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Wang X, Wu Z, Liu Y, Wu C, Jiang J, Hashimoto K, Zhou X. The role of thyroid-stimulating hormone in regulating lipid metabolism: Implications for body-brain communication. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 201:106658. [PMID: 39236910 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine and triiodothyronine. These hormones are key players in body-brain communication, influencing various physiological processes, including the regulation of metabolism (both peripheral and central effects), feedback mechanisms, and lipid metabolism. Recently, the increasing incidence of abnormal lipid metabolism has highlighted the link between thyroid function and lipid metabolism. Evidence suggests that TSH can affect all bodily systems through body-brain communication, playing a crucial role in growth, development, and the regulation of various physiological systems. Lipids serve dual purposes: they are involved in energy storage and metabolism, and they act as vital signaling molecules in numerous cellular activities, maintaining overall human health or contributing to various diseases. This article reviews the role of TSH in regulating lipid metabolism via body-brain crosstalk, focusing on its implications for common lipid metabolism disorders such as obesity, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, neuropsychiatric disorders (including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and depression), and cerebrovascular disorders such as stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Chengxi Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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Tywanek E, Michalak A, Świrska J, Zwolak A. Autoimmunity, New Potential Biomarkers and the Thyroid Gland-The Perspective of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Its Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4703. [PMID: 38731922 PMCID: PMC11083198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most common organic specific illness of the thyroid gland. It may manifest as the overproduction or the decline of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Hyperthyroidism develops due to the overproduction of hormones as an answer to the presence of stimulatory antibodies against the TSH receptor. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is generally characterized by the presence of thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies, with a concomitant infiltration of lymphocytes in the thyroid. Due to the progressive destruction of cells, AITD can lead to subclinical or overt hypothyroidism. Pathophysiology of AITD is extremely complicated and still not fully understood, with genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors involved in its development. Due to increasing incidence and social awareness of this pathology, there is an urgent need to expand the background concerning AITD. A growing body of evidence suggests possible ways of treatment apart from traditional approaches. Simultaneously, the role of potential new biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of AITD has been highlighted recently, too. Therefore, we decided to review therapeutic trends in the course of AITD based on its pathophysiological mechanisms, mainly focusing on HT. Another aim was to summarize the state of knowledge regarding the role of new biomarkers in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Tywanek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Internal Medicine in Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Witold Chodźki Street 7, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.T.); (A.Z.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Endocrinology Department with Nuclear Medicine Department, Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region St. Jana z Dukli, Kazimierz Jaczewski Street 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agata Michalak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland, Jaczewski Street 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Świrska
- Endocrinology Department with Nuclear Medicine Department, Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region St. Jana z Dukli, Kazimierz Jaczewski Street 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Zwolak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Internal Medicine in Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Witold Chodźki Street 7, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.T.); (A.Z.)
- Endocrinology Department with Nuclear Medicine Department, Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region St. Jana z Dukli, Kazimierz Jaczewski Street 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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Kokkorakis M, Katsarou A, Katsiki N, Mantzoros CS. Milestones in the journey towards addressing obesity; Past trials and triumphs, recent breakthroughs, and an exciting future in the era of emerging effective medical therapies and integration of effective medical therapies with metabolic surgery. Metabolism 2023; 148:155689. [PMID: 37689110 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The 21st century is characterized by an increasing incidence and prevalence of obesity and the burden of its associated comorbidities, especially cardiometabolic diseases, which are reaching pandemic proportions. In the late '90s, the "black box" of adipose tissue and energy homeostasis was opened with the discovery of leptin, transforming the adipose tissue from an "inert fat-storage organ" to the largest human endocrine organ and creating the basis on which more intensified research efforts to elucidate the pathogenesis of obesity and develop novel treatments were based upon. Even though leptin was eventually not proven to be the "standalone magic bullet" for the treatment of common/polygenic obesity, it has been successful in the treatment of monogenic obesity syndromes. Additionally, it shifted the paradigm of treating obesity from a condition due to "lack of willpower" to a disease due to distinct underlying biological mechanisms for which specific pharmacotherapies would be needed in addition to lifestyle modification. Subsequently, the melanocortin pathway proved to be an equally valuable pathway for the pharmacotherapy of obesity. Melanocortin receptor agonists have recently been approved for treating certain types of syndromic obesity. Other molecules- such as incretins, implicated in energy and glucose homeostasis- are secreted by the gastrointestinal tract. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is the most prominent one, with GLP-1 analogs approved for common/polygenic obesity. Unimolecular combinations with other incretins, e.g., GLP-1 with gastric inhibitory polypeptide and/or glucagon, are expected to be approved soon as more effective pharmacotherapies for obesity and its comorbidities. Unimolecular combinations with other compounds and small molecules activating the receptors of these molecules are currently under investigation as promising future pharmacotherapies. Moreover, metabolic and bariatric surgery has also demonstrated impressive results, especially in the case of morbid obesity. Consequently, this broadening therapeutic armamentarium calls for a well-thought-after and well-coordinated multidisciplinary approach, for instance, through cardiometabolic expertise centers, that would ideally address effectively and cost-effectively obesity and its comorbidities, providing tangible benefits to large segments of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Kokkorakis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Angeliki Katsarou
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Eleftheriou A, Ong KK, Hughes IA, Petry CJ. Leptin and IGF-1 in Infancy Are Associated With Variants in DHCR7 and CYP2R1 That Relate With Type 1 Diabetes and 25OHD. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1394-e1402. [PMID: 37170809 PMCID: PMC10584008 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vitamin D has been variably implicated in risk of developing type 1 diabetes based on cohorts of at-risk individuals. Emergent type 1 diabetes in childhood is putatively preceded by altered growth. OBJECTIVE We explored whether polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolism genes modify risk of type 1 diabetes via effects on growth in a prospective, population-based cohort of infants. METHODS The Cambridge Baby Growth Study enrolled newborns from Cambridgeshire, UK, for follow-up in infancy. In 612 infants, we genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolism genes that relate with type 1 diabetes: rs10741657 and rs12794714 in CYP2R1, rs12785878 in DHCR7, and rs10877012 in CYP27B1. Multivariate linear regression analyses tested associations between genotypes and anthropometric indices (weight, length, and skinfold thickness) or growth-related hormones (C-peptide, IGF-1, and leptin) in infancy. RESULTS Birth weight showed borderline associations with the diabetes risk-increasing alleles in CYP2R1, rs10741657 (β = -.11, P = .02) and rs12794714 (β = -.09, P = .04). The risk-increasing allele rs12794714 was also associated with higher IGF-1 levels at age 24 months (β = .30, P = .01). At age 3 months, the risk-increasing allele rs12785878 in DHCR7, known to negatively associate with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, showed a positive association with leptin levels (β = .23, P = .009), which was pronounced in girls (P = .004) vs boys (P = .7). CONCLUSION The vitamin D metabolism genes DHCR7 and CYP2R1 might influence infancy leptin and IGF-1 levels respectively. These findings open the possibility for a developmental role of vitamin D that is mediated by growth-related hormones with implications for the onset of type 1 diabetes autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ken K Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ieuan A Hughes
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Clive J Petry
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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López-Hernández Y, Monárrez-Espino J, López DAG, Zheng J, Borrego JC, Torres-Calzada C, Elizalde-Díaz JP, Mandal R, Berjanskii M, Martínez-Martínez E, López JA, Wishart DS. The plasma metabolome of long COVID patients two years after infection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12420. [PMID: 37528111 PMCID: PMC10394026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges currently faced by global health systems is the prolonged COVID-19 syndrome (also known as "long COVID") which has emerged as a consequence of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. It is estimated that at least 30% of patients who have had COVID-19 will develop long COVID. In this study, our goal was to assess the plasma metabolome in a total of 100 samples collected from healthy controls, COVID-19 patients, and long COVID patients recruited in Mexico between 2020 and 2022. A targeted metabolomics approach using a combination of LC-MS/MS and FIA MS/MS was performed to quantify 108 metabolites. IL-17 and leptin were measured in long COVID patients by immunoenzymatic assay. The comparison of paired COVID-19/long COVID-19 samples revealed 53 metabolites that were statistically different. Compared to controls, 27 metabolites remained dysregulated even after two years. Post-COVID-19 patients displayed a heterogeneous metabolic profile. Lactic acid, lactate/pyruvate ratio, ornithine/citrulline ratio, and arginine were identified as the most relevant metabolites for distinguishing patients with more complicated long COVID evolution. Additionally, IL-17 levels were significantly increased in these patients. Mitochondrial dysfunction, redox state imbalance, impaired energy metabolism, and chronic immune dysregulation are likely to be the main hallmarks of long COVID even two years after acute COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamilé López-Hernández
- CONAHCyT-Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, 98000, Zacatecas, Mexico.
