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Shabkhizan R, Haiaty S, Moslehian MS, Bazmani A, Sadeghsoltani F, Saghaei Bagheri H, Rahbarghazi R, Sakhinia E. The Beneficial and Adverse Effects of Autophagic Response to Caloric Restriction and Fasting. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1211-1225. [PMID: 37527766 PMCID: PMC10509423 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Each cell is equipped with a conserved housekeeping mechanism, known as autophagy, to recycle exhausted materials and dispose of injured organelles via lysosomal degradation. Autophagy is an early-stage cellular response to stress stimuli in both physiological and pathological situations. It is thought that the promotion of autophagy flux prevents host cells from subsequent injuries by removing damaged organelles and misfolded proteins. As a correlate, the modulation of autophagy is suggested as a therapeutic approach in diverse pathological conditions. Accumulated evidence suggests that intermittent fasting or calorie restriction can lead to the induction of adaptive autophagy and increase longevity of eukaryotic cells. However, prolonged calorie restriction with excessive autophagy response is harmful and can stimulate a type II autophagic cell death. Despite the existence of a close relationship between calorie deprivation and autophagic response in different cell types, the precise molecular mechanisms associated with this phenomenon remain unclear. Here, we aimed to highlight the possible effects of prolonged and short-term calorie restriction on autophagic response and cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Shabkhizan
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanya Haiaty
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Sadat Moslehian
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Bazmani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghsoltani
- Student Committee Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Advanced Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Sakhinia
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Teofilović A, Vratarić M, Veličković N, Vojnović Milutinović D, Mladenovic A, Prvulovic M, Djordjevic A. Late-Onset Calorie Restriction Improves Lipid Metabolism and Aggravates Inflammation in the Liver of Old Wistar Rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:899255. [PMID: 35677539 PMCID: PMC9168317 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.899255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a progressive process that could disturb metabolic homeostasis in the liver via ectopic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and deterioration of inflammatory response. Although calorie restriction (CR) is recognized as beneficial for life span and health span prolongation, it is still unclear how late-onset CR, characterized by late beginning and short duration, affects age-related processes. The aim of this study was to examine how late-onset CR-induced metabolic adjustments impact lipid status and inflammation in the liver of old rats. The experiments were conducted on aging male Wistar rats fed ad libitum (AL) or exposed to late-onset CR (60% of AL daily intake) from 21st to 24th month. The results showed that late-onset CR reduces body weight, visceral adipose tissue and liver mass, and triglyceride levels when compared to old animals on AL diet. The ameliorating effects of CR on lipid metabolism include increased activity of AMP-activated protein kinase, suppressed de novo fatty acid synthesis, stimulated β-oxidation, decreased lipotoxicity, and limited triglyceride synthesis and packaging in the liver. Restricted diet regime, however, does not improve expression of antioxidant enzymes, although it leads to progression of age-related inflammation in the liver, partially through lower corticosterone concentration and decreased activation of glucocorticoid receptor. In conclusion, late-onset CR is able to restore age-related imbalance of lipid metabolism in the liver, but has a negative impact on hepatic inflammatory status, implying that the type of diet for older individuals must be balanced and chosen carefully with appropriate duration and start point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teofilović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Ana Teofilović,
| | - Miloš Vratarić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Veličković
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Mladenovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Prvulovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Milton LK, Patton T, O'Keeffe M, Oldfield BJ, Foldi CJ. In pursuit of biomarkers for predicting susceptibility to activity-based anorexia in adolescent female rats. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:664-677. [PMID: 35302253 PMCID: PMC9311799 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying risk factors that contribute to the development of anorexia nervosa (AN) is critical for the implementation of early intervention strategies. Anxiety, obsessive-compulsive behavior, and immune dysfunction may be involved in the development of AN; however, their direct influence on susceptibility to the condition remains unclear. Here, we used the activity-based anorexia (ABA) model to examine whether activity, anxiety-like behavior, compulsive behavior, and circulating immune markers predict the subsequent development of pathological weight loss. METHOD Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 44) underwent behavioral testing before exposure to ABA conditions after which they were separated into susceptible and resistant subpopulations. Blood was sampled before behavioral testing and after recovery from ABA to screen for proinflammatory cytokines. RESULTS Rats that were vulnerable to pathological weight loss differed significantly from resistant rats on all key ABA parameters. While the primary measures of anxiety-like or compulsive behavior were not shown to predict vulnerability to ABA, increased locomotion and anxiety-like behavior were both associated with the extent of weight loss in susceptible but not resistant animals. Moreover, the change in expression of proinflammatory markers IL-4 and IL-6 evoked by ABA was associated with discrete vulnerability factors. Intriguingly, behavior related to risk assessment was shown to predict vulnerability to ABA. DISCUSSION We did not find undisputable behavioral or immune predictors of susceptibility to pathological weight loss in the ABA rat model. Future research should examine the role of cognition in the development of ABA, dysfunction of which may represent an endophenotype linking anorectic, anxiety-like and compulsive behavior. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Anorexia nervosa (AN) has among the highest mortality rates of all psychiatric disorders and treatment options remain limited in their efficacy. Understanding what types of risk factors contribute to the development of AN is essential for implementing early intervention strategies. This study describes how some of the most common psychological features of AN could be used to predict susceptibility to pathological weight loss in a well-established animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Karina Milton
- Department of PhysiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Timothy Patton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneElizabethVictoriaAustralia
| | - Meredith O'Keeffe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Brian John Oldfield
- Department of PhysiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Claire Jennifer Foldi
- Department of PhysiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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4
