1
|
Girón-Pérez DA, Espinoza-Gonzalez HD, Murillo Cisneros JA, Covantes-Rosales CE, Toledo-Ibarra GA, Díaz-Resendiz KJG, Barcelos-García RG, Benitez-Trinidad AB, Girón-Pérez MI. Diazoxon exposure increases susceptibility to infection by Salmonella Typhimurium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38842028 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2363475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Various exogenous factors, such as microbiological and chemical contamination condition food security. Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is the cause of salmonellosis. This bacterium utilizes phagocytosis to create bacterial reservoirs. On the other hand, exposure to chemical contaminants, such as pesticides, increases susceptibility to numerous infections. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the effect of co-exposure to diazoxon and S. Typhimurium on the in vitro infection dynamics. For this purpose, human mononuclear cells were pre-exposed in vitro to diazoxon and then challenged with S. Typhimurium at 1, 8, and 24 h. Bacterial internalization, actin polymerization, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed. Obtained data show that mononuclear cells previously exposed to diazoxon exhibit greater internalization of S. Typhimurium. Likewise, greater ROS production and an increase in actin polymerization were observed. Therefore, in the proposed scenario, obtained data suggest that co-exposure to diazoxon and S. Typhimurium increases susceptibility to acquiring an illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alberto Girón-Pérez
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Licenciatura en Biomedicina Ambiental Traslacional (LIBAT), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | | | | | - Carlos Eduardo Covantes-Rosales
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Licenciatura en Biomedicina Ambiental Traslacional (LIBAT), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Gladys Alejandra Toledo-Ibarra
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Licenciatura en Biomedicina Ambiental Traslacional (LIBAT), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Karina Janice Guadalupe Díaz-Resendiz
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Licenciatura en Biomedicina Ambiental Traslacional (LIBAT), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Rocío Guadalupe Barcelos-García
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Licenciatura en Biomedicina Ambiental Traslacional (LIBAT), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Alma Betsaida Benitez-Trinidad
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Licenciatura en Biomedicina Ambiental Traslacional (LIBAT), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
- Licenciatura en Biomedicina Ambiental Traslacional (LIBAT), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin ZH, Li CP, Sun CK, Cho DY, Tsai FJ, Yip HT, Chang R, Hung YM. Increased Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Among Patients With Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infections: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae053. [PMID: 38567440 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the known association between microorganisms and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the role of nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) in IBD is not adequately addressed. We aimed at elucidating the relationship between NTS infection and the risk of IBD. METHODS Based on the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan, this retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with NTS infection (exposure group; n = 4651) and those without NTS infection (comparator group; n = 4651) who were propensity score matched (1:1) by demographic data, medications, comorbidities, and index date. All patients were followed until IBD onset, individual mortality, or December 31, 2018. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to determine the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Sensitivity analyses were used for cross-validation. RESULTS The NTS group demonstrated an increased risk of IBD compared with the non-NTS groups (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.12; 95% CI, 1.62-2.78) with a higher risk of developing ulcerative colitis in the former (aHR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.69-3.04). Nevertheless, the small sample size may contribute to lack of significant difference in Crohn's disease. Consistent findings were noted after excluding IBD diagnosed within 6 months of NTS infection (aHR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.71-3.03), excluding those with enteritis/colitis before index date (aHR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.28-2.68), excluding those using antibiotics for 1 month in the year before IBD onset (aHR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.34-2.45), inverse probability of treatment weighting (aHR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.31-2.04), and inclusion of individuals regardless of age (n = 10 431; aHR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.53-2.19). CONCLUSIONS Patients with NTS were associated with an increased risk of developing IBD, especially ulcerative colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Han Lin
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Pin Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Clinical Skills Training, Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Therapeutic and Research Center of Pancreatic Cancer, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Kwan Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Dachang Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yang Cho
- Translational Cell Therapy Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hei-Tung Yip
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Renin Chang
- Division of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Min Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taitung Branch, Taitung, Taiwan
- Master Program in Biomedicine, College of Science and Engineering, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan
- College of Health and Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luo M, Li S, Yang Y, Sun J, Su Y, Huang D, Feng X, Zhang H, Qi Q. Effects of Salmonella Outer Membrane Vesicles on Intestinal Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier Function. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:257-267. [PMID: 38215267 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens causing foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are lipid-bilayer vesicles produced by Gram-negative bacteria, which contain biologically active components. We hypothesized that OMVs are an important weapon of S. enterica to initiate enteric diseases pathologies. In this study, the effects of S. enterica OMVs (SeOMVs) on intestinal microbiota and intestinal barrier function were investigated. In vitro fecal culture experiments showed that alpha diversity indexes and microbiota composition were altered by SeOMV supplementation. SeOMV supplementation showed an increase of pH, a decrease of OD630 and total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. In vitro IPEC-J2 cells culture experiments showed that SeOMV supplementation did not affect the IPEC-J2 cell viability and the indicated genes expression. In vivo experiments in mice showed that SeOMVs had adverse effects on average daily gain (p < 0.05) and feed:gain ratio (p < 0.05), and had a tendency to decrease the final body weight (p = 0.073) in mice. SeOMV administration decreased serum interleukin-10 level (p < 0.05), decreased the relative abundance of bacteria belonging to the genera BacC-u-018 and Akkermansia (p < 0.05). Furthermore, SeOMV administration damaged the ileum mucosa (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that SeOMVs play an important role in the activation of intestinal inflammatory response induced by S. enterica, and downregulation of SCFA-producing bacteria is a possible mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Suqian Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Junhang Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yuman Su
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Dechun Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xin Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Huihua Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Qien Qi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kwon RS, Lee GY, Lee S, Song J. Antimicrobial properties of tomato juice and peptides against typhoidal Salmonella. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0310223. [PMID: 38289090 PMCID: PMC10913428 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03102-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Tomatoes are readily available and affordable vegetables that offer a range of health benefits due to their bioactive molecules, such as antioxidants and antimicrobials. In contrast to the widely recognized antioxidant properties of tomatoes, their antimicrobial properties remain largely unexplored. Here, we present our findings on the antimicrobial properties of tomato juice and peptides, namely, tomato-derived antimicrobial peptides (tdAMPs), in relation to their effectiveness against typhoidal Salmonella. Our research has revealed that tomato juice demonstrates significant antimicrobial properties against Salmonella Typhi, a pathogen that specifically affects humans and is responsible for causing typhoid fever. By employing computational analysis of the tomato genome sequence, conducting molecular dynamics simulation, and performing functional analyses, we have successfully identified two tdAMPs, namely, tdAMP-1 and tdAMP-2. These tdAMPs have demonstrated potent antimicrobial properties by effectively disrupting bacterial membranes. The efficacy of tdAMP-2 is shown to be more effective than tdAMP-1. The efficacy of tdAMP-1 and tdAMP-2 has been demonstrated against drug-resistant S. Typhi, as well as hyper-capsular S. Typhi variants that possess hypervirulent characteristics, which are presently circulating in countries with endemicity. Tomato juice, along with the two tdAMPs, has demonstrated effectiveness against uropathogenic Escherichia coli as well. This underscores their potential as viable agents in combating certain Gram-negative pathogens. This study provides valuable insights into the development of effective and sustainable public health strategies that utilize tomato and its derivatives as lifestyle interventions.IMPORTANCEIn this study, we investigate the antimicrobial properties of tomato juice, the most widely consumed affordable vegetables, as well as tomato-derived antimicrobial peptides, in relation to their effectiveness against foodborne pathogens with an emphasis on Salmonella Typhi, a deadly human-specific pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S. Kwon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Gi Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Sohyoung Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jeongmin Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Beutler M, Eberl C, Garzetti D, Herp S, Münch P, Ring D, Dolowschiak T, Brugiroux S, Schiller P, Hussain S, Basic M, Bleich A, Stecher B. Contribution of bacterial and host factors to pathogen "blooming" in a gnotobiotic mouse model for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium-induced enterocolitis. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0031823. [PMID: 38189339 PMCID: PMC10863408 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00318-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has a pronounced impact on the intestinal ecosystem by driving an expansion of facultative anaerobic bacteria at the cost of obligate anaerobic microbiota. This pathogen "blooming" is also a hallmark of enteric Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Tm) infection. Here, we analyzed the contribution of bacterial and host factors to S. Tm "blooming" in a gnotobiotic mouse model for S. Tm-induced enterocolitis. Mice colonized with the Oligo-Mouse-Microbiota (OMM12), a minimal bacterial community, develop fulminant colitis by day 4 after oral infection with wild-type S. Tm but not with an avirulent mutant. Inflammation leads to a pronounced reduction in overall intestinal bacterial loads, distinct microbial community shifts, and pathogen blooming (relative abundance >50%). S. Tm mutants attenuated in inducing gut inflammation generally elicit less pronounced microbiota shifts and reduction in total bacterial loads. In contrast, S. Tm mutants in nitrate respiration, salmochelin production, and ethanolamine utilization induced strong inflammation and S. Tm "blooming." Therefore, individual Salmonella-specific inflammation-fitness factors seem to be of minor importance for competition against this minimal microbiota in the inflamed gut. Finally, we show that antibody-mediated neutrophil depletion normalized gut microbiota loads but not intestinal inflammation or microbiota shifts. This suggests that neutrophils equally reduce pathogen and commensal bacterial loads in the inflamed gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Beutler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Eberl
