1
|
Markina NO, Matveev GA, Zasypkin GG, Golikova TI, Ryzhkova DV, Kononova YA, Danilov SD, Babenko AY. Role of Brown Adipose Tissue in Metabolic Health and Efficacy of Drug Treatment for Obesity. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4151. [PMID: 39064191 PMCID: PMC11277946 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is responsible for non-shivering thermogenesis, and its activation has become a new object as both a determinant of metabolic health and a target for therapy. This study aimed to identify the relationships between the presence of BAT, parameters that characterize metabolic health (glucose, lipids, blood pressure (BP)), and the dynamics of body mass index (BMI) during weight-reducing therapy. (2) Methods: The study included 72 patients with obesity. We investigated metabolic parameters, anthropometric parameters, and BP. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) were performed. (3) Results: Before weight-reducing therapy, BAT was revealed only in 19% patients with obesity. The presence of BAT was associated with a lower risk of metabolic deviations that characterize metabolic syndrome: shorter waist circumference (WC) (p = 0.02) and lower levels of glucose (p = 0.03) and triglycerides (p = 0.03). Thereafter, patients were divided into four groups according to the type of therapy (only lifestyle modification or with Liraglutide or Reduxin or Reduxin Forte). We did not find a relationship between the presence of BAT and response to therapy: percent weight reduction was 10.4% in patients with BAT and 8.5% in patients without BAT (p = 0.78) during six months of therapy. But we noted a significant positive correlation between the volume of BAT and the effectiveness of weight loss at 3 months (r = 0.52, p = 0.016). The dynamic analysis of BAT after 6 months of therapy showed a significant increase in the volume of cold-induced metabolically active BAT, as determined by PET/CT with 18F-FDG in the Liraglutide group (p = 0.04) and an increase in the activity of BAT standardized uptake value (SUV mean and SUV max) in the Reduxin (p = 0.02; p = 0.01, respectively) and Liraglutide groups (p = 0.02 in both settings). (4) Conclusions: The presence of brown adipose tissue is associated with a lower risk of metabolic abnormalities. In general, our study demonstrated that well-established drugs in the treatment of obesity (Liraglutide and Reduxin) have one more mechanism for implementing their effects. These drugs have the ability to increase the activity of BAT. A significant positive relationship between the total volume of BAT and the percentage of weight loss may further determine the priority mechanism of the weight-reducing effect of these medicaments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia O. Markina
- Laboratory of Prediabetes and Metabolic Disorders, WCRC “Centre for Personalized Medicine”, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia (G.A.M.); (G.G.Z.); (T.I.G.)
| | - Georgy A. Matveev
- Laboratory of Prediabetes and Metabolic Disorders, WCRC “Centre for Personalized Medicine”, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia (G.A.M.); (G.G.Z.); (T.I.G.)
| | - German G. Zasypkin
- Laboratory of Prediabetes and Metabolic Disorders, WCRC “Centre for Personalized Medicine”, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia (G.A.M.); (G.G.Z.); (T.I.G.)
| | - Tatiana I. Golikova
- Laboratory of Prediabetes and Metabolic Disorders, WCRC “Centre for Personalized Medicine”, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia (G.A.M.); (G.G.Z.); (T.I.G.)
| | - Daria V. Ryzhkova
- Laboratory of Prediabetes and Metabolic Disorders, WCRC “Centre for Personalized Medicine”, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia (G.A.M.); (G.G.Z.); (T.I.G.)
| | - Yulia A. Kononova
- Laboratory of Prediabetes and Metabolic Disorders, WCRC “Centre for Personalized Medicine”, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia (G.A.M.); (G.G.Z.); (T.I.G.)
