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Cruz N, Valente T, Ferreira F, Macedo L, Belisário A, da Silva C, Oliveira N, Gomides A, Velloso-Rodrigues C. CETP gene polymorphisms and haplotypes are explanatory variables for HDL cholesterol level in sickle cell disease. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e12879. [PMID: 38265339 PMCID: PMC10802225 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Variations in lipid profile have been observed in sickle cell disease (SCD) and understanding their relationship with disease severity is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the association of polymorphisms of the CETP gene and laboratory markers of disease severity with lipid profile in a pediatric population with SCD. Biochemical and anthropometric analyses and CETP and alpha-thalassemia genotyping were performed. The study included 133 children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia (SCA) or hemoglobin SC disease (SCC), in steady-state. The SCA and no hydroxyurea (no HU) groups had higher values of ApoB, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) compared to the SCC and HU groups. However, there were no significant differences in ApoA1 and HDL-C levels between the groups based on genotype. Furthermore, the groups with altered levels of ApoA1, HDL-C, and the triglyceride/HDL ratio exhibited lower hemoglobin (Hb) levels and higher white blood cell counts. Hb level was associated to HDL-C levels. Analysis of CETP gene variants showed that the minor alleles of rs3764261 (C>A), rs247616 (C>T), and rs183130 (C>T), as well as the TTA haplotype, are explanatory variables for HDL-C levels. These findings suggested that dyslipidemia in SCD, specifically related to HDL-C levels, may be influenced by individual genetic background. Additionally, further investigation is needed to determine if clinical manifestations are impacted by CETP gene variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.R.C. Cruz
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Genética Molecular, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil
| | - T.N.S. Valente
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Genética Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Vida, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil
| | - F.O. Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Vida, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil
| | - L.R. Macedo
- Departamento de Economia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil
| | - A.R. Belisário
- Centro de Tecidos Biológicos, Fundação Hemominas, Lagoa Santa, MG, Brasil
| | - C.M. da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - N.S. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Genética Molecular, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil
| | - A.F.F. Gomides
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Genética Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Vida, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil
| | - C. Velloso-Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Genética Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Vida, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil
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2
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Ølnes ÅS, Teigen M, Laerdahl JK, Leren TP, Strøm TB, Bjune K. Variants in the CETP gene affect levels of HDL cholesterol by reducing the amount, and not the specific lipid transfer activity, of secreted CETP. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294764. [PMID: 38039300 PMCID: PMC10691695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) transfers cholesteryl esters in plasma from high density lipoprotein (HDL) to very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein. Loss-of-function variants in the CETP gene cause elevated levels of HDL cholesterol. In this study, we have determined the functional consequences of 24 missense variants in the CETP gene. The 24 missense variants studied were the ones reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database and in the literature to affect HDL cholesterol levels, as well as two novel variants identified at the Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital in subjects with hyperalphalipoproteinemia. METHODS HEK293 cells were transiently transfected with mutant CETP plasmids. The amounts of CETP protein in lysates and media were determined by Western blot analysis, and the lipid transfer activities of the CETP variants were determined by a fluorescence-based assay. RESULTS Four of the CETP variants were not secreted. Five of the variants were secreted less than 15% compared to the WT-CETP, while the other 15 variants were secreted in varying amounts. There was a linear relationship between the levels of secreted protein and the lipid transfer activities (r = 0.96, p<0.001). Thus, the secreted variants had similar specific lipid transfer activities. CONCLUSION The effect of the 24 missense variants in the CETP gene on the lipid transfer activity was mediated predominantly by their impact on the secretion of the CETP protein. The four variants that prevented CETP secretion cause autosomal dominant hyperalphalipoproteinemia. The five variants that markedly reduced secretion of the respective variants cause mild hyperalphalipoproteinemia. The majority of the remaining 15 variants had minor effects on the secretion of CETP, and are considered neutral genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Schawlann Ølnes
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Teigen
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon K. Laerdahl
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, ELIXIR Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond P. Leren
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thea Bismo Strøm
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Bjune
