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Ge Y, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Jiang F, Lu X, Wu C. Shared genes of polycystic ovary syndrome and sedentary behavior as a novel immune landscape biomarker for endometrial cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19111. [PMID: 39154063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is associated with significant risk factors such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and sedentary behavior. In our study, we aim to employ machine learning algorithms to investigate the potential molecular processes that underlie their interaction and explore their respective roles in the diagnosis and immunotherapy of EC. The GEO database provides access to microarray data, which was utilized in this study to identify gene expression modules associated with PCOS and sedentary behavior, using weighted gene expression network analysis (WGCNA). Cluego software was then employed to investigate the energy enrichment of shared pathways in both PCOS and sedentary individuals, and differential gene analysis was used to confirm another two databases. The miRNAs-mRNAs controlled network was constructed to verify the pathway. The immune-related factors of the shared pathway in EC were then analyzed. Finally, to validate our findings, we conducted cell experiments using EC cell lines (AN3CA, KLE, Ishikawa, RL95-2, and HEC-1A). We found that increased intracellular aromatic compound anabolism is a common feature of both PCOS and sedentary individuals. We then developed a disease pathway model that was based on the common genetic characteristics of PCOS and sedentary behavior. We utilized pathway typing in EC samples and found a significant survival difference between the two subgroups, with the upregulated expression type exhibiting an immune-hot phenotype. Finally, the experimental results confirmed the expression of the hub gene (NAA15) in EC. The findings of our study suggest that genes related to the intracellular aromatic compound metabolic pathway can be used for immunotherapy of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ge
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yifang Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Chuyan Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Chen S, Sun S, Cai M, Zhou Z, Ma Y, Zhou Z, Wang F, Liu J, Song W, Liu Y, Huang K, Yang Q, Guo Y. A metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization study prioritizes causal circulating metabolites for reproductive disorders including primary ovarian insufficiency, polycystic ovary syndrome, and abnormal spermatozoa. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:166. [PMID: 39143642 PMCID: PMC11325614 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating studies have highlighted the significant role of circulating metabolomics in the etiology of reproductive system disorders. However, the causal effects between genetically determined metabolites (GDMs) and reproductive diseases, including primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and abnormal spermatozoa (AS), still await thorough clarification. METHODS With the currently most comprehensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data of metabolomics, systematic two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to disclose causal associations between 1,091 blood metabolites and 309 metabolite ratios with reproductive disorders. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method served as the primary analysis approach, and multiple effective MR methods were employed as complementary analyses including MR-Egger, weighted median, constrained maximum likelihood (cML-MA), contamination mixture method, robust adjusted profile score (MR-RAPS), and debiased inverse-variance weighted method. Heterogeneity and pleiotropy were assessed via MR-Egger intercept and Cochran's Q statistical analysis. Outliers were detected by Radial MR and MR-PRESSO methods. External replication and metabolic pathway analysis were also conducted. RESULTS Potential causal associations of 63 GDMs with POI were unearthed, and five metabolites with strong causal links to POI were emphasized. Two metabolic pathways related to the pathogenesis of POI were pinpointed. Suggestive causal effects of 70 GDMs on PCOS were detected, among which 7 metabolites stood out for strong causality with elevated PCOS risk. Four metabolic pathways associated with PCOS mechanisms were recognized. For AS, 64 GDMs as potential predictive biomarkers were identified, particularly highlighting two metabolites for their strong causal connections with AS. Three pathways underneath the AS mechanism were identified. Multiple assessments were conducted to further confirm the reliability and robustness of our causal inferences. CONCLUSION By extensively assessing the causal implications of circulating GDMs on reproductive system disorders, our study underscores the intricate and pivotal role of metabolomics in reproductive ill-health, laying a theoretical foundation for clinical strategies from metabolic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Shihao Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Mingshu Cai
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhaokai Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jinhao Liu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wenyan Song
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Qingling Yang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Yihong Guo
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Chen Y, Wang G, Chen J, Wang C, Dong X, Chang HM, Yuan S, Zhao Y, Mu L. Genetic and Epigenetic Landscape for Drug Development in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:437-459. [PMID: 38298137 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) faces challenges as all known treatments are merely symptomatic. The US Food and Drug Administration has not approved any drug specifically for treating PCOS. As the significance of genetics and epigenetics rises in drug development, their pivotal insights have greatly enhanced the efficacy and success of drug target discovery and validation, offering promise for guiding the advancement of PCOS treatments. In this context, we outline the genetic and epigenetic advancement in PCOS, which provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of this complex disease. We also delve into the prospective method for harnessing genetic and epigenetic strategies to identify potential drug targets and ensure target safety. Additionally, we shed light on the preliminary evidence and distinctive challenges associated with gene and epigenetic therapies in the context of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guiquan Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Jingqiao Chen
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Congying Wang
- The Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Xi Dong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40400, Taiwan
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing 100007, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liangshan Mu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Antonetti OR, Desine S, Smith HM, Robles ME, McDonald E, Ovide G, Wang C, Dean ED, Doran AC, Calcutt MW, Huang S, Brown JD, Silver HJ, Ferguson JF. The consumption of animal products is associated with plasma levels of alpha-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1712-1720. [PMID: 38658223 PMCID: PMC11188583 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The cardiometabolic disease-associated metabolite, alpha-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) is formed from the breakdown of the essential dietary amino acid lysine. However, it was not known whether elevated plasma levels of 2-AAA are related to dietary nutrient intake. We aimed to determine whether diet is a determinant of circulating 2-AAA in healthy individuals, and whether 2-AAA is altered in response to dietary modification. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the association between 2-AAA and dietary nutrient intake in a cross-sectional study of healthy individuals (N = 254). We then performed a randomized cross-over dietary intervention trial to investigate the effect of lysine supplementation (1 week) on 2-AAA in healthy individuals (N = 40). We further assessed the effect of a vegetarian diet on 2-AAA in a short-term (4-day) dietary intervention trial in healthy omnivorous women (N = 35). We found that self-reported dietary intake of animal products, including meat, poultry, and seafood, was associated with higher plasma 2-AAA cross-sectionally (P < 0.0001). Supplementary dietary lysine (5g/day) caused no significant increase in plasma 2-AAA; however, plasma 2-AAA was altered by general dietary modification. Further, plasma 2-AAA was significantly reduced by a short-term vegetarian diet (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION We identified associations between plasma 2-AAA and consumption of animal products, which were validated in a vegetarian dietary intervention trial, but not in a trial designed to specifically increase the 2-AAA amino acid precursor lysine. Further studies are warranted to investigate whether implementation of a vegetarian diet improves cardiometabolic risk in individuals with elevated 2-AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R Antonetti
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Stacy Desine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Holly M Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Michelle E Robles
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Ezelle McDonald
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Gerry Ovide
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Chuan Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - E Danielle Dean
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Amanda C Doran
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Shi Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Jonathan D Brown
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Heidi J Silver
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA; Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Jane F Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA.
