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Hua H, Li M, Zhai X, Zhou S, Pan Z, Hou Z, Zhou B. Sleep quality correlates with effectiveness of ultrapulse fractional CO 2 laser in the treatment of facial atrophic acne scars. J Dermatol 2024; 51:1120-1124. [PMID: 38292007 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Ultrapulse fractional CO2 laser is effective for acne atrophic scars. Whether this effectiveness is affected by sleep quality remains unclear. Aiming to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and postoperative effectiveness, a retrospective clinical study was conducted, enrolling 83 patients with atrophic acne scar. Sleep quality was measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire at 3 months after the end of the first treatment. The ECCA (échelle d'évaluation clinique des cicatrices d'acné) scale was used to evaluate the clinical effectiveness before and at 3 months after treatment. The patients were divided into a mild to moderate improvement group and a good to excellent improvement group, based on whether they achieved a 50% ECCA improvement rate. PSQI score was higher in the mild and moderate improvement group than in the good to excellent improvement group (7.6 ± 4.5 vs 3.8 ± 1.7, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that both PSQI score (odds ratio = 0.6 [95% CI = 0.5-0.8], p < 0.001) and scar type were correlated with postfractional CO2 laser effectiveness. Pearson correlation analysis suggested that PSQI score was negatively correlated with ECCA decline score (r = -0.6139, p < 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that PSQI score (area under the curve = 0.759) and scar type (area under the curve = 0.737) were all closely correlated with postoperative effectiveness, without statistical difference between their accuracies (p = 0.647). Decision curve analysis demonstrated that both PSQI score and scar type correlated with postoperative effectiveness. Our results demonstrated that sleep quality correlates with the postoperative effectiveness of ultrapulse fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of atrophic acne scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhai
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shu Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhonglan Pan
- Nanjing Yijia Medical Aesthetic Clinic, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuoqiong Hou
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingrong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Park I, Yoshitake R, Kioka K, Ishihara A, Yajima K, Kawana F, Kokubo T, Matsuzaki I, Kanbayashi T, Yanagisawa M, Tokuyama K. Orexin receptor antagonist increases fat oxidation and suppresses protein catabolism during sleep in humans. iScience 2024; 27:110212. [PMID: 38993665 PMCID: PMC11238128 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Suvorexant is an orexin receptor antagonist that targets the wake-promoting system. Orexin is also known to regulate energy metabolism in rodents, but its role in humans remains largely unknown. Here, we assessed the effect of suvorexant (20 mg) on energy metabolism during sleep and shortly after awakening in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 14 healthy men. Suvorexant increased rapid eye movement (REM) but decreased nonrapid eye movement (NREM) stage 1. Energy expenditure during wake after sleep onset (WASO) was higher than that during NREM and REM sleep in the placebo but not in the suvorexant trial, suggesting that the increase in energy expenditure during WASO was due to an activation of the orexin system. Fat oxidation during sleep increased, and its effect remained after waking the next morning. Suvorexant decreased protein catabolism but did not affect overall energy expenditure. The orexin system may affect fat oxidation independent of its roles in sleep regulation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insung Park
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Rikako Yoshitake
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kioka
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Asuka Ishihara
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yajima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Fusae Kawana
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Toshio Kokubo
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ichiyo Matsuzaki
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanbayashi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tokuyama
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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3
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Terzi A, Ngo KJ, Mourrain P. Phylogenetic conservation of the interdependent homeostatic relationship of sleep regulation and redox metabolism. J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:241-252. [PMID: 38324048 PMCID: PMC11233307 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is an essential and evolutionarily conserved process that affects many biological functions that are also strongly regulated by cellular metabolism. The interdependence between sleep homeostasis and redox metabolism, in particular, is such that sleep deprivation causes redox metabolic imbalances in the form of over-production of ROS. Likewise (and vice versa), accumulation of ROS leads to greater sleep pressure. Thus, it is theorized that one of the functions of sleep is to act as the brain's "antioxidant" at night by clearing oxidation built up from daily stress of the active day phase. In this review, we will highlight evidence linking sleep homeostasis and regulation to redox metabolism by discussing (1) the bipartite role that sleep-wake neuropeptides and hormones have in redox metabolism through comparing cross-species cellular and molecular mechanisms, (2) the evolutionarily metabolic changes that accompanied the development of sleep loss in cavefish, and finally, (3) some of the challenges of uncovering the cellular mechanism underpinning how ROS accumulation builds sleep pressure and cellularly, how this pressure is cleared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Terzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Keri J Ngo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Mourrain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- INSERM 1024, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France.
