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Liu M, Du Y, Gao D. Licochalcone A: a review of its pharmacology activities and molecular mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1453426. [PMID: 39188947 PMCID: PMC11345200 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1453426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Licorice, derived from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, is a key Traditional Chinese Medicine known for its detoxifying, spleen-nourishing, and qi-replenishing properties. Licochalcone A (Lico A), a significant component of licorice, has garnered interest due to its molecular versatility and receptor-binding affinity. This review explores the specific roles of Lico A in various diseases, providing new insights into its characteristics and guiding the rational use of licorice. Comprehensive literature searches using terms such as "licorice application" and "pharmacological activity of Lico A" were conducted across databases including CNKI, PubMed, and Google Scholar to gather relevant studies on Lico A's pharmacological activities and mechanisms. Lico A, a representative chalcone in licorice, targets specific mechanisms in anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. It also plays a role in post-transcriptional regulation. This review delineates the similarities and differences in the anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Lico A, concluding that its effects on non-coding RNA through post-transcriptional mechanisms deserve further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Liu
- Research Center of Emotional Diseases, Shenyang Anning Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory for Causes and Drug Discovery of Chronic, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Du
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dejiang Gao
- Research Center of Emotional Diseases, Shenyang Anning Hospital, Shenyang, China
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Liu Q, Zhang Z, Ji P, Liu J, Chen B, E M, Qi H, Hou T, Huang Q, Ding L, Guo C, Zhao D, Yang W, Wang Z, Li X. Ginseng polysaccharide components attenuate obesity and liver lipid accumulation by regulating fecal microbiota and hepatic lysine degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131872. [PMID: 38677706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of obesity has led to widespread attention in the exploration of natural ingredients. Ginseng polysaccharides (PGP), the main components from Panax ginseng, have been reported potential effect to attenuate obesity and regulate lipid metabolism. In this study, we found that PGP inhibited the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain, fat ratio and fat tissue weight after 8-week administration. Serum and liver lipid analysis showed that PGP decreased the levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol, which was mediated by the inhibition of key genes for fatty acid and cholesterol metabolisms. Metabolomics studies showed that the inhibitory effect of PGP on liver lipid accumulation was significantly correlated with its regulation of citric acid cycle and lysine degradation. PGP regulated the expression of genes related to lysine degradation in both liver tissue and hepatocytes. In addition, PGP reshaped the composition of fecal microbiota at the genus and species levels in obese mice. Spearman's correlation analysis demonstrated that Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus lentus, and Pseudoflavonifractor sp. An85 may be the potential targets that PGP maintains the abundance of l-lysine against obesity. It concluded that PGP can attenuate obesity and liver lipid accumulation by regulating fecal microbiota and hepatic lysine degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Zepeng Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Boxue Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Mingyao E
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Tong Hou
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Qingxia Huang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China.
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China.
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Fakhoury-Sayegh N, Hamdan A, Lebbos S, Itani T, Trak-Smayra V, Khazzaka A, Dagher-Hamalian C, Sayegh LN, Mallah M, Obeid O, Sayegh R. Spirulina ( Arthrospira platensis) Improved Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Characteristics and Microbiota and Did Not Affect Organ Fibrosis Induced by a Fructose-Enriched Diet in Wistar Male Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:1701. [PMID: 38892633 PMCID: PMC11174493 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) is reported to play a role in improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and intestinal microbiota (IM). To study spirulina's effects in the improvement of NAFLD characteristics, IM, and pancreatic-renal lesions induced by a fructose-enriched diet, 40 Wistar healthy male rats, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into four groups of 10, and each rat per group was assigned a diet of equal quantities (20 g/day) for 18 weeks. The first control group (CT) was fed a standardized diet, the second group received a 40% fructose-enriched diet (HFr), and the third (HFr-S5) and fourth groups (HFr-S10) were assigned the same diet composition as the second group but enriched with 5% and 10% spirulina, respectively. At week 18, the HFr-S10 group maintained its level of serum triglycerides and had the lowest liver fat between the groups. At the phylae and family level, and for the same period, the HFr-S10 group had the lowest increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and the Ruminococcaceae and the highest fecal alpha diversity compared to all other groups (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that at a 10% concentration, spirulina could be used in nutritional intervention to improve IM, fatty liver, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters associated with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Fakhoury-Sayegh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University, Damascus Street, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5076, Lebanon;
| | - Aya Hamdan
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Sarah Lebbos
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University, Damascus Street, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5076, Lebanon;
| | - Tarek Itani
- Laboratory of Enteric Virus Infections, Federal Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections «Virome», Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 620030 Yekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Viviane Trak-Smayra
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Damascus Street, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5076, Lebanon;
| | - Aline Khazzaka
- Department of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Damascus Street, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5076, Lebanon;
| | - Carole Dagher-Hamalian
- Department of Pathology, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 36, Lebanon;
| | - Lea Nicole Sayegh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA;
| | - May Mallah
- Department of Microbiology Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University, Damascus Street, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5076, Lebanon;
| | - Omar Obeid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon;
| | - Raymond Sayegh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Damascus Street, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5076, Lebanon;
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Lee H, Cho S, Kim D, Lee T, Kim HS. Bioelectric medicine: unveiling the therapeutic potential of micro-current stimulation. Biomed Eng Lett 2024; 14:367-392. [PMID: 38645592 PMCID: PMC11026362 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-024-00366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioelectric medicine (BEM) refers to the use of electrical signals to modulate the electrical activity of cells and tissues in the body for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we particularly focused on the microcurrent stimulation (MCS), because, this can take place at the cellular level with sub-sensory application unlike other stimuli. These extremely low-level currents mimic the body's natural electrical activity and are believed to promote various physiological processes. To date, MCS has limited use in the field of BEM with applications in several therapeutic purposes. However, recent studies provide hopeful signs that MCS is more scalable and widely applicable than what has been used so far. Therefore, this review delves into the landscape of MCS, shedding light on the multifaceted applications and untapped potential of MCS in the realm of healthcare. Particularly, we summarized the hierarchical mediation from cell to whole body responses by MCS including its physiological applications. Our final objective of this review is to contribute to the growing body of literature that unveils the captivating potential of BEM, with MCS poised at the intersection of technological innovation and the intricacies of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Gangwon 26493 South Korea
| | - Seungkwan Cho
- Gfyhealth Inc., Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488 South Korea
| | - Doyong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Gangwon 26493 South Korea
| | - Taehyun Lee
- Gfyhealth Inc., Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488 South Korea
| | - Han Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Gangwon 26493 South Korea
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Schneider CV, Schneider KM, Raptis A, Huang H, Trautwein C, Loomba R. Prevalence of at-risk MASH, MetALD and alcohol-associated steatotic liver disease in the general population. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59:1271-1281. [PMID: 38500443 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of at-risk metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (at-risk MASH) has not been systematically assessed. AIM To delineate the prevalence of at-risk MASH in a large population-based cohort. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 40,189 patients in the UK Biobank who underwent liver MRI. Hepatic steatosis was determined by proton density fat fraction (PDFF) ≥5%. Based on AASLD criteria, participants were classified as alcohol-associated steatotic liver disease (ALD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), combined metabolic alcoholic liver disease (MetALD) and at-risk MASH. RESULTS Among 40,189 patients, 10,886 (27.0%) had a PDFF ≥5%, indicating SLD. Among patients with SLD, 1% had ALD, 89.0% had MASLD, 7.9% had MetALD and 2.2% had at-risk MASH. The at-risk MASH group, which included 0.6% of the general population, had the highest mean liver fat on MRI and the highest BMI. Serum biomarkers highlighted increased inflammation and metabolic changes in at-risk MASH. The prevalence of MASLD was significantly higher among men with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Non-obese women showed only a 12% risk of MASLD. Conversely, MetALD had similar prevalence in obese men and women and was absent in non-obese women. CONCLUSIONS MASLD is prevalent among patients with elevated PDFF on MRI. There are different sex- and BMI-specific prevalence of different steatotic liver disorders. At-risk MASH demonstrates the most severe metabolic and inflammatory profiles. This study provides novel estimates for the at-risk MASH population that will be eligible for treatment with pharmacologic therapy when approved by regulatory authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin V Schneider
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kai Markus Schneider
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anastasia Raptis
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Helen Huang
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rohit Loomba
- MASLD Research Centre, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Sangpairoj K, Pranweerapaiboon K, Saengkhae C, Meemon K, Niamnont N, Tamtin M, Sobhon P, Yisarakun W, Siangcham T. Extracts of tropical green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera reduce hepatic lipid accumulation by modulating lipid metabolism molecules in HepG2 cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27635. [PMID: 38509999 PMCID: PMC10950575 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Seaweed has attracted attention as a bioactive source for preventing different chronic diseases, including liver injury and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the leading cause of liver-related mortality. Caulerpa lentillifera is characterized as tropical edible seaweed, currently being investigated for health benefits of its extracts and bioactive substances. This study examined the effects of C. lentillifera extract in ethyl acetate fraction (CLEA) on controlling lipid accumulation and lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells induced with oleic acid through the in vitro hepatic steatosis model. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated that CLEA contained diverse organic compounds, including hydrocarbons, amino acids, and carboxylic acids. Docked conformation of dl-2-phenyltryptophane and benzoic acid, two major bioactive CLEA components, showed high affinity binding to SIRT1 and AMPK as target molecules of lipid metabolism. CLEA reduced lipid accumulation and intracellular triglyceride levels in HepG2 cells stimulated with oleic acid. The effect of CLEA on regulating expression of lipid metabolism-related molecules was investigated by qPCR and immunoblotting. CLEA promoted expression of the SIRT1 gene in oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells. CLEA also reduced expression levels of SREBF1, FAS, and ACC genes, which might be related to activation of AMPK signaling in lipid-accumulated HepG2 cells. These findings suggest that CLEA contains bioactive compounds potentially reducing triglyceride accumulation in lipid-accumulated HepG2 hepatocytes by controlling lipid metabolism molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kant Sangpairoj
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kanta Pranweerapaiboon
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | | | - Krai Meemon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nakorn Niamnont
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Mod, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Montakan Tamtin
- Department of Fisheries, Kung Krabaen Bay Royal Development Study Centre, Chanthaburi, Thailand
| | - Prasert Sobhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Tanapan Siangcham
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