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Chen H, Li T, Gao R, Cheng M, Zhang Q, Liu X, Chen M, Liao X, Qin L. RNA editing landscape of adipose tissue in polycystic ovary syndrome provides insight into the obesity-related immune responses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1379293. [PMID: 38978626 PMCID: PMC11229675 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1379293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive-endocrine disorder with wide-ranging metabolic implications, including obesity. RNA editing, a post-transcriptional modification, can fine-tune protein function and introduce heterogeneity. However, the role of RNA editing and its impact on adipose tissue function in PCOS remain poorly understood. Methods This study aimed to comprehensively analyze RNA-editing events in abdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue of PCOS patients and healthy controls using high-throughput whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and RNA sequencing. Results Our results revealed that PCOS patients exhibited more RNA-editing sites, with adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing being prevalent. The expression of ADAR genes, responsible for A-to-I editing, was also higher in PCOS. Aberrant RNA-editing sites in PCOS adipose tissue was enriched in immune responses, and interleukin-12 biosynthetic process. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, Notch signaling, terminal uridylyl transferase 4 (TUT4), hook microtubule tethering protein 3 (HOOK3), and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) were identified to be of significant differences. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PCOS adipose tissue were enriched in immune responses compared with controls, and the DEGs between subcutaneous and abdominal adipose tissue were also enriched in immune responses suggesting the important role of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Furthermore, we identified the correlations between RNA editing levels and RNA expression levels of specific genes, such as ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1) in inflammation pathways and ATM, TUT4, and YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA-binding protein C2 (YTHDC2) in oocyte development pathway. Conclusions These findings suggest that RNA-editing dysregulation in PCOS adipose tissue may contribute to inflammatory dysregulations. Understanding the interplay between RNA editing and adipose tissue function may unveil potential therapeutic targets for PCOS management. However, further research and validation are required to fully elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tongtong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Province Ziyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Ziyang, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Province Ziyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Ziyang, China
| | - Mingli Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Province Ziyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Ziyang, China
| | - Xin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operation Room, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Kong FS, Huang P, Chen JH, Ma Y. The Novel Insight of Gut Microbiota from Mouse Model to Clinical Patients and the Role of NF-κB Pathway in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2024:10.1007/s43032-024-01562-3. [PMID: 38653859 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism and related symptoms in women of reproductive age. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic low-grade inflammation plays a significant role in the development of PCOS. The gut microbiota, a complex bacterial ecosystem, has been extensively studied for various diseases, including PCOS, while the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This review comprehensively summarizes the changes in gut microbiota and metabolites observed in PCOS and their potential association with the condition. Additionally, we discuss the role of abnormal nuclear factor κB signaling in the pathogenesis of PCOS. These findings offer valuable insights into the mechanisms of PCOS and may pave the way for the development of control and therapeutic strategies for this condition in clinical practice. By bridging the gap between mouse models and clinical patients, this review contributes to a better understanding of the interplay between gut microbiota and inflammation in PCOS, thus paving new ways for future investigations and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Sheng Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Panwang Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Huan Chen
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yaping Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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Calvert ME, Molsberry SA, Overdahl KE, Jarmusch AK, Shaw ND. Pubertal Girls With Overweight/Obesity Have Higher Androgen Levels-Can Metabolomics Tell us Why? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1328-1333. [PMID: 37978828 PMCID: PMC11031235 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pubertal girls with higher total body fat (TBF) demonstrate higher androgen levels. The cause of this association is unknown but is hypothesized to relate to insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to investigate the association between higher TBF and higher androgens in pubertal girls using untargeted metabolomics. METHODS Serum androgens were determined using a quantitative mass spectrometry (MS)-based assay. Metabolomic samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography high-resolution MS. Associations between TBF or body mass index (BMI) z score (exposure) and metabolomic features (outcome) and between metabolomic features (exposure) and serum hormones (outcome) were examined using gaussian generalized estimating equation models with the outcome lagged by one study visit. Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) adjusted P values were calculated to account for multiple testing. RaMP-DB (relational database of metabolomic pathways) was used to conduct enriched pathway analyses among features nominally associated with body composition or hormones. RESULTS Sixty-six pubertal, premenarchal girls (aged 10.9 ± 1.39 SD years; 60% White, 24% Black, 16% other; 63% normal weight, 37% overweight/obese) contributed an average of 2.29 blood samples. BMI and TBF were negatively associated with most features including raffinose (a plant trisaccharide) and several bile acids. For BMI, RaMP-DB identified many enriched pathways related to bile acids. Androstenedione also showed strong negative associations with raffinose and bile acids. CONCLUSION Metabolomic analyses of samples from pubertal girls did not identify an insulin resistance signature to explain the association between higher TBF and androgens. Instead, we identified potential novel signaling pathways that may involve raffinose or bile acid action at the adrenal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison E Calvert
- Pediatric Neuroendocrinology Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | | | | | | | - Natalie D Shaw
- Pediatric Neuroendocrinology Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC 27709, USA
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Li Y, Zhu Y, Li D, Liu W, Zhang Y, Liu W, Zhang C, Tao T. Depletion of gut microbiota influents glucose metabolism and hyperandrogenism traits of mice with PCOS induced by letrozole. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1265152. [PMID: 37929036 PMCID: PMC10623308 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1265152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted disorder that impacts metabolism, reproduction, as well as endocrine function, characterized by excessive levels of androgen and insulin resistance. The gut microbiota has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PCOS. However, the precise mechanisms through which the gut microbiota influences PCOS still require further elucidation. Methods The PCOS mouse model was established through the administration of letrozole to both conventional and antibiotics-treated mice. The evaluation of glucose metabolism, sex hormone levels, and ovarian morphology was conducted. Furthermore, the fecal samples from each group of mice were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and functional prediction of gut microbiota was proceeded using PICRUSt2 to explore potential mechanisms. Results By using letrozole-induced PCOS mice model, we manifested that antibiotic intervention significantly reduced the serum total testosterone level and ameliorated glucose intolerance. Antibiotic treatment reduced the number of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), as well as the Shannon and Simpson index. Meanwhile, letrozole induced a significant increase in the Shannon and Simpson index instead of ASVs. Through random forest model analysis, the results revealed significant alterations in three distinct groups of microbiota, namely Clostridia_vadinBB60_group, Enterorhabdus, and Muribaculaceae after letrozole treatment. Further correlation analysis revealed a positive association between alterations in these microbiota and both serum total testosterone levels and the area under the curve (AUC) of blood glucose in IPGTT. The administration of antibiotics led to a decrease in the absolute abundance of 5 ASVs belonging to unclassified Clostridia_vadinBB60_group, unclassified Enterorhabdus, and unclassified Muribaculaceae, which exhibited a positive correlation with the levels of total testosterone in mice serum, as well as the area under the curve of blood glucose in IPGTT. Moreover, 25 functional pathways of gut microbiome were significantly discrepant between the letrozole-treated mice with and without antibiotics. Conclusion These results suggest that disturbance of the gut microbiota may take participate in the progression of PCOS and manipulating the composition of the gut microbiota may be a therapeutic approach for managing PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Paczkowska K, Rachoń D, Berg A, Rybka J, Kapczyńska K, Bolanowski M, Daroszewski J. Alteration of Branched-Chain and Aromatic Amino Acid Profile as a Novel Approach in Studying Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Pathogenesis. Nutrients 2023; 15:4153. [PMID: 37836437 PMCID: PMC10574162 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects reproductive-age women and predisposes them to the development of metabolic disturbances. Recent research has shown that several metabolic factors may play a role in PCOS pathogenesis, and it has been suggested that an alteration in the amino acid profile might be a predictive sign of metabolic disorders. Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) are concepts that have attracted scientific attention; however, a universal definition has not been established yet for these terms. Already existing definitions of MHO involve the coexistence of obesity with the absence or minimal presence of other metabolic syndrome parameters. A group of 326 women, 209 diagnosed with PCOS and 117 healthy individuals, participated in this study. Multiple parameters were assessed, including anthropometrical, biochemical, and hormonal ones, and gas-liquid chromatography, combined with tandem mass spectrometry, was used to investigate the amino acid profile. Statistical analysis revealed noticeably higher levels of all aromatic amino acids in PCOS women compared to the control group: phenylalanine 47.37 ± 7.0 vs. 45.4 ± 6.09 nmol/mL (p = 0.01), tyrosine 61.69 ± 9.56 vs. 58.08 ± 8.89 nmol/mL (p < 0.01), and tryptophan 53.66 ± 11.42 vs. 49.81 ± 11.18 nmol/mL (p < 0.01); however, there was no significant difference in the "tryptophan ratio" between the PCOS and control group (p = 0.88). A comparison of MHO and MUO PCOS women revealed that LAP, leucine, and isoleucine concentrations were significantly higher among the MUO subgroup: respectively, 101.98 ± 34.74 vs. 55.80 ± 24.33 (p < 0.001); 153.26 ± 22.26 vs. 137.25 ± 25.76 nmol/mL (p = 0.04); and 92.92 ± 16.09 vs. 82.60 ± 18.70 nmol/mL (p = 0.02). No significant differences in BMI, fasting glucose, and HOMA-IR between MHO and MUO were found: respectively, 35.0 ± 4.8 vs. 36.1 ± 4.6 kg/m2 (p = 0.59); 88.0 ± 6.0 vs. 87.73 ± 6.28 mg/dL (p = 0.67); and 3.36 ± 1.70 vs. 4.17 ± 1.77 (p = 0.1). The identification of altered amino acid profiles in PCOS holds potential clinical implications. Amino acids may serve as biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring the metabolic status of individuals with PCOS. The alteration of BCAAs and AAAs may be involved in PCOS pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanism should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Paczkowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.P.)
| | - Dominik Rachoń
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Berg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Rybka
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kapczyńska
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Bolanowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.P.)
| | - Jacek Daroszewski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.P.)
