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Peng X, Du J, Wang Y. Metabolic signatures in post-myocardial infarction heart failure, including insights into prediction, intervention, and prognosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116079. [PMID: 38150879 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent long-term complication of myocardial infarction (MI). The incidence of post-MI HF is high, and patients with the condition have a poor prognosis. Accurate identification of individuals at high risk for post-MI HF is crucial for implementation of a protective and ideally personalized strategy to prevent fatal events. Post-MI HF is characterized by adverse cardiac remodeling, which results from metabolic changes in response to long-term ischemia. Moreover, various risk factors, including genetics, diet, and obesity, can influence metabolic pathways in patients. This review focuses on the metabolic signatures of post-MI HF that could serve as non-invasive biomarkers for early identification in high-risk populations. We also explore how metabolism participates in the pathophysiology of post-MI HF. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of metabolites as novel targets for treatment of post-MI HF and as biomarkers for prognostic evaluation. It is expected to provide valuable suggestions for the clinical prevention and treatment of post-MI HF from a metabolic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Peng
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cardiovascular Disorders, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
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2
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Packer M. SGLT2 inhibitors: role in protective reprogramming of cardiac nutrient transport and metabolism. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:443-462. [PMID: 36609604 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce heart failure events by direct action on the failing heart that is independent of changes in renal tubular function. In the failing heart, nutrient transport into cardiomyocytes is increased, but nutrient utilization is impaired, leading to deficient ATP production and the cytosolic accumulation of deleterious glucose and lipid by-products. These by-products trigger downregulation of cytoprotective nutrient-deprivation pathways, thereby promoting cellular stress and undermining cellular survival. SGLT2 inhibitors restore cellular homeostasis through three complementary mechanisms: they might bind directly to nutrient-deprivation and nutrient-surplus sensors to promote their cytoprotective actions; they can increase the synthesis of ATP by promoting mitochondrial health (mediated by increasing autophagic flux) and potentially by alleviating the cytosolic deficiency in ferrous iron; and they might directly inhibit glucose transporter type 1, thereby diminishing the cytosolic accumulation of toxic metabolic by-products and promoting the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. The increase in autophagic flux mediated by SGLT2 inhibitors also promotes the clearance of harmful glucose and lipid by-products and the disposal of dysfunctional mitochondria, allowing for mitochondrial renewal through mitochondrial biogenesis. This Review describes the orchestrated interplay between nutrient transport and metabolism and nutrient-deprivation and nutrient-surplus signalling, to explain how SGLT2 inhibitors reverse the profound nutrient, metabolic and cellular abnormalities observed in heart failure, thereby restoring the myocardium to a healthy molecular and cellular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Imperial College London, London, UK.
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3
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Wu T, Wang M, Ning F, Zhou S, Hu X, Xin H, Reilly S, Zhang X. Emerging role for branched-chain amino acids metabolism in fibrosis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106604. [PMID: 36503000 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathological feature of organ diseases resulting from excessive production of extracellular matrix, which accounts for significant morbidity and mortality. However, there is currently no effective treatment targeting fibrogenesis. Recently, metabolic alterations are increasingly considered as essential factors underlying fibrogenesis, and especially research on metabolic regulation of amino acids is flourishing. Among them, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are the most abundant essential amino acids, including leucine, isoleucine and valine, which play significant roles in the substance and energy metabolism and their regulation. Dysregulation of BCAAs metabolism has been proven to contribute to numerous diseases. In this review, we summarize the metabolic regulation of fibrosis and the changes in BCAAs metabolism secondary to fibrosis. We also review the effects and mechanisms of the BCAAs intervention, and its therapeutic targeting in hepatic, renal and cardiac fibrosis, with a focus on the fibrosis in liver and associated hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiangang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fengling Ning
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shilin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuetao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai 201204, China.