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Han C, Li Z, Liu R, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Zuo X, Zhang Y, Geng Z, Huang H, Pan X, Li W. Lonicerae flos polysaccharides improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by activating the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway and reshaping gut microbiota. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7721-7738. [PMID: 37439182 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer. Lonicerae flos polysaccharides (LPs) have been shown to be effective in treating metabolic diseases; however, the therapeutic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of LPs in NAFLD remain unclear. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate the morphological characterization of Lonicerae flos polysaccharides (LPs) and the mechanism of LPs in relieving NAFLD. METHODS The morphology of LPs was observed using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal weight (TG), and thermal weight derivative (DTG); NAFLD mice were treated with LPs at the same time as they were induced with a Western diet, and then the indexes related to glycolipid metabolism, fibrosis, inflammation, and autophagy in the serum and liver of the mice were detected. RESULTS The atomic force microscope analysis results indicated that the LPs displayed sugar-chain aggregates, exhibited an amorphous structure, and were relatively stable in thermal cracking at 150 °C. It was also found that LPs exerted therapeutic effects in NAFLD. The LPs prevented high-fat and -cholesterol diet-induced NAFLD progression by regulating glucose metabolism dysregulation, insulin resistance, lipid accumulation, inflammation, fibrosis, and autophagy. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor compound C abrogated LP-induced hepatoprotection in mice with NAFLD. The LPs further treated NAFLD by reshaping the structure of the gut microbiota, in which Desulfovibrio bacteria plays a key roles. CONCLUSION Lonicerae flos polysaccharides exert protective effects against NAFLD in mice by improving the structure of the intestinal flora and activating the AMPK signaling pathway. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zongshuo Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiying Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuli Zuo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyu Geng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Houyu Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuzhen Pan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Zamanian MY, Sadeghi Ivraghi M, Khachatryan LG, Vadiyan DE, Bali HY, Golmohammadi M. A review of experimental and clinical studies on the therapeutic effects of pomegranate ( Punica granatum) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Focus on oxidative stress and inflammation. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7485-7503. [PMID: 38107091 PMCID: PMC10724645 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is frequently linked to metabolic disorders and is prevalent in obese and diabetic patients. The pathophysiology of NAFLD involves multiple factors, including insulin resistance (IR), oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and genetic predisposition. Recently, there has been an emphasis on the use of herbal remedies with many people around the world resorting to phytonutrients or nutraceuticals for treatment of numerous health challenges in various national healthcare settings. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) parts, such as juice, peel, seed and flower, have high polyphenol content and is well known for its antioxidant capabilities. Pomegranate polyphenols, such as hydrolyzable tannins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids, have high antioxidant capabilities that can help lower the OS and inflammation associated with NAFLD. The study aimed to investigate whether pomegranate parts could attenuate OS, inflammation, and other risk factors associated with NAFLD, and ultimately prevent the development of the disease. The findings of this study revealed that: 1. pomegranate juice contains hypoglycemic qualities that can assist manage blood sugar levels, which is vital for avoiding and treating NAFLD. 2. Polyphenols from pomegranate flowers increase paraoxonase 1 (PON1) mRNA and protein levels in the liver, which can help protect liver enzymes and prevent NAFLD. 3. Punicalagin (PU) is one of the major ellagitannins found in pomegranate, and PU-enriched pomegranate extract (PE) has been shown to inhibit HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid deposition in rats. 4. Pomegranate fruit consumption, which is high in antioxidants, can decrease the activity of AST and ALT (markers of liver damage), lower TNF-α (a marker of inflammation), and improve overall antioxidant capacity in NAFLD patients. Overall, the polyphenols in pomegranate extracts have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and protective effects on liver enzymes, which can help prevent and manage NAFLD effects on liver enzymes, which can help prevent and manage NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yassin Zamanian
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of PharmacyHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | | | - Lusine G. Khachatryan
- Department of Pediatric Diseases, N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children's HealthI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
| | - Diana E. Vadiyan
- Institute of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and OrthodonticsI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
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Sawada K, Chung H, Softic S, Moreno-Fernandez ME, Divanovic S. The bidirectional immune crosstalk in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1852-1871. [PMID: 37939656 PMCID: PMC10680147 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is an unabated risk factor for end-stage liver diseases with no available therapies. Dysregulated immune responses are critical culprits of MASLD pathogenesis. Independent contributions from either the innate or adaptive arms of the immune system or their unidirectional interplay are commonly studied in MASLD. However, the bidirectional communication between innate and adaptive immune systems and its impact on MASLD remain insufficiently understood. Given that both innate and adaptive immune cells are indispensable for the development and progression of inflammation in MASLD, elucidating pathogenic contributions stemming from the bidirectional interplay between these two arms holds potential for development of novel therapeutics for MASLD. Here, we review the immune cell types and bidirectional pathways that influence the pathogenesis of MASLD and highlight potential pharmacologic approaches to combat MASLD based on current knowledge of this bidirectional crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sawada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Hak Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Department of Pediatrics and Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Maria E Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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10
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Morinaga A, Iwanaga K, Maki K, Ueno T, Kawano K, Funakoshi S, Yamanokuchi T, Tsuji M, Abe M, Satoh A, Kawazoe M, Maeda T, Yoshimura C, Takahashi K, Tada K, Ito K, Yasuno T, Kawanami D, Masutani K, Arima H. Association between serum ALT levels and incidence of new-onset diabetes in general population of Japanese: a longitudinal observational study (ISSA-CKD). BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074007. [PMID: 37550028 PMCID: PMC10407361 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to clarify the relationship between serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and incidence of new-onset diabetes in a Japanese general population. SETTING Population-based retrospective cohort study using annual health check-up data for residents of Iki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. PARTICIPANTS A total of 5330 Japanese individuals (≥30 years old) without diabetes at baseline were analysed. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Serum ALT levels were determined using an enzymatic method and were classified into gender-specific quartile groups as follows: group 1 (3-16 U/L in men and 3-13 U/L in women), group 2 (17-21 U/L in men and 14-16 U/L in women), group 3 (22-29 U/L in men and 17-22 U/L in women) and group 4 (30-428 U/L in men and 23-268 U/L in women). The study outcome was the incidence of diabetes (fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L, non-fasting glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L, glycated haemoglobin ≥6.5% or use of glucose-lowering therapies). RESULTS After an average follow-up period of 5.0 years, 279 individuals developed diabetes. The incidence rate of diabetes increased with elevation of serum ALT levels (0.7% per 100 person-years in group 1, 0.9% in group 2, 0.9% in group 3 and 1.7% in group 4) (p<0.001 for trend). This association was significant after adjustment for other risk factors including age, sex, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, smoking, current daily alcohol intake and regular exercise (p<0.001 for trend). Comparable associations were observed between men and women (p=0.459 for interaction). CONCLUSION Serum ALT levels were associated with future development of diabetes in the general Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Morinaga
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Iwanaga
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kaori Maki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tamami Ueno
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kawano
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Funakoshi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Yamanokuchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Science, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tsuji
- Department of Lifestyle and Welfare Information, Kindai University Kyushu Junior College, Iizuka, Japan
| | - Makiko Abe
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Satoh
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miki Kawazoe
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Maeda
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chikara Yoshimura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tada
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ito
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Yasuno
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daiji Kawanami
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Masutani
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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11
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Memaj P, Ouzerara Z, Jornayvaz FR. Role of Oxidative Stress and Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11271. [PMID: 37511031 PMCID: PMC10379080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a widely studied subject due to its increasing prevalence and links to diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. It has severe complications, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and portal hypertension that can lead to liver transplantation in some cases. To better prevent and treat this pathology, it is important to understand its underlying physiology. Here, we identify two main factors that play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of NAFLD: oxidative stress and the key role of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1). We discuss the pathophysiology linking these factors to NAFLD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plator Memaj
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zayd Ouzerara
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R Jornayvaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Sohrabi M, Aghapour S, Khoonsari M, Ajdarkosh H, Nobakht H, Zamani F, Nikkhah M. Serum Alkaline Phosphate Level Associates with Metabolic Syndrome Components Regardless of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver; A Population-Based Study in Northern Iran. Middle East J Dig Dis 2023; 15:175-179. [PMID: 38023461 PMCID: PMC10660317 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2023.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an indicator of hepatobiliary disorders, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). To assess the association between serum ALP levels and MetS, with or without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), in a cohort study in northern Iran. Methods: Data from approximately 5257 subjects aged more than 18 years participating in the Amol cohort were used. We extracted the required data and investigated the correlation between liver enzyme levels and MetS. Multiple logistic regression analyses based on the serum ALP quartiles were performed. Results: Of them, 2860 were male with a mean age of 42.11±16.1 years. A positive linear trend was observed between serum ALP levels and the number of MetS components in both sexes. In both sexes, systolic blood pressure, waist circumferences, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) had a significant association with ALP. After adjusting for age, both sexes with NAFLD showed an increased risk of developing MetS. The risk of NAFLD increased in individuals with>2nd quartile of ALP. Furthermore, higher ALP levels were associated with an increased risk of MetS in males (1.1014 [0.782-1.315]) and females (1.441 [1.085-1.913]). Conclusion: There is a significant association between serum ALP levels and MetS, independent of fatty liver changes, suggesting that this marker can be considered as a feasible predictor of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoudreza Sohrabi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sevil Aghapour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoodreza Khoonsari
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ajdarkosh
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Nobakht
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Carrascosa JM, Vilarrasa E, Belinchón I, Herranz P, Crespo J, Guimerá F, Olveira A. Common Approach to Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Patients With Psoriasis: Consensus-Based Recommendations From a Multidisciplinary Group of Experts. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2023; 114:392-401. [PMID: 36720362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen concerted efforts to understand the relation between psoriasis and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Not only is MALFD diagnosed more often in patients with psoriasis, but its clinical course is also more aggressive. A common approach is therefore needed to enable early detection of liver disease coincident with psoriasis. Especially important is an analysis of risks and benefits of potentially hepatotoxic treatments. This consensus paper presents the recommendations of a group of experts in dermatology and hepatology regarding screening for MALFD as well as criteria for monitoring patients and referring them to hepatologists when liver disease is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Carrascosa
- Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. IGTP Badalona, Barcelona, España.