| | - Sergey D. Danilov
- Facility of Digital Transformation, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Alina Yu. Babenko
- Laboratory of Prediabetes and Metabolic Disorders, WCRC “Centre for Personalized Medicine”, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia (G.A.M.); (G.G.Z.); (T.I.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hoekx CA, Straat ME, Bizino MB, van Eyk HJ, Lamb HJ, Smit JWA, Jazet IM, de Jager SCA, Boon MR, Martinez-Tellez B. Growth differentiation factor 15 is not modified after weight loss induced by liraglutide in South Asians and Europids with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38965822 DOI: 10.1113/ep091815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists induce weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Recently, the mechanism by which metformin induces weight loss could be explained by an increase in growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), which suppresses appetite. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether the GLP-1R agonist liraglutide modifies plasma GDF15 levels in patients with T2DM. GDF15 levels were measured in plasma samples obtained from Dutch Europids and Dutch South Asians with T2DM before and after 26 weeks of treatment with daily liraglutide (n = 44) or placebo (n = 50) added to standard care. At baseline, circulating GDF15 levels did not differ between South Asians and Europids with T2DM. Treatment with liraglutide, compared to placebo, decreased body weight, but did not modify plasma GDF15 levels in all patients, or when data were split by ethnicity. Also, the change in plasma GDF15 levels after treatment with liraglutide did not correlate with changes in body weight or HbA1c levels. In addition, the dose of metformin used did not correlate with baseline plasma GDF15 levels. Compared to placebo, liraglutide treatment for 26 weeks does not modify plasma GDF15 levels in Dutch Europid or South Asian patients with T2DM. Thus, the weight loss induced by liraglutide is likely explained by other mechanisms beyond the GDF15 pathway. HIGHLIGHTS: What is the central question of this study? Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) suppresses appetite and is increased by metformin: does the GLP-1R agonist liraglutide modify plasma GDF15 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)? What is the main finding and its importance? Plasma GDF15 levels did not differ between South Asians and Europids with T2DM and were not modified by 26 weeks of liraglutide in either ethnicity. Moreover, there was no correlation between the changes in plasma GDF15 levels and dosage of metformin administered, changes in body weight or HbA1c levels. The appetite-suppressing effect of liraglutide is likely exerted via pathways other than GDF15.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn A Hoekx
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike E Straat
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice B Bizino
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Huub J van Eyk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hildebrandus J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes W A Smit
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Jazet
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia C A de Jager
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Nursing Physiotherapy and Medicine, SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
- Biomedical Research Unit, Torrecárdenas University Hospital, Almería, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Golubic R, Kennet J, Parker V, Robertson D, Luo D, Hansen L, Jermutus L, Ambery P, Ryaboshapkina M, Surakala M, Laker RC, Venables M, Koulman A, Park A, Evans M. Dual glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon receptor agonism reduces energy intake in type 2 diabetes with obesity. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:2634-2644. [PMID: 38562018 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To establish which components of energy balance mediate the clinically significant weight loss demonstrated with use of cotadutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)/glucagon receptor dual agonist, in early-phase studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a phase 2a, single-centre, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes. Following a 16-day single-blind placebo run-in, participants were randomized 2:1 to double-blind 42-day subcutaneous treatment with cotadutide (100-300 μg daily) or placebo. The primary outcome was percentage weight change. Secondary outcomes included change in energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE). RESULTS A total of 12 participants (63%) in the cotadutide group and seven (78%) in the placebo group completed the study. The mean (90% confidence interval [CI]) weight change was -4.0% (-4.9%, -3.1%) and -1.4% (-2.7%, -0.1%) for the cotadutide and placebo groups, respectively (p = 0.011). EI was lower with cotadutide versus placebo (-41.3% [-66.7, -15.9]; p = 0.011). Difference in EE (per kJ/kg lean body mass) for cotadutide versus placebo was 1.0% (90% CI -8.4, 10.4; p = 0.784), assessed by doubly labelled water, and -6.5% (90% CI -9.3, -3.7; p < 0.001), assessed by indirect calorimetry. CONCLUSION Weight loss with cotadutide is primarily driven by reduced EI, with relatively small compensatory changes in EE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajna Golubic
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jane Kennet
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Victoria Parker
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Darren Robertson
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dan Luo
- Statistics, Biometrics Oncology, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Lars Hansen
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Lutz Jermutus
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Phil Ambery
- Late Clinical Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Ryaboshapkina
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Rhianna C Laker
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Albert Koulman
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adrian Park
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Evans
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vergès B. Do anti-obesity medical treatments have a direct effect on adipose tissue? ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2024; 85:179-183. [PMID: 38871515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2024.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