| | - Svetlana Reilly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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4
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Iwai S, Hasegawa T, Ikeda HO, Tsujikawa A. Branched Chain Amino Acids Promote ATP Production Via Translocation of Glucose Transporters. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:7. [PMID: 35930269 PMCID: PMC9363681 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.9.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We have previously shown that maintenance of ATP levels is a promising strategy for preventing neuronal cell death, and that branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) enhanced cellular ATP levels in cultured cells and antagonized cell death. BCAAs attenuated photoreceptor degeneration and retinal ganglion cell death in rodent models of retinal degeneration or glaucoma. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms through which BCAAs enhance ATP production. Methods Intracellular ATP concentration was measured in HeLa cells under glycolysis and citric acid cycle inhibited conditions. Next, glucose uptake was quantified in HeLa cells and in 661W retinal photoreceptor-derived cells under glycolysis inhibition, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and glucose transporters (GLUTs) inhibited conditions, by measuring the fluorescence of fluorescently labeled deoxy-glucose analog using flow cytometry. Then, the intracellular behavior of GLUT1 and GLUT3 were observed in HeLa or 661W cells transfected with enhanced green fluorescent protein-GLUTs. Results BCAAs recovered intracellular ATP levels during glycolysis inhibition and during citric acid cycle inhibition. BCAAs significantly increased glucose uptake and recovered decreased glucose uptake induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress or glycolysis inhibition. However, BCAAs were unable to increase intracellular ATP levels or glucose uptake when GLUTs were inhibited. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that supplementation of BCAAs enhanced the translocation of GLUTs proteins to the plasma membrane over time. Conclusions BCAAs increase ATP production by promoting glucose uptake through promotion of glucose transporters translocation to the plasma membrane. These results may help expand the clinical application of BCAAs in retinal neurodegenerative diseases, such as glaucoma and retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Iwai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hasegawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanako Ohashi Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akitaka Tsujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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5
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Jafari-Vayghan H, Moludi J, Saleh-Ghadimi S, Enamzadeh E, Seyed-Mohammadzad MH, Alizadeh M. Impact of Melatonin and Branched-Chain Amino Acids Cosupplementation on Quality of Life, Fatigue, and Nutritional Status in Cachectic Heart Failure Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022; 16:130-140. [PMID: 35185435 PMCID: PMC8848111 DOI: 10.1177/1559827619874044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiac cachexia (CC) adversely affects the lifestyle of heart failure (HF) patients. The current study examined the impact of melatonin cosupplementation and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) on quality of life (QoL), fatigue, and nutritional status in cachectic HF patients. Methods: In this trial, 84 CC patients were randomized to melatonin, BCAAs, or coadministration (both) as intervention groups and a control group over 8 weeks. At baseline and postintervention, QoL, fatigue, and nutritional status were assessed. Results: After intervention, improvement in the overall and physical dimensions of QoL and appetite score were found to be statistically significant in the BCAAs (P < .001) and the melatonin+BCAAs (P < .001) groups compared with the placebo group. The emotional dimension score was significantly lower in the BCAAs group compared with the placebo group (P = .001). There was a statistically significant improvement in fatigue severity in all 3 intervention groups compared with the placebo group. The nutrition risk index (NRI) score increased significantly only in the melatonin group (P = .015), and there was no significant difference between the other groups (P = .804). Conclusions: Cosupplementation with BCAAs and melatonin improved QoL, fatigue status, and appetite in cachectic HF patients but did not affect NRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Jafari-Vayghan
- Student Research Committee (HJ-V, JM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences (SS-G), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center (EE), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science (MA), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Cardiology, Shohada Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran (MHS-M)
| | - Jalal Moludi
- Student Research Committee (HJ-V, JM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences (SS-G), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center (EE), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science (MA), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Cardiology, Shohada Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran (MHS-M)
| | - Sevda Saleh-Ghadimi
- Student Research Committee (HJ-V, JM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences (SS-G), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center (EE), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science (MA), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Cardiology, Shohada Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran (MHS-M)
| | - Elgar Enamzadeh
- Student Research Committee (HJ-V, JM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences (SS-G), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center (EE), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science (MA), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Cardiology, Shohada Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran (MHS-M)
| | - Mir Hossein Seyed-Mohammadzad
- Student Research Committee (HJ-V, JM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences (SS-G), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center (EE), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science (MA), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Cardiology, Shohada Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran (MHS-M)