| | - E Vilarrasa
- Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - I Belinchón
- Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (ISABIAL), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, España
| | - P Herranz
- Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
| | - J Crespo
- Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla. IDIVAL. Escuela de Medicina. Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, España
| | - F Guimerá
- Servicio de Dermatología y Patología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, España
| | - A Olveira
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
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14
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Azbazdar Y, Poyraz YK, Ozalp O, Nazli D, Ipekgil D, Cucun G, Ozhan G. High-fat diet feeding triggers a regenerative response in the adult zebrafish brain. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2486-2506. [PMID: 36670270 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03210-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a range of liver conditions ranging from excess fat accumulation to liver failure. NAFLD is strongly associated with high-fat diet (HFD) consumption that constitutes a metabolic risk factor. While HFD has been elucidated concerning its several systemic effects, there is little information about its influence on the brain at the molecular level. Here, by using a high-fat diet (HFD)-feeding of adult zebrafish, we first reveal that excess fat uptake results in weight gain and fatty liver. Prolonged exposure to HFD induces a significant increase in the expression of pro-inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation markers in the liver and brain tissues. Immunofluorescence analyses of the brain tissues disclose stimulation of apoptosis and widespread activation of glial cell response. Moreover, glial activation is accompanied by an initial decrease in the number of neurons and their subsequent replacement in the olfactory bulb and the telencephalon. Long-term consumption of HFD causes activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the brain tissues. Finally, fish fed an HFD induces anxiety, and aggressiveness and increases locomotor activity. Thus, HFD feeding leads to a non-traumatic brain injury and stimulates a regenerative response. The activation mechanisms of a regeneration response in the brain can be exploited to fight obesity and recover from non-traumatic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Azbazdar
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1662, USA
| | - Yusuf Kaan Poyraz
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozgun Ozalp
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dilek Nazli
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dogac Ipekgil
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Cucun
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 3640 76021, Karlsruhe, Postfach, Germany
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430, Izmir, Turkey.
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15
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Munteanu C, Schwartz B. The Effect of Bioactive Aliment Compounds and Micronutrients on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040903. [PMID: 37107278 PMCID: PMC10136128 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current review, we focused on identifying aliment compounds and micronutrients, as well as addressed promising bioactive nutrients that may interfere with NAFLD advance and ultimately affect this disease progress. In this regard, we targeted: 1. Potential bioactive nutrients that may interfere with NAFLD, specifically dark chocolate, cocoa butter, and peanut butter which may be involved in decreasing cholesterol concentrations. 2. The role of sweeteners used in coffee and other frequent beverages; in this sense, stevia has proven to be adequate for improving carbohydrate metabolism, liver steatosis, and liver fibrosis. 3. Additional compounds were shown to exert a beneficial action on NAFLD, namely glutathione, soy lecithin, silymarin, Aquamin, and cannabinoids which were shown to lower the serum concentration of triglycerides. 4. The effects of micronutrients, especially vitamins, on NAFLD. Even if most studies demonstrate the beneficial role of vitamins in this pathology, there are exceptions. 5. We provide information regarding the modulation of the activity of some enzymes related to NAFLD and their effect on this disease. We conclude that NAFLD can be prevented or improved by different factors through their involvement in the signaling, genetic, and biochemical pathways that underlie NAFLD. Therefore, exposing this vast knowledge to the public is particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Munteanu
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Betty Schwartz
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The School of Nutritional Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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16
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Li C, Bassey AP, Zhou G. Molecular Changes of Meat Proteins During Processing and Their Impact on Quality and Nutritional Values. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2023; 14:85-111. [PMID: 36972162 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-052720-124932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Meats are rich in lipids and proteins, exposing them to rapid oxidative changes. Proteins are essential to the human diet, and changes in the structure and functional attributes can greatly influence the quality and nutritional value of meats. In this article, we review the molecular changes of proteins during processing, their impact on the nutritional value of fresh and processed meat, the digestibility and bioavailability of meat proteins, the risks associated with high meat intake, and the preventive strategies employed to mitigate these risks. This information provides new research directions to reduce or prevent oxidative processes that influence the quality and nutritional values of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Collaborative Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control; College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China;
| | - Anthony Pius Bassey
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Collaborative Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control; College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China;
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Collaborative Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control; College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China;
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17
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Che T, Song Y, Su W, Xing S, Wang H, Tan M. Hepatic parenchymal cell and mitochondrial-targeted astaxanthin nanocarriers for relief of high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Food Funct 2023; 14:2908-2920. [PMID: 36883333 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo04036k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic syndrome disorder. Here, hepatic parenchymal cell and mitochondrial-targeted nanocarriers were constructed to deliver astaxanthin (AST) to liver tissue to maximize AST intervention efficiency. The hepatic parenchymal cell-targeting was achieved using galactose (Gal) conjugated onto whey protein isolate (WPI) through the Maillard reaction by recognizing asialoglycoprotein receptors specifically expressed in hepatocytes. Grafting triphenylphosphonium (TPP) onto glycosylated WPI by an amidation reaction enabled the nanocarriers (AST@TPP-WPI-Gal) to achieve dual targeting capability. The AST@TPP-WPI-Gal nanocarriers could target mitochondria in steatotic HepG2 cells with an enhanced anti-oxidative and anti-adipogenesis effect. The ability of AST@TPP-WPI-Gal to target liver tissue was verified by an NAFLD mice model, and the results showed that AST@TPP-WPI-Gal could regulate blood lipid disorders, protect liver function, and remarkably reduce liver lipid accumulation (40%) compared with that of free AST. Therefore, AST@TPP-WPI-Gal might have potential as a dual targeting hepatic agent for nutritional intervention for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Che
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yukun Song
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Wentao Su
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Shanghua Xing
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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18
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Xu X, Wang L, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Fan G. Managing metabolic diseases: The roles and therapeutic prospects of herb-derived polysaccharides. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114538. [PMID: 36931026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases have become a public health problem worldwide. Effective, novel and natural therapies are urgently needed to treat metabolic diseases. As natural bioactive compounds, polysaccharides have many physiological and medicinal properties. Recently, herb-derived polysaccharides have shown beneficial effects in the treatment of metabolic diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This review comprehensively summarizes the pharmacological progress and clinical evidence of herb-derived polysaccharides in the treatment of three metabolic diseases, namely type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity, and more importantly, discusses the molecular mechanism involved. Existing evidence has proved that herb-derived polysaccharides can maintain glucose homeostasis, promote insulin secretion, improve insulin resistance, reduce weight gain and hepatic steatosis, inhibit lipogenesis, alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation, and improve gut microbiota disorders in rodents with metabolic diseases. Notably, so far, human clinical trials of herb-derived polysaccharides for these three metabolic diseases remain rare. All in all, herb-derived polysaccharides may have good potential as drug candidates for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases. More high-quality clinical trials are needed to further validate its effectiveness and safety in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Gang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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19
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Wikan N, Tocharus J, Oka C, Sivasinprasasn S, Chaichompoo W, Suksamrarn A, Tocharus C. The capsaicinoid nonivamide suppresses the inflammatory response and attenuates the progression of steatosis in a NAFLD-rat model. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23279. [PMID: 36541345 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is relatively associated with comorbidities in obesity and metabolic inflammation. Low-grade inflammation following the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD can promote the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) through particularly liver-resident immune cell recruitment and hepatic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Therefore, inflammatory intervention may contribute to NASH reduction. Pelargonic acid vanillylamide (PAVA) or nonivamide is one of the pungent capsaicinoids of Capsicum species and has been found in chili peppers. Our previous study demonstrated that PAVA improved hepatic function, decreased oxidative stress and reduced apoptotic cell death but the insight role of PAVA on NAFLD is still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism of PAVA in an NAFLD-rat model. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with normal diet or HFD for 16 weeks. Then high-fat rats were given vehicle or PAVA (1 mg/kg/day) for another 4 weeks. We found that PAVA alleviated hepatic inflammation associated with the reducing toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB pathway, showing significantly lower recruitment of cluster of differentiation 44. PAVA also maintained activity of insulin signaling pathway, and attenuated NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome formation. NAFLD progresses to NASH through transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), and also recovery to simple stage followed by PAVA suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. Therefore, our findings suggest that PAVA provides a novel therapeutic approach for NAFLD and slows the progression to NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruemon Wikan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chio Oka
- Functional Genomics and Medicine, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Waraluck Chaichompoo
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chainarong Tocharus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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20
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Cerisier N, Dafniet B, Badel A, Taboureau O. Linking chemicals, genes and morphological perturbations to diseases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 461:116407. [PMID: 36736439 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The progress in image-based high-content screening technology has facilitated high-throughput phenotypic profiling notably the quantification of cell morphology perturbation by chemicals. However, understanding the mechanism of action of a chemical and linking it to cell morphology and phenotypes remains a challenge in drug discovery. In this study, we intended to integrate molecules that induced transcriptomic perturbations and cellular morphological changes into a biological network in order to assess chemical-phenotypic relationships in humans. Such a network was enriched with existing disease information to suggest molecular and cellular profiles leading to phenotypes. Two datasets were used for this study. Firstly, we used the "Cell Painting morphological profiling assay" dataset, composed of 30,000 compounds tested on human osteosarcoma cells (named U2OS). Secondly, we used the "L1000 mRNA profiling assay" dataset, a collection of transcriptional expression data from cultured human cells treated with approximately 20,000 bioactive small molecules from the Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS). Furthermore, pathways, gene ontology terms and disease enrichments were performed on the transcriptomics data. Overall, our study makes it possible to develop a biological network combining chemical-gene-pathway-morphological perturbation and disease relationships. It contains an ensemble of 9989 chemicals, 732 significant morphological features and 12,328 genes. Through diverse examples, we demonstrated that some drugs shared similar genes, pathways and morphological profiles that, taken together, could help in deciphering chemical-phenotype observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Cerisier
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1133, CNRS UMR 8251, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Bryan Dafniet
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1133, CNRS UMR 8251, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Anne Badel
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1133, CNRS UMR 8251, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Taboureau
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1133, CNRS UMR 8251, 75006 Paris, France.