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Yajima K, Chiba S, Park I, Ogata H, Kayaba M, Ishihara A, Tanaka Y, Simeng Z, Jaehoon S, Katakura M, Tokuyama K. Dietary palmitic acid to oleic acid ratio modulates energy metabolism and biological rhythms in young healthy Japanese males. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:447-460. [PMID: 37578022 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the potential role of the composition of dietary fatty acids in the regulation of biological rhythms, such as the sleep architecture, core body temperature and leukocyte clock gene expression, in subjects fed meals rich in palmitic acid (PA) or oleic acid (OA). Eleven males participated in two sessions of indirect calorimetry in a whole-room metabolic chamber. In each session, subjects consumed three meals rich in PA (44·3 % of total fat as PA and 42·3 % as OA) or OA (11·7 % of total fat as PA and 59·3 % as OA) in the metabolic chamber. The ratio of PA to OA in plasma was significantly lower and fat oxidation was significantly higher during 24 h of indirect calorimetry in the session with meals rich in OA than in that with meals rich in PA. The duration of slow wave sleep (SWS) was shorter, the latency of SWS was longer and the nadir of core body temperature after bedtime was later in the session with meals rich in PA than in that with meals rich in OA. The peak in CRY1 gene expression was earlier and its amplitude was higher in the session with meals rich in PA than in that with meals rich in OA. In healthy young males, meals rich in PA decreased fat oxidation and disrupted biological rhythms, particularly the sleep architecture and core body temperature during sleep, more than meals rich in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Yajima
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shuto Chiba
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Insung Park
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ogata
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Momoko Kayaba
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Asuka Ishihara
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Zhang Simeng
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seol Jaehoon
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan (JNIOSH), Kanagawa, Japan
- R&D Center for Tailor-Made QOL, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masanori Katakura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tokuyama
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Kostiew KN, Tuli D, Coborn JE, Sinton CM, Teske JA. Behavioral phenotyping based on physical inactivity can predict sleep in female rats before, during, and after sleep disruption. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 402:110030. [PMID: 38042303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.110030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A noninvasive method that can accurately quantify sleep before, during, and after sleep disruption (SD) has not been validated in female rats across their estrous cycle. In female rats, we hypothesized that the duration of physical inactivity (PIA) required to predict sleep would 1) change with the differences in baseline sleep between the circadian and estrous cycle phases and 2) predict sleep and the change in sleep (Δsleep) before, during, and after SD independent of circadian and estrous cycle phase. NEW METHODS EEG, EMG, physical activity and estrous cycle phase were measured in female Sprague-Dawley rats before, during, and after SD. Sleep was determined by two methods [EEG/EMG and a duration of continuous PIA (i.e., PIA criterion)]. Reliability between the methods was tested with a previously validated criterion (40 s). Sensitivity analyses and criterion-related validity analyses for sleep during SD and recovery were conducted across multiple PIA criteria (10 s-120 s). Predictability between the two methods and Δsleep was calculated. RESULTS/COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Three criteria (10 s, 20 s, 30 s) predicted baseline sleep independent of circadian and estrous cycle phase. Sleep during SD and recovery were predicted by two criteria (30 s and 10 s). Δsleep between study periods was not reliably predicted by a single PIA criterion. CONCLUSION PIA predicted sleep independent of estrous cycle phase in female rats. However, the specific criterion was dependent upon the study period (before, during, and after SD) and circadian phase. Thus, prior work validating a PIA criterion in male rodents is not applicable to the female rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kora N Kostiew
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Diya Tuli
- Keep Engaging Youth in Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jamie E Coborn
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Christopher M Sinton
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jennifer A Teske
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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Stoner L, Higgins S, Paterson C. The 24-h activity cycle and cardiovascular outcomes: establishing biological plausibility using arterial stiffness as an intermediate outcome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1243-H1263. [PMID: 37737729 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00258.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
This review proposes a biologically plausible working model for the relationship between the 24-h activity cycle (24-HAC) and cardiovascular disease. The 24-HAC encompasses moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity, sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep. MVPA confers the greatest relative cardioprotective effect, when considering MVPA represents just 2% of the day if physical activity guidelines (30 min/day) are met. While we have well-established guidelines for MVPA, those for the remaining activity behaviors are vague. The vague guidelines are attributable to our limited mechanistic understanding of the independent and additive effects of these behaviors on the cardiovascular system. Our proposed biological model places arterial stiffness, a measure of vascular aging, as the key intermediate outcome. Starting with prolonged exposure to SB or static standing, we propose that the reported transient increases in arterial stiffness are driven by a cascade of negative hemodynamic effects following venous pooling. The subsequent autonomic, metabolic, and hormonal changes further impair vascular function. Vascular dysfunction can be offset by using mechanistic-informed interruption strategies and by engaging in protective behaviors throughout the day. Physical activity, especially MVPA, can confer protection by chronically improving endothelial function and associated protective mechanisms. Conversely, poor sleep, especially in duration and quality, negatively affects hormonal, metabolic, autonomic, and hemodynamic variables that can confound the physiological responses to next-day activity behaviors. Our hope is that the proposed biologically plausible working model will assist in furthering our understanding of the effects of these complex, interrelated activity behaviors on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, The Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Simon Higgins
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Craig Paterson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
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Andriessen C, Doligkeit D, Moonen-Kornips E, Mensink M, Hesselink MKC, Hoeks J, Schrauwen P. The impact of prolonged fasting on 24h energy metabolism and its 24h rhythmicity in healthy, lean males: A randomized cross-over trial. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:2353-2362. [PMID: 37862821 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human energy expenditure and substrate oxidation are under circadian control and food intake is a time cue for the human biological clock, leading to 24h feeding-fasting cycles in energy and substrate metabolism. In recent years, (intermittent) fasting protocols have also become popular to improve metabolic health. Here, we aimed to investigate the impact of food intake on the 24h patterns of energy metabolism as well as to provide data on the timeline of changes in energy metabolism that occur upon an extended period of fasting. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a randomized, cross-over design, twelve healthy males underwent a 60h fast which was compared to a 60h fed condition. In the fed condition meals were provided at energy balance throughout the study. Conditions were separated by a two week period of habitual diet. Volunteers resided in a respiration chamber for the entire 60h to measure energy expenditure and substrate oxidation hour by hour. Volunteers performed a standardized activity protocol while in the chamber. Blood samples were drawn after 12, 36 and 60h. RESULTS Immediately following the breakfast meal (in the fed condition), fat oxidation became higher in the fasted condition compared to the fed condition and remained elevated throughout the study period. The initial rapid increase in fat oxidation corresponded with a decline in the hepatokine activin A (r = -0.86, p = 0.001). The contribution of fat oxidation to total energy expenditure gradually increased with extended abstinence from food, peaking after 51h of fasting at 160 mg/min. Carbohydrate oxidation stabilized at a low level during the second day of fasting and averaged around 60 mg/min with only modest elevations in response to physical activity. Although 24h energy expenditure was significantly lower with prolonged fasting (11.0 ± 0.4 vs 9.8 ± 0.2 and 10.9 ± 0.3 vs 10.3 ± 0.3 MJ in fed vs fasting, day 2 and 3 respectively, p < 0.01), the 24h fluctuations in energy expenditure were comparable between the fasted and fed condition. The fluctuations in substrate oxidation were, however, significantly (p < 0.001 for both carbohydrate and fat oxidation) altered in the fasted state, favouring fat oxidation. CONCLUSIONS Energy expenditure displays a day-night rhythm, which is independent of food intake. In contrast, the day-night rhythm of both carbohydrate and fat oxidation is mainly driven by food intake. Upon extended fasting, the absolute rate of fat oxidation rapidly increases and keeps increasing during a 60h fast, whereas carbohydrate oxidation becomes progressively diminished. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.trialregister.nl NTR 2042.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Andriessen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Daniel Doligkeit
