1
|
Gao W, Wang Y, Liu S, Li G, Shao Q, Zhang C, Cao L, Liu K, Gao W, Yang Z, Dong Y, Du X, Lei L, Liu G, Li X. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1α and c-Jun N-terminal kinase axis activation contributes to intracellular lipid accumulation in calf hepatocytes. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3127-3139. [PMID: 37939835 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
During the perinatal period, dairy cows undergo negative energy balance, resulting in elevated circulating levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Although increased blood NEFA concentrations are a physiological adaptation of early lactation, excessive NEFA in dairy cows is a major cause of fatty liver. Aberrant lipid metabolism leads to hepatic lipid accumulation and subsequently the development of fatty liver. Both inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) have been validated for their association with hepatic lipid accumulation, including their regulatory functions in calf hepatocyte insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Meanwhile, both IRE1α and JNK are involved in lipid metabolism in nonruminants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate how IRE1α and JNK regulate lipid metabolism in bovine hepatocytes. An experiment was conducted on randomly selected 10 healthy cows (hepatic triglyceride [TG] content <1%) and 10 cows with fatty liver (hepatic TG content >5%). Liver tissue and blood samples were collected from experimental cows. Serum concentrations of NEFA and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) were greater, whereas serum concentrations of glucose and milk production were lower in cows with fatty liver. The western blot results revealed that dairy cows with fatty liver had higher phosphorylation levels of JNK, c-Jun, and IRE1α in the liver tissue. Three in vitro experiments were conducted using primary calf hepatocytes isolated from 5 healthy calves (body weight: 30-40 kg; 1 d old). First, hepatocytes were treated with NEFA (1.2 mM) for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, or 12 h, which showed that the phosphorylated levels of JNK, c-Jun, and IRE1α increased in both linear and quadratic effects. In the second experiment, hepatocytes were treated with high concentrations of NEFA (1.2 mM) for 12 h with or without SP600125, a canonical inhibitor of JNK. Western blot results showed that SP600125 treatment could decrease the expression of lipogenesis-associated proteins (PPARγ and SREBP-1c) and increase the expression of fatty acid oxidation (FAO)-associated proteins (CPT1A and PPARα) in NEFA-treated hepatocytes. The perturbed expression of lipogenesis-associated genes (FASN, ACACA, and CD36) and FAO-associated gene ACOX1 were also recovered by JNK inhibition, indicating that JNK reduced excessive NEFA-induced lipogenesis and FAO dysregulation in calf hepatocytes. Third, short hairpin RNA targeting IRE1α (sh-IRE1α) was transfected into calf hepatocytes to silence IRE1α, and KIRA6 was used to inhibit the kinase activity of IRE1α. The blockage of IRE1α could at least partially suppressed NEFA-induced JNK activation. Moreover, the blockage of IRE1α downregulated the expression of lipogenesis genes and upregulated the expression of FAO genes in NEFA-treated hepatocytes. In conclusion, these findings indicate that targeting the IRE1α-JNK axis can reduce NEFA-induced lipid accumulation in bovine hepatocytes by modulating lipogenesis and FAO. This may offer a prospective therapeutic target for fatty liver in dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yanxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Guojin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qi Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Liguang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenrui Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yifei Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lin Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Crewe C. Energetic Stress-Induced Metabolic Regulation by Extracellular Vesicles. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:5051-5068. [PMID: 37358503 PMCID: PMC10414774 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c230001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve powerful and complex functions in metabolic regulation and metabolic-associated disease, although this field of research is still in its infancy. EVs are released into the extracellular space from all cells and carry a wide range of cargo including miRNAs, mRNA, DNA, proteins, and metabolites that have robust signaling effects in receiving cells. EV production is stimulated by all major stress pathways and, as such, has a role in both restoring homeostasis during stress and perpetuating disease. In metabolic regulation, the dominant stress signal is a lack of energy due to either nutrient deficits or damaged mitochondria from nutrient excess. This stress signal is termed "energetic stress," which triggers a robust and evolutionarily conserved response that engages major cellular stress pathways, the ER unfolded protein response, the hypoxia response, the antioxidant response, and autophagy. This article proposes the model that energetic stress is the dominant stimulator of EV release with a focus on metabolically important cells such as hepatocytes, adipocytes, myocytes, and pancreatic β-cells. Furthermore, this article will discuss how the cargo in stress-stimulated EVs regulates metabolism in receiving cells in both beneficial and detrimental ways. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:5051-5068, 2023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clair Crewe
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Du J, Zhang J, Xiang X, Xu D, Cui K, Mai K, Ai Q. Activation of farnesoid X receptor suppresses ER stress and inflammation via the YY1/NCK1/PERK pathway in large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea). Front Nutr 2022; 9:1024631. [PMID: 36505250 PMCID: PMC9731767 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1024631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Unfolded protein responses from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have been implicated in inflammatory signaling. The vicious cycle of ER stress and inflammation makes regulation even more difficult. This study examined effects of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in ER-stress regulation in large yellow croakers. The soybean-oil-diet-induced expression of ER stress markers was decreased in fish with FXR activated. In croaker macrophages, FXR activation or overexpression significantly reduced inflammation and ER stress caused by tunicamycin (TM), which was exacerbated by FXR knockdown. Further investigation showed that the TM-induced phosphorylation of PERK and EIF2α was inhibited by the overexpression of croaker FXR, and it was increased by FXR knockdown. Croaker NCK1 was then confirmed to be a regulator of PERK, and its expression in macrophages is increased by FXR overexpression and decreased by FXR knockdown. The promoter activity of croaker NCK1 was inhibited by yin-yang 1 (YY1). Furthermore, the results show that croaker FXR overexpression could suppress the P65-induced promoter activity of YY1 in HEK293t cells and decrease the TM-induced expression of yy1 in macrophages. These results indicate that FXR could suppress P65-induced yy1 expression and then increase NCK1 expression, thereby inhibiting the PERK pathway. This study may benefit the understanding of ER stress regulation in fish, demonstrating that FXR can be used in large yellow croakers as an effective target for regulating ER stress and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Du
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Junzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Qinghui Ai
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Böttcher-Loschinski R, Rial Saborido J, Böttcher M, Kahlfuss S, Mougiakakos D. Lipotoxicity as a Barrier for T Cell-Based Therapies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091182. [PMID: 36139021 PMCID: PMC9496045 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, T-cell-based approaches play an increasing role in cancer treatment. In particular, the use of (genetically engineered) T-cells has heralded a novel era for various diseases with previously poor outcomes. Concurrently, the relationship between the functional behavior of immune cells and their metabolic state, known as immunometabolism, has been found to be an important determinant for the success of immunotherapy. In this context, immune cell metabolism is not only controlled by the expression of transcription factors, enzymes and transport proteins but also by nutrient availability and the presence of intermediate metabolites. The lack of as well as an oversupply of nutrients can be detrimental and lead to cellular dysfunction and damage, potentially resulting in reduced metabolic fitness and/or cell death. This review focusses on the detrimental effects of excessive exposure of T cells to fatty acids, known as lipotoxicity, in the context of an altered lipid tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, implications of T cell-related lipotoxicity for immunotherapy will be discussed, as well as potential therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romy Böttcher-Loschinski
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Judit Rial Saborido
- Medical Department 5–Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kahlfuss
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- CHaMP, Center for Health and Medical Prevention, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Department 5–Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lipke K, Kubis-Kubiak A, Piwowar A. Molecular Mechanism of Lipotoxicity as an Interesting Aspect in the Development of Pathological States-Current View of Knowledge. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050844. [PMID: 35269467 PMCID: PMC8909283 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) play numerous vital roles in the organism, such as contribution to energy generation and reserve, serving as an essential component of the cell membrane, or as ligands for nuclear receptors. However, the disturbance in fatty acid homeostasis, such as inefficient metabolism or intensified release from the site of storage, may result in increased serum FFA levels and eventually result in ectopic fat deposition, which is unfavorable for the organism. The cells are adjusted for the accumulation of FFA to a limited extent and so prolonged exposure to elevated FFA levels results in deleterious effects referred to as lipotoxicity. Lipotoxicity contributes to the development of diseases such as insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and inflammation. The nonobvious organs recognized as the main lipotoxic goal of action are the pancreas, liver, skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle, and kidneys. However, lipotoxic effects to a significant extent are not organ-specific but affect fundamental cellular processes occurring in most cells. Therefore, the wider perception of cellular lipotoxic mechanisms and their interrelation may be beneficial for a better understanding of various diseases’ pathogenesis and seeking new pharmacological treatment approaches.