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Rathwa N, Parmar N, Palit SP, Patel R, Bhaskaran RS, Ramachandran AV, Begum R. Calorie restriction potentiates the therapeutic potential of GABA in managing type 2 diabetes in a mouse model. Life Sci 2022; 295:120382. [PMID: 35143826 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional adipocytes/β-cells advance type 2 diabetes (T2D). Calorie restriction (CR) improves insulin sensitivity and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, while γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) exerts regenerative effects. The impact of therapies was assessed by a high-fat diet (HFD) + streptozotocin (STZ) induced T2D mouse model. The mice were fed a CR diet (30% reduction of HFD) and treated with GABA (2.5 mg/kg i.p) for 5 weeks. Standard protocols were used to assess metabolic parameters. The mRNA expression was monitored by SYBR Green-qPCR in the targeted tissues. Oxygen consumption rate in the mitochondrial complexes was evaluated by oxytherm clark-type oxygen electrode. Pancreatic β-cell regeneration and apoptosis were analysed by immunohistochemistry. CR + GABA combination therapy showed improved metabolic parameters compared to the monotherapies. We have observed improved transcript levels of G6Pase, PEPCK, Glycogen Phosphorylase, GLUT2 and GCK in liver; ACC and ATGL in adipose tissue. Also increased SIRT-1, PGC-1α and TFAM expression; up-regulated mitochondrial complexes I-III activities were observed. We have seen increased BrdU/Insulin and PDX1/Ngn3/Insulin co-positive cells in CR + GABA treated group with a reduction in apoptotic marker (TUNEL/Insulin co-positive cells). Our results indicate that CR in combination with GABA ameliorates T2D in HFD + STZ treated mice by GABA induced β-cell regeneration, and CR mediated insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirali Rathwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Nishant Parmar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Sayantani Pramanik Palit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Roma Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Ravi Sankar Bhaskaran
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM P.G. Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600113, TamilNadu, India
| | - A V Ramachandran
- Division of Life Science, School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara 391410, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India.
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5
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Igwe O, Sone M, Matveychuk D, Baker GB, Dursun SM. A review of effects of calorie restriction and fasting with potential relevance to depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110206. [PMID: 33316333 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in the effects of calorie reduction (calorie restriction) and fasting on depression. In the current paper, we have reviewed the literature in this area, with discussion of the possible neurobiological mechanisms involved in calorie restriction and intermittent fasting. Factors which may play a role in the effects of these dietary manipulations on health include changes involving free fatty acids, ketone bodies, neurotransmitters, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cytokines, orexin, ghrelin, leptin, reactive oxygen species and autophagy. Several of these factors are potential contributors to improving symptoms of depression. Challenges encountered in research on calorie restriction and intermittent fasting are also discussed. Although much is now known about the acute effects of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, further long term clinical studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogechi Igwe
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mari Sone
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dmitriy Matveychuk
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Glen B Baker
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Serdar M Dursun
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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6
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Ealey KN, Phillips J, Sung HK. COVID-19 and obesity: fighting two pandemics with intermittent fasting. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:706-720. [PMID: 34275726 PMCID: PMC8226104 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is strongly and independently associated with an increased risk of severe illness and death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathophysiological changes that result from elevated body weight lead to metabolic dysfunction, chronic inflammation, impaired immunological responses, and multisystem disorders, which increase vulnerability to severe illness from COVID-19. While vaccination strategies are under way across the world, the second and third waves of the pandemic, along with the emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains, continue to threaten the stability of medical systems worldwide. Furthermore, evidence from previous pandemics suggests that vaccines are less effective in obese individuals than in their healthy-weight counterparts over the long term. Therefore, a consideration of lifestyle changes that can boost metabolic health and immunity is critical to reduce the risk of complications and severe illness from viral infection. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms linking excess body weight with COVID-19 morbidity. We also present evidence that intermittent fasting (IF), a dietary program that has gained popularity in recent years, may be an effective strategy to improve metabolic health and immunity and thus reduce the impact of obesity on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kafi N Ealey
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Joy Phillips
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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7
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Long-term chronic caloric restriction alters miRNA profiles in the brain of ageing mice. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:641-652. [PMID: 33823947 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) has been shown to be one of the most effective methods in alleviating the effects of ageing and age-related diseases. Although the protective effects of CR have been reported, the exact molecular mechanism still needs to be clarified. This study aims to determine differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and altered gene pathways due to long-term chronic (CCR) and intermittent (ICR) CR in the brain of mice to understand the preventive roles of miRNAs resulting from long-term CR. Ten weeks old mice were enrolled into three different dietary groups; ad libitum, CCR or ICR, and fed until 82 weeks of age. miRNAs were analysed using GeneChip 4.1 microarray and the target of DE miRNAs was determined using miRNA target databases. Out of a total 3,163 analysed miRNAs, 55 of them were differentially expressed either by different CR protocols or by ageing. Brain samples from the CCR group had increased expression levels of mmu-miR-713 while decreasing expression levels of mmu-miR-184-3p and mmu-miR-351-5p compared to the other dietary groups. Also, current results indicated that CCR showed better preventive effects than that of ICR. Thus, CCR may perform its protective effects by modulating these specific miRNAs since they are shown to play roles in neurogenesis, chromatin and histone regulation. In conclusion, these three miRNAs could be potential targets for neurodegenerative and ageing-related diseases and may play important roles in the protective effects of CR in the brain.