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Prabhu NB, Vasishta S, Bhat SK, Joshi MB, Kabekkodu SP, Satyamoorthy K, Rai PS. Distinct metabolic signatures in blood plasma of bisphenol A-exposed women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:64025-64035. [PMID: 37060405 PMCID: PMC10172238 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complicated endocrinopathy with an unclear etiology that afflicts fertility status in women. Although the underlying causes and pathophysiology of PCOS are not completely understood, it is suspected to be driven by environmental factors as well as genetic and epigenetic factors. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a weak estrogenic endocrine disruptor known to cause adverse reproductive outcomes in women. A growing relevance supports the notion that BPA may contribute to PCOS pathogenesis. Due to the indeterminate molecular mechanisms of BPA in PCOS endocrinopathy, we sought liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), a metabolomics strategy that could generate a metabolic signature based on urinary BPA levels of PCOS and healthy individuals. Towards this, we examined urinary BPA levels in PCOS and healthy women by ELISA and performed univariate and chemometric analysis to distinguish metabolic patterns among high and low BPA in PCOS and healthy females, followed by pathway and biomarker analysis employing MetaboAnalyst 5.0. Our findings indicated aberrant levels of certain steroids, sphingolipids, and others, implying considerable disturbances in steroid hormone biosynthesis, linoleic, linolenic, sphingolipid metabolism, and various other pathways across target groups in comparison to healthy women with low BPA levels. Collectively, our findings provide insight into metabolic signatures of BPA-exposed PCOS women, which can potentially improve management strategies and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navya B Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Sampara Vasishta
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Shashikala K Bhat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dr. TMA Pai Hospital, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576101, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Padmalatha S Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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11
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Mu L, Ye Z, Hu J, Zhang Y, Chen K, Sun H, Li R, Mao W, Long X, Zhang C, Lai Y, Liu J, Zhao Y, Qiao J. PPM1K-regulated impaired catabolism of branched-chain amino acids orchestrates polycystic ovary syndrome. EBioMedicine 2023; 89:104492. [PMID: 36863088 PMCID: PMC9986518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common diseases with the coexistence of reproductive malfunction and metabolic disorders. Previous studies have found increased branched chain amino acid (BCAA) levels in women with PCOS. However, it remains unclear whether BCAA metabolism is causally associated with the risk of PCOS. METHODS The changes of BCAA levels in the plasma and follicular fluids of PCOS women were detected. Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches were used to explore the potential causal association between BCAA levels and the risk of PCOS. The function of the gene coding the protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent 1K (PPM1K) was further explored by using Ppm1k-deficient mouse model and PPM1K down-regulated human ovarian granulosa cells. FINDINGS BCAA levels were significantly elevated in both plasma and follicular fluids of PCOS women. Based on MR, a potential direct, causal role for BCAA metabolism was revealed in the pathogenesis of PCOS, and PPM1K was detected as a vital driver. Ppm1k-deficient female mice had increased BCAA levels and exhibited PCOS-like traits, including hyperandrogenemia and abnormal follicle development. A reduction in dietary BCAA intake significantly improved the endocrine and ovarian dysfunction of Ppm1k-/- female mice. Knockdown of PPM1K promoted the conversion of glycolysis to pentose phosphate pathway and inhibited mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in human granulosa cells. INTERPRETATION Ppm1k deficiency-impaired BCAA catabolism causes the occurrence and development of PCOS. PPM1K suppression disturbed energy metabolism homeostasis in the follicular microenvironment, which provided an underlying mechanism of abnormal follicle development. FUNDING This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2700402, 2019YFA0802503), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81871139, 82001503, 92057107), the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2019-I2M-5-001), Key Clinical Projects of Peking University Third Hospital (BYSY2022043), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021T140600), and the Collaborative Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (2020CXJQ01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangshan Mu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China; Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhong Ye
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Junhao Hu
- Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Haipeng Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Weian Mao
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Long
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Lai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Yue Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China; Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China; Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinery Studies Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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12
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Specific Alteration of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Profile in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010108. [PMID: 36672616 PMCID: PMC9856032 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in reproductive age women; it is a complex health issue with numerous comorbidities. Attention has recently been drawn to amino acids as they are molecules essential to maintain homeostasis. The aim of the study was to investigate the branch chain amino acid (BCAA) profile in women with PCOS. A total of 326 women, 208 diagnosed with PCOS and 118 healthy controls, participated in the study; all the patients were between 18 and 40 years old. Anthropometrical, biochemical and hormonal parameters were assessed. Gas-liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry was used to investigate BCAA levels. Statistical analysis showed significantly higher plasma levels of BCAAs (540.59 ± 97.23 nmol/mL vs. 501.09 ± 85.33 nmol/mL; p < 0.001) in women with PCOS. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between BCAA and BMI, HOMA-IR, waist circumference and total testosterone levels. In the analysis of individuals with abdominal obesity, there were significant differences between PCOS and controls in BCAA (558.13 ± 100.51 vs. 514.22 ± 79.76 nmol/mL) and the concentrations of all the analyzed amino acids were higher in the PCOS patients. Hyperandrogenemia in PCOS patients was associated with significantly higher leucine, isoleucine and total BCAA levels. The increase of BCAA levels among PCOS patients in comparison to healthy controls might be an early sign of metabolic alteration and a predictive factor for other disturbances.
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13
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Rani S, Chandna P. Multiomics Analysis-Based Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:1-27. [PMID: 35084716 PMCID: PMC10010205 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is an utmost communal endocrine, psychological, reproductive, and metabolic disorder that occurs in women of reproductive age with extensive range of clinical manifestations. This may even lead to long-term multiple morbidities including obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, infertility, cerebrovascular diseases, and ovarian and endometrial cancer. Women affliction from PCOS in midst assemblage of manifestations allied with menstrual dysfunction and androgen exorbitance, which considerably affects eminence of life. PCOS is recognized as a multifactorial disorder and systemic syndrome in first-degree family members; therefore, the etiology of PCOS syndrome has not been copiously interpreted. The disorder of PCOS comprehends numerous allied health conditions and has influenced various metabolic processes. Due to multifaceted pathophysiology engaging several pathways and proteins, single genetic diagnostic tests cannot be supportive to determine in straight way. Clarification of cellular and biochemical pathways and various genetic players underlying PCOS could upsurge our consideration of pathophysiology of this syndrome. It is requisite to know pathophysiological relationship between biomarker and their reflection towards PCOS disease. Biomarkers deliver vibrantly and potent ways to apprehend the spectrum of PCOS with applications in screening, diagnosis, characterization, and monitoring. This paper relies on the endeavor to point out many candidates as potential biomarkers based on omics technologies, thus highlighting correlation between PCOS disease with innovative technologies. Therefore, the objective of existing review is to encapsulate more findings towards cutting-edge advances in prospective use of biomarkers for PCOS disease. Discussed biomarkers may be fruitful in guiding therapies, addressing disease risk, and predicting clinical outcomes in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Rani
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi , 110021, India.
| | - Piyush Chandna
- Natdynamics Biosciences Confederation, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122001, India
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14
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Turathum B, Gao EM, Yang F, Liu YB, Yang ZY, Liu CC, Xue YJ, Wu MH, Wang L, Grataitong K, Chian RC. Role of pyroglutamic acid in cumulus cells of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:2737-2746. [PMID: 36322230 PMCID: PMC9790836 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex heterogeneous endocrine disorder associated with established metabolic abnormalities and is a common cause of infertility in females. Glutathione metabolism in the cumulus cells (CCs) of women with PCOS may be correlated to the quality of oocytes for infertility treatment; therefore, we used a metabolomics approach to examine changes in CCs from women with PCOS and oocyte quality. METHODS Among 135 women undergoing fertility treatment in the present study, there were 43 women with PCOS and 92 without. CCs were collected from the two groups and levels of pyroglutamic acid were measured using LC-MS/MS followed by qPCR and Western blot analysis to examine genes and proteins involved in pyroglutamic acid metabolism related to glutathione synthesis. RESULTS Women with PCOS showed increased levels of L-pyroglutamic acid, L-glutamate, and L-phenylalanine and decreased levels of Cys-Gly and N-acetyl-L-methionine. Gene expression of OPLAH, involved in pyroglutamic synthesis, was significantly increased in women with PCOS compared with those without. Gene expression of GSS was significantly decreased in women with PCOS and synthesis of glutathione synthetase protein was decreased. Expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, involved in resistance to oxidative stress, was significantly increased in women with PCOS. CONCLUSIONS CCs of women with PCOS showed high concentrations of pyroglutamic acid and reduced glutathione synthesis, which causes oxidative stress in CCs, suggesting that decreased glutathione synthesis due to high levels of pyroglutamic acid in CCs may be related to the quality of oocytes in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongkoch Turathum
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai 10Th People Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Er-Meng Gao
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai 10Th People Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai 10Th People Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Bing Liu
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai 10Th People Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yang
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai 10Th People Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Chen Liu
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai 10Th People Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Jing Xue
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai 10Th People Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Hua Wu
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai 10Th People Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai 10Th People Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Khwanthana Grataitong
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Ri-Cheng Chian
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai 10Th People Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Polyzos SA, Hill MA, Fuleihan GEH, Gnudi L, Kim YB, Larsson SC, Masuzaki H, Matarese G, Sanoudou D, Tena-Sempere M, Mantzoros CS. Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental: seventy years young and growing. Metabolism 2022; 137:155333. [PMID: 36244415 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stergios A Polyzos
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan
- Division of Endocrinology, Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Metabolic Bone Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Luigi Gnudi
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology, Second Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy; Laboratorio di Immunogenetica dei Trapianti & Registro Regionale dei Trapianti di Midollo, AOU "Federico II", Naples, Italy; Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Identification of Candidate Salivary, Urinary and Serum Metabolic Biomarkers for High Litter Size Potential in Sows (Sus scrofa). Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111045. [DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of sows that are reproductively fit and produce large litters of piglets is imperative for success in the pork industry. Currently, low heritability of reproductive and litter-related traits and unfavourable genetic correlations are slowing the improvement of pig selection efficiency. The integration of biomarkers as a supplement or alternative to the use of genetic markers may permit the optimization and increase of selection protocol efficiency. Metabolite biomarkers are an advantageous class of biomarkers that can facilitate the identification of cellular processes implicated in reproductive condition. Metabolism and metabolic biomarkers have been previously implicated in studies of female mammalian fertility, however a systematic analysis across multiple biofluids in infertile and high reproductive potential phenotypes has not been explored. In the current study, the serum, urinary and salivary metabolomes of infertile (INF) sows and high reproductive potential (HRP) sows with a live litter size ≥ 13 piglets were examined using LC-MS/MS techniques, and a data pipeline was used to highlight possible metabolite reproductive biomarkers discriminating the reproductive groups. The metabolomes of HRP and INF sows were distinct, including significant alterations in amino acid, fatty acid, membrane lipid and steroid hormone metabolism. Carnitines and fatty acid related metabolites were most discriminatory in separating and classifying the HRP and INF sows based on their biofluid metabolome. It appears that urine is a superior biofluid than saliva and serum for potentially predicting the reproductive potential level of a given female pig based on the performance of the resultant biomarker models. This study lays the groundwork for improving gilt and sow selection protocols using metabolomics as a tool for the prediction of reproductive potential.