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21
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Chen Y, You N, Shen C, Wu J, Zhang J. Helicobacter pylori infection increases the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic population. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1076579. [PMID: 36819677 PMCID: PMC9929141 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1076579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the population is still controversial. Diabetes and NAFLD are both metabolically related diseases, and no studies have classified the population to study the effect of H. pylori infection on NAFLD in diabetics. Methods A population of people who were examined in the Taizhou Hospital Health Examination Center from 2017 to 2022 was included, and hematological indicators, body parameters, ultrasound data, and H. pylori detection by urea nitrogen test were collected from patients. All physical examination populations were divided into diabetic and non-diabetic populations. Results After multivariate logistic regression, H. pylori infection remained an independent risk factor for NAFLD in diabetics, but it had no significant effect on NAFLD in non-diabetic population. Additionally, there was a nonlinear relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin and H. pylori infection in diabetic population. Moreover, the incidence of NAFLD in diabetics increased with persistent H. pylori infection. Conclusion In the diabetic population, H. pylori infection does increase the risk of developing NAFLD. Glycemic control and eradication of H. pylori infection may have positive implications for reducing the incidence of NAFLD in diabetic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Ningning You
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Chuchen Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Juju Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Jinshun Zhang
- Health Management Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China,*Correspondence: Jinshun Zhang, ✉
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22
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Zhang J, Zhang W, Yang L, Zhao W, Liu Z, Wang E, Wang J. Phytochemical gallic acid alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via AMPK-ACC-PPARa axis through dual regulation of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154589. [PMID: 36610145 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) usually includes NAFL called simple hepatosteatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) called more steatohepatitis. The latter is a leading pathogenic promotor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Phytochemical gallic acid (GA) has been proved to exert positive efficacy in HCC in our work, but it remains unclear whether its hepatoprotective effect attributes to the controlled transition from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis. PURPOSE This work aims to provide mechanistic evidence that the therapeutic application of GA in NAFLD is indispensable for GA-meliorated NASH progression. METHODS The high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA)-treated hepatocytes were used collectively in this study. Bioinformatic analysis, clinical subjects, RNA-Seq, molecular docking, and confirmatory experiments were performed comprehensively to uncover the pathological link between the AMPK-ACC-PPARα axis and the treatment of NAFLD. RESULTS By analyzing the clinical subjects and GEO database, we find a close link between the activation of AMPK-ACC-PPARα axis and the progression of NAFLD in human fatty liver. Subsequent assays show that GA exhibits pharmacological activation of AMPK, reprogramming lipid metabolism, and reversing mitochondrial function in cellular and murine fatty liver models. AMPK activation conferred substantial protection against murine NASH and fibrosis in the context of HFD-induced NAFLD. In contrast, silencing AMPK badly aggravates lipid deposition in hepatocytes, boosting NASH and NAFLD-associated HCC progression. The in silico docking, in vitro surface plasmon resonance and in vivo cellular thermal shift assay collectively reveal that GA directly interacts with AMPKα, which inactivates the ACC-PPARα axis signaling. Notably, GA repairs the liver damage, lipotoxicity, and mitochondrial respiratory capacity caused by excessive mtROS, while showing minimal effects in other major organs in mice. CONCLUSION Our work identifies GA as an important suppressor of NAFLD-HCC progression, and underscores the AMPK-ACC-PPARα signal axis as a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Li Yang
- Hepatobiliary Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Hepatobiliary Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zuojia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Erkang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA.
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23
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Yong JN, Lim WH, Ng CH, Tan DJH, Xiao J, Tay PWL, Lin SY, Syn N, Chew N, Nah B, Dan YY, Huang DQ, Tan EXX, Sanyal AJ, Noureddin M, Siddiqui MS, Muthiah MD. Outcomes of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis After Liver Transplantation: An Updated Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:45-54.e6. [PMID: 34801743 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the fastest growing indication of liver transplantation (LT) and is projected to be the leading cause of LT in the near future. The systemic pathogenesis of NASH increases risks of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with NASH receiving LT. Thus, this study aimed to conduct a time-dependent survival analysis between LT recipients with and without NASH using hazard ratios. METHODS A search was conducted on Medline and Embase databases for articles relating to LT outcomes for NASH recipients. A survival analysis was conducted of hazard ratios using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model with meta-regression. To account for censoring, survival data were reconstructed from published Kaplan-Meier curves and pooled to derive more accurate hazard estimates and all-cause mortality in NASH patients after LT. Pairwise meta-analysis was conducted to analyze secondary outcomes. RESULTS Fifteen studies involving 119,327 LT recipients were included in our analysis with a prevalence of NASH of 20.2% (95% CI, 12.9-30.2). The pooled 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year all-cause mortality in NASH patients after LT were 12.5%, 24.4%, and 37.9%, respectively. Overall survival was comparable between LT recipients for NASH vs non-NASH (hazard ratio, 0.910; 95% CI, 0.760 to 1.10; P = .34). Meta-regression showed that a higher model for end-stage liver disease score was associated with significantly worse overall survival in NASH compared with non-NASH after LT (95% CI, -0.0856 to -0.0181; P = .0026). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that patients undergoing LT for NASH cirrhosis have comparable complication rates, overall survival, and graft survival compared with non-NASH patients, although close monitoring may be indicated for those with higher model for end-stage liver disease scores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas Chew
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre
| | - Benjamin Nah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yock Young Dan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Q Huang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Eunice Xiang Xuan Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Cedars-Sinai Fatty Liver Program, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mohammad Shadab Siddiqui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mark D Muthiah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore.
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24
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Yuan X, Li Y, Wen S, Xu C, Wang C, He Y, Zhou L. CircLDLR acts as a sponge for miR-667-5p to regulate SIRT1 expression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:127. [PMID: 36443854 PMCID: PMC9706878 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is a complex metabolic disease characterized by fatty degeneration of hepatocytes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to be essential for (NAFLD progression. The potential mechanism of circRNA low-density lipoprotein receptor (circLDLR) in the NAFLD was investigated in this study. METHODS Hepatocyte (Hepa1-6) cells treated with oleic acid/palmitic acid (OA/PA) were used as the in vitro NAFLD model, and C57BL/6 mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD) were used as the in vivo NAFLD model. The circLDLR, LDLR, and miR-667-5p expression were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), while the protein levels of Light Chain Microtubule-Associated Protein 3 (LC3) and Sequestosome-1(p62) was examined by western blot. The circLDLR location was confirmed using RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization. Oil red O staining was carried out to measure lipid deposition in cells. The secreted levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were detected through Enzymatic. The existence of the circLDLR/miR-667-5p/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) regulatory axis was validated by applying the dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS The circLDLR expression showed a prominent down-regulation in OA/PA-treated Hepa1-6 cells, whereas the LDLR expression was up-regulated. Overexpression of circLDLR significantly attenuated lipid droplet accumulation in NAFLD models in vitro/vivo, reduced TG, TC, and p62 levels, and increased LC3-II levels and the amount of the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-LC3 puncta in cells. CircLDLR and SIRT1 are common targets of miR-667-5p to inhibit the TG and TC and promote the autophagy pathway. SIRT1 knockdown reversed the effects of circLDLR overexpression. CONCLUSIONS CircLDLR alleviated the development of NAFLD by inducing autophagic flux while modulating the miR-667-5p/SIRT1 axis reversed its effects, suggesting that targeting circLDLR/miR-667-5p/SIRT1 axis may be a promising therapeutic strategy for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China.
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Song Wen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Chenglin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Yanju He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China.
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25
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Lim WH, Chew NW, Quek J, Ng CH, Tan DJH, Xiao J, Nah B, Lee GH, Huang DQ, Tan EXX, Muthiah MD. Echocardiographic assessment of cardiovascular function and clinical outcomes in liver transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2022; 36:e14793. [PMID: 35962725 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cardiovascular disease contributes to a high rate of morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation (LT). However, the progression of cardiac function and cardiac remodeling in LT recipients remains poorly understood. This study sought to evaluate the progression of cardiac function and structure in LT recipients and identify independent predictors of prognosis using echocardiography. METHODS From 2009 to 2019, 178 adult LT recipients at a tertiary academic transplant center were retrospectively studied. Transthoracic echocardiograms 1-year pre- and post-LT were assessed. Primary outcomes were progression of systolic and diastolic function. Secondary outcomes included left ventricular remodeling, all-cause mortality, and heart failure readmission post-LT. Subgroup analyzes were performed for etiology of native liver disease. A multivariable model was constructed to examine independent predictors of outcomes. RESULTS Systolic function significantly worsened, with reduction in stroke volume (45-37 ml/m2 , p < .001), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (65%-62%, p < .001) and cardiac index (3.00-2.60 L/min/m2 , p < .001). Conversely, there were significant improvements in diastolic indices, including tricuspid regurgitation Vmax (228-215 cm/s, p = .017), left atrial volume index (LAVI) (32-26 ml/m2 , p < .001) and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) (31-28 mmHg, p = .001). Additionally, patients had increased relative wall thickness (RWT) (p < .001) and decreased left ventricular end-diastolic dimension/body surface area (p < .001) post-LT. The independent predictors for all-cause mortality and heart failure were increased pre-LT mitral annular early diastolic velocity (HR 1.11, CI 1.02-1.22, p = .018), LAVI (HR 1.06, CI 1.02-1.11, p = .007) and decreased LVEF (HR .89, CI .82-.97, p = .006). The effect of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis on cardiovascular outcomes post-LT was largely comparable to that of Hepatitis B. CONCLUSION This study showed reduced systolic and improved diastolic function in LT recipients and highlighted the utility of pre-LT echocardiogram in the prognostication and risk stratification of LT candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hui Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Ws Chew
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingxuan Quek
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darren Jun Hao Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jieling Xiao
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Nah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Guan Huei Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Daniel Q Huang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Eunice Xiang Xuan Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Mark D Muthiah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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26
