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Brahadeeswaran S, Tamizhselvi R. Consequence of alcohol intoxication-mediated efferocytosis impairment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1386658. [PMID: 39104537 PMCID: PMC11298354 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1386658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol ingestion is a widespread habituation that evolved along with a growing population, altering physiological conditions through immunomodulatory function. There is much research that has reported that consumption of alcohol at low and heavy levels causes different biological impacts, including cellular injury, leading to systemic dysfunction and increased inflammatory markers. In the fate of professional phagocytic cells, efferocytosis is an inevitable mechanism activated by the apoptotic cells, thus eliminating them and preventing the accumulation of cell corpses/debris in the microenvironment. Subsequently, it promotes the tissue repair mechanism and maintains cellular homeostasis. Unfortunately, defective efferocytosis is widely found in several inflammatory and age-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, autoimmune diseases, lung injury, fatty liver disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. Alcohol abuse is one of the factors that provoke an immune response that increases the rate of morbidity and mortality in parallel in systemic disease patients. Information regarding the emergence of immunomodulation during alcoholic pathogenesis and its association with efferocytosis impairment remain elusive. Hence, here in this review, we discussed the mechanism of efferocytosis, the role of defective efferocytosis in inflammatory diseases, and the role of alcohol on efferocytosis impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramasamy Tamizhselvi
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Cai W, Lian L, Li A, Zhang Q, Li M, Zhang J, Xie Y. Cardiac resident macrophages: The core of cardiac immune homeostasis. Cell Signal 2024; 119:111169. [PMID: 38599440 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac resident macrophages (CRMs) are essential in maintaining the balance of the immune homeostasis in the heart. One of the main factors in the progression of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocarditis, myocardial infarction(MI), and heart failure(HF), is the imbalance in the regulatory mechanisms of CRMs. Recent studies have reported novel heterogeneity and spatiotemporal complexity of CRMs, and their role in maintaining cardiac immune homeostasis and treating cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we focus on the functions of CRMs, including immune surveillance, immune phagocytosis, and immune metabolism, and explore the impact of CRM's homeostasis imbalance on cardiac injury and cardiac repair. We also discuss the therapeutic approaches linked to CRMs. The immunomodulatory strategies targeting CRMs may be a therapeutic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Cai
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Lu Lian
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Aolin Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300183, China.
| | - YingYu Xie
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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3
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Ghorbanzadeh S, Khojini JY, Abouali R, Alimardan S, Zahedi M, Tahershamsi Z, Tajbakhsh A, Gheibihayat SM. Clearing the Path: Exploring Apoptotic Cell Clearance in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders for Therapeutic Advancements. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01222-6. [PMID: 38935260 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, characterized by dysregulated immune responses leading to tissue damage and chronic inflammation, present significant health challenges. This review uniquely focuses on efferocytosis-the phagocyte-mediated clearance of apoptotic cells-and its pivotal role in these disorders. We delve into the intricate mechanisms of efferocytosis' four stages and their implications in disease pathogenesis, distinguishing our study from previous literature. Our findings highlight impaired efferocytosis in conditions like atherosclerosis and asthma, proposing its targeting as a novel therapeutic strategy. We discuss the therapeutic potential of efferocytosis in modulating immune responses and resolving inflammation, offering a new perspective in treating inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Ghorbanzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Javad Yaghmoorian Khojini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 8915173143, Yazd, IR, Iran
| | - Reza Abouali
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Sajad Alimardan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zahedi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Tahershamsi
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 8915173143, Yazd, IR, Iran.