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17
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James H, Gonsalves WI, Manjunatha S, Dasari S, Lanza IR, Klaus KA, Vella A, Andrews JC, Nair KS. The Effect of Glucagon on Protein Catabolism During Insulin Deficiency: Exchange of Amino Acids Across Skeletal Muscle and the Splanchnic Bed. Diabetes 2022; 71:1636-1648. [PMID: 35621914 PMCID: PMC9490357 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Transient insulin deprivation with concurrent hyperglucagonemia is a catabolic state that can occur in type 1 diabetes. To evaluate glucagon's catabolic effect in the setting of its glucogenic effect, we measured the regional exchanges of amino acid metabolites (amino-metabolites) across muscle and splanchnic beds in 16 healthy humans during either somatostatin followed by glucagon or saline infusion alone. Despite a twofold or greater increase in the regional exchange of amino-metabolites by glucagon, whole-body kinetics and concentrations of amino acids (AA) remained stable. Glucagon increased the splanchnic uptake of not only gluconeogenic but also essential (EAA) AA while increasing their release from the muscle bed. Regional tracer-based kinetics and 3-methylhistidine release indicate that EAA release from muscle is likely caused by reduced protein synthesis rather than increased protein degradation. Furthermore, many metabolites known to affect insulin action and metabolism were altered by hyperglucagonemia including increase in branched-chain AA and keto acids of leucine and isoleucine in arterial plasma. Further, an increase in arterial concentrations of α-aminoadipic acid arising from increased conversion from lysine in the splanchnic bed was noted. These results demonstrate that hyperglucagonemia during hypoinsulinemia increases net muscle protein catabolism and substantially increases the exchange of amino metabolites across splanchnic and muscle beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleigh James
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Surendra Dasari
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ian R. Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Adrian Vella
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - K. Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Corresponding author: K. Sreekumaran Nair,
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Yang Z, Cai X, Xu X, Xu Z, Ye S, Wang Y, Hong Y, Shen B, Liao Q, Xie Z, Wang X. Urinary metabolomics identified metabolic disturbance associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Anal Biochem 2022; 647:114665. [PMID: 35339450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder. Nevertheless, its accurate mechanisms remain unclear. Metabolomics is a powerful technique to identify small molecules that could be used to discover pathogenesis and therapeutical targets of disease. In the present study, a urinary untargeted metabolomics combined with targeted quantification analysis was performed to uncover metabolic disturbance associated with PCOS. A total of thirty-eight metabolites were obtained between PCOS patients and healthy controls, which were mainly involved in lipids (39.5%), organic acids and derivatives (23.7%), and organic oxygen compounds (18.4%). Based on enrichment analysis, fourteen metabolic pathways were found to be perturbed in PCOS, particularly glycerophospholipid metabolism and tryptophan metabolism. Targeted quantification profiling of tryptophan metabolism demonstrated that seven compounds (tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid, xanthurenic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and 3-hydroxykynurenine) were up-regulated in PCOS. And these tryptophan-kynurenine metabolites showed significant correlations with PCOS clinical features, such as positively associated with testosterone, free androgen index, and the ratio of luteinizing hormone to follicle stimulating hormone. Thus, this study disclosed urinary metabolome changes associated with PCOS, and might provide new insights into PCOS pathogenesis elucidation and therapeutical target development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xuzi Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zengmei Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Simin Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yanjun Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Baochun Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qiongfeng Liao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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Zhu T, Goodarzi MO. Causes and Consequences of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Insights From Mendelian Randomization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e899-e911. [PMID: 34669940 PMCID: PMC8852214 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy affecting women of reproductive age, risk factors that may cause the syndrome are poorly understood. Based on epidemiologic studies, PCOS is thought to cause several adverse outcomes such as cardiovascular disease; however, the common presence of comorbidities such as obesity may be responsible for such associations, rather than PCOS in and of itself. To overcome the limitations of observational studies, investigators have employed Mendelian randomization (MR), which uses genetic variants to interrogate causality between exposures and outcomes. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION To clarify causes and consequences of PCOS, this review will describe MR studies involving PCOS, both as an exposure and as an outcome. The literature was searched using the terms "Mendelian randomization," "polycystic ovary syndrome," "polycystic ovarian syndrome," and "PCOS" (to May 2021). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS MR studies have suggested that obesity, testosterone levels, fasting insulin, serum sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations, menopause timing, male-pattern balding, and depression may play a causal role in PCOS. In turn, PCOS may increase the risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, decrease the risk of endometrioid ovarian cancer, and have no direct causal effect on type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, or stroke. CONCLUSIONS The accumulation of genome-wide association studies in PCOS has enabled multiple MR analyses identifying factors that may cause PCOS or be caused by PCOS. This knowledge will be critical to future development of measures to prevent PCOS in girls at risk as well as prevent complications in those who have PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Yu Y, Tan P, Zhuang Z, Wang Z, Zhu L, Qiu R, Xu H. Untargeted metabolomic approach to study the serum metabolites in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:206. [PMID: 34416878 PMCID: PMC8379735 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is not only a kind of common endocrine syndrome but also a metabolic disorder, which harms the reproductive system and the whole body metabolism of the PCOS patients worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the differences in serum metabolic profiles of the patients with PCOS compared to the healthy controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS 31 PCOS patients and 31 matched healthy female controls were recruited in this study, the clinical characteristics data were recorded, the laboratory biochemical data were detected. Then, we utilized the metabolomics approach by UPLC-HRMS technology to study the serum metabolic changes between PCOS and controls. RESULTS The metabolomics analysis showed that there were 68 downregulated and 78 upregulated metabolites in PCOS patients serum compared to those in the controls. These metabolites mainly belong to triacylglycerols, glycerophosphocholines, acylcarnitines, diacylglycerols, peptides, amino acids, glycerophosphoethanolamines and fatty acid. Pathway analysis showed that these metabolites were enriched in pathways including glycerophospholipid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, fatty acid biosynthesis, ether lipid metabolism, etc. Diagnosis value assessed by ROC analysis showed that the changed metabolites, including Leu-Ala/Ile-Ala, 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, Ile-Val/Leu-Val, Gly-Val/Val-Gly, aspartic acid, DG(34:2)_DG(16:0/18:2), DG(34:1)_DG(16:0/18:1), Phe-Trp, DG(36:1)_DG(18:0/18:1), Leu-Leu/Leu-Ile, had higher AUC values, indicated a significant role in PCOS. CONCLUSION The present study characterized the difference of serum metabolites and related pathway profiles in PCOS patients, this finding hopes to provide potential metabolic markers for the prognosis and diagnosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 210013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Panli Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenchao Zhuang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhejiong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Linchao Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyi Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 210013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Urinary Metabolites Reveal Hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070437. [PMID: 34357331 PMCID: PMC8307496 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is not a minor issue. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA) is the most used index of IR (Insulin Resistance), validated in overweight and obese patients but not in normal-weight PCOS subjects, who can still present with increased insulin secretion by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The evaluation of insulin secretion and resistance represents a still unresolved problem. The aim of this study is to identify a possible yet noninvasive method to properly evaluate the insulin metabolism in young non-diabetic subjects. Girls aged 14–22 years, afferent to the center of Gynecological Diseases in Childhood and Adolescence of Cagliari (Italy), were screened for PCOS. A total of 42 subjects comprised the study group. Hormonal assays, OGTT, transabdominal (TA) or transvaginal (TV) US, and urine collection for 1H-NMR analysis were assayed in the early follicular phase. A 1H-NMR coupled multivariate statistical analysis was performed. The OPLS model indicated that the NMR profile of urine had a good fit and prediction ability for the AUC OGTT with R2 = 0.813. Metabolomics can be a promising tool to the potential identification of biomarkers of an exaggerated insulin response to OGTT and can encourage substantial progress for a more accurate and early diagnosis in PCOS.