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Lee YH, Kim HJ, You M, Kim HA. Red Pepper Seeds Inhibit Hepatic Lipid Accumulation by Inducing Autophagy via AMPK Activation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204247. [PMID: 36296933 PMCID: PMC9608681 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the red pepper and its seeds have been studied for metabolic diseases, the effects and potential mechanisms of red pepper seed extract (RPS) on hepatic lipid accumulation are not yet completely understood. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of RPS on hepatic lipid accumulation via autophagy. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a HFD supplemented with RPS. RPS treatment inhibited hepatic lipid accumulation by suppressing lipogenesis, inducing hepatic autophagic flux, and activating AMPK in HFD-fed mice. To investigate the effect of RPS on an oleic acid (OA)-induced hepatic steatosis cell model, HepG2 cells were incubated in a high-glucose medium and OA, followed by RPS treatment. RPS treatment decreased OA-induced lipid accumulation and reduced the expression of lipogenesis-associated proteins. Autophagic flux dramatically increased in the RPS-treated group. RPS phosphorylated AMPK in a dose-dependent manner, thereby dephosphorylated mTOR. Autophagy inhibition with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) antagonized RPS-induced suppression of lipogenesis-related protein expressions. Moreover, the knockdown of endogenous AMPK also antagonized the RPS-induced regulation of lipid accumulation and autophagy. Our findings provide new insights into the beneficial effects of RPS on hepatic lipid accumulation through the AMPK-dependent autophagy-mediated downregulation of lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hyun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun 58554, Korea
| | - Hwa-Jin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun 58554, Korea
| | - Mikyoung You
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 28081, USA
| | - Hyeon-A Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun 58554, Korea
- Correspondence:
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27
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Hu H, Han Y, Cao C, He Y. The triglyceride glucose-body mass index: a non-invasive index that identifies non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the general Japanese population. J Transl Med 2022; 20:398. [PMID: 36064712 PMCID: PMC9446832 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background By identifying individuals at high risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), interventional programs could be targeted more effectively. Some studies have demonstrated that triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) showed an independent positive association with NAFLD. However, research on its diagnostic value in patients with suspected NAFLD is limited. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether TyG-BMI was accurate in detecting NAFLD in the general Japanese population. Methods A cross-sectional study of 14,280 individuals who underwent a comprehensive health examination was conducted. Standard protocols were followed to collect anthropometric measurements, lab data, and ultrasonography features. All participants were randomly stratified into the development group (n = 7118) and validation group (n = 7162). The TyG-BMI was calculated. Following this, the diagnostic value of the TyG-BMI was evaluated based on the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Two cutoff points were selected and used to rule out or rule in the NALFD, and the specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value were explored, respectively. In order to verify the stability of the results, external verification was performed. Results There were 1272 and 1243 NAFLD participants in the development and validation groups, respectively. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of TyG-BMI was 0.888 (95% CI 0.876–0.896) and 0.884 (95% CI 0.875–0.894) for the training and validation group, respectively. Using the low TyG-BMI (182.2) cutoff, NAFLD could be excluded with high accuracy (negative predictive value: 96.9% in estimation and 96.9% in validation). The presence of NAFLD could effectively be determined by applying the high cutoff of TyG-BMI (224.0), as the positive predictive value of the estimation and validation groups is 70.7% and 70.1%, respectively. As a result of applying this model, 9996 (70%) of the 14,280 participants would not have undergone ultrasonography, with an accurate prediction of 9308 (93.1%). AUC was 0.874 for external validation using 183,730 Chinese non-obese participants. TyG-BMI was demonstrated to be an excellent diagnostic tool by both internal and external validation. Conclusions In conclusion, the present study developed and validated a simple, non-invasive, and cost-effective tool to accurately separate participants with and without NAFLD in the Japanese population, rendering ultrasonography for identifying NAFLD unnecessary in a substantial proportion of people. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03611-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofei Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518071, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.,Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518071, Guangdong, China
| | - Changchun Cao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Dapeng New District Nan'ao People's Hospital, No. 6, Renmin Road, Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yongcheng He
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hengsheng Hospital, No. 20 Yintian Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
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28
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Sellers EAC, McLeod L, Prior HJ, Dragan R, Wicklow BA, Ruth C. Hospitalization and comorbidity in children with type 2 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:660-667. [PMID: 35643934 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe hospitalization rates and reasons for hospitalization in children with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and to compare these rates to a matched cohort without diabetes and to children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS Population-based cohorts of 528 children (7-18 years of age) with prevalent T2D, 1519 matched control children without diabetes and 778 children with T1D were identified from a clinical registry and linked to health care records to assess hospitalizations and reasons for hospitalizations using ICD-9CM and ICD-10CA codes. RESULTS Children with T2D are more likely than their matched controls and children with T1D to be admitted to hospital in the year prior to diagnosis {RR 2.83 (1.77, 4.53) p < 0.0001 and 8.05 (4.05, 16.00) p < 0.0001, respectively}, in the first year post diagnosis {RR 3.19 (2.08, 4.89) p < 0.0001 and 3.04 (1.86, 4.98) p < 0.0001, respectively} and in the 5 year post diagnosis period {RR 1.99 (1.56, 2.53) p < 0.0001 and 1.91 (1.48, 2.46) p < 0.0001, respectively}. Mental illness was the most common cause for hospital admission in both children with T2D and their matched controls. CONCLUSIONS This differs from children with T1D where endocrine causes constitute the most common reason for hospital admission. This analysis provides novel data on hospitalization rates and diagnoses in the increasing population of children with T2D. This information is important to inform health care programming and health policy planning to best meet the needs of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A C Sellers
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lorraine McLeod
- First Nations Health & Social Secretariat of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Heather J Prior
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Roxana Dragan
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Brandy A Wicklow
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Chelsea Ruth
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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29
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Amycenone reduces excess body weight and attenuates hyperlipidaemia by inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation in KK- Ay obese diabetic mice. J Nutr Sci 2022; 11:e55. [PMID: 35836693 PMCID: PMC9274390 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight and hyperlipidaemia cause severe health problems and have social implications. Amycenone is an active substance extracted from Yamabushitake mushrooms with no reports of its activity against excess body weight and hyperlipidaemia. This research clarifies the effects and mechanisms of action of amycenone on the inhibition of body weight excess and hyperlipidaemia attenuation using KK-Ay mice. Amycenone or water was administered to 8-week-old male KK-Ay mice by gavage for 8 weeks. Their body weight and food intake were recorded during the experiment. At the end of the experimental period, the mice were dissected, and blood samples, lipid metabolism-related organs and tissues were collected and stored for further analysis. Amycenone treatment suppressed body weight gain and improved serum levels of fasting blood glucose and non-esterified fatty acids. Additionally, serum and hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels were reduced after this treatment, whereas the phosphorylation levels of AMPK, PKA and HSL increased and the expression level of FAS decreased. The protein level of C/EBPβ and gene expression level of Cpt1 were higher in the perirenal adipose tissue of amycenone-treated KK-Ay mice. Furthermore, amycenone phosphorylated AMPK, PKA and ACC, and PPARγ expression was lower in the mesenteric adipose tissue. The phosphorylation levels of AMPK, LKB1, PKA and ACC were also induced, and FAS expression level was reduced in the liver of the amycenone-treated group. Amycenone could reduce excess body weight and attenuate hyperlipidaemia in KK-Ay mice by inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting lipolysis through lipid metabolism pathway stimulation and fatty acid β-oxidation acceleration.
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30
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Yagi C, Kusunoki Y, Tsunoda T, Murase T, Nakamura T, Osugi K, Ohigashi M, Morimoto A, Miyoshi A, Kakutani-Hatayama M, Kosaka-Hamamoto K, Kadoya M, Konishi K, Shoji T, Koyama H. Xanthine oxidoreductase activity is correlated with hepatic steatosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12282. [PMID: 35854080 PMCID: PMC9296494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the synthesis of uric acid (UA) from hypoxanthine and xanthine, which are products of purine metabolism starting from ribose-5-phosphate. Several studies suggested a relationship between hyperuricemia and hepatic steatosis; however, few previous studies have directly examined the relationship between XOR activity and hepatic steatosis. A total of 223 subjects with one or more cardiovascular risk factors were enrolled. The liver-to-spleen (L/S) ratio on computed tomography and the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) were used to assess hepatic steatosis. We used a newly developed highly sensitive assay based on [13C2, 15N2] xanthine and liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to measure plasma XOR activity. Subjects with the L/S ratio of < 1.1 and the HSI of < 36 had increased XOR activity and serum UA levels. Independent of insulin resistance and serum UA levels, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that plasma XOR activity was associated with the risk of hepatic steatosis as assessed by the L/S ratio and HSI. According to the findings of this study, plasma XOR activity is associated with hepatic steatosis independent of insulin resistance and serum UA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisako Yagi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kusunoki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Taku Tsunoda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Takayo Murase
- Radioisotope and Chemical Analysis Center, Laboratory Management Department, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Radioisotope and Chemical Analysis Center, Laboratory Management Department, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Osugi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Mana Ohigashi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Akiko Morimoto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Akio Miyoshi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Miki Kakutani-Hatayama
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Kae Kosaka-Hamamoto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Manabu Kadoya
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Konishi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Takuhito Shoji
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hidenori Koyama
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
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31
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Sohouli MH, Fatahi S, Izze da Silva Magalhães E, Rodrigues de Oliveira B, Rohani P, Ezoddin N, Roshan MM, Hekmatdoost A. Adherence to a Paleolithic Diet in Combination With Lifestyle Factors Reduces the Risk for the Presence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Case-Control Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:934845. [PMID: 35928841 PMCID: PMC9343691 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.934845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests the role of changing traditional lifestyle patterns, such as Paleolithic, to the modern lifestyle in the incidence and epidemic of chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between the Paleolithic diet (PD) and the Paleolithic-like lifestyle and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among an adult population. Materials and Methods This case-control study was carried out among 206 patients with NAFLD and 306 healthy subjects aged >18 years. PD score was evaluated using a validated 168-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire. In addition, to calculate the Paleolithic-like lifestyle score, the components of physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and smoking status of the participants were combined with the score of the PD. Results The mean PD and Paleolithic-like lifestyle scores were 38.11 ± 5.63 and 48.92 ± 6.45, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, higher scores of adherence to the PD diet conferred a protection for the presence of NAFLD [odds ratio (OR): 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28–0.98; P for trend = 0.021]. Furthermore, PD and healthy lifestyle habits were negatively associated with NAFLD (OR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.23–0.78; P for trend = 0.007). Conclusion Our data suggest that the PD alone and in combination with lifestyle factors was associated with decreased risk of NAFLD in a significant manner in the overall population. However, prospective studies are needed to further investigate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Fatahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Pejman Rohani
