approach for wastewater management. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 275:116598. [PMID: 33581625 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities and population growth have resulted in a reduced availability of drinking water. To ensure consistency in the existence of drinking water, it is inevitable to establish wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). 70% of India's rural population was found to be without WWTP, waste disposal, and good sanitation. Wastewater has emerged from kitchens, washrooms, etc., with industry activities. This scenario caused severe damage to water resources, leading to degradation of water quality and pathogenic insects. Thus, it is a need of an hour to prompt for better WWTPs for both rural and urban areas. Many parts of the world have started to face severe water shortages in recent years, and wastewater reuse methods need to be updated. Clean water supply is not enough to satisfy the needs of the planet as a whole, and the majority of freshwater in the polar regions takes the form of ice and snow. The increasing population requires clean water for drinks, hygiene, irrigation, and various other applications. Lack of water and contamination of water result from human activities. 90% of wastewater is released to water systems without treatment in developing countries. Studies show that about 730 megatons of waste are annually discharged into water from sewages and other effluents. The sustenance of water resources, applying wastewater treatment technologies, and calling down the percentage of potable water has to be strictly guided by mankind. This review compares the treatment of domestic sewage to its working conditions, energy efficiency, etc. In this review, several treatment methods with different mechanisms involved in waste treatment, industrial effluents, recovery/recycling were discussed. The feasibility of bioaugmentation should eventually be tested through data from field implementation as an important technological challenge, and this analysis identifies many promising areas to be explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Priya
- Department of Civil Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641027, India
| | - Rekha Pachaiappan
- Department of Sustainable Energy Management, Stella Maris College, Chennai, 600086, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India
| | - A A Jalil
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, 81310, UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, 1775, Arica, Chile.
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24
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Zhang C, Ding W, Zeng X, Xu X. Recovery of ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate using a biopolar membrane equipped electrodialysis system. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:1758-1770. [PMID: 33201841 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a laboratory-scale electrodialysis reactor with five compartment cells separated by a bipolar membrane and ion exchange membrane was assembled to remove ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate as a pretreatment process. The effects of humic acid, magnesium ions (Mg2+) and calcium ions (Ca2+) existing in leachate on the removal efficiency of ammonium (NH4 +) were investigated by using simulated wastewater. The results indicate that humic acid has little impact on ammonium in the presence of an electric field. High concentrations of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in solution have a substantial impact on the removal efficiency of ammonium, but the average migration rate of the three ions is NH4 + > Mg2+ > Ca2+ under the same current intensity, and NH4 + plays a major role in electromigration for mixture electrodialysis. Therefore, ammonia nitrogen can be separated from leachate and accumulated effectively. Meanwhile, the bipolar membrane near the cathode produces alkali that is released into the base cell to promote ammonia nitrogen transformation from accumulated ammonium, which creates in-site alkaline condition for ammonia nitrogen recovery by a further stripping process. When the actual leachate collected from a local municipal sanitary landfill was employed, the reactor reached 86.17% of ammonia nitrogen removal after 3.0 h reaction. Analysis of membrane scale suggests the inhibitory effect of Mg2+ on Ca2+ migration during the initial working period of the reaction can potentially slow down the membrane scaling of the cation exchange membrane. This study provides a promising technology for the removal and recovery of ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunkuan Zhang
- Key laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China and National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, ChongqingUniversity, Chongqing, 400045, China E-mail:
| | - Wenchuan Ding
- Key laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China and National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, ChongqingUniversity, Chongqing, 400045, China E-mail:
| | - Xiaolan Zeng
- Key laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China and National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, ChongqingUniversity, Chongqing, 400045, China E-mail:
| | - Xiaotang Xu
- Key laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China and National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, ChongqingUniversity, Chongqing, 400045, China E-mail:
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25
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Bazinet L, Geoffroy TR. Electrodialytic Processes: Market Overview, Membrane Phenomena, Recent Developments and Sustainable Strategies. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E221. [PMID: 32887428 PMCID: PMC7557436 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10090221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In the context of preserving and improving human health, electrodialytic processes are very promising perspectives. Indeed, they allow the treatment of water, preservation of food products, production of bioactive compounds, extraction of organic acids, and recovery of energy from natural and wastewaters without major environmental impact. Hence, the aim of the present review is to give a global portrait of the most recent developments in electrodialytic membrane phenomena and their uses in sustainable strategies. It has appeared that new knowledge on pulsed electric fields, electroconvective vortices, overlimiting conditions and reversal modes as well as recent demonstrations of their applications are currently boosting the interest for electrodialytic processes. However, the hurdles are still high when dealing with scale-ups and real-life conditions. Furthermore, looking at the recent research trends, potable water and wastewater treatment as well as the production of value-added bioactive products in a circular economy will probably be the main applications to be developed and improved. All these processes, taking into account their principles and specificities, can be used for specific eco-efficient applications. However, to prove the sustainability of such process strategies, more life cycle assessments will be necessary to convince people of the merits of coupling these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Bazinet