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Moonen-Kornips
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Mensink
- Division of Human Nutrition & Health, Chairgroup Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Akhlaghi M, Kohanmoo A. Sleep deprivation in development of obesity, effects on appetite regulation, energy metabolism, and dietary choices. Nutr Res Rev 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37905402 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation, which is a decrease in duration and quality of sleep, is a common problem in today's life. Epidemiological and interventional investigations have suggested a link between sleep deprivation and overweight/obesity. Sleep deprivation affects homeostatic and non-homoeostatic regulation of appetite, with the food reward system playing a dominant role. Factors such as sex and weight status affect this regulation; men and individuals with excess weight seem to be more sensitive to reward-driven and hedonistic regulation of food intake. Sleep deprivation may also affect weight through affecting physical activity and energy expenditure. In addition, sleep deprivation influences food selection and eating behaviours, which are mainly managed by the food reward system. Sleep-deprived individuals mostly crave for palatable energy-dense foods and have low desire for fruit and vegetables. Consumption of meals may not change but energy intake from snacks increases. The individuals have more desire for snacks with high sugar and saturated fat content. The relationship between sleep and the diet is mutual, implying that diet and eating behaviours also affect sleep duration and quality. Consuming healthy diets containing fruit and vegetables and food sources of protein and unsaturated fats and low quantities of saturated fat and sugar may be used as a diet strategy to improve sleep. Since the effects of sleep deficiency differ between animals and humans, only evidence from human subject studies has been included, controversies are discussed and the need for future investigations is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Kohanmoo
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Seol J, Kokudo C, Park I, Zhang S, Yajima K, Okura T, Tokuyama K. Energy metabolism and thermoregulation during sleep in young and old females. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10416. [PMID: 37369712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Core body temperature (CBT) shows a diurnal rhythm, and the nocturnal decrease in CBT is blunted in older people. The physiological mechanisms responsible for the blunted nocturnal decrease in CBT in older people remain to be revealed. The aim of this study was to compare heat production and heat dissipation in young and old subjects during sleep, as assessed by indirect calorimetry and the distal-proximal temperature gradient (DPG) of skin temperature. A complete dataset of 9 young (23.3 ± 1.1 years) and 8 old (72.1 ± 2.5 years) females was analyzed. CBT and energy metabolism were monitored during sleep using an ingestible temperature sensor in a metabolic chamber maintained at 25 °C. Skin temperature was measured at proximal and distal parts of the body. CBT, distal skin temperature, and DPG in older subjects were higher than in young subjects. Protein oxidation was similar between the two groups, but fat oxidation was lower and carbohydrate oxidation was higher in old subjects compared to young subjects. On the other hand, energy expenditure was similar between the two age groups. Thus, the elevated CBT in older subjects was not attributed to deteriorated heat dissipation or enhanced heat production, suggesting an alternative explanation such as deteriorated evaporative heat loss in old subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Seol
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
- R&D Center for Tailor-Made QOL, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kokudo
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Insung Park
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Simeng Zhang
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yajima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Okura
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- R&D Center for Tailor-Made QOL, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Institute of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tokuyama
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Watanabe K, Nakano M, Maruyama Y, Hirayama J, Suzuki N, Hattori A. Nocturnal melatonin increases glucose uptake via insulin-independent action in the goldfish brain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1173113. [PMID: 37288290 PMCID: PMC10242130 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1173113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, a neurohormone nocturnally produced by the pineal gland, is known to regulate the circadian rhythm. It has been recently reported that variants of melatonin receptors are associated with an increased risk of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes, suggesting that melatonin may be involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Insulin is a key hormone that regulates circulating glucose levels and cellular metabolism after food intake in many tissues, including the brain. Although cells actively uptake glucose even during sleep and without food, little is known regarding the physiological effects of nocturnal melatonin on glucose homeostasis. Therefore, we presume the involvement of melatonin in the diurnal rhythm of glucose metabolism, independent of insulin action after food intake. In the present study, goldfish (Carassius auratus) was used as an animal model, since this species has no insulin-dependent glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). We found that in fasted individuals, plasma melatonin levels were significantly higher and insulin levels were significantly lower during the night. Furthermore, glucose uptake in the brain, liver, and muscle tissues also significantly increased at night. After intraperitoneal administration of melatonin, glucose uptake by the brain and liver showed significantly greater increases than in the control group. The administration of melatonin also significantly decreased plasma glucose levels in hyperglycemic goldfish, but failed to alter insulin mRNA expression in Brockmann body and plasma insulin levels. Using an insulin-free medium, we demonstrated that melatonin treatment increased glucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner in primary cell cultures of goldfish brain and liver cells. Moreover, the addition of a melatonin receptor antagonist decreased glucose uptake in hepatocytes, but not in brain cells. Next, treatment with N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK), a melatonin metabolite in the brain, directly increased glucose uptake in cultured brain cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that melatonin is a possible circadian regulator of glucose homeostasis, whereas insulin acquires its effect on glucose metabolism following food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Watanabe
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakano
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Maruyama
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Sport and Wellness, College of Sport and Wellness, Rikkyo University, Niiza, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Sustainable Systems Science, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-Cho, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hattori
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Sport and Wellness, College of Sport and Wellness, Rikkyo University, Niiza, Saitama, Japan
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11