Collapse
|
6
|
Eastman AJ, Moore RE, Townsend SD, Gaddy JA, Aronoff DM. The Influence of Obesity and Associated Fatty Acids on Placental Inflammation. Clin Ther 2021; 43:265-278. [PMID: 33487441 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Maternal obesity, affecting nearly 1 in 4 pregnancies, is associated with increased circulating saturated fatty acids, such as palmitate. These fatty acids are implicated in placental inflammation, which may in turn exacerbate both maternal-fetal tolerance and responses to pathogens, such as group B Streptococcus. In this review, we address the question, "How do obesity and associated fatty acids influence placental inflammation?" METHODS In this narrative review, we searched PubMed and Google Scholar using combinations of the key words placental inflammation or pregnancy and lipids, fatty acids, obesity, palmitate, or other closely related search terms. We also used references found within these articles that may have been absent from our original search queries. We analyzed methods and key results of these articles to compare and contrast their findings, which were occasionally at odds with each other. FINDINGS Although obesity can be studied as a whole, complex phenomena with in vivo mouse models and human samples from patients with obesity, in vitro modeling often relies on the treatment of cells or tissues with ≥1 fatty acids and occasionally other compounds (eg, glucose and insulin). We found that palmitate, most commonly used in vitro to recreate hallmarks of obesity, induces apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy defects, and inflammasome activation in many placental cell types. We compare this to in vivo models of obesity wherever possible. We found that obesity as a whole may have more complex regulation of these phenomena (apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy defects, and inflammasome activation) compared with in vitro models of fatty acid treatment (primarily palmitate) because of the presence of unsaturated fatty acids (ie, oleate), which may have anti-inflammatory effects. IMPLICATIONS The interaction of unsaturated fatty acids with saturated fatty acids may ameliorate many inflammatory effects of saturated fatty acids alone, which complicates interpretation of in vitro studies that focus on a particular fatty acid in isolation. This complication may explain why certain studies of obesity in vivo have differing outcomes from studies of specific fatty acids in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Eastman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca E Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David M Aronoff
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The GLP-1R agonist liraglutide limits hepatic lipotoxicity and inflammatory response in mice fed a methionine-choline deficient diet. Transl Res 2021; 227:75-88. [PMID: 32711187 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common hepatic disorder related to type 2 diabetes (T2D). The disease can evolve toward nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a state of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. There is presently no drug that effectively improves and/or prevents NAFLD/NASH/fibrosis. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1Ra) are effective in treating T2D. As with the endogenous gut incretins, GLP-1Ra potentiate glucose-induced insulin secretion. In addition, GLP-1Ra limit food intake and weight gain, additional beneficial properties in the context of obesity/insulin-resistance. Nevertheless, these pleiotropic effects of GLP-1Ra complicate the elucidation of their direct action on the liver. In the present study, we used the classical methionine-choline deficient (MCD) dietary model to investigate the potential direct hepatic actions of the GLP-1Ra liraglutide. A 4-week infusion of liraglutide (570 µg/kg/day) did not impact body weight, fat accretion or glycemic control in MCD-diet fed mice, confirming the suitability of this model for avoiding confounding factors. Liraglutide treatment did not prevent lipid deposition in the liver of MCD-fed mice but limited the accumulation of C16 and C24-ceramide/sphingomyelin species. In addition, liraglutide treatment alleviated hepatic inflammation (in particular accumulation of M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages) and initiation of fibrosis. Liraglutide also influenced the composition of gut microbiota induced by the MCD-diet. This included recovery of a normal Bacteroides proportion and, among the Erysipelotrichaceae family, a shift between Allobaculum and Turicibacter genera. In conclusion, liraglutide prevents accumulation of C16 and C24-ceramides/sphingomyelins species, inflammation and initiation of fibrosis in MCD-diet-fed mice liver, suggesting beneficial hepatic actions independent of weight loss and global hepatic steatosis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Differential effects of olive oil, soybean oil, corn oil and lard oil on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:BSR20191913. [PMID: 31481526 PMCID: PMC6822505 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive oil could attenuate carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver fibrosis (LF) in mouse model. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of other common oils on CCl4 induced LF. Healthy male ICR mice were administered with CCl4 intraperitoneally at 2.5 ml/kg twice a week for total 3 weeks. Mice were pre-treated with olive oil, soybean oil, corn oil or lard oil. After treatment, histopathological changes were observed using Masson trichrome staining, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydroxyproline (HYP) and triglyceride (TG) were measured by commercial kits. The expression of LF related genes was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. We found that soybean oil or olive oil significantly reduced ALT and AST levels in serum, and MDA, HYP and TG levels in the liver, compared with corn oil or lard oil. Moreover, Masson trichrome staining and real-time PCR showed that the mice treated with CCl4 dissolved in soybean oil or olive oil had less fibrosis and apoptosis in the liver comparted to the mice treated with CCl4 dissolved in corn oil or lard oil. In conclusion, soybean oil but not corn or lard oil exerts protective effects against CCl4 induced LF in mice, possibly due to its antioxidant activity.