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Student Research Committee (HJ-V, JM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences (SS-G), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center (EE), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science (MA), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Cardiology, Shohada Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran (MHS-M)
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6
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Gong X, Sun Z, Huang Z, Zhou Q, Yu Z, Chen X, Shao W, Zheng Y, Liang Y, Qin S, Su Y, Ge J. Circulating metabolite profiles to predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:178. [PMID: 32299366 PMCID: PMC7164223 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heart failure is associated with ventricular dyssynchrony and energetic inefficiency, which can be alleviated by cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with approximately one-third of non-response rate. Thus far, there is no specific biomarker to predict the response to CRT in patients with heart failure. In this study, we assessed the role of the blood metabolomic profile in predicting the response to CRT. Methods A total of 105 dilated cardiomyopathy patients with severe heart failure who received CRT were included in our two-stage study. Baseline blood samples were collected prior to CRT implantation. The response to CRT was defined according to echocardiographic criteria. Metabolomic profiling of serum samples was carried out using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results Seventeen metabolites showed significant differences in their levels between responders and non-responders, and these metabolites were primarily involved in six pathways, including linoleic acid metabolism, Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, citrate cycle, tryptophan metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism. A combination of isoleucine, tryptophan, and linoleic acid was identified as an ideal metabolite panel to distinguish responders from non-responders in the discovery set (n = 51 with an AUC of 0.981), and it was confirmed in the validation set (n = 54 with an AUC of 0.929). Conclusions Mass spectrometry based serum metabolomics approach provided larger coverage of metabolome which can help distinguish CRT responders from non-responders. A combination of isoleucine, tryptophan, and linoleic acid may associate with significant prognostic values for CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghan Sun
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheyong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqing Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Shao
- Department of Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiu Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengmei Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangang Su
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Bhat A, Chakraborty R, Adlakha K, Agam G, Chakraborty K, Sengupta S. Ncl1-mediated metabolic rewiring critical during metabolic stress. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/4/e201900360. [PMID: 31416893 PMCID: PMC6696984 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of cysteine induces translational defects and metabolic rewiring that are abrogated by leucine in a transfer RNA (tRNA) methyltransferase NCL1-dependent manner in yeast. Nutritional limitation has been vastly studied; however, there is limited knowledge of how cells maintain homeostasis in excess nutrients. In this study, using yeast as a model system, we show that some amino acids are toxic at higher concentrations. With cysteine as a physiologically relevant example, we delineated the pathways/processes that are altered and those that are involved in survival in the presence of elevated levels of this amino acid. Using proteomics and metabolomics approach, we found that cysteine up-regulates proteins involved in amino acid metabolism, alters amino acid levels, and inhibits protein translation—events that are rescued by leucine supplementation. Through a comprehensive genetic screen, we show that leucine-mediated effect depends on a transfer RNA methyltransferase (NCL1), absence of which decouples transcription and translation in the cell, inhibits the conversion of leucine to ketoisocaproate, and leads to tricarboxylic acid cycle block. We therefore propose a role of NCL1 in regulating metabolic homeostasis through translational control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Bhat
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rahul Chakraborty
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Khushboo Adlakha
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ganesh Agam
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kausik Chakraborty
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shantanu Sengupta
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
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8
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Anti-inflammatory nutrition with high protein attenuates cardiac and skeletal muscle alterations in a pulmonary arterial hypertension model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10160. [PMID: 31308383 PMCID: PMC6629640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by remodelling of the pulmonary arteries and right ventricle (RV), which leads to functional decline of cardiac and skeletal muscle. This study investigated the effects of a multi-targeted nutritional intervention with extra protein, leucine, fish oil and oligosaccharides on cardiac and skeletal muscle in PAH. PAH was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by weekly injections of monocrotaline (MCT) for 8 weeks. Control diet (sham and MCT group) and isocaloric nutritional intervention (MCT + NI) were administered. Compared to sham, MCT mice increased heart weight by 7%, RV thickness by 13% and fibrosis by 60% (all p < 0.05) and these were attenuated in MCT + NI mice. Microarray and qRT-PCR analysis of RV confirmed effects on fibrotic pathways. Skeletal muscle fiber atrophy was induced (P < 0.05) by 22% in MCT compared to sham mice, but prevented in MCT + NI group. Our findings show that a multi-targeted nutritional intervention attenuated detrimental alterations to both cardiac and skeletal muscle in a mouse model of PAH, which provides directions for future therapeutic strategies targeting functional decline of both tissues.