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8
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Pisano C, Polisano D, Balistreri CR, Altieri C, Nardi P, Bertoldo F, Trombetti D, Asta L, Ferrante MS, Buioni D, Foti C, Ruvolo G. Role of Cachexia and Fragility in the Patient Candidate for Cardiac Surgery. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020517. [PMID: 33562449 PMCID: PMC7915488 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is the major expression of accelerated aging and describes a decreased resistance to stressors, and consequently an increased vulnerability to additional diseases in elderly people. The vascular aging related to frail phenotype reflects the high susceptibility for cardiovascular diseases and negative postoperative outcomes after cardiac surgery. Sarcopenia can be considered a biological substrate of physical frailty. Malnutrition and physical inactivity play a key role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. We searched on Medline (PubMed) and Scopus for relevant literature published over the last 10 years and analyzed the strong correlation between frailty, sarcopenia and cardiovascular diseases in elderly patient. In our opinion, a right food intake and moderate intensity resistance exercise are mandatory in order to better prepare patients undergoing cardiac operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calogera Pisano
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (P.N.); (F.B.); (D.T.); (L.A.); (M.S.F.); (D.B.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-328-329-7692; Fax: +39-(06)-2090-3538
| | - Daniele Polisano
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Claudia Altieri
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (P.N.); (F.B.); (D.T.); (L.A.); (M.S.F.); (D.B.); (G.R.)
| | - Paolo Nardi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (P.N.); (F.B.); (D.T.); (L.A.); (M.S.F.); (D.B.); (G.R.)
| | - Fabio Bertoldo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (P.N.); (F.B.); (D.T.); (L.A.); (M.S.F.); (D.B.); (G.R.)
| | - Daniele Trombetti
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (P.N.); (F.B.); (D.T.); (L.A.); (M.S.F.); (D.B.); (G.R.)
| | - Laura Asta
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (P.N.); (F.B.); (D.T.); (L.A.); (M.S.F.); (D.B.); (G.R.)
| | - Maria Sabrina Ferrante
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (P.N.); (F.B.); (D.T.); (L.A.); (M.S.F.); (D.B.); (G.R.)
| | - Dario Buioni
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (P.N.); (F.B.); (D.T.); (L.A.); (M.S.F.); (D.B.); (G.R.)
| | - Calogero Foti
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Giovanni Ruvolo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (P.N.); (F.B.); (D.T.); (L.A.); (M.S.F.); (D.B.); (G.R.)
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9
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Dogan S, Cicekdal MB, Ozorhan U, Karabiyik G, Kazan BT, Ekici ID, Yilmaz B, Demirel PB, Coban I, Tuysuz EC, Kuskucu A, Bayrak OF, Cleary MP, Tuna BG. Roles of adiponectin and leptin signaling-related microRNAs in the preventive effects of calorie restriction in mammary tumor development. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:866-876. [PMID: 33493087 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) is suggested to prevent the development of mammary tumors (MTs); however, the mechanism remains to be clarified. We aimed to determine the microRNA (miRNA) profile in mice applied to 2 different CR protocols; chronic (CCR) and intermittent (ICR) and follow the MT development. In addition, the roles of miRNAs involved in adiponectin and/or leptin signaling pathways were investigated. Mice were divided into 3 groups: ad-libitum (AL), CCR, or ICR, which comprised 3 weeks of AL feeding followed by 1 week of 60% CR in a cyclic manner. Blood and tissue collection were performed at weeks 10, 17/18, 49/50 and 81/82. Long-term CCR provided better protection compared with ICR for MT development with a delay in the MT occurrence. Adiponectin expression in mammary fat pad were significantly higher in CCR group compared with AL. Using GeneChip Array, 250 of 3195 miRNAs were differentially expressed among the dietary groups. Thirteen of 250 miRNAs were related to adiponectin and/or leptin signaling genes. Results were verified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Specifically, miR-326-3p, miR-500-3p and miR-129-5p, which are related to adiponectin and/or leptin signaling, may play important roles in the preventive effects of CR in MT development and in ageing. Thus, these miRNAs might be putative biomarkers to target for diagnostic and treatment purposes. Novelty: Type of CR and micro RNA interaction is related to ageing. miR-326-3p, miR-500-3p and miR-129-5p expression levels were differentially expressed in MT development and in ageing. The genes associated with adiponectin and/or leptin signaling pathways are regulated by certain miRNAs in the protective effects of CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Dogan
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Munevver B Cicekdal
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Umit Ozorhan
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Goktug Karabiyik
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra T Kazan
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Isin D Ekici
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar B Demirel
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Maltepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilker Coban
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Can Tuysuz
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aysegul Kuskucu
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer F Bayrak
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Margot P Cleary
- Hormel Institute Medical Research Center, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Bilge G Tuna
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Calibasi-Kocal G, Mashinchian O, Basbinar Y, Ellidokuz E, Cheng CW, Yilmaz ÖH. Nutritional Control of Intestinal Stem Cells in Homeostasis and Tumorigenesis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:20-35. [PMID: 33277157 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food and nutrition have a profound impact on organismal health and diseases, and tissue-specific adult stem cells play a crucial role in coordinating tissue maintenance by responding to dietary cues. Emerging evidence indicates that adult intestinal stem cells (ISCs) actively adjust their fate decisions in response to diets and nutritional states to drive intestinal adaptation. Here, we review the signaling mechanisms mediating the dietary responses imposed by caloric intake and nutritional composition (i.e., macronutrients and micronutrients), fasting-feeding patterns, diet-induced growth factors, and microbiota on ISCs and their relevance to the beginnings of intestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Calibasi-Kocal