Collapse
|
9
|
Hasenour CM, Kennedy AJ, Bednarski T, Trenary IA, Eudy BJ, da Silva RP, Boyd KL, Young JD. Vitamin E does not prevent Western diet-induced NASH progression and increases metabolic flux dysregulation in mice. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:707-721. [PMID: 32086244 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver involves ectopic lipid accumulation and dysregulated hepatic oxidative metabolism, which can progress to a state of elevated inflammation and fibrosis referred to as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The factors that control progression from simple steatosis to NASH are not fully known. Here, we tested the hypothesis that dietary vitamin E (VitE) supplementation would prevent NASH progression and associated metabolic alterations induced by a Western diet (WD). Hyperphagic melanocortin-4 receptor-deficient (MC4R-/-) mice were fed chow, chow+VitE, WD, or WD+VitE starting at 8 or 20 weeks of age. All groups exhibited extensive hepatic steatosis by the end of the study (28 weeks of age). WD feeding exacerbated liver disease severity without inducing proportional changes in liver triglycerides. Eight weeks of WD accelerated liver pyruvate cycling, and 20 weeks of WD extensively upregulated liver glucose and oxidative metabolism assessed by 2H/13C flux analysis. VitE supplementation failed to reduce the histological features of NASH. Rather, WD+VitE increased the abundance and saturation of liver ceramides and accelerated metabolic flux dysregulation compared with 8 weeks of WD alone. In summary, VitE did not limit NASH pathogenesis in genetically obese mice, but instead increased some indicators of metabolic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clinton M Hasenour
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Arion J Kennedy
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Tomasz Bednarski
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Irina A Trenary
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Brandon J Eudy
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Robin P da Silva
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jamey D Young
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN. mailto:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou H, Urso CJ, Jadeja V. Saturated Fatty Acids in Obesity-Associated Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:1-14. [PMID: 32021375 PMCID: PMC6954080 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s229691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of various pathological conditions including insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Central to these conditions is obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation in many tissues including adipose, liver, muscle, kidney, pancreas, and brain. There is increasing evidence that saturated fatty acids (SFAs) increase the phosphorylation of MAPKs, enhance the activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and elevate the expression of inflammatory genes. This paper focuses on the mechanisms by which SFAs induce inflammation. SFAs may induce the expression inflammatory genes via different pathways including toll-like receptor (TLR), protein kinase C (PKC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. These findings suggest that SFAs act as an important link between obesity and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heping Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - C J Urso
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - Viren Jadeja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kolomiytseva IK, Perepelkina NI. Fatty Acids of the Liver and the Blood Plasma During the Hibernation of the Yakutian Ground Squirrel Spermophilus undulatus. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350919050105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
12
|
Zhu Y, Guan Y, Loor JJ, Sha X, Coleman DN, Zhang C, Du X, Shi Z, Li X, Wang Z, Liu G, Li X. Fatty acid-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress promoted lipid accumulation in calf hepatocytes, and endoplasmic reticulum stress existed in the liver of severe fatty liver cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:7359-7370. [PMID: 31155263 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, often termed ER stress, is intrinsically linked with perturbation of lipid metabolism in humans and mice. Whether ER homeostasis is affected in cows experiencing fatty liver is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of ER stress in hepatic lipid accumulation in calf hepatocytes and ER stress status in dairy cows with severe fatty liver. In vitro experiments were conducted in which hepatocytes were isolated from calves and treated with different concentrations of fatty acids, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA; a canonical inhibitor of ER stress), or both. The increase in phosphorylation level of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) and inositol requiring protein-1α (IRE1α) proteins, and the cleavage of activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6) protein in response to increasing doses of fatty acids (which were reversed by TUDCA treatment) in primary hepatocytes underscored a mechanistic link between fatty acids and ER stress. In addition, fatty acid treatment increased the abundance of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α, fatty acid synthase, and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, and lipid accumulation in calf primary hepatocytes, whereas inhibition of ER stress by incubating with TUDCA significantly weakened these effects. Overall, results in vitro indicate that inhibition of ER stress in calf hepatocytes alleviates fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation by downregulating the expression of lipogenic genes. In vivo experiments, liver and blood samples were collected from cows diagnosed as healthy (n = 15) or with severe fatty liver (n = 15). The phosphorylation level of PERK and IRE1α, the cleavage of ATF6 protein, and the abundance of several unfolded protein response genes (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein, AMP-dependent transcription factor 4, and spliced X-box binding protein 1) were greater in liver of cows with severe fatty liver. The present in vivo study confirms the occurrence of ER stress in dairy cows with severe fatty liver. Considering the causative role of fatty acid-induced ER stress in hepatic lipid accumulation in calf hepatocytes, the existence of ER stress in the liver of severe fatty liver cows may presage its participation in fatty liver progression in dairy cows. However, the mechanistic relationship between ER stress and fatty liver in dairy cows remain to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Yuan Guan
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Xueying Sha
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Danielle N Coleman
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Cai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Zhen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Syzygium cumini Leaf Extract Reverts Hypertriglyceridemia via Downregulation of the Hepatic XBP-1s/PDI/MTP Axis in Monosodium L-Glutamate-Induced Obese Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9417498. [PMID: 31015892 PMCID: PMC6446099 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9417498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Syzygium cumini is used worldwide for the treatment of metabolic syndrome-associated outcomes. Previously, we described the antihypertriglyceridemic effect of the hydroethanolic extract of S. cumini leaf (HESc) in monosodium L-glutamate- (MSG-) induced obese rats. This study sought to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the antihypertriglyceridemic effect of HESc in MSG-obese rats. Newborn male Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with MSG (4.0 g/kg/day, obese group) or saline 1.25% (1.0 mL/kg/day, lean group), from 2nd through 10th postnatal day. At 8 weeks old, obese rats started to be orally treated with HESc (0.5 or 1.0 g/kg/day, n = 7) or saline 0.9% (1 mL/kg/day, n = 7). Lean rats received saline solution (1 mL/kg/day, n = 7). Upon 8-week treatment, animals were euthanized for blood and tissue collection. Another set of adult nonobese Wistar rats was used for the assessment of HESc acute effects on Triton WR1339-induced hypertriglyceridemia. HESc reduced weight gain, as well as adipose tissue fat pads, without altering food intake of obese rats. HESc restored fasting serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and free fatty acids, as well as insulin sensitivity, to levels similar to lean rats. Additionally, HESc halved the triglyceride content into very low-density lipoprotein particles, as well as healed liver steatosis, in obese rats. Hepatic protein expression of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP94 was decreased by HESc, which also downregulated the hepatic triglyceride secretion pathway by reducing the splicing of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1s), as well as protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) translational levels. This action was further corroborated by the acute inhibitory effect of HESc on triglyceride accumulation on Triton WR1339-treated rats. Our data support the downregulation of the XBP-1s/PDI/MTP axis in the liver of MSG-obese rats as a novel feasible mechanism for the antihypertriglyceridemic effect promoted by the polyphenolic phytocomplex present in S. cumini leaf.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang X, Shao S, Zhao L, Yang R, Zhao M, Fang L, Li M, Chen W, Song Y, Xu C, Zhou X, Zhao J, Gao L. ER stress contributes to high-fat diet-induced decrease of thyroglobulin and hypothyroidism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E510-E518. [PMID: 30620634 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00194.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies revealed the emerging role of excess uptake of lipids in the development of hypothyroidism. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. We investigated the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) on thyroid function and the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in HFD-induced hypothyroidism. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with HFD or control diet for 18 wk. HFD rats showed an impaired thyroid function, with decreased thyroglobulin (Tg) level. We found the ER stress was triggered in HFD rat thyroid glands and palmitate-treated thyrocytes. Luminal swelling of ER in thyroid epithelial cells of HFD rats was also observed. The rate of Tg degradation increased in palmitate-treated thyrocytes. In addition, applying 4-phenyl butyric acid to alleviate ER stress in HFD rats improved the decrease of Tg and thyroid function. Withdrawal of the HFD improved thyroid function . In conclusion, we demonstrate that ER stress mediates the HFD-induced hypothyroidism, probably by impairing the production of Tg, and attenuation of ER stress improves thyroid function. Our study provides the understanding of how HFD induces hypothyroidism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Shandong , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Shandong , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Shandong , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Rui Yang
- Experimental Animal Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Shandong , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Li Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Shandong , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Mengzhu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Shandong , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Shandong , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Shandong , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Shandong , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Shandong , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Ling Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Uchida Y, Masui T, Nakano K, Yogo A, Sato A, Nagai K, Anazawa T, Takaori K, Tabata Y, Uemoto S. Clinical and experimental studies of intraperitoneal lipolysis and the development of clinically relevant pancreatic fistula after pancreatic surgery. Br J Surg 2019; 106:616-625. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Visceral obesity is one of the risk factors for clinically relevant pancreatic fistula after pancreatic resection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of intraperitoneal lipolysis on postoperative pancreatic fistula.
