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Alyar G, Umudum FZ. Differences in the levels of the appetite peptides ghrelin, peptide tyrosine tyrosine, and glucagon-like peptide-1 between obesity classes and lean controls. Lab Med 2024; 55:553-558. [PMID: 38417041 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to compare basal concentrations of the gastrointestinal appetite modulators ghrelin, peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) between obesity classes and obesity classes and controls. METHODS The study included 49 healthy controls with body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 29.9 kg/m² and 62 individuals with obesity with BMI ≥30 kg/m². Basal ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1 concentrations of the samples were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay commercial kit (SunRed Human). Other biochemical parameters were measured by a clinical chemistry autoanalyzer (Beckman Coulter AU 5800) in the biochemistry laboratory. RESULTS Compared with the control group, ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1 levels were significantly lower in the obese group (P < .05). The PYY concentration was significantly different between obese groups (P < .05). The PYY and GLP-1 levels were significantly different between obesity class I and obesity class III. In addition, ghrelin levels were significantly different between obesity class II and obesity class III. Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between BMI and serum ghrelin, GLP-1, and PYY concentrations. CONCLUSION Low basal ghrelin, GLP-1, and PYY hormones in the obese group compared with the control group indicate impaired appetite regulation in this population. The significant difference in PYY levels between obese groups was associated with increasing obesity grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülşah Alyar
- Atatürk University, Vocational School of Health Services, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Zühal Umudum
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Erzurum, Turkey
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Chen Z, Liu J, Ding H, Yan C, Zhu H, Huang S, Chen ZY. Dietary supplementation with capsaicinoids alleviates obesity in mice fed a high-fat-high-fructose diet. Food Funct 2024; 15:8572-8585. [PMID: 39073607 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo02102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Capsaicinoids are the pungent compounds in chili peppers. The present study investigated the effect of capsaicinoids on obesity in mice induced by a high-fat-high-fructose diet. Thirty-two male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8) and fed one of the following diets, namely, a low-fat diet (LFD), a high-fat-high-fructose diet (HFF), an HFF + 0.015% capsaicinoids (LCP), and an HFF + 0.045% capsaicinoids (HCP), for 12 weeks. Results showed that capsaicinoids significantly reversed HFF-induced obesity. Supplementation with capsaicinoids improved glucose tolerance, reduced plasma lipids, and attenuated inflammation. Capsaicinoids also reduced hepatic lipid accumulation by upregulating the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α). In addition, capsaicinoids enhanced the production of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and increased the fecal excretion of lipids. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that capsaicinoids decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and beneficially reconstructed the microbial community. However, the effects of capsaicinoids on intestinal villus length and lipid tolerance were negligible. In conclusion, capsaicinoids effectively attenuated HFF-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome by favorably modulating lipid metabolism, improving SCFA production, and reshaping gut microbial structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, NT, China.
| | - Jianhui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, NT, China.
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungus Preservation and Intensive Processing, Nanjing, China
| | - Huafang Ding
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, NT, China.
| | - Chi Yan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, NT, China.
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, NT, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shouhe Huang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, NT, China.
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, NT, China.
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Uprety LP, Lee CG, Oh KI, Jeong H, Yeo S, Yong Y, Seong JK, Kim IY, Go H, Park E, Jeong SY. Anti-obesity effects of Celosia cristata flower extract in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116799. [PMID: 38805969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overstoring of surplus calories in mature adipocytes causes obesity and abnormal metabolic activity. The anti-obesity effect of a Celosia cristata (CC) total flower extract was assessed in vitro, using 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and mouse adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), and in vivo, using high-fat diet (HFD)-treated C57BL/6 male mice. METHODS CC extract was co-incubated during adipogenesis in both 3T3-L1 cells and ADSCs. After differentiation, lipid droplets were assessed by oil red O staining, adipogenesis and lipolytic factors were evaluated, and intracellular triglyceride and glycerol concentrations were analyzed. For in vivo experiments, histomorphological analysis, mRNA expression levels of adipogenic and lipolytic factors in adipose tissue, blood plasma analysis, metabolic profiles were investigated. RESULTS CC treatment significantly prevented adipocyte differentiation and lipid droplet accumulation, reducing adipogenesis-related factors and increasing lipolysis-related factors. Consequently, the intracellular triacylglycerol content was diminished, whereas the glycerol concentration in the cell supernatant increased. Mice fed an HFD supplemented with the CC extract exhibited decreased HFD-induced weight gain with metabolic abnormalities such as intrahepatic lipid accumulation and adipocyte hypertrophy. Improved glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity were observed, accompanied by the amelioration of metabolic disturbances, including alterations in liver enzymes and lipid profiles, in CC-treated mice. Moreover, the CC extract helped restore the disrupted energy metabolism induced by the HFD, based on a metabolic animal monitoring system. CONCLUSION This study suggests that CC total flower extract is a potential natural herbal supplement for the prevention and management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Prasad Uprety
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Chang-Gun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University MIRAE Campus, Wonju 26493, South Korea
| | - Kang-Il Oh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | | | - Subin Yeo
- Nine B Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34121, South Korea
| | | | - Je Kyung Seong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Il Yong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyesun Go
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Eunkuk Park
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, South Korea.
| | - Seon-Yong Jeong
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, South Korea.
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Wang L, Liu Y, Li K, Zhang W, Yuan Y, Ma K, Zhou F, Cheng Z, Geng J, Su Y, Guo Z, Blake GM, Cheng X, Liu Y, Engelke K, Vlug AG. Age and BMI have different effects on subcutaneous, visceral, liver, bone marrow, and muscle adiposity, as measured by CT and MRI. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1339-1348. [PMID: 38783517 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We analyzed quantitative computed tomography (CT) and chemical shift-encoded magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from a Chinese cohort to investigate the effects of BMI and aging on different adipose tissue (AT) depots. METHODS In 400 healthy, community-dwelling individuals aged 22 to 83 years, we used MRI to quantify proton density fat fraction (PDFF) of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) bone marrow AT (BMAT), the psoas major and erector spinae (ES) muscles, and the liver. Abdominal total AT, visceral AT (VAT), and subcutaneous AT (SAT) areas were measured at the L2-L3 level using quantitative CT. Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship of each AT variable with age and BMI. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in which each AT variable was evaluated in turn as a function of age and the other five independent AT measurements. RESULTS Of the 168 men, 29% had normal BMI (<24.0 kg/m2), 47% had overweight (24.0-27.9 kg/m2), and 24% had obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m2). In the 232 women, the percentages were 46%, 32%, and 22%, respectively. Strong or very strong correlations with BMI were found for total AT, VAT, and SAT in both sexes. BMAT and ES PDFF was strongly correlated with age in women and moderately correlated in men. In both sexes, BMAT PDFF correlated only with age and not with any of the other AT depots. Psoas PDFF correlated only with ES PDFF and not with age or the other AT depots. Liver PDFF correlated with BMI and VAT and weakly with SAT in men. VAT and SAT correlated with age and each other in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS Age and BMI are both associated with adiposity, but their effects differ depending on the type of AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
- JST Sarcopenia Research Centre, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Yandong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Wenshuang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Kangkang Ma
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyun Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Zitong Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Geng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbin Su
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Guo
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Glen M Blake
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Xiaoguang Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- JST Sarcopenia Research Centre, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Klaus Engelke
- Institute of Medical Physics, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, FAU University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annegreet G Vlug
- Center for Bone Quality, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Liu M, Fang C, Mei K, Ling J, Fu W, Qi X, Yu P, Yan Z, Xu L, Zhao Y, Li X, Liu X. Serum copper and obesity among healthy adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300795. [PMID: 38923963 PMCID: PMC11206840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper (Cu) homeostasis are important processes in the cause of metabolic diseases, but the association between Cu and obesity remains unclear. METHODS Participants were drawn from the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Weighted logistic regression assessed the associations of serum Cu concentrations (tertiles) with obesity and central obesity in individuals without comorbidities. Obesity was defined as a BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2, and central obesity was defined as a waist circumference ≥80 cm for women and ≥95 cm for men. RESULTS This cross-sectional study included 1,665 adults without comorbidities, representing 24,744,034 people (mean age 35.1 years, 48.5% female). High serum Cu levels (tertile 3: ≥19.19 μmol/L) were associated with higher odds of obesity (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 4.48, 95% CI[confidence interval]: 2.44-8.32) and central obesity (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.19-4.66) compared to low serum Cu levels (tertile 1: ≤15.64 μmol/L). The dose-response curve showed a nonlinear association between Cu levels and obesity (P-nonlinear = 0.02) and a linear association with central obesity (P-nonlinear = 0.21). CONCLUSION This study suggests that higher serum Cu levels are associated with increased odds of obesity in healthy American adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Henan Key Laboratory of Cardiac Remodeling and Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changchang Fang
- Department of Endocrinology Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kaibo Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The People’s Hospital of Shangrao, Shangrao, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jitao Ling
- Department of Endocrinology Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wanying Fu
- Department of Endocrinology Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinrui Qi
- Department of Endocrinology Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Yan
- College of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Henan Key Laboratory of Cardiac Remodeling and Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Henan Key Laboratory of Cardiac Remodeling and Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Translation in Major Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Guglielmi V, Dalle Grave R, Leonetti F, Solini A. Female obesity: clinical and psychological assessment toward the best treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1349794. [PMID: 38765954 PMCID: PMC11099266 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1349794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a heterogeneous condition which results from complex interactions among sex/gender, sociocultural, environmental, and biological factors. Obesity is more prevalent in women in most developed countries, and several clinical and psychological obesity complications show sex-specific patterns. Females differ regarding fat distribution, with males tending to store more visceral fat, which is highly correlated to increased cardiovascular risk. Although women are more likely to be diagnosed with obesity and appear more motivated to lose weight, as confirmed by their greater representation in clinical trials, males show better outcomes in terms of body weight and intra-abdominal fat loss and improvements in the metabolic risk profile. However, only a few relatively recent studies have investigated gender differences in obesity, and sex/gender is rarely considered in the assessment and management of the disease. This review summarizes the evidence of gender differences in obesity prevalence, contributing factors, clinical complications, and psychological challenges. In addition, we explored gender differences in response to obesity treatments in the specific context of new anti-obesity drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Guglielmi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Obesity Center, Department of Systems Medicine, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Dalle Grave
- Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, VR, Italy
| | - Frida Leonetti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Solini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Du H, Han Y, Ma G, Tan C, Hu Q, Xiao H. Dietary intake of whole king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) attenuated obesity via ameliorating lipid metabolism and alleviating gut microbiota dysbiosis. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114228. [PMID: 38609215 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in employing whole food-based strategies to prevent chronic diseases, owing to the potential synergistic interactions among various bioactive components found within whole foods. The current research aimed to determine inhibitory effects of the whole edible mushroom Pleurotus eryngii (WPE) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. Our results showed that dietary intake of WPE significantly inhibited the abnormal gain of body weight and adipose tissue weight, improved glucose tolerance, and ameliorated the serum biochemical parameters in HFD-fed mice. The histological analysis illustrated that the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver induced by HFD was significantly reduced by WPE. Oral intake of WPE profoundly modulated the mRNA levels of hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism and also increased the level of short-chain fatty acids in the mouse cecum. Moreover, WPE alleviated the HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Sutteralla), and decreasing the harmful ones (rc4-4, Dorea, Coprococcus, Oscillospira, and Ruminococcus). These findings presented new evidence supporting that WPE could be used as a whole food-based strategy to protect against obesity and obesity-driven health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjun Du
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Gaoxing Ma
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chen Tan
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), School of Food and Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Baylie T, Ayelgn T, Tiruneh M, Tesfa KH. Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Obesity and Other Metabolic Disorders: Narrative Review. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1391-1401. [PMID: 38529169 PMCID: PMC10962461 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s447659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that increases the burden of different chronic diseases in the population. It has reached epidemic proportions and is a major risk factor for a variety of diseases, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis, and some malignancies. Weight gain is a result of excessive energy intake compared to energy expenditure (energy loss from metabolism and physical exercise). A ketogenic diet has a more useful effect on obesity than other diets. A ketogenic diet is a low-carbohydrate, high-fat, moderate-protein diet that induces the production of ketone bodies by mimicking the breakdown of a fasting state. The mechanism behind the ketogenic diet is still unknown, although it obviously helps people with obesity lose weight. Several pathways for the ketogenic diet effect on weight loss have been hypothesized by researchers, including reduced appetite due to effects on appetite control hormones and a possible direct appetite suppressant action of ketone bodies; reduced lipogenesis and increased lipolysis; greater metabolic efficiency; and increased metabolic costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Baylie
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Tiget Ayelgn
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Markeshaw Tiruneh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kibur Hunie Tesfa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Jantzen L, Dumontoy S, Ramadan B, Houdayer C, Haffen E, Hichami A, Khan NA, Van Waes V, Cabeza L. Dietary linoleic acid supplementation protects against obesity-induced microglial reactivity in mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6644. [PMID: 38503857 PMCID: PMC10951280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether linoleic acid (LA) supplementation could modulate emotional behavior and microglia-related neuroinflammation. For that, male mice of C57BL/6J genetic background fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a standard diet (STD) for 12 weeks, were treated with a vehicle or LA solution for 5 weeks before being evaluated for emotional behavior using a battery of behavioral tests. The animals were subsequently sacrificed and their brains collected and processed for immunofluorescence staining, targeting microglia-specific calcium-binding proteins (IBA-1). Neuroinflammation severity was assessed in multiple hypothalamic, cortical and subcortical brain regions. We show an anxio-depressive-like effect of sustained HFD feeding that was neither alleviated nor worsened with LA supplementation. However, increased IBA-1 expression and microgliosis in the HFD group were largely attenuated by LA supplementation. These observations demonstrate that the anti-neuroinflammatory properties of LA are not restricted to hypothalamic areas but are also evident at the cortical and subcortical levels. This study discloses that neuroinflammation plays a role in the genesis of neuropsychiatric disorders in the context of obesity, and that LA supplementation is a useful dietary strategy to alleviate the impact of obesity-related neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Jantzen
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR INSERM 1322 LINC, 19, Rue Ambroise Paré, 25000, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Stéphanie Dumontoy
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR INSERM 1322 LINC, 19, Rue Ambroise Paré, 25000, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Bahrie Ramadan
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR INSERM 1322 LINC, 19, Rue Ambroise Paré, 25000, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Houdayer
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR INSERM 1322 LINC, 19, Rue Ambroise Paré, 25000, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR INSERM 1322 LINC, service de psychiatrie de l'adulte, CIC-1431 INSERM, CHU de Besançon, 25030, Besançon, France
| | - Aziz Hichami
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie (NUTox), UMR UB/Institut Agro/INSERM U1231, Lipides, Nutrition & Cancer, LABEX-LipStick, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Naim Akhtar Khan
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie (NUTox), UMR UB/Institut Agro/INSERM U1231, Lipides, Nutrition & Cancer, LABEX-LipStick, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Vincent Van Waes
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR INSERM 1322 LINC, 19, Rue Ambroise Paré, 25000, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Lidia Cabeza
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR INSERM 1322 LINC, 19, Rue Ambroise Paré, 25000, Besançon Cedex, France.
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Zhang C, Fang T, Shi L, Wang Y, Deng X, Wang J, Zhou Y. The synbiotic combination of probiotics and inulin improves NAFLD though modulating gut microbiota. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 125:109546. [PMID: 38072206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
Prebiotics can promote the growth of probiotics, cocombine of these is called synbiotics, and synbiotics is powerful regulators of gut microbiota. Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), so synbiotics could be a therapeutic alternative. This study aims to investigate the effect of synbiotics combination of probiotics (Streptococcus Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus thermophilus) and prebiotics (Inulin) in vivo model of early NAFLD using yogurt as carrier. The results demonstrate that the yogurt with synbiotics combination group (HS) improves the biochemical indicators related to total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and insulin resistance (IR) in mice (P< .01). HS improves the development of lipid metabolism and inflammation by activating the AMPK and NFκB signaling pathway. In addition, HS restores the intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation caused by a high-fat diet. The 16S rRNA demonstrates that the gut microbiota composition of mice treated with HS is significantly altered specifically, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio is significantly lower than in HFD-fed mice (P< .01). Our findings suggest the applicability of HS in preventing obesity-related NAFLD via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and improved lipid metabolism by the gut-liver axis and provide a solid theoretical foundation for developing prebiotics for the prevention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianqi Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Linlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yidan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuming Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yonglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China; College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China..
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11
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Zhang C, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Liu R, Dong Y, Shi Z, Sun Y, Ge Z, Liang Y, Zhang J, Du Y, Qiu C. Association of Metabolic Syndrome with Macular Thickness and Volume in Older Adults: A Population-Based Optical Coherence Tomography Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024; 22:141-150. [PMID: 38237159 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: To explore the associations of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and individual components with macular thickness and volume among rural-dwelling Chinese older adults. Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 705 participants (age ≥60 years) derived from the MIND-China study. In 2018-2019, we collected data through face-to-face interview, clinical examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination, and blood test. We measured macular thickness and volume using spectral-domain OCT. MetS was defined following the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, the IDF/American Heart Association (AHA) criteria, the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, and the Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS) criteria. Data were analyzed with multivariable general linear models. Results: MetS was significantly associated with thinner macula in central (multivariable-adjusted β = -5.29; 95% confidence interval: -9.31 to -1.26), parafoveal (-2.85; -5.73 to 0.04) and perifoveal regions (-4.37; -6.79 to -1.95) when using the IDF criteria, in the perifoveal regions (-3.82; -6.18 to -1.47) when using the IDF/AHA criteria, and in the central region (-5.63; -10.25 to -1.02) when using the CDS criteria, and with reduced macular volume when using the IDF (-0.16; -0.26 to -0.07) and IDF/AHA (-0.13; -0.22 to -0.04) criteria. In the parafoveal region, the IDF-defined MetS was significantly associated with thinner retina in men (β = -6.25; -10.94 to -1.56) but not in women. Abdominal obesity (-2.83; -5.41 to -0.25) and elevated fasting blood glucose (-2.65; -5.08 to -0.21) were associated with thinner macular thickness in the perifoveal region. Conclusion: MetS is associated with macular thinning and reduced macular volume among rural-dwelling older adults, and the associations vary by the defining criteria of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhuoyu Shi
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhengwei Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yajun Liang
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Kim M, Kim J, Lee I. Mediating effect of lower extremity muscle on the relationship between obesity and osteoarthritis in middle-aged and elderly women in Korea: based on the 2009-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Epidemiol Health 2024; 46:e2024027. [PMID: 38317528 PMCID: PMC11099567 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2024027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether the lower extremity muscle mass index (LMI) mediates the relationship between general obesity, central obesity, and knee osteoarthritis in middle-aged and elderly women in Korea. METHODS Data of 2,843 women aged ≥50 years were collected from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2009 and 2011. General obesity and central obesity were evaluated based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), calculated through anthropometric measurements and body composition assessments. LMI was calculated by dividing the muscle mass in both legs-measured using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-by body weight. Knee osteoarthritis was defined as a Kellgren-Lawrence scale (KL) grade of ≥2 as assessed through radiographic images. RESULTS Knee osteoarthritis prevalence, indicated by KL grades, was significantly higher in the general obesity and central obesity groups compared to the normal group, and conversely, lower with varying LMI levels. Using mediation analysis with bootstrapping and adjusting for covariates, we found that LMI mediated the relationship between BMI and KL (β, 0.005; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.000 to 0.010) and WC and KL grade (β, 0.002; 95% CI, 0.001 to 0.003), explaining 4.8% and 6.7% of the total effects of BMI and WC on KL grade, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The study suggested that LMI partially mediates the link between general obesity and/or central obesity and knee osteoarthritis, proposing that a higher proportion of lower limb muscle mass relative to body weight can alleviate the increased risk of knee osteoarthritis caused by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Yongin University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Joonwoong Kim
- Department of Convergence, Seowon University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Inhwan Lee
- Department of Smart Healthcare, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
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13