- Pediatrics Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Ezoddin
- Pediatrics Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdinezhad Roshan
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Azita Hekmatdoost ;
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32
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Kandhi R, Variya B, Ramanathan S, Ilangumaran S. An improved method for isolation and flow cytometric characterization of intrahepatic leukocytes from fatty and fibrotic liver tissues. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 306:1011-1030. [PMID: 35848859 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is an imperative tool to characterize alterations in a wide range of immune cell populations during inflammatory conditions and disease states that affect the liver such as the obesity-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis. Identification and quantification of immune cell subsets from the liver is critically dependent on efficient isolation of intrahepatic leukocytes. The isolation of leukocytes from fatty and fibrotic livers and processing the cells for flow cytometry can be challenging with respect to cell yields, purity and most importantly, the level of autofluorescence resulting from fat deposition. Here, we describe an efficient method for isolating intrahepatic leukocytes from mice fed with high fat diet and propose a strategy to alleviate autofluorescence during phenotyping by multicolor flowcytometry. We also describe a gating strategy for robust identification of granulocytes, pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and transitional state monocyte subsets, dendritic cells, B cell, T lymphocyte subpopulations and NK cell subsets. Overall, the procedures described here will allow simultaneous processing of several samples while ensuring reproducible cell isolation and efficient noise reduction required for reliable characterization of intrahepatic leukocytes from the fatty liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Kandhi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Bhavesh Variya
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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33
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He X, Jiang J, Zhang XX. Environmental exposure to low-dose perfluorohexanesulfonate promotes obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice fed a high-fat diet. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:49279-49290. [PMID: 35217953 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) is one of the most prevalent perfluoroalkyls. It is widely distributed in both abiotic and biotic environments because of its prevalence and bioaccumulative properties. Exposure to PFHxS has been associated with the higher serum liver functions associated with steatosis in obese people. This study explores the impact of chronic exposure to low-dose PFHxS on predisposition to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as well as on metabolic functions in diet-induced obese mice. Results showed that 12-week exposure to PFHxS at a dose of 450 μg/L through drinking water significantly promoted obesity and metabolic syndrome in male C57 mice fed a high-fat diet. The PFHxS exposure markedly aggravated hepatic symptoms resembling NAFLD and caused systematic metabolic disorders as well as gut dysbiosis in the obese mice. Key genes of hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis were strongly altered, while gut microflora that have been associated with obesity and pathogenesis of NAFLD, including the Bacteroides/Firmicutes ratio, Desulfovibrio, Mucispirillum, and Akkermansia, were significantly affected by the PFHxS exposure. The findings of this study suggest that environmental PFHxS exposure is a tangible risk factor for metabolic diseases such as NAFLD, especially among obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jinhong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xu-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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34
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Shen Y, Sun Y, Wang X, Xiao Y, Ma L, Lyu W, Zheng Z, Wang W, Li J. Liver Transcriptome and Gut Microbiome Analysis Reveals the Effects of High Fructose Corn Syrup in Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:921758. [PMID: 35845805 PMCID: PMC9280673 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.921758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is a viscous mixture of glucose and fructose that is used primarily as a food additive. This article explored the effect of HFCS on lipid metabolism-expressed genes and the mouse gut microbiome. In total, ten 3-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups, including the control group, given purified water (Group C) and 30% HFCS in water (Group H) for 16 weeks. Liver and colonic content were collected for transcriptome sequencing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. HFCS significantly increased body weight, epididymal, perirenal fat weight in mice (p < 0.05), and the proportion of lipid droplets in liver tissue. The expression of the ELOVL fatty acid elongase 3 (Elovl3) gene was reduced, while Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 (Scd1), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (Pparg), fatty acid desaturase 2 (Fads2), acyl-CoA thioesterase 2 (Acot2), acyl-CoA thioesterase 2 (Acot3), acyl-CoA thioesterase 4 (Acot4), and fatty acid binding protein 2 (Fabp2) was increased in Group H. Compared with Group C, the abundance of Firmicutes was decreased in Group H, while the abundance of Bacteroidetes was increased, and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was obviously decreased. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Faecalibaculum, Erysipelatoclostridium, and Parasutterella was increased in Group H, whereas that of Staphylococcus, Peptococcus, Parabacteroides, Donghicola, and Turicibacter was reduced in Group H. Pparg, Acot2, Acot3, and Scd1 were positively correlated with Erysipelatoclostridium and negatively correlated with Parabacteroides, Staphylococcus, and Turicibacter. Bifidobacterium was negatively correlated with Elovl3. Overall, HFCS affects body lipid metabolism by affecting the expression of lipid metabolism genes in the liver through the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangying Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingping Xiao
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyan Ma
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Lyu
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zibin Zheng
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- Institute of Food Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Cui Z, Jin N, Amevor FK, Shu G, Du X, Kang X, Ning Z, Deng X, Tian Y, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Li D, Zhang Y, Wang X, Han X, Feng J, Zhao X. Dietary Supplementation of Salidroside Alleviates Liver Lipid Metabolism Disorder and Inflammatory Response to Promote Hepatocyte Regeneration via PI3K/AKT/Gsk3-β Pathway. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102034. [PMID: 35926351 PMCID: PMC9356167 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) is a chronic hepatic disease which occurs when there is a disorder in lipid metabolism. FLHS is often observed in caged laying hens and characterized by a decrease in egg production and dramatic increase of mortality. Salidroside (SDS) is an herbal drug which has shown numerous pharmacological activities, such as protecting mitochondrial function, attenuating cell apoptosis and inflammation, and promoting antioxidant defense system. We aimed to determine the therapeutic effects of SDS on FLHS in laying hens and investigate the underlying mechanisms through which SDS operates these functions. We constructed oleic acid (OA)-induced fatty liver model in vitro and high-fat diet-induced FLHS of laying hens in vivo. The results indicated that SDS inhibited OA-induced lipid accumulation in chicken primary hepatocytes, increased hepatocyte activity, elevated the mRNA expression of proliferation related genes PCNA, CDK2, and cyclinD1 and increased the protein levels of PCNA and CDK2 (P < 0.05), as well as decreased the cleavage levels of Caspase-9, Caspase-8, and Caspase-3 and apoptosis in hepatocytes (P < 0.05). Moreover, SDS promoted the phosphorylation levels of PDK1, AKT, and Gsk3-β, while inhibited the PI3K inhibitor (P < 0.05). Additionally, we found that high-fat diet-induced FLHS hens had heavier body weight, liver weight, and abdominal fat weight, and severe steatosis in histology, compared with the control group (Con). However, hens fed with SDS maintained lighter body weight, liver weight, and abdominal fat weight, as well as normal liver without hepatic steatosis. In addition, high-fat diet-induced FLHS hens had high levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) compared to the Con group, however, in the Model+SDS group, the levels of TC, TG, ALT, and AST decreased significantly, whereas the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased significantly (P < 0.05). We also found that SDS significantly decreased the mRNA expression abundance of PPARγ, SCD, and FAS in the liver, as well as increased levels of PPARα and MTTP, and decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in the Model+SDS group (P < 0.05). In summary, this study showed that 0.3 mg/mL SDS attenuated ROS generation, inhibited lipid accumulation and hepatocyte apoptosis, and promoted hepatocyte proliferation by targeting the PI3K/AKT/Gsk3-β pathway in OA-induced fatty liver model in vitro, and 20 mg/kg SDS alleviated high-fat-diet-induced hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in laying hens in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Jin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Gang Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaxia Du
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Xincheng Kang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Zifan Ning
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Xun Deng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yaofu Tian
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Comprehensive Service Center of Razi County, Tibet Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Xue Han
- Guizhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Guizhou province, P. R. China
| | - Jing Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Tibet Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China.
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36
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Scavo MP, Depalo N, Rizzi F, Carrieri L, Serino G, Franco I, Bonfiglio C, Pesole PL, Cozzolongo R, Gianuzzi V, Curri ML, Osella AR, Giannelli G. Exosomal FZD-7 Expression Is Modulated by Different Lifestyle Interventions in Patients with NAFLD. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061133. [PMID: 35334792 PMCID: PMC8950750 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial condition characterized from hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic fat accumulation, in the absence of alcohol intake. NAFLD starts as steatosis (NAFL), and the continued injury relative to the toxic fat induces inflammation, steatohepatitis (NASH), and HCC. One of the factors determining liver degeneration during the evolution of NAFLD is a modification of Wnt/Frizzled (FZD) signaling. In particular, an inhibition of Wnt signaling and an overexpression of a specific FZD receptor protein, namely, the FZD7, have been observed in NAFLD. Actually, the prognosis and the follow-up of NAFLD is not easy, and the liver biopsy is the gold standard for an accurate detection of liver fibrosis. In this study, the modulation of the FZD7 expression levels in plasma-derived exosomes of NAFLD-affected patients, before and after specific lifestyle interventions, were experimentally evaluated by Western blotting analysis. The experimental data were analyzed by an accurate statistical study that indicated, in the exosomes derived from plasma of NAFLD patients with moderate or severe steatosis, an average expression level of FZD7 that was significantly higher than healthy subjects at baseline; conversely, the values were normalized after 90 days of specific lifestyle interventions. The overall results suggested that the FZD7 delivered by exosomes represents a good candidate as a new and effective biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Principia Scavo
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.P.S.); (N.D.); Tel.: +39-080-4994697 (M.P.S.)
| | - Nicoletta Depalo
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, Italian National Research Council (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.R.); (M.L.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.S.); (N.D.); Tel.: +39-080-4994697 (M.P.S.)
| | - Federica Rizzi
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, Italian National Research Council (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.R.); (M.L.C.)
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Livianna Carrieri
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Grazia Serino
- Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Isabella Franco
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (I.F.); (C.B.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Caterina Bonfiglio
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (I.F.); (C.B.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Pasqua Letizia Pesole
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Cozzolongo
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (R.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Vito Gianuzzi
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (R.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Maria Lucia Curri
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, Italian National Research Council (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.R.); (M.L.C.)