| | - Joel Monárrez-Espino
- Department of Health Research, Christus Muguerza del Parque Hospital - University of Monterrey, 31125, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | | | - Jiamin Zheng
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Juan Carlos Borrego
- Departamento de Epidemiología, Hospital General de Zona #1 "Emilio Varela Luján", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas, 98000, México
| | | | - José Pedro Elizalde-Díaz
- Laboratory of Cell Communication & Extracellular Vesicles, Division of Basic Science, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, 14610, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rupasri Mandal
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Mark Berjanskii
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Cell Communication & Extracellular Vesicles, Division of Basic Science, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, 14610, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jesús Adrián López
- MicroRNAs and Cancer Laboratory, Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, 98000, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - David S Wishart
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
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Liu Y, Douglas PS, Lip GYH, Thabane L, Li L, Ye Z, Li G. Relationship between obesity severity, metabolic status and cardiovascular disease in obese adults. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e13912. [PMID: 36424669 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence about the associations between obesity severity, metabolic status and risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults with obesity remains limited. METHODS The study included 109,301 adults with obesity free of prior CVD based on the UK Biobank cohort. Metabolic status was categorized into metabolically healthy obesity (MHO; free of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). Obesity severity was classified into three levels: class I (body mass index of 30.0-34.9 kg/m2 ), II (35.0-39.9) and III (≥40.0). Cox proportional hazards models were used for analyses. RESULTS There were 8059 incident CVD events during a median follow-up of 8.1 years. MUO was significantly associated with a 74% increased CVD risk compared with MHO (HR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.62-1.83). There was a significant interaction between obesity severity and metabolic status on an additive scale regarding CVD risk. When taking class I obesity as reference, class II was nonsignificantly associated with an increased risk of CVD in the MHO group (HR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.90-1.27), while class III was significantly related to increased risks of CVD (HR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.12-1.96). In the MUO group, both classes II and III were significantly related to increased risks of CVD. Significant subgroup effects of age (p = .009) and sex (p = .047) were observed among participants with MUO but not in the MHO group. CONCLUSIONS Both elevated obesity severity and MUO were significantly associated with increased risks of CVD in adults with obesity, while metabolic status could modify the relationship between obesity severity and CVD risk. More research is needed to further clarify the relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Liu
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pamela S Douglas
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, North Carolina, Durham, USA
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Likang Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zebing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guowei Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Chen J, Liao S, Pang W, Guo F, Yang L, Liu HF, Pan Q. Life factors acting on systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:986239. [PMID: 36189303 PMCID: PMC9521426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.986239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a highly heterogeneous autoimmune disease that primarily affects women. Currently, in the search for the mechanisms of SLE pathogenesis, the association of lifestyle factors such as diet, cigarette smoking, ultraviolet radiation exposure, alcohol and caffeine-rich beverage consumption with SLE susceptibility has been systematically investigated. The cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating lifestyle effects on SLE occurrence, including interactions between genetic risk loci and environment, epigenetic changes, immune dysfunction, hyper-inflammatory response, and cytotoxicity, have been proposed. In the present review of the reports published in reputable peer-reviewed journals and government websites, we consider the current knowledge about the relationships between lifestyle factors and SLE incidence and outline directions of future research in this area. Formulation of practical measures with regard to the lifestyle in the future will benefit SLE patients and may provide potential therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qingjun Pan
- *Correspondence: Hua-feng Liu, ; Qingjun Pan,
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Liao E, Ghezzi L, Piccio L. Dietary restriction in multiple sclerosis: evidence from preclinical and clinical studies. ADVANCES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE & REHABILITATION 2022. [DOI: 10.47795/mcln8939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) interventions, which encompass both chronic and intermittent reductions in energy intake, are emerging as potential therapeutic approaches for dampening neuroinflammation and demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS). Mechanisms mediating the beneficial effects of DR include the regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling molecules and gut microbiome remodelling. This article summarises the preclinical evidence supporting the role of DR in attenuating disease in animal models of MS and the developing clinical evidence indicating the safety and feasibility of such DR interventions in people with MS (pwMS).
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Wang Q, Zheng B, Chen P, Lei Y. Leptin and PCSK9 concentrations are associated with vascular endothelial cytokines in patients with stable coronary heart disease. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:185-190. [PMID: 35087951 PMCID: PMC8768505 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin and proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) play an important role in regulating blood lipid concentration. Recently, they have been found to show the ability to independently regulate the immune response. Vascular immune response has an important pathological function in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) and thrombosis. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between leptin, PCSK9, and vascular endothelial cell related inflammatory factors. First, detailed clinical information were collected and analyzed for 27 patients with stable CHD and corresponding 27 healthy controls. Second, using liquid-phase protein chip technology, leptin, PCSK9, and vascular-related inflammatory factors, such as E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin-17 (IL-17), were detected on the same platform. Finally, the correlation between leptin, PCSK9, and the inflammatory factors was analyzed. Through collecting clinical information of patients, it was suggested that there was a significant positive correlation between leptin and blood lipid level in CHD. Compared with healthy people, the levels of leptin, PCSK9, E-selectin, and ICAM-1 were significantly high in patients with CHD. There was a high positive correlation between leptin and E-selectin, ICAM-1, IFN-γ, and IL-17. Also, a high positive correlation between PCSK9 and E-selectin, IFN-γ, and IL-17 concentrations was observed. In general, leptin and PCSK9 may not only be able to regulate lipid metabolism, but may also be able to regulate inflammation in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Chaoyang District , Beijing 100102 , China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University , BinZhou City , China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District , Beijing 100700 , China
| | - Yan Lei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District , Beijing 100700 , China
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Jiménez-Cortegana C, Ortiz-García G, Serrano A, Moreno-Ramírez D, Sánchez-Margalet V. Possible Role of Leptin in Atopic Dermatitis: A Literature Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1642. [PMID: 34827640 PMCID: PMC8616015 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most frequent chronic inflammatory skin disease, and its incidence has been rapidly increasing in developed countries in the last years. AD presents a high degree of heterogeneity due to biases and confounding factors such as age range, sex, or ethnicity. For those reasons, the search for new biomarkers is crucial. At the same time, obesity, which is a global health problem, has also increased over the years. It has been associated with many pathophysiological states, including skin diseases such as AD, mostly in childhood. Obesity promotes a low grade inflammation driven by many different cytokines and adipokines, including leptin, which has a key role in many other diseases due to its pleiotropic effects. Leptin also has a role in both skin and allergic diseases very related to AD. Thus, this adipokine could have an important role in the pathogenesis of AD, especially in its chronicity. Despite the limited literature available, there is some evidence that leads us to consider leptin as an important adipokine in this skin disease. For this reason, here we have reviewed the role of leptin in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (G.O.-G.)
| | - Germán Ortiz-García
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (G.O.-G.)
| | - Amalia Serrano
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Dermatology Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain; (A.S.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - David Moreno-Ramírez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Dermatology Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain; (A.S.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (G.O.-G.)