Methods
The degree of intraperitoneal lipolysis was investigated by measuring the free fatty acid concentration in drain discharge in patients after pancreatic resection. An experimental pancreatic fistula model was prepared by pancreatic transection, and the impact of intraperitoneal lipolysis was evaluated by intraperitoneal administration of triolein (triglyceride) with, or without orlistat (lipase inhibitor).
Results
Thirty-three patients were included in the analysis. The free fatty acid concentration in drain discharge on postoperative day 1 was significantly associated with the development of a clinically relevant pancreatic fistula (P = 0·004). A higher free fatty acid concentration in drain discharge was associated with more visceral adipose tissue (P = 0·009). In the experimental model that included 98 rats, intraperitoneal lipolysis caused an increased amount of pancreatic juice leakage and multiple organ dysfunction. Intraperitoneal administration of a lipase inhibitor reduced lipolysis and prevented deterioration of the fistula.
Conclusion
Intraperitoneal lipolysis significantly exacerbates pancreatic fistula after pancreatic resection. Inhibition of lipolysis by intraperitoneal administration of a lipase inhibitor could be a promising therapy to reduce clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Uchida
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Masui
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Nakano
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Yogo
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Sato
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Nagai
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Anazawa
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Takaori
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Tabata
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Uemoto
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Stojanovska V, Sharma N, Dijkstra DJ, Scherjon SA, Jäger A, Schorle H, Plösch T. Placental insufficiency contributes to fatty acid metabolism alterations in aged female mouse offspring. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R1107-R1114. [PMID: 30207754 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00420.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an accepted risk factor for metabolic disorders in later life, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. The level of metabolic dysregulation can vary between subjects and is dependent on the severity and the type of IUGR insult. Classical IUGR animal models involve nutritional deprivation of the mother or uterine artery ligation. The latter aims to mimic a placental insufficiency, which is the most frequent cause of IUGR. In this study, we investigated whether IUGR attributable to placental insufficiency impacts the glucose and lipid homeostasis at advanced age. Placental insufficiency was achieved by deletion of the transcription factor AP-2y ( Tfap2c), which serves as one of the major trophoblast differentiation regulators. TdelT-IUGR mice were obtained by crossing mice with a floxed Tfap2c allele and mice with Cre recombinase under the control of the Tpbpa promoter. In advanced adulthood (9-12 mo), female and male IUGR mice are respectively 20% and 12% leaner compared with controls. At this age, IUGR mice have unaffected glucose clearance and lipid parameters (cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids) in the liver. However, female IUGR mice have increased plasma free fatty acids (+87%) compared with controls. This is accompanied by increased mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers in white adipose tissue. Taken together, our results suggest that IUGR by placental insufficiency may lead to higher lipogenesis in female mice in advanced adulthood, at least indicated by greater Fasn expression. This effect was sex specific for the aged IUGR females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Stojanovska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Bonn University Medical School , Bonn , Germany
| | - Dorieke J Dijkstra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Sicco A Scherjon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Jäger
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Bonn University Medical School , Bonn , Germany
| | - Hubert Schorle
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Bonn University Medical School , Bonn , Germany
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu Z, Yang F, Jiang S, Sun X, Xu J. Induction of Liver Steatosis in BAP31-Deficient Mice Burdened with Tunicamycin-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082291. [PMID: 30081561 PMCID: PMC6121476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is highly associated with liver steatosis. B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 (BAP31) has been reported to be involved in ER homeostasis, and plays key roles in hepatic lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. However, whether BAP31 modulates hepatic lipid metabolism via regulating ER stress is still uncertain. In this study, wild-type and liver-specific BAP31-depleted mice were administrated with ER stress activator of Tunicamycin, the markers of ER stress, liver steatosis, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were determined. BAP31 deficiency increased Tunicamycin-induced hepatic lipid accumulation, aggravated liver dysfunction, and increased the mRNA levels of ER stress markers, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), inositol-requiring protein-1α (IRE1α) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), thus promoting ER stress in vivo and in vitro. Hepatic lipid export via very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion was impaired in BAP31-depleted mice, accompanied by reduced Apolipoprotein B (APOB) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) expression. Exogenous lipid clearance was also inhibited, along with impaired gene expression related to fatty acid transportation and fatty acid β-oxidation. Finally, BAP31 deficiency increased Tunicamycin-induced hepatic inflammatory response. These results demonstrate that BAP31 deficiency increased Tunicamycin-induced ER stress, impaired VLDL secretion and exogenous lipid clearance, and reduced fatty acid β-oxidation, which eventually resulted in liver steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
| | - Shan Jiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
| | - Jialin Xu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Skrzypski M, Billert M, Nowak KW, Strowski MZ. The role of orexin in controlling the activity of the adipo-pancreatic axis. J Endocrinol 2018; 238:R95-R108. [PMID: 29848609 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Orexin A and B are two neuropeptides, which regulate a variety of physiological functions by interacting with central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Biological effects of orexins are mediated through two G-protein-coupled receptors (OXR1 and OXR2). In addition to their strong influence on the sleep-wake cycle, there is growing evidence that orexins regulate body weight, glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, orexins promote energy expenditure and protect against obesity by interacting with brown adipocytes. Fat tissue and the endocrine pancreas play pivotal roles in maintaining energy homeostasis. Since both organs are crucially important in the context of pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of orexins and their receptors in controlling adipocytes as well as the endocrine pancreatic functions. Particularly, we discuss studies evaluating the effects of orexins in controlling brown and white adipocytes as well as pancreatic alpha and beta cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Skrzypski
- Department of Animal Physiology and BiochemistryPoznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - M Billert
- Department of Animal Physiology and BiochemistryPoznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - K W Nowak
- Department of Animal Physiology and BiochemistryPoznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - M Z Strowski
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology & The Interdisciplinary Centre of Metabolism: EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Park-Klinik WeissenseeInternal Medicine - Gastroenterology, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shibasaki Y, Horikawa M, Ikegami K, Kiuchi R, Takeda M, Hiraide T, Morita Y, Konno H, Takeuchi H, Setou M, Sakaguchi T. Stearate-to-palmitate ratio modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell apoptosis in non-B non-C hepatoma cells. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1110-1120. [PMID: 29427339 PMCID: PMC5891190 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without viral infection, namely, NHCC, is a major public health issue worldwide. NHCC is frequently derived from non‐alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, which exhibit dysregulated fatty acid (FA) metabolism. This raises the possibility that NHCC evolves intracellular machineries to adapt to dysregulated FA metabolism. We herein aim to identify NHCC‐specifically altered FA and key molecules to achieve the adaptation. To analyze FA, imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) was performed on 15 HCC specimens. The composition of saturated FA (SFA) in NHCC was altered from that in typical HCC. The stearate‐to‐palmitate ratio (SPR) was significantly increased in NHCC. Associated with the SPR increase, the ELOVL6 protein level was upregulated in NHCC. The knockdown of ELOVL6 reduced SPR, and enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress, inducing apoptosis of Huh7 and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, NHCC appears to adapt to an FA‐rich environment by modulating SPR through ELOVL6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Shibasaki
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Horikawa
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Ikegami
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryota Kiuchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Hiraide
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Morita