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Debora Garzetti
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Herp
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Münch
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Diana Ring
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tamas Dolowschiak
- Institute of Microbiology, D-BIOL, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Brugiroux
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Schiller
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Saib Hussain
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marijana Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bärbel Stecher
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Turner M, Van Hulzen L, Pietri JE. The gut microbiota induces melanin deposits that act as substrates for fimA-mediated aggregation of Salmonella Typhimurium and enhance infection of the German cockroach vector. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0211923. [PMID: 37606369 PMCID: PMC10580948 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02119-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
When Salmonella Typhimurium is ingested by German cockroaches, the bacteria replicate in the gut and persist for at least 7 d, enabling transmission in the feces. However, the mechanisms that facilitate survival and persistence in the cockroach gut remain poorly detailed. We previously reported the formation of biofilm-like aggregate populations of S. Typhimurium in the gut of cockroaches upon ingestion. We also reported that deletion of the type-1 fimbrial subunit of S. Typhimurium, fimA, leads to a reduced bacterial load in the cockroach gut. Here, we link these observations and provide further insight into the mechanism and function of S. Typhimurium aggregation in the gut of the cockroach. We show that S. Typhimurium but not Escherichia coli forms aggregated populations in the cockroach gut, and that aggregate formation requires fimA but not the biofilm formation-related genes csgA and csgD. Furthermore, we show that S. Typhimurium aggregates are formed using small granular deposits present in the cockroach gut, which exhibit properties consistent with melanin, as substrates. These melanin deposits are prevalent in the guts of both immature and adult cockroaches from laboratory colonies and are correlated with increased gut bacterial density while being entirely absent in gnotobiotic cockroaches reared without exposure to environmental bacteria, indicating they are induced as a response to the gut microbiota. When cockroaches lacking melanin deposits in the gut are fed S. Typhimurium, they exhibit lower rates of infection than those harboring melanin deposits, demonstrating that microbiota-induced melanin deposits enhance infection of the gut of the vector. IMPORTANCE Cockroaches, including the German cockroach (Blattella germanica), can be both mechanical and biological vectors of pathogenic bacteria. Together, our data reveal a novel mechanism by which S. Typhimurium interacts with the cockroach gut and its microbiota that promotes infection of the vector. These findings exemplify the emerging but underappreciated complexity of the relationship between cockroaches and S. Typhimurium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Turner
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - Landen Van Hulzen
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - Jose E. Pietri
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma Y, Fu W, Hong B, Wang X, Jiang S, Wang J. Antibacterial MccM as the Major Microcin in Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 against Pathogenic Enterobacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11688. [PMID: 37511446 PMCID: PMC10380612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) possesses excellent antibacterial effects on pathogenic enterobacteria. The microcins MccM and MccH47 produced in EcN played critical roles, but they are understudied and poorly characterized, and the individual antibacterial mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, three EcN mutants (ΔmcmA, ΔmchB, and ΔmcmAΔmchB) were constructed and compared with wild-type EcN (EcN wt) to test for inhibitory effects on the growth of Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella enterica (SE), and Salmonella typhimurium (ST). The antibacterial effects on O157: H7 were not affected by the knockout of mcmA (MccM) and mchB (MccH47) in EcN. However, the antibacterial effect on Salmonella declined sharply in EcN mutants ΔmcmA. The overexpressed mcmA gene in EcN::mcmA showed more efficient antibacterial activity on Salmonella than that of EcN wt. Furthermore, the EcN::mcmA strain significantly reduced the abilities of adhesion and invasion of Salmonella to intestinal epithelial cells, decreasing the invasion ability of ST by 56.31% (62.57 times more than that of EcN wt) while reducing the adhesion ability of ST by 50.14% (2.41 times more than that of EcN wt). In addition, the supernatant of EcN::mcmA culture significantly decreased the mRNA expression and secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 on macrophages induced by LPS. The EcN::mcmA strain generated twice as much orange halo as EcN wt by CAS agar diffusion assay by producing more siderophores. MccM was more closely related to the activity of EcN against Salmonella, and MccM-overproducing EcN inhibited Salmonella growth by producing more siderophores-MccM to compete for iron, which was critical to pathogen growth. Based on the above, EcN::mcmA can be developed as engineered probiotics to fight against pathogenic enterobacteria colonization in the gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Fu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Hong
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shoujin Jiang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Patel P, Nandi A, Verma SK, Kaushik N, Suar M, Choi EH, Kaushik NK. Zebrafish-based platform for emerging bio-contaminants and virus inactivation research. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162197. [PMID: 36781138 PMCID: PMC9922160 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Emerging bio-contaminants such as viruses have affected health and environment settings of every country. Viruses are the minuscule entities resulting in severe contagious diseases like SARS, MERS, Ebola, and avian influenza. Recent epidemic like the SARS-CoV-2, the virus has undergone mutations strengthen them and allowing to escape from the remedies. Comprehensive knowledge of viruses is essential for the development of targeted therapeutic and vaccination treatments. Animal models mimicking human biology like non-human primates, rats, mice, and rabbits offer competitive advantage to assess risk of viral infections, chemical toxins, nanoparticles, and microbes. However, their economic maintenance has always been an issue. Furthermore, the redundancy of experimental results due to aforementioned aspects is also in examine. Hence, exploration for the alternative animal models is crucial for risk assessments. The current review examines zebrafish traits and explores the possibilities to monitor emerging bio-contaminants. Additionally, a comprehensive picture of the bio contaminant and virus particle invasion and abatement mechanisms in zebrafish and human cells is presented. Moreover, a zebrafish model to investigate the emerging viruses such as coronaviridae and poxviridae has been suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paritosh Patel
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Aditya Nandi
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Suresh K Verma
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India; Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, 18323 Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897 Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897 Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lallement C, Goldring WPD, Jelsbak L. Global transcriptomic response of the AI-3 isomers 3,5-DPO and 3,6-DPO in Salmonella Typhimurium. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:117. [PMID: 36929450 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial intercellular signaling mediated by small molecules, also called autoinducers (AIs), enables synchronized behavior in response to environmental conditions, and in many bacterial pathogens, intercellular signaling controls virulence gene expression. However, in the intestinal pathogen Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), although three signals, named AI-1, AI-2 and AI-3, have been described, their roles in virulence remain elusive. AI-3 is the 3,6- isomer of a previously described Vibrio cholerae signaling molecule; 3,5-dimethylpyrazin-2-ol (3,5-DPO). To elucidate the role of AI-3/DPO in S. Typhimurium, we have mapped the global transcriptomic responses to 3,5- and 3,6-DPO isomers in S. Typhimurium. Our studies showed that DPO affects expression of almost 8% of all genes. Specifically, expression of several genes involved in gut-colonization respond to DPO. Interestingly, most of the affected genes are similarly regulated by 3,5-DPO and 3,6-DPO, respectively, indicating that the two isomers have overlapping roles in S. Typhimurium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lallement
- Department of Sciences and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Lotte Jelsbak
- Department of Sciences and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mohamad-Fauzi N, Shaw C, Foutouhi SH, Hess M, Kong N, Kol A, Storey DB, Desai PT, Shah J, Borjesson D, Murray JD, Weimer BC. Salmonella enhances osteogenic differentiation in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1077350. [PMID: 37009487 PMCID: PMC10055666 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1077350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for tissue repair and regeneration has garnered great attention. While MSCs are likely to interact with microbes at sites of tissue damage and inflammation, like in the gastrointestinal system, the consequences of pathogenic association on MSC activities have yet to be elucidated. This study investigated the effects of pathogenic interaction on MSC trilineage differentiation paths and mechanisms using model intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica ssp enterica serotype Typhimurium. The examination of key markers of differentiation, apoptosis, and immunomodulation demonstrated that Salmonella altered osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation pathways in human and goat adipose-derived MSCs. Anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferative responses were also significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) in MSCs during Salmonella challenge. These results together indicate that Salmonella, and potentially other pathogenic bacteria, can induce pathways that influence both apoptotic response and functional differentiation trajectories in MSCs, highlighting that microbes have a potentially significant role as influencers of MSC physiology and immune activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuradilla Mohamad-Fauzi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Claire Shaw
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Soraya H. Foutouhi
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Matthias Hess
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Nguyet Kong
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Amir Kol
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dylan Bobby Storey
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Prerak T. Desai
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jigna Shah
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dori Borjesson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - James D. Murray
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: James D. Murray, ; Bart C. Weimer,