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Omid Mashinchian
- Nestlé Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yasemin Basbinar
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ender Ellidokuz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Chia-Wei Cheng
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Departments of Pathology, Gastroenterology, and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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11
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Deligiorgi MV, Liapi C, Trafalis DT. How Far Are We from Prescribing Fasting as Anticancer Medicine? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239175. [PMID: 33271979 PMCID: PMC7730661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: the present review provides a comprehensive and up-to date overview of the potential exploitation of fasting as an anticancer strategy. The rationale for this concept is that fasting elicits a differential stress response in the setting of unfavorable conditions, empowering the survival of normal cells, while killing cancer cells. (2) Methods: the present narrative review presents the basic aspects of the hormonal, molecular, and cellular response to fasting, focusing on the interrelationship of fasting with oxidative stress. It also presents nonclinical and clinical evidence concerning the implementation of fasting as adjuvant to chemotherapy, highlighting current challenges and future perspectives. (3) Results: there is ample nonclinical evidence indicating that fasting can mitigate the toxicity of chemotherapy and/or increase the efficacy of chemotherapy. The relevant clinical research is encouraging, albeit still in its infancy. The path forward for implementing fasting in oncology is a personalized approach, entailing counteraction of current challenges, including: (i) patient selection; (ii) fasting patterns; (iii) timeline of fasting and refeeding; (iv) validation of biomarkers for assessment of fasting; and (v) establishment of protocols for patients’ monitoring. (4) Conclusion: prescribing fasting as anticancer medicine may not be far away if large randomized clinical trials consolidate its safety and efficacy.
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12
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Hannan MA, Rahman MA, Rahman MS, Sohag AAM, Dash R, Hossain KS, Farjana M, Uddin MJ. Intermittent fasting, a possible priming tool for host defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection: Crosstalk among calorie restriction, autophagy and immune response. Immunol Lett 2020; 226:38-45. [PMID: 32659267 PMCID: PMC7351063 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative pathogen of deadly Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, which emerged as a major threat to public health across the world. Although there is no clear gender or socioeconomic discrimination in the incidence of COVID-19, individuals who are older adults and/or with comorbidities and compromised immunity have a relatively higher risk of contracting this disease. Since no specific drug has yet been discovered, strengthening immunity along with maintaining a healthy living is the best way to survive this disease. As a healthy practice, calorie restriction in the form of intermittent fasting (IF) in several clinical settings has been reported to promote several health benefits, including priming of the immune response. This dietary restriction also activates autophagy, a cell surveillance system that boosts up immunity. With these prevailing significance in priming host defense, IF could be a potential strategy amid this outbreak to fighting off SARS-CoV-2 infection. Currently, no review so far available proposing IF as an encouraging strategy in the prevention of COVID-19. A comprehensive review has therefore been planned to highlight the beneficial role of fasting in immunity and autophagy, that underlie the possible defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The COVID-19 pathogenesis and its impact on host immune response have also been briefly outlined. This review aimed at revisiting the immunomodulatory potential of IF that may constitute a promising preventive approach against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdul Hannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh,ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh,Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh,Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea,Global Biotechnology & Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Dept. of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saidur Rahman
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh,Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Khandkar Shaharina Hossain
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh,Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Mithila Farjana
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh,Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Caloric Restriction-Common Pathways Affecting Metabolism, Health, and Longevity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071708. [PMID: 32708786 PMCID: PMC7407644 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is a traditional but scientifically verified approach to promoting health and increasing lifespan. CR exerts its effects through multiple molecular pathways that trigger major metabolic adaptations. It influences key nutrient and energy-sensing pathways including mammalian target of rapamycin, Sirtuin 1, AMP-activated protein kinase, and insulin signaling, ultimately resulting in reductions in basic metabolic rate, inflammation, and oxidative stress, as well as increased autophagy and mitochondrial efficiency. CR shares multiple overlapping pathways with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), particularly in energy metabolism and inflammation. Consequently, several lines of evidence suggest that PPARs might be indispensable for beneficial outcomes related to CR. In this review, we present the available evidence for the interconnection between CR and PPARs, highlighting their shared pathways and analyzing their interaction. We also discuss the possible contributions of PPARs to the effects of CR on whole organism outcomes.