During the past years, several drugs have been developed for the treatment of obesity. Some are already used in clinical practice: orlistat, GLP-1 receptor agonists (RA), GLP-1/GIP biagonists and the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) agonist, setmelanotide. Some should be available in the future: GLP-1/glucagon biagonists, GLP-1/GIP/glucagon triagonists. These drugs act mainly by reducing food intake or fat absorption. However, many of them show specific effects on the adipose tissue. All these drugs show significant reduction of fat mass and, more particularly of visceral fat. If most of the drugs, except orlistat, have been shown to increase energy expenditure in rodents with enhanced thermogenesis, this has not yet been clearly demonstrated in humans. However, biagonists or triagonist stimulating glucagon seem to a have a more potent effect to increase thermogenesis in the adipose tissue and, thus, energy expenditure. Most of these drugs have been shown to increase the production of adiponectin and to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the adipose tissue. GLP-1RAs reduce the size of adipocytes and promote their differentiation. GLP-1RAS and GLP-1/GIP biagonists reduce, in the adipose tissue, the expression of several genes involved in lipogenesis. Further studies are still needed to clarify the precise roles, on the adipose tissue, of these drugs dedicated for the treatment of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vergès
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, University Hospital, Dijon, France; Inserm, LNR, UMR1231, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gómez-Hernández A, de las Heras N, Gálvez BG, Fernández-Marcelo T, Fernández-Millán E, Escribano Ó. New Mediators in the Crosstalk between Different Adipose Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4659. [PMID: 38731880 PMCID: PMC11083914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a multifunctional organ that regulates many physiological processes such as energy homeostasis, nutrition, the regulation of insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune response. In this review, we highlight the relevance of the different mediators that control adipose tissue activity through a systematic review of the main players present in white and brown adipose tissues. Among them, inflammatory mediators secreted by the adipose tissue, such as classical adipokines and more recent ones, elements of the immune system infiltrated into the adipose tissue (certain cell types and interleukins), as well as the role of intestinal microbiota and derived metabolites, have been reviewed. Furthermore, anti-obesity mediators that promote the activation of beige adipose tissue, e.g., myokines, thyroid hormones, amino acids, and both long and micro RNAs, are exhaustively examined. Finally, we also analyze therapeutic strategies based on those mediators that have been described to date. In conclusion, novel regulators of obesity, such as microRNAs or microbiota, are being characterized and are promising tools to treat obesity in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Natalia de las Heras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz G. Gálvez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Tamara Fernández-Marcelo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Elisa Fernández-Millán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Purnell JQ, le Roux CW. Hypothalamic control of body fat mass by food intake: The key to understanding why obesity should be treated as a disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26 Suppl 2:3-12. [PMID: 38351898 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothalamic centres have been recognized to play a central role in body weight regulation for nearly 70 years. AIMS In this review, we will explore the current undersanding of the role the hypothalamus plays in controlling food intake behaviours. MATERIALS AND METHODS Review of relevant literature from PubMed searches and review article citations. RESULTS Beginning with autopsy studies showing destructive hypothalamic lesions in patients manifesting hyperphagia and rapid weight gain, followed by animal lesioning studies pinpointing adjacent hypothalamic sites as the 'satiety' centre and the 'feeding' centre of the brain, the neurocircuitry that governs our body weight is now understood to consist of a complex, interconnected network, including the hypothalamus and extending to cortical sites, reward centres and brainstem. Neurons in these sites receive afferent signals from the gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue indicating food availability, calorie content, as well as body fat mass. DISCUSSION Integration of these complex signals leads to modulation of the two prime effector systems that defend a body fat mass set point: food intake and energy expenditure. CONCLUSION Understanding the hypothalamic control of food intake forms the foundation for understanding and managing obesity as a chronic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Q Purnell
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Carel W le Roux
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wilbon SS, Kolonin MG. GLP1 Receptor Agonists-Effects beyond Obesity and Diabetes. Cells 2023; 13:65. [PMID: 38201269 PMCID: PMC10778154 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) have been transformative for patients and clinicians in treating type-2 diabetes and obesity. Drugs of this class, the bioavailability of which is continuously improving, enable weight loss and control blood glucose with minimal unwanted side effects. Since adopting GLP1RA for treating metabolic diseases, animal and clinical studies have revealed their beneficial effects on several other pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, kidney disease, and cancer. A notable commonality between these diseases is their association with older age. Clinical trials and preclinical data suggest that GLP1RA may improve outcomes in these aging-related diseases. Some of the benefits of GLP1RA may be indirect due to their effects on obesity and glucose metabolism. However, there is building evidence that GLP1RA may also act directly on multiple organs implicated in aging-related pathology. This review aims to compile the studies reporting the effects of GLP1RA on aging-related diseases and discuss potential underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikhail G. Kolonin