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11
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Manu MS, Hohjoh H, Yamamura T. Extracellular Vesicles as Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Mediators, Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Agents in Multiple Sclerosis. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1451-1461. [PMID: 34527421 PMCID: PMC8407883 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by multiple demyelinating lesions in the spinal cord and brain. Neuronal disruption caused by myelin loss or demyelination, which may accompany axonal changes, leads to multiple neurological symptoms. They may transiently appear for weeks during periods of disease worsening (relapse) in relapsing-remitting form of MS (RRMS). Although a number of genetic, metabolic and environmental factors influencing the development of MS have been identified, the precise mechanisms involved in the CNS tissue damage in MS are still poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed a significant role of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) in many diseases. EVs are known to serve as a cellular communication tool between two cell types either in close proximity or in different parts of the body. During the recent development in understanding of the pathogenesis of MS, studies have revealed the possible role of EVs in MS. Furthermore, circulating EVs can be used as a biomarker for monitoring disease progression and activity of MS, and they can also be therapeutic reagents or targets of therapy. In this review we overview and discuss in detail about generation of EVs and their diversified roles in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallahalli S Manu
- 1Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502 Japan
| | - Hirohiko Hohjoh
- 2Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502 Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamura
- 1Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502 Japan
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12
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Seoane-Collazo P, Rial-Pensado E, Estévez-Salguero Á, Milbank E, García-Caballero L, Ríos M, Liñares-Pose L, Scotece M, Gallego R, Fernández-Real JM, Nogueiras R, Diéguez C, Gualillo O, López M. Activation of hypothalamic AMPK ameliorates metabolic complications of experimental arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 74:212-222. [PMID: 34398520 DOI: 10.1002/art.41950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether thermogenesis and the hypothalamus may be involved in the physiopathology of experimental arthritis (EA). METHODS EA was induced in Lewis male rats by intradermal injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Food intake, body weight, plasma cytokines, thermographic analysis, gene and protein expression of thermogenic markers in brown (BAT) and white (WAT) adipose tissue and hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were analyzed. Virogenetic activation of hypothalamic AMPK was performed. RESULTS We first demonstrate that EA is associated with increased BAT thermogenesis and browning of subcutaneous WAT (sWAT) leading to elevated energy expenditure. Moreover, rats suffering EA show inhibition of hypothalamic AMPK, a canonical energy sensor modulating energy homeostasis at central level. Notably, specific genetic activation of AMPK in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH; a key site modulating energy metabolism) reverses the effect of EA on energy balance, brown fat and browning, as well as promoting an amelioration of the inflammatory status. CONCLUSION Overall, these data indicate that EA promotes a central catabolic state that can be targeted and reversed by the activation of hypothalamic AMPK. This might open new therapeutic alternatives to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated metabolic comorbidities, improving RA-patients overall prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Seoane-Collazo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, and CIBERobn, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Rial-Pensado
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, and CIBERobn, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ánxela Estévez-Salguero
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, and CIBERobn, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Edward Milbank
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, and CIBERobn, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Marcos Ríos
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, and CIBERobn, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Liñares-Pose
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, and CIBERobn, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Morena Scotece
- SERGAS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, NEIRID Lab, and Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- CIBERobn, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona and Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, and CIBERobn, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, and CIBERobn, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, NEIRID Lab, and Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, and CIBERobn, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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13
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Changes in leptin, serotonin, and cortisol after eight weeks of aerobic exercise with probiotic intake in a cuprizone-induced demyelination mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Cytokine 2021; 144:155590. [PMID: 34049259 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common non-traumatic neurological cause of disability in young adults. Physical activity, particularly exercise training, is an evidence-based approach to managing symptoms, restoring function, and improving overall wellness in people with MS. As well, the use of probiotics can be effective in reducing the damage from inflammation in MS patients. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to address changes in leptin, serotonin, and cortisol following eight weeks of aerobic exercise along with probiotic intake in a cuprizone-induced demyelination mouse model of MS. METHODS Mice were exposed to cuprizone for 12 weeks. After 5 weeks, beam and performance tests were performed on them. The mice (n = 5 per group) were randomly divided into five groups: control (C), MS, MS with exercise (MS + Exe), MS with probiotic (MS + Prob), and MS with probiotic and exercise (MS + Prob + Exe). Exercise groups performed aerobic exercises 5 days a week, 10 min in the first week, 20 min in the second week, and 30 min daily in the third week until the eighth week. In the probiotic groups, the mice received probiotic by gavage. They were sacrificed after 3 months. Biochemical and molecular biology analyses were performed. RESULTS The results showed that leptin gene expression values in the MS + Prob + Exe, MS + Prob, and MS + Exe groups showed a decrease compared to the MS group, but the reduction was not significant (p > 0.05). Also, the leptin Elisa test in these intervention groups showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05). The serotonin gene expression values in the MS + Prob + Exe, MS + Prob, and MS + Exe groups were increased compared to the MS group, but the increase was not significant (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the serotonin Elisa test in these intervention groups showed a significant increase (P < 0.05). The cortisol Elisa test values in the MS + Exe and MS + Prob groups exhibited a decrease compared to the MS group, but the reduction was not significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, these results suggest that lifestyle interventions can be effective in improving pathological factors in patients with MS.
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14
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Chu DT, Rosso M, Gonzalez CT, Saxena S, Healy BC, Weiner HL, Chitnis T. Obesity is associated with the Optic Neuritis severity in Male patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 51:102910. [PMID: 33799288 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.102910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an important modifiable risk factor of MS; a deeper biological understanding of this association is needed. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the determinants of acute optic neuritis (AON) severity and recovery in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS We included 61 patients with MS with recorded AON severity and recovery according to visual acuity outcomes before, at, and, after the relapse. We measured body mass index (BMI) and the serum concentration of estrogen, leptin, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and vitamin D. We tested the association between BMI and serum hormones and AON severity and recovery with logistic regressions. RESULTS In males, moderate/severe AON was associated with higher BMI (31.26 kg/m2 vs 25.73 kg/m2, logistic regression, p= 0.03), higher serum estrogen levels (32.24 nmol/L vs 23.06 nmol/L, logistic regression, p=0.04), and higher serum leptin levels (12.29 ng/mL vs mild AON: 4.1 ng/mL, logistic regression, p=0.06) than mild AON. These observations were not seen in female patients. We did not find an association with BMI or hormone levels and AON recovery. CONCLUSION BMI, serum leptin, and serum estrogen were associated with AON severity in male patients but not in female patients. No association of these factors and AON recovery was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong T Chu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, US; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, US
| | - Mattia Rosso
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, US; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, US
| | - Cindy T Gonzalez
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, US; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, US
| | - Shrishti Saxena
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, US; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, US
| | - Brian C Healy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, US; Massachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, US; Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, US
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, US; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, US; Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, US
| | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, US; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, US; Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, US.
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15
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Stochmal A, Czuwara J, Zaremba M, Rudnicka L. Metabolic mediators determine the association of antinuclear antibody subtypes with specific clinical symptoms in systemic sclerosis. Adv Med Sci 2021; 66:119-127. [PMID: 33494024 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the possible link between different types of systemic sclerosis-specific antinuclear antibodies, adipokines and endothelial molecules which were recently found to have a pathogenic significance in systemic sclerosis. MATERIALS/METHODS Serum concentration of adiponectin, resistin, leptin, endothelin-1, fractalkine and galectin-3 were determined in the sera of patients with systemic sclerosis (n = 100) and healthy controls (n = 20) using ELISA. RESULTS The following associations between antinuclear antibodies and increased serum concentrations were identified: anticentromere antibodies with endothelin-1 (p < 0.0001; mean level in patients 2.21 vs control group 1.31 pg/ml), anti-topoisomerase I antibodies with fractalkine (p < 0.0001; 3.68 vs 1.68 ng/ml) and galectin-3 (p = 0.0010, 6.39 vs 3.26 ng/ml). Anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies were associated with increased resistin (p < 0.0001; 15.13 vs 8.54 ng/ml) and decreased adiponectin (p < 0.0001; 2894 vs 8847 ng/ml). CONCLUSION In systemic sclerosis metabolic and vascular factors may serve as mediators between immunological abnormalities and non-immune driven clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stochmal
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Czuwara
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Zaremba
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
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Cordero-Barreal A, González-Rodríguez M, Ruiz-Fernández C, Eldjoudi DA, AbdElHafez YRF, Lago F, Conde J, Gómez R, González-Gay MA, Mobasheri A, Pino J, Gualillo O. An Update on the Role of Leptin in the Immuno-Metabolism of Cartilage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052411. [PMID: 33673730 PMCID: PMC7957536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1994, leptin has been considered as an adipokine with pleiotropic effects. In this review, we summarize the actual information about the impact of this hormone on cartilage metabolism and pathology. Leptin signalling depends on the interaction with leptin receptor LEPR, being the long isoform of the receptor (LEPRb) the one with more efficient intracellular signalling. Chondrocytes express the long isoform of the leptin receptor and in these cells, leptin signalling, alone or in combination with other molecules, induces the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules and cartilage degenerative enzymes. Leptin has been shown to increase the proliferation and activation of immune cells, increasing the severity of immune degenerative cartilage diseases. Leptin expression in serum and synovial fluid are related to degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Inhibition of leptin signalling showed to have protective effects in these diseases showing the key role of leptin in cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Cordero-Barreal
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
| | - María González-Rodríguez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
| | - Clara Ruiz-Fernández
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
| | - Djedjiga Ait Eldjoudi
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
| | - Yousof Ramadan Farrag AbdElHafez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
| | - Francisca Lago
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Group, SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 7, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (F.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Javier Conde
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Group, SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 7, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (F.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Rodolfo Gómez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The Muscle-Skeletal Pathology Group, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Miguel Angel González-Gay
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Av. Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain;
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FIN-90230 Oulu, Finland;
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute, Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jesus Pino
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (O.G.); Tel./Fax: +34-981950905 (O.G.)
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (O.G.); Tel./Fax: +34-981950905 (O.G.)