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Castejón M, Plaza A, Martinez-Romero J, Fernandez-Marcos PJ, de Cabo R, Diaz-Ruiz A. Energy Restriction and Colorectal Cancer: A Call for Additional Research. Nutrients 2020; 12:E114. [PMID: 31906264 PMCID: PMC7019819 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
: Colorectal cancer has the second highest cancer-related mortality rate, with an estimated 881,000 deaths worldwide in 2018. The urgent need to reduce the incidence and mortality rate requires innovative strategies to improve prevention, early diagnosis, prognostic biomarkers, and treatment effectiveness. Caloric restriction (CR) is known as the most robust nutritional intervention that extends lifespan and delays the progression of age-related diseases, with remarkable results for cancer protection. Other forms of energy restriction, such as periodic fasting, intermittent fasting, or fasting-mimicking diets, with or without reduction of total calorie intake, recapitulate the effects of chronic CR and confer a wide range of beneficial effects towards health and survival, including anti-cancer properties. In this review, the known molecular, cellular, and organismal effects of energy restriction in oncology will be discussed. Energy-restriction-based strategies implemented in colorectal models and clinical trials will be also revised. While energy restriction constitutes a promising intervention for the prevention and treatment of several malignant neoplasms, further investigations are essential to dissect the interplay between fundamental aspects of energy intake, such as feeding patterns, fasting length, or diet composition, with all of them influencing health and disease or cancer effects. Currently, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of different forms of fasting to fight cancer, particularly colorectal cancer, should still be contemplated with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Castejón
- Nutritional Interventions Group, Precision Nutrition and Aging Program, Institute IMDEA Food (CEI UAM+CSIC), Crta. de Canto Blanco nº 8, E-28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (R.d.C.)
| | - Adrian Plaza
- Bioactive Products and Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, Precision Nutrition and Aging Program, Institute IMDEA Food (CEI UAM+CSIC), Crta. de Canto Blanco nº 8, E-28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.); (P.J.F.-M.)
| | - Jorge Martinez-Romero
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Institute IMDEA Food (CEI, UAM/CSIC), Crta. de Canto Blanco nº 8, E-28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Pablo Jose Fernandez-Marcos
- Bioactive Products and Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, Precision Nutrition and Aging Program, Institute IMDEA Food (CEI UAM+CSIC), Crta. de Canto Blanco nº 8, E-28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.); (P.J.F.-M.)
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Nutritional Interventions Group, Precision Nutrition and Aging Program, Institute IMDEA Food (CEI UAM+CSIC), Crta. de Canto Blanco nº 8, E-28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (R.d.C.)
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Alberto Diaz-Ruiz
- Nutritional Interventions Group, Precision Nutrition and Aging Program, Institute IMDEA Food (CEI UAM+CSIC), Crta. de Canto Blanco nº 8, E-28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (R.d.C.)
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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15
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Almeneessier AS, BaHammam AA, Alzoghaibi M, Olaish AH, Nashwan SZ, BaHammam AS. The effects of diurnal intermittent fasting on proinflammatory cytokine levels while controlling for sleep/wake pattern, meal composition and energy expenditure. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226034. [PMID: 31821377 PMCID: PMC6903761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to assess the effect of diurnal intermittent fasting (DIF) during and outside of the month of Ramadan on plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, while controlling for sleep/wake pattern, sleep length and quality, meal composition, energy consumption and expenditure, and light exposure. DIF outside of the month of Ramadan was performed to evaluate the effect of DIF in the absence of the way of life accompanying Ramadan. Methods Twelve healthy male volunteers with a mean age of 25.1 ± 2.5 years arrived to the sleep laboratory on 4 times: 1) adaptation, 5 weeks before Ramadan; 2) 4 weeks before Ramadan while performing DIF for 1 week (fasting outside of Ramadan; FOR); 3) 1 week before Ramadan (non-fasting baseline; non-fasting BL); and 4) After completing 2 weeks of Ramadan while performing DIF. Plasma levels of cytokines were assessed using enzyme-linked immunoassays at 22:00, 02:00, 04:00, 06:00, and 11:00. Results During DIF, there was a significant decrease in the levels of cytokines, particularly, IL-1β and IL-6, in most measurements compared to non-fasting BL. This reduction was more obvious during the FOR period. There were no significant changes in the circadian phase of the measured cytokines reflected by the acrophase of the measured variables during fasting (FOR and Ramadan) compared to non-fasting BL. Conclusion Under controlled conditions, DIF led to significantly decreased plasma levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8), particularly IL-1β and IL-6 across 24 h. DIF had no effect on the circadian patterns of the measured cytokines as shown by cosinor analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljohara S. Almeneessier
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Sau University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. BaHammam
- King Abdulaziz & his companies Foundation for giftedness & creativity, Manarat Al Riyadh School, Ministry of Education, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alzoghaibi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad H. Olaish
- University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Sau University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Z. Nashwan
- University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Sau University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. BaHammam
- University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Sau University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- The Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation, Saudi Arabia (MED511-02-08), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
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16