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Genchi VA, Palma G, Sorice GP, D'Oria R, Caccioppoli C, Marrano N, Biondi G, Caruso I, Cignarelli A, Natalicchio A, Laviola L, Giorgino F, Perrini S. Pharmacological modulation of adaptive thermogenesis: new clues for obesity management? J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:2213-2236. [PMID: 37378828 PMCID: PMC10558388 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive thermogenesis represents the main mechanism through which the body generates heat in response to external stimuli, a phenomenon that includes shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. The non-shivering thermogenesis is mainly exploited by adipose tissue characterized by a brown aspect, which specializes in energy dissipation. A decreased amount of brown adipose tissue has been observed in ageing and chronic illnesses such as obesity, a worldwide health problem characterized by dysfunctional adipose tissue expansion and associated cardiometabolic complications. In the last decades, the discovery of a trans-differentiation mechanism ("browning") within white adipose tissue depots, leading to the generation of brown-like cells, allowed to explore new natural and synthetic compounds able to favour this process and thus enhance thermogenesis with the aim of counteracting obesity. Based on recent findings, brown adipose tissue-activating agents could represent another option in addition to appetite inhibitors and inhibitors of nutrient absorption for obesity treatment. PURPOSE This review investigates the main molecules involved in the physiological (e.g. incretin hormones) and pharmacological (e.g. β3-adrenergic receptors agonists, thyroid receptor agonists, farnesoid X receptor agonists, glucagon-like peptide-1, and glucagon receptor agonists) modulation of adaptive thermogenesis and the signalling mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V A Genchi
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - G Palma
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - G P Sorice
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - R D'Oria
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - C Caccioppoli
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - N Marrano
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - G Biondi
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - I Caruso
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - A Cignarelli
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - A Natalicchio
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - L Laviola
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - F Giorgino
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - S Perrini
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang X, Hou X, Xu C, Cheng S, Ni X, Shi Y, Yao Y, Chen L, Hu MG, Xia D. Kaempferol regulates the thermogenic function of adipocytes in high-fat-diet-induced obesity via the CDK6/RUNX1/UCP1 signaling pathway. Food Funct 2023; 14:8201-8216. [PMID: 37551935 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00613a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Activation of adipose tissue thermogenesis is a promising strategy in the treatment of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Kaempferol (KPF) is a predominant dietary flavonoid with multiple pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In this study, we sought to characterize the role of KPF in adipocyte thermogenesis. We demonstrated that KPF-treated mice were protected from diet-induced obesity, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance, accompanied by markedly increased energy expenditure, ex vivo oxygen consumption of white fat, and increased expression of proteins related to adaptive thermogenesis. KPF-promoted beige cell formation is a cell-autonomous effect, since the overexpression of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) in preadipocytes partially reversed browning phenotypes observed in KPF-treated cells. Overall, these data implicate that KPF is involved in promoting beige cell formation by suppressing CDK6 protein expression. This study provides evidence that KPF is a promising natural product for obesity treatment by boosting energy expenditure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Changyu Xu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Siyao Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xintao Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yueyue Shi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yanjing Yao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Liangxin Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Miaofen G Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Daozong Xia
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ricci M, De Feo MS, Granese GM, Frantellizzi V, Carabellese B, Lubrano E, Cimini A. 18F-FDG PET/CT technology for the assessment of brown adipose tissue: an updated review. Expert Rev Med Devices 2023; 20:1143-1156. [PMID: 37965719 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2023.2283618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review provides an update of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F] FDG) for Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity quantification, whose role is not completely understood. AREAS COVERED We conducted an unstructured search of the literature for any studies employing the [18F] FDG PET in BAT assessment. We explored BAT quantification both in healthy individuals and in different pathologies, after cold exposure and as a metabolic biomarker. The assessment of possible BAT modulators by using [18F] FDG PET is shown. Further PET tracers and novel developments for BAT assessments are also described. EXPERT OPINION Further PET tracers and imaging modalities are under investigation, but the [18F] FDG PET is currently the method of choice for the evaluation of BAT and further multicentric trials are needed for a better understanding of the BAT physiopathology, also after cold stimuli. The modulation of BAT activity, assessed by [18F] FDG PET imaging, seems a promising tool for the management of conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, an interesting possible correlation of BAT activation with prognostic [18F] FDG PET indices in cancer patients should be assessed with further multicentric trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ricci
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Maria Silvia De Feo
- Department of Radiological Sciences Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Maria Granese
- Department of Radiological Sciences Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Frantellizzi
- Department of Radiological Sciences Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ennio Lubrano
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi del Molise, Italy