- Department of Food Sciences, Laboratoire de Transformation Alimentaire et Procédés ÉlectroMembranaires (LTAPEM, Laboratory of Food Processing and Electromembrane Processes), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Research Center (STELA), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V0A6, Canada;
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26
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Gurreri L, Tamburini A, Cipollina A, Micale G. Electrodialysis Applications in Wastewater Treatment for Environmental Protection and Resources Recovery: A Systematic Review on Progress and Perspectives. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E146. [PMID: 32660014 PMCID: PMC7408617 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10070146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies on electrodialysis (ED) applications in wastewater treatment, outlining the current status and the future prospect. ED is a membrane process of separation under the action of an electric field, where ions are selectively transported across ion-exchange membranes. ED of both conventional or unconventional fashion has been tested to treat several waste or spent aqueous solutions, including effluents from various industrial processes, municipal wastewater or salt water treatment plants, and animal farms. Properties such as selectivity, high separation efficiency, and chemical-free treatment make ED methods adequate for desalination and other treatments with significant environmental benefits. ED technologies can be used in operations of concentration, dilution, desalination, regeneration, and valorisation to reclaim wastewater and recover water and/or other products, e.g., heavy metal ions, salts, acids/bases, nutrients, and organics, or electrical energy. Intense research activity has been directed towards developing enhanced or novel systems, showing that zero or minimal liquid discharge approaches can be techno-economically affordable and competitive. Despite few real plants having been installed, recent developments are opening new routes for the large-scale use of ED techniques in a plethora of treatment processes for wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Tamburini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (L.G.); (A.C.); (G.M.)
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27
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Chaudhury S, Nir O. Electro-Enhanced Membrane Sorption: A New Approach for Selective Ion Separation and Its Application to Phosphate and Arsenic Removal. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanhita Chaudhury
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8499000, Israel
| | - Oded Nir
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8499000, Israel
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28
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Pismenskaya N, Rybalkina O, Kozmai A, Tsygurina K, Melnikova E, Nikonenko V. Generation of H+ and OH− ions in anion-exchange membrane/ampholyte-containing solution systems: A study using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Balcik-Canbolat C, Sengezer C, Sakar H, Karagunduz A, Keskinler B. A study on near zero liquid discharge approach for the treatment of reverse osmosis membrane concentrate by electrodialysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:440-449. [PMID: 30010517 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1501610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A lab-scale electrodialysis (ED) which consisted of 11 pieces of cation-exchange membranes and 10 pieces of anion-exchange membranes was used to treat concentrated brine of Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. The effect of operating parameters such as applied voltage, flowrate, and operating mode was investigated to measure the performance of a lab-scale ED. Three different voltages (5, 10, and 15 V) and flowrates (20, 30, and 40 L/h) were applied in order to optimize the operating conditions of the ED system. The maximum TDS removal efficiencies were 85%, 97%, and 98% for 5, 10, and 15 V, respectively. It was concluded that the desalination efficiencies were almost the same at flowrates values of 20, 30 and 40 L/h. The TDS concentration of the treated brine in the concentrate compartment rises to the highest value of 25,400 mg/L with desalination rate of 92.5% after five cycle operation. Moreover, the desalinated brine can be used as fresh water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cisel Sengezer
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Hacer Sakar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Karagunduz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Bulent Keskinler
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey
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30
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van Linden N, Spanjers H, van Lier JB. Application of dynamic current density for increased concentration factors and reduced energy consumption for concentrating ammonium by electrodialysis. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 163:114856. [PMID: 31330400 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) can be recovered from water for fertiliser production or even energy production purposes. Because NH4+ recovery is more effective at increased concentrations, electrodialysis (ED) can be used to concentrate NH4+ from side streams, such as sludge reject water, and simultaneously achieve high NH4+ removal efficiencies. However, the effect of osmosis and back-diffusion increases when the NH4+ concentration gradient between the diluate and the concentrate stream increases, resulting in a limitation of the concentration factor and an increase in energy consumption for NH4+ removal. In this study, we showed that operation at dynamic current density (DCD) reduced the effect of osmosis and back-diffusion, due to a 75% decrease of the operational run time, compared to operation at a fixed current density (FCD). The concentration factor increased from 4.5 for an FCD to 6.7 for DCD, while the energy consumption of 90% NH4+ removal from synthetic sludge reject water at DCD remained stable at 5.4 MJ·kg-N-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels van Linden