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Timing of Calorie Restriction in Mice Impacts Host Metabolic Phenotype with Correlative Changes in Gut Microbiota. mSystems 2019; 4:4/6/e00348-19. [PMID: 31796564 PMCID: PMC6890928 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00348-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant feeding patterns whereby people eat more frequently throughout the day and with a bias toward late-night eating are prevalent in society today. However, whether restriction of food to daytime in comparison to nighttime, coupled with restricted calorie intake, can influence gut microbiota, metabolism, and overall health requires further investigation. We surveyed the effects of the shift in feeding time on gut microbiota and metabolic phenotype in calorie-restricted mice and found that avoiding eating during the rest period may generate more beneficial effects in mice. This work strengthens the evidence for using “when to eat” as an intervention to improve health during calorie restriction. Calorie restriction (CR) is accompanied by self-imposed daily restriction of food intake and an extended fasting period between meals. The impact of restricting feeding to the dark or light phase on the effects of CR remains elusive. Here, light-fed CR mice showed physiological changes, such as muscle loss, concomitant with changes in the gut microbiota structure and composition. After switching to ad libitum access to food, light-fed mice had a period of food-craving behavior and short-lived physiological changes, while dark-fed mice displayed lasting changes in fat accumulation, glucose metabolism, intestinal barrier function, and systemic inflammatory markers. Moreover, the gut microbiota was modulated by when the food was consumed, and the most abundant Lactobacillus operational taxonomic unit (OTU) promoted by CR was enhanced in dark-fed mice. After switching to ad libitum feeding, the gut microbiota of dark-fed mice returned to the state resembling that of mice fed normal chow ad libitum, but that of light-fed mice was still significantly different from the other two groups. Together, these data indicate that for CR, restricting food consumption to the active phase brought better metabolic phenotype associated with potentially beneficial structural shifts in the gut microbiota. IMPORTANCE Aberrant feeding patterns whereby people eat more frequently throughout the day and with a bias toward late-night eating are prevalent in society today. However, whether restriction of food to daytime in comparison to nighttime, coupled with restricted calorie intake, can influence gut microbiota, metabolism, and overall health requires further investigation. We surveyed the effects of the shift in feeding time on gut microbiota and metabolic phenotype in calorie-restricted mice and found that avoiding eating during the rest period may generate more beneficial effects in mice. This work strengthens the evidence for using “when to eat” as an intervention to improve health during calorie restriction.
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17
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Cicekdal MB, Tuna BG, Charehsaz M, Cleary MP, Aydin A, Dogan S. Effects of long‐term intermittent versus chronic calorie restriction on oxidative stress in a mouse cancer model. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1973-1985. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munevver B. Cicekdal
- Department of Medical BiologyYeditepe University, School of Medicine Istanbul Turkey
| | - Bilge G. Tuna
- Department of BiophysicsYeditepe University, School of Medicine Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mohammad Charehsaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical ToxicologyYeditepe University, School of Pharmacy Istanbul Turkey
| | - Margot P. Cleary
- Hormel Institute Medical Research CenterUniversity of Minnesota Austin Minnesota
| | - Ahmet Aydin
- Department of Pharmaceutical ToxicologyYeditepe University, School of Pharmacy Istanbul Turkey
| | - Soner Dogan
- Department of Medical BiologyYeditepe University, School of Medicine Istanbul Turkey
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18
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Naismith E, Pangrazzi L. The impact of oxidative stress, inflammation, and senescence on the maintenance of immunological memory in the bone marrow in old age. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190371. [PMID: 31018996 PMCID: PMC6522741 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) provides a preferential survival environment for the long-term maintenance of antigen-experienced adaptive immune cells. After the contact with antigens, effector/memory T cells and plasma cell precursors migrate to the BM, in which they can survive within survival niches in an antigen-independent manner. Despite this, the phenotype of adaptive immune cells changes with aging, and BM niches themselves are affected, leading to impaired long-term maintenance of immunological memory in the elderly as a result. Oxidative stress, age-related inflammation (inflammaging), and cellular senescence appear to play a major role in this process. This review will summarize the age-related changes in T and B cell phenotype, and in the BM niches, discussing the possibility that the accumulation of highly differentiated, senescent-like T cells in the BM during aging may cause inflammation in the BM and promote oxidative stress and senescence. In addition, senescent-like T cells may compete for space with other immune cells within the marrow, partially excluding effector/memory T cells and long-lived plasma cells from the niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Naismith
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luca Pangrazzi
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck, Austria
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19
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Roles of Adiponectin Signaling Related Proteins in Mammary Tumor Development. SOUTHERN CLINICS OF ISTANBUL EURASIA 2019; 30:290-295. [PMID: 32215366 PMCID: PMC7094815 DOI: 10.14744/less.2019.85688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to investigate the expression levels of adiponectin signaling related proteins in mammary tissue, liver and breast cancer tissue in mice. Adiponectin, an adipocytokine, is secreted from adipose tissue and has been documented to have roles in diabetes, inflammation, and cancer development. In particular, levels of serum adiponectin are inversely associated with obesity and a decrease in serum adiponectin levels have been reported to be associated with breast cancer. There are two adiponectin receptor subtypes, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, which have been identified in mammalian tissues, including human cancer cell lines and also in human mammary tumors. However, the role of adiponectin receptors in breast cancer development remains to be established. Methods In this study, MMTV-TGF-α transgenic mice were fed from week 10 up to week 74 of age. Expression levels of adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 proteins were measured in the mammary fat pad (MFP), mammary tumor (MT) and liver tissues from 74 weeks old MMTV-TGF-α transgenic mice with and without MT using Western Blot. Adiponectin levels were measured using ELISA assay. Results Protein expression levels of Adiponectin and AdipoR1 were significantly lower in MTs compared to control tissues. However, AdipoR2 protein expression levels were similar in MT and MFP tissues from MT-positive and MT-negative mice. The expression levels of adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 proteins in liver tissues were also similar in MT-positive and MT-negative mice. Serum adiponectin levels of the MT-positive and MT-negative mice were similar. Conclusion These results indicate that adiponectin and its receptors are differentially regulated depending upon the specific tissue analyzed. AdipoR1 and adiponectin may play important roles in MT development.