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Alesi S, Ghelani D, Mousa A. Metabolomic Biomarkers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Review of the Evidence. Semin Reprod Med 2021; 39:102-110. [PMID: 33946122 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinologic condition affecting one in five women of reproductive age. PCOS is often characterized by disruptions to the menstrual cycle, development of male-pattern hair growth (hirsutism), and polycystic ovary morphology. Recently, PCOS has been linked to metabolic dysfunction, with 40 to 80% of women characterized as overweight or obese. Despite these well-known negative health effects of PCOS, 75% of sufferers remain undiagnosed. This is most likely due to the variability in symptom presentation and the lack of a definitive test for the condition. Metabolomics, which is a platform used to analyze and characterize a large number of metabolites, has recently been proposed as a potential tool for investigating the metabolic pathways that could be involved in the pathophysiology of PCOS. In doing so, novel biomarkers could be identified to improve diagnosis and treatment of PCOS. This review aims to summarize the findings of recent metabolomic studies that highlight metabolic-specific molecules which are deranged in PCOS, to identify potential biomarkers for the condition. Current limitations for metabolomic studies are discussed, as well as future directions to progress the field toward further validation and integration into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Alesi
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Drishti Ghelani
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Impact of Buzhong Yiqi Prescription on the Gut Microbiota of Patients with Obesity Manifesting Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6671367. [PMID: 33790981 PMCID: PMC7984899 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6671367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota disorders are closely related to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Buzhong Yiqi prescription (BZYQ) has a significant clinical effect on the treatment of patients with obesity exhibiting PCOS and phlegm-dampness syndrome caused by spleen deficiency (SPSD). Hence, this study aimed to explore gut microbiota and fecal metabolite alterations in such patients treated with BZYQ. Fifty eligible patients with obesity manifesting PCOS and SPSD participated and agreed to undergo 3 months of BZYQ treatment. Results showed that BZYQ significantly alleviated the serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (p < 0.001) and testosterone levels (p < 0.001) and markedly changed the gut microbiota structure in these patients. Furthermore, 106 differential fecal metabolites and 14 KEGG enrichment pathways were quantified. The phylum Spirochaetae and the genera [Eubacterium]_rectale_group, Escherichia-Shigella, and Fusicatenibacter were significantly more abundant, but Megamonas was significantly less abundant after treatment than before treatment. Disorders in the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites of these patients were closely related to hyperandrogenemia and insulin resistance. In conclusion, BZYQ could ameliorate the serum androgen level and had an impact on the gut microbiota and metabolites in patients with obesity manifesting PCOS and SPSD.
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24
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Zhang X, Liang B, Zhang J, Hao X, Xu X, Chang HM, Leung PCK, Tan J. Raman spectroscopy of follicular fluid and plasma with machine-learning algorithms for polycystic ovary syndrome screening. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 523:111139. [PMID: 33359305 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the main cause of anovulatory infertility and affects women throughout their lives. The specific diagnostic method is still under investigation. In the present study, we aimed to identify the metabolic tracks of the follicular fluid and plasma samples from women with PCOS by performing Raman spectroscopy with principal component analysis and spectral classification models. Follicular fluid and plasma samples obtained from 50 healthy (non-PCOS) and 50 PCOS women were collected and measured by Raman spectroscopy. Multivariate statistical methods and different machine-learning algorithms based on the Raman spectra were established to analyze the results. The principal component analysis of the Raman spectra showed differences in the follicular fluid between the non-PCOS and PCOS groups. The stacking classification models based on the k-nearest-neighbor, random forests and extreme gradient boosting algorithms yielded a higher accuracy of 89.32% by using follicular fluid than the accuracy of 74.78% obtained with plasma samples in classifying the spectra from the two groups. In this regard, PCOS may lead to the changes of metabolic profiles that can be detected by Raman spectroscopy. As a novel, rapid and affordable method, Raman spectroscopy combined with advanced machine-learning algorithms have potential to analyze and characterize patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Basecare Medical Device Co., Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyao Hao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Jichun Tan
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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25
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Yao L, Wang Q, Zhang R, Wang X, Liu Y, Di F, Song L, Xu S. Brown Adipose Transplantation Improves Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Involved Metabolome Remodeling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:747944. [PMID: 34912296 PMCID: PMC8667175 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.747944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex reproductive, endocrine, and metabolic disorder in reproductive-age women. In order to explore the active metabolites of brown adipose tissue (BAT) transplantation in improving the reproductive and metabolic phenotypes in a PCOS rat model, the metabolites in the recipient's BAT were explored using the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. In total, 9 upregulated and 13 downregulated metabolites were identified. They were roughly categorized into 12 distinct classes, mainly including glycerophosphoinositols, glycerophosphocholines, and sphingolipids. Ingenuity pathway analysis predicted that these differentially metabolites mainly target the PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and Wnt signaling pathways, which are closely associated with PCOS. Furthermore, one of these differential metabolites, sphingosine belonging to sphingolipids, was randomly selected for further experiments on a human granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN). It significantly accelerated the apoptosis of KGN cells induced by dihydrotestosterone. Based on these findings, we speculated that metabolome changes are an important process for BAT transplantation in improving PCOS. It might be a novel therapeutic target for PCOS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Runjie Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyun Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Di
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwen Song
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Liwen Song, ; Siliang Xu,
| | - Siliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Liwen Song, ; Siliang Xu,
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26
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Mann JP, Pietzner M, Wittemans LB, Rolfe EDL, Kerrison ND, Imamura F, Forouhi NG, Fauman E, Allison ME, Griffin JL, Koulman A, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C. Insights into genetic variants associated with NASH-fibrosis from metabolite profiling. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:3451-3463. [PMID: 32720691 PMCID: PMC7116726 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several genetic discoveries robustly implicate five single-nucleotide variants in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis (NASH-fibrosis), including a recently identified variant in MTARC1. To better understand these variants as potential therapeutic targets, we aimed to characterize their impact on metabolism using comprehensive metabolomics data from two population-based studies. A total of 9135 participants from the Fenland study and 9902 participants from the EPIC-Norfolk cohort were included in the study. We identified individuals with risk alleles associated with NASH-fibrosis: rs738409C>G in PNPLA3, rs58542926C>T in TM6SF2, rs641738C>T near MBOAT7, rs72613567TA>T in HSD17B13 and rs2642438A>G in MTARC1. Circulating levels of 1449 metabolites were measured using targeted and untargeted metabolomics. Associations between NASH-fibrosis variants and metabolites were assessed using linear regression. The specificity of variant-metabolite associations were compared to metabolite associations with ultrasound-defined steatosis, gene variants linked to liver fat (in GCKR, PPP1R3B and LYPLAL1) and gene variants linked to cirrhosis (in HFE and SERPINA1). Each NASH-fibrosis variant demonstrated a specific metabolite profile with little overlap (8/97 metabolites) comprising diverse aspects of lipid metabolism. Risk alleles in PNPLA3 and HSD17B13 were both associated with higher 3-methylglutarylcarnitine and three variants were associated with lower lysophosphatidylcholine C14:0. The risk allele in MTARC1 was associated with higher levels of sphingomyelins. There was no overlap with metabolites that associated with HFE or SERPINA1 variants. Our results suggest a link between the NASH-protective variant in MTARC1 to the metabolism of sphingomyelins and identify distinct molecular patterns associated with each of the NASH-fibrosis variants under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake P Mann
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Maik Pietzner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Laura B Wittemans
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Emmanuela De Lucia Rolfe
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Nicola D Kerrison
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Eric Fauman
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael E Allison
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jules L Griffin
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