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Cimini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, St. Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Y, Han L, Zhu P, Song M, Zhang Y, Meng L, Zhang W, Zhang C, Zhong M. PTPN2 targets TAK1 for dephosphorylation to improve cellular senescence and promote adipose tissue browning in T2DM. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1124633. [PMID: 37251330 PMCID: PMC10213551 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1124633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The energy imbalance when energy intake exceeds expenditure acts as an essential factor in the development of insulin resistance (IR). The activity of brown adipose tissue, which is involved in the dissipation of energy via heat expenditure decreases under type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) state when the number of pathological aging adipocytes increases. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) regulates several biological processes by dephosphorylating several cellular substrates; however, whether PTPN2 regulates cellular senescence in adipocytes and the underlying mechanism has not been reported. Methods: We constructed a model of type 2 diabetic mice with PTPN2 overexpression to explore the role of PTPN2 in T2DM. Results: We revealed that PTPN2 facilitated adipose tissue browning by alleviating pathological senescence, thus improving glucose tolerance and IR in T2DM. Mechanistically, we are the first to report that PTPN2 could bind with transforming growth factor-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) directly for dephosphorylation to inhibit the downstream MAPK/NF-κB pathway in adipocytes and regulate cellular senescence and the browning process subsequently. Discussion: Our study revealed a critical mechanism of adipocytes browning progression and provided a potential target for the treatment of related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of General Practice, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Song
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hropot T, Herman R, Janez A, Lezaic L, Jensterle M. Brown Adipose Tissue: A New Potential Target for Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists in the Treatment of Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108592. [PMID: 37239935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue can be divided into white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and beige adipose tissue, according to the differences in morphology. WAT acts as a buffer for increased energy intake and decreased energy expenditure during the development of obesity, resulting in visceral and ectopic WAT accumulation. These WAT depots are strongly associated with chronic systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk related to obesity. They represent a primary weight loss target in anti-obesity management. Second-generation anti-obesity medications glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) cause weight loss and improve body composition by reducing visceral and ectopic fat depots of WAT, resulting in improved cardiometabolic health. Recently, the understanding of the physiological significance of BAT beyond its primary function in generating heat through non-shivering thermogenesis has been expanded. This has raised scientific and pharmaceutical interest in the manipulation of BAT to further enhance weight reduction and body weight maintenance. This narrative review focuses on the potential impact of GLP-1 receptor agonism on BAT, particularly in human clinical studies. It provides an overview of the role of BAT in weight management and highlights the need for further research to elucidate the mechanisms by which GLP-1RAs affect energy metabolism and weight loss. Despite encouraging preclinical data, limited clinical evidence supports the notion that GLP-1RAs contribute to BAT activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hropot
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Herman
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Janez
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Lezaic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department for Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Jensterle
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) displays the unique capacity to generate heat through uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation that makes it a very attractive therapeutic target for cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we review BAT cellular metabolism, its regulation by the central nervous and endocrine systems and circulating metabolites, the plausible roles of this tissue in human thermoregulation, energy balance, and cardiometabolic disorders, and the current knowledge on its pharmacological stimulation in humans. The current definition and measurement of BAT in human studies relies almost exclusively on BAT glucose uptake from positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxiglucose, which can be dissociated from BAT thermogenic activity, as for example in insulin-resistant states. The most important energy substrate for BAT thermogenesis is its intracellular fatty acid content mobilized from sympathetic stimulation of intracellular triglyceride lipolysis. This lipolytic BAT response is intertwined with that of white adipose (WAT) and other metabolic tissues, and cannot be independently stimulated with the drugs tested thus far. BAT is an interesting and biologically plausible target that has yet to be fully and selectively activated to increase the body's thermogenic response and shift energy balance. The field of human BAT research is in need of methods able to directly, specifically, and reliably measure BAT thermogenic capacity while also tracking the related thermogenic responses in WAT and other tissues. Until this is achieved, uncertainty will remain about the role played by this fascinating tissue in human cardiometabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Correspondence: André C. Carpentier, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Ave N, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | | - Denis Richard
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gutierrez AD, Gao Z, Hamidi V, Zhu L, Saint Andre KB, Riggs K, Ruscheinsky M, Wang H, Yu Y, Miller C, Vasquez H, Taegtmeyer H, Kolonin MG. Anti-diabetic effects of GLP1 analogs are mediated by thermogenic interleukin-6 signaling in adipocytes. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100813. [PMID: 36384099 PMCID: PMC9729831 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying anti-diabetic effects of GLP1 analogs remain incompletely understood. We observed that in prediabetic humans exenatide treatment acutely induces interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion by monocytes and IL-6 in systemic circulation. We hypothesized that GLP1 analogs signal through IL-6 in adipose tissue (AT) and used the mouse model to test if IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) signaling underlies the effects of the GLP1-IL-6 axis. We show that liraglutide transiently increases IL-6 in mouse circulation and IL-6R signaling in AT. Metronomic liraglutide treatment resulted in AT browning and thermogenesis linked with STAT3 activation. IL-6-blocking antibody treatment inhibited STAT3 activation in AT and suppressed liraglutide-induced increase in thermogenesis and glucose utilization. We show that adipose IL-6R knockout mice still display liraglutide-induced weight loss but lack thermogenic adipocyte browning and metabolism activation. We conclude that the anti-diabetic effects of GLP1 analogs are mediated by transient upregulation of IL-6, which activates canonical IL-6R signaling and thermogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Absalon D. Gutierrez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Zhanguo Gao