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Shan J, Song Y, Wang Y, Fan P, Lu B, Luo J, Xu W, Jing L, Mo F, Hu R, Luo Y, Mao G, Wang Y, Cai X. Highly Activated Neuronal Firings Monitored by Implantable Microelectrode Array in the Paraventricular Thalamus of Insomnia Rats. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4629. [PMID: 37430543 DOI: 10.3390/s23104629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder around the world, which is harmful to people's health, daily life, and work. The paraventricular thalamus (PVT) plays an essential role in the sleep-wake transition. However, high temporal-spatial resolution microdevice technology is lacking for accurate detection and regulation of deep brain nuclei. The means for analyzing sleep-wake mechanisms and treating sleep disorders are limited. To detect the relationship between the PVT and insomnia, we designed and fabricated a special microelectrode array (MEA) to record electrophysiological signals of the PVT for insomnia and control rats. Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) were modified onto an MEA, which caused the impedance to decrease and improved the signal-to-noise ratio. We established the model of insomnia in rats and analyzed and compared the neural signals in detail before and after insomnia. In insomnia, the spike firing rate was increased from 5.48 ± 0.28 spike/s to 7.39 ± 0.65 spike/s, and the power of local field potential (LFP) decreased in the delta frequency band and increased in the beta frequency band. Furthermore, the synchronicity between PVT neurons declined, and burst-like firing was observed. Our study found neurons of the PVT were more activated in the insomnia state than in the control state. It also provided an effective MEA to detect the deep brain signals at the cellular level, which conformed with macroscopical LFP and insomnia symptoms. These results laid the foundation for studying PVT and the sleep-wake mechanism and were also helpful for treating sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yilin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Penghui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Botao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Luyi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruilin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Gang Mao
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xinxia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Ishihara A, Courville AB, Chen KY. The Complex Effects of Light on Metabolism in Humans. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061391. [PMID: 36986120 PMCID: PMC10056135 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is an essential part of many life forms. The natural light–dark cycle has been the dominant stimulus for circadian rhythms throughout human evolution. Artificial light has restructured human activity and provided opportunities to extend the day without reliance on natural day–night cycles. The increase in light exposure at unwanted times or a reduced dynamic range of light between the daytime and nighttime has introduced negative consequences for human health. Light exposure is closely linked to sleep–wake regulation, activity and eating patterns, body temperature, and energy metabolism. Disruptions to these areas due to light are linked to metabolic abnormalities such as an increased risk of obesity and diabetes. Research has revealed that various properties of light influence metabolism. This review will highlight the complex role of light in human physiology, with a specific emphasis on metabolic regulation from the perspective of four main properties of light (intensity, duration, timing of exposure, and wavelength). We also discuss the potential influence of the key circadian hormone melatonin on sleep and metabolic physiology. We explore the relationship between light and metabolism through circadian physiology in various populations to understand the optimal use of light to mitigate short and long-term health consequences.
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13
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Association analyses of the autosomal genome and mitochondrial DNA with accelerometry-derived sleep parameters in depressed UK biobank subjects. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 157:152-161. [PMID: 36463630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bidirectional relationship between sleep disturbances and depression is well documented, yet the biology of sleep is not fully understood. Mitochondria have become of interest not only because of the connection between sleep and metabolism but also because of mitochondria's involvement in the production of reactive oxygen species, which are largely scavenged during sleep. METHODS Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of eight accelerometry-derived sleep measures were performed across both the autosomal and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) among two severity levels of depression in UK Biobank participants. We calculated SNP heritability for each of the sleep measures. Linear regression was performed to test associations and mitochondrial haplogroups. RESULTS Variants included in the GWAS accounted for moderate heritability of bedtime (19.6%, p = 4.75 × 10-7), sleep duration (16.6%, p = 8.58 × 10-6) and duration of longest sleep bout (22.6%, p = 4.64 × 10-4). No variants passed genome-wide significance in the autosomal genome. The top hit in the severe depression sample was rs145019802, near GOLGA8B, for sleep efficiency (p = 1.17 × 10-7), and the top hit in the broad depression sample was rs7100859, an intergenic SNP, and nap duration (p = 1.25 × 10-7). Top mtDNA loci were m.12633C > A of MT-ND5 with bedtime (p = 0.002) in the severe sample and m.16186C > T of the control region with nap duration (p = 0.002) in the broad sample. CONCLUSION SNP heritability estimates support the involvement of common SNPs in specific sleep measures among depressed individuals. This is the first study to analyze mtDNA variance in sleep measures in depressed individuals. Our mtDNA findings, although nominally significant, provide preliminary suggestion that mitochondria are involved in sleep.
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Seol J, Lee J, Park I, Tokuyama K, Fukusumi S, Kokubo T, Yanagisawa M, Okura T. Bidirectional associations between physical activity and sleep in older adults: a multilevel analysis using polysomnography. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15399. [PMID: 36100642 PMCID: PMC9470065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAlthough recent studies have examined the bidirectional associations between physical activity and sleep parameters, few have focused on older adults utilizing objective assessments, such as polysomnography. This micro-longitudinal observational study included 92 Japanese older adults (aged 65–86 years) who underwent objective evaluations of sleep quality using polysomnography and completed subjective sleep-related questionnaires. Activity levels were assessed using an accelerometer. Polysomnography, subjective sleep-related questionnaires, and accelerometer were administered for 7 consecutive days. Multilevel models (participant-, day-level) were used to examine the temporal associations of objective and subjective sleep parameters with sedentary behavior and physical activity. In the day-level analysis, higher levels of sedentary behavior during daytime were associated with longer rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, shorter REM latency, lower levels of non-REM sleep (stage N3), and reduced delta power during daytime. Higher levels of low-intensity physical activity during daytime were associated with lower levels of REM sleep, longer REM latency, and increased stage N3 sleep in the day-level analysis. Higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were associated with increased REM latency. Longer subjective sleep time was associated with increased next-day moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Thus, low-intensity physical activity may provide objective benefits related to deep sleep parameters in older adults.
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15
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Metabolic rate and substrate oxidation of young males with obesity at the different sleep stages. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022; 16:17-22. [PMID: 34992002 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insufficient and poor-quality sleep among young adults is closely related to obesity and may impact metabolic processes. The mobilization and use of endogenous substrates during sleep, especially fat oxidation, is essential for energy metabolism. This study investigated whether there are differences in sleep structure, metabolic rate, substrate oxidation, and the respiratory quotient (RQ) between young males with normal weight and obesity according to sleep stages and overnight sleep. METHODS Fifteen young males with normal weight and fifteen with obesity posited electrodes of polysomnography (PSG) and slept in the metabolic chamber for estimation of sleep structure, sleep metabolic rate (SMR), carbohydrate oxidation (CHOO), fat oxidation (FATO), and RQ. Fat-free mass (FFM) was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. RESULTS The sleep period time (p = 0.038) and total sleep time (p = 0.032) were significantly shorter in the obesity group than in the normal-weight group. The obesity group also had a longer sleep latency (p = 0.034) and more sleep-turning events (p = 0.018). CHOO/FFM and the RQ were higher in the obesity group while FATO/FFM was significantly higher in the normal-weight group. FATO/FFM was also higher in the normal-weight group in each sleep stage whereas the RQ was higher in the obesity group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Young males with obesity showed lower fat oxidation and more dominant carbohydrate-derived fuel oxidation than normal-weight during sleep and experienced shorter sleep periods and total sleep time.