| | - Bart C. Weimer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: James D. Murray, ; Bart C. Weimer,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rather MA, Chowdhury R, Pavinski Bitar PD, Altier C. Recombinant production of a diffusible signal factor inhibits Salmonella invasion and animal carriage. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2208498. [PMID: 37158497 PMCID: PMC10171134 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2208498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex chemical environment of the intestine is defined largely by the metabolic products of the resident microbiota. Enteric pathogens, elegantly evolved to thrive in the gut, use these chemical products as signals to recognize specific niches and to promote their survival and virulence. Our previous work has shown that a specific class of quorum-sensing molecules found within the gut, termed diffusible signal factors (DSF), signals the repression of Salmonella tissue invasion, thus defining a means by which this pathogen recognizes its location and modulates virulence to optimize its survival. Here, we determined whether the recombinant production of a DSF could reduce Salmonella virulence in vitro and in vivo. We found that the most potent repressor of Salmonella invasion, cis-2-hexadecenoic acid (c2-HDA), could be recombinantly produced in E. coli by the addition of a single exogenous gene encoding a fatty acid enoyl-CoA dehydratase/thioesterase and that co-culture of the recombinant strain with Salmonella potently inhibited tissue invasion by repressing Salmonella genes required for this essential virulence function. Using the well characterized E. coli Nissle 1917 strain and a chicken infection model, we found that the recombinant DSF-producing strain could be stably maintained in the large intestine. Further, challenge studies demonstrated that this recombinant organism could significantly reduce Salmonella colonization of the cecum, the site of carriage in this animal species. These findings thus describe a plausible means by which Salmonella virulence may be affected in animals by in situ chemical manipulation of functions essential for colonization and virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Ali Rather
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rimi Chowdhury
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Craig Altier
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hankel J, Chuppava B, Wilke V, Hartung CB, Muthukumarasamy U, Strowig T, Bach Knudsen KE, Kamphues J, Visscher C. High Dietary Intake of Rye Affects Porcine Gut Microbiota in a Salmonella Typhimurium Infection Study. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172232. [PMID: 36079614 PMCID: PMC9460007 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the hindgut has considerable potential for the stimulation or inhibition of the growth of distinct bacteria within microbiota. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether high levels of rye affect porcine gut microbiota composition with subsequent effects on the load of Salmonella Typhimurium, an intestinal pathogen with zoonotic relevance. Therefore, forty-two 25-day-old piglets were allocated to two groups and fed a diet containing either 69% wheat or 69% rye for 35 days. One week after introducing the two different diets, the piglets were experimentally infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. The microbiota composition of cecal and fecal samples of the piglets were evaluated 28 days after infection. In the cecum, promoted growth of Bifidobacterium, several lactic acid bacteria and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were seen in pigs fed the diet containing 69% rye. Bacterial species belonging to the genera Bifidobacterium and Catenisphaera were associated with differing bacterial counts of Salmonella Typhimurium detected in the cecal contents of all piglets in both feeding groups via cultural cultivation. The high intake of rye instead of wheat seems to promote the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria accompanied by impaired growth conditions for the foodborne pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hankel
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Bussarakam Chuppava
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Wilke
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Clara Berenike Hartung
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Uthayakumar Muthukumarasamy
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Josef Kamphues
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kogut MH, Genovese KJ, Byrd JA, Swaggerty CL, He H, Farnell Y, Arsenault RJ. Chicken-Specific Kinome Analysis of Early Host Immune Signaling Pathways in the Cecum of Newly Hatched Chickens Infected With Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:899395. [PMID: 35846741 PMCID: PMC9279939 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.899395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry is a major source of human foodborne illness caused by broad host range Salmonella serovars (paratyphoid), and developing cost-effective, pre-harvest interventions to reduce these pathogens would be valuable to the industry and consumer. Host responses to infectious agents are often regulated through phosphorylation. However, proteomic mechanisms of Salmonella acute infection biology and host responses to the bacteria have been limited concentrating predominately on the genomic responses of the host to infection. Our recent development of chicken-specific peptide arrays for kinome analysis of host phosphorylation-based cellular signaling responses provided us with the opportunity to develop a more detailed understanding of the early (4-24 h post-infection) host-pathogen interactions during the initial colonization of the cecum by Salmonella. Using the chicken-specific kinomic immune peptide array, biological pathway analysis showed infection with S. Enteritidis increased signaling related to the innate immune response, relative to the non-infected control ceca. Notably, the acute innate immune signaling pathways were characterized by increased peptide phosphorylation (activation) of the Toll-like receptor and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways, the activation of the chemokine signaling pathway, and the activation of the apoptosis signaling pathways. In addition, Salmonella infection induced a dramatic alteration in the phosphorylation events of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Lastly, there is also significant activation of the T cell receptor signaling pathway demonstrating the initiation of the acquired immune response to Salmonella infection. Based on the individual phosphorylation events altered by the early Salmonella infection of the cecum, certain conclusions can be drawn: (1) Salmonella was recognized by both TLR and NOD receptors that initiated the innate immune response; (2) activation of the PPRs induced the production of chemokines CXCLi2 (IL-8) and cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IFN-α, and IFN-γ; (3) Salmonella infection targeted the JAK-STAT pathway as a means of evading the host response by targeting the dephosphorylation of JAK1 and TYK2 and STAT1,2,3,4, and 6; (4) apoptosis appears to be a host defense mechanism where the infection with Salmonella induced both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways; and (5) the T cell receptor signaling pathway activates the AP-1 and NF-κB transcription factor cascades, but not NFAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael H. Kogut,
| | - Kenneth J. Genovese
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), College Station, TX, United States
| | - J. Allen Byrd
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), College Station, TX, United States
| | - Christina L. Swaggerty
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), College Station, TX, United States
| | - Haiqi He
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), College Station, TX, United States
| | - Yuhua Farnell
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ryan J. Arsenault
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kirthika P, Jawalagatti V, Senevirathne A, Lee JH. Coordinated interaction between Lon protease and catalase-peroxidase regulates virulence and oxidative stress management during Salmonellosis. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2064705. [PMID: 35438052 PMCID: PMC9037549 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2064705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the interplay between Lon protease and catalase-peroxidase (KatG) in relation to virulence modulation and the response to oxidative stress in Salmonella Typhimurium (ST). Proteomic comparison of ST wild-type and lon deletion mutant led to the recognition of a highly expressed KatG protein product among five other protein candidates that were significantly affected by lon deletion. By employing a bacterium two-hybrid assay (B2H), we demonstrated that the catalytic domain of Lon protease potentially interacts with the KatG protein that leads to proteolytic cleavage. Assessment of virulence gene expression in single and double lon and katG mutants revealed katG to be a potential positive modulator of both Salmonella pathogenicity Island-1 (SPI-1) and -2, while lon significantly affected SPI-1 genes. ST double deletion mutant, ∆lon∆katG was more susceptible to survival defects within macrophage-like cells and exhibited meager colonization of the mouse spleen compared to the single deletion mutants. The findings reveal a previously unknown function of Lon and KatG interaction in Salmonella virulence. Taken together, our experiments demonstrate the importance of Lon and KatG to cope with oxidative stress, for intracellular survival and in vivo virulence of Salmonella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perumalraja Kirthika
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Republic of Korea,Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA 55905
| | - Vijayakumar Jawalagatti
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Republic of Korea,Urology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA 55905
| | - Amal Senevirathne
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Republic of Korea,CONTACT John Hwa Lee College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University,Iksan campus, 54595, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Peer V, Schwartz N, Green MS. Sex Differences in Salmonellosis Incidence Rates-An Eight-Country National Data-Pooled Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5767. [PMID: 34945061 PMCID: PMC8708425 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few studies on sex differences in the incidence rates (IR) for salmonellosis over several countries by age and time period. The purpose of this study was to explore the extent and consistency of the sex and age-specific differences. METHODS We analyzed national data from eight countries between 1994 and 2016. We computed country-specific male to female incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for each age group and pooled the data using meta-analytic methods. Variations of the IRRs by age, country and time period were evaluated using meta-regression. RESULTS The pooled male to female incidence RRs for ages 0-1, 1-4, 5-9 and 10-14, were 1.04 (1.02-1.06), 1.02 (1.01-1.03), 1.07 (1.05-1.08) and 1.28 (1.23-1.33), respectively. For the ages 15-44 and 45-64, the incidence rates were significantly higher in females. Meta-regression analyses indicate that age groups contributed most of the variation in the male to female IRRs. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that genetic and hormonal factors and interactions between hormones and gut microbiota could contribute to the sex differences observed in young children. These findings should provide clues about the mechanisms of the infection, and should be useful in targeting treatments and development of vaccines. HIGHLIGHTS (1) This manuscript provides consistent estimates of the excess salmonellosis incidence rates in male children up to age 15, which suggests an impact of sex hormones or genetic differences. (2) Our findings should promote the further investigations on sex-related determinants of infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Peer
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (N.S.); (M.S.G.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Buddhasiri S, Sukjoi C, Kaewsakhorn T, Nambunmee K, Nakphaichit M, Nitisinprasert S, Thiennimitr P. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri KUB-AC5 Against Salmonella Infection in a Mouse Colitis Model. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:716761. [PMID: 34497597 PMCID: PMC8419263 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.716761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute non-typhoidal salmonellosis (NTS) caused by Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (STM) is among the most prevalent of foodborne diseases. A global rising of antibiotic resistance strains of STM raises an urgent need for alternative methods to control this important pathogen. Major human food animals which harbor STM in their gut are cattle, swine, and poultry. Previous studies showed that the probiotic Limosilactobacillus (Lactobacillus) reuteri KUB-AC5 (AC5) exhibited anti-Salmonella activities in chicken by modulating gut microbiota and the immune response. However, the immunobiotic effect of AC5 in a mammalian host is still not known. Here, we investigated the anti-Salmonella and anti-inflammatory effects of AC5 on STM infection using a mouse colitis model. Three groups of C57BL/6 mice (prophylactic, therapeutic, and combined) were fed with 109 colony-forming units (cfu) AC5 daily for 7, 4, and 11 days, respectively. Then, the mice were challenged with STM compared to the untreated group. By using a specific primer pair, we found that AC5 can transiently colonize mouse gut (colon, cecum, and ileum). Interestingly, AC5 reduced STM gut proliferation and invasion together with attenuated gut inflammation and systemic dissemination in mice. The decreased STM numbers in mouse gut lumen, gut tissues, and spleen possibly came from longer AC5 feeding duration and/or the combinatorial (direct and indirect inhibitory) effect of AC5 on STM. However, AC5 attenuated inflammation (both in the gut and in the spleen) with no difference between these three approaches. This study demonstrated that AC5 confers both direct and indirect inhibitory effects on STM in the inflamed gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songphon Buddhasiri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chutikarn Sukjoi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thattawan Kaewsakhorn