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Sakaguchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Insulin Resistance, Obesity and Lipotoxicity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:277-304. [PMID: 28585204 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipotoxicity , originally used to describe the destructive effects of excess fat accumulation on glucose metabolism, causes functional impairments in several metabolic pathways, both in adipose tissue and peripheral organs, like liver, heart, pancreas and muscle. Lipotoxicity has roles in insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. Increased circulating levels of lipids and the metabolic alterations in fatty acid utilization and intracellular signaling, have been related to insulin resistance in muscle and liver. Different pathways, like novel protein kinase c pathways and the JNK-1 pathway are involved as the mechanisms of how lipotoxicity leads to insulin resistance in nonadipose tissue organs, such as liver and muscle. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, through mainly increased oxidative stress, also plays important role in the etiology of insulin resistance, especially seen in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Visceral adiposity and insulin resistance both increase the cardiometabolic risk and lipotoxicity seems to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of these associations.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hou Y, Wang X, Ping J, Lei Z, Gao Y, Ma Z, Jia C, Zhang Z, Li X, Jin M, Li X, Suo C, Zhang Y, Su J. Metabonomics Approach to Assessing the Modulatory Effects of Kisspeptin-10 on Liver Injury Induced by Heat Stress in Rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7020. [PMID: 28765538 PMCID: PMC5539146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of Kisspeptin on heat-induced oxidative stress in rats were investigated by using a combination of biochemical parameters and metabonomics. Metabonomic analyses were performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in conjunction with multivariate and univariate statistical analyses. At the end point of the heat stress experiment, histological observation, ultrastructural analysis and biochemical parameters were measured. Metabonomic analysis of liver tissue revealed that Kisspeptin mainly attenuated the alteration of purine metabolism and fatty acid metabolism pathways. Futhermore, Kisspeptin also increased the levels of GSH, T-AOC as well as SOD activities, and upregulated MDA levels. These results provide important mechanistic insights into the protective effects of Kisspeptin against heat-induced oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jihui Ping
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhihai Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yingdong Gao
- Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 320100, China
| | - Zhiyu Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Cuicui Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mengmeng Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chuan Suo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Juan Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liao K, Yan J, Li S, Wang T, Xu W, Mai K, Ai Q. Molecular cloning and characterization of unfolded protein response genes from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and their expression in response to dietary fatty acids. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 203:53-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
23
|
Oh YT, Oh HH, Nguyen AK, Choi CS, Youn JH. Circulating free fatty acids inhibit food intake in an oleate-specific manner in rats. Physiol Behav 2016; 167:194-201. [PMID: 27654062 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous rodent studies showed that when injected into the brain, free fatty acids (FFAs) reduced food intake in an oleate-specific manner. The present study was performed to test whether food intake is regulated by circulating FFAs in an oleate-specific manner. Male Wistar rats received an intravenous infusion of olive, safflower, or coconut oil (100mg/h), together with heparin, to raise circulating oleate, linoleate, or palmitate, respectively, and their effects on overnight food intake were evaluated. Compared to other oils, olive oil infusion showed a significantly greater effect to reduce food intake (P<0.01). Total caloric intake, the sum of the calories from the diet and infused oil, was significantly reduced with olive oil (P<0.01) but not with coconut or safflower oil infusion, suggesting an oleate-specific effect on caloric intake. To further test this idea, different groups of rats received an intravenous infusion of oleate, linoleate, or octanoate (0.5mg/h). Oleate infusion decreased overnight food intake by 26% (P<0.001), but no significant effect was seen with linoleate, octanoate, or vehicle infusion (P>0.05). The effects of olive oil or oleate infusion could not be explained by changes in plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, or total FFA levels. The olive oil effect on food intake was not reduced in vagotomized rats, suggesting that oleate sensing may not involve peripheral sensors. In contrast, olive oil's effect was attenuated in high-fat-fed rats, suggesting that this effect is regulated (or impaired) under physiological (or pathological) conditions. Taken together, the present study provides evidence that circulating oleate is sensed by the brain differentially from other FFAs to control feeding in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Taek Oh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hyun Hee Oh
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh-Khoi Nguyen
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang H Youn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pagliassotti MJ, Kim PY, Estrada AL, Stewart CM, Gentile CL. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in obesity and obesity-related disorders: An expanded view. Metabolism 2016; 65:1238-46. [PMID: 27506731 PMCID: PMC4980576 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is most notable for its central roles in calcium ion storage, lipid biosynthesis, and protein sorting and processing. By virtue of its extensive membrane contact sites that connect the ER to most other organelles and to the plasma membrane, the ER can also regulate diverse cellular processes including inflammatory and insulin signaling, nutrient metabolism, and cell proliferation and death via a signaling pathway called the unfolded protein response (UPR). Chronic UPR activation has been observed in liver and/or adipose tissue of dietary and genetic murine models of obesity, and in human obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Activation of the UPR in obesity and obesity-related disorders likely has two origins. One linked to classic ER stress involving the ER lumen and one linked to alterations to the ER membrane environment. This review discusses both of these origins and also considers the role of post-translational protein modifications, such as acetylation and palmitoylation, and ER-mitochondrial interactions to obesity-mediated impairments in the ER and activation of the UPR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Y Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Grambling State University
| | - Andrea L Estrada
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University
| | - Claire M Stewart
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Perepelkina NI, Kolomiytseva IK. Lipids of the liver microsomal fraction in the ground squirrel Spermophilus undulatus during hibernation. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350916040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
26
|
Wang L, Fu P, Zhao Y, Wang G, Yu R, Wang X, Tang Z, Imperato-McGinley J, Zhu YS. Dissociation of NSC606985 induces atypical ER-stress and cell death in prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:529-38. [PMID: 27277821 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a major cause of prostate cancer (Pca) death. Chemotherapy is able to improve the survival of CRPC patients. We previously found that NSC606985 (NSC), a highly water-soluble camptothecin analog, induced cell death in Pca cells via interaction with topoisomerase 1 and activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. To further elucidate the role of NSC, we studied the effect of NSC on ER-stress and its association with NSC-induced cell death in Pca cells. NSC produced a time- and dose-dependent induction of GRP78, CHOP and XBP1s mRNA, and CHOP protein expression in Pca cells including DU145, indicating an activation of ER-stress. However, unlike conventional ER-stress in which GRP78 protein is increased, NSC produced a time- and dose-dependent U-shape change in GRP78 protein in DU145 cells. The NSC-induced decrease in GRP78 protein was blocked by protease inhibitors, N-acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucylnorleucinal (ALLN), a lysosomal protease inhibitor, and epoxomicin (EPO), a ubiquitin-protease inhibitor. ALLN, but not EPO, also partially inhibited NSC-induced cell death. However, both 4-PBA and TUDCA, two chemical chaperons that effectively reduced tunicamycin-induced ER-stress, failed to attenuate NSC-induced GRP78, CHOP and XBP1s mRNA expression and cell death. Moreover, knockdown of NSC induction of CHOP expression using a specific siRNA had no effect on NSC-induced cytochrome c release and NSC-induced cell death. These results suggest that NSC produced an atypical ER-stress that is dissociated from NSC-induced activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and NSC-induced cell death in DU145 prostate cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pengcheng Fu
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Richard Yu
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zehai Tang
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Yuan-Shan Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Knockdown of triglyceride synthesis does not enhance palmitate lipotoxicity or prevent oleate-mediated rescue in rat hepatocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1005-1014. [PMID: 27249207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Experiments in a variety of cell types, including hepatocytes, consistently demonstrate the acutely lipotoxic effects of saturated fatty acids, such as palmitate (PA), but not unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleate (OA). PA+OA co-treatment fully prevents PA lipotoxicity through mechanisms that are not well defined but which have been previously attributed to more efficient esterification and sequestration of PA into triglycerides (TGs) when OA is abundant. However, this hypothesis has never been directly tested by experimentally modulating the relative partitioning of PA/OA between TGs and other lipid fates in hepatocytes. In this study, we found that addition of OA to PA-treated hepatocytes enhanced TG synthesis, reduced total PA uptake and PA lipid incorporation, decreased phospholipid saturation and rescued PA-induced ER stress and lipoapoptosis. Knockdown of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), the rate-limiting step in TG synthesis, significantly reduced TG accumulation without impairing OA-mediated rescue of PA lipotoxicity. In both wild-type and DGAT-knockdown hepatocytes, OA co-treatment significantly reduced PA lipid incorporation and overall phospholipid saturation compared to PA-treated hepatocytes. These data indicate that OA's protective effects do not require increased conversion of PA into inert TGs, but instead may be due to OA's ability to compete against PA for cellular uptake and/or esterification and, thereby, normalize the composition of cellular lipids in the presence of a toxic PA load.