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Alberto Ruben Osella
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (I.F.); (C.B.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
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Zheng YT, Xiao TM, Wu CX, Cheng JY, Li LY. Correlation of Adiponectin Gene Polymorphisms rs266729 and rs3774261 With Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:798417. [PMID: 35399941 PMCID: PMC8983824 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.798417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has suggested an association of adiponectin gene polymorphisms rs1501299, rs2241766, rs266729 and rs3774261 with risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This correlation has been extensively meta-analyzed for the first two polymorphisms, but not the second two. METHODS The PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for relevant literature. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS A total of 10 case-control studies on rs266729 (2,619 cases and 1,962 controls) and 3 case-control studies on rs3774261 (562 cases and 793 controls) were included. Meta-analysis showed that rs266729 was associated with significantly higher NAFLD risk based on the following five models: allelic, OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.34-2.21, P < 0.001; recessive, OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.86-2.95, P < 0.001; dominant, OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.34-2.53, P < 0.001; homozygous, OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.84-3.92, P < 0.001; and heterozygous, OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.28-2.32, P < 0.001. This association between rs266729 and NAFLD risk remained significant for all five models among studies with Asian, Chinese and Caucasian samples. The rs2241766 polymorphism was associated with significantly higher NAFLD risk according to the recessive model (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.15-3.04, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Polymorphisms rs266729 and rs3774261 in the adiponectin gene may be risk factors for NAFLD. These findings may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies, but they should be verified in large, well-designed studies.
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Didenko VI, Klenina IA, Tatarchuk ОM, Hrabovska OI, Petishko OP. Specificities of lipotoxicity of free fatty acids and cytokine profile in patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/022201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is an important cause of global liver disease characterized by diffuse hepatocytes with hepatocellular ballooning, intrahepatic inflammation and progressive fibrosis. A relevant task is the study of the relationship between content of free fatty acids and serum cytokine profile in patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases. A total of 74 people with chronic diffuse liver diseases were examined, including 32 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, 22 patients with alcoholic liver disease, 20 patients with toxic hepatitis. Chromatographic examination of free fatty acids (FFA) in blood serum was carried out using a Chromatek-Crystal 5000 gas chromatography system. Patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases had a significant increase in the level of unsaturated free fatty acids (USFA) in cases of toxic hepatitis (by 2.92 times, P > 0.05) and a decrease in the level of saturated free fatty acids (SFA) in cases of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (by 1.52 times, P > 0.05) compared with the control group; the balance between omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA significantly changed due to increase in linoleic acid in patients with alcoholic liver disease and toxic hepatitis (by 1.91 and 2.11 times, respectively) and arachidonic acid in patients with toxic hepatitis (by 1.78 times). The level of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were determined. In patients suffering chronic diffuse liver diseases there were multidirectional changes in the composition of free fatty acids of blood serum: a significant increase in the level of USFA, levels ІL-6 in toxic hepatitis; a decrease in the level of SFA, levels ІL-6 and TNF-α during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; increased TNF-α production, ІL-6 during alcoholic liver disease compared with the control group. Significant change occurred in the balance between omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA due to increase in linoleic acid in cases of alcoholic liver disease and toxic hepatitis and arachidonic acid in cases of toxic hepatitis. The revealed correlations support the hypothesis that inflammation and lipotoxicity of FFA of blood serum contribute to the development and progression of structural changes in the liver. However, the pathomechanism of lipid metabolism and cytokine regulation with different etiological factors have their own characteristics, which should be taken into account when treating patients of these groups. Prospects for further research: these parameters may be used for serologic biomarkers of liver disease and development and implementation of the ratio between FFA and cytokines for the differential diagnosis of chronic diffuse liver disease in medical practice.
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Gluvic Z, Tomasevic R, Bojovic K, Obradovic M, Isenovic ER. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a multidisciplinary clinical practice approach—the institutional adaptation to existing Clinical Practice Guidelines. EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2021; 2:12-22. [DOI: 10.1097/ec9.0000000000000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is among the most frequently encountered chronic liver diseases in everyday clinical practice. It is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Today, liver biopsy is still the gold standard for NAFLD confirmation and assessing NAFLD's possible progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of the high prevalence of NAFLD and potential associated risks of invasive diagnostic procedures, it is of great interest to recruit the patients for liver biopsy. However, as the presence of liver fibrosis determines the further clinical course, liver biopsy is expectedly reserved for those with increased fibrosis risk. The quality of liver biopsy recruitment and patient monitoring could be significantly improved by using non-invasive tools to assess liver fibrosis presence and interactive collaboration between general practitioners, gastroenterologists, and endocrinologists. As a result, the quality of liver biopsy recruitment and patients monitoring could be significantly improved. Here, we proposed clinical practice guidelines that could be implemented for everyday clinical practice in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Gluvic
- University Clinical-Hospital Centre Zemun-Belgrade, Clinic of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ratko Tomasevic
- University Clinical-Hospital Centre Zemun-Belgrade, Clinic of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ksenija Bojovic
- Clinical Centre of Serbia, Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Obradovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences – National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences – National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Wan J, Zhang Y, Yang D, Liang Y, Yang L, Hu S, Liu Z, Fang Q, Tian S, Ding Y. Gastrodin Improves Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through Activation of the Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway. Hepatology 2021; 74:3074-3090. [PMID: 34297426 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS NASH is currently one of the most common causes of liver transplantation and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus far, there is still no effective pharmacological therapy for this disease. Recently, Gastrodin has demonstrated hepatoprotective effects in a variety of liver diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the function of Gastrodin in NASH. APPROACH AND RESULTS In our study, Gastrodin showed potent therapeutic effects on NASH both in vivo and in vitro. In high-fat diet or high-fat and high-cholesterol diet-fed mice, the liver weight, hepatic and serum triglyceride and cholesterol contents, and serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity levels were markedly reduced by Gastrodin treatment as compared with the corresponding vehicle groups. Notably, Gastrodin showed minimal effects on the function and histological characteristics of other major organs in mice. We further examined the effects of Gastrodin on lipid accumulation in primary mouse hepatocytes and human hepatocyte cell line and observed that Gastrodin showed a significant decrease in lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in hepatocytes under metabolic stress. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing analysis systemically indicated that Gastrodin suppressed the pathway and key regulators related to lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in the pathogenesis of NASH. Mechanistically, we found that Gastrodin protected against NASH by activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, which was supported by the result that the AMPK inhibitor Compound C or AMPK knockdown blocked the Gastrodin-mediated hepatoprotective effect. CONCLUSIONS Gastrodin attenuates steatohepatitis by activating the AMPK pathway and represents a therapeutic for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Diqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjie Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sha Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Yang J, Zhou S, Gu Z, Cheng L, Cui C, Shen Y, Hong Y. Effect of starch-hydrocolloid complexes with heat-moisture treatment on in vivo digestibility. Food Funct 2021; 12:8017-8025. [PMID: 34269784 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01586a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of starch-hydrocolloid (gum arabic, xanthan gum, and guar gum) complexes with heat-moisture treatment (HMT) on in vivo digestibility. In vivo digestibility experiments revealed that the body weight, liver weight, and fat index of mice in the intervention group were significantly reduced compared with those in the high-fat group. Glucose tolerance improved, and blood lipid levels, liver and adipose tissue morphology returned to normal. The results of mRNA expression levels showed that the intervention of corn starch-hydrocolloid complexes after HMT down-regulated the expression level of genes related to fat synthesis compared with the high-fat group, which could decrease lipid deposition and stabilize blood lipid levels. Results revealed that starch-xanthan gum complex (1 : 40 ratio) with HMT could markedly reduce the digestibility of starch. Overall, this study provides new ideas for the application of low-glycemic-index and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
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Siddiqui ATS, Parkash O, Hashmi SA. Malnutrition and liver disease in a developing country. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4985-4998. [PMID: 34497430 PMCID: PMC8384735 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i30.4985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is a highly prevalent and under recognized condition in developing countries of South Asia. The presence of malnutrition causes a severe impact on patients with liver cirrhosis. The etiology of cirrhosis differs in the South Asian region compared to the West, with hepatitis B and C still being the leading causes and the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increasing over time. Comorbid malnutrition worsens outcomes for cirrhosis patients. Urgent attention to address malnutrition is needed to improve patient outcomes. The etiology and pathophysiology of malnutrition in liver diseases is multifactorial, as reduction in liver function affects both macronutrients and micronutrients. A need for nutritional status assessment for liver disease patients exists in all parts of the world. There are many widely studied tools in use to perform a thorough nutritional assessment, of which some tools are low cost and do not require extensive training. These tools can be studied and evaluated for use in the resource limited setting of a country like Pakistan. Treatment guidelines for proper nutrition maintenance in chronic liver disease exist for all parts of the world, but the knowledge and practice of nutritional counseling in Pakistan is poor, both amongst patients and physicians. Emphasis on assessment for nutritional status at the initial visit with recording of vital signs is needed. Simultaneously, treating physicians need to be made aware of the misconceptions surrounding nutritional restrictions in cirrhosis so that patient education is done correctly based on proper scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Om Parkash
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
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Hussain M, Umair Ijaz M, Ahmad MI, Khan IA, Bukhary SUF, Khan W, Hussain S, Hashmi MS, Li C. Gut inflammation exacerbates hepatic injury in C57BL/6J mice via gut-vascular barrier dysfunction with high-fat-incorporated meat protein diets. Food Funct 2021; 11:9168-9176. [PMID: 33026380 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02153a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Meat and its derivatives provide nutrients essential for human health. However, meat consumption, along with excessive fat intake, has been associated with gut inflammation, intestinal barrier dysfunction and alterations in gut microbiota. Herein, we investigated whether and how these changes in the intestinal barrier system affect the gut liver axis and hepatic injury and eventually lead to the progression of liver syndrome such as NAFLD. METHODS Mice were fed with high fat (60% kcal) or low fat (12% kcal) along with soybean (control), chicken and pork proteins (HFCH, HFP, LFCH, and LFP) for 12 weeks. The biomarkers for liver injury were investigated after meat protein intake along with the high fat. FINDINGS Greater amount of fat vacuoles visible in the H&E staining increased the inflammatory cell infiltration and disorganized liver structures were observed in the HFP-fed mice. Oil Red O staining revealed that the HFP-fed and HFCH-fed mice showed more lipid droplets, confirming the increased hepatic lipid accumulation. Potential serum markers for NAFLD, ALT and AST were increased in the HF meat diet groups. Key genes responsible for hepatic inflammation and lipogenesis, such as MCP-1, IL1-β and TNF-α were upregulated. HF meat protein diet-fed mice exhibited signs of compromised liver with increased levels of endotoxin in the liver and its binding protein in serum, upregulation of TLRs in the liver, and significant increase in TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C concentrations. SIGNIFICANCE Intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction aggravate liver injury and fibrosis due to the intake of HF meat protein diets in mice, which may contribute to the progress of liver injury and associated complications. Gut inflammation may directly contribute to the development of NAFLD, especially of the gut vascular barricade dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzahir Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MARA; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China. and Department of Horticulture, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KPK, Pakistan and Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK 26000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Ijaz