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kowit Nambunmee
- Major of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Urban Safety Innovation Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Massalin Nakphaichit
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunee Nitisinprasert
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parameth Thiennimitr
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Faculty of Medicine, Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Echarren ML, Figueroa NR, Vitor-Horen L, Pucciarelli MG, García-Del Portillo F, Soncini FC. Balance between bacterial extracellular matrix production and intramacrophage proliferation by a Salmonella-specific SPI-2 encoded transcription factor. Mol Microbiol 2021; 116:1022-1032. [PMID: 34342063 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis and secretion of a complex extracellular matrix (EM) is a hallmark of Salmonella biofilm formation, impacting on its relationship with both the environment and the host. Cellulose is a major component of Salmonella EM. It is considered an anti-virulence factor because it interferes with Salmonella proliferation inside macrophages and virulence in mice. Its synthesis is stimulated by CsgD, the master regulator of biofilm formation in enterobacteria, which in turn is under the control of MlrA, a MerR-like transcription factor. In this work we identified a SPI-2 encoded Salmonella-specific transcription factor homolog to MlrA, MlrB, that represses transcription of its downstream gene, orf319, and of csgD inside host cells. MlrB is induced in laboratory media mimicking intracellular conditions and inside macrophages, and it is required for intramacrophage proliferation. An increased csgD expression is observed in the absence of MlrB inside host cells. Interestingly, inactivation of the CsgD-controlled cellulose synthase-coding gene restored intramacrophage proliferation to rates comparable to wild type bacteria in the absence of MlrB. These data indicate that MlrB represses CsgD expression inside host cells and suggest that this repression lowers the activation of the cellulose synthase. Our findings provide a novel link between biofilm formation and Salmonella virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Echarren
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Nicolás R Figueroa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Luisina Vitor-Horen
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - M Graciela Pucciarelli
- Departmento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (CBMSO)-CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratorio de Patógenos Bacterianos Intracelulares. Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Del Portillo
- Laboratorio de Patógenos Bacterianos Intracelulares. Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando C Soncini
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Milk Fermented by Lactobacillus paracasei NCC 2461 (ST11) Modulates the Immune Response and Microbiota to Exert its Protective Effects Against Salmonella typhimurium Infection in Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:1398-1408. [PMID: 31970649 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics form a promising strategy to maintain intestinal health. Milks fermented with probiotic strains, such as the Lactobacillus paracasei ST11, are largely commercialized in Brazil and form a low-cost alternative to probiotic pharmaceutical formulations. In this study, we assessed the probiotic effects of milk fermented by L. paracasei ST11 (administered through fermented milk) in a Salmonella typhimurium infection model in BALB/c mice. We observed in this murine model that the applied probiotic conferred protective effects against S. typhimurium infection, since its administration reduced mortality, weight loss, translocation to target organs (liver and spleen) and ileum injury. Moreover, a reduction in the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17 in animals that received the probiotic before challenge was observed. Additionally, the ileum microbiota was better preserved in these animals. The present study highlights a multifactorial protective aspect of this commercial probiotic strain against a common gastrointestinal pathogen.
Collapse
|
19
|
Birhanu BT, Lee EB, Lee SJ, Park SC. Targeting Salmonella Typhimurium Invasion and Intracellular Survival Using Pyrogallol. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:631426. [PMID: 33603727 PMCID: PMC7884331 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.631426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, an intracellular pathogen, evades the host immune response mechanisms to cause gastroenteritis in animals and humans. After invading the host cells, the bacteria proliferate in Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) and escapes from antimicrobial therapy. Moreover, Salmonella Typhimurium develops resistance to various antimicrobials including, fluoroquinolones. Treating intracellular bacteria and combating drug resistance is essential to limit the infection rate. One way of overcoming these challenges is through combination therapy. In this study, Pyrogallol (PG), a polyphenol, is combined with marbofloxacin (MAR) to investigate its effect on Salmonella Typhimurium invasion and intracellular survival inhibition. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of PG against Salmonella Typhimurium were 128 and 256 μg/mL, respectively. The lowest fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index for a combination of PG and MAR was 0.5. The gentamycin protection assay revealed that PG (30 μg/mL) alone and in combination with sub-MIC of MAR inhibited 72.75 and 76.18% of the invading bacteria in Caco-2 cells, respectively. Besides, the intracellular survival of Salmonella Typhimurium was reduced by 7.69 and 74.36% in treatment with PG alone and combined with sub-MIC of MAR, respectively, which was visualized by the confocal microscopy. PG has also shown to increase the intracellular accumulation of fluoroquinolone by 15.2 and 34.9% at 30 and 100 μg/mL concentration, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated PG suppressed the genetic expression of hilA, invF, sipB, and acrA by 14.6, 15.4, 13.6, and 36%, respectively. However, the downregulation of hilA, invF, sipB, and acrA increased to 80, 74.6, 78, and 70.1%, in combination with sub-MIC of MAR, respectively. Similarly, PG combined with MAR inhibited the expression of sdiA, srgE, and rck genes by 78.6, 62.8, and 61.8%, respectively. In conclusion, PG has shown antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Typhimurium alone and in combination with MAR. It also inhibited invasion and intracellular survival of the bacteria through downregulation of quorum sensing, invading virulence, and efflux pump genes. Hence, PG could be a potential antimicrobial candidate which could limit the intracellular survival and replication of Salmonella Typhimurium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biruk Tesfaye Birhanu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eon-Bee Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Lee
- Development and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Effects of Essential Oils-Based Supplement and Salmonella Infection on Gene Expression, Blood Parameters, Cecal Microbiome, and Egg Production in Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020360. [PMID: 33535430 PMCID: PMC7912222 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main roles in poultry resistance to infections caused by Salmonella is attributed to host immunity and intestinal microbiota. We conducted an experiment that involved challenging Lohmann White laying hens with Salmonella Enteritidis (SE), feeding them a diet supplemented with an EOs-based phytobiotic Intebio®. At 1 and 7 days post-inoculation, the expression profiles of eight genes related to immunity, transport of nutrients in the intestine, and metabolism were examined. Cecal microbiome composition and blood biochemical/immunological indices were also explored and egg production traits recorded. As a result, the SE challenge of laying hens and Intebio® administration had either a suppressive or activating effect on the expression level of the studied genes (e.g., IL6 and BPIFB3), the latter echoing mammalian/human tissue-specific expression. There were also effects of the pathogen challenge and phytobiotic intake on the cecal microbiome profiles and blood biochemical/immunological parameters, including those reflecting the activity of the birds' immune systems (e.g., serum bactericidal activity, β-lysine content, and immunoglobulin levels). Significant differences between control and experimental subgroups in egg performance traits (i.e., egg weight/number/mass) were also found. The phytobiotic administration suggested a positive effect on the welfare and productivity of poultry.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ding J, Zhou H, Luo L, Xiao L, Yang K, Yang L, Zheng Y, Xu K, He C, Han C, Luo H, Qin C, Akinyemi FT, Gu C, Zhou Z, Huang Q, Meng H. Heritable Gut Microbiome Associated with Salmonella enterica Serovar Pullorum Infection in Chickens. mSystems 2021; 6:e01192-20. [PMID: 33402350 PMCID: PMC7786134 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01192-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pullorum disease is one of the most common diarrhea-related diseases caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (S Pullorum); it negatively affects the poultry industry. However, limited studies have explored the association between the gut microbiota and S Pullorum infection in chickens. In the present study, we performed a microbiome comparison and a microbiome genome-wide association study (mGWAS) to investigate the association among the host genetics, the gut microbiota, and pullorum disease in chickens. We found that S Pullorum infection in chickens could alter the abundance of 39 bacterial genera (P < 0.05). The altered structure and composition of the gut microbiota were also detected in the offspring. mGWAS results revealed host genetic variants to be prominently associated with gut microbial diversity and individual microbes. The pathogens Pelomonas and Brevundimonas, which had a high abundance in positive parent chickens and their offspring, were significantly associated with several genetic mutations in immunity-related genes, such as TGIF1, TTLL12, and CCR7 This finding explained why Pelomonas and Brevundimonas were heritable in S Pullorum-infected chickens. The heritable gut microbes and identified genetic variants could provide references for the selection of resistant chickens and the elimination of pullorum disease.IMPORTANCE The present study investigated the association among the host genome, the gut microbiome, and S Pullorum infection in chickens. The results suggested that the gut microbial structure is altered in S Pullorum-infected chickens. The diversity and abundance of the gut microbiota remarkably differed between the offspring coming from S Pullorum-positive and S Pullorum-negative chickens. Heritable gut microbiota were detected in the offspring. Moreover, host genetic variants were associated with microbial diversity and individual gut microbes. The pathogens Pelomonas and Brevundimonas, which exhibited a high heritability in S Pullorum-positive parents and their offspring, were associated with several genetic mutations in immunity-related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxiao Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixuan Yang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxiao Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaixi Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fisayo T Akinyemi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiju Gu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhou