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Chen P, Wang Y, Chen F, Zhou B. Epigenetics in obesity: Mechanisms and advances in therapies based on natural products. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1171. [PMID: 38293783 PMCID: PMC10828914 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality because it has a close relationship to metabolic illnesses, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and some types of cancer. With no drugs available, the mainstay of obesity management remains lifestyle changes with exercise and dietary modifications. In light of the tremendous disease burden and unmet therapeutics, fresh perspectives on pathophysiology and drug discovery are needed. The development of epigenetics provides a compelling justification for how environmental, lifestyle, and other risk factors contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity. Furthermore, epigenetic dysregulations can be restored, and it has been reported that certain natural products obtained from plants, such as tea polyphenols, ellagic acid, urolithins, curcumin, genistein, isothiocyanates, and citrus isoflavonoids, were shown to inhibit weight gain. These substances have great antioxidant potential and are of great interest because they can also modify epigenetic mechanisms. Therefore, understanding epigenetic modifications to target the primary cause of obesity and the epigenetic mechanisms of anti-obesity effects with certain phytochemicals can prove rational strategies to prevent the disease and develop novel therapeutic interventions. Thus, the current review aimed to summarize the epigenetic mechanisms and advances in therapies for obesity based on natural products to provide evidence for the development of several potential anti-obesity drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of PharmacyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiP.R. China
| | - Yulai Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huangshi Central HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic UniversityHuangshiHubeiP.R. China
| | - Fuchao Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanHubeiP.R. China
| | - Benhong Zhou
- Department of PharmacyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiP.R. China
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14
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Zhi N, Chang X, Wang X, Guo J, Chen J, Gui S. Recent advances in the extraction, purification, structural-property correlations, and antiobesity mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine-derived polysaccharides: a review. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1341583. [PMID: 38299183 PMCID: PMC10828026 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1341583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has displayed preventive and therapeutic effects on many complex diseases. As natural biological macromolecules, TCM-derived antiobesogenic polysaccharides (TCMPOs) exhibit notable weight-loss effects and are seen to be a viable tactic in the fight against obesity. Current studies demonstrate that the antiobesity activity of TCMPOs is closely related to their structural characteristics, which could be affected by the extraction and purification methods. Therefore, the extraction, purification and structural-property correlations of TCMPOs were discussed. Investigation of the antiobesity mechanism of TCMPOs is also essential for their improved application. Herein, the possible antiobesity mechanisms of TCMPOs are systematically summarized: (1) modulation of appetite and satiety effects, (2) suppression of fat absorption and synthesis, (3) alteration of the gut microbiota and their metabolites, and (4) protection of intestinal barriers. This collated information could provide some insights and offer a new therapeutic approach for the management and prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhi
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangwei Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, China
| | - Juan Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, China
| | - Shuangying Gui
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China
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15
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Zhang Y, Guo Z, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Jing L. Is dancing an effective intervention for fat loss? A systematic review and meta-analysis of dance interventions on body composition. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296089. [PMID: 38232096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The systematic review aimed to review the research on the effects of dance interventions, relative to normal lifestyles, on body composition in people with overweight and obesity. METHODS 7 databases were searched from their inception to 3 July 2023 for studies with dance interventions and normal lifestyles groups. Only studies investigating dance interventions in people with overweight and obesity(body mass index (BMI)>24kg/m2 and percent fat mass (Fat(%)) abnormal(male>20%, female>25%)) were included in the meta-analysis. There were no restrictions on dance forms. RESULTS 654 studies were identified from the databases, and 10 studies were evaluated to be eligible. The meta-analysis revealed that compared to normal lifestyles dance had meaningful improvements in body mass(BM), BMI, waist circumference(WC), Fat(%), and fat mass(Fat(kg)). No significant differences were found in the waist-to-hip ratio(WHR). CONCLUSIONS Dance is effective on fat loss in people with overweight and obesity, and has a significant improvement on body composition and morphology. For its high efficiency and greater sense of enjoyment, dance can be a beneficial exercise intervention for fat loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Zhicheng Guo
- Clinical Research Innovation and transformation Center, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Physical Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yongxu Zhou
- School of Physical Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Longjun Jing
- School of Physical Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
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16
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da Silva AA, Rocha-Gomes A, Reis ÍG, de Pinho Tavares Leal PE, Lessa MR, Pinto NAVD, Riul TR, Villela DC. Supplementation with Jatobá-do-cerrado flour (Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart.) decreases hypothalamic inflammation and improves obesity parameters in rats on a high-fat diet. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 385:578237. [PMID: 37931532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of jatobá-do-cerrado flour on nutritional, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers, an study was conducted using male Wistar rats. These animals were allocated into four groups: a standard diet (Control), a high-fat diet (HFD), a diet with jatobá-do-cerrado flour (JCF), and a combination of high-fat diet and jatobá-do-cerrado flour (HFD + JCF). Comprehensive evaluations included food intake, cytokine concentrations, and redox status indicators. HFD group exhibited increased caloric intake and fat mass, elevated circulating IL-6, and heightened lipid peroxidation markers. This group also showed increased hypothalamic concentrations of IL-6, TNFα, and lipid peroxidation. In contrast, the HFD + JCF group showed reduced caloric intake, fat mass, and improvements in redox balance and inflammatory markers both in the blood and hypothalamus. SUMMARY: In the current study, we evaluated the potential of Jatobá-do-cerrado flour in mitigating the effects of a high-fat diet in adult Wistar rats. The addition of fat to the animals' diet for 63 days induced obesity, dyslipidemia, as well as an increase in inflammatory and lipid peroxidation markers, both in the blood and hypothalamus. Conversely, supplementation with Jatobá-do-Cerrado flour showed anti-obesogenic effects and these may be associated with the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, supplementation with this flour has the potential to be a functional food for the treatment or prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Alves da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Arthur Rocha-Gomes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Gomes Reis
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ernesto de Pinho Tavares Leal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Mayara Rodrigues Lessa
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Tecnologia e Biomassas do Cerrado - Departamento de Nutrição - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - Diamantina-MG - Brazil
| | - Nisia Andrade Villela Dessimoni Pinto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Tecnologia e Biomassas do Cerrado - Departamento de Nutrição - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - Diamantina-MG - Brazil
| | - Tania Regina Riul
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel Campos Villela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
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Moszak M, Pelczyńska M, Wesołek A, Stenclik D, Bogdański P. Does gut microbiota affect the success of weight loss? Evidence and speculation. Nutrition 2023; 116:112111. [PMID: 37562188 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic state of excessive fat accumulation in the body, characterized by significant relapse and complicated by a range of health consequences. In the treatment of obesity, a holistic approach including diet, physical activity, pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery, and psychological support is recommended. The implications of gut microbiota (GM) as a pathogenic factor in excess body weight have been discussed, and microbial-targeted therapies-including probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics-are considered adjuvant in obesity management. Many studies have focused on assessing the effectiveness of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics in weight control, although with inconclusive results, mainly because of the significant heterogeneity of the studies (with different strains, doses, forms, interventional durations, and outcomes). It is also unclear whether using probiotics or synbiotics accompanied by weight loss dietary interventions or as a part of bariatric surgery will be more effective in obesity management, not only in the short-term but also for long-term weight loss maintenance. The aim of this study was to collect and compare the available scientific data on the effectiveness of probiotic or synbiotic supplementation (as a single therapy versus as part of dietary interventions, pharmacotherapy, or bariatric therapy) on weight control in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Moszak
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marta Pelczyńska
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wesołek
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominika Stenclik
- Student Scientific Club of Clinical Dietetics, Department of the Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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van der Meer R, Mohamed SA, Monpellier VM, Liem RSL, Hazebroek EJ, Franks PW, Frayling TM, Janssen IMC, Serlie MJ. Genetic variants associated with weight loss and metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13626. [PMID: 37632325 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which genetic variations contribute to interindividual differences in weight loss and metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery is unknown. Identifying genetic variants that impact surgery outcomes may contribute to clinical decision making. This review evaluates current evidence addressing the association of genetic variants with weight loss and changes in metabolic parameters after bariatric surgery. A search was conducted using Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Fifty-two eligible studies were identified. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at ADIPOQ (rs226729, rs1501299, rs3774261, and rs17300539) showed a positive association with postoperative change in measures of glucose homeostasis and lipid profiles (n = 4), but not with weight loss after surgery (n = 6). SNPs at FTO (rs11075986, rs16952482, rs8050136, rs9939609, rs9930506, and rs16945088) (n = 10) and MC4R (rs11152213, rs476828, rs2229616, rs9947255, rs17773430, rs5282087, and rs17782313) (n = 9) were inconsistently associated with weight loss and metabolic improvement. Four studies examining the UCP2 SNP rs660339 reported associations with postsurgical weight loss. In summary, there is limited evidence supporting a role for specific genetic variants in surgical outcomes after bariatric surgery. Most studies have adopted a candidate gene approach, limiting the scope for discovery, suggesting that the absence of compelling evidence is not evidence of absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieneke van der Meer
- Nederlandse Obesitas Kliniek, Huis ter Heide, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Siham A Mohamed
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Ronald S L Liem
- Department of Surgery, Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda, The Netherlands
- Nederlandse Obesitas Kliniek, The Hague and Gouda, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Hazebroek
- Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital/Vitalys Clinics, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Paul W Franks
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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19
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Abstract