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9
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Madden SK, Flanagan KL, Jones G. How lifestyle factors and their associated pathogenetic mechanisms impact psoriasis. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:1026-1040. [PMID: 31155371 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Psoriasis is a skin disorder affecting approximately 2-3% of the global population. While research has revealed a strong genetic component, there are few studies exploring the extent to which lifestyle factors influence psoriasis pathogenesis. The aim of this review was to describe the role of lifestyle factors as both a potential cause and treatment for psoriasis. The review also examines the underlying mechanisms through which these lifestyle factors may operate. METHODS This narrative review aims to incorporate current knowledge relating to both lifestyle and pathogenetic factors that contribute to and alleviate psoriasis presentation. Studies reporting the effect of an inflammatory diet and potential dietary benefits are reported, as well as insights into the effects of stress, smoking and alcohol, insulin resistance and exercise. RESULTS Poor nutrition and low Omega 3 fatty acid intake, likely combined with fat malabsorption caused by gut dysbiosis and systemic inflammation, are associated with psoriasis. The data strongly suggest that improvements to disease severity can be made through dietary and lifestyle interventions and increased physical activity. Less conclusive, although worthy of mention, is the beneficial effect of bile acid supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle interventions are a promising treatment for psoriasis and its associated co-morbidities. However, gaps and inadequacies exist within the literature, e.g. methodology, absence of a unified scoring system, lack of controlled clinical data and lack of studies without simultaneous usage of biologics or alternative therapies. Future directions should focus on high quality cohort studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonad K Madden
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Australia; School of Health & Biomedical Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia; Infectious Diseases Service, Launceston General Hospital, Australia; Dept. of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Australia
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia
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10
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Fidale TM, Antunes HKM, Roever L, Gonçalves A, Puga GM, Silva RPM, de Resende FN, de Souza FR, Fidale BM, Lizardo FB, Resende ES. Leucine Supplementation Improves Effort Tolerance of Rats With Hyperthyroidism. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1632. [PMID: 30524299 PMCID: PMC6256244 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine is a regulator of protein metabolism in vivo and information on its action on effort tolerance of both animals and humans with hyperthyroidism is scarce. The objective of the present study was to verify the influence of leucine supplementation on the effort tolerance of Wistar rats with experimental hyperthyroidism. 40 animals were divided into four groups of ten: control (C), hormone (H), leucine (L), and hormone + leucine (HL). Hyperthyroidism was induced by daily administration of 20 μ⋅g100 g-1 of levothyroxine sodium in aqueous suspension by gavage. Leucine was supplemented by adding 5% of the amino acid to the conventional feed. The animals’ blood was collected by cardiac puncture to analyze TSH, T4, and T3 levels. The effort tolerance was determined by the swimming test with a 7% load attached to animals’ tails. Statistical analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, followed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of repeated measures of two factors (treatment × time) and Tukey post hoc, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Administering thyroid hormone increased the swimming performance of rats after 14 and 21 days, but with a drop in performance at 28 days. The HL group, on the other hand, had a significantly higher swimming performance compared to the other groups after 28 days of treatment. Leucine supplementation associated with the experimental model of hyperthyroidism improved the performance of rats in a swimming test after 28 days of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Montes Fidale
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,Special Academic Unit of Biotechnology, Federal University of Goiás, Catalão, Brazil.,Post-graduate Science in Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Roever
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,Post-graduate Science in Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,Master Institute of Education, IMEPAC, Araguari, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Morais Puga
- Faculty of Physical Education, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,Post-graduate Science in Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernanda Rodrigues de Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,Post-graduate Science in Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Montes Fidale
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,Post-graduate Science in Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Elmiro Santos Resende
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,Post-graduate Science in Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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11