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20
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Cardoso AL, Fernandes A, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, de Angelis MH, Guedes JR, Brito MA, Ortolano S, Pani G, Athanasopoulou S, Gonos ES, Schosserer M, Grillari J, Peterson P, Tuna BG, Dogan S, Meyer A, van Os R, Trendelenburg AU. Towards frailty biomarkers: Candidates from genes and pathways regulated in aging and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:214-277. [PMID: 30071357 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Use of the frailty index to measure an accumulation of deficits has been proven a valuable method for identifying elderly people at risk for increased vulnerability, disease, injury, and mortality. However, complementary molecular frailty biomarkers or ideally biomarker panels have not yet been identified. We conducted a systematic search to identify biomarker candidates for a frailty biomarker panel. METHODS Gene expression databases were searched (http://genomics.senescence.info/genes including GenAge, AnAge, LongevityMap, CellAge, DrugAge, Digital Aging Atlas) to identify genes regulated in aging, longevity, and age-related diseases with a focus on secreted factors or molecules detectable in body fluids as potential frailty biomarkers. Factors broadly expressed, related to several "hallmark of aging" pathways as well as used or predicted as biomarkers in other disease settings, particularly age-related pathologies, were identified. This set of biomarkers was further expanded according to the expertise and experience of the authors. In the next step, biomarkers were assigned to six "hallmark of aging" pathways, namely (1) inflammation, (2) mitochondria and apoptosis, (3) calcium homeostasis, (4) fibrosis, (5) NMJ (neuromuscular junction) and neurons, (6) cytoskeleton and hormones, or (7) other principles and an extensive literature search was performed for each candidate to explore their potential and priority as frailty biomarkers. RESULTS A total of 44 markers were evaluated in the seven categories listed above, and 19 were awarded a high priority score, 22 identified as medium priority and three were low priority. In each category high and medium priority markers were identified. CONCLUSION Biomarker panels for frailty would be of high value and better than single markers. Based on our search we would propose a core panel of frailty biomarkers consisting of (1) CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10), IL-6 (interleukin 6), CX3CL1 (C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1), (2) GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15), FNDC5 (fibronectin type III domain containing 5), vimentin (VIM), (3) regucalcin (RGN/SMP30), calreticulin, (4) PLAU (plasminogen activator, urokinase), AGT (angiotensinogen), (5) BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor), progranulin (PGRN), (6) α-klotho (KL), FGF23 (fibroblast growth factor 23), FGF21, leptin (LEP), (7) miRNA (micro Ribonucleic acid) panel (to be further defined), AHCY (adenosylhomocysteinase) and KRT18 (keratin 18). An expanded panel would also include (1) pentraxin (PTX3), sVCAM/ICAM (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1/Intercellular adhesion molecule 1), defensin α, (2) APP (amyloid beta precursor protein), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), (3) S100B (S100 calcium binding protein B), (4) TGFβ (transforming growth factor beta), PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1), TGM2 (transglutaminase 2), (5) sRAGE (soluble receptor for advanced glycosylation end products), HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1), C3/C1Q (complement factor 3/1Q), ST2 (Interleukin 1 receptor like 1), agrin (AGRN), (6) IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1), resistin (RETN), adiponectin (ADIPOQ), ghrelin (GHRL), growth hormone (GH), (7) microparticle panel (to be further defined), GpnmB (glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B) and lactoferrin (LTF). We believe that these predicted panels need to be experimentally explored in animal models and frail cohorts in order to ascertain their diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential.