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Giammanco A, Noto D, Barbagallo CM, Nardi E, Caldarella R, Ciaccio M, Averna MR, Cefalù AB. Hyperalphalipoproteinemia and Beyond: The Role of HDL in Cardiovascular Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060581. [PMID: 34207236 PMCID: PMC8235218 DOI: 10.3390/life11060581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HALP) is a lipid disorder characterized by elevated plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels above the 90th percentile of the distribution of HDL-C values in the general population. Secondary non-genetic factors such as drugs, pregnancy, alcohol intake, and liver diseases might induce HDL increases. Primary forms of HALP are caused by mutations in the genes coding for cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), hepatic lipase (HL), apolipoprotein C-III (apo C-III), scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and endothelial lipase (EL). However, in the last decades, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have also suggested a polygenic inheritance of hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Epidemiological studies have suggested that HDL-C is inversely correlated with cardiovascular (CV) risk, but recent Mendelian randomization data have shown a lack of atheroprotective causal effects of HDL-C. This review will focus on primary forms of HALP, the role of polygenic inheritance on HDL-C, associated risk for cardiovascular diseases and possible treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Giammanco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties–University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (D.N.); (C.M.B.); (E.N.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Davide Noto
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties–University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (D.N.); (C.M.B.); (E.N.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Carlo Maria Barbagallo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties–University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (D.N.); (C.M.B.); (E.N.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Emilio Nardi
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties–University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (D.N.); (C.M.B.); (E.N.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Rosalia Caldarella
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Laboratory Medicine CoreLab, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Laboratory Medicine CoreLab, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.C.); (M.C.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Rocco Averna
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties–University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (D.N.); (C.M.B.); (E.N.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Angelo Baldassare Cefalù
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties–University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (D.N.); (C.M.B.); (E.N.); (M.R.A.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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Hepatic lipase (LIPC) sequencing in individuals with extremely high and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243919. [PMID: 33326441 PMCID: PMC7743991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Common variants in the hepatic lipase (LIPC) gene have been shown to be associated with plasma lipid levels; however, the distribution and functional features of rare and regulatory LIPC variants contributing to the extreme lipid phenotypes are not well known. This study was aimed to catalogue LIPC variants by resequencing the entire LIPC gene in 95 non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) and 95 African blacks (ABs) with extreme HDL-C levels followed by in silico functional analyses. A total of 412 variants, including 43 novel variants were identified; 56 were unique to NHWs and 234 were unique to ABs. Seventy-eight variants in NHWs and 89 variants in ABs were present either in high HDL-C group or low HDL-C group. Two non-synonymous variants (p.S289F, p.T405M), found in NHWs with high HDL-C group were predicted to have damaging effect on LIPC protein by SIFT, MT2 and PP2. We also found several non-coding variants that possibly reside in the circRNA and lncRNA binding sites and may have regulatory potential, as identified in rSNPbase and RegulomeDB databases. Our results shed light on the regulatory nature of rare and non-coding LIPC variants as well as suggest their important contributions in affecting the extreme HDL-C phenotypes.
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Agongo G, Amenga-Etego L, Nonterah EA, Debpuur C, Choudhury A, Bentley AR, Oduro AR, Rotimi CN, Crowther NJ, Ramsay M, H Africa. Candidate Gene Analysis Reveals Strong Association of CETP Variants With High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and PCSK9 Variants With Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Ghanaian Adults: An AWI-Gen Sub-Study. Front Genet 2020; 11:456661. [PMID: 33193594 PMCID: PMC7661969 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.456661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Variations in lipid levels are attributed partly to genetic factors. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) mainly performed in European, African American and Asian cohorts have identified variants associated with LDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG), but few studies have been performed in sub-Saharan Africans. This study evaluated the effect of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in eight candidate loci (ABCA1, LCAT, LPL, PON1, CETP, PCSK9, MVK, and MMAB) on lipid levels among 1855 Ghanaian adults. All lipid levels were measured directly using an automated analyser. DNA was extracted and genotyped using the H3Africa SNV array. Linear regression models were used to test the association between SNVs and log-transformed lipid levels, adjusting for sex, age and waist circumference. In addition Bonferroni correction was performed to account for multiple testing. Several variants of CETP, LCAT, PCSK9, and PON1 (MAF > 0.05) were associated with HDL-C, LDL-C and TC levels at p < 0.05. The lead variants for association with HDL-C were rs17231520 in CETP (β = 0.139, p < 0.0001) and rs1109166 in LCAT (β = −0.044, p = 0.028). Lower LDL-C levels were associated with an intronic variant in PCSK9 (rs11806638 [β = −0.055, p = 0.027]) and increased TC was associated with a variant in PON1 (rs854558 [β = 0.040, p = 0.020]). In silico functional analyses indicated that these variants likely influence gene function through their effect on gene transcription. We replicated a strong association between CETP variants and HDL-C and between PCSK9 variant and LDL-C in West Africans, with two potentially functional variants and identified three novel variants in linkage disequilibrium in PON1 which were associated with increasing TC levels in Ghanaians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfred Agongo