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vala Hamidi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Kayla Riggs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75225, USA
| | - Monika Ruscheinsky
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hongyu Wang
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongmei Yu
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Charles Miller
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hernan Vasquez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mikhail G. Kolonin
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Association of apolipoprotein M and sphingosine-1-phosphate with brown adipose tissue after cold exposure in humans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18753. [PMID: 36335116 PMCID: PMC9637161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21938-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The HDL-associated apolipoprotein M (apoM) and its ligand sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) may control energy metabolism. ApoM deficiency in mice is associated with increased vascular permeability, brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass and activity, and protection against obesity. In the current study, we explored the connection between plasma apoM/S1P levels and parameters of BAT as measured via 18F-FDG PET/CT after cold exposure in humans. Fixed (n = 15) vs personalized (n = 20) short-term cooling protocols decreased and increased apoM (- 8.4%, P = 0.032 vs 15.7%, P < 0.0005) and S1P (- 41.0%, P < 0.0005 vs 19.1%, P < 0.005) plasma levels, respectively. Long-term cooling (n = 44) did not affect plasma apoM or S1P levels. Plasma apoM and S1P did not correlate significantly to BAT volume and activity in the individual studies. However, short-term studies combined, showed that increased changes in plasma apoM correlated with BAT metabolic activity (β: 0.44, 95% CI [0.06-0.81], P = 0.024) after adjusting for study design but not BAT volume (β: 0.39, 95% CI [- 0.01-0.78], P = 0.054). In conclusion, plasma apoM and S1P levels are altered in response to cold exposure and may be linked to changes in BAT metabolic activity but not BAT volume in humans. This contrasts partly with observations in animals and highlights the need for further studies to understand the biological role of apoM/S1P complex in human adipose tissue and lipid metabolism.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ying Z, Tramper N, Zhou E, Boon MR, Rensen PCN, Kooijman S. Role of thermogenic adipose tissue in lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: lessons from studies in mice and humans. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 119:905-918. [PMID: 35944189 PMCID: PMC10153643 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipocytes within brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipocytes within white adipose tissue dissipate nutritional energy as heat. Studies in mice have shown that activation of thermogenesis in brown and beige adipocytes enhances the lipolytic processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) in plasma to supply these adipocytes with fatty acids for oxidation. This process results in formation of TRL remnants that are removed from the circulation through binding of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) on their surface to the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) on hepatocytes, followed by internalization. Concomitantly, lipolytic processing of circulating TRLs leads to generation of excess surface phospholipids that are transferred to nascent high-density lipoproteins (HDL), increasing their capacity for reverse cholesterol transport. Activation of thermogenic adipocytes thus lowers circulating triglycerides and non-HDL-cholesterol, while it increases HDL-cholesterol. The combined effect is protection from atherosclerosis development, which becomes evident in humanized mouse models with an intact ApoE-LDLR clearance pathway only, and is additive to the effects of classical lipid-lowering drugs including statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors. A large recent study revealed that the presence of metabolically active BAT in humans is associated with lower triglycerides, higher HDL-cholesterol and lower risk of cardiovascular diseases. This narrative review aims to provide leads for further exploration of thermogenic adipose tissue as a therapeutic target. To this end, we describe the latest knowledge on the role of BAT in lipoprotein metabolism and address, for example, the discovery of the β2-adrenergic receptor as the dominant adrenergic receptor in human thermogenic adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Ying
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi Tramper
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Enchen Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Straat ME, Martinez-Tellez B, Janssen LG, van Veen S, van Eenige R, Kharagjitsing AV, van den Berg SA, de Rijke YB, Haks MC, Rensen PC, Boon MR. The effect of cold exposure on circulating transcript levels of immune genes in Dutch South Asian and Dutch Europid men. J Therm Biol 2022; 107:103259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
18
|
Oliveira FCB, Bauer EJ, Ribeiro CM, Pereira SA, Beserra BTS, Wajner SM, Maia AL, Neves FAR, Coelho MS, Amato AA. Liraglutide Activates Type 2 Deiodinase and Enhances β3-Adrenergic-Induced Thermogenesis in Mouse Adipose Tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 12:803363. [PMID: 35069450 PMCID: PMC8771968 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.803363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Liraglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist used as an anti-hyperglycemic agent in type 2 diabetes treatment and recently approved for obesity management. Weight loss is attributed to appetite suppression, but therapy may also increase energy expenditure. To further investigate the effect of GLP-1 signaling in thermogenic fat, we assessed adipose tissue oxygen consumption and type 2 deiodinase (D2) activity in mice treated with liraglutide, both basally and after β3-adrenergic treatment. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to receive liraglutide (400 μg/kg, n=12) or vehicle (n=12). After 16 days, mice in each group were co-treated with the selective β3-adrenergic agonist CL316,243 (1 mg/kg, n=6) or vehicle (n=6) for 5 days. Adipose tissue depots were assessed for gene and protein expression, oxygen consumption, and D2 activity. Results Liraglutide increased interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) oxygen consumption and enhanced β3-adrenergic-induced oxygen consumption in iBAT and inguinal white adipose tissue (ingWAT). These effects were accompanied by upregulation of UCP-1 protein levels in iBAT and ingWAT. Notably, liraglutide increased D2 activity without significantly upregulating its mRNA levels in iBAT and exhibited additive effects to β3-adrenergic stimulation in inducing D2 activity in ingWAT. Conclusions Liraglutide exhibits additive effects to those of β3-adrenergic stimulation in thermogenic fat and increases D2 activity in BAT, implying that it may activate this adipose tissue depot by increasing intracellular thyroid activation, adding to the currently known mechanisms of GLP-1A-induced weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C. B. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Eduarda J. Bauer
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carolina M. Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Sidney A. Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Bruna T. S. Beserra
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Simone M. Wajner
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana L. Maia
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Francisco A. R. Neves
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Michella S. Coelho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Angelica A. Amato
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Welling MS, de Groot CJ, Kleinendorst L, van der Voorn B, Burgerhart JS, van der Valk ES, van Haelst MM, van den Akker ELT, van Rossum EFC. Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue treatment in genetic obesity: A case series. Clin Obes 2021; 11:e12481. [PMID: 34291582 PMCID: PMC9286843 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is highly prevalent and comes with serious health burden. In a minority, a genetic cause is present which often results in therapy-resistant obesity. Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, which has beneficial effects on satiety and weight in common obesity. We present the effects of GLP-1 analogues in adults with a molecularly proven genetic cause of their overweight or obesity. All patients were treated with liraglutide 3.0 mg daily, in addition to intensive supportive lifestyle treatment. Anthropometrics, metabolic parameters, resting energy expenditure (REE), side effects, and subjectively reported satiety and quality of life were assessed. Two patients with 16p11.2 deletion syndrome and two patients with heterozygous pathogenic melanocortin-4 receptor variants were treated. At baseline, their age ranged between 21 and 32 years and body mass index (BMI) ranged between 28.1 and 55.7 kg/m2 . At follow-up (ranges 43 weeks-12 years), a mean change in BMI and waist circumference was observed of -5.7 ± 3.8 kg/m2 and -15.2 ± 21.1 cm, respectively. All patients achieved ≥5% weight loss, three of them lost ≥10% of their body weight. All patients reported improved quality of life and three of them reported ameliorated satiety. Moreover, improvement of glycaemic control and dyslipidaemia were seen. In two patients, REE before and during treatment was measured, which either increased (+26% of predicted REE) or decreased (-18% of predicted REE). Two patients experienced mild side effects for a brief period. In conclusion, our case series shows beneficial effects of GLP-1 analogues on weight, metabolic parameters and quality of life in all four patients with genetic obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mila S. Welling
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of EndocrinologyErasmus MC‐Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J. de Groot
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of EndocrinologyErasmus MC‐Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of EndocrinologyWillem‐Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Lotte Kleinendorst
- Department of Clinical GeneticsAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bibian van der Voorn
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of EndocrinologyErasmus MC‐Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Eline S. van der Valk
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mieke M. van Haelst
- Department of Clinical GeneticsAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Erica L. T. van den Akker
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of EndocrinologyErasmus MC‐Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth F. C. van Rossum
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Drucker DJ. GLP-1 physiology informs the pharmacotherapy of obesity. Mol Metab 2021; 57:101351. [PMID: 34626851 PMCID: PMC8859548 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) augment glucose-dependent insulin release and reduce glucagon secretion and gastric emptying, enabling their successful development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). These agents also inhibit food intake and reduce body weight, fostering investigation of GLP1RA for the treatment of obesity. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here I discuss the physiology of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) action in the control of food intake in animals and humans, highlighting the importance of gut vs. brain-derived GLP-1 for the control of feeding and body weight. The widespread distribution and function of multiple GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) populations in the central and autonomic nervous system are outlined, and the importance of pathways controlling energy expenditure in preclinical studies vs. reduction of food intake in both animals and humans is highlighted. The relative contributions of vagal afferent pathways vs. GLP1R+ populations in the central nervous system for the physiological reduction of food intake and the anorectic response to GLP1RA are compared and reviewed. Key data enabling the development of two GLP1RA for obesity therapy (liraglutide 3 mg daily and semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly) are discussed. Finally, emerging data potentially supporting the combination of GLP-1 with additional peptide epitopes in unimolecular multi-agonists, as well as in fixed-dose combination therapies, are highlighted. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The actions of GLP-1 to reduce food intake and body weight are highly conserved in obese animals and humans, in both adolescents and adults. The well-defined mechanisms of GLP-1 action through a single G protein-coupled receptor, together with the extensive safety database of GLP1RA in people with T2D, provide reassurance surrounding the long-term use of these agents in people with obesity and multiple co-morbidities. GLP1RA may also be effective in conditions associated with obesity, such as cardiovascular disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Progressive improvements in the efficacy of GLP1RA suggest that GLP-1-based therapies may soon rival bariatric surgery as viable options for the treatment of obesity and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Drucker