Importance Obesity affects approximately 42% of US adults and is associated with increased rates of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, sleep disorders, osteoarthritis, and premature death. Observations A body mass index (BMI) of 25 or greater is commonly used to define overweight, and a BMI of 30 or greater to define obesity, with lower thresholds for Asian populations (BMI ≥25-27.5), although use of BMI alone is not recommended to determine individual risk. Individuals with obesity have higher rates of incident cardiovascular disease. In men with a BMI of 30 to 39, cardiovascular event rates are 20.21 per 1000 person-years compared with 13.72 per 1000 person-years in men with a normal BMI. In women with a BMI of 30 to 39.9, cardiovascular event rates are 9.97 per 1000 person-years compared with 6.37 per 1000 person-years in women with a normal BMI. Among people with obesity, 5% to 10% weight loss improves systolic blood pressure by about 3 mm Hg for those with hypertension, and may decrease hemoglobin A1c by 0.6% to 1% for those with type 2 diabetes. Evidence-based obesity treatment includes interventions addressing 5 major categories: behavioral interventions, nutrition, physical activity, pharmacotherapy, and metabolic/bariatric procedures. Comprehensive obesity care plans combine appropriate interventions for individual patients. Multicomponent behavioral interventions, ideally consisting of at least 14 sessions in 6 months to promote lifestyle changes, including components such as weight self-monitoring, dietary and physical activity counseling, and problem solving, often produce 5% to 10% weight loss, although weight regain occurs in 25% or more of participants at 2-year follow-up. Effective nutritional approaches focus on reducing total caloric intake and dietary strategies based on patient preferences. Physical activity without calorie reduction typically causes less weight loss (2-3 kg) but is important for weight-loss maintenance. Commonly prescribed medications such as antidepressants (eg, mirtazapine, amitriptyline) and antihyperglycemics such as glyburide or insulin cause weight gain, and clinicians should review and consider alternatives. Antiobesity medications are recommended for nonpregnant patients with obesity or overweight and weight-related comorbidities in conjunction with lifestyle modifications. Six medications are currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for long-term use: glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 (GLP-1) agonists (semaglutide and liraglutide only), tirzepatide (a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/GLP-1 agonist), phentermine-topiramate, naltrexone-bupropion, and orlistat. Of these, tirzepatide has the greatest effect, with mean weight loss of 21% at 72 weeks. Endoscopic procedures (ie, intragastric balloon and endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty) can attain 10% to 13% weight loss at 6 months. Weight loss from metabolic and bariatric surgeries (ie, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) ranges from 25% to 30% at 12 months. Maintaining long-term weight loss is difficult, and clinical guidelines support the use of long-term antiobesity medications when weight maintenance is inadequate with lifestyle interventions alone. Conclusion and Relevance Obesity affects approximately 42% of adults in the US. Behavioral interventions can attain approximately 5% to 10% weight loss, GLP-1 agonists and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/GLP-1 receptor agonists can attain approximately 8% to 21% weight loss, and bariatric surgery can attain approximately 25% to 30% weight loss. Comprehensive, evidence-based obesity treatment combines behavioral interventions, nutrition, physical activity, pharmacotherapy, and metabolic/bariatric procedures as appropriate for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Elmaleh-Sachs
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovation, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Family Health Centers at NYU Langone, New York, New York
| | - Jessica L Schwartz
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carolyn T Bramante
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis
| | - Jacinda M Nicklas
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Kimberly A Gudzune
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Melanie Jay
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovation, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- New York Harbor Veteran Affairs, New York, New York
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20
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Benavides-Aguilar JA, Torres-Copado A, Isidoro-Sánchez J, Pathak S, Duttaroy AK, Banerjee A, Paul S. The Regulatory Role of MicroRNAs in Obesity and Obesity-Derived Ailments. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2070. [PMID: 38003013 PMCID: PMC10671661 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a condition that is characterized by the presence of excessive adipose tissue in the body. Obesity has become one of the main health concerns worldwide since it can lead to other chronic ailments, such as type 2 diabetes or fatty liver disease, and it could be an aggravating factor in infections. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression and can play an important role in controlling crucial biological processes involved in the onset of obesity, such as lipogenesis, adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, or the regulation of cytokines and chemokines. Moreover, chemical compounds present in food or food packaging can alter miRNA expression and regulate the aforementioned biological mechanisms related to diabetes onset and progression. Furthermore, therapies, such as bariatric surgery and aerobic exercise training, can also influence the expression profile of miRNAs in obesity. Therefore, the present review provides insight into the current research on the role of miRNAs in obesity and obesity-derived ailments, intending to develop novel therapies to effectively manage these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Benavides-Aguilar
- Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- NatProLab-Plant Innovation Lab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Andrea Torres-Copado
- NatProLab-Plant Innovation Lab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - José Isidoro-Sánchez
- NatProLab-Plant Innovation Lab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chennai 603103, India
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chennai 603103, India
| | - Sujay Paul
- NatProLab-Plant Innovation Lab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
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21
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Mannino A, Sarapis K, Mourouti N, Karaglani E, Anastasiou CA, Manios Y, Moschonis G. The Association of Maternal Weight Status throughout the Life-Course with the Development of Childhood Obesity: A Secondary Analysis of the Healthy Growth Study Data. Nutrients 2023; 15:4602. [PMID: 37960255 PMCID: PMC10649313 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal weight-status at various time-points may influence child obesity development, however the most critical time-point remains unidentified. We used data from the Healthy Growth Study, a cross-sectional study of 2666 Greek schoolchildren aged 9-13 years, exploring associations between childhood obesity and maternal weight-status at pre-pregnancy, during pregnancy/gestational weight gain, and at the child's pre-adolescence. Logistic regression analyses examined associations between maternal weight-status being "below" or "above" the recommended cut-off points (WHO BMI thresholds or IOM cut-off points), at the three time-points, individually or combined into weight-status trajectory groups to determine the strongest associations with child obesity in pre-adolescence. Adjusted models found significant associations and the highest odds ratios [95% Confidence Intervals] for mothers affected by obesity before pregnancy (4.16 [2.47, 7.02]), those with excessive gestational weight gain during pregnancy (1.50 [1.08, 2.08]), and those affected by obesity at their child's pre-adolescence (3.3 [2.29, 4.87]). When combining these weight-status groups, mothers who were above-above-below (3.24 [1.10, 9.55]), and above-above-above (3.07 [1.95, 4.85]) the healthy weight recommendation-based thresholds in each time-point, had a three-fold higher likelihood of child obesity, compared to the below-below-below trajectory group. Maternal obesity across all examined time-points was significantly associated with childhood obesity. Effective childhood obesity preventive initiatives should commence at pre-conception, targeting maternal weight throughout the life-course and childhood developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mannino
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Katerina Sarapis
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Niki Mourouti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (E.K.); (C.A.A.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 72300 Sitia, Greece
| | - Eva Karaglani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (E.K.); (C.A.A.); (Y.M.)
| | - Costas A. Anastasiou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (E.K.); (C.A.A.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (E.K.); (C.A.A.); (Y.M.)
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Moschonis
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.M.); (K.S.)
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22
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Qin S, Chen J, Zhong K, Li D, Peng C. Could Cyclosiversioside F Serve as a Dietary Supplement to Prevent Obesity and Relevant Disorders? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13762. [PMID: 37762063 PMCID: PMC10531328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the basis of numerous metabolic diseases and has become a major public health issue due to its rapidly increasing prevalence. Nevertheless, current obesity therapeutic strategies are not sufficiently effective, so there is an urgent need to develop novel anti-obesity agents. Naturally occurring saponins with outstanding bio-activities have been considered promising drug leads and templates for human diseases. Cyclosiversioside F (CSF) is a paramount multi-functional saponin separated from the roots of the food-medicinal herb Astragali Radix, which possesses a broad spectrum of bioactivities, including lowering blood lipid and glucose, alleviating insulin resistance, relieving adipocytes inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. Recently, the therapeutic potential of CSF in obesity and relevant disorders has been gradually explored and has become a hot research topic. This review highlights the role of CSF in treating obesity and obesity-induced complications, such as diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Remarkably, the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with CSF in disease therapy have been partially elucidated, especially PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, MAPK, apoptotic pathway, TGF-β, NLRP3, Nrf-2, and AMPK, with the aim of promoting the development of CSF as a functional food and providing references for its clinical application in obesity-related disorders therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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23
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Zavros A, Andreou E, Aphamis G, Bogdanis GC, Sakkas GK, Roupa Z, Giannaki CD. The Effects of Zinc and Selenium Co-Supplementation on Resting Metabolic Rate, Thyroid Function, Physical Fitness, and Functional Capacity in Overweight and Obese People under a Hypocaloric Diet: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:3133. [PMID: 37513551 PMCID: PMC10386647 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence of the effectiveness of zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) on resting metabolic rate (RMR) and physical function parameters in people with overweight and obesity is scarce, while the effects of zinc and selenium on thyroid function and body composition are still a topic of debate and controversy. The aim of this randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial was to examine the effects of a hypocaloric diet and Se-Zn co-supplementation on RMR, thyroid function, body composition, physical fitness, and functional capacity in overweight or obese individuals. Twenty-eight overweight-obese participants (mean BMI: 29.4 ± 4.7) were randomly allocated (1:1) to the supplementation group (n = 14, 31.1 ± 5.5 yrs, 9 females) and the placebo group (n = 14, 32.1 ± 4.8 yrs, 6 females). The participants received Zn (25 mg of zinc gluconate/day) and Se (200 mcg of L-selenomethionine/day) or placebo tablets containing starch for eight weeks. The participants of both groups followed a hypocaloric diet during the intervention. RMR, thyroid function, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), and functional capacity (sit-to-stand tests, timed up-and-go test, and handgrip strength) were assessed before and after the intervention. A significant interaction was found between supplementation and time on RMR (p = 0.045), with the intervention group's RMR increasing from 1923 ± 440 to 2364 ± 410 kcal/day. On the other hand, no interaction between supplementation and time on the thyroid function was found (p > 0.05). Regarding the effects of Zn/Se co-administration on Se levels, a significant interaction between supplementation and time on Se levels was detected (p = 0.004). Specifically, the intervention group's Se serum levels were increased from 83.04 ± 13.59 to 119.40 ± 23.93 μg/L. However, Zn serum levels did not change over time (90.61 ± 23.23 to 89.58 ± 10.61 umol/L). Even though all body composition outcomes improved in the intervention group more than placebo at the second measurement, no supplement × time interaction was detected on body composition (p > 0.05). Cardiorespiratory fitness did not change over the intervention. Yet, a main effect of time was found for some functional capacity tests, with both groups improving similarly over the eight-week intervention period (p < 0.05). In contrast, a supplement x group interaction was found in the performance of the timed up-and-go test (TUG) (p = 0.010), with the supplementation group improving more. In conclusion, an eight-week intervention with Zn/Se co-supplementation combined with a hypocaloric diet increased the RMR, TUG performance, and Se levels in overweight and obese people. However, thyroid function, Zn levels, body composition, and the remaining outcomes of exercise performance remained unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Zavros
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
- Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Andreou
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
- Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
| | - George Aphamis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
- Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
| | - Gregory C Bogdanis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
| | - Giorgos K Sakkas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Zoe Roupa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
| | - Christoforos D Giannaki
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
- Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
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24
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Abstract
Obesity, which has currently reached pandemic dimensions, is usually accompanied by diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). These two conditions share common pathophysiological mechanisms. Adipose tissue secretes cytokines which are involved in inflammation and various endocrine functions. As for T2DM, it is characterized also by inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hyperinsulinemia. These conditions occur also in other diseases related to obesity and T2DM, like cardiovascular disease (CVD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thus, management of obesity-related complications with lifestyle modification, anti-obesity drugs, and bariatric surgery, all contribute to improvement in any of these conditions. This review provides an overview of the literature addressing the association between obesity and T2DM, briefly discussing the pathophysiological mechanisms linking these conditions and outlining the management approach at the overlap of obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Boutari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antea DeMarsilis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