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MARA; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Ijaz Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MARA; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Iftikhar Ali Khan
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MARA; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Syed Umar Farooq Bukhary
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MARA; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Waqar Khan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Sayed Hussain
- Department of Horticulture, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Majid Suhail Hashmi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK 26000, Pakistan
| | - Chunbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MARA; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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Im HJ, Ahn YC, Wang JH, Lee MM, Son CG. Systematic review on the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in South Korea. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101526. [PMID: 32919911 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis to estimate NAFLD prevalence and its change in Korea. METHODS We searched the literature involving NAFLD prevalence in Korea in PubMed, RISS, and KMBASE from inception to June 2017. Studies with subjects with certain disorders, population limitations, or subjects who consume alcohol were excluded. Analysis was stratified by publication year, age, gender, severity, body mass index (BMI), and diagnostic technique. Random-effects models were used to provide point estimates (95% confidence interval) of prevalence with subgroup analysis to account for heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 61 studies (837,897 participants) were included. The overall NAFLD prevalence in Korea was 30.3% (men: 41.1%, women: 20.3%), with a slight increase from 29.0% to 31.0% over an approximately 10-year period. BMI significantly affected NAFLD prevalence (≤ or > 25 kg/m2, 12.3% vs. 41.7%, p < 0.001), while women were significantly affected by aging (< or ≥ 50 years, 17.0% vs. 25.8%, p < 0.01). The prevalence of steatosis by severity was 22.6% for mild, 9.8% for moderate to severe and 2.2% for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with different patterns by gender. CONCLUSION The current study is the first systematic analysis on NAFLD prevalence in Korea and found a change in NAFLD prevalence during the recent decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwi Jin Im
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, # 35353 Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Chan Ahn
- Department of Health Service Management, Daejeon University, 96-3 Yongun-dong, Dong-gu, Daejeon 300-716, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing-Hua Wang
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, # 35353 Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Min Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, # 35353 Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gue Son
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, # 35353 Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Association of hepatic steatosis derived from ultrasound and quantitative MRI with prediabetes in the general population. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13276. [PMID: 34168217 PMCID: PMC8225774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the association of hepatic steatosis derived from quantitative ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with prediabetes in a large population-based study conducted in Northeast Germany. Hepatic steatosis was assessed through transabdominal ultrasound and quantitative MRI. For analysis we included 1622 subjects with MRI who participated in an oral glucose tolerance test and reported no known type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We classified participants as proposed by the American Diabetes Association: isolated impaired fasting glucose (i-IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT), combined IFG and IGT (IFG + IGT), and undiagnosed T2DM. Regression models were adjusted for age, sex body mass index and alcohol consumption. We observed positive associations of hepatic steatosis with glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose and insulin, 2-h glucose and insulin, as well as homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index. Similarly, individuals having hepatic steatosis as defined by MRI had a higher relative risk ratio (RR) to be in the prediabetes groups i-IFG (RR = 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2; 2.2), i-IGT (RR = 3.3, 95% CI 2.0; 5.6) and IFG + IGT (RR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.6; 3.9) or to have undiagnosed T2DM (RR = 4.8, 95% CI 2.6; 9.0). All associations were attenuated when defining hepatic steatosis by ultrasound. Hepatic steatosis is associated with prediabetes and undiagnosed T2DM in the general population. Quantitative liver MRI revealed stronger associations with prediabetes and undiagnosed T2DM compared to ultrasound, which indicates the higher sensitivity and specificity of MRI to determine hepatic steatosis.
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Cholongitas E, Tsilingiris D, Papatheodoridis GV, Tentolouris N. Microalbuminuria in NAFLD patients: The impact of cardiovascular system. Liver Int 2021; 41:1164-1165. [PMID: 33280201 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Cholongitas
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George V Papatheodoridis
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Carreres L, Jílková ZM, Vial G, Marche PN, Decaens T, Lerat H. Modeling Diet-Induced NAFLD and NASH in Rats: A Comprehensive Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040378. [PMID: 33918467 PMCID: PMC8067264 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, characterized by hepatic steatosis without any alcohol abuse. As the prevalence of NAFLD is rapidly increasing worldwide, important research activity is being dedicated to deciphering the underlying molecular mechanisms in order to define new therapeutic targets. To investigate these pathways and validate preclinical study, reliable, simple and reproducible tools are needed. For that purpose, animal models, more precisely, diet-induced NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) models, were developed to mimic the human disease. In this review, we focus on rat models, especially in the current investigation of the establishment of the dietary model of NAFLD and NASH in this species, compiling the different dietary compositions and their impact on histological outcomes and metabolic injuries, as well as external factors influencing the course of liver pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Carreres
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (L.C.); (Z.M.J.); (P.N.M.); (T.D.)
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Zuzana Macek Jílková
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (L.C.); (Z.M.J.); (P.N.M.); (T.D.)
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Guillaume Vial
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
- Inserm U 1300, Hypoxia PathoPhysiology (HP2), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice N. Marche
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (L.C.); (Z.M.J.); (P.N.M.); (T.D.)
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Thomas Decaens
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (L.C.); (Z.M.J.); (P.N.M.); (T.D.)
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
- Service D’hépato-Gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Hervé Lerat
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (L.C.); (Z.M.J.); (P.N.M.); (T.D.)
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
- Unité Mixte de Service UGA hTAG, Inserm US 046, CNRS UAR 2019, 38700 La Tronche, France
- Correspondence:
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Wang F, Park JS, Ma Y, Ma H, Lee YJ, Lee GR, Yoo HS, Hong JT, Roh YS. Ginseng Saponin Enriched in Rh1 and Rg2 Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Inhibiting Inflammasome Activation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030856. [PMID: 33807927 PMCID: PMC7999915 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming one of the most common chronic liver diseases in the world. One of the features of NAFLD is hepatic fat accumulation, which further causes hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammation. Saponins, the major pharmacologically active ingredients isolated from Panax notoginseng, contain several ginsenosides, which have various pharmacological and therapeutic functions. However, the ginsenoside-specific molecular mechanism of saponins in NAFLD remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of ginseng saponin extract and its ginsenosides on hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammation and their underlying action mechanism in NAFLD. Mice were fed a fast food diet (FFD) for 16 weeks to induce NAFLD and then treated with saponin extract (50 or 150 mg/kg) for the remaining nine weeks to determine the effects of saponin on NAFLD. Saponin extract administration significantly alleviated FFD-induced hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammation. Particularly, saponin extract, compared with conventional red ginseng, contained significantly increased amounts of ginsenosides (Rh1 (10.34-fold) and Rg2 (7.1-fold)). In vitro Rh1 and Rg2 treatments exerted an anti-steatotic effect in primary hepatocytes, an antifibrotic effect in hepatic stellate cells, and anti-inflammatory and pro-mitophagy effects in immortalized mouse Kupffer cells. Mechanistically, saponin extract alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by promoting mitophagy. In conclusion, saponin extract inhibited inflammation-mediated pathological inflammasome activation in macrophages, thereby preventing NAFLD development. Thus, saponin extract administration may be an alternative method for NAFLD prevention.
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Peiseler M, Tacke F. Inflammatory Mechanisms Underlying Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and the Transition to Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:730. [PMID: 33578800 PMCID: PMC7916589 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a rising chronic liver disease and comprises a spectrum from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to end-stage cirrhosis and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifactorial, but inflammation is considered the key element of disease progression. The liver harbors an abundance of resident immune cells, that in concert with recruited immune cells, orchestrate steatohepatitis. While inflammatory processes drive fibrosis and disease progression in NASH, fueling the ground for HCC development, immunity also exerts antitumor activities. Furthermore, immunotherapy is a promising new treatment of HCC, warranting a more detailed understanding of inflammatory mechanisms underlying the progression of NASH and transition to HCC. Novel methodologies such as single-cell sequencing, genetic fate mapping, and intravital microscopy have unraveled complex mechanisms behind immune-mediated liver injury. In this review, we highlight some of the emerging paradigms, including macrophage heterogeneity, contributions of nonclassical immune cells, the role of the adaptive immune system, interorgan crosstalk with adipose tissue and gut microbiota. Furthermore, we summarize recent advances in preclinical and clinical studies aimed at modulating the inflammatory cascade and discuss how these novel therapeutic avenues may help in preventing or combating NAFLD-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Peiseler
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
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50
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Veracruz N, Hameed B, Saab S, Wong RJ. The Association Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Stroke, and Extrahepatic Cancers. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2021; 11:45-81. [PMID: 33679048 PMCID: PMC7897860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although primarily a disease with liver-specific complications, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a systemic disease with extrahepatic complications. We aim to evaluate the association between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke and cerebrovascular disease, and extrahepatic cancers. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Systematic Review Database from January 1, 2000 to July 1, 2019 to identify peer-reviewed English language literature using predefined keywords for NAFLD, CVD, stroke and cerebrovascular disease, and extrahepatic cancers among adults. Two reviewers independently selected studies for inclusion. Measures of association between NAFLD and CVD, stroke and cerebrovascular disease, and extrahepatic cancers were extracted. Quality assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa scale and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). RESULTS Thirty studies were included evaluating CVD, 16 studies evaluating stroke or cerebrovascular disease, and 13 studies evaluating extrahepatic cancers. On pooled meta-analysis assessment, NAFLD was associated with increased risk of CVD (risk ratio [RR]: 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52-2.08) and stroke or cerebrovascular disease (RR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.72-2.51). Significant heterogeneity in assessing extrahepatic cancers prevented applying meta-analysis methods, but NAFLD seemed to be associated with increased risk of breast and colorectal cancers. Overall level of quality of studies were very low by GRADE. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD is associated with increased risks of CVD and stroke or cerebrovascular disease among adults. There appears to be increased risk of breast and colorectal cancers. Given low quality of evidence, it is premature to make any strong conclusions to modify CVD, stroke, or cancer screening policies in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Veracruz
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Bilal Hameed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sammy Saab
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert J. Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Alameda Health System, Highland Hospital, Oakland, CA, USA
- Address for correspondence:
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