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Chang H, Cong H, Wang H, Du L, Tian DC, Ma Y, Xu Y, Wang Y, Yin L, Zhang X. Thymic Involution and Altered Naive CD4 T Cell Homeostasis in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. Front Immunol 2021; 12:645277. [PMID: 34335563 PMCID: PMC8322781 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.645277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating T helper cells with a type 17-polarized phenotype (TH17) and expansion of aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-specific T cells are frequently observed in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). However, naive T cell populations, which give rise to T helper cells, and the primary site of T cell maturation, namely the thymus, have not been studied in these patients. Here, we report the alterations of naive CD4 T cell homeostasis and the changes in thymic characteristics in NMOSD patients. Flow cytometry was performed to investigate the naive CD4+ T cell subpopulations in 44 NMOSD patients and 21 healthy controls (HC). On immunological evaluation, NMOSD patients exhibited increased counts of CD31+thymic naive CD4+ T cells and CD31-cental naive CD4+ T cells along with significantly higher fraction and absolute counts of peripheral blood CD45RA+ CD62L+ naive CD4+ T cells. Chest computed tomography (CT) images of 60 NMOSD patients and 65 HCs were retrospectively reviewed to characterize the thymus in NMOSD. Thymus gland of NMOSD patients exhibited unique morphological characteristics with respect to size, shape, and density. NMOSD patients showed exacerbated age-dependent thymus involution than HC, which showed a significant association with disease duration. These findings broaden our understanding of the immunological mechanisms that drive severe disease in NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiao Chang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hengri Cong
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huabing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Du
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - De-Cai Tian
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuetao Ma
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Yin
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Linlin Yin, ; Xinghu Zhang,
| | - Xinghu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Linlin Yin, ; Xinghu Zhang,
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18
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Sung R, Heo YS. Sandwich ELISA-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Leptin in Control and Diet-Induced Obesity Mouse Model. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 11:bios11010007. [PMID: 33374256 PMCID: PMC7823388 DOI: 10.3390/bios11010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is a peptide hormone produced primarily in adipose tissues. Leptin is considered a biomarker associated with obesity and obesity-mediated diseases. Biosensor detection of leptin in the blood may play a critical role as an indicator of dynamic pathological changes. In this paper, we introduce an electrochemical biosensor that adopts o-Phenylenediamine (oPD) on screen-printed gold electrodes (SPGEs) for detecting the leptin from a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). A linear calibration curve for the leptin concentration was obtained in the ranges from 0.1 to 20 ng/mL with a lower detection limit of 0.033 ng/mL. The leptin concentration was quantified with HRP (horseradish peroxidase)-catalyzed oxidation of oPD by two voltammetry methods: cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square-wave voltammetry (SWV). The proposed sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based electrochemical biosensor for the leptin in mouse blood serum showed high stability, sensitivity, selectivity, and effectivity compared to the commercial Leptin ELISA measurement. Thus, we believe that this leptin biosensor can be a sensitive analytical tool to detect low-levels of biomarkers in clinics and point-of-care testing (POCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryong Sung
- Obesity-Mediated Disease Research (ODR) Center, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Yun Seok Heo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Behrooz M, Vaghef-Mehrabany E, Maleki V, Pourmoradian S, Fathifar Z, Ostadrahimi A. Spexin status in relation to obesity and its related comorbidities: a systematic review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1943-1957. [PMID: 33520870 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Spexin, a novel 14-amino acid peptide, has multiple physiological functions. The purpose of this paper was to systematically evaluate the current literature on the role of Spexin neuropeptide in obesity and its related comorbidities, food intake and overall metabolic status in human, animal and in vitro studies. Methods Multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, ProQuest, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched for English-language papers published since inception until December 2018, that investigated Spexin levels in relation to chronic metabolic diseases, overall metabolism control and feeding-related behaviors.The quality of the included observational studies was assessed by a version of the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) designed for non-randomized studies and SYRCLE's assessment tool for animal models. Results Out of 224 records screened, search results led to a total of 24 related studies (12 human studies (ten cross-sectional studies, one cohort study, and one longitudinal study) and 12 studies in either animals or in vitro).Nine of the included cross-sectional studies and one Longitudinal study had moderate to good study quality, and one cross-sectional and one cohort study had high-quality (or low risk of bias). Conclusion It appears that Spexin has a positive impact on overall metabolic status. As a novel appetite-regulating peptide, Spexin can act as an anorexigenic factor. Information about Spexin is very limited, and well-designed randomized controlled clinical trials are warranted for replicating, validating, and extending the current findings. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018117198).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Behrooz
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Elnaz Vaghef-Mehrabany
- Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Vahid Maleki
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Pourmoradian
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Fathifar
- Health Information Management, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Neyshabouri Av., Golgasht St., Tabriz, Iran
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20
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Immunometabolism and autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 67:10-17. [PMID: 32784085 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, immune cell metabolism has become one of the most stimulating areas of investigation in the field of immunology. Compelling evidence has revealed that metabolic pathways are closely associated to cell functions and immune cells adopt defined metabolic programs to sustain their activity and respond to micro-environmental demands. It is now clear that alterations in cell metabolism can favour dysregulation typical of autoreactive immune cells, thus sustaining loss of immunological self-tolerance. In this short review, we highlight the main metabolic alterations associated with both innate and adaptive immune cells in autoimmune conditions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). We also summarize recent findings reporting the use of pharmacological agents, which modulate the immunometabolism to possibly control immune responses during autoimmune disorders.
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21
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Hailer YD. Fate of patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) in later life: risk of obesity, hypothyroidism, and death in 2,564 patients with SCFE compared with 25,638 controls. Acta Orthop 2020; 91:457-463. [PMID: 32285743 PMCID: PMC8023925 DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2020.1749810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose - Associations between obesity and slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) during adolescence are described; however, few studies report on the lifetime risk of obesity in patients with SCFE. In addition, with the obesity epidemic in children and adolescents, an increasing incidence of SCFE might be expected. An association of SCFE with hypothyroidism seems ambiguous, and the association between SCFE and depression and all-cause mortality has not yet been evaluated. This study investigates the associations of SCFE with obesity, hypothyroidism, depression, and mortality, and putative changes in the yearly incidence of SCFE.Patients and methods - 2,564 patients diagnosed with SCFE at age 5-16 diagnosed between 1964 and 2011 were identified in the Swedish Patient Register. These were matched for age, sex, and residency with unexposed control individuals. Cox regression models were fitted to estimate the risk of obesity, hypothyroidism, depression, and death, in exposed compared with unexposed individuals.Results - The risk of obesity (HR 9, 95% CI 7-11) and hypothyroidism (HR 3, CI 2-4) was higher in SCFE patients compared with controls. There was no increase in the risk of developing depression (HR 1, CI 1-1.3) in SCFE patients. In contrast, all-cause mortality was higher in SCFE patients than in controls (HR 2, CI 1-2). The incidence of SCFE did not increase over the past decades.Interpretation - Patients with SCFE have a higher lifetime risk of obesity and hypothyroidism and a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with individuals without SCFE. These findings highlight the lifetime comorbidity burden of patients who develop SCFE in childhood, and increased surveillance of patients with a history of SCFE may be warranted. The incidence of SCFE did not increase over the last decades despite increasing obesity rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin D Hailer
- Section of Orthopedics, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden,Correspondence:
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22
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Biström M, Hultdin J, Andersen O, Alonso-Magdalena L, Jons D, Gunnarsson M, Vrethem M, Sundström P. Leptin levels are associated with multiple sclerosis risk. Mult Scler 2020; 27:19-27. [PMID: 32028836 DOI: 10.1177/1352458520905033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity early in life has been linked to increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). Leptin and insulin are both associated with obesity, making them suitable candidates for investigating this connection. OBJECTIVE To determine if leptin and insulin are risk factors for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). METHODS In this nested case-control study using blood samples from Swedish biobanks, we compared concentrations of leptin and insulin in 649 individuals who later developed RRMS with 649 controls matched for biobank, sex, age and date of sampling. Only pre-symptomatically drawn samples from individuals below the age of 40 years were included. Conditional logistic regression was performed on z-scored values to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS A 1-unit leptin z-score increase was associated with increased risk of MS in individuals younger than 20 years (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1-1.9) and in all men (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0-2.0). In contrast, for women aged 30-39 years, there was a lower risk of MS with increased leptin levels (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.54-1.0) when adjusting for insulin levels. CONCLUSION We show that the pro-inflammatory adipokine leptin is a risk factor for MS among young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Biström
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Hultdin
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Oluf Andersen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lucia Alonso-Magdalena
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden/Lund and Institution of Clinical Sciences, Neurology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Daniel Jons
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Vrethem
- Division of Neurology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Sundström
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Borba VV, Zandman-Goddard G, Shoenfeld Y. Exacerbations of autoimmune diseases during pregnancy and postpartum. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 33:101321. [PMID: 31564626 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2019.101321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases represent a complex heterogeneous group of disorders that occur as a results of immune homeostasis dysregulation and loss of self-tolerance. Interestingly, more than 80% of the cases are found among women at reproductive age. Normal pregnancy is associated with remarkable changes in the immune and endocrine signaling required to tolerate and support the development and survival of the placenta and the semi-allogenic fetus in the hostile maternal immune system environment. Gravidity and postpartum represent an extremely challenge period, and likewise the general population, women suffering from autoimmune disorders attempt pregnancy. Effective preconception counseling and subsequent gestation and postpartum follow-up are crucial for improving mother and child outcomes. This comprehensive review provides information about the different pathways modulating autoimmune diseases activity and severity, such as the influence hormones, microbiome, infections, vaccines, among others, as well as updated recommendations were needed, in order to offer those women better medical care and life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Vieira Borba
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Gisele Zandman-Goddard
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Department of Medicine C, Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Russia.