Collapse
|
28
|
Gustavo Vazquez-Jimenez J, Chavez-Reyes J, Romero-Garcia T, Zarain-Herzberg A, Valdes-Flores J, Manuel Galindo-Rosales J, Rueda A, Guerrero-Hernandez A, Olivares-Reyes JA. Palmitic acid but not palmitoleic acid induces insulin resistance in a human endothelial cell line by decreasing SERCA pump expression. Cell Signal 2015; 28:53-9. [PMID: 26475209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Palmitic acid is a negative regulator of insulin activity. At the molecular level, palmitic acid reduces insulin stimulated Akt Ser473 phosphorylation. Interestingly, we have found that incubation with palmitic acid of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced a biphasic effect, an initial transient elevation followed by a sustained reduction of SERCA pump protein levels. However, palmitic acid produced a sustained inhibition of SERCA pump ATPase activity. Insulin resistance state appeared before there was a significant reduction of SERCA2 expression. The mechanism by which palmitic acid impairs insulin signaling may involve endoplasmic reticulum stress, because this fatty acid induced activation of both PERK, an ER stress marker, and JNK, a kinase associated with insulin resistance. None of these effects were observed by incubating HUVEC-CS cells with palmitoleic acid. Importantly, SERCA2 overexpression decreased the palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance state. All these results suggest that SERCA pump might be the target of palmitic acid to induce the insulin resistance state in a human vascular endothelial cell line. Importantly, these data suggest that HUVEC-CS cells respond to palmitic acid-exposure with a compensatory overexpression of SERCA pump within the first hour, which eventually fades out and insulin resistance prevails.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Gustavo Vazquez-Jimenez
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - Jesus Chavez-Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - Tatiana Romero-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - Angel Zarain-Herzberg
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Jesus Valdes-Flores
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - J Manuel Galindo-Rosales
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - Angelica Rueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - Agustin Guerrero-Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - J Alberto Olivares-Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fell GL, Nandivada P, Gura KM, Puder M. Intravenous Lipid Emulsions in Parenteral Nutrition. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:600-10. [PMID: 26374182 PMCID: PMC4561835 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.009084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat is an important macronutrient in the human diet. For patients with intestinal failure who are unable to absorb nutrients via the enteral route, intravenous lipid emulsions play a critical role in providing an energy-dense source of calories and supplying the essential fatty acids that cannot be endogenously synthesized. Over the last 50 y, lipid emulsions have been an important component of parenteral nutrition (PN), and over the last 10-15 y many new lipid emulsions have been manufactured with the goal of improving safety and efficacy profiles and achieving physiologically optimal formulations. The purpose of this review is to provide a background on the components of lipid emulsions, their role in PN, and to discuss the lipid emulsions available for intravenous use. Finally, the role of parenteral fat emulsions in the pathogenesis and management of PN-associated liver disease in PN-dependent pediatric patients is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Puder
- Vascular Biology Program and Departments of Surgery and
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Passos E, Ascensão A, Martins MJ, Magalhães J. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis: The Possible Role of Physical Exercise. Metabolism 2015; 64:780-92. [PMID: 25838034 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary lifestyle coupled with excessive consumption of high caloric food has been related to the epidemic increase of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which can progress from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis and, eventually, may culminate in hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the precise mechanisms underlying the progression of NASH are not completely understood, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction seems to play a key role in the process. Hepatic ER stress has been associated to hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress and hepatocyte death, contributing to liver dysfunction. Physical exercise seems to be the most effective preventive and therapeutic non-pharmacological strategy to mitigate several features related to NASH, possibly targeting most of the referred mechanisms associated with the pathophysiology of ER-related NASH. Nevertheless, little is known about the impact of physical exercise on NASH-related ER stress. In this review, we will discuss the ER stress associated to NASH conditions and highlight the possible benefits of physical exercise in the attenuation and/or reversion of NASH-related ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Passos
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Ascensão
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Martins
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Stoianov AM, Robson DL, Hetherington AM, Sawyez CG, Borradaile NM. Elongation Factor 1A-1 Is a Mediator of Hepatocyte Lipotoxicity Partly through Its Canonical Function in Protein Synthesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131269. [PMID: 26102086 PMCID: PMC4478042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Elongation factor 1A-1 (eEF1A-1) has non-canonical functions in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and apoptosis. It was previously identified through a promoter-trap screen as a mediator of fatty acid-induced cell death (lipotoxicity), and was found to participate in this process downstream of ER stress. Since ER stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we investigated the mechanism of action of eEF1A-1 in hepatocyte lipotoxicity. HepG2 cells were exposed to excess fatty acids, followed by assessments of ER stress, subcellular localization of eEF1A-1, and cell death. A specific inhibitor of eEF1A-1 elongation activity, didemnin B, was used to determine whether its function in protein synthesis is involved in lipotoxicity. Within 6 h, eEF1A-1 protein was modestly induced by high palmitate, and partially re-localized from its predominant location at the ER to polymerized actin at the cell periphery. This early induction and subcellular redistribution of eEF1A-1 coincided with the onset of ER stress, and was later followed by cell death. Didemnin B did not prevent the initiation of ER stress by high palmitate, as indicated by eIF2α phosphorylation. However, consistent with sustained inhibition of eEF1A-1-dependent elongation activity, didemnin B prevented the recovery of protein synthesis and increase in GRP78 protein that are normally associated with later phases of the response to ongoing ER stress. This resulted in decreased palmitate-induced cell death. Our data implicate eEF1A-1, and its function in protein synthesis, in hepatocyte lipotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Stoianov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Debra L. Robson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Alexandra M. Hetherington
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Cynthia G. Sawyez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Nica M. Borradaile
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gentile CL, Weir TL, Cox-York KA, Wei Y, Wang D, Reese L, Moran G, Estrada A, Mulligan C, Pagliassotti MJ, Foster MT. The role of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue fatty acid composition in liver pathophysiology associated with NAFLD. Adipocyte 2015; 4:101-12. [PMID: 26167414 DOI: 10.4161/21623945.2014.978662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral adiposity is associated with type-2-diabetes, inflammation, dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), whereas subcutaneous adiposity is not. We hypothesized that the link between visceral adiposity and liver pathophysiology involves inherent or diet-derived differences between visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue to store and mobilize saturated fatty acids. The goal of the present study was to characterize the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue triglyceride and portal vein fatty acids in relation to indices of liver dysregulation. For 8 weeks rats had free access to control (CON; 12.9% corn/safflower oil; 3.6 Kcal/g), high saturated fat (SAT; 45.2% cocoa butter; 4.5 Kcal/g) or high polyunsaturated fat (PUFA; 45.2% safflower oil; 4.5 Kcal/g) diets. Outcome measures included glucose tolerance, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue triglyceride, liver phospholipids and plasma (portal and systemic) free fatty acid composition, indices of inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver and adipose tissue depots and circulating adipo/cytokines. Hepatic triglycerides were significantly increased in both high fat diet groups compared to control and were significantly higher in PUFA compared to SAT. Although glucose tolerance was not different among diet groups, SAT increased markers of inflammation and ER stress in the liver and both adipose tissue depots. Fatty acid composition did not differ among adipose depots or portal blood in any dietary group. Overall, these data suggest that diets enriched in saturated fatty acids are associated with liver inflammation, ER stress and injury, but that any link between visceral adipose tissue and these liver indices does not involve selective changes to fatty acid composition in this depot or the portal vein.