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Stevinweg 1, 2628, CN Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Henri Spanjers
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Stevinweg 1, 2628, CN Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Jules B van Lier
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Stevinweg 1, 2628, CN Delft, the Netherlands
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Arola K, Ward A, Mänttäri M, Kallioinen M, Batstone D. Transport of pharmaceuticals during electrodialysis treatment of wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 161:496-504. [PMID: 31229730 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrodialysis (ED) is a promising emerging electrochemical membrane technology for nutrient concentration and recovery from wastewater. However associated environmental safety aspects have to be assessed before utilizing concentrated nutrient produced by ED, for instance as fertilizer. Municipal wastewaters contain various micropollutants that have the potential of being concentrated during the ED treatment processes. This study quantified the transport of pharmaceuticals during ED nutrient recovery from synthetic centrate wastewater. Specifically, it is evaluated whether pharmaceutical micropollutants are mobile, and therefore able to transport across the cation exchange membranes and concentrate into the ED concentrate product. Results demonstrate that NH4+-N, PO43--P and K+ could be concentrated up to 5 times in the concentrated ED product (3700-4000 mg/L NH4+-N, 21-25 mg/L PO43--P, 990-1040 mg/L K+). Target micropollutants, such as diclofenac, carbamazepine and furosemide were largely retained in the diluent, with less than 8% being transported across to the concentrate product (feed micropollutant concentration 10 or 100 μg/L) based on the final target pharmaceutical amounts in the ED concentrate product (μg). Some transport of micropollutants such as atenolol, metoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide was observed to the concentrate product. For instance a final concentration of 10.3, 9.4 and 8.6 μg/L on average was measured for these pollutants in the final ED concentrate product (final volume ∼1 L) in experiments with a feed water (initial volume 20 L) containing only 10 μg/L of target pharmaceuticals. Transport of pharmaceuticals across the ED membranes was concluded to be dominated mainly by the molecule hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity as well as electrostatic interactions between pharmaceutical molecules and ED membranes. Particularly excluded were those having a negative charge and high hydrophobicity such as diclofenac and ibuprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimmo Arola
- LUT University, LUT School of Engineering Science, Skinnarilankatu 34, Lappeenranta, Finland.
| | - Andrew Ward
- University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre, Level 4, Gehrmann Laboratories Building (60), Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mika Mänttäri
- LUT University, LUT School of Engineering Science, Skinnarilankatu 34, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Mari Kallioinen
- LUT University, LUT School of Engineering Science, Skinnarilankatu 34, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Damien Batstone
- University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre, Level 4, Gehrmann Laboratories Building (60), Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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32
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Ye ZL, Ghyselbrecht K, Monballiu A, Pinoy L, Meesschaert B. Fractionating various nutrient ions for resource recovery from swine wastewater using simultaneous anionic and cationic selective-electrodialysis. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 160:424-434. [PMID: 31163318 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Different from current nutrient recovery technologies of recovering one or two nutrient components (PO43- or NH4+) from wastewater, this study aimed to fractionate various nutrient anions and cations simultaneously, including PO43-, SO42-, NH4+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, into several streams. The recovered streams could be further paired together to produce high-value products. A novel electrodialysis process was developed by integrating monovalent selective anion and cation exchange membranes into an electrodialysis stack. Results revealed that nutrient recovery was achieved effectively by fractionating PO43- and SO42- into the anionic product stream, whereas bivalent cations (Mg2+ and Ca2+) were extracted in the cationic product stream and the monovalent cations (K+ and NH4+) were concentrated in the brine stream. For the permeation capabilities of anions, SO42- and Cl- possessed the higher preference, whereas PO43- permeated the membrane more difficult. As to the cations, the permeation sequence was: NH4+≈K+ >Ca2+>Mg2+≈Na+. Enhancing voltage values not only promoted ion migration rates, but also led to the increase of energy consumption. Although elevating initial phosphate concentration in the anionic product streams from 60 mg/L to 470 mg/L did not influence phosphate fractionation significantly, the current efficiency decreased from 3.55% to 0.65% and a remarkable increased of energy consumption from 29.42 kWh/kg NaH2PO4 to 160.13 kWh/kg NaH2PO4 was observed. Further experiments were conducted for phosphorus recovery by pairing two recovered product streams, which revealed that phosphate precipitation could be achieved by using inherent Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the wastewater without dosing external cation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Long Ye
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen City, Fujian, 361021, China; Cluster for Bio-engineering, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, KU Leuven Campus Bruges, Spoorwegstraat 12, 8200, Brugge, Belgium.