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhong Huang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - He Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Aljahdali NH, Sanad YM, Han J, Foley SL. Current knowledge and perspectives of potential impacts of Salmonella enterica on the profile of the gut microbiota. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:353. [PMID: 33203384 PMCID: PMC7673091 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the initial studies of the gut microbiota started focusing on the correlation of the composition of the gut microbiota and the health or diseases of the host, and there are extensive literature reviews pertaining to this theme. However, little is known about the association between the microbiota, the host, and pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica, which is among the most important foodborne pathogens and identified as the source of multiple outbreaks linked to contaminated foods causing salmonellosis. Secretion systems, flagella, fimbriae, endotoxins, and exotoxins are factors that play the most important roles in the successful infection of the host cell by Salmonella. Infections with S. enterica, which is a threat to human health, can alter the genomic, taxonomic, and functional traits of the gut microbiota. The purpose of this review is to outline the state of knowledge on the impacts of S. enterica on the intestinal microbiota and highlight the need to identify the gut bacteria that could contribute to salmonellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nesreen H Aljahdali
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.,Biological Science Department, College of Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser M Sanad
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.,Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff, AR, USA.,Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jing Han
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Steven L Foley
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wood TE, Aksoy E, Hachani A. From Welfare to Warfare: The Arbitration of Host-Microbiota Interplay by the Type VI Secretion System. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:587948. [PMID: 33194832 PMCID: PMC7604300 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.587948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The health of mammals depends on a complex interplay with their microbial ecosystems. Compartments exposed to external environments such as the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract accommodate the gut microbiota, composed by a wide range of bacteria. The gut microbiome confers benefits to the host, including expansion of metabolic potential and the development of an immune system that can robustly protect from external and internal insults. The cooperation between gut microbiome and host is enabled in part by the formation of partitioned niches that harbor diverse bacterial phyla. Bacterial secretion systems are commonly employed to manipulate the composition of these local environments. Here, we explore the roles of the bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS), present in ~25% of gram-negative bacteria, including many symbionts, in the establishment and perturbation of bacterial commensalism, and symbiosis in host mucosal sites. This versatile apparatus drives bacterial competition, although in some cases can also interfere directly with host cells and facilitate nutrient acquisition. In addition, some bacterial pathogens cause disease when their T6SS leads to dysbiosis and subverts host immune responses in defined animal models. This review explores our knowledge of the T6SS in the context of the “host-microbiota-pathogen” triumvirate and examines contexts in which the importance of this secretion system may be underappreciated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Wood
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ezra Aksoy
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lim D, Kim K, Song M, Jeong JH, Chang JH, Kim SR, Hong CW, Im SS, Park SH, Lee JC, Shin M. Transcriptional regulation of Salmochelin glucosyltransferase by Fur in Salmonella. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:70-76. [PMID: 32560822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria acquire the acquisition of iron from the host to ensure their survival. Salmonella spp. utilizes siderophores, including salmochelin, for high affinity aggressive import of iron. Although the iroBCDEN operon is reportedly responsible for the production and the transport of salmochelin, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of its gene expression have not yet been characterized. Here, we analyzed the expression pattern of iroB using the lacZY transcriptional reporter system and determined the transcription start site in response to iron availability using primer extension analysis. We further examined the regulation of iroB expression by the ferric uptake regulator (Fur), a key regulatory protein involved in the maintenance of iron homeostasis in various bacteria, including Salmonella. Using sequence analysis followed by a gel shift assay, we verified that the Fur box lies within the promoter region of iroBCDE. The Fur box contained the consensus sequence (GATATTGGTAATTATTATC) and overlapped with the -10-element region. The expression of iroB was repressed by Fur in the presence of iron, as determined using an in vitro transcription assay. Therefore, we found that the iron acquisition system is regulated in a Fur-dependent manner in Salmonella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daejin Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61468, South Korea
| | - Kyeongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-Ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Miryoung Song
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Gyeonggido, 17035, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-Ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Chang
- Department of Biology Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Chang-Won Hong
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Park
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Je Chul Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61468, South Korea
| | - Minsang Shin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-Ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Haak BW, de Jong HK, Kostidis S, Giera M, Maude RR, Samad R, Wijedoru L, Ghose A, Faiz MA, Parry CM, Wiersinga WJ. Altered Patterns of Compositional and Functional Disruption of the Gut Microbiota in Typhoid Fever and Nontyphoidal Febrile Illness. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa251. [PMID: 32715018 PMCID: PMC7371416 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental murine models and human challenge studies of Salmonella Typhi infection have suggested that the gut microbiome plays an important protective role against the development of typhoid fever. Anaerobic bacterial communities have been hypothesized to mediate colonization resistance against Salmonella species by producing short-chain fatty acids, yet the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota in human patients with typhoid fever remain ill defined. METHODS We prospectively collected fecal samples from 60 febrile patients admitted to Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, with typhoid fever or nontyphoidal febrile illness and from 36 healthy age-matched controls. The collected fecal samples were subjected to 16s rRNA sequencing followed by targeted metabolomics analysis. RESULTS Patients with typhoid fever displayed compositional and functional disruption of the gut microbiota compared with patients with nontyphoidal febrile illness and healthy controls. Specifically, typhoid fever patients had lower microbiota richness and alpha diversity and a higher prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacterial taxa. In addition, a lower abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing taxa was seen in typhoid fever patients. The differences between typhoid fever and nontyphoidal febrile illness could not be explained by a loss of colonization resistance after antibiotic treatment, as antibiotic exposure in both groups was similar. CONCLUSIONS his first report on the composition and function of the gut microbiota in patients with typhoid fever suggests that the restoration of these intestinal commensal microorganisms could be targeted using adjunctive, preventive, or therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan W Haak
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanna K de Jong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sarantos Kostidis
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rapeephan R Maude
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rasheda Samad
- Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Lalith Wijedoru
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Mohammed Abul Faiz
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Dev Care Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Christopher M Parry
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - W Joost Wiersinga
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Verma S, Senger S, Cherayil BJ, Faherty CS. Spheres of Influence: Insights into Salmonella Pathogenesis from Intestinal Organoids. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040504. [PMID: 32244707 PMCID: PMC7232497 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular complexity of host-pathogen interactions remains poorly understood in many infectious diseases, particularly in humans due to the limited availability of reliable and specific experimental models. To bridge the gap between classical two-dimensional culture systems, which often involve transformed cell lines that may not have all the physiologic properties of primary cells, and in vivo animal studies, researchers have developed the organoid model system. Organoids are complex three-dimensional structures that are generated in vitro from primary cells and can recapitulate key in vivo properties of an organ such as structural organization, multicellularity, and function. In this review, we discuss how organoids have been deployed in exploring Salmonella infection in mice and humans. In addition, we summarize the recent advancements that hold promise to elevate our understanding of the interactions and crosstalk between multiple cell types and the microbiota with Salmonella. These models have the potential for improving clinical outcomes and future prophylactic and therapeutic intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Verma
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, Boston, 02129 MA, USA; (S.S.); (B.J.C.); (C.S.F.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-726-7991
| | - Stefania Senger
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, Boston, 02129 MA, USA; (S.S.); (B.J.C.); (C.S.F.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
| | - Bobby J. Cherayil
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, Boston, 02129 MA, USA; (S.S.); (B.J.C.); (C.S.F.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
| | - Christina S. Faherty
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, Boston, 02129 MA, USA; (S.S.); (B.J.C.); (C.S.F.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Josenhans C, Müthing J, Elling L, Bartfeld S, Schmidt H. How bacterial pathogens of the gastrointestinal tract use the mucosal glyco-code to harness mucus and microbiota: New ways to study an ancient bag of tricks. Int J Med Microbiol 2020; 310:151392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2020.151392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
28
|
Stress-induced adaptations in Salmonella: A ground for shaping its pathogenesis. Microbiol Res 2019; 229:126311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
29
|
Moye ZD, Woolston J, Abbeele PVAND, Duysburgh C, Verstrepen L, DAS CR, Marzorati M, Sulakvelidze A. A Bacteriophage Cocktail Eliminates Salmonella Typhimurium from the Human Colonic Microbiome while Preserving Cytokine Signaling and Preventing Attachment to and Invasion of Human Cells by Salmonella In Vitro. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1336-1349. [PMID: 31313962 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella strains continue to be a major cause of foodborne illness globally. One intriguing approach to reducing the risk of salmonellosis is the direct ingestion of phages targeting Salmonella to enhance natural gut resilience and provide protection during foodborne disease outbreaks. We evaluated the ability of a prophylactically administered bacteriophage cocktail, the foodborne outbreak pill (FOP) targeting Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella, to resolve a Salmonella infection in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME), a simulated gut platform populated by the human intestinal microbiome of healthy donors. The FOP preparation eliminated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium from the colon compartment of the SHIME platform but health-associated metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and lactate, remained stable or increased in a donor-dependent manner. In studies of human intestinal cells, pretreatment of Salmonella Typhimurium with the FOP cocktail preserved lipopolysaccharide-stimulated signaling in a Caco-2-THP-1 Transwell system and prevented destruction of the Caco-2 monolayer by Salmonella. Adhesion and invasion of intestinal epithelial cells by Salmonella-a critical factor in Salmonella pathogenesis-was blunted when the bacteria were incubated with the FOP preparation before addition to the monolayer. The FOP phage cocktail was effective for (i) eliminating Salmonella from a simulated human gut without disturbing the indigenous microbiota and (ii) reducing the risk of invasion by Salmonella into the intestinal epithelia. These results suggest that the FOP preparation may be of value for reducing the risk of salmonellosis in humans, e.g., during foodborne disease outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D Moye