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Mokry RL, Schumacher ML, Hogg N, Terhune SS. Nitric Oxide Circumvents Virus-Mediated Metabolic Regulation during Human Cytomegalovirus Infection. mBio 2020; 11:e02630-20. [PMID: 33323506 PMCID: PMC7773989 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02630-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a versatile and critical effector molecule that can modulate many cellular functions. Although recognized as a regulator of infections, the inhibitory mechanism of nitric oxide against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication remains elusive. We demonstrate that nitric oxide attenuates viral replication by interfering with HCMV-mediated modulation of several cellular processes. Nitric oxide exposure reduced HCMV genome synthesis and infectious viral progeny with cell-type-dependent differences observed. Mitochondrial respiration was severely reduced in both uninfected and HCMV-infected cells during exposure with little impact on ATP levels indicating changes in cellular metabolism. Metabolomics identified significantly altered small molecules in multiple pathways during nitric oxide exposure including nucleotide biosynthesis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and glutamine metabolism. Glutathione metabolites were increased coinciding with a reduction in the glutathione precursor glutamine. This shift was accompanied by increased antioxidant enzymes. Glutamine deprivation mimicked defects in HCMV replication and mitochondrial respiration observed during nitric oxide exposure. These data suggest that nitric oxide limits glutaminolysis by shuttling glutamine to glutathione synthesis. In addition, lipid intermediates were severely altered, which likely contributes to the observed increase in defective viral particles. Nitric oxide disrupts multiple cellular processes, and we had limited success in rescuing replication defects by supplementing with metabolic intermediates. Our studies indicate that nitric oxide attenuation of HCMV is multifactorial with interference in viral manipulation of cellular metabolism playing a central role.IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus is a prevalent pathogen that can cause serious disease in patients with compromised immune systems, including transplant patients and during congenital infection. HCMV lytic replication likely occurs in localized sites of infection with immune cells infiltrating and releasing nitric oxide with other effector molecules. This nonspecific immune response results in both uninfected and infected cells exposed to high levels of nitric oxide. The absence of nitric oxide synthase has been associated with lethal HCMV infection. We demonstrate that nitric oxide inhibition of HCMV replication is multifactorial and cell type dependent. Our results indicate that nitric oxide controls replication by interfering with viral modulation of cellular metabolism while also affecting proliferation and mitochondrial respiration of neighboring uninfected cells. These studies identify the mechanism and contribution of nitric oxide during immune control of HCMV infection and provide insight into its role in other viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L Mokry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Megan L Schumacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Neil Hogg
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Scott S Terhune
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Hou E, Zhao Y, Hang J, Qiao J. Metabolomics and correlation network analysis of follicular fluid reveals associations between l-tryptophan, l-tyrosine and polycystic ovary syndrome. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e4993. [PMID: 32986877 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. Some studies have investigated metabolic alterations in plasma and follicular fluid from PCOS patients, but they did not control for obesity or insulin resistance (IR); additionally, correlation analysis of metabolites is sparse. Accordingly, in this study, we aimed to examine metabolic differences owing to the pathogenesis of PCOS, identify the hub metabolites and investigate its associations with androgens. We applied GC-MS platform coupled with a correlation network approach to analyze follicular fluid samples from 32 PCOS patients without obesity and IR and 31 healthy women. Thirty significantly altered metabolites in PCOS patients were enriched in amino acid metabolism. l-Phenylalanine, l-tryptophan, pyroglutamic acid, l-tyrosine, l-leucine and l-valine were screened as hub metabolites in metabolic correlation network. Among them, increased l-tryptophan and l-tyrosine were altered hub metabolites, and they had a more significant impact on the metabolic change of PCOS. In addition, l-tryptophan and l-tyrosine were significantly positively associated with serum androgens levels in the PCOS. Our results suggest that disorders of amino acid metabolism, especially tryptophan and tyrosine metabolism, might play an important role in the development of PCOS in predisposed women without obesity and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entai Hou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Hang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
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29
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Metabolomic biomarkers of polycystic ovary syndrome related-obesity: a review of the literature. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2020-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background and objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) displays a phenotype-dependent cardio-metabolic risk. By performing a systematic search of the literature, we aimed to summarize metabolomic signatures associated with obesity in PCOS women.
Data sources and study eligibility criteria: We conducted a comprehensive search including: Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science until 31st of May 2019. We used the terms: metabolomics and polycystic ovary syndrome. We excluded the following papers: animal studies, studies that included only lean PCOS women, reviews, meta-analyses, results of interventional studies, those that did not apply metabolomic techniques.
Results: The lipid signature in obese women with PCOS showed increased levels of free fatty acids (carnitine, adipic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid) and lower levels of lysophosphatidylcholines and glycerolphosphocholine compared with non-obese PCOS women. Regarding carbohydrate metabolism, a decrease in citric and lactic acid levels characterized obese PCOS women. Decreased lactic acid in obese PCOS women suggests augmented insulin stimulated glucose muscle use in lean, but not in obese women. Considering amino acid metabolomic markers, valine, glycine, serine, threonine, isoleucine and lysine were higher in obese PCOS women. Patients with visceral obesity presented a diminished uptake of essential amino acids, BCAA, leucine and serine in the skeletal muscle. α-ketoglutarate was significantly higher in obese women with PCOS in comparison with lean women with PCOS, distinguishing these 2 subgroups of PCOS with high ‘predictive accuracy’.
Limitations: Overall, a small number of studies have focused on the impact of obesity on the metabolic fingerprints of PCOS women. There is need for properly controlled, high-quality studies.
Conclusions: There is compelling evidence of significant alterations in carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism in women with PCOS and obesity. Metabolomics may identify new metabolic pathways involved in PCOS and improve our understanding of the complex relation between PCOS and obesity in order to personalize PCOS therapy.
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Govorov I, Sitkin S, Pervunina T, Moskvin A, Baranenko D, Komlichenko E. Metabolomic Biomarkers in Gynecology: A Treasure Path or a False Path? Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3611-3622. [PMID: 30608036 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190104124245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Omic-technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) have become more important in current medical science. Among them, it is metabolomics that most accurately reflects the minor changes in body functioning, as it focuses on metabolome - the group of the metabolism products, both intermediate and end. Therefore, metabolomics is actively engaged in fundamental and clinical studies and search for potential biomarkers. The biomarker could be used in diagnostics, management and stratification of the patients, as well as in prognosing the outcomes. The good example is gynecology, since many gynecological diseases lack effective biomarkers. In the current review, we aimed to summarize the results of the studies, devoted to the search of potential metabolomic biomarkers for the most common gynecological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Govorov
- Institute of Perinatology and Pediatric, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg 197341, Russian Federation.,International Research Centre "Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium", ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg 197341, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav Sitkin
- Institute of Perinatology and Pediatric, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg 197341, Russian Federation.,International Research Centre "Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium", ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg 197341, Russian Federation.,North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg 191015, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana Pervunina
- Institute of Perinatology and Pediatric, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg 197341, Russian Federation.,International Research Centre "Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium", ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg 197341, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Moskvin
- International Research Centre "Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium", ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg 197341, Russian Federation
| | - Denis Baranenko
- International Research Centre "Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium", ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg 197341, Russian Federation
| | - Eduard Komlichenko
- Institute of Perinatology and Pediatric, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg 197341, Russian Federation.,International Research Centre "Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium", ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg 197341, Russian Federation
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31
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Sun S, Jiao M, Han C, Zhang Q, Shi W, Shi J, Li X. Causal Effects of Genetically Determined Metabolites on Risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:621. [PMID: 33013699 PMCID: PMC7505923 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder that is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. However, the etiology of PCOS remains unclear. Methods: We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causal effects of genetically determined metabolites (GDMs) on the risk of PCOS. We used summary level data of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 486 metabolites (n = 7,824) as exposure and a PCOS GWAS consisting of 4,138 cases and 20,129 controls as the outcome. Both datasets were obtained from publicly published databases. For each metabolite, a genetic instrumental variable was generated to assess the relationship between the metabolite and PCOS. For MR analysis, we primarily used the standard inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, while three additional methods-the MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO (pleiotropy residual sum and outlier) methods-were performed as sensitivity analyses. Results: Using genetic variants as predictors, we observed a robust relationship between epiandrosterone sulfate (EPIA-S) and PCOS (PIVW = 0.0186, PMR-Egger = 0.0111; PWeighted-median = 0.0154, and PMR-PRESSO = 0.0290). Similarly, 3-dehydrocarnitine, 4-hydroxyhippurate, hexadecanedioate, and β-hydroxyisovalerate may also have causal effects on PCOS development. Conclusions: We identified metabolites that might have causal effects on PCOS development. Our study emphasizes the role of genetic factors underlying the causal relationships between metabolites and PCOS and provides novel insights through the integration of metabolomics and genomics to better understand the mechanisms involved in human disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuliu Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Minjie Jiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengcheng Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenhao Shi