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Ray A. Cancer and comorbidity: The role of leptin in breast cancer and associated pathologies. World J Clin Cases 2018; 6:483-492. [PMID: 30397604 PMCID: PMC6212611 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i12.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer and also a poor prognostic factor among cancer patients. Moreover, obesity is associated with a number of health disorders such as insulin resistance/type-2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. Frequently, these health disorders exhibit as components/complications of the metabolic syndrome. Nevertheless, obesity-related diseases may coexist with postmenopausal breast cancer; and these comorbid conditions could be substantial. Therefore, it may be assumed that different diseases including breast cancer could originate from a common pathological background in excessive adipose tissue. Adipocyte-released hormone-like cytokine (or adipokine) leptin behaves differently in a normal healthy state and obesity. A growing body of evidence suggests an important role of leptin in our major obesity-related health issues such as insulin resistance, hypertension, and neoplasia. In this context, this review describes the relationships of the abovementioned pathologies with leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabha Ray
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Seton Hill University, Greensburg, PA 15601, United State
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Pinotti MF, Matias AM, Sugizaki MM, Nascimento AFD, Pai MD, Leopoldo APL, Cicogna AC, Leopoldo AS. Fasting/Refeeding Cycles Prevent Myocardial Dysfunction and Morphology Damage in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Arq Bras Cardiol 2018; 111:400-409. [PMID: 30133552 PMCID: PMC6173345 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caloric restriction is known to impair the cardiac function and morphology in
hypertrophied hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR); however, the
influence of fasting/refeeding (RF) is unknown. Objective To investigate the fasting/refeeding approach on myocardial remodeling and
function. In addition, the current study was designed to bring information
regarding the mechanisms underlying the participation of Ca2+
handling and β-adrenergic system. Methods Sixty-day-old male SHR rats were submitted to food ad
libitum (C), 50% food restriction (R50) or RF cycles
for 90 days. Cardiac remodeling was assessed by ultrastructure analysis and
isolated papillary muscle function. The level of significance considered was
5% (α = 0.05). Results The RF rats presented lower cardiac atrophy than R50 in relation
to C rats. The C rats increased weight gain, R50 maintained their
initial body weight and RF rats increased and decreased weight during RF.
The RF did not cause functional impairment because the isotonic and
isometric parameters showed similar behavior to those of C. The isotonic and
isometric cardiac parameters were significantly elevated in RF rats compared
to R50 rats. In addition, the R50 rats had cardiac
damage in relation to C for isotonic and isometric variables. While the
R50 rats showed focal changes in many muscle fibers, the RF
rats displayed mild alterations, such as loss or disorganization of
myofibrils. Conclusion Fasting/refeeding promotes cardiac beneficial effects and attenuates
myocardial injury caused by caloric restriction in SHR rats, contributing to
reduce the cardiovascular risk profile and morphological injuries.
Furthermore, RF promotes mild improvement in Ca2+ handling and
β-adrenergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Fécchio Pinotti
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP - Brazil
| | - Amanda Martins Matias
- Departamento de Desportos, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES - Brazil
| | | | | | - Maeli Dal Pai
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP - Brazil.,Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biosciências da Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lima Leopoldo
- Departamento de Desportos, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES - Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Cicogna
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP - Brazil
| | - André Soares Leopoldo
- Departamento de Desportos, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES - Brazil
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23
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Pan F, Zhang L, Li M, Hu Y, Zeng B, Yuan H, Zhao L, Zhang C. Predominant gut Lactobacillus murinus strain mediates anti-inflammaging effects in calorie-restricted mice. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:54. [PMID: 29562943 PMCID: PMC5863386 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calorie restriction (CR), which has a potent anti-inflammaging effect, has been demonstrated to induce dramatic changes in the gut microbiota. Whether the modulated gut microbiota contributes to the attenuation of inflammation during CR is unknown, as are the members of the microbial community that may be key mediators of this process. RESULTS Here, we report that a unique Lactobacillus-predominated microbial community was rapidly attained in mice within 2 weeks of CR, which decreased the levels of circulating microbial antigens and systemic inflammatory markers such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Lactobacillus murinus CR147, an isolate in the most abundant operational taxonomic unit (OTU) enriched by CR, downregulated interleukin-8 production in TNF-α-stimulated Caco-2 cells and significantly increased the lifespan and the brood size of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In gnotobiotic mice colonized with the gut microbiota from old mice, this strain decreased their intestinal permeability and serum endotoxin load, consequently attenuating the inflammation induced by the old microbiota. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that a strain of Lactobacillus murinus was promoted in CR mice and causatively contributed to the attenuation of ageing-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Liying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Yingxin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Benhua Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Huijuan Yuan
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan Province China
| | - Liping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Chenhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
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Transcriptome Analysis of the Thymus in Short-Term Calorie-Restricted Mice Using RNA-seq. Int J Genomics 2018; 2018:7647980. [PMID: 29511668 PMCID: PMC5817327 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7647980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR), which is a factor that expands lifespan and an important player in immune response, is an effective protective method against cancer development. Thymus, which plays a critical role in the development of the immune system, reacts to nutrition deficiency quickly. RNA-seq-based transcriptome sequencing was performed to thymus tissues of MMTV-TGF-α mice subjected to ad libitum (AL), chronic calorie restriction (CCR), and intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) diets in this study. Three cDNA libraries were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq™ 4000 to produce 100 base pair-end reads. On average, 105 million clean reads were mapped and in total 6091 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (p < 0.05). These DEGs were clustered into Gene Ontology (GO) categories. The expression pattern revealed by RNA-seq was validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis of four important genes, which are leptin, ghrelin, Igf1, and adinopectin. RNA-seq data has been deposited in NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE95371). We report the use of RNA sequencing to find DEGs that are affected by different feeding regimes in the thymus.
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