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24
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Michalska-Jakubus M, Sawicka K, Potembska E, Kowal M, Krasowska D. Clinical associations of serum leptin and leptin/adiponectin ratio in systemic sclerosis. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2019; 36:325-338. [PMID: 31333350 PMCID: PMC6640022 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2018.75809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leptin and adiponectin have recently received the attention of researchers as attractive biomarkers in systemic sclerosis (SSc) because of their role in the inflammatory process, vascular function and fibrosis. We hypothesized that leptin and adiponectin may be associated with disease activity and severity in patients with SSc. AIM To compare serum leptin, adiponectin and leptin/adiponectin levels in patients with SSc and healthy controls and to evaluate their possible relationship with frequently used laboratory markers and clinical findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 48 Caucasian female patients with SSc and 38 healthy controls. Serum concentrations of leptin and adiponectin were measured in patients and controls using commercially available ELISA Kits (Quantikine ELISA Kit R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). The results were assessed by the Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman's correlation test. RESULTS Leptin and adiponectin levels correlated with body mas index in SSc patients (r = 0.495, p = 0.000398 and r = -0.306; p = 0.0342) in contrast to healthy controls (p = 0.070 and p = 0.256, respectively), and, in SSc patients only, a strong negative correlation was observed between leptin and adiponectin serum levels (r = -0.314; p = 0.0312). Diffuse form of the disease (dcSSc) was associated with significantly lower serum adiponectin levels (8638.62 ±10382.62). Active disease was associated with significantly lower leptin concentration (13700.49 ±18293.32) and there was a significant negative correlation between leptin serum level and activity index score (r = -0.342; p = 0.0185). CONCLUSIONS The results of our study indicate that leptin levels might correlate with disease activity and subtype in SSc patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Sawicka
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Emilia Potembska
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kowal
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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25
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Monteiro L, Pereira JADS, Palhinha L, Moraes‐Vieira PMM. Leptin in the regulation of the immunometabolism of adipose tissue‐macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:703-716. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr1218-478r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lauar Monteiro
- Laboratory of ImmunometabolismDepartment of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Jéssica Aparecida da Silva Pereira
- Laboratory of ImmunometabolismDepartment of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
- Department of ImmunologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Lohanna Palhinha
- Laboratory of ImmunopharmacologyOswaldo Cruz InstituteOswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Pedro Manoel M. Moraes‐Vieira
- Laboratory of ImmunometabolismDepartment of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
- Department of ImmunologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
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26
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Lifestyle and Environmental Factors in Multiple Sclerosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:cshperspect.a028944. [PMID: 29735578 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lifestyle and environmental factors potently influence the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS), because genetic predisposition only explains a fraction of the risk increase. There is strong evidence for associations of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, smoking, sun exposure/vitamin D, and adolescent obesity to risk of MS. There is also circumstantial evidence on organic solvents and shift work, all associate with greater risk, although certain factors like nicotine, alcohol, and a high coffee consumption associate with a reduced risk. Certain factors, smoking, EBV infection, and obesity interact with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) risk genes, arguing for a pathogenic pathway involving adaptive immunity. There is a potential for prevention, in particular for people at greater risk such as relatives of individuals with MS. All of the described factors for MS may influence adaptive and/or innate immunity, as has been argued for MS risk gene variants.
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Wei L, Chen Y, Zhang C, Liu M, Xiong H. Leptin induces IL-6 and IL-8 expression through leptin receptor Ob-Rb in human dental pulp fibroblasts. Acta Odontol Scand 2019; 77:205-212. [PMID: 30600742 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2018.1536280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leptin, through binding to its special receptor (Ob-Rb), has potent effects on immunity and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the expression of leptin receptor Ob-Rb in human dental pulp fibroblasts (HDPFs) and the effects of leptin on the production of proinflammatory cytokines of IL-6 and IL-8 by HDPFs. METHODS Ob-Rb expression was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (real-time PCR), Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses in cultured HDPFs. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into HDPFs to down-regulate the expression of Ob-Rb. Real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to determine the proinflammatory cytokines of IL-6 and IL-8 levels in leptin-stimulated HDPFs. The involved signalling pathways that mediate the leptin-stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines were investigated using Western blot and specific signalling inhibitor analyses. RESULTS The expression levels of Ob-Rb mRNA and protein were detected in HDPFs. Leptin could stimulate mRNA and protein expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in HDPFs in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. Transfection with siRNA targeting Ob-Rb resulted in remarkable reduction of IL-6 and IL-8 expressions by HDPFs. In accordance with the enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines, leptin stimulation resulted in rapid phosphorylation of STAT3, p38 MAPK, ERK and Akt in HDPFs. Inhibiting JAK2/STAT3, p38 MAPK or PI3K/Akt substantially decreased leptin-induced IL-6 production, whereas blocking ERK and p38 MAPK substantially suppressed IL-8 production from leptin-stimulated HDPFs. CONCLUSIONS Leptin may up-regulate IL-6 and IL-8 production through binding with Ob-Rb in HDPFs via the activation of different intracellular signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wei
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Radiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangxi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Emergency, School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Emergency, School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingwen Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Emergency, School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haofei Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Emergency, School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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28
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Düzel B, Tamam Y, Çoban A, Tüzün E. Adipokines in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with and without Optic Neuritis as the First Clinical Presentation. Immunol Invest 2018; 48:190-197. [PMID: 30321074 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1528270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipocytokines have been implied to be involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. MS patients whose first clinical episode is optic neuritis (ON) have been reported to display a milder disease course. In this study, we aimed to show whether this milder disease course is related to reduced adipokine production. METHODS A total of 55 (24 with ON as the first clinical episode) relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients and 40 healthy individuals were recruited. Concentrations of adipokines were measured in sera by ELISA. RESULTS The levels of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and IL-8 were significantly higher in RRMS patients compared with healthy controls. RRMS cases starting with ON had lower expanded disability status scale scores. Serum adiponectin, leptin, resistin and MCP-1 levels were significantly lower in MS patients, whose first clinical episode was ON. CONCLUSIONS MS patients with ON as the first manifestation display both lower disability scores and reduced serum adipokine levels implying that adipocytokine production is associated with MS progression. Exact mechanisms of this association in MS patients with first episode ON need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Düzel
- a Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine , Dicle University , Diyarbakır , Turkey
| | - Yusuf Tamam
- a Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine , Dicle University , Diyarbakır , Turkey
| | - Arzu Çoban
- b Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Erdem Tüzün
- c Department of Neuroscience Institute for Experimental Medicine , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
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29
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Moulton VR. Sex Hormones in Acquired Immunity and Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2279. [PMID: 30337927 PMCID: PMC6180207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Women have stronger immune responses to infections and vaccination than men. Paradoxically, the stronger immune response comes at a steep price, which is the high incidence of autoimmune diseases in women. The reasons why women have stronger immunity and higher incidence of autoimmunity are not clear. Besides gender, sex hormones contribute to the development and activity of the immune system, accounting for differences in gender-related immune responses. Both innate and adaptive immune systems bear receptors for sex hormones and respond to hormonal cues. This review focuses on the role of sex hormones particularly estrogen, in the adaptive immune response, in health, and autoimmune disease with an emphasis on systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali R Moulton
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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30