- The Assisted Reproductive Centre, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Juanzi Shi
- The Assisted Reproductive Centre, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojuan Li
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32
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Wu G, Zhang W, Li H. Application of metabolomics for unveiling the therapeutic role of traditional Chinese medicine in metabolic diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 242:112057. [PMID: 31279867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional medicine has been practiced for thousands of years in China and some Asian countries. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is characterized as multi-component and multiple targets in disease therapy, and it is a great challenge for elucidating the mechanisms of TCM. AIM OF THE REVIEW Comprehensively summarize the application of metabolomics in biomarker discovery, stratification of TCM syndromes, and mechanism underlying TCM therapy on metabolic diseases. METHODS This review systemically searched the publications with key words such as metabolomics, traditional Chinese medicine, metabolic diseases, obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus in "Title OR Abstract" in major databases including PubMed, the Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, CNKI from 2010 to 2019. RESULTS A total of 135 papers was searched and included in this review. An overview of articles indicated that metabolic characteristics may be a hallmark of different syndromes/models of metabolic diseases, which provides a new perspective for disease diagnosis and therapeutic optimization. Moreover, TCM treatment has significantly altered the metabolic perturbations associated with metabolic diseases, which may be an important mechanism for the therapeutic effect of TCM. CONCLUSIONS Until now, many metabolites and differential biomarkers related to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and TCM therapy have been discovered through metabolomics research. Unfortunately, the biological role and mechanism of disease-related metabolites were largely unclarified so far, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaosong Wu
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Houkai Li
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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33
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Kim S, Jang WJ, Yu H, Ryu IS, Jeong CH, Lee S. Integrated Non-targeted and Targeted Metabolomics Uncovers Dynamic Metabolic Effects during Short-Term Abstinence in Methamphetamine Self-Administering Rats. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3913-3925. [PMID: 31525931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Persistent neurochemical disturbances by repeating drug reward and withdrawal lead to addiction. Particularly, drug withdrawal, usually starting within hours of the last dose, is considered as a critical step in the transition to addiction and a treatment clue. The aim of this study was to uncover metabolic effects associated with methamphetamine (MA) short-term abstinence using both non-targeted and targeted metabolomics. Metabolic alterations were investigated in rat plasma collected immediately after 16 days of MA self-administration and after 12 and 24 h of abstinence. Principal component analysis revealed that the highest level of separation occurred between the 24 h and saline (control) groups based on the significantly changed ion features, 257/320/333 and 331/409/388, in the SA/12 h/24 h groups in positive and negative modes of UPLC-QTOF-ESI-MS, respectively. Targeted metabolomics revealed dynamic changes in the biosynthesis/metabolism of amino acids, including the phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and the valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis. Integrating non-targeted and targeted metabolomics data uncovered rapid and distinct changes in the metabolic pathways involved in energy metabolism, the nervous system, and membrane lipid metabolism. These findings provide essential knowledge of the dynamic metabolic effects associated with short-term MA abstinence and may help identify early warning signs of MA dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Kim
- College of Pharmacy , Keimyung University , 1095 Dalgubeoldaero , Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601 , Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Jang
- College of Pharmacy , Keimyung University , 1095 Dalgubeoldaero , Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yu
- New Drug Development Center , 123 Osongsaengmyeongro, Osong-eup , Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju , Chungcheongbuk-do 28160 , Republic of Korea
| | - In Soo Ryu
- Substance Abuse Pharmacology Group , Korea Institute of Toxicology , 141 Gajeong-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daegeon , 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy , Keimyung University , 1095 Dalgubeoldaero , Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy , Keimyung University , 1095 Dalgubeoldaero , Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601 , Republic of Korea
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34
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Ellul S, Wake M, Clifford SA, Lange K, Würtz P, Juonala M, Dwyer T, Carlin JB, Burgner DP, Saffery R. Metabolomics: population epidemiology and concordance in Australian children aged 11-12 years and their parents. BMJ Open 2019; 9:106-117. [PMID: 31273021 PMCID: PMC6624050 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics is high throughput and cost-effective, with the potential to improve the understanding of disease and risk. We examine the circulating metabolic profile by quantitative NMR metabolomics of a sample of Australian 11-12 year olds children and their parents, describe differences by age and sex, and explore the correlation of metabolites in parent-child dyads. DESIGN The population-based cross-sectional Child Health CheckPoint study nested within the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. SETTING Blood samples collected from CheckPoint participants at assessment centres in seven Australian cities and eight regional towns; February 2015-March 2016. PARTICIPANTS 1180 children and 1325 parents provided a blood sample and had metabolomics data available. This included 1133 parent-child dyads (518 mother-daughter, 469 mother-son, 68 father-daughter and 78 father-son). OUTCOME MEASURES 228 metabolic measures were obtained for each participant. We focused on 74 biomarkers including amino acid species, lipoprotein subclass measures, lipids, fatty acids, measures related to fatty acid saturation, and composite markers of inflammation and energy homeostasis. RESULTS We identified differences in the concentration of specific metabolites between childhood and adulthood and in metabolic profiles in children and adults by sex. In general, metabolite concentrations were higher in adults than children and sex differences were larger in adults than in children. Positive correlations were observed for the majority of metabolites including isoleucine (CC 0.33, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.38), total cholesterol (CC 0.30, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.35) and omega 6 fatty acids (CC 0.28, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.34) in parent-child comparisons. CONCLUSIONS We describe the serum metabolite profiles from mid-childhood and adulthood in a population-based sample, together with a parent-child concordance. Differences in profiles by age and sex were observed. These data will be informative for investigation of the childhood origins of adult non-communicable diseases and for comparative studies in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Ellul
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics and The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan A Clifford
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Lange
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Würtz
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Nightingale Health Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - John B Carlin
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David P Burgner
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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35
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Mu X, Ji C, Wang Q, Liu K, Hao X, Zhang G, Shi X, Zhang Y, Gonzalez FJ, Wang Q, Wang Y. Non-targeted metabolomics reveals diagnostic biomarker in the tongue coating of patients with chronic gastritis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:541-551. [PMID: 31255854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the properties of the tongue has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for disease diagnosis. Notably, tongue analysis, which is non-invasive and convenient compared with gastroscopy and pathological examination, can be used to assess chronic gastritis (CG). In order to find potential diagnostic biomarkers and study the metabolic mechanisms of the endogenous small molecules in the tongue coating related to CG, a non-targeted metabolomic analysis method was developed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS). It was performed using two different columns in positive and negative ion scanning modes separately. The stability of the samples was evaluated and the age and gender factors of the subjects were excluded to ensure the reliability of the data in this study. Finally, under the four analysis models, 130, 229, 113 and 92 differential compounds were found using multivariate statistical methods respectively. 37 potential biomarkers were putatively identified after removing the duplicate compounds and five potential diagnostic biomarkers were putatively identified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, including inosine, oleamide, adenosine, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and xanthine. The main metabolic pathways associated with CG were purine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and energy metabolism, which suggested that oxygen free radicals and energy metabolism were altered in patients with CG. These results provided a potential new basis for the quantitative diagnosis and pathogenesis of CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Chuanyuan Ji
- Hebei Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Xinyu Hao
- Hebei Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Guanhua Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.
| | - Yangang Wang
- Hebei Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, PR China.