| | - Karel Ghyselbrecht
- Cluster for Bio-engineering, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, KU Leuven Campus Bruges, Spoorwegstraat 12, 8200, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Annick Monballiu
- Cluster for Bio-engineering, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, KU Leuven Campus Bruges, Spoorwegstraat 12, 8200, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Luc Pinoy
- Cluster for Sustainable Chemical Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Technology Campus Ghent, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Boudewijn Meesschaert
- Cluster for Bio-engineering, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, KU Leuven Campus Bruges, Spoorwegstraat 12, 8200, Brugge, Belgium.
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33
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Rybalkina O, Tsygurina K, Melnikova E, Mareev S, Moroz I, Nikonenko V, Pismenskaya N. Partial Fluxes of Phosphoric Acid Anions through Anion-Exchange Membranes in the Course of NaH 2PO 4 Solution Electrodialysis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3593. [PMID: 31340475 PMCID: PMC6678999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrodialysis (ED) with ion-exchange membranes is a promising method for the extraction of phosphates from municipal and other wastewater in order to obtain cheap mineral fertilizers. Phosphorus is transported through an anion-exchange membrane (AEM) by anions of phosphoric acid. However, which phosphoric acid anions carry the phosphorus in the membrane and the boundary solution, that is, the mechanism of phosphorus transport, is not yet clear. Some authors report an unexpectedly low current efficiency of this process and high energy consumption. In this paper, we report the partial currents of H2PO4-, HPO42-, and PO43- through Neosepta AMX and Fujifilm AEM Type X membranes, as well as the partial currents of H2PO4- and H+ ions through a depleted diffusion layer of a 0.02 M NaH2PO4 feed solution measured as functions of the applied potential difference across the membrane under study. It was shown that the fraction of the current transported by anions through AEMs depend on the total current density/potential difference. This was due to the fact that the pH of the internal solution in the membrane increases with the growing current due to the increasing concentration polarization (a lower electrolyte concentration at the membrane surface leads to higher pH shift in the membrane). The HPO42- ions contributed to the charge transfer even when a low current passed through the membrane; with an increasing current, the contribution of the HPO42- ions grew, and when the current was about 2.5 ilimLev (ilimLev was the theoretical limiting current density), the PO43- ions started to carry the charge through the membrane. However, in the feed solution, the pH was 4.6 and only H2PO4- ions were present. When H2PO4- ions entered the membrane, a part of them transformed into doubly and triply charged anions; the H+ ions were released in this transformation and returned to the depleted diffusion layer. Thus, the phosphorus total flux, jP (equal to the sum of the fluxes of all phosphorus-bearing species) was limited by the H2PO4- transport from the bulk of feed solution to the membrane surface. The value of jP was close to ilimLev/F (F is the Faraday constant). A slight excess of jP over ilimLev/F was observed, which is due to the electroconvection and exaltation effects. The visualization showed that electroconvection in the studied systems was essentially weaker than in systems with strong electrolytes, such as NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya Rybalkina
- Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya st., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Kseniya Tsygurina
- Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya st., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | | | - Semyon Mareev
- Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya st., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Ilya Moroz
- Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya st., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Victor Nikonenko
- Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya st., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia.