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Grajeda-Iglesias C, Rom O, Hamoud S, Volkova N, Hayek T, Abu-Saleh N, Aviram M. Leucine supplementation attenuates macrophage foam-cell formation: Studies in humans, mice, and cultured macrophages. Biofactors 2018; 44:245-262. [PMID: 29399895 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Whereas atherogenicity of dietary lipids has been largely studied, relatively little is known about the possible contribution of dietary amino acids to macrophage foam-cell formation, a hallmark of early atherogenesis. Recently, we showed that leucine has antiatherogenic properties in the macrophage model system. In this study, an in-depth investigation of the role of leucine in macrophage lipid metabolism was conducted by supplementing humans, mice, or cultured macrophages with leucine. Macrophage incubation with serum obtained from healthy adults supplemented with leucine (5 g/d, 3 weeks) significantly decreased cellular cholesterol mass by inhibiting the rate of cholesterol biosynthesis and increasing cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Similarly, leucine supplementation to C57BL/6 mice (8 weeks) resulted in decreased cholesterol content in their harvested peritoneal macrophages (MPM) in relation with reduced cholesterol biosynthesis rate. Studies in J774A.1 murine macrophages revealed that leucine dose-dependently decreased cellular cholesterol and triglyceride mass. Macrophages treated with leucine (0.2 mM) showed attenuated uptake of very low-density lipoproteins and triglyceride biosynthesis rate, with a concurrent down-regulation of diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1, a key enzyme catalyzing triglyceride biosynthesis in macrophages. Similar effects were observed when macrophages were treated with α-ketoisocaproate, a key leucine metabolite. Finally, both in vivo and in vitro leucine supplementation significantly improved macrophage mitochondrial respiration and ATP production. The above studies, conducted in human, mice, and cultured macrophages, highlight a protective role for leucine attenuating macrophage foam-cell formation by mechanisms related to the metabolism of cholesterol, triglycerides, and energy production. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(3):245-262, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Grajeda-Iglesias
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shadi Hamoud
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nina Volkova
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tony Hayek
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Niroz Abu-Saleh
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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12
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Fidale TM, Antunes HKM, Alex Dos Santos L, Rodrigues de Souza F, Deconte SR, Borges Rosa de Moura F, Mantovani MM, Alves Duarte PR, Roever L, Resende ES. Increased Dietary Leucine Reduces Doxorubicin-Associated Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats. Front Physiol 2018; 8:1042. [PMID: 29403386 PMCID: PMC5779071 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is one of the most significant adverse effects of the oncologic treatment with doxorubicin, which is responsible for a substantial morbid and mortality. The occurrence of heart failure with ventricular dysfunction may lead to severe cardiomyopathy and ultimately to death. Studies have focused on the effects of leucine supplementation as a strategy to minimize or revert the clinical condition of induced proteolysis by several clinical onsets. However, the impact of leucine supplementation in heart failure induced by doxorubicin is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of leucine supplementation on the cardiotoxicity in the heart of rats treated with doxorubicin. Rats treated with a 7.5 mg/kg cumulative dose of doxorubicin for 14 days presented a dilatation of the left ventricle (LV), and a reduction of the ejection fraction (FE). The 5% supplementation of leucine in the rats' food prevented the malfunctioning of the LV when administered with doxorubicin. Some alterations in the extracellular matrix remodeling were confirmed by the increase of collagen fibers in the doxorubicin group, which did not increase when the treatment was associated with leucine supplementation. Leucine attenuates heart failure in this experimental model with doxorubicin. Such protection is followed by the maintenance of interstitial collagen fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M Fidale
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Hanna K M Antunes
- Department of Bioscience, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Simone R Deconte
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo Roever
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Elmiro S Resende
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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13
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Sun H, Wang Y. Branched chain amino acid metabolic reprogramming in heart failure. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:2270-2275. [PMID: 27639835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic remodeling is a hall-mark of cardiac maturation and pathology. The switch of substrate utilization from glucose to fatty acid is observed during post-natal maturation period in developing heart, but the process is reversed from fatty acids to glucose in the failing hearts across different clinic and experimental models. Majority of the current investigations have been focusing on the regulatory mechanism and functional impact of this metabolic reprogramming involving fatty acids and carbohydrates. Recent progress in metabolomics and transcriptomic analysis, however, revealed another significant remodeled metabolic branch associated with cardiac development and disease, i.e. Branched-Chain Amino Acid (BCAA) catabolism. These findings have established BCAA catabolic deficiency as a novel metabolic feature in failing hearts with potentially significant impact on the progression of pathological remodeling and dysfunction. In this review, we will evaluate the current evidence and potential implication of these discoveries in the context of heart diseases and novel therapies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The role of post-translational protein modifications on heart and vascular metabolism edited by Jason R.B. Dyck & Jan F.C. Glatz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Yibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
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14