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36
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Cree-Green M, Carreau AM, Rahat H, Garcia-Reyes Y, Bergman BC, Pyle L, Nadeau KJ. Amino acid and fatty acid metabolomic profile during fasting and hyperinsulinemia in girls with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E707-E718. [PMID: 30753112 PMCID: PMC6580169 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00532.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and altered muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. IR in adults with obesity and diabetes is associated with changes in amino acid, free fatty acid (FFA), and mitochondrial acylcarnitine (AC) metabolism. We sought to determine whether these metabolites are associated with IR and/or androgens in youth-onset PCOS. We enrolled obese girls with PCOS [ n = 15, 14.5 yr (SD 1.6), %BMI 98.5 (SD 1.0)] and without PCOS [ n = 6, 13.2 yr (SD 1.2), %BMI 98.0 (SD 1.1)]. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Untargeted metabolomics of plasma was performed while fasting and during hyperinsulinemia. Fasting arginine, glutamine, histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine were higher ( P < 0.04 for all but P < 0.001 for valine), as were glutamine and histidine during hyperinsulinemia ( P < 0.03). Higher valine during hyperinsulinemia was associated with IR ( r = 0.59, P = 0.006). Surprisingly, end-clamp AC C4 was lower in PCOS, and lower C4 was associated with IR ( r = -0.44, P = 0.04). End-clamp FFAs of C14:0, C16:1, and C18:1 were higher in PCOS girls, and C16:1 and C18:1 strongly associated with IR ( r = 0.73 and 0.53, P < 0.01). Free androgen index related negatively to short-, medium-, and long-chain AC ( r = -0.41 to -0.71, P < 0.01) but not FFA or amino acids. Obese girls with PCOS have a distinct metabolic signature during fasting and hyperinsulinemia. As in diabetes, IR related to valine and FFAs, with an unexpected relationship with AC C4, suggesting unique metabolism in obese girls with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Cree-Green
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
- Center for Women's Health Research , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anne-Marie Carreau
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Haseeb Rahat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Yesenia Garcia-Reyes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health , Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
- Center for Women's Health Research , Aurora, Colorado
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Kartsova LA, Solov’eva SA. Application of Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Techniques to Metabolomic Studies. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934819040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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38
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Buszewska-Forajta M, Rachoń D, Stefaniak A, Wawrzyniak R, Konieczna A, Kowalewska A, Markuszewski MJ. Identification of the metabolic fingerprints in women with polycystic ovary syndrome using the multiplatform metabolomics technique. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 186:176-184. [PMID: 30670174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In addition to chronic anovulation and clinical signs of hyperandrogenism women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are insulin resistant and therefore, develop central obesity with its long term consequences such as dyslipidaemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which all lead to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Due to the polysymptomatic nature of this syndrome and lack of consensus on its diagnostic criteria there is a strong need of finding a reliable biochemical or molecular marker, which would facilitate making the accurate diagnosis of PCOS. Therefore, the aim of our study was to perform a metabolomics analysis with the use of two complementary techniques: gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, of the serum samples from women with PCOS (n = 30) and to compare them with healthy age and BMI matched controls (n = 30). Obtained results were subjected to one-dimensional statistical analysis (student's t-test or its non-parametric equivalent U Mann-Whitney test) and multivariate statistical analysis (the principal component analysis [PCA], variable importance into projection [VIP] and selectivity ratio [SR]). The results of our study showed that women with PCOS are characterised by metabolic disorders of the amino acids, carbohydrates, steroid hormones, lipids and purines. Compared to control subjects, women with PCOS had increased serum levels of phospholipids, aromatic amino acids, organic acids, hormones and sphinganine and decreased total cholesterol. Among the identified compounds, total cholesterol, phenylalanine and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, uric and lactic acid were the compounds with the strongest discriminating power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Buszewska-Forajta
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dominik Rachoń
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Stefaniak
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Renata Wawrzyniak
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Konieczna
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Michał Jan Markuszewski
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Halama A, Aye MM, Dargham SR, Kulinski M, Suhre K, Atkin SL. Metabolomics of Dynamic Changes in Insulin Resistance Before and After Exercise in PCOS. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:116. [PMID: 30873121 PMCID: PMC6400834 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Plasma elevated levels of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and aromatic amino acids (AAA) have been associated with obesity and insulin resistance, but their relationship to stimulated insulin resistance (IR) in PCOS and in response to exercise is unknown. Indeed, it is unknown whether the mechanism of IR in PCOS is mediated through changes in the metabolome. Methods: Twelve women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and ten age and body mass index matched controls completed an 8 week supervised exercise program at 60% maximal oxygen consumption. Before and after the exercise program, all participants underwent maximal IR stimulation with intralipid infusions followed by insulin sensitivity (IS) measurement by hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamps. Amino acid profiles and metabolites were taken at baseline and at maximal insulin resistance stimulation before and after the exercise program. Results: At baseline, PCOS subjects showed increased leucine/isoleucine, glutamate, methionine, ornithine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and proline (p < 0.05) that, following exercise, did not differ from controls. While compering within the groups, no significant changes in the amino acid levels before and after exercise were observed. Exercise improved VO2 max (p < 0.01) but did not alter weight. Amino acid profiles were unaffected by an acute increase in IR induced by the lipid infusion. IS was lower in PCOS (p < 0.001) and was further decreased by the lipid infusion in both PCOS and controls. Although, exercise improved IS in both PCOS and in controls, the IS remained compromised in PCOS. Conclusion: The baseline amino acid profile in PCOS reflected that seen in obese subjects and differed to controls. After exercise, and despite no change in weight in either group, there were no differences in the amino acid profile between PCOS and controls. This shows that exercise may normalize the amino acid metabolome, irrespective of weight. ISRCTN number: ISRCTN42448814.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Halama
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Myint Myint Aye
- Department of Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Soha R. Dargham
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Michal Kulinski
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Stephen L. Atkin
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Stephen L. Atkin
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Murri M, Insenser M, Fernández-Durán E, San-Millán JL, Luque-Ramírez M, Escobar-Morreale HF. Non-targeted profiling of circulating microRNAs in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): effects of obesity and sex hormones. Metabolism 2018; 86:49-60. [PMID: 29410349 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Circulating micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that influence gene transcription. We conducted the present profiling study to characterize the expression of circulating miRNAs in lean and obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder in premenopausal women. BASIC PROCEDURES We selected 11 control women, 12 patients with PCOS and 12 men so that they were similar in terms of body mass index. Five control women, 6 men and 6 patients with PCOS had normal weight whereas 6 subjects per group were obese. We used miRCURY LNA™ Universal RT microRNA PCR for miRNA profiling. MAIN FINDINGS The expression of 38 miRNAs and was different between subjects with PCOS and male and female controls. The differences in 15 miRNAs followed a pattern suggestive of androgenization characterized by expression levels that were similar in patients with PCOS and men but were different compared with those of control women. The expression of 13 miRNAs in women with PCOS was similar to that of control women and different compared with the expression observed in men, suggesting sexual dimorphism and, lastly, we observed 5 miRNAs that were expressed differently in women with PCOS compared with both men and control women, suggesting a specific abnormality in expression associated with the syndrome. Obesity interacted with the differences in several of these miRNAs, and the expression levels of many of them correlated with the hirsutism score, sex hormones and/or indexes of obesity, adiposity and metabolic dysfunction. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that several serum miRNAs are influenced by PCOS, sex hormones and obesity. Our findings may guide the targeted search of miRNAs as clinically relevant markers for PCOS and its association with obesity and metabolic dysfunction in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mora Murri
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Insenser
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Fernández-Durán
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José L San-Millán
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Luque-Ramírez
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor F Escobar-Morreale
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
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Honour JW, Conway E, Hodkinson R, Lam F. The evolution of methods for urinary steroid metabolomics in clinical investigations particularly in childhood. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 181:28-51. [PMID: 29481855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The metabolites of cortisol, and the intermediates in the pathways from cholesterol to cortisol and the adrenal sex steroids can be analysed in a single separation of steroids by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to MS to give a urinary steroid profile (USP). Steroids individually and in profile are now commonly measured in plasma by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with MS/MS. The steroid conjugates in urine can be determined after hydrolysis and derivative formation and for the first time without hydrolysis using GC-MS, GC-MS/MS and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The evolution of the technology, practicalities and clinical applications are examined in this review. The patterns and quantities of steroids changes through childhood. Information can be obtained on production rates, from which children with steroid excess and deficiency states can be recognised when presenting with obesity, adrenarche, adrenal suppression, hypertension, adrenal tumours, intersex condition and early puberty, as examples. Genetic defects in steroid production and action can be detected by abnormalities from the GC-MS of steroids in urine. New mechanisms of steroid synthesis and metabolism have been recognised through steroid profiling. GC with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) has been used for the tentative identification of unknown steroids in urine from newborn infants with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Suggestions are made as to areas for future research and for future applications of steroid profiling. As routine hospital laboratories become more familiar with the problems of chromatographic and MS analysis they can consider steroid profiling in their test repertoire although with LC-MS/MS of urinary steroids this is unlikely to become a routine test because of the availability, cost and purity of the internal standards and the complexity of data interpretation. Steroid profiling with quantitative analysis by mass spectrometry (MS) after chromatography now provides the most versatile of tests of adrenal function in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Honour
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 74 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6AU, UK.
| | - E Conway
- Clinical Biochemistry, HSL Analytics LLP, Floor 2, 1 Mabledon Place, London, WC1H 9AX, UK
| | - R Hodkinson
- Clinical Biochemistry, HSL Analytics LLP, Floor 2, 1 Mabledon Place, London, WC1H 9AX, UK
| | - F Lam
- Clinical Biochemistry, HSL Analytics LLP, Floor 2, 1 Mabledon Place, London, WC1H 9AX, UK
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Medical comorbidity in polycystic ovary syndrome with special focus on cardiometabolic, autoimmune, hepatic and cancer diseases: an updated review. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2018; 29:390-396. [PMID: 28901968 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is defined by hyperandrogenism, irregular menses and polycystic ovaries when other causes are excluded. The possible implication of increased morbidity in PCOS for screening and follow-up is uncertain and is reviewed in this article. RECENT FINDINGS The increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in PCOS is closely associated with BMI. Women with PCOS should be screened for the elements of the metabolic syndrome upon diagnosis. Measurement of HbA1c and the lipid accumulation product could be important tools to differentiate women with high metabolic risk. The immune function in PCOS is impaired with increased secretion of autoantibodies and increased risk of type 1 diabetes, asthma and thyroid disease. The occurrence of thyroid disease could be modified by BMI and D-vitamin status. Screening for diabetes and thyroid disease is part of routine evaluation for endocrine diseases at baseline in PCOS, whereas the necessity of prospective screening for thyroid disease awaits future studies. Especially obese women with PCOS are at an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, gall bladder disease and endometrial cancer. SUMMARY Recent data support that screening and follow-up in patients with PCOS should be stratified according to BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Honour
- Institute for Women's Health University College London Huntley St., London, UK
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