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16
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Circadian Clocks, Sleep, and Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34773224 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81147-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A molecular circadian clock exists not only in the brain, but also in most cells of the body. Research over the past two decades has demonstrated that it directs daily rhythmicity of nearly every aspect of metabolism. It also consolidates sleep-wake behavior each day into an activity/feeding period and a sleep/fasting period. Otherwise, sleep-wake states are mostly controlled by hypothalamic and thalamic regulatory circuits in the brain that direct overall brain state. Recent evidence suggests that hypothalamic control of appetite and metabolism may be concomitant with sleep-wake regulation, and even share the same control centers. Thus, circadian control of metabolic pathways might be overlaid by sleep-wake control of the same pathways, providing a flexible and redundant system to modify metabolism according to both activity and environment.
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17
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Fan X, Sakamoto M, Shao H, Kuga K, Ito K, Lan L, Wargocki P. Emission rate of carbon dioxide while sleeping. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:2142-2157. [PMID: 34337798 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Humans emit carbon dioxide (CO2 ) as a product of their metabolism. Its concentration in buildings is used as a marker of ventilation rate (VR) and degree of mixing of supply air, and indoor air quality (IAQ). The CO2 emission rate (CER) may be used to estimate the ventilation rate. Many studies have measured CERs from subjects who were awake but little data are available from sleeping subjects and the present publication was intended to reduce this gap in knowledge. Seven females (29 ± 5 years old; BMI: 22.2 ± 0.8 kg/m2 ) and four males (27 ± 1 years old; BMI: 20.5 ± 1.5 kg/m2 ) slept for four consecutive nights in a specially constructed capsule at two temperatures (24 and 28°C) and two VRs that maintained CO2 levels at ca. 800 ppm and 1700 ppm simulating sleeping conditions reported in the literature. The order of exposure was balanced, and the first night was for adaptation. Their physiological responses, including heart rate, pNN50, core body temperature, and skin temperature, were measured as well as sleep quality, and subjective responses were collected each evening and morning. Measured steady-state CO2 concentrations during sleep were used to estimate CERs with a mass-balance equation. The average CER was 11.0 ± 1.4 L/h per person and was 8% higher for males than for females (P < 0.05). Increasing the temperature or decreasing IAQ by decreasing VR had no effects on measured CERs and caused no observable differences in physiological responses. We also calculated CERs for sleeping subjects using the published data on sleep energy expenditure (SEE) and Respiratory Quotient (RQ), and our measured CERs confirmed both these calculations and the CERs predicted using the equations provided by ASHRAE Standard 62.1, ASHRAE Handbook, and ASTM D6245-18. The present results provide a valuable and helpful reference for the design and control of bedroom ventilation but require confirmation and extension to other age groups and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Fan
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mitsuharu Sakamoto
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Huiqi Shao
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Kazuki Kuga
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ito
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Li Lan
- Department of Architecture, School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pawel Wargocki
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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18
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Nowak N, Gaisl T, Miladinovic D, Marcinkevics R, Osswald M, Bauer S, Buhmann J, Zenobi R, Sinues P, Brown SA, Kohler M. Rapid and reversible control of human metabolism by individual sleep states. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109903. [PMID: 34706242 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is crucial to restore body functions and metabolism across nearly all tissues and cells, and sleep restriction is linked to various metabolic dysfunctions in humans. Using exhaled breath analysis by secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry, we measured the human exhaled metabolome at 10-s resolution across a night of sleep in combination with conventional polysomnography. Our subsequent analysis of almost 2,000 metabolite features demonstrates rapid, reversible control of major metabolic pathways by the individual vigilance states. Within this framework, whereas a switch to wake reduces fatty acid oxidation, a switch to slow-wave sleep increases it, and the transition to rapid eye movement sleep results in elevation of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. Thus, in addition to daily regulation of metabolism, there exists a surprising and complex underlying orchestration across sleep and wake. Both likely play an important role in optimizing metabolic circuits for human performance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Nowak
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gaisl
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Martin Osswald
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Bauer
- Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Buhmann
- Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Sinues
- University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil 4123, Switzerland
| | - Steven A Brown
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Known as metabolic flexibility, oxidized substrate is selected in response to changes in the nutritional state. Sleep imposes an extended duration of fasting, and oxidized substrates during sleep were assumed to progressively shift from carbohydrate to fat, thereby gradually decreasing the respiratory quotient (RQ). Contrary to this assumption, whole-room indirect calorimetry with improved time resolution revealed that RQ re-ascended prior to awakening, and nadir of RQ in non-obese young adults occurred earlier in women than men after bedtime. The transient decrease in RQ during sleep was blunted in metabolically inflexible men with smaller amplitude of diurnal rhythm in RQ. Similarly, the effect of 10 years difference in age on RQ became significant during sleep; the decrease in RQ during sleep was blunted in older subjects. Inter-individual difference in RQ become apparent during sleep, and it might serve as a window to gain insight into the early-stage pathogenesis of metabolic inflexibility.