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Tanada Y, Shioi T, Kato T, Kawamoto A, Okuda J, Kimura T. Branched-chain amino acids ameliorate heart failure with cardiac cachexia in rats. Life Sci 2015; 137:20-7. [PMID: 26141987 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure (HF) is associated with changes in energy metabolism of the heart, as well as in extra-cardiac organs such as the skeletal muscles. Cardiac cachexia is a common complication and is associated with poor prognosis. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) reportedly improve sarcopenia and cancer cachexia. We tested the hypothesis that BCAA ameliorates HF with cardiac cachexia. MAIN METHODS We used Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats fed a high-salt diet as a model of HF. DS rats fed a low-salt diet were used as a control. BCAA were administered in drinking water from 11weeks of age, when cardiac hypertrophy was established but the cardiac function was preserved. Survival and the cardiac function were monitored, and animals were sacrificed at 21weeks of age and analyzed. KEY FINDINGS In HF rats, BCAA treatment decreased the heart rate, preserved the cardiac function, and prolonged survival. BCAA also prevented body weight loss, associated with preservation of the skeletal muscle weight. Moreover, gene expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis and function was increased with BCAA in skeletal muscles. SIGNIFICANCE BCAA preserved the body weight and cardiac function and prolonged survival in HF rats. The expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function in skeletal muscles was increased by BCAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Tanada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shioi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Takao Kato
- Cardiovascular Center, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, 2-4-20 Ohgimachi, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
| | - Akira Kawamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Junji Okuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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15
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Impact of leucine supplementation on exercise training induced anti-cardiac remodeling effect in heart failure mice. Nutrients 2015; 7:3751-66. [PMID: 25988767 PMCID: PMC4446777 DOI: 10.3390/nu7053751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine supplementation potentiates the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET) on skeletal muscle; however, its potential effects associated with AET on cardiac muscle have not been clarified yet. We tested whether leucine supplementation would potentiate the anti-cardiac remodeling effect of AET in a genetic model of sympathetic hyperactivity-induced heart failure in mice (α2A/α2CARKO). Mice were assigned to five groups: wild type mice treated with placebo and sedentary (WT, n = 11), α2A/α2CARKO treated with placebo and sedentary (KO, n = 9), α2A/α2CARKO treated with leucine and sedentary (KOL, n = 11), α2A/α2CARKO treated with placebo and AET (KOT, n = 12) or α2A/α2CARKO treated with leucine and AET (KOLT, n = 12). AET consisted of four weeks on a treadmill with 60 min sessions (six days/week, 60% of maximal speed) and administration by gavage of leucine (1.35 g/kg/day) or placebo (distilled water). The AET significantly improved exercise capacity, fractional shortening and re-established cardiomyocytes' diameter and collagen fraction in KOT. Additionally, AET significantly prevented the proteasome hyperactivity, increased misfolded proteins and HSP27 expression. Isolated leucine supplementation displayed no effect on cardiac function and structure (KOL), however, when associated with AET (KOLT), it increased exercise tolerance to a higher degree than isolated AET (KOT) despite no additional effects on AET induced anti-cardiac remodeling. Our results provide evidence for the modest impact of leucine supplementation on cardiac structure and function in exercised heart failure mice. Leucine supplementation potentiated AET effects on exercise tolerance, which might be related to its recognized impact on skeletal muscle.
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16
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Nemutlu E, Zhang S, Xu YZ, Terzic A, Zhong L, Dzeja PD, Cha YM. Cardiac resynchronization therapy induces adaptive metabolic transitions in the metabolomic profile of heart failure. J Card Fail 2015; 21:460-9. [PMID: 25911126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is associated with ventricular dyssynchrony and energetic inefficiency, which can be alleviated by cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The aim of this study was to determine the metabolomic signature in HF and its prognostic value regarding the response to CRT. METHODS AND RESULTS This prospective study consisted of 24 patients undergoing CRT for advanced HF and 10 control patients who underwent catheter ablation for supraventricular arrhythmia but not CRT. Blood samples were collected before and 3 months after CRT. Metabolomic profiling of plasma samples was performed with the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The plasma metabolomic profile was altered in the HF patients, with a distinct panel of metabolites, including Krebs cycle and lipid, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism. CRT improved the metabolomic profile. The succinate-glutamate ratio, an index of Krebs cycle activity, improved from 0.58 ± 0.13 to 2.84 ± 0.60 (P < .05). The glucose-palmitate ratio, an indicator of the balance between glycolytic and fatty acid metabolism, increased from 0.96 ± 0.05 to 1.54 ± 0.09 (P < .01). Compared with nonresponders to CRT, responders had a distinct baseline plasma metabolomic profile, including higher isoleucine, phenylalanine, leucine, glucose, and valine levels and lower glutamate levels at baseline (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS CRT improves the plasma metabolomic profile of HF patients, indicating harmonization of myocardial energy substrate metabolism. CRT responders may have a favorable metabolomic profile as a potential biomarker for predicting CRT outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emirhan Nemutlu
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Song Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yi-Zhou Xu
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andre Terzic
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Li Zhong
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Petras D Dzeja
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yong-Mei Cha
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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