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Overconsumption of dietary fat contributes to the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Recent evidence suggests that high dietary fat may promote these metabolic states not only by providing calories but also by inducing impaired control of energy balance. In normal metabolic states, fat interacts with various organs or receptors to generate signals for the regulation of energy balance. Many of these interactions are impaired by high-fat diets or in obesity, contributing to the development or maintenance of obesity. These impairments may arise largely from fundamental alterations in the hypothalamus where all peripheral signals are integrated to regulate energy balance. This review focuses on various mechanisms by which fat is sensed at different stages of ingestion, circulation, storage, and utilization to regulate food intake, and how these individual mechanisms are altered by high-fat diets or in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jang H Youn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Palmitic acid-induced neuron cell cycle G2/M arrest and endoplasmic reticular stress through protein palmitoylation in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20876-99. [PMID: 25402647 PMCID: PMC4264201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related neurodegenerative diseases are associated with elevated saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in the brain. An increase in SFAs, especially palmitic acid (PA), triggers neuron cell apoptosis, causing cognitive function to deteriorate. In the present study, we focused on the specific mechanism by which PA triggers SH-SY5Y neuron cell apoptosis. We found that PA induces significant neuron cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase in SH-SY5Y cells. Our data further showed that G2/M arrest is involved in elevation of endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress according to an increase in p-eukaryotic translation inhibition factor 2α, an ER stress marker. Chronic exposure to PA also accelerates beta-amyloid accumulation, a pathological characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease. Interestingly, SFA-induced ER stress, G2/M arrest and cell apoptosis were reversed by treatment with 2-bromopalmitate, a protein palmitoylation inhibitor. These findings suggest that protein palmitoylation plays a crucial role in SFA-induced neuron cell cycle G2/M arrest, ER stress and apoptosis; this provides a novel strategy for preventing SFA-induced neuron cell dysfunction.
Collapse
|
35
|
Ringseis R, Gessner DK, Eder K. Molecular insights into the mechanisms of liver-associated diseases in early-lactating dairy cows: hypothetical role of endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 99:626-45. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - D. K. Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - K. Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Khodaee N, Ghasemi M, Saghiri R, Eliassi A. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane potassium channel dysfunction in high fat diet induced stress in rat hepatocytes. EXCLI JOURNAL 2014; 13:1075-87. [PMID: 26417322 PMCID: PMC4464507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study we reported the presence of a large conductance K(+) channel in the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from rat hepatocytes. The channel open probability (Po) appeared voltage dependent and reached to a minimum 0.2 at +50 mV. Channel activity in this case was found to be totally inhibited at ATP concentration 2.5 mM, glibenclamide 100 µM and tolbutamide 400 µM. Existing evidence indicates an impairment of endoplasmic reticulum functions in ER stress condition. Because ER potassium channels have been involved in several ER functions including cytoprotection, apoptosis and calcium homeostasis, a study was carried out to consider whether the ER potassium channel function is altered in a high fat diet model of ER stress. Male Wistar rats were made ER stress for 2 weeks with a high fat diet. Ion channel incorporation of ER stress model into the bilayer lipid membrane allowed the characterization of K(+) channel. Our results indicate that the channel Po was significantly increased at voltages above +30 mV. Interestingly, addition of ATP 7.5 mM, glibenclamide 400 µM and tolbutamide 2400 µM totally inhibited the channel activities, 3-fold, 4-fold and 6-fold higher than that in the control groups, respectively. Our results thus demonstrate a modification in the ER K(+) channel gating properties and decreased sensitivity to drugs in membrane preparations coming from ER high fat model of ER stress, an effect potentially linked to a change in ER K(+) channel subunits in ER stress condition. Our results may provide new insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying ER dysfunctions in ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naser Khodaee
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin, Tehran 19857, Iran,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin, Tehran 19857, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin, Tehran 19857, Iran,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin, Tehran 19857, Iran
| | - Reza Saghiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Eliassi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin, Tehran 19857, Iran,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin, Tehran 19857, Iran,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Afsaneh Eliassi, Neurophysiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin, Tehran 19857, Iran. Tel-Fax: 9821-22439971, E-mail: ;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tőkés T, Tuboly E, Varga G, Major L, Ghyczy M, Kaszaki J, Boros M. Protective effects of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine on ischaemia-reperfusion-induced inflammatory reactions. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:109-18. [PMID: 24682350 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Choline-containing dietary phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine (PC), may function as anti-inflammatory substances, but the mechanism remains largely unknown. We investigated the effects of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC), a deacylated PC derivative, in a rodent model of small intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS Anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, mesenteric IR (45 min mesenteric artery occlusion, followed by 180 min reperfusion), IR with GPC pretreatment (16.56 mg kg⁻¹ GPC i.v., 5 min prior to ischaemia) or IR with GPC post-treatment (16.56 mg kg⁻¹ GPC i.v., 5 min prior to reperfusion) groups. Macrohaemodynamics and microhaemodynamic parameters were measured; intestinal inflammatory markers (xanthine oxidoreductase activity, superoxide and nitrotyrosine levels) and liver ATP contents were determined. RESULTS The IR challenge reduced the intestinal intramural red blood cell velocity, increased the mesenteric vascular resistance, the tissue xanthine oxidoreductase activity, the superoxide production, and the nitrotyrosine levels, and the ATP content of the liver was decreased. Exogenous GPC attenuated the macro- and microcirculatory dysfunction and provided significant protection against the radical production resulting from the IR stress. The GPC pretreatment alleviated the hepatic ATP depletion, the reductions in the mean arterial pressure and superior mesenteric artery flow, and similarly to the post-treatments with GPC, also decreased the xanthine oxidoreductase activity, the intestinal superoxide production, the nitrotyrosine level, and normalized the microcirculatory dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the effectiveness of GPC therapies and provide indirect evidence that the anti-inflammatory effects of PC could be linked to a reaction involving the polar part of the molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Tőkés
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Pécsi u. 6., Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shen X, Yang L, Yan S, Wei W, Liang L, Zheng H, Cai X. The effect of FFAR1 on pioglitazone-mediated attenuation of palmitic acid-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in βTC6 cells. Metabolism 2014; 63:335-51. [PMID: 24360748 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1), a receptor for free fatty acids on the β-cell membrane, can mediate the pioglitazone (PIO)-attenuating effect on lipoapoptosis in β cells and its relationship to oxidative stress. METHODS The glucose-sensitive mouse beta pancreatic cell line βTC6 was used to investigate the effect of FFAR1 on PIO-attenuating palmitic acid (PA)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. RESULTS (1) PIO reduced PA-induced lipoapoptosis in β cells and upregulated the expression of FFAR1 at the mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Silencing of FFAR1 expression was shown to weaken the protective effect of PIO on PA-induced lipoapoptosis in βTC6 cells; while lentiviral-mediated overexpression of FFAR1 was shown to enhance the protective effect of PIO against lipoapoptosis in β cells. (2) Downregulation of FFAR1 expression reduced the attenuating effect of PIO on the expression of NAPDH oxidase subunit p47(phox), Bax, cleaved caspase 3, and the production of reactive oxygen specific (ROS) induced by lipotoxicity, thereby preventing the upregulation of the expression of bcl-2. Inducing the overexpression of FFAR1 enhanced the anti-oxidative stress effect of PIO. Similarly, these effects of FFAR1 on PIO were reproduced under conditions of oxidative stress and apoptosis in βTC6 cells that were induced by H2O2. (3) PIO was found to increase the expression of PLCγ, ERK1/2, and PPARγ in lipotoxic β cells. Silencing FFAR1 expression reduced the PIO-mediated increases in the expression of above proteins; while inducing FFAR1 overexpression showed the opposite effect. Use of an inhibitor of PLCγ, ERK1/2, PPARγ was shown to restrict the protective effect of PIO on oxidative stress and lipoapoptosis of β cells. CONCLUSIONS FFAR1 can mediate PIO suppression of β-cell lipoapoptosis through anti-oxidative stress, which may be related to the activation of the PLCγ-ERK1/2-PPARγ pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Shen
- Endocrinology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Liyong Yang
- Endocrinology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China.