- 1 Intralytix, Inc., The Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA
| | - Joelle Woolston
- 1 Intralytix, Inc., The Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA
| | | | | | | | - Chythanya Rajanna DAS
- 1 Intralytix, Inc., The Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA
| | - Massimo Marzorati
- 2 ProDigest, BVBA, Technologiepark 3, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,3 Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander Sulakvelidze
- 1 Intralytix, Inc., The Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
MacKenzie KD, Wang Y, Musicha P, Hansen EG, Palmer MB, Herman DJ, Feasey NA, White AP. Parallel evolution leading to impaired biofilm formation in invasive Salmonella strains. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008233. [PMID: 31233504 PMCID: PMC6611641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Salmonella strains that cause gastroenteritis are able to colonize and replicate within the intestines of multiple host species. In general, these strains have retained an ability to form the rdar morphotype, a resistant biofilm physiology hypothesized to be important for Salmonella transmission. In contrast, Salmonella strains that are host-adapted or even host-restricted like Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, tend to cause systemic infections and have lost the ability to form the rdar morphotype. Here, we investigated the rdar morphotype and CsgD-regulated biofilm formation in two non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) strains that caused invasive disease in Malawian children, S. Typhimurium D23580 and S. Enteritidis D7795, and compared them to a panel of NTS strains associated with gastroenteritis, as well as S. Typhi strains. Sequence comparisons combined with luciferase reporter technology identified key SNPs in the promoter region of csgD that either shut off biofilm formation completely (D7795) or reduced transcription of this key biofilm regulator (D23580). Phylogenetic analysis showed that these SNPs are conserved throughout the African clades of invasive isolates, dating as far back as 80 years ago. S. Typhi isolates were negative for the rdar morphotype due to truncation of eight amino acids from the C-terminus of CsgD. We present new evidence in support of parallel evolution between lineages of nontyphoidal Salmonella associated with invasive disease in Africa and the archetypal host-restricted invasive serovar; S. Typhi. We hypothesize that the African invasive isolates are becoming human-adapted and 'niche specialized' with less reliance on environmental survival, as compared to gastroenteritis-causing isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith D. MacKenzie
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, SK., Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK., Canada
| | - Yejun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Patrick Musicha
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Elizabeth G. Hansen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, SK., Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK., Canada
| | - Melissa B. Palmer
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, SK., Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK., Canada
| | - Dakoda J. Herman
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, SK., Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK., Canada
| | - Nicholas A. Feasey
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron P. White
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, SK., Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK., Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Salazar GA, Guerrero-López R, Lalaleo L, Avilés-Esquivel D, Vinueza-Burgos C, Calero-Cáceres W. Presence and diversity of Salmonella isolated from layer farms in central Ecuador. F1000Res 2019; 8:235. [PMID: 31069068 PMCID: PMC6480948 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.18233.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Given the considerable role played by Salmonella in the incidence of food contamination, around the world, surveillance of this infection is prioritized by both food producers and health care authorities. Data remains insufficient concerning the prevalence of Salmonella in poultry systems in Ecuador and in Latin America in general. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the presence and diversity of Salmonella serovars in samples taken from 21 layer farms and backyard layers in central Ecuador during August-November 2017. Salmonella was isolated following standardized methods (ISO 6579) and the serovar determination was carried out by PCR. Results: A significant presence of Salmonella was detected in the 21 farms evaluated, with a frequency of 76% (95% confidence interval (CI): 53-92) in environmental surfaces, 33% (95%CI: 15-57) in pooled cloacal swabs from layer hens, 33% (95% CI: 13-59) on feed samples, and 10% (95%CI: 1-30) in backyard layer feces from traditional local markets. The dominant serovars detected were S. Infantis and S. Typhimurium. Conclusions: This study forms a basis for further surveillance of Salmonella serovars in layer farms in central Ecuador.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A Salazar
- UTA RAM OneHealth Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Cevallos, Ecuador
| | - Ricardo Guerrero-López
- UTA RAM OneHealth Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Cevallos, Ecuador
| | - Liliana Lalaleo
- UTA RAM OneHealth Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Cevallos, Ecuador
| | - Diana Avilés-Esquivel
- UTA RAM OneHealth Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Cevallos, Ecuador
| | | | - William Calero-Cáceres
- UTA RAM OneHealth Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Cevallos, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abatemarco Júnior M, Sandes SHC, Ricci MF, Arantes RME, Nunes ÁC, Nicoli JR, Neumann E. Protective Effect of Lactobacillus diolivorans 1Z, Isolated From Brazilian Kefir, Against Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Experimental Murine Models. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2856. [PMID: 30564201 PMCID: PMC6288297 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kefir is a beverage obtained by fermentation of milk or sugar solution by lactic acid bacteria and yeasts, and several health benefits have been attributed to its ingestion, part of them being attributed to Lactobacillus species. The objective of the present study was to evaluate, in vivo, the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus diolivorans 1Z, isolated from Brazilian kefir grains. Initially, conventional mice were orally treated daily or not during 10 days with a suspension of L. diolivorans 1Z, and then orally challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Treatment with L. diolivorans 1Z resulted in higher survival (70%) of animals after the challenge with the pathogen than for not treated mice (0%). When germ-free mice were monoassociated (GN-PS group) or not (GN-CS group) with L. diolivorans 1Z and challenged after 7 days with S. Typhimurium, Salmonella fecal counts were significantly lower (P < 0.05) for the GN-PS group when compared to the GN-CS group. Histopathological analysis revealed less damage to the ileum mucosa, as demonstrated by smallest perimeter of major lesions for mice of the GN-PS group in comparison to the group GN-CS (P < 0.05). These findings were accompanied by a lower expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α in the intestinal tissue of GN-PS mice. Additionally, translocation of S. Typhimurium to liver was significantly lower in GN-PS than in GN-CS mice (P < 0.05), and IgA levels in intestinal content and number of Kupffer cells in liver were higher. No difference was observed for hepatic cellularity between GN-PS and GN-CS groups (P > 0.05), but the pattern of inflammatory cells present in the liver was predominantly of polymorphonuclear in GN-CS group and of mononuclear in the GN-PS group, and a higher hepatic expression of IL-10 and TGF-β was observed in GN-PS group. Concluding, L. diolivorans 1Z showed to be a potential probiotic strain that protected mice from death after challenge with S. Typhimurium, apparently by immunological modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Abatemarco Júnior
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sávio Henrique Cicco Sandes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mayra Fernanda Ricci
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Esteves Arantes
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Cantini Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jacques Robert Nicoli
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Neumann
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kim SI, Kim S, Kim E, Hwang SY, Yoon H. Secretion of Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1-Encoded Type III Secretion System Effectors by Outer Membrane Vesicles in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2810. [PMID: 30532744 PMCID: PMC6266720 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical membranous structures released by Gram-negative bacteria. Several bacterial pathogens utilize OMVs as vehicles for the delivery of virulence factors into host cells. Results of our previous study on proteomic analysis revealed that OMVs isolated from Salmonellaenterica serovar Typhimurium had virulence effectors that are known to be translocated by Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1)-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS1) into the host cell. In the present study, immunoblot analysis confirmed the secretion of the six T3SS1 effector proteins, namely SipB and SipC (translocators of T3SS1), and SipA, SopA, SopB, and SopE2 (effectors translocated by T3SS1), by OMVs. Results of proteinase K treatment revealed the localization of these T3SS1 effector proteins on the outer surface of OMVs. SipC and SopE2 were secreted by OMVs independent of the three secretion systems T3SS1, T3SS2, and flagella, signifying OMVs to be an alternative delivery system to T3SSs. T3SS1 effectors SipA, SipC, and SopE2 were internalized into the cytoplasm of the host cell by OMVs independent of cellular Salmonella–host cell contact. In epithelial cells, addition of OMVs harboring T3SS1 effectors stimulated the production of F-actin, thereby complementing the attenuated invasion of ΔsopE2 into host cells. These results suggest that S. Typhimurium might exploit OMVs as a long-distance vehicle to deliver T3SS1 effectors into the cytoplasm of the host cell independent of bacteria–host cell interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seul I Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seongok Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eunsuk Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Hwang
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyunjin Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Birhanu BT, Park NH, Lee SJ, Hossain MA, Park SC. Inhibition of Salmonella Typhimurium adhesion, invasion, and intracellular survival via treatment with methyl gallate alone and in combination with marbofloxacin. Vet Res 2018; 49:101. [PMID: 30286813 PMCID: PMC6389159 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infects intestinal epithelia and macrophages, which is prevented by inhibiting adhesion and cell invasion. This study aimed to investigate the role of methyl gallate (MG) in adhesion, invasion, and intracellular survival of Salmonella Typhimurium in Caco-2 and RAW 264.7 cells via a gentamicin protection assay, confocal microscopy, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. MG (30 µg/mL) inhibited adhesion and invasion of Salmonella Typhimurium by 54.01% and 60.5% in RAW 264.7 cells, respectively. The combination of MG with sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of marbofloxacin (MRB) inhibited the adhesion, invasion, and intracellular survival by 70.49%, 67.36%, and 74%, respectively. Confocal microscopy further revealed reductions in bacterial count in Caco-2 cells treated with MG alone or with sub-MIC of MRB. Furthermore, MG alone or in combination with sub-MIC of MRB decreased the motility of Salmonella Typhimurium. Quorum sensing genes including sdiA, srgE, and rck were downregulated by 52.8%, 61.7%, and 22.2%, respectively. Moreover, rac-1 was downregulated by 56.9% and 71.9% for MG alone and combined with sub-MIC of MRB, respectively, in mammalian cells. Furthermore, MG downregulated virulence genes of Salmonella Typhimurium including cheY, ompD, sipB, lexA, and ompF by 59.6%, 60.2%, 20.5%, 31.4%, and 16.2%, respectively. Together, the present results indicate that MG alone or in combination with a sub-MIC of MRB effectively inhibited the adhesion, invasion, and intracellular survival of Salmonella Typhimurium in vitro by downregulating quorum sensing and virulence genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biruk Tesfaye Birhanu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Na-Hye Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Md Akil Hossain