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25
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Duarte GCK, Pellenz F, Crispim D, Assmann TS. Integrated bioinformatics approach reveals methylation-regulated differentially expressed genes in obesity. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2023; 67:e000604. [PMID: 37252693 PMCID: PMC10665070 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective To identify DNA methylation and gene expression profiles involved in obesity by implementing an integrated bioinformatics approach. Materials and methods Gene expression (GSE94752, GSE55200, and GSE48964) and DNA methylation (GSE67024 and GSE111632) datasets were obtained from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in subcutaneous adipose tissue of patients with obesity were identified using GEO2R. Methylation-regulated DEGs (MeDEGs) were identified by overlapping DEGs and DMGs. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with the STRING database and analyzed using Cytoscape. Functional modules and hub-bottleneck genes were identified by using MCODE and CytoHubba plugins. Functional enrichment analyses were performed based on Gene Ontology terms and KEGG pathways. To prioritize and identify candidate genes for obesity, MeDEGs were compared with obesity-related genes available at the DisGeNET database. Results A total of 54 MeDEGs were identified after overlapping the lists of significant 274 DEGs and 11,556 DMGs. Of these, 25 were hypermethylated-low expression genes and 29 were hypomethylated-high expression genes. The PPI network showed three hub-bottleneck genes (PTGS2, TNFAIP3, and FBXL20) and one functional module. The 54 MeDEGs were mainly involved in the regulation of fibroblast growth factor production, the molecular function of arachidonic acid, and ubiquitin-protein transferase activity. Data collected from DisGeNET showed that 11 of the 54 MeDEGs were involved in obesity. Conclusion This study identifies new MeDEGs involved in obesity and assessed their related pathways and functions. These results data may provide a deeper understanding of methylation-mediated regulatory mechanisms of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Coutinho Kullmann Duarte
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Felipe Pellenz
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil,
| | - Tais Silveira Assmann
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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26
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The effects of Nigella sativa on anthropometric indices: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of controlled trials. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
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27
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Fortes JS, Pinto RM, de Souza RF, Godoy FR, da Cruz RS, de M e Silva D, Filho HPL, da Cruz AD, Minasi LB. The influence of six polymorphisms of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) gene and childhood obesity: a case-control study. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:87. [PMID: 36810017 PMCID: PMC9942342 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-03905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is defined as a multifactorial disease, marked by excessive accumulation of body fat, responsible for compromising the individual's health over the years. The energy balance is essential for the proper functioning of the body, as the individual needs to earn and spend energy in a compensatory way. Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins (UCP) help in energy expenditure through heat release and genetic polymorphisms could be responsible for reducing energy consumption to release heat and consequently generate an excessive accumulation of fat in the body. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential association between six UCP3 polymorphisms, that have not yet been represented in ClinVar®, and pediatric obesity susceptibility. METHODS A case-control study was conducted with 225 children from Central Brazil. The groups were subdivided into obese (123) and eutrophic (102) individuals. The polymorphisms rs15763, rs1685354, rs1800849, rs11235972, rs647126, and rs3781907 were determined by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). RESULTS Biochemical and anthropometric evaluation of obese group showed higher levels of triglycerides, insulin resistance, and LDL-C and low level of HDL-C. Insulin resistance, age, sex, HDL-C, fasting glucose, triglyceride levels, and parents' BMI explained up to 50% of body mass deposition in the studied population. Additionally, obese mothers contribute 2 × more to the Z-BMI of their children than the fathers. The SNP rs647126 contributed to 20% to the risk of obesity in children and the SNP rs3781907 contribute to 10%. Mutant alleles of UCP3 increase the risk for triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HDL-C levels. The polymorphism rs3781907 is the only one that could not be a biomarker for obesity as the risk allele seem to be protective gains the increase in Z-BMI in our pediatric population. Haplotype analysis demonstrated two SNP blocks (rs15763, rs647126, and rs1685534) and (rs11235972 and rs1800849) that showed linkage disequilibrium, with LOD 76.3% and D' = 0.96 and LOD 57.4% and D' = 0.97, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The causality between UCP3 polymorphism and obesity were not detected. On the other hand, the studied polymorphism contributes to Z-BMI, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HDL-C levels. Haplotypes are concordant with the obese phenotype and contribute minimally to the risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakeline S. Fortes
- Replicon Research Group, Genetics Graduate Program, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Rua 235, N. 40, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO 74605-050 Brazil
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO 74690-900 Brazil
| | - Renata M. Pinto
- Pediatrics Department, Federal University of Goiás, Câmpus Colemar Natal E Silva (Câmpus I), Rua 235, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO Brazil
| | - Raissa F. de Souza
- Replicon Research Group, Genetics Graduate Program, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Rua 235, N. 40, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO 74605-050 Brazil
| | - Fernanda R. Godoy
- Replicon Research Group, Genetics Graduate Program, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Rua 235, N. 40, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO 74605-050 Brazil
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO 74690-900 Brazil
| | - Raphael S. da Cruz
- Replicon Research Group, Genetics Graduate Program, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Rua 235, N. 40, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO 74605-050 Brazil
- Physiotherapy Undergraduate Course, Centro Universitário de Goiânia – UNICEUG, Goiânia, GO Brazil
| | - Daniela de M e Silva
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO 74690-900 Brazil
| | | | - Aparecido D. da Cruz
- Replicon Research Group, Genetics Graduate Program, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Rua 235, N. 40, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO 74605-050 Brazil
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO 74690-900 Brazil
- Human Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Laboratory/CRER, State Health Secretary of Goiás, Goiânia, GO Brazil
| | - Lysa B. Minasi
- Replicon Research Group, Genetics Graduate Program, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Rua 235, N. 40, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO 74605-050 Brazil
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28
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Peng K, Dong W, Luo T, Tang H, Zhu W, Huang Y, Yang X. Butyrate and obesity: Current research status and future prospect. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1098881. [PMID: 36909336 PMCID: PMC9999029 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1098881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, increasing prevalence of obesity caused an enormous medical, social, and economic burden. As the sixth most important risk factor contributing to the overall burden of disease worldwide, obesity not only directly harms the human body, but also leads to many chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and mental illness. Weight loss is still one of the most effective strategies against obesity and related disorders. Recently, the link between intestinal microflora and metabolic health has been constantly established. Butyrate, a four-carbon short-chain fatty acid, is a major metabolite of the gut microbiota that has many beneficial effects on metabolic health. The anti-obesity activity of butyrate has been demonstrated, but its mechanisms of action have not been fully described. This review summarizes current knowledge of butyrate, including its production, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and the effect and mechanisms involved in weight loss and obesity-related diseases. The aim was to contribute to and advance our understanding of butyrate and its role in obesity. Further exploration of butyrate and its pathway may help to identify new anti-obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Taimin Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Seventh People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wanlong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yilan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yilan Huang, ; Xuping Yang,
| | - Xuping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yilan Huang, ; Xuping Yang,
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Murakami S, Hirazawa C, Mizutani T, Yoshikawa R, Ohya T, Ma N, Owaki Y, Owaki T, Ito T, Matsuzaki C. The anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of the edible seaweed Gloiopeltis furcata (Postels et Ruprecht) J. Agardh in mice fed a high-fat diet. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:599-610. [PMID: 36655073 PMCID: PMC9834850 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are serious, chronic medical conditions associated with a wide range of life-threatening conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the edible red seaweed Gloiopeltis furcata (Postels et Ruprecht) J. Agardh (G. furcata) on the development of obesity, diabetes and related metabolic diseases in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet (60% energy as fat), or an HF diet containing 2% (w/w) or 6% powdered G. furcata for 13 weeks. Polysaccharides of G. furcata were isolated and their anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The HF diet group showed greater weight gain, lipid accumulation in the body and liver, and increased serum levels of glucose and cholesterol in comparison to the normal group fed a normal diet (10% energy as fat). The treatment of HF diet mice with G. furcata reduced these changes and stimulated the fecal excretion of fat. In addition, G. furcata suppressed the HF diet-induced elevation of inflammation and oxidative stress markers in the serum and liver. The isolated sulfated polysaccharide from G. furcata inhibited pancreatic lipase activity and decreased the production of nitric oxide and TNF-α in the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. These results show that G. furcata treatment can attenuate obesity, diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and dyslipidemia in mice fed an HF diet, which is associated with inhibited intestinal fat absorption and reduced inflammation and oxidative stress by a sulfated polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Murakami
- Department of Bioscience and BiotechnologyFukui Prefectural UniversityFukuiJapan
- Fukui Bioincubation Center (FBIC)Fukui Prefectural UniversityFukuiJapan
| | - Chihiro Hirazawa
- Department of Bioscience and BiotechnologyFukui Prefectural UniversityFukuiJapan
| | - Toshiki Mizutani
- Department of Bioscience and BiotechnologyFukui Prefectural UniversityFukuiJapan
| | - Rina Yoshikawa
- Department of Bioscience and BiotechnologyFukui Prefectural UniversityFukuiJapan
| | - Takuma Ohya
- Department of Bioscience and BiotechnologyFukui Prefectural UniversityFukuiJapan
| | - Ning Ma
- Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Health ScienceSuzuka UniversitySuzukaJapan
| | | | | | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Bioscience and BiotechnologyFukui Prefectural UniversityFukuiJapan
- Fukui Bioincubation Center (FBIC)Fukui Prefectural UniversityFukuiJapan
| | - Chiaki Matsuzaki
- Research Institute for Bioresources and BiotechnologyIshikawa Prefectural UniversityNonoichiJapan
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Tang Q, Liu Q, Li J, Yan J, Jing X, Zhang J, Xia Y, Xu Y, Li Y, He J. MANF in POMC Neurons Promotes Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis and Protects Against Diet-Induced Obesity. Diabetes 2022; 71:2344-2359. [PMID: 35972224 PMCID: PMC9630086 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an emerging regulator in metabolic control. Hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons play critical roles in maintaining whole-body energy homeostasis. Whether MANF in POMC neurons is required for the proper regulation of energy balance remains unknown. Here, we showed that mice lacking MANF in POMC neurons were more prone to develop diet-induced obesity. In addition, the ablation of MANF induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and leptin resistance in the hypothalamus, reduced POMC expression and posttranslational processing, and ultimately decreased sympathetic nerve activity and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Conversely, MANF overexpression in hypothalamic POMC neurons attenuated ER stress, increased POMC expression and processing, and then stimulated sympathetic innervation and activity in BAT, resulting in increased BAT thermogenesis, thus protecting mice against dietary obesity. Overall, our findings provide evidence that MANF is required for POMC neurons to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiamin Yan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiandan Jing
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhang Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Corresponding author: Jinhan He,