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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4
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Iglesias-Velazquez O, Gf Tresguerres F, F Tresguerres I, Leco-Berrocal I, Lopez-Pintor R, Baca L, Torres J. OsteoMac: A new player on the bone biology scene. Ann Anat 2024; 254:152244. [PMID: 38492654 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The knowledge of bone biology has undergone major advances in recent decades. In bone, resorbing osteoclasts have classically been described as tissue-resident macrophages, however, it is currently known that a new subtype of macrophages, called OsteoMacs, are specialised bone-resident macrophages, which, depending on certain conditions, may play an important role not only in bone homeostasis, but also in promoting pro-anabolic functions or in creating an inflammatory environment. There is growing evidence that these osteal macrophages may influence the development of bone-loss diseases. It is essential to understand the biological bases underlying bone physiological processes to search for new therapeutic targets for bone-loss diseases, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or even periodontal disease. This narrative review provides an update on the origin, characterisation, and possible roles of osteoMacs in bone biology. Finally, the potential clinical applications of this new cell in bone-loss disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Iglesias-Velazquez
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Gf Tresguerres
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel F Tresguerres
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Leco-Berrocal
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Lopez-Pintor
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Baca
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Torres
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
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5
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Chakraborty A, Kamat SS. Lysophosphatidylserine: A Signaling Lipid with Implications in Human Diseases. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5470-5504. [PMID: 38607675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylserine (lyso-PS) has emerged as yet another important signaling lysophospholipid in mammals, and deregulation in its metabolism has been directly linked to an array of human autoimmune and neurological disorders. It has an indispensable role in several biological processes in humans, and therefore, cellular concentrations of lyso-PS are tightly regulated to ensure optimal signaling and functioning in physiological settings. Given its biological importance, the past two decades have seen an explosion in the available literature toward our understanding of diverse aspects of lyso-PS metabolism and signaling and its association with human diseases. In this Review, we aim to comprehensively summarize different aspects of lyso-PS, such as its structure, biodistribution, chemical synthesis, and SAR studies with some synthetic analogs. From a biochemical perspective, we provide an exhaustive coverage of the diverse biological activities modulated by lyso-PSs, such as its metabolism and the receptors that respond to them in humans. We also briefly discuss the human diseases associated with aberrant lyso-PS metabolism and signaling and posit some future directions that may advance our understanding of lyso-PS-mediated mammalian physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Chakraborty
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddhesh S Kamat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
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Vetter M, Saas P. [Strong as death or how efferocytotic macrophages promote the resolution of inflammation]. Med Sci (Paris) 2024; 40:428-436. [PMID: 38819278 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2024050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is an active process leading to the restoration of tissue homeostasis. A critical step in the initiation of this process is the elimination of apoptotic immune cells by macrophages. This well-organized process, called efferocytosis, involves four different steps, namely the attraction of macrophages to the site where the cells die, the recognition of apoptotic cells, their internalization and their digestion leading to the activation of different metabolic pathways. All these steps are responsible for the reprogramming of macrophages towards a pro-resolving profile. Efferocytic macrophages produce several factors involved in the resolution of inflammation. These factors include lipids (i.e., specialized pro-resolving mediators such as lipoxins), and proteins (e.g., IL-10 or TGF-β). Here, we describe the different steps of efferocytosis and the mechanisms responsible for both macrophage reprogramming and the release of pro-resolving factors. These factors may represent a new therapeutic approach, called resolution therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Vetter
- Université de Franche-Comté, Établissement Français du Sang (EFS), Inserm, UMR 1098 RIGHT Besançon, France - LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France
| | - Philippe Saas
- LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France - Établissement Français du Sang, Recherche et développement, Grenoble, France - Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
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7
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Mann V, Sundaresan A, Shishodia S. Overnutrition and Lipotoxicity: Impaired Efferocytosis and Chronic Inflammation as Precursors to Multifaceted Disease Pathogenesis. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:241. [PMID: 38666853 PMCID: PMC11048223 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Overnutrition, driven by the consumption of high-fat, high-sugar diets, has reached epidemic proportions and poses a significant global health challenge. Prolonged overnutrition leads to the deposition of excessive lipids in adipose and non-adipose tissues, a condition known as lipotoxicity. The intricate interplay between overnutrition-induced lipotoxicity and the immune system plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. This review aims to elucidate the consequences of impaired efferocytosis, caused by lipotoxicity-poisoned macrophages, leading to chronic inflammation and the subsequent development of severe infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer, as well as chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Chronic overnutrition promotes adipose tissue expansion which induces cellular stress and inflammatory responses, contributing to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Moreover, sustained exposure to lipotoxicity impairs the efferocytic capacity of macrophages, compromising their ability to efficiently engulf and remove dead cells. The unresolved chronic inflammation perpetuates a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, exacerbating tissue damage and promoting the development of various diseases. The interaction between overnutrition, lipotoxicity, and impaired efferocytosis highlights a critical pathway through which chronic inflammation emerges, facilitating the development of severe infectious diseases, autoimmunity, cancer, and chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these intricate connections sheds light on potential therapeutic avenues to mitigate the detrimental effects of overnutrition and lipotoxicity on immune function and tissue homeostasis, thereby paving the way for novel interventions aimed at reducing the burden of these multifaceted diseases on global health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shishir Shishodia
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA; (V.M.); (A.S.)