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, South Korea
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Schultz BM, Salazar GA, Paduro CA, Pardo-Roa C, Pizarro DP, Salazar-Echegarai FJ, Torres J, Riedel CA, Kalergis AM, Álvarez-Lobos MM, Bueno SM. Persistent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Infection Increases the Susceptibility of Mice to Develop Intestinal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1166. [PMID: 29896196 PMCID: PMC5986922 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic intestinal inflammations are triggered by genetic and environmental components. However, it remains unclear how specific changes in the microbiota, host immunity, or pathogen exposure could promote the onset and exacerbation of these diseases. Here, we evaluated whether Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection increases the susceptibility to develop intestinal inflammation in mice. Two mouse models were used to evaluate the impact of S. Typhimurium infection: the chemical induction of colitis by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and interleukin (IL)-10−/− mice, which develop spontaneous intestinal inflammation. We observed that S. Typhimurium infection makes DSS-treated and IL-10−/− mice more susceptible to develop intestinal inflammation. Importantly, this increased susceptibility is associated to the ability of S. Typhimurium to persist in liver and spleen of infected mice, which depends on the virulence proteins secreted by Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2-encoded type three secretion system (TTSS-2). Although immunization with a live attenuated vaccine resulted in a moderate reduction of the IL-10−/− mice susceptibility to develop intestinal inflammation due to previous S. Typhimurium infection, it did not prevent bacterial persistence. Our results suggest that persistent S. Typhimurium infection may increase the susceptibility of mice to develop inflammation in the intestine, which could be associated with virulence proteins secreted by TTSS-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara M Schultz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Geraldyne A Salazar
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina A Paduro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Pardo-Roa
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela P Pizarro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco J Salazar-Echegarai
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Torres
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel M Álvarez-Lobos
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Basic Processes in Salmonella-Host Interactions: Within-Host Evolution and the Transmission of the Virulent Genotype. Microbiol Spectr 2018; 5. [PMID: 28884670 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.mtbp-0012-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmission and virulence are central aspects of pathogen evolution. However, in many cases their interconnection has proven difficult to assess by experimentation. Here we discuss recent advances from a mouse model for Salmonella diarrhea. Mouse models mimic the enhanced susceptibility of antibiotic-treated individuals to nontyphoidal salmonellosis. In streptomycin-pretreated mice, Salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovar Typhimurium efficiently colonizes the gut lumen and elicits pronounced enteropathy. In the host's gut, S. Typhimurium forms two subpopulations that cooperate to elicit disease and optimize transmission. The disease-causing subpopulation expresses a set of dedicated virulence factors (the type 3 secretion system 1 [TTSS-1]) that drive gut tissue invasion. The virulence factor expression is "costly" by retarding the growth rate and exposing the pathogen to innate immune defenses within the gut tissue. These costs are compensated by the gut inflammation (a "public good") that is induced by the invading subpopulation. The inflamed gut lumen fuels S. Typhimurium growth, in particular that of the TTSS-1 "off" subpopulation. The latter grows up to very high densities and promotes transmission. Thus, both phenotypes cooperate to elicit disease and ensure transmission. This system has provided an experimental framework for studying within-host evolution of pathogen virulence, how cooperative virulence is stabilized, and how environmental changes (e.g., antibiotic therapy) affect the transmission of the virulent genotype.
Collapse
|
37
|
Cunha-Neto AD, Carvalho LA, Carvalho RCT, dos Prazeres Rodrigues D, Mano SB, Figueiredo EEDS, Conte-Junior CA. Salmonella isolated from chicken carcasses from a slaughterhouse in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil: antibiotic resistance profile, serotyping, and characterization by repetitive sequence-based PCR system. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1373-1381. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
38
|
Microbial interactions with the intestinal epithelium and beyond: Focusing on immune cell maturation and homeostasis. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 6:47-54. [PMID: 30294506 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial metabolites influence the function of epithelial, endothelial and immune cells in the intestinal mucosa. Microbial metabolites like SCFAs and B complex vitamins direct macrophage polarization whereas microbial derived biogenic amines modulate intestinal epithelium and immune response. Aberrant bacterial lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation and colorectal carcinogenesis. Our perception of human microbes has changed from that of opportunistic pathogens to active participants maintaining intestinal and whole body homeostasis. This review attempts to explain the dynamic and enriched interactions between the intestinal epithelial mucosa and commensal bacteria in homeostasis maintenance.
Collapse
|
39
|
Larivière-Gauthier G, Thibodeau A, Letellier A, Yergeau É, Fravalo P. Reduction of Salmonella Shedding by Sows during Gestation in Relation to Its Fecal Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2219. [PMID: 29209285 PMCID: PMC5701629 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pork meat is estimated to be responsible for 10–20% of human salmonellosis cases in Europe. Control strategies at the farm could reduce contamination at the slaughterhouse. One of the targeted sectors of production is maternity, where sows could be Salmonella reservoirs. The aim of this study was to assess the dynamics of shedding of Salmonella in terms of variation in both shedding prevalence and strains excreted during gestation in Quebec’s maternity sector. The evolution of the fecal microbiota of these sows during gestation was also assessed to detect bacterial populations associated with these variations. A total of 73 sows both at the beginning and the end of the gestation were randomly selected and their fecal matter was analyzed. Salmonella detection was conducted using a method that includes two selective enrichment media (MSRV and TBG). Nine isolates per positive samples were collected. Among the 73 sows tested, 27 were shedding Salmonella. Sows in the first third of their gestation shed Salmonella significantly more frequently (21/27) than those in the last third (6/46) (χ2P < 0.05). The shedding status of 19 of the sows that were previously sampled in the first third of their gestation was followed, this time in the last third of their gestation, which confirmed reduction of shedding. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR, significant differences between the fecal flora of sows at the beginning and the end of the gestation, shedding Salmonella or not and with different parity number were detected. Using MaAsLin, multiple OTUs were found to be associated with the time of gestation, the status of Salmonella excretion and parity number. Some of the identified taxa could be linked to the reduction of the shedding of Salmonella at the end of gestation. In this study, we showed that the level of Salmonella shedding was variable during gestation with significantly higher shedding at the beginning rather than at the end of gestation. We also observed for the first time a significant change in the microbiota during sow gestation and identified interesting taxa which could be linked to a reduced Salmonella shedding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Larivière-Gauthier
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Ann Letellier
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Étienne Yergeau
- Centre INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
MacKenzie KD, Palmer MB, Köster WL, White AP. Examining the Link between Biofilm Formation and the Ability of Pathogenic Salmonella Strains to Colonize Multiple Host Species. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:138. [PMID: 29159172 PMCID: PMC5581909 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella are important pathogens worldwide and a predominant number of human infections are zoonotic in nature. The ability of strains to form biofilms, which is a multicellular behavior characterized by the aggregation of cells, is predicted to be a conserved strategy for increased persistence and survival. It may also contribute to the increasing number of infections caused by ingestion of contaminated fruits and vegetables. There is a correlation between biofilm formation and the ability of strains to colonize and replicate within the intestines of multiple host species. These strains predominantly cause localized gastroenteritis infections in humans. In contrast, there are salmonellae that cause systemic, disseminated infections in a select few host species; these “invasive” strains have a narrowed host range, and most are unable to form biofilms. This includes host-restricted Salmonella serovar Typhi, which are only able to infect humans, and atypical gastroenteritis strains associated with the opportunistic infection of immunocompromised patients. From the perspective of transmission, biofilm formation is advantageous for ensuring pathogen survival in the environment. However, from an infection point of view, biofilm formation may be an anti-virulence trait. We do not know if the capacity to form biofilms prevents a strain from accessing the systemic compartments within the host or if loss of the biofilm phenotype reflects a change in a strain’s interaction with the host. In this review, we examine the connections between biofilm formation, Salmonella disease states, degrees of host adaptation, and how this might relate to different transmission patterns. A better understanding of the dynamic lifecycle of Salmonella will allow us to reduce the burden of livestock and human infections caused by these important pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith D MacKenzie
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Melissa B Palmer
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Wolfgang L Köster
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Aaron P White
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Draft Genome Sequences of 1,183 Salmonella Strains from the 100K Pathogen Genome Project. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/28/e00518-17. [PMID: 28705963 PMCID: PMC5511902 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00518-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is a common food-associated bacterium that has substantial impact on worldwide human health and the global economy. This is the public release of 1,183 Salmonella draft genome sequences as part of the 100K Pathogen Genome Project. These isolates represent global genomic diversity in the Salmonella genus.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens have evolved to exploit humans as a rich source of nutrients to support survival and replication. The pathways of bacterial metabolism that permit successful colonization are surprisingly varied and highlight remarkable metabolic flexibility. The constraints and immune pressures of distinct niches within the human body set the stage for understanding the mechanisms by which bacteria acquire critical nutrients. In this article we discuss how different bacterial pathogens carry out carbon and energy metabolism in the host and how they obtain or use key nutrients for replication and immune evasion.