| | - Sunjie Yan
- Endocrinology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Wenfeng Wei
- Endocrinology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Liyu Liang
- Endocrinology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Huanhuan Zheng
- Endocrinology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Xiuhui Cai
- Endocrinology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gessner DK, Schlegel G, Ringseis R, Schwarz FJ, Eder K. Up-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress induced genes of the unfolded protein response in the liver of periparturient dairy cows. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:46. [PMID: 24555446 PMCID: PMC3936700 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In dairy cows, the periparturient phase is a stressful period, which is commonly associated with strong metabolic adaptations and the development of pathophysiologic conditions and disorders. Some of the symptoms occurring in the liver, such as the development of fatty liver, are similar to those observed under the condition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Therefore, we hypothesized, that in the liver of dairy cows ER stress is induced during the periparturient phase, which in turn leads to an induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR). In order to investigate this hypothesis, we determined relative mRNA concentrations of 14 genes of the ER stress-induced UPR in liver biopsy samples of 13 dairy cows at 3 wk antepartum and 1, 5 and 14 wk postpartum. RESULTS We found, that the mRNA concentrations of 13 out of the 14 genes involved in the UPR in the liver were significantly increased (1.9 to 4.0 fold) at 1 wk postpartum compared to 3 wk antepartum. From 1 wk postpartum to later lactation, mRNA concentrations of all the genes considered were declining. Moreover, at 1 wk postpartum, mRNA concentration of the spliced variant of XBP1 was increased in comparison to 3 wk antepartum, indicating that splicing of XBP1 - a hallmark of ER stress - was induced following the onset of lactation. CONCLUSION The present study reveals, that ER stress might be induced during the periparturient phase in the liver of dairy cows. We assume that the ER stress-induced UPR might contribute to the pathophysiologic conditions commonly observed in the liver of periparturient cows, such as the development of fatty liver, ketosis or inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise K Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Gloria Schlegel
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Frieder J Schwarz
- Chair of Animal Nutrition, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Strasse 6, Freising, Weihenstephan D-85350, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhao M, Zang B, Cheng M, Ma Y, Yang Y, Yang N. Differential responses of hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in diet-induced obese rats with high-fat diet rich in lard oil or soybean oil. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78620. [PMID: 24223162 PMCID: PMC3819370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Scopes To investigate the effects of high-fat diet enriched with lard oil or soybean oil on liver endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation markers in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats and estimate the influence of following low-fat diet feeding. Methods and Results Male SD rats were fed with standard low-fat diet (LF, n = 10) and two isoenergentic high-fat diets enriched with lard (HL, n = 45) or soybean oil (HS, n = 45) respectively for 10 weeks. Then DIO rats from HL and HS were fed either high-fat diet continuously (HL/HL, HS/HS) or switched to low-fat diet (HL/LF, HS/LF) for another 8 weeks. Rats in control group were maintained with low-fat diet. Body fat, serum insulin level, HOMA-IR and ectopic lipid deposition in liver were increased in HL/HL and HS/HS compared to control, but increased to a greater extent in HL/HL compared to HS/HS. Markers of ER stress including PERK and CHOP protein expression and phosphorylation of eIF2α were significantly elevated in HL/HL group while phosphorylation of IRE1α and GRP78 protein expression were suppressed in both HL/HL and HS/HS. Besides, inflammatory signals (OPN, TLR2, TLR4 and TNF-α) expressions significantly increased in HL/HL compared to others. Switching to low-fat diet reduced liver fat deposition, HOMA-IR, mRNA expression of TLR4, TNF-α, PERK in both HL/LF and HS/LF, but only decreased protein expression of OPN, PERK and CHOP in HL/LF group. In addition, HL/LF and HS/LF exhibited decreased phosphorylation of eIF2α and increased phosphorylation of IRE1α and GRP78 protein expression when compared with HL/HL and HS/HS respectively. Conclusions Lard oil was more deleterious in insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis via promoting ER stress and inflammation responses in DIO rats, which may be attributed to the enrichment of saturated fatty acid. Low-fat diet was confirmed to be useful in recovering from impaired insulin sensitivity and liver fat deposition in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Baocai Zang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianhong Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zámbó V, Simon-Szabó L, Szelényi P, Kereszturi &E, Bánhegyi G, Csala M. Lipotoxicity in the liver. World J Hepatol 2013; 5:550-557. [PMID: 24179614 PMCID: PMC3812457 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v5.i10.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity due to excessive food intake and the lack of physical activity is becoming one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. With the increasing prevalence of obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is also emerging as a pandemic. While previously this pathophysiological condition was mainly attributed to triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes, recent data show that the development of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, cell death, inflammation and fibrosis are mostly due to accumulation of fatty acids, and the altered composition of membrane phospholipids. In fact, triglyceride accumulation might play a protective role, and the higher toxicity of saturated or trans fatty acids seems to be the consequence of a blockade in triglyceride synthesis. Increased membrane saturation can profoundly disturb cellular homeostasis by impairing the function of membrane receptors, channels and transporters. However, it also induces endoplasmic reticulum stress via novel sensing mechanisms of the organelle’s stress receptors. The triggered signaling pathways in turn largely contribute to the development of insulin resistance and apoptosis. These findings have substantiated the lipotoxic liver injury hypothesis for the pathomechanism of hepatosteatosis. This minireview focuses on the metabolic and redox aspects of lipotoxicity and lipoapoptosis, with special regards on the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress responses.
Collapse
|