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Yao J, Yan X, Xiao X, You X, Li Y, Yang Y, Zhang W, Li Y. Electroacupuncture induces weight loss by regulating tuberous sclerosis complex 1-mammalian target of rapamycin methylation and hypothalamic autophagy in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1015784. [PMID: 36313328 PMCID: PMC9596966 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity can be caused by abnormalities of hypothalamic autophagy, which is closely regulated by the epigenetic modification of TSC1-mTOR. However, whether the weight-reducing effect of EA may relate to the modification of TSC1-mTOR methylation and hypothalamic autophagy remain unclear. This study was conducted to reveal the possible mechanism by which EA reduces BW by measuring the levels of TSC1-mTOR methylation and hypothalamic autophagy-related components.Methods: The weight-reducing effect of EA was investigated in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese (DIO) rats by monitoring the BW, food consumption, and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT)/BW ratio. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed for morphological evaluation of eWAT. Immunofluorescence was utilized to observe the localization of LC3 in the hypothalamus. The expressions of autophagy components (Beclin-1, LC3, and p62) and mTOR signaling (mTOR, p-mTOR, p70S6K, and p-p70S6K) were assessed by western blot. The methylation rate of the TSC1 promoter was detected by bisulfite genomic sequencing.Results: Treatment with EA significantly reduced the BW, food consumption, and eWAT/BW ratio; attenuated the morphological alternations in the adipocytes of DIO rats. While HFD downregulated the expression levels of Beclin-1 and LC3 and upregulated those of p62, these changes were normalized by EA treatment. EA markedly decreased the methylation rate of the TSC1 gene promoter and suppressed the protein expressions of mTOR, p-mTOR, p70S6K, and p-p70S6K in the hypothalamus.Conclusion: EA could reduce BW and fat accumulation in DIO rats. This ameliorative effect of EA may be associated with its demethylation effect on TSC1-mTOR and regulation of autophagy in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Yao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangyun Yan
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianjun Xiao
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi You
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Academic Affairs Office, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Li,
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Ribeiro MC, Silva AD, Giordani MA, Lira C, Luvizotto RDAM, Nascimento AF, Queiroz DD, Dekker RFH, Barbosa‐Dekker AM, de Queiroz EAI. Extended treatment with (1→3)(1→6)‐β‐
d
‐glucan (Botryosphaeran) reduces obesity and its comorbidities in high‐fat/high‐sugar diet‐fed rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:773-783. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Costa Ribeiro
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Sinop Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - Amadeu Zattoni da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Sinop Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - Morenna Alana Giordani
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Sinop Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - Cleberson Lira
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Sinop Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - Renata de A. M. Luvizotto
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Sinop Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - André F. Nascimento
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Sinop Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - Diogo Albino de Queiroz
- Gerência de Administração e Planejamento, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Sinop Mato Grosso Brazil
- Escola Técnica Estadual de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica Unidade de Sinop Sinop Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - Robert F. H. Dekker
- Beta‐Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos EIRELI, Lote 24A, Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Câmpus Londrina Londrina Paraná Brazil
| | - Aneli M. Barbosa‐Dekker
- Beta‐Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos EIRELI, Lote 24A, Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Câmpus Londrina Londrina Paraná Brazil
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Liang J, Chen W, Zong K, Xu R, Liu Y, Yu N, Xie S, Zhou A. Study on the interventional effects of Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharides on high-fat-diet-induced obese model mice through serum and liver metabolomics. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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de Vasconcelos MHA, Tavares RL, Torres Junior EU, Dorand VAM, Batista KS, Toscano LT, Silva AS, de Magalhães Cordeiro AMT, de Albuquerque Meireles BRL, da Silva Araujo R, Alves AF, de Souza Aquino J. Extra virgin coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.) exerts anti-obesity effect by modulating adiposity and improves hepatic lipid metabolism, leptin and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese rats. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Vitamin D and Risk of Obesity-Related Cancers: Results from the SUN (‘Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra’) Project. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132561. [PMID: 35807746 PMCID: PMC9268452 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a higher risk of several types of cancer, grouped as obesity-related cancers (ORC). Vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent in obese subjects, and it has been suggested to play a role in the association between obesity and cancer risk. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between vitamin D intake and the subsequent risk of ORC in a prospective Spanish cohort of university graduates. The SUN Project, initiated in 1999, is a prospective dynamic multipurpose cohort. Participants answered a 556-item lifestyle baseline questionnaire that included a validated food-frequency questionnaire. We performed Cox regression models to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of ORC according to quartiles of energy-adjusted vitamin D intake (diet and supplements). We included 18,017 participants (mean age = 38 years, SD = 12 years), with a median follow-up of 12 years. Among 206,783 person-years of follow-up, we identified 225 cases of ORC. We found no significant associations between vitamin D intake and ORC risk after adjusting for potential confounders: HRQ2vsQ1 = 1.19 (95% CI 0.81–1.75), HRQ3vsQ1 = 1.20 (95% CI 0.81–1.78), and HRQ4vsQ1 = 1.02 (95% CI 0.69–1.51). Dietary and supplemented vitamin D do not seem to be associated with ORC prevention in the middle-aged Spanish population.
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Piper NBC, Whitfield EA, Stewart GD, Xu X, Furness SGB. Targeting appetite and satiety in diabetes and obesity, via G protein-coupled receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115115. [PMID: 35671790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and obesity have reached pandemic proportions throughout the world, so much so that the World Health Organisation coined the term "Globesity" to help encapsulate the magnitude of the problem. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are highly tractable drug targets due to their wide involvement in all aspects of physiology and pathophysiology, indeed, GPCRs are the targets of approximately 30% of the currently approved drugs. GPCRs are also broadly involved in key physiologies that underlie type 2 diabetes and obesity including feeding reward, appetite and satiety, regulation of blood glucose levels, energy homeostasis and adipose function. Despite this, only two GPCRs are the target of approved pharmaceuticals for treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. In this review we discuss the role of these, and select other candidate GPCRs, involved in various facets of type 2 diabetic or obese pathophysiology, how they might be targeted and the potential reasons why pharmaceuticals against these targets have not progressed to clinical use. Finally, we provide a perspective on the current development pipeline of anti-obesity drugs that target GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah B C Piper
- Receptor Transducer Coupling Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Emily A Whitfield
- Receptor Transducer Coupling Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gregory D Stewart
- Drug Discovery Biology Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- Drug Discovery Biology Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sebastian G B Furness
- Receptor Transducer Coupling Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Drug Discovery Biology Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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Mahapatra MK, Karuppasamy M, Sahoo BM. Therapeutic Potential of Semaglutide, a Newer GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, in Abating Obesity, Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Neurodegenerative diseases: A Narrative Review. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1233-1248. [PMID: 35650449 PMCID: PMC9159769 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03302-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Semaglutide, a peptidic GLP-1 receptor agonist, has been clinically approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and is available in subcutaneous and oral dosage form. Diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity are responsible for the pathological manifestations of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Similarly, insulin resistance in brain is also responsible for neurodegeneration and impaired cognitive functions. BACKGROUND Observations from phase-3 clinical trials like SUSTAIN and PIONEER indicated anti-obesity potential of semaglutide, which was established in STEP trials. Various pre-clinical and phase-2 studies have indicated the therapeutic potential of semaglutide in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. DISCUSSION Significant weight reduction ability of semaglutide has been demonstrated in various phase-3 clinical trials, for which recently semaglutide became the first long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist to be approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for management of obesity. Various pre-clinical and clinical studies have revealed the hepatoprotective effect of semaglutide in NASH and neuroprotective effect in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSION Many GLP-1 receptor agonists have shown hepatoprotective and neuroprotective activity in animal and human trials. As semaglutide is an already clinically approved drug, successful human trials would hasten its inclusion into therapeutic treatment of NASH and neurodegenerative diseases. Semaglutide improves insulin resistance, insulin signalling pathway, and reduce body weight which are responsible for prevention or progression of NASH and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Mahapatra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kanak Manjari Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chhend, Rourkela, 769015, Odisha, India.
| | - Muthukumar Karuppasamy
- YaAn Pharmaceutical and Medical Communications, 1798, Balaji Nagar, Sithurajapuram, Sivakasi, 626189, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Biswa M Sahoo
- Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur, 760010, Odisha, India
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Venkatesh VS, Grossmann M, Zajac JD, Davey RA. The role of the androgen receptor in the pathogenesis of obesity and its utility as a target for obesity treatments. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13429. [PMID: 35083843 PMCID: PMC9286619 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis dysregulation in males. Here, we summarize recent evidence derived from clinical trials and studies in preclinical animal models regarding the role of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in the pathophysiology of males with obesity. We also discuss therapeutic strategies targeting the AR for the treatment of obesity and their limitations and provide insight into the future research necessary to advance this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun S Venkatesh
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria.,Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey D Zajac
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria.,Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel A Davey
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria
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Silva CM, Teixeira BS, Wright KP, Maia YCDP, Crispim CA. Time-Related Eating Patterns Are Associated with the Total Daily Intake of Calories and Macronutrients in Day and Night Shift Workers. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112202. [PMID: 35684002 PMCID: PMC9182503 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate whether time-related eating patterns are associated with the daily intake of calories and macronutrients in Brazilian male military police officers (n = 81; 29-day and 52-night workers; mean age: 36.4 ± 0.9 and 38.5 ± 0.7 years, respectively). Energy and macronutrient intake were determined by a non-consecutive 3-day food recall. Time-related eating patterns, such as the time of the first and the last meals, eating duration, and caloric midpoint, were evaluated. Individuals were classified as “early” or “late” eaters according to the median caloric midpoint. Night shift workers showed a later eating time for the last meal (p < 0.001), longer eating duration (p < 0.001), and later caloric midpoint (p = 0.037) than day workers. Late eaters from both workgroups consumed more 24 h energy (p = 0.028), fat in calories (p = 0.006) and protein (calories: p < 0.001; percentage of total calories: p = 0.042), and less carbohydrates in calories (p = 0.010) intake than early eaters. The time of the first meal was negatively correlated with 24 h energy (p = 0.024) and carbohydrate (p = 0.031) intake only in day workers. The time of the last meal was positively correlated with 24 h energy (day workers: β = 0.352; p = 0.044; night workers: β = 0.424; p = 0.002) and protein (day workers: β = 0.451; p = 0.013; night workers: β = 0.536; p < 0.001) intake for both shift workers, and with carbohydrate (β = 0.346; p = 0.016) and fat (β = 0.286; p = 0.042) intake only in night workers. Eating duration was positively correlated with energy (day workers: β = 0.473; p = 0.004; night workers: β = 0.320; p = 0.023) and carbohydrate (day workers: β = 0.418; p = 0.011; night workers: β = 0.364; p = 0.010) intake in both groups. Thus, time-related eating patterns indicative of intake later at night are associated with increased daily energy and macronutrient intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Mendes Silva
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil; (C.M.S.); (B.S.T.); (Y.C.d.P.M.)