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, Ghana.,Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lucas Amenga-Etego
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, Ghana.,West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Engelbert A Nonterah
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, Ghana.,Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nigel J Crowther
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michèle Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - H Africa
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, Ghana.,Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.,Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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6
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Mcpherson PA. Paradoxical Hypercholesterolemia in an Otherwise Healthy Adult Man. Lab Med 2020; 51:217-220. [PMID: 31414129 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is characterized by serum cholesterol levels greater than 5 mmol per L. However, the distribution of cholesterol among lipoprotein classes has a significant bearing on diagnosis: high-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol suggests familial hypercholesterolemia, whereas high-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is associated with hyperalphalipoproteinemia. On routine screening, a 23-year-old man presented with a total cholesterol level of 7.6 mmol per L but was subsequently found to have an HDL cholesterol level of 5.6 mmol per L. The clinical picture was confounded by his use of red yeast rice extract, a popular health supplement with hypolipidemic effects. In this case individual, the use of red yeast rice extract caused a hyperlipidemic state, ostensibly through downregulation of cholesteryl ester transfer protein. This case emphasizes the extended role of laboratory medicine in complex cases of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Mcpherson
- Centre for Applied Science, Belfast Metropolitan College, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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7
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Blauw LL, Li-Gao R, Noordam R, de Mutsert R, Trompet S, Berbée JFP, Wang Y, van Klinken JB, Christen T, van Heemst D, Mook-Kanamori DO, Rosendaal FR, Jukema JW, Rensen PCN, Willems van Dijk K. CETP (Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein) Concentration: A Genome-Wide Association Study Followed by Mendelian Randomization on Coronary Artery Disease. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 11:e002034. [PMID: 29728394 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.117.002034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to identify independent genetic determinants of circulating CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) to assess causal effects of variation in CETP concentration on circulating lipid concentrations and cardiovascular disease risk. METHODS A genome-wide association discovery and replication study on serum CETP concentration were embedded in the NEO study (Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity). Based on the independent identified variants, Mendelian randomization was conducted on serum lipids (NEO study) and coronary artery disease (CAD; CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium). RESULTS In the discovery analysis (n=4248), we identified 3 independent variants (P<5×10-8) that determine CETP concentration. These single-nucleotide polymorphisms were mapped to CETP and replicated in a separate subpopulation (n=1458). Per-allele increase (SE) in serum CETP was 0.32 (0.02) µg/mL for rs247616-C, 0.35 (0.02) µg/mL for rs12720922-A, and 0.12 (0.02) µg/mL for rs1968905-G. Combined, these 3 variants explained 16.4% of the total variation in CETP concentration. One microgram per milliliter increase in genetically determined CETP concentration strongly decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.23 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval, -0.26 to -0.20), moderately increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.08 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval, 0.00-0.16), and was associated with an odds ratio of 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 0.94-1.23) for CAD risk. CONCLUSIONS This is the first genome-wide association study identifying independent variants that largely determine CETP concentration. Although high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is not a causal risk factor for CAD, it has been unequivocally demonstrated that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering is proportionally associated with a lower CAD risk. Therefore, the results of our study are fully consistent with the notion that CETP concentration is causally associated with CAD through low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne L Blauw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.) .,Department of Clinical Epidemiology (L.L.B., R.L.-G., R.d.M., T.C., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R.).,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., J.B.v.K., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (L.L.B., R.L.-G., R.d.M., T.C., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R.)
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics (R.N., S.T., D.v.H.)
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (L.L.B., R.L.-G., R.d.M., T.C., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R.)
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics (R.N., S.T., D.v.H.).,Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.)
| | - Jimmy F P Berbée
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.).,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., J.B.v.K., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.).,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., J.B.v.K., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Jan B van Klinken
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., J.B.v.K., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.).,Department of Human Genetics (J.B.v.K., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Tim Christen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (L.L.B., R.L.-G., R.d.M., T.C., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R.)