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Xiong H, Li W, Ke J, Fang W, Li B, Wei L. Leptin Levels in the Synovial Fluid of Patients With Temporomandibular Disorders. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 77:493-498. [PMID: 30321519 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to measure concentrations of leptin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the synovial fluid (SF) of 38 patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and 7 healthy controls and to analyze the correlation between leptin and IL-6. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with TMDs were divided into 3 subgroups according to imaging and clinical findings: displaced disc with reduction (DDR; n = 12), displaced disc without reduction (DDNR; n = 13), and osteoarthritis (OA; n = 13). SF samples were collected, and leptin and IL-6 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS No relevant difference in leptin level was found between the control group and the DDR or DDNR group, whereas the OA group presented a higher leptin concentration than all other groups. IL-6 concentrations were markedly higher in all patient groups than in the control group. Levels were markedly higher in the OA group than in the DDR or DDNR group, but no relevant differences were found between the DDR and DDNR groups. No relevant correlation was found between leptin and IL-6 concentrations. CONCLUSION Distinct changes in leptin and IL-6 concentrations in the SF occurred at different stages of TMDs, suggesting their potential role in the pathogenesis of TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofei Xiong
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Emergency, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Senior Registrar, Department of Oral Radiology, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Ke
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Li
- Associate Professor and Head, Department of Oral Radiology, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Wei
- Senior Registrar, Department of Oral Radiology, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Delitala AP, Steri M, Fiorillo E, Marongiu M, Lakatta EG, Schlessinger D, Cucca F. Adipocytokine correlations with thyroid function and autoimmunity in euthyroid sardinians. Cytokine 2018; 111:189-193. [PMID: 30173124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytokines release by adipocytes could interact with TSH secretion. We evaluated the relationship between adipocytokines and TSH. We further tested for association of cytokines and thyroid autoimmunity. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in a community-based sample including 5385 individuals (2964 female) with TSH within the reference range. Subjects who reported taking thyroid medications or drugs that alter thyroid function were excluded. TSH, FT4, adiponectin, leptin, antibody against thyroperoxidase and against thyroglobulin were measured. Linear and logistic regression models were used to test for association. RESULTS Females had higher adiponectin and leptin level and increased frequency of thyroid antibodies. In multiple regression analysis TSH was directly associated with leptin (β = 0.003, p = 0.001) and the presence of circulating antibody against thyroperoxidase (β = 0.315, p < 0.001), but negatively associated with age (β = -0.012, p < 0.001) and FT4 (β = -0.359, p < 0.001). Adiponectin, the presence of antibody against thyroglobulin and smoking habit were not associated with TSH levels (p = 0.223, p = 0.174 and p = 0.788, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed that higher adiponectin levels were associated with thyroid autoimmunity. CONCLUSIONS Leptin is positively associated with TSH levels in euthyroid individuals, suggesting an effect of the adipokine on TSH secretion. Our results support the hypothesis that the leptin and pituitary-thyroid axis might interact in the context of energy homeostasis. The effect of adiponectin on thyroid autoimmunity will require more studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro P Delitala
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Maristella Steri
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Edoardo Fiorillo
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michele Marongiu
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory Cardiovascular Sciences, Intramural Research Programme, National Insitute on Aging (NIA) - NIH, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Blossom SJ, Fernandes L, Bai S, Khare S, Gokulan K, Yuan Y, Dewall M, Simmen FA, Gilbert KM. Opposing Actions of Developmental Trichloroethylene and High-Fat Diet Coexposure on Markers of Lipogenesis and Inflammation in Autoimmune-Prone Mice. Toxicol Sci 2018; 164:313-327. [PMID: 29669109 PMCID: PMC6016708 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a widespread environmental pollutant associated with immunotoxicity and autoimmune disease. Previous studies showed that mice exposed from gestation through early life demonstrated CD4+ T cell alterations and autoimmune hepatitis. Determining the role of one environmental risk factor for any disease is complicated by the presence of other stressors. Based on its known effects, we hypothesized that developmental overnutrition in the form of a moderately high-fat diet (HFD) consisting of 40% kcal fat would exacerbate the immunotoxicity and autoimmune-promoting effects of low-level (<10 μg/kg/day) TCE in autoimmune-prone MRL+/+ mice over either stressor alone. When female offspring were evaluated at 27 weeks of age we found that a continuous exposure beginning at 4 weeks preconception in the dams until 10 weeks of age in offspring that TCE and HFD promoted unique effects that were often antagonistic. For a number of adiposity endpoints, TCE significantly reversed the expected effects of HFD on expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis/insulin resistance, as well as mean pathology scores of steatosis. Although none of the animals developed pathological signs of autoimmune hepatitis, the mice generated unique patterns of antiliver antibodies detected by western blotting attributable to TCE exposure. A majority of cytokines in liver, gut, and splenic CD4+ T cells were significantly altered by TCE, but not HFD. Levels of bacterial populations in the intestinal ileum were also altered by TCE exposure rather than HFD. Thus, in contrast to our expectations this coexposure did not promote synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Blossom
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Lorenzo Fernandes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Shasha Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202
| | - Sangeeta Khare
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Kuppan Gokulan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | | | | | - Frank A Simmen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Kathleen M Gilbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
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Effects of exercise training on cytokines and adipokines in multiple Sclerosis: A systematic review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 24:91-100. [PMID: 29982111 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity, particularly exercise training, is an evidence-based approach for managing symptoms, restoring function and improving overall wellness in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Several recent studies have argued for a potential disease modifying effect of exercise in people with MS, and among the potential mediating mechanisms are exercise training effects on both cytokines and adipokines. The objectives of this study were to perform a systematic review of exercise training effects on cytokine and adipokine profiles in persons with MS. METHODS We conducted open-dated searches of PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and PEDro using the terms 'Multiple sclerosis' or 'MS' AND 'exercise' OR 'training' OR 'physical activity' AND 'cytokine' OR 'inflammatory' OR 'immune' OR 'adipokine'. Included studies were written in English; comprised of humans with MS, and evaluated the effects of regular physical activity or exercise on pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory cytokines or adipokines. Two authors independently scanned titles and abstracts, and read the studies included. All studies were rated on the PEDro scale and further classified based on American Academy of Neurology criteria. RESULTS Twelve studies were included of which 10 studies focused on cytokines, 1 study focused on adipokines, and 1 study included both cytokines and adipokines. The selected studies included 3 Class I studies, 7 Class II studies, and 2 Class IV studies and had average PEDro scores of 6.9 ± 1.6. Studies included endurance (n = 5), resistance (n = 3), combined (n = 3), and vibration (n = 1) training. Overall, there is a general lack of standardization of procedures across studies and inconsistent evidence for the effects of physical activity and exercise on cytokine and adipokine profiles in MS, with a general pattern indicating a lack of effect. CONCLUSION Research regarding the effects of exercise training on cytokines and adipokines in MS is in its infancy, but exercise represents an adjuvant therapy in MS, and future studies are essential for clarifying the role of exercise on cytokines and adipokines in MS.
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Kumar V. T cells and their immunometabolism: A novel way to understanding sepsis immunopathogenesis and future therapeutics. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:379-392. [PMID: 29773345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis has always been considered as a big challenge for pharmaceutical companies in terms of discovering and designing new therapeutics. The pathogenesis of sepsis involves aberrant activation of innate immune cells (i.e. macrophages, neutrophils etc.) at early stages. However, a stage of immunosuppression is also observed during sepsis even in the patients who have recovered from it. This stage of immunosuppression is observed due to the loss of conventional (i.e. CD4+, CD8+) T cells, Th17 cells and an upregulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). This process also impacts metabolic processes controlling immune cell metabolism called immunometabolism. The present review is focused on the T cell-mediated immune response, their immunometabolism and targeting T cell immunometabolism during sepsis as future therapeutic approach. The first part of the manuscripts describes an impact of sepsis on conventional T cells, Th17 cells and Tregs along with their impact on sepsis. The subsequent section further describes the immunometabolism of these cells (CD4+, CD8+, Th17, and Tregs) under normal conditions and during sepsis-induced immunosuppression. The article ends with the therapeutic targeting of T cell immunometabolism (both conventional T cells and Tregs) during sepsis as a future immunomodulatory approach for its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Mater Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia.