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20
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Ishihara A, Park I, Suzuki Y, Yajima K, Cui H, Yanagisawa M, Sano T, Kido J, Tokuyama K. Metabolic responses to polychromatic LED and OLED light at night. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12402. [PMID: 34117328 PMCID: PMC8196130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91828-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Light exposure at night has various implications for human health, but little is known about its effects on energy metabolism during subsequent sleep. We investigated the effects of polychromatic white light using conventional light-emitting diodes (LED) and an alternative light source, organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), producing reduced spectral content in the short wavelength of blue light (455 nm). Ten male participants were exposed to either LED, OLED (1000 lx), or dim (< 10 lx) light for 4 h before sleep in a metabolic chamber. Following OLED exposure, energy expenditure and core body temperature during sleep were significantly decreased (p < 0.001). Fat oxidation during sleep was significantly reduced (p = 0.001) after the exposure to LED compared with OLED. Following exposure to OLED, fat oxidation positively correlated with the 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels, suggesting that the role of melatonin in lipolysis differs depending on the light. These findings advance our knowledge regarding the role of light in energy metabolism during sleep and provide a potential alternative to mitigate the negative consequences of light exposure at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Ishihara
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan ,grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Insung Park
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yoko Suzuki
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yajima
- grid.411949.00000 0004 1770 2033Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Huiyun Cui
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Takeshi Sano
- grid.268394.20000 0001 0674 7277Innovation Center for Organic Electronics, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Junji Kido
- grid.268394.20000 0001 0674 7277Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tokuyama
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
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21
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Xing C, Zhou Y, Xu H, Ding M, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Hu M, Huang X, Song L. Sleep disturbance induces depressive behaviors and neuroinflammation by altering the circadian oscillations of clock genes in rats. Neurosci Res 2021; 171:124-132. [PMID: 33785408 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sleep loss leads to a spectrum of mood disorders such as anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder and depression in many individuals. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, sleep-disturbed animals were tested for anxiety and depressive behaviors. We then studied the effects of SD on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function by measuring serum and CSF levels of corticosterone (CORT), and at the end of the experiment, brains were collected to measure the circadian oscillations of clock genes expression in the hypothalamus, glial cell activation and inflammatory cytokine alterations. Our results indicated that SD for 3 days resulted in anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. SD exaggerated cortisol response to HPA axis, significantly altered the circadian oscillations of clock genes, decreased the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 and Claudin 5 and increased the number of GFAP-positive cells and Iba-1-positive cells and caused subsequent elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα. These findings demonstrated that SD for 3 days induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in rats in company with altering the circadian oscillations of clock genes and inducing neuroinflammation, indicating the underlying mechanism of sleep loss induced neuronal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xing
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yanzhao Zhou
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Mengnan Ding
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Meiru Hu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Lun Song
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
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22
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Exercise improves the quality of slow-wave sleep by increasing slow-wave stability. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4410. [PMID: 33627708 PMCID: PMC7904822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise can improve sleep by reducing sleep latency and increasing slow-wave sleep (SWS). Some studies, however, report adverse effects of exercise on sleep architecture, possibly due to a wide variety of experimental conditions used. We examined the effect of exercise on quality of sleep using standardized exercise parameters and novel analytical methods. In a cross-over intervention study we examined the effect of 60 min of vigorous exercise at 60% [Formula: see text]max on the metabolic state, assessed by core body temperature and indirect calorimetry, and on sleep quality during subsequent sleep, assessed by self-reported quality of sleep and polysomnography. In a novel approach, envelope analysis was performed to assess SWS stability. Exercise increased energy expenditure throughout the following sleep phase. The subjective assessment of sleep quality was not improved by exercise. Polysomnography revealed a shorter rapid eye movement latency and reduced time spent in SWS. Detailed analysis of the sleep electro-encephalogram showed significantly increased delta power in SWS (N3) together with increased SWS stability in early sleep phases, based on delta wave envelope analysis. Although vigorous exercise does not lead to a subjective improvement in sleep quality, sleep function is improved on the basis of its effect on objective EEG parameters.
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23
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Zhang S, Osumi H, Uchizawa A, Hamada H, Park I, Suzuki Y, Tanaka Y, Ishihara A, Yajima K, Seol J, Satoh M, Omi N, Tokuyama K. Changes in sleeping energy metabolism and thermoregulation during menstrual cycle. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14353. [PMID: 31981319 PMCID: PMC6981303 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with ovulatory menstrual cycles show an increase in body temperature in the luteal phase, compared with follicular phase, particularly during the night. Several, albeit not all, studies reported higher energy expenditure in the luteal phase compared with follicular phase. Q10 of biological reactions lies between 2.0 and 3.0, predicting a 7‐12% increase in energy expenditure when body temperature rises by 1°C. In this study, temperature dependence of energy expenditure was assessed by comparing changes in sleeping energy expenditure and thermoregulation with menstrual cycle in 9 young females. Energy expenditure was measured using a metabolic chamber, in which sleep was recorded polysomnographically, and core body temperature and skin temperature were continuously monitored. Distal‐to‐proximal skin temperature gradient was assessed as an index of heat dissipation. In the luteal phase, a significant increase in average core body temperature (+0.27°C) and energy expenditure (+6.9%) were observed. Heat dissipation was suppressed during the first 2 hr of sleep in the luteal phase, compared with follicular phase. Rise in basal body temperature in the luteal phase was accompanied by increased energy expenditure and suppressed heat dissipation. The 6.9% increase in metabolic rate would require a Q10 of 12.4 to be attributable solely to temperature (+0.27°C), suggesting that energy expenditure in the luteal phase is enhanced through the mechanism, dependent and independent of luteal‐phase rise in body temperature presumably reflects other effects of the sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Zhang
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Haruka Osumi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akiko Uchizawa
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Haruka Hamada
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Insung Park
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoko Suzuki
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Asuka Ishihara
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yajima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Jaehoon Seol
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Makoto Satoh
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naomi Omi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tokuyama
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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24
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Ischander MM, Lloyd RD. Severe paediatric obesity and sleep: A mutual interactive relationship! J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13162. [PMID: 33029830 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Childhood severe obesity is a serious, urgent and complex global health problem with long-term co-morbidities. Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing is more common in obese children and adolescents. Increased body mass index is associated with an increase in apnea-hypopnea index. Obstructive sleep apnea leads to a decrease in rapid eye movement sleep, and obese children have been noted to have a decrease in rapid eye movement sleep, leading to weight gain. Short sleep duration and poor sleep quality are associated with childhood obesity and cardiometabolic risks. Public health strategies for obesity prevention should focus more on sleep. Targeting childhood obesity is important in the prevention and management of obstructive sleep-disordered breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam M Ischander