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics (R.N., S.T., D.v.H.)
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (L.L.B., R.L.-G., R.d.M., T.C., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R.).,and Department of Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.) Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (L.L.B., R.L.-G., R.d.M., T.C., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R.)
| | | | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.).,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., J.B.v.K., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.).,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., J.B.v.K., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.).,Department of Human Genetics (J.B.v.K., K.W.v.D.)
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8
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Samedy LA, Ryan GJ, Superko RH, Momary KM. CETP genotype and concentrations of HDL and lipoprotein subclasses in African-American men. Future Cardiol 2019; 15:187-195. [PMID: 31148465 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2018-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the association between the CETP Taq1B and I405V polymorphisms with levels of lipoprotein subclasses in African-American (AA) men with and without Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Patients & methods: AA men, over 30 years of age, with (n = 54) or without T2DM (n = 50), and not receiving lipid-lowering agents, underwent advanced lipid analysis and genotyping. Results & conclusion: In the total patient population Taq1B B2-allele carriers had significantly higher levels of large HDL subclasses (HDL-2b [p = 0.017] and HDL-L [p = 0.019]), lower levels of small-HDL subclasses (HDL-3a [p = 0.004] and HDL-3b [p = 0.031]), and lower levels of LDL subclasses (LDL-IVa [p = 0.012] and LDL-IIIb [p = 0.009]). The only significant genotype-diabetes interaction occurred with the HDL-2a subclass (p = 0.015). No statistically significant associations were seen with I405V genotype. Our observations of lower levels of small-HDL and higher levels of large-HDL suggest that a potentially important HDL subclass-CETP relationship exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesly-Anne Samedy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Gina J Ryan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | | | - Kathryn M Momary
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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9
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Perakakis N, Yazdani A, Karniadakis GE, Mantzoros C. Omics, big data and machine learning as tools to propel understanding of biological mechanisms and to discover novel diagnostics and therapeutics. Metabolism 2018; 87:A1-A9. [PMID: 30098323 PMCID: PMC6325641 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Perakakis
- Department of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alireza Yazdani
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | | | - Christos Mantzoros
- Department of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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10
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Abu Khalaf R, Sabbah D, Al-Shalabi E, Bishtawi S, Albadawi G, Abu Sheikha G. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling Study of Substituted Benzyl Benzamides as CETP Inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [PMID: 29112287 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause for mortality and morbidity in the developed world; its risk is inversely related to the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Therefore, there is a great interest in developing new cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors capable of raising HDL as a novel approach for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of ten benzyl benzamides 8a-j that aim at CETP inhibition was performed. The in vitro CETP inhibition bioassay revealed that benzamide 8j had the best activity, with a percent inhibition of 82.2% at 10 μM concentration and an IC50 value of 1.3 μM. The docking study shows that the verified compounds accommodate the binding cleft of CETP and are enclosed by a hydrophobic lining. Furthermore, the scaffold of 8a-j matches the pharmacophoric points of CETP inhibitors, particularly in its hydrophobic and aromatic functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Abu Khalaf
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dima Sabbah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Eveen Al-Shalabi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Samar Bishtawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ghadeer Albadawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ghassan Abu Sheikha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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11
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Rotimi CN, Bentley AR, Doumatey AP, Chen G, Shriner D, Adeyemo A. The genomic landscape of African populations in health and disease. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:R225-R236. [PMID: 28977439 PMCID: PMC6075021 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A deeper appreciation of the complex architecture of African genomes is critical to the global effort to understand human history, biology and differential distribution of disease by geography and ancestry. Here, we report on how the growing engagement of African populations in genome science is providing new insights into the forces that shaped human genomes before and after the Out-of-Africa migrations. As a result of this human evolutionary history, African ancestry populations have the greatest genomic diversity in the world, and this diversity has important ramifications for genomic research. In the case of pharmacogenomics, for instance, variants of consequence are not limited to those identified in other populations, and diversity within African ancestry populations precludes summarizing risk across different African ethnic groups. Exposure of Africans to fatal pathogens, such as Plasmodium falciparum, Lassa Virus and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, has resulted in elevated frequencies of alleles conferring survival advantages for infectious diseases, but that are maladaptive in modern-day environments. Illustrating with cardiometabolic traits, we show that while genomic research in African ancestry populations is still in early stages, there are already many examples of novel and African ancestry-specific disease loci that have been discovered. Furthermore, the shorter haplotypes in African genomes have facilitated fine-mapping of loci discovered in other human ancestry populations. Given the insights already gained from the interrogation of African genomes, it is imperative to continue and increase our efforts to describe genomic risk in and across African ancestry populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N. Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy R. Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ayo P. Doumatey
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Shriner
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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12
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Bentley AR, Rotimi CN. Interethnic Differences in Serum Lipids and Implications for Cardiometabolic Disease Risk in African Ancestry Populations. Glob Heart 2017; 12:141-150. [PMID: 28528248 PMCID: PMC5582986 DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
African Americans generally have a healthier lipid profile (lower triglycerides and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration) compared with those of other ethnicities. Paradoxically, African Americans do not experience a decreased risk of the cardiometabolic diseases that serum lipids are expected to predict. This review explores this mismatch between biomarker and disease among African ancestry individuals by investigating the presence of interethnic differences in the biological relationships underlying the serum lipids-disease association. This review also discusses the physiologic and genomic factors underlying these interethnic differences. Additionally, because of the importance of serum lipids in assessing disease risk, interethnic differences in serum lipids have implications for identifying African ancestry individuals at risk of cardiometabolic disease. Where possible, data from Africa is included, to further elucidate these ancestral differences in the context of a different environmental background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Zhang F, Xie D, Liang M, Xiong M. Functional Regression Models for Epistasis Analysis of Multiple Quantitative Traits. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005965. [PMID: 27104857 PMCID: PMC4841563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, most genetic analyses of phenotypes have focused on analyzing single traits or analyzing each phenotype independently. However, joint epistasis analysis of multiple complementary traits will increase statistical power and improve our understanding of the complicated genetic structure of the complex diseases. Despite their importance in uncovering the genetic structure of complex traits, the statistical methods for identifying epistasis in multiple phenotypes remains fundamentally unexplored. To fill this gap, we formulate a test for interaction between two genes in multiple quantitative trait analysis as a multiple functional regression (MFRG) in which the genotype functions (genetic variant profiles) are defined as a function of the genomic position of the genetic variants. We use large-scale simulations to calculate Type I error rates for testing interaction between two genes with multiple phenotypes and to compare the power with multivariate pairwise interaction analysis and single trait interaction analysis by a single variate functional regression model. To further evaluate performance, the MFRG for epistasis analysis is applied to five phenotypes of exome sequence data from the NHLBI’s Exome Sequencing Project (ESP) to detect pleiotropic epistasis. A total of 267 pairs of genes that formed a genetic interaction network showed significant evidence of epistasis influencing five traits. The results demonstrate that the joint interaction analysis of multiple phenotypes has a much higher power to detect interaction than the interaction analysis of a single trait and may open a new direction to fully uncovering the genetic structure of multiple phenotypes. The widely used statistical methods test interaction for single phenotype. However, we often observe pleotropic genetic interaction effects. The simultaneous gene-gene (GxG) interaction analysis of multiple complementary traits will increase statistical power to detect GxG interactions. Although GxG interactions play an important role in uncovering the genetic structure of complex traits, the statistical methods for detecting GxG interactions in multiple phenotypes remains less developed owing to its potential complexity. Therefore, we extend functional regression model from single variate to multivariate for simultaneous GxG interaction analysis of multiple correlated phenotypes. Large-scale simulations are conducted to evaluate Type I error rates for testing interaction between two genes with multiple phenotypes and to compare power with traditional multivariate pair-wise interaction analysis and single trait interaction analysis by a single variate functional regression model. To further evaluate performance, the MFRG for interaction analysis is applied to five phenotypes of exome sequence data from the NHLBI’s Exome Sequencing Project (ESP) to detect pleiotropic GxG interactions. 267 pairs of genes that formed a genetic interaction network showed significant evidence of interactions influencing five traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futao Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, College of Internet of Things, Hohai University, Changzhou, China
| | - Dan Xie
- College of Information Engineering, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Meimei Liang
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Momiao Xiong
- Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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