| | - Bruno Simão Teixeira
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil; (C.M.S.); (B.S.T.); (Y.C.d.P.M.)
| | - Kenneth P. Wright
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 3100 Marine Street, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;
| | - Yara Cristina de Paiva Maia
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil; (C.M.S.); (B.S.T.); (Y.C.d.P.M.)
| | - Cibele Aparecida Crispim
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil; (C.M.S.); (B.S.T.); (Y.C.d.P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +55-34-3218-2084
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Vadapalli S, Abdelhalim H, Zeeshan S, Ahmed Z. Artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches using gene expression and variant data for personalized medicine. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6590150. [PMID: 35595537 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine uses genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors to more accurately diagnose and treat disease in specific groups of patients, and it is considered one of the most promising medical efforts of our time. The use of genetics is arguably the most data-rich and complex components of precision medicine. The grand challenge today is the successful assimilation of genetics into precision medicine that translates across different ancestries, diverse diseases and other distinct populations, which will require clever use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods. Our goal here was to review and compare scientific objectives, methodologies, datasets, data sources, ethics and gaps of AI/ML approaches used in genomics and precision medicine. We selected high-quality literature published within the last 5 years that were indexed and available through PubMed Central. Our scope was narrowed to articles that reported application of AI/ML algorithms for statistical and predictive analyses using whole genome and/or whole exome sequencing for gene variants, and RNA-seq and microarrays for gene expression. We did not limit our search to specific diseases or data sources. Based on the scope of our review and comparative analysis criteria, we identified 32 different AI/ML approaches applied in variable genomics studies and report widely adapted AI/ML algorithms for predictive diagnostics across several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreya Vadapalli
- Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Habiba Abdelhalim
- Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Saman Zeeshan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 125 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Hu TM. A General Biphasic Bodyweight Model for Scaling Basal Metabolic Rate, Glomerular Filtration Rate, and Drug Clearance from Birth to Adulthood. AAPS J 2022; 24:67. [PMID: 35538161 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to propose a unified, continuous, and bodyweight-only equation to quantify the changes of human basal metabolic rate (BMR), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and drug clearance (CL) from infancy to adulthood. The BMR datasets were retrieved from a comprehensive historical database of male and female subjects (0.02 to 64 years). The CL datasets for 17 drugs and the GFR dataset were generated from published maturation and growth models with reported parameter values. A statistical approach was used to simulate the model-generated CL and GFR data for a hypothetical population with 26 age groups (from 0 to 20 years). A biphasic equation with two power-law functions of bodyweight was proposed and evaluated as a general model using nonlinear regression and dimensionless analysis. All datasets universally reveal biphasic curves with two distinct linear segments on log-log plots. The biphasic equation consists of two reciprocal allometric terms that asymptotically determine the overall curvature. The fitting results show a superlinear scaling phase (asymptotic exponent >1; ca. 1.5-3.5) and a sublinear scaling phase (asymptotic exponent <1; ca. 0.5-0.7), which are separated at the phase transition bodyweight ranging from 5 to 20 kg with a mean value of 10 kg (corresponding to 1 year of age). The dimensionless analysis generalizes and offers quantitative realization of the maturation and growth process. In conclusion, the proposed mixed-allometry equation is a generic model that quantitatively describes the phase transition in the human maturation process of diverse human functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teh-Min Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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Gáliková M, Klepsatel P. Endocrine control of glycogen and triacylglycerol breakdown in the fly model. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 138:104-116. [PMID: 35393234 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the combination of genetics, transcriptomic and proteomic approaches yielded substantial insights into the mechanisms behind the synthesis and breakdown of energy stores in the model organisms. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been particularly useful to unravel genetic regulations of energy metabolism. Despite the considerable evolutionary distance between humans and flies, the energy storage organs, main metabolic pathways, and even their genetic regulations remained relatively conserved. Glycogen and fat are universal energy reserves used in all animal phyla and several of their endocrine regulators, such as the insulin pathway, are highly evolutionarily conserved. Nevertheless, some of the factors inducing catabolism of energy stores have diverged significantly during evolution. Moreover, even within a single insect species, D. melanogaster, there are substantial developmental and context-dependent variances in the regulation of energy stores. These differences include, among others, the endocrine pathways that govern the catabolic events or the predominant fuel which is utilized for the given process. For example, many catabolic regulators that control energy reserves in adulthood seem to be largely dispensable for energy mobilization during development. In this review, we focus on a selection of the most important catabolic regulators from the group of peptide hormones (Adipokinetic hormone, Corazonin), catecholamines (octopamine), steroid hormones (20-hydroxyecdysone), and other factors (extracellular adenosine, regulators of lipase Brummer). We discuss their roles in the mobilization of energy reserves for processes such as development through non-feeding stages, flight or starvation survival. Finally, we conclude with future perspectives on the energy balance research in the fly model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gáliková
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Klepsatel
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Ma L, Zhao Z, Guo X, Li J, Xu L, Mei W, Dong G, Zhong Z, Yang Z. Tanshinone IIA and its derivative activate thermogenesis in adipocytes and induce "beiging" of white adipose tissue. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 544:111557. [PMID: 35032625 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (TAN2A) is a major active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza used in traditional Chinese medicine and tanshinone 20 (TAN20) is a derivative of TAN2A. In this study, we examined the effects of TAN2A and TAN20 on adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and thermogenesis. Our experiments showed that both TAN2A and TAN20 increased mitochondria content in adipose tissue, enhanced energy expenditure, reduced body weight, and improved insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis in obese and diabetic mouse models. We demonstrated that TAN20 can facilitate the transformation from white to beige adipose tissue, as well as activate brown adipose tissue. In uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) knockout mouse model, the effects of TAN2A and TAN20 on body weight and glucose tolerance were not observed, suggesting that such effects were UCP1 dependent. Furthermore, we found that TAN2A and TAN20 increased the expression of UCP1 and other thermogenic genes in adipocytes through AMPK-PGC-1α signaling pathway. Our findings indicate that TAN2A and its derivative TAN20 are potential interesting energy expenditure regulators and may be implicated in treatment of obesity and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Zewei Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xuemin Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translation Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, 514000, Guangdong Province, China; Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, 514000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Wenjie Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Geng Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China; Medical Informatics Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - Zhixiong Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translation Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, 514000, Guangdong Province, China; Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, 514000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Zhonghan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong Province, China.
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Milanova IV, Korpel NL, Correa-da-Silva F, Berends E, Osman S, la Fleur SE, Fliers E, Kalsbeek A, Yi CX. Loss of Microglial Insulin Receptor Leads to Sex-Dependent Metabolic Disorders in Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062933. [PMID: 35328354 PMCID: PMC8954452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are highly prevalent disorders, associated with insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. The brain is key for energy homeostasis and contains many insulin receptors. Microglia, the resident brain immune cells, are known to express insulin receptors (InsR) and to be activated by a hypercaloric environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether microglial insulin signaling is involved in the control of systemic energy homeostasis and whether this function is sex-dependent. We generated a microglia-specific knockout of the InsR gene in male and female mice and exposed them to control or obesogenic dietary conditions. Following 10 weeks of diet exposure, we evaluated insulin tolerance, energy metabolism, microglial morphology and phagocytic function, and neuronal populations. Lack of microglial InsR resulted in increased plasma insulin levels and insulin resistance in obese female mice. In the brain, loss of microglial InsR led to a decrease in microglial primary projections in both male and female mice, irrespective of the diet. In addition, in obese male mice lacking microglial InsR the number of proopiomelanocortin neurons was decreased, compared to control diet, while no differences were observed in female mice. Our results demonstrate a sex-dependent effect of microglial InsR-signaling in physiology and obesity, and stress the importance of a heterogeneous approach in the study of diseases such as obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Milanova
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.V.M.); (N.L.K.); (F.C.-d.-S.); (E.B.); (S.O.); (S.E.l.F.); (E.F.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikita L. Korpel
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.V.M.); (N.L.K.); (F.C.-d.-S.); (E.B.); (S.O.); (S.E.l.F.); (E.F.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felipe Correa-da-Silva
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.V.M.); (N.L.K.); (F.C.-d.-S.); (E.B.); (S.O.); (S.E.l.F.); (E.F.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Berends
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.V.M.); (N.L.K.); (F.C.-d.-S.); (E.B.); (S.O.); (S.E.l.F.); (E.F.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Samar Osman
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.V.M.); (N.L.K.); (F.C.-d.-S.); (E.B.); (S.O.); (S.E.l.F.); (E.F.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne E. la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.V.M.); (N.L.K.); (F.C.-d.-S.); (E.B.); (S.O.); (S.E.l.F.); (E.F.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.V.M.); (N.L.K.); (F.C.-d.-S.); (E.B.); (S.O.); (S.E.l.F.); (E.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.V.M.); (N.L.K.); (F.C.-d.-S.); (E.B.); (S.O.); (S.E.l.F.); (E.F.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.V.M.); (N.L.K.); (F.C.-d.-S.); (E.B.); (S.O.); (S.E.l.F.); (E.F.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Fan M, Choi YJ, Wedamulla NE, Tang Y, Han KI, Hwang JY, Kim EK. Heat-Killed Enterococcus faecalis EF-2001 Attenuate Lipid Accumulation in Diet-Induced Obese (DIO) Mice by Activating AMPK Signaling in Liver. Foods 2022; 11:575. [PMID: 35206052 PMCID: PMC8870772 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the inhibitory mechanism of heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis, EF-2001 on hepatic lipid deposition, a diet-induced obese (DIO) animal model was established by high-fat diet (HFD). The DIO C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: the normal group without HFD (ND, n = 8), obesity group (HFD, n = 8), experimental group (HFD + EF-2001, 200 mg/kg, n = 8), and positive control group (HFD + Orlistat, 60 mg/kg, n = 8). After 4 weeks, liver and adipose tissue were fixed in 10% paraformaldehyde, followed by embedding in paraffin for tissue sectioning. The differences in body mass, body fat ratio, fatty cell area, and lipid profiling of the liver (TC, LDL, and HDL) were also determined. Moreover, Western blot was performed to analyze the expression of lipid accumulation-related proteins, including AMPK, PPARγ, SREBP-1, ACC, and FAS. Compared with the HFD group, the HFD + EF-2001 group exhibited decreased fat mass, liver index, adipocyte area, TC, and LDL, and an increased level of HDL. The results of liver hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and oil red O staining showed that the mice in each intervention group were improved on hepatic lipid accumulation, and the mice in the HFD + EF-2001 group were the most similar to those in the normal group when compared with the HFD group. From the Western blot results, we proved that EF-2001 activated the AMPK signaling pathway. EF-2001 significantly upregulated the expressions of p-AMPK and p-ACC and downregulated PPARγ, SREBP-1, and FAS in murine liver. Taken together, these results suggest that EF-2001 decrease lipid accumulation in the DIO model mice through the AMPK pathway and ameliorate liver damage by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Fan
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea;
| | - Young-Jin Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (Y.-J.C.); (N.E.W.)