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Majdinasab N, Motl RW, Mokhtarzade M, Zimmer P, Ranjbar R, Keytsman C, Cullen T, Negaresh R, Baker JS. Acute responses of cytokines and adipokines to aerobic exercise in relapsing vs. remitting women with multiple sclerosis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2018; 31:295-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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La Cava A. Leptin in inflammation and autoimmunity. Cytokine 2018; 98:51-58. [PMID: 27916613 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
After its discovery as a key controller of metabolic function, leptin has been later extensively implicated in additional functions including important modulatory activities on the innate and adaptive immune response. This review analyzes the known implications of leptin in multiple inflammatory conditions, including autoimmune diseases, and how this knowledge could be instrumental in the design of leptin-based manipulation strategies to help restoration of abnormal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio La Cava
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 1000 Veteran Ave. 32-59, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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Salpietro V, Polizzi A, Recca G, Ruggieri M. The role of puberty and adolescence in the pathobiology of pediatric multiple sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40893-017-0032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Al-Daghri NM, Al-Hazmi HA, Al-Ajlan A, Masoud MS, Al-Amro A, Al-Ghamdi A, Alnaami AM, Al-Attas OS, Alokail MS. Associations of Spexin and cardiometabolic parameters among women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:710-714. [PMID: 29740234 PMCID: PMC5936879 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Spexin (SPX) is a novel biomarker abundantly expressed in several animal and human tissues implicated in food intake and glucose control, respectively. As new roles for SPX are emerging, the present study explored for the first time, the associations of SPX to several cardiometabolic indices and inflammatory markers in pregnant women, a demographic not yet investigated with respect to SPX. A total of 117 Saudi women subdivided to those with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (N = 63) and those without (N = 54) were included in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometry, glycemic, lipid, vitamin D, adipocytokines and inflammatory markers were measured consecutively at baseline and after the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Age- and BMI adjusted comparisons revealed that levels of SPX were not significantly different in pregnant women with and without GDM. In all subjects, circulating levels of SPX showed modest associations with glucose (R = 0.18; p = .08) and HOMA β (R = −0.19; p = .09) as well as significant positive associations with total cholesterol (R = 0.25; p = .02), LDL-cholesterol (R = 0.25; p = .02), 25(OH)D (R = 0.22; p = .04), albumin (R = 0.30; p < .01) and IL1β (R = 0.41; p < .01). Stepwise regression analysis also suggested that IL1β, leptin and albumin were the significant predictors of SPX. In summary, SPX levels modestly affect glucose and insulin sensitivity in pregnant women but is not associated with GDM and obesity. The significant association of SPX to ILβ warrants further investigation as to the role of SPX in immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazim A Al-Hazmi
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Ajlan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S Masoud
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Al-Amro
- Biochemistry Department,College of Science,King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Al-Ghamdi
- Biochemistry Department,College of Science,King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alnaami
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar S Al-Attas
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S Alokail
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Non-estrogenic Xanthohumol Derivatives Mitigate Insulin Resistance and Cognitive Impairment in High-Fat Diet-induced Obese Mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:613. [PMID: 29330372 PMCID: PMC5766630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18992-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated flavonoid from hops, improves dysfunctional glucose and lipid metabolism in animal models of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, its metabolic transformation into the estrogenic metabolite, 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), poses a potential health concern for its use in humans. To address this concern, we evaluated two hydrogenated derivatives, α,β-dihydro-XN (DXN) and tetrahydro-XN (TXN), which showed negligible affinity for estrogen receptors α and β, and which cannot be metabolically converted into 8-PN. We compared their effects to those of XN by feeding C57BL/6J mice a high-fat diet (HFD) containing XN, DXN, or TXN for 13 weeks. DXN and TXN were present at higher concentrations than XN in plasma, liver and muscle. Mice administered XN, DXN or TXN showed improvements of impaired glucose tolerance compared to the controls. DXN and TXN treatment resulted in a decrease of HOMA-IR and plasma leptin. C2C12 embryonic muscle cells treated with DXN or TXN exhibited higher rates of uncoupled mitochondrial respiration compared to XN and the control. Finally, XN, DXN, or TXN treatment ameliorated HFD-induced deficits in spatial learning and memory. Taken together, DXN and TXN could ameliorate the neurocognitive-metabolic impairments associated with HFD-induced obesity without risk of liver injury and adverse estrogenic effects.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The area of multiple sclerosis (MS) epidemiology has expanded during the last few years. Established lifestyle and environmental factors influencing MS risk are Epstein-Barr virus infection, sun exposure/vitamin D, and smoking. We review these factors and a series of other potential candidates implicated in the pathogenesis of MS and how environmental factors interact with genetic susceptibility with regard to disease risk. RECENT FINDINGS On top of established MS-associated factors, there is now strong evidence for influence of adolescent obesity, exposure to organic solvents and shift work, all demonstrating increased risk of disease. Other factors, such as nicotine, alcohol, and high coffee consumption are associated with decreased MS risk. A number of lifestyle/environmental factors, including smoking and obesity, seem to interact with MS risk human leukocyte antigen genes, conferring much stronger effects on disease risk among those exposed to both factors. Furthermore, an interaction between two environmental factors, obesity and infectious mononucleosis, with regard to MS risk, has been demonstrated in two independent studies. SUMMARY MS is a complex disease for which both genetic susceptibility and lifestyle/environmental factors are important, and where the latter may be of great importance. Lifestyle and environmental factors can often be modified and may denote pathogenic pathways.
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Li Z, Gu J, Zhu Q, Liu J, Lu H, Lu Y, Wang X. Obese donor mice splenocytes aggravated the pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease via regulating differentiation of Tregs and CD4 + T cell induced-type I inflammation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74880-74896. [PMID: 29088831 PMCID: PMC5650386 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains one of the most severe complications in organ and bone marrow transplantation, leading to much morbidity and mortality. Obesity has been associated with increased risk of development of various inflammatory diseases. Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of obese donor splenocytes on the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). In this study, mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) in vitro showed that obese donor mouse CD4+ T cell promoted the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Meanwhile, the inducible Tregs population decreased greatly in obese donor mouse CD4+ T cells' induction group, compared with normal group. Then in the murine aGVHD model, we found that obese donor splenocytes dramatically increased the severity of aGVHD through down-regulating immune tolerance while enhancing systemic and local immunity. Moreover, we showed that aGVHD induced by obese donors resulted in massive expansion of donor CD3+ T cells, release of Th1-related cytokines, interleukin-17 (IL-17) and chemokines, significant increase of Th17 cells and inhibition of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and impaired suppressive ability of donor Tregs. Expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), phosphorylated Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Raptor increased, while the phosphorylation level of SMAD3 was decreased in the skin, intestine, lung and liver from obese donor splenocytes-treated aGVHD mice. Furthermore, at mRNA and protein levels, we defined several molecules that may account for the enhanced ability of obese donor splenocytes to migrate into target organs, such as IL-2, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α, CXCR3, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 and CCL3. Therefore, these results imply that obese donor cells may be related to the risk of aGVHD and helping obese donor individuals lose weight represent a compulsory clinical strategy before implementing transplantation to control aGVHD of recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyao Li
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yunjie Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Chowen JA, Argente J. Ghrelin: A Link Between Energy Homeostasis and the Immune System. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2077-2081. [PMID: 28881864 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Ruscica M, Baragetti A, Catapano AL, Norata GD. Translating the biology of adipokines in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases: Gaps and open questions. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:379-395. [PMID: 28237179 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM Critically discuss the available data, to identify the current gaps and to provide key concepts that will help clinicians in translating the biology of adipokines in the context of atherosclerosis and cardio-metabolic diseases. DATA SYNTHESIS Adipose tissue is nowadays recognized as an active endocrine organ, a function related to the ability to secrete adipokines (such as leptin and adiponectin) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha and resistin). Studies in vitro and in animal models have observed that obesity status presents a chronic low-grade inflammation as the consequence of the immune cells infiltrating the adipose tissue as well as adipocytes. This inflammatory signature is often related to the presence of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and thrombosis. These links are less clear in humans, where the role of adipokines as prognostic marker and/or player in cardiovascular diseases is not as clear as that observed in experimental models. Moreover, plasma adipokine levels might reflect a condition of adipokine-resistance in which adipokine redundancy occurs. The investigation of the cardio-metabolic phenotype of carriers of single nucleotide polymorphisms affecting the levels or function of a specific adipokine might help determine their relevance in humans. Thus, the aim of the present review is to critically discuss the available data, identify the current gaps and provide key concepts that will help clinicians translate the biology of adipokines in the context of atherosclerosis and cardio-metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - A L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - G D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Monteiro C, Kasahara TM, Castro JR, Sacramento PM, Hygino J, Centurião N, Cassano T, Lopes LMF, Leite S, Silva VG, Gupta S, Bento CAM. Pregnancy favors the expansion of circulating functional follicular helper T Cells. J Reprod Immunol 2017; 121:1-10. [PMID: 28482188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy favors antibody production, and some evidence has suggested a direct effect of estrogen on B cells. The impact of pregnancy on circulating follicular helper T (TFH) cells, typically identified by the expression of CD45RO and CXCR5, has not been previously investigated. Here, the percentage of TFH cells, co-expressing or not PD-1, ICOS, or CXCR3 markers was significantly higher in pregnant women (PW) as compared with non-pregnant ones (nPW). Furthermore, the percentage of CXCR3+ TFH cells able to produce IL-6, IL-21, and IL-10 was significantly higher in PW than nPW. Interestingly, anti-CMV and anti-HBs antibody titers were significantly higher in the plasma of PW and were directly correlated with IL-21-producing CXCR3+ TFH cells. Finally, peripheral estrogen levels, but not progesterone, were positively related to either PD-1+ CXCR3+ TFH cells or plasma anti-CMV and anti-HBs IgG antibodies. In summary, our data suggests a positive effect of pregnancy on the proportion of CD4+ T cell subset specialized in helping B cells. This phenomenon, which could be related to the high estrogen levels produced during pregnancy, may help to explain why pregnancy favor humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice Monteiro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology/Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Taissa M Kasahara