Collapse
|
43
|
Li Y, Liu M, Zuo Z, Liu J, Yu X, Guan Y, Zhan R, Han Q, Zhang J, Zhou R, Sun R, Tian Z, Zhang C. TLR9 Regulates the NF-κB-NLRP3-IL-1β Pathway Negatively in Salmonella-Induced NKG2D-Mediated Intestinal Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:761-773. [PMID: 28576980 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
TLRs are key sensors for conserved bacterial molecules and play a critical role in host defense against invading pathogens. Although the roles of TLRs in defense against pathogen infection and in maintaining gut immune homeostasis have been studied, the precise functions of different TLRs in response to pathogen infection in the gut remain elusive. The present study investigated the role of TLR signaling in defense against the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Salmonella typhimurium The results indicated that TLR9-deficient mice were more susceptible to S. typhimurium infection compared with wild-type and TLR2- or TLR4-deficient mice, as indicated by more severe intestinal damage and the highest bacterial load. TLR9 deficiency in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) augmented the activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasomes significantly, resulting in increased secretion of IL-1β. IL-1β increased the expression of NKG2D on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and NKG2D ligands on IECs, resulting in higher susceptibility of IECs to cytotoxicity of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and damage to the epithelial barrier. We proposed that TLR9 regulates the NF-κB-NLRP3-IL-1β pathway negatively in Salmonella-induced NKG2D-mediated intestinal inflammation and plays a critical role in defense against S. typhimurium infection and in the protection of intestinal integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; and
| | - Meifang Liu
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; and
| | - Zengyan Zuo
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; and
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; and
| | - Xin Yu
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; and
| | - Yun Guan
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; and
| | - Renhui Zhan
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; and
| | - Qiuju Han
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; and
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; and
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; and
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Acurcio LB, Bastos RW, Sandes SHDC, Guimarães ACDC, Alves CG, Reis DCD, Wuyts S, Nunes ÁC, Cassali GD, Lebeer S, Souza MRD, Nicoli JR. Protective effects of milk fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum B7 from Brazilian artisanal cheese on a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection in BALB/c mice. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
|
45
|
Schultz BM, Paduro CA, Salazar GA, Salazar-Echegarai FJ, Sebastián VP, Riedel CA, Kalergis AM, Alvarez-Lobos M, Bueno SM. A Potential Role of Salmonella Infection in the Onset of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:191. [PMID: 28293241 PMCID: PMC5329042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes a set of pathologies that result from a deregulated immune response that may affect any portion of the gastrointestinal tract. The most prevalent and defined forms of IBD are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Although the etiology of IBD is not well defined, it has been suggested that environmental and genetic factors contribute to disease development and that the interaction between these two factors can trigger the pathology. Diet, medication use, vitamin D status, smoking, and bacterial infections have been proposed to influence or contribute to the onset or development of the disease in susceptible individuals. The infection with pathogenic bacteria is a key factor that can influence the development and severity of this disease. Here, we present a comprehensive review of studies performed in human and mice susceptible to IBD, which supports the notion that infection with bacterial pathogens, such as Salmonella, could promote the onset of IBD due to permanent changes in the intestinal microbiota, disruption of the epithelial barrier and alterations of the intestinal immune response after infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara M Schultz
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Carolina A Paduro
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Geraldyne A Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Francisco J Salazar-Echegarai
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Valentina P Sebastián
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Andrés Bello , Santiago , Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Endocrinología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Manuel Alvarez-Lobos
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Gastroenterología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Live-cell imaging of Salmonella Typhimurium interaction with zebrafish larvae after injection and immersion delivery methods. J Microbiol Methods 2017; 135:20-25. [PMID: 28161588 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish model has been used to determine the role of vertebrate innate immunity during bacterial infections. Here, we compare the in vivo immune response induced by GFP-tagged Salmonella Typhimurium inoculated by immersion and microinjection in transgenic zebrafish larvae. Our novel infection protocols in zebrafish allow live-cell imaging of Salmonella colonization.
Collapse
|
47
|
Zaheer R, Dugat-Bony E, Holman D, Cousteix E, Xu Y, Munns K, Selinger LJ, Barbieri R, Alexander T, McAllister TA, Selinger LB. Changes in bacterial community composition of Escherichia coli O157:H7 super-shedder cattle occur in the lower intestine. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170050. [PMID: 28141846 PMCID: PMC5283656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen that colonizes ruminants. Cattle are considered the primary reservoir of E. coli O157:H7 with super-shedders, defined as individuals excreting > 104E. coli O157:H7 CFU g-1 feces. The mechanisms leading to the super-shedding condition are largely unknown. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing to examine the composition of the fecal bacterial community in order to investigate changes in the bacterial microbiota at several locations along the digestive tract (from the duodenum to the rectal-anal junction) in 5 steers previously identified as super-shedders and 5 non-shedders. The overall bacterial community structure did not differ by E. coli O157:H7 shedding status; but several differences in the relative abundance of taxa and OTUs were noted between the two groups. The genus Prevotella was most enriched in the non-shedders while the genus Ruminococcus and the Bacteroidetes phylum were notably enriched in the super-shedders. There was greater bacterial diversity and richness in samples collected from the lower- as compared to the upper gastrointestinal tract (GI). The spiral colon was the only GI location that differed in terms of bacterial diversity between super-shedders and non-shedders. These findings reinforced linkages between E. coli O157:H7 colonization in cattle and the nature of the microbial community inhabiting the digestive tract of super-shedders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Zaheer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric Dugat-Bony
- UMR Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Devon Holman
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elodie Cousteix
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Krysty Munns
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lorna J Selinger
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rutn Barbieri
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Trevor Alexander
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - L Brent Selinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ximenes E, Hoagland L, Ku S, Li X, Ladisch M. Human pathogens in plant biofilms: Formation, physiology, and detection. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:1403-1418. [PMID: 28067424 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ximenes
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2022
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana
| | - Lori Hoagland
- Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2022
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana
| | - Xuan Li
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2022
| | - Michael Ladisch
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2022
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Micro-organisms and higher organisms have evolved together and interact in complex ways. Only a small percentage of microbes are inherently pathogenic. Pathogenicity, the ability of infectious agents to cause disease, must be interpreted in the context of the properties of both transmissible agent and host. Understanding this interplay is important to developing methods to prevent infection and reduce the severity of disease. The initial step in infection is usually adherence, mediated by the interaction of surface structures on the pathogen with host cell membrane proteins or carbohydrates. This often presents excellent targets for immunity. Intracellular pathogens have evolved methods to neutralize the cellular defenses that can destroy invaders.
Collapse
|
50
|
The Two-Component System ArlRS and Alterations in Metabolism Enable Staphylococcus aureus to Resist Calprotectin-Induced Manganese Starvation. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006040. [PMID: 27902777 PMCID: PMC5130280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During infection the host imposes manganese and zinc starvation on invading pathogens. Despite this, Staphylococcus aureus and other successful pathogens remain capable of causing devastating disease. However, how these invaders adapt to host-imposed metal starvation and overcome nutritional immunity remains unknown. We report that ArlRS, a global staphylococcal virulence regulator, enhances the ability of S. aureus to grow in the presence of the manganese-and zinc-binding innate immune effector calprotectin. Utilization of calprotectin variants with altered metal binding properties revealed that strains lacking ArlRS are specifically more sensitive to manganese starvation. Loss of ArlRS did not alter the expression of manganese importers or prevent S. aureus from acquiring metals. It did, however, alter staphylococcal metabolism and impair the ability of S. aureus to grow on amino acids. Further studies suggested that relative to consuming glucose, the preferred carbon source of S. aureus, utilizing amino acids reduced the cellular demand for manganese. When forced to use glucose as the sole carbon source S. aureus became more sensitive to calprotectin compared to when amino acids are provided. Infection experiments utilizing wild type and calprotectin-deficient mice, which have defects in manganese sequestration, revealed that ArlRS is important for disease when manganese availability is restricted but not when this essential nutrient is freely available. In total, these results indicate that altering cellular metabolism contributes to the ability of pathogens to resist manganese starvation and that ArlRS enables S. aureus to overcome nutritional immunity by facilitating this adaptation. The ubiquitous pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a serious threat to human health due to the continued spread of antibiotic resistance. This spread has made it challenging to treat staphylococcal infections and led to the call for new approaches to treat this devastating pathogen. One approach is to disrupt the ability of S. aureus to adapt to nutrient availability during infection. During infection, the host imposes manganese and zinc starvation on invading pathogens. However, the mechanisms utilized by Staphylococcus aureus to overcome this host defense are unknown. We report that ArlRS, a global staphylococcal virulence regulator, is important for resisting manganese starvation during infection. Loss of ArlRS does not prevent S. aureus from acquiring metals but instead renders the bacterium incapable of adapting to limited manganese availability. ArlRS mutants also have metabolic defects and a reduced ability to grow on amino acids. When using glucose as a carbon source S. aureus is more sensitive to manganese starvation and increases the expression of manganese transporters relative to when amino acids are provided suggesting a higher demand for manganese. These observations indicate that ArlRS contributes to resisting nutritional immunity by altering metabolism to reduce the staphylococcal demand for manganese.
Collapse
|