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hall ME, Kipchumba R. HuR brings the heat: linking adipose tissue to cardiac dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H214-H216. [PMID: 34114893 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00305.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Hall
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Rodney Kipchumba
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
van der Vaart JI, Boon MR, Houtkooper RH. The Role of AMPK Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051122. [PMID: 34066631 PMCID: PMC8148517 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming a pandemic, and its prevalence is still increasing. Considering that obesity increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases, research efforts are focusing on new ways to combat obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged as a possible target to achieve this for its functional role in energy expenditure by means of increasing thermogenesis. An important metabolic sensor and regulator of whole-body energy balance is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and its role in energy metabolism is evident. This review highlights the mechanisms of BAT activation and investigates how AMPK can be used as a target for BAT activation. We review compounds and other factors that are able to activate AMPK and further discuss the therapeutic use of AMPK in BAT activation. Extensive research shows that AMPK can be activated by a number of different kinases, such as LKB1, CaMKK, but also small molecules, hormones, and metabolic stresses. AMPK is able to activate BAT by inducing adipogenesis, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and inducing browning in white adipose tissue. We conclude that, despite encouraging results, many uncertainties should be clarified before AMPK can be posed as a target for anti-obesity treatment via BAT activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie I. van der Vaart
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Mariëtte R. Boon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.R.B.); (R.H.H.)
| | - Riekelt H. Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (M.R.B.); (R.H.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Baggio LL, Drucker DJ. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor co-agonists for treating metabolic disease. Mol Metab 2020; 46:101090. [PMID: 32987188 PMCID: PMC8085566 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are approved to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. They elicit robust improvements in glycemic control and weight loss, combined with cardioprotection in individuals at risk of or with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. These attributes make GLP-1 a preferred partner for next-generation therapies exhibiting improved efficacy yet retaining safety to treat diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and related cardiometabolic disorders. The available clinical data demonstrate that the best GLP-1R agonists are not yet competitive with bariatric surgery, emphasizing the need to further improve the efficacy of current medical therapy. Scope of review In this article, we discuss data highlighting the physiological and pharmacological attributes of potential peptide and non-peptide partners, exemplified by amylin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and steroid hormones. We review the progress, limitations, and future considerations for translating findings from preclinical experiments to competitive efficacy and safety in humans with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Major conclusions Multiple co-agonist combinations exhibit promising clinical efficacy, notably tirzepatide and investigational amylin combinations. Simultaneously, increasing doses of GLP-1R agonists such as semaglutide produces substantial weight loss, raising the bar for the development of new unimolecular co-agonists. Collectively, the available data suggest that new co-agonists with robust efficacy should prove superior to GLP-1R agonists alone to treat metabolic disorders. GLP-1 is a preferred partner for co-agonist development. Co-agonist combinations must exhibit improved weight loss beyond GLP-1 alone. Unimolecular coagonists must exhibit retained or improved cardioprotection. Obesity represents an optimal condition for the development of new GLP-1 co-agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie L Baggio
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5 Canada
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5 Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chondronikola M. The role of brown adipose tissue and the thermogenic adipocytes in glucose metabolism: recent advances and open questions. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2020; 23:282-287. [PMID: 32412979 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the thermogenic adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT) are considered emerging targets against obesity-related metabolic perturbations given their high capacity for thermogenesis and glucose and lipid disposal. This manuscript summarizes and critically evaluates the recent advances on the role of BAT and thermogenic adipocytes in glucose homeostasis in humans. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies support that BAT has high capacity for glucose disposal not only during cold but during rewarming and thermoneutrality as well. Moreover, BAT is now considered a metabolic sink for the disposal of branched-chain amino acids improving whole-body glucose metabolism in rodents and, potentially, in humans. β3 adrenergic agonism and glucagon-like peptide 1 increase BAT metabolic activity for glucose and/or induce the browning of WAT. Finally, recent findings support the association of glucose disposal in BAT with subclinical atherosclerosis and the reproducibility of two advanced medical imaging methods for the assessment of BAT using a glucose radiotracer. SUMMARY Recent studies provide new insights on the role of human BAT and thermogenic adipocytes in glucose metabolism. However, further research is needed to unequivocally establish the clinical significance of BAT and the thermogenic adipocytes in glucose homeostasis in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chondronikola
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|