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Robert D Lloyd
- Phoenix Children's Pediatric Residency Program Alliance, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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25
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Chen KY, Smith S, Ravussin E, Krakoff J, Plasqui G, Tanaka S, Murgatroyd P, Brychta R, Bock C, Carnero E, Schoffelen P, Hatamoto Y, Rynders C, Melanson EL. Room Indirect Calorimetry Operating and Reporting Standards (RICORS 1.0): A Guide to Conducting and Reporting Human Whole-Room Calorimeter Studies. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1613-1625. [PMID: 32841524 PMCID: PMC7526647 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Whole-room indirect calorimeters have been used to study human metabolism for more than a century. These studies have contributed substantial knowledge to the assessment of nutritional needs and the regulation of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in humans. However, comparing results from studies conducted at different sites is challenging because of a lack of consistency in reporting technical performance, study design, and results. In May 2019, an expert panel was convened to consider minimal requirements for conducting and reporting the results of human whole-room indirect calorimeter studies. We propose Room Indirect Calorimetry Operating and Reporting Standards, version 1.0 (RICORS 1.0) to provide guidance to ensure consistency and facilitate meaningful comparisons of human energy metabolism studies across publications, laboratories, and clinical sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong Y. Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda MD USA
| | - Steve Smith
- Translational Research Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Guy Plasqui
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre +Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Shigeho Tanaka
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter Murgatroyd
- NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Brychta
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda MD USA
| | - Christopher Bock
- Translational Research Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL USA
| | - Elvis Carnero
- Translational Research Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL USA
| | - Paul Schoffelen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre +Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre +Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yoichi Hatamoto
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Corey Rynders
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edward L. Melanson
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, USA
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26
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Chen S, Scott C, Pearce JV, Farrar JS, Evans RK, Celi FS. An appraisal of whole-room indirect calorimeters and a metabolic cart for measuring resting and active metabolic rates. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14343. [PMID: 32868770 PMCID: PMC7459349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-room indirect calorimeters (WRICs) have traditionally been used for real-time resting metabolic rate (RMR) measurements, while metabolic rate (MR) during short-interval exercises has commonly been measured by metabolic carts (MCs). This study aims to investigate the feasibility of incorporating short-interval exercises into WRIC study protocols by comparing the performance of WRICs and an MC. We assessed the 40-min RMR of 15 subjects with 2-day repeats and the 10-15 min activity MR (AMR) of 14 subjects at three intensities, using a large WRIC, a small WRIC, and an MC. We evaluated the biases between the instruments and quantified sources of variation using variance component analysis. All three instruments showed good agreement for both RMR (maximum bias = 0.07 kcal/min) and AMR assessment (maximum bias = 0.53 kcal/min). Moreover, the majority of the variability was between-subject and between-intensity variation, whereas the types of instrument contributed only a small amount to total variation in RMR (2%) and AMR (0.2%) data. In Conclusion, the good reproducibility among the instruments indicates that they may be used interchangeably in well-designed studies. Overall, WRICs can serve as an accurate and versatile means of assessing MR, capable of integrating RMR and short-interval AMR assessments into a single protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7-007, PO Box 980111, Richmond, VA, 23298-0111, USA.
| | - Cory Scott
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - Janina V Pearce
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7-007, PO Box 980111, Richmond, VA, 23298-0111, USA
| | - Jared S Farrar
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7-007, PO Box 980111, Richmond, VA, 23298-0111, USA
| | - Ronald K Evans
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - Francesco S Celi
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7-007, PO Box 980111, Richmond, VA, 23298-0111, USA.
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27
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Distinct effects of orexin receptor antagonist and GABA A agonist on sleep and physical/cognitive functions after forced awakening. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24353-24358. [PMID: 31712421 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907354116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with insomnia are treated with hypnotic agents. In the present study, we evaluated the side-effect profile of an orexin receptor antagonist and γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor agonist on physical/cognitive functions upon forced awakening. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was conducted on 30 healthy male subjects. Fifteen minutes before bedtime, the subjects took a pill of suvorexant (20 mg), brotizolam (0.25 mg), or placebo and were forced awake 90 min thereafter. Physical- and cognitive-function tests were performed before taking the pill, after forced awakening, and the next morning. Polysomnographic recordings revealed that the efficacies of the hypnotic agents in prolonging total sleep time (∼30 min) and increasing sleep efficiency (∼6%) were comparable. When the subjects were allowed to go back to sleep after the forced awakening, the sleep latency was shorter under the influence of hypnotic agents (∼2 min) compared to the placebo trial (24 min), and the rapid eye movement latency was significantly shorter under suvorexant (98.8, 81.7, and 48.8 min for placebo, brotizolam, and suvorexant, respectively). Although brotizolam significantly impaired the overall physical/cognitive performance (sum of z score) compared with placebo upon forced awakening, there was no significant difference in the total z score of performance between suvorexant and placebo. Notably, the score for static balance with the eyes open was higher under suvorexant compared to brotizolam administration. The energy expenditure was lower under suvorexant and brotizolam compared with the placebo. The effect size of brotizolam (d = 0.24) to reduce the energy expenditure was larger than that of suvorexant (d < 0.01).
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28
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Akazawa N, Kobayashi N, Nakamura Y, Kumagai H, Choi Y, Maeda S. Effect of sleep efficiency on salivary metabolite profile and cognitive function during exercise in volleyball athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:2215-2223. [PMID: 31407087 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep duration is known to affect physiological and circadian metabolites and human homeostasis. However, little is known about the relationship between sleep quality and metabolite and cognitive function during exercise. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of sleep quality on metabolite level and cognitive function in female volleyball athletes. METHODS Twelve female volleyball athletes participated in this study. Sleep efficiency was measured for 1 week using NemuriSCAN (Paramount Bed Co. Ltd., Japan) as an index of sleep quality. The subjects were divided into better (n = 6) and lesser (n = 6) sleep quality groups by the median value of sleep efficiency. Saliva samples were collected using a Salimetric oral swab cotton and salivary metabolites were analysed using capillary electrophoresis and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The subjects performed Stroop tasks (simple and difficult tasks) at rest and during aerobic exercise in recumbent cycle ergometer at light and heavy intensity. RESULTS Increased sleep efficiency was found in the better sleep quality group, whereas total sleep time was similar. There were differences in urea cycle and Krebs cycle metabolites between the two groups; their levels were correlated with sleep efficiency. The difficult-task response time during heavy exercise was faster in the better sleep quality group. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that sleep efficiency was associated with urea cycle and Krebs cycle metabolite levels and response time during heavy exercise in volleyball athletes. These results suggested that sleep quality may affect amino acid and energy metabolism and cognitive function during heavy exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Akazawa
- Department of Sport Sciences, Japan Institute of Sport Sciences, 3-15-1 Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Naoko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kumagai
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraga-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Koji-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youngju Choi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.