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Nishala Erandi Wedamulla
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (Y.-J.C.); (N.E.W.)
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
- Department of Export Agriculture, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka
| | - Yujiao Tang
- School of Bio-Science and Food Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130600, China;
| | | | - Ji-Young Hwang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Korea;
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (Y.-J.C.); (N.E.W.)
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
- Department of Export Agriculture, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka
- Center for Food & Bio Innovation, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
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Verma P, Joshi BC, Bairy PS. A Comprehensive Review on Anti-obesity Potential of Medicinal Plants and their Bioactive Compounds. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083808666220211162540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Obesity is a complex health and global epidemic issue. It is an increasing global health challenge covering significant social and economic costs. Abnormal accumulation of fat in the body may increase the health risks including diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, cardiovascular diseases, stroke and cancer. Synthetic drugs available on the market reported to have several side effects. Therefore, the management of obesity got to involve the traditional use of medicinal plants which helps to search the new therapeutic targets and supports the research and development of anti-obesity drugs.
Objective:
This review aim to update the data and provide a comprehensive report of currently available knowledge of medicinal plants and phyto-chemical constituents reported for their anti-obesity activity.
Methodology:
An electronic search of the periodical databases like Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Scielo, Niscair, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Wiley, SciFinder and Google Scholar with information reported the period 1991-2019, was used to retrieve published data.
Results:
A comprehensive report of the present review manuscript is an attempt to list the medicinal plants with anti-obesity activity. The review focused on plant extracts, isolated chemical compounds with their mechanism of action and their preclinical experimental model, clinical studies for further scientific research.
Conclusion:
This review is the compilation of the medicinal plants and their constituents reported for the managements of obesity. The data will fascinate the researcher to initiate further research that may lead to the drug for the management of obesity and their associated secondary complications. Several herbal plants and their respective lead constituents were also screened by preclinical In-vitro and In-vivo, clinical trials and are effective in the treatment of obesity. Therefore, there is a need to develop and screen large number of plant extracts and this approach can surely be a driving force for the discovery of anti-obesity drugs from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Verma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand (India)
| | - Bhuwan Chandra Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, Uttarakhand (India)
| | - Partha Sarathi Bairy
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand (India)
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Isolation, Identification and Pharmacological Effects of Mandragora autumnalis Fruit Flavonoids Fraction. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031046. [PMID: 35164311 PMCID: PMC8838059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, Mandragora autumnalis has been used as a traditional medicinal plant for the treatment of numerous ailments. In light of this, the current study was designed to isolate and identify the chemical constituents of the flavonoids fraction from M. autumnalis ripe fruit (FFM), and evaluate its DPPH scavenging, anti-lipase, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and antidiabetic effects. An ethyl acetate extract of M. autumnalis was subjected to a sequence of silica gel column chromatography using different eluents with various polarities. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified using different spectral techniques, including 1H NMR and 13C NMR. FFM's anti-diabetic activity was assessed using a glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) translocation assay, as well as an inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase using standard biochemical assays. The FFM anti-lipase effect against porcine pancreatic lipase was also evaluated. Moreover, FFM free radical scavenging activity using the DPPH test and antimicrobial properties against eight microbial strains using the micro-dilution method were also assessed. Four flavonoid aglycones were separated from FFM and their chemical structures were identified. The structures of the isolated compounds were established as kaempferol 1, luteolin 2, myricetin 3 and (+)-taxifolin 4, based on NMR spectroscopic analyses. The cytotoxicity test results showed high cell viability (at least 90%) for up to 1 mg/mL concentration of FFM, which is considered to be safe. A dose-dependent increase in GLUT4 translocation was significantly shown (p < 0.05) when the muscle cells were treated with FFM up to 0.5 mg/mL. Moreover, FFM revealed potent α-amylase, α-glucosidase, DPPH scavenging and porcine pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities compared with the positive controls, with IC50 values of 72.44 ± 0.89, 39.81 ± 0.74, 5.37 ± 0.41 and 39.81 ± 1.23 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, FFM inhibited the growth of all of the tested bacterial and fungal strains and showed the greatest antibacterial activity against the K. pneumoniae strain with a MIC value of 0.135 µg/mL. The four flavonoid molecules that constitute the FFM have been shown to have medicinal promise. Further in vivo testing and formulation design are needed to corroborate these findings, which are integral to the pharmaceutical and food supplement industries.
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Developing a Personalized Integrative Obesity-Coaching Program: A Systems Health Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020882. [PMID: 35055703 PMCID: PMC8775850 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Current obesity management strategies are failing to achieve sustainable and favorable long-term results. We propose a more personalized, dynamic, and systemic perspective on the interactions of key determinants and coaching advice on obesity. The aim of this study was to use a systems view on overweight, complexity science, and a transdisciplinary process to develop a five-year personalized integrative obesity-coaching and research program. Managers, medical specialists, clinical psychologists, dieticians, physical- and psychomotor therapists, and lifestyle coaches aligned their perspectives and objectives with experts in systems thinking and systems biology. A systems health model of obesity was used to identify the causal relations of variables with the most influence on obesity. The model helped to align and design a personalized integrative obesity-coaching program and to identify the key variables to monitor the progress and to adjust the personalized program, depending on the goals and needs of the participant. It was decided to use subtyping of participants by a systems biologist, based on traditional Chinese medicine symptoms, as a novel method to personalize the intervention. The collaborative transdisciplinary approach based upon a systems view on obesity was successful in developing a personalized and adaptive five-year obesity-coaching and research program.
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Xiang JY, Chi YY, Han JX, Kong P, Liang Z, Wang D, Xiang H, Xie Q. Litchi chinensis seed prevents obesity and modulates the gut microbiota and mycobiota compositions in high-fat diet-induced obese zebrafish. Food Funct 2022; 13:2832-2845. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03991a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity continues to be a global public health challenge. Litchi chinensis seed is rich in bioactive ingredients with pharmacological effects, such as hypoglycemic activity and anti-oxidation. This study aimed to...
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Xie J, Liu M, Liu H, Jin Z, Guan F, Ge S, Yan J, Zheng M, Cai D, Liu J. Zeaxanthin ameliorates obesity by activating the β3-adrenergic receptor to stimulate inguinal fat thermogenesis and modulating the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 12:12734-12750. [PMID: 34846398 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02863d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The stimulation of fat thermogenesis and modulation of the gut microbiota are promising therapeutic strategies against obesity. Zeaxanthin (ZEA), a carotenoid plant pigment, has been shown to prevent various diseases; however, the therapeutic mechanism for obesity remains unclear. Herein, whether ZEA improves obesity by activating the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) to stimulate white adipose tissue (WAT) thermogenesis and modulating the gut microbiota was investigated. C57BL6/N mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with ZEA for 22 weeks. ZEA treatment reduced body weight, fat weight, adipocyte hypertrophy, liver weight, and lipid deposition, and improved dyslipidaemia, serum GPT, GOT, leptin, and irisin levels, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice. Mechanistically, ZEA treatment induced the expression of β3-AR and thermogenic factors, such as PRDM16, PGC-1α, and UCP1, in inguinal WAT (iWAT) and brown adipose tissue. ZEA treatment stimulated iWAT thermogenesis through the synergistic cooperation of key organelles, which manifested as an increased expression of lipid droplet degradation factors (ATGL, CGI-58 and pHSL), mitochondrial biogenesis factors (Sirt1, Nrf2, Tfam, Nampt and Cyt-C), peroxisomal biogenesis factors (Pex16, Pex19 and Pmp70), and β-oxidation factors (Cpt1, Cpt2, Acadm and Acox1). The thermogenic effect of ZEA was abolished by β3-AR antagonist (SR59230A) treatment. Additionally, dietary supplementation with ZEA reversed gut microbiota dysbiosis by regulating the abundance of Firmicutes, Clostridia, Proteobacteria, and Desulfovibrio, which were associated with the thermogenesis- and obesity-associated indices by Spearman's correlation analysis. Functional analysis of the gut microbiota indicated that ZEA treatment significantly enriched the lipid metabolism pathways. These results demonstrate that ZEA is a promising multi-target functional food for the treatment of obesity by activating β3-AR to stimulate iWAT thermogenesis, and modulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahan Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
| | - Meihong Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
| | - Huimin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
| | - Zhibo Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
| | - Fengtao Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China. .,College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Sitong Ge
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
| | - Jie Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China. .,College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Mingzhu Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
| | - Dan Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
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