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology/Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Castro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology/Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila M Sacramento
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology/Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joana Hygino
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology/Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Newton Centurião
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology/Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Cassano
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology/Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lana M Ferreira Lopes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology/Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone Leite
- Fernandes Figueira Institute/IOC, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cleonice A M Bento
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology/Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Çoban A, Düzel B, Tüzün E, Tamam Y. Investigation of the prognostic value of adipokines in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2017. [PMID: 28641765 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokines may be involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as other inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to analyze the value of serum adipokine levels as biomarkers in determining the clinical progression of MS. METHODS A total of 90 subjects including 40 healthy individuals and 50 MS patients [24 with classical clinical course of MS (C-MS), 26 with benign MS (B-MS)] were recruited for this study. The levels of serum adipokines and inflammatory mediators were measured using immunoassay methods. RESULTS The levels of adiponectin, MCP-1, TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly higher in C-MS patients compared with B-MS patients and healthy controls. Only adiponectin and MCP-1 levels remained significantly high after Bonferroni correction. Adiponectin, MCP-1 and TNF-α levels showed a modest correlation with expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores, which disappeared after Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the potential role of adipokines in pathogenesis and clinical progression of MS. Adiponectin and MCP-1 might potentially serve as prognostic biomarkers in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Çoban
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Berna Düzel
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Erdem Tüzün
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Tamam
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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Pérez-Pérez A, Vilariño-García T, Fernández-Riejos P, Martín-González J, Segura-Egea JJ, Sánchez-Margalet V. Role of leptin as a link between metabolism and the immune system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 35:71-84. [PMID: 28285098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone not only with an important role in the central control of energy metabolism, but also with many pleiotropic effects in different physiological systems. One of these peripheral functions of leptin is a regulatory role in the interplay between energy metabolism and the immune system, being a cornerstone of the new field of immunometabolism. Leptin receptor is expressed throughout the immune system and the regulatory effects of leptin include cells from both the innate and adaptive immune system. Leptin is one of the adipokines responsible for the inflammatory state found in obesity that predisposes not only to type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, but also to autoimmune and allergic diseases. Leptin is an important mediator of the immunosuppressive state in undernutrition status. Placenta is the second source of leptin and it may play a role in the immunomodulation during pregnancy. Finally, recent work has pointed to the participation of leptin and leptin receptor in the pathophysiology of inflammation in oral biology. Therefore, leptin and leptin receptor should be considered for investigation as a marker of inflammation and immune activation in the frontier of innate-adaptive system, and as possible targets for intervention in the immunometabolic mediated pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Medical School and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Teresa Vilariño-García
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Medical School and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Riejos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Medical School and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Jenifer Martín-González
- Department of Stomatology (Endodontics Section), School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan José Segura-Egea
- Department of Stomatology (Endodontics Section), School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Medical School and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Spain.
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Inzaugarat ME, De Matteo E, Baz P, Lucero D, García CC, Gonzalez Ballerga E, Daruich J, Sorda JA, Wald MR, Cherñavsky AC. New evidence for the therapeutic potential of curcumin to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in humans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172900. [PMID: 28257515 PMCID: PMC5336246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The immune system acts on different metabolic tissues that are implicated in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Leptin and linoleic acid have the ability to potentially affect immune cells, whereas curcumin is a known natural polyphenol with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Aims This study was designed to evaluate the pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant effects of leptin and linoleic acid on immune cells from patients with NAFLD and to corroborate the modulatory effects of curcumin and its preventive properties against the progression of NAFLD using a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis mouse model. Results The ex vivo experiments showed that linoleic acid increased the production of reactive oxygen species in monocytes and liver macrophages, whereas leptin enhanced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in monocytes and interferon-γ production in circulating CD4+ cells. Conversely, oral administration of curcumin prevented HFD-induced liver injury, metabolic alterations, intrahepatic CD4+ cell accumulation and the linoleic acid- and leptin- induced pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant effects on mouse liver macrophages. Conclusion Our findings provide new evidence for the therapeutic potential of curcumin to treat human NAFLD. However, the development of a preventive treatment targeting human circulating monocytes and liver macrophages as well as peripheral and hepatic CD4+ cells requires additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Inzaugarat
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo-CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elena De Matteo
- Hospital de Niños “Dr. R. Gutiérrez”, Servicio de Patología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Placida Baz
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo-CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Lucero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica - Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Arterioesclerosis, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Claudia García
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo-CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Gonzalez Ballerga
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martin"- División de Gastroenterología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Daruich
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martin"- División de Gastroenterología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Antonio Sorda
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martin"- División de Gastroenterología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miriam Ruth Wald
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)- Universidad católica Argentina-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Claudia Cherñavsky
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo-CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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49
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Cohen S, Danzaki K, MacIver NJ. Nutritional effects on T-cell immunometabolism. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:225-235. [PMID: 28054344 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
T cells are highly influenced by nutrient uptake from their environment, and changes in overall nutritional status, such as malnutrition or obesity, can result in altered T-cell metabolism and behavior. In states of severe malnutrition or starvation, T-cell survival, proliferation, and inflammatory cytokine production are all decreased, as is T-cell glucose uptake and metabolism. The altered T-cell function and metabolism seen in malnutrition is associated with altered adipokine levels, most particularly decreased leptin. Circulating leptin levels are low in malnutrition, and leptin has been shown to be a key link between nutrition and immunity. The current view is that leptin signaling is required to upregulate activated T-cell glucose metabolism and thereby fuel T-cell activation. In the setting of obesity, T cells have been found to have a key role in promoting the recruitment of inflammatory macrophages to adipose depots along with the production of inflammatory cytokines that promote the development of insulin resistance leading to diabetes. Deletion of T cells, key T-cell transcription factors, or pro-inflammatory T-cell cytokines prevents insulin resistance in obesity and underscores the importance of T cells in obesity-associated inflammation and metabolic disease. Altogether, T cells have a critical role in nutritional immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Keiko Danzaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nancie J MacIver
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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50
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Dragoni F, Conti R, Cazzaniga S, Colucci R, Pisaneschi L, Naldi L, Moretti S. No Association between Vitiligo and Obesity: A Case-Control Study. Med Princ Pract 2017; 26:421-426. [PMID: 28903118 PMCID: PMC5757571 DOI: 10.1159/000481436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between vitiligo and body mass index (BMI) to assess the possible association between vitiligo and obesity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This was a case-control study on a total of 400 participants, i.e., 200 patients with vitiligo and 200 healthy volunteers. Medical assessments were performed by dermatologists using the modified Vitiligo European Task Force form. The height and weight of all of the participants were measured and used to calculate the BMI. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models. Adjustment for age and gender was carried out preliminarily in the case-control analysis, whereas a forward stepwise selection algorithm was used to assess which independent factors were associated with a BMI ≥30 or a BMI ≤18.5. RESULTS Comparison of the vitiligo and control groups revealed the absence of a significant association. The multivariate analysis of factors associated with a high BMI (≥30) in vitiligo patients showed a significant association between a high BMI and a sudden onset of vitiligo (p = 0.021; OR = 3.83; 95% CI 1.22-11.99) and the presence of inflammation and pruritus (p = 0.031; OR = 3.26; 95% CI 1.11-9.57). No significant association was observed in the analysis of factors associated with a low BMI (≤18.5) in vitiligo patients. CONCLUSION In this study, vitiligo did not appear to be associated with a high BMI; obesity might not be a risk factor for vitiligo, in contrast to most autoimmune diseases which are significantly associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Dragoni
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, Florence
- *Dr. Federica Dragoni, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, Viale Michelangiolo 41, IT-50125 Florence (Italy), E-Mail
| | - Rossana Conti
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, Florence
| | | | - Roberta Colucci
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, Florence
| | - Lisa Pisaneschi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, Florence
| | - Luigi Naldi
- GISED Study Centre, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Silvia Moretti
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, Florence
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