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8
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Najera J, Berry MM, Ramirez AD, Reyes BR, Angel A, Jellyman JK, Mercer F. Bovine neutrophils kill the sexually-transmitted parasite Tritrichomonas foetus using trogocytosis. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:865-875. [PMID: 37968413 PMCID: PMC10998815 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Tritrichomonas foetus (T. foetus) is the causative organism of bovine trichomonosis (also referred to as trichomoniasis), a sexually-transmitted infection that reduces fertility in cattle. Efforts to control trichomonosis on cattle farms are hindered by the discouragement of antibiotic use in agriculture, and the incomplete, short-lived protection conferred by the current vaccines. A more complete mechanistic understanding of what effective immunity to T. foetus entails could enable the development of more robust infection control strategies. While neutrophils, the primary responders to infection, are present in infected tissues and have been shown to kill the parasite in vitro, the mechanism they use for parasite killing has not been established. Here, we show that primary bovine neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood rapidly kill T. foetus in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, and that optimal parasite killing is reduced by inhibitors of trogocytosis. We also use imaging to show that bovine neutrophils surround T. foetus and trogocytose its membrane. These findings are consistent with killing via trogocytosis, a recently described novel neutrophil antimicrobial mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Najera
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Michael M Berry
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Ashley D Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Bryan Ramirez Reyes
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Arielle Angel
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Juanita K Jellyman
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Frances Mercer
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA.
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9
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Romero-Ramírez L, García-Rama C, Mey J. Janus Kinase Inhibitor Brepocitinib Rescues Myelin Phagocytosis Under Inflammatory Conditions: In Vitro Evidence from Microglia and Macrophage Cell Lines. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03963-6. [PMID: 38308667 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injuries induce cell death and consequently the release of myelin and other cellular debris. Microglia as well as hematogenous macrophages actively collaborate to phagocyte them and undergo their degradation. However, myelin accumulation persists in the lesion site long after the injury with detrimental effects on axonal regeneration. This might be due to the presence of inhibitors of phagocytosis in the injury site. As we recently published that some proinflammatory stimuli, like interferon-γ (IFNγ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), inhibit myelin phagocytosis in macrophages, we have now studied the signaling pathways involved. A phagocytosis assay in Raw264.7 macrophages and N13 microglia cell lines with labeled myelin was developed with the pHrodo reagent that emits fluorescence in acidic cellular compartments (e.g.lysosomes). Pharmacological inhibition of Janus kinases (Jak) with Brepocitinib restored myelin phagocytosis and rescued the expression of genes related to phagocytosis, like triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), induced by IFNγ or LPS. In addition, while pharmacological inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) rescued myelin phagocytosis and the expression of phagocytosis related genes in the presence of LPS, it did not have any effect on IFNγ-treated cells. Our results show that Jak pathways participate in the inhibition of myelin phagocytosis by IFNγ and LPS. They also indicate that the resolution of inflammation is important for the clearance of cellular debris by macrophages and subsequent regenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Romero-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Regeneración Neuronal, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca La Peraleda S/N, 45071, Toledo, Spain.
| | - Concepción García-Rama
- Laboratorio de Regeneración Neuronal, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca La Peraleda S/N, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jörg Mey
- Laboratorio de Regeneración Neuronal, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca La Peraleda S/N, 45071, Toledo, Spain
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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10
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Li H, Zhao J, Li Y, Dong Z, Lin S, Guo B, Qi P. Transcriptome analysis reveals tissue-specific responses of Mytilus unguiculatus to Vibrio alginolyticus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109301. [PMID: 38110106 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Mytilus unguiculatus is an important economic bivalve species with wide consumption and aquaculture value. Disease is one of the primary limiting factors in mussel aquaculture, thus understanding the response of different tissues of M. unguiculatus to pathogens is crucial for disease prevention and control. In this study, we investigated the physiological and transcriptomic responses of the gills, adductor muscle, and mantle of M. unguiculatus infected with Vibrio alginolyticus. The results showed that V. alginolyticus infection caused inflammation and tissue structure changes in the gill, adductor muscle and mantle of M. unguiculatus. Meanwhile, the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the three tissues increased, while the total antioxidant capacity decreased, suggesting that M. unguiculatus have an activated defense mechanism against infection-induced oxidative stress, despite a compromised total antioxidant capacity. Transcriptomic studies reveal that infected M. unguiculatus exhibits upregulation of endocytosis, lysosome activity, cellular apoptosis, and immune-related signaling pathways, indicating that M. unguiculatus responds to pathogen invasion by upregulating efferocytosis. Compared with the gill and adductor muscle, the mantle had a higher level of mytimycin, mytilin and myticin, and the three tissues also increased the expression of mytimycin to cope with the invasion of pathogens. In addition, the analysis of genes related to taste transduction pathways and muscle contraction and relaxation found that after infection with V. alginolyticus, M. unguiculatus may reduce appetite by inhibiting taste transduction in the gill, while improving muscle contraction of the adductor muscle and keeping the shell closed, to resist further invasion of pathogens and reduce the risk of pathogen transmission in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Li
- Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316021, China; National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316004, China.
| | - Jiemei Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316004, China
| | - Yaru Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316004, China