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Shu J, Wu H, Chen M, Wei L, Wang B, Li B, Liu R, Liu Z. Simultaneous optimizing removal of manganese and ammonia nitrogen from electrolytic metal manganese residue leachate using chemical equilibrium model. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 172:273-280. [PMID: 30716661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytic metal manganese residue leachate (EMMRL) was produced from long-term deposition of electrolytic metal manganese residue. EMMRL contains huge amount of manganese and ammonia nitrogen which could seriously damage the ecological environment. In this study, a chemical equilibrium model-Visual MINTEQ was used to simultaneously optimize removal of manganese and ammonia nitrogen from EMMRL with chemical precipitation methods. In the laboratory experiment, the effect of different N: P ratios and pH were investigated, and the characterization of the precipitates was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that over 99.9% manganese and 96.2% ammonia nitrogen were simultaneously removed, respectively, when molar ratio of N:P was 1:1.15 at pH 9.5. Moreover, the experimental results corresponded well with the model outputs with respect to ammonia nitrogen and manganese removal. Manganese was mainly removed in the form of MnHPO4·3H2O and manganite, and ammonia nitrogen was mainly removed in the form of struvite. Economic evaluation indicated the chemical precipitation methods can be applied in the factory when the price of precipitation was higher than 0.295 $/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Haiping Wu
- Sichuan Jiuzhou Technician College, 9 Ninesheng Road, Mianyang 621099, China
| | - Mengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Liang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Renlong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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35
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Rotta EH, Bitencourt CS, Marder L, Bernardes AM. Phosphorus recovery from low phosphate-containing solution by electrodialysis. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Xu Y, Yang F, Zhang L, Wang X, Sun Y, Liu Q, Qian G. Migration and transformation of phosphorus in municipal sludge by the hydrothermal treatment and its directional adjustment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 81:196-201. [PMID: 30527035 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential resource for organism growth in nature. In order to recover phosphorus from sludge, the effects of temperature, time, pH and CaO on the migration and transformation of phosphorus during hydrothermal treatment were investigated. The results demonstrated that approximately 30% of total phosphorus (TP) existed in the hydrothermal supernatant in the temperature range of 200-260 °C. In the solid products, non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) gradually transformed into apatite (AP) as the hydrothermal temperature increased. When the solution was adjusted to be acidic, both AP and NAIP were dissolved. However, only NAIP was dissolved in alkaline hydrothermal solution. Moreover, complete transformation of NAIP to AP was attained by the addition of CaO. The products Ca3(PO4)2 and Ca7Mg2(PO4)6 were detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which verified the speciation transformation of phosphorus in presence of CaO during the hydrothermal treatment process. These results had implications for the feasibility of directionally producing Ca-P with high bioavailability and reducing the dependence on limited phosphorus resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Fei Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai 200444, PR China.
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37
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Ward AJ, Arola K, Thompson Brewster E, Mehta CM, Batstone DJ. Nutrient recovery from wastewater through pilot scale electrodialysis. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 135:57-65. [PMID: 29454922 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient recovery performance utilising an electrodialysis (ED) process was quantified in a 30-cell pair pilot reactor with a 7.2 m2 effective membrane area, utilising domestic anaerobic digester supernatant, which had been passed through a centrifuge as a feed source (centrate). A concentrated product (NH4-N 7100 ± 300 mg/L and K 2490 ± 40 mg/L) could be achieved by concentrating nutrient ions from the centrate wastewater dilute feed stream to the product stream using the ED process. The average total current efficiency for all major cations over the experimental period was 76 ± 2% (NH4-N transport 40%, K transport 14%). The electrode power consumption was 4.9 ± 1.5 kWh/kgN, averaged across the three replicate trials. This value is lower than competing technologies for NH4-N removal and production, and far lower than previous ED lab trials, demonstrating the importance of pilot testing. No significant variation in starting flux densities and cell resistance voltage for subsequent replicate treatments indicated effective cleaning procedures and operational sustainability at treatment durations of several days. This study demonstrates that ED is an economically promising technology for the recovery of nutrients from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ward
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kimmo Arola
- Lappeenranta University of Technology, LUT School of Engineering Science, Skinnarilankatu 34, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Emma Thompson Brewster
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Chirag M Mehta
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Damien J Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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38
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Forward osmosis with high-performing TFC membranes for concentration of digester centrate prior to phosphorus recovery. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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39
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Xu F, Khalaf A, Sheets J, Ge X, Keener H, Li Y. Phosphorus Removal and Recovery From Anaerobic Digestion Residues. ADVANCES IN BIOENERGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aibe.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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40
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Impact of cation-exchange membrane scaling nature on the electrochemical characteristics of membrane system. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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In situ utilization of generated electricity for nutrient recovery in urine treatment using a selective electrodialysis membrane bioreactor. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Zhang X, Wang X, Liu X, Han X, Jiang C, Li Q, Xu T. Conversion of Potassium Chloride into Potassium Sulfate by Four-Compartment Electrodialysis: Batch Operation Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyao Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianchao Liu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhao Han
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxiao Jiang
- Laboratory
of Functional Membranes, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Laboratory
of Functional Membranes, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Laboratory
of Functional Membranes, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
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