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29
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Chen P, Yao H, Su W, He Y, Cheng K, Wang Y, Peng W, Li P. Sleep deprivation worsened oral ulcers and delayed healing process in an experimental rat model. Life Sci 2019; 232:116594. [PMID: 31233761 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sleep deficiency has been reported to be associated with some oral health problems. Oral ulcers are very common lesions of the oral mucosa, which severely impact patients' quality of life. However, the association between sleep deficiency and the oral ulcer remains unknown. The present study aims to explore the effects of sleep deficiency on oral ulcers. MAIN METHODS Rats were divided into normal control group (n = 30) and oral ulcer group (OU group, n = 50). Model rats with phenol-induced oral ulcers were deprived of sleep for 72 h by using the modified multiple platform technique. KEY FINDINGS Sleep deprivation worsened oral ulcers and delayed healing process in rats. In addition, sleep deprivation increased the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA, P < 0.01) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, P < 0.05) levels in serum and brain, the corticotrophin (ACTH, P < 0.05), corticosterone (CORT, P < 0.01), immunoglobulin (Ig)M (P < 0.01), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (P < 0.01), interleukin (IL)-1β (P < 0.01), IL-6 (P < 0.01), IL-8 (P < 0.01), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (P < 0.01), and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, P < 0.01) levels in serum. Sleep deprivation also up-regulated malonaldehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05), TNF-α (P < 0.05), and IL-1β (P < 0.01) levels in oral mucosa tissue and delayed superoxide dismutase (SOD, P < 0.05) activity recovery. SIGNIFICANCE These data suggest that sleep deprivation impaired the oral ulcer healing in rat oral mucosa, and the mechanisms of this effect are probably related to neuro-immuno-endocrine system and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yudong He
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Keling Cheng
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Peibo Li
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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30
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Silvani A, Cerri M, Zoccoli G, Swoap SJ. Is Adenosine Action Common Ground for NREM Sleep, Torpor, and Other Hypometabolic States? Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 33:182-196. [PMID: 29616880 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00007.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review compares two states that lower energy expenditure: non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and torpor. Knowledge on mechanisms common to these states, and particularly on the role of adenosine in NREM sleep, may ultimately open the possibility of inducing a synthetic torpor-like state in humans for medical applications and long-term space travel. To achieve this goal, it will be important, in perspective, to extend the study to other hypometabolic states, which, unlike torpor, can also be experienced by humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Silvani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Matteo Cerri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy.,National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Section of Bologna, Bologna , Italy
| | - Giovanna Zoccoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Steven J Swoap
- Department of Biology, Williams College , Williamstown, Massachusetts
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31
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of the present paper is to review current literature supporting the occurrence of fundamental changes in brain energy metabolism during the transition from wakefulness to sleep. RECENT FINDINGS Latest research in the field indicates that glucose utilization and the concentrations of several brain metabolites consistently change across the sleep-wake cycle. Lactate, a product of glycolysis that is involved in synaptic plasticity, has emerged as a good biomarker of brain state. Sleep-induced changes in cerebral metabolite levels result from a shift in oxidative metabolism, which alters the reliance of brain metabolism upon carbohydrates. We found wide support for the notion that brain energetics is state dependent. In particular, fatty acids and ketone bodies partly replace glucose as cerebral energy source during sleep. This mechanism plausibly accounts for increases in biosynthetic pathways and functional alterations in neuronal activity associated with sleep. A better account of brain energy metabolism during sleep might help elucidate the long mysterious restorative effects of sleep for the whole organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Nielsen Aalling
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 14, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 14, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, NY, 14640, USA
| | - Mauro DiNuzzo
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 14, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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32
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Farr OM, Mantzoros CS. Advances at the intersection of sleep and metabolism research. Metabolism 2018; 84:1-2. [PMID: 29634954 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Farr
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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33
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Roche J, Gillet V, Perret F, Mougin F. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Sleep Architecture in Adolescents With Severe Obesity: Effects of a 9-Month Lifestyle Modification Program Based on Regular Exercise and a Balanced Diet. J Clin Sleep Med 2018; 14:967-976. [PMID: 29852904 PMCID: PMC5991961 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.7162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Physical exercise and lifestyle modification are recognized as adjunct therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in overweight adults. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of long-term physical exercise combined with a balanced diet on sleep architecture, sleep duration, and OSA in adolescents with severe obesity. METHODS This interventional study was conducted in a nursing institution. Participants were aged 14.6 ± 1.2 years with obesity (body mass index (BMI) = 40.2 ± 6.5 kg/m2). At admission and at 9 months, participants underwent ambulatory polysomnography and incremental maximal exercise testing to determine cardiorespiratory fitness. RESULTS Twenty-four subjects completed the study. Analyses were performed on the whole population and on a subgroup of subjects with OSA (OSA-subgroup). OSA, defined as obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) ≥ 2 events/h, was diagnosed in 58.3% of the population. OAHI was only associated with fat mass in males (r = .75, P < .05). At 9 months postintervention, weight loss (-11.1 kg, P < .0001) and improved cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak: +4.9 mL/min/kg, P < .001) were found in the whole population. Sleep duration was increased (+34 minutes, P < .05) and sleep architecture was changed with an increase of rapid eye movement sleep (+2.5%, P < .05) and a decrease of stage N3 sleep (-3.1%, P < .001). Similar results were found in the OSA subgroup. However, OAHI remained unchanged (P = .18). CONCLUSIONS A combination of supervised aerobic exercise and a balanced diet led to weight loss, improved aerobic capacity, and modified sleep architecture without changes in OSA. COMMENTARY A commentary on this article appears in this issue on page 907. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov, Title: Exercise and Venous Compression on Upper Airway Resistance in Obese Teenagers With OSA (OBESOMAC), URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02588469, Identifier: NCT02588469.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Roche
- Research Unit EA3920, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Sports Science Faculty, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Sleep Medicine Center, Ellipse, Franois, France
| | | | | | - Fabienne Mougin
- Research Unit EA3920, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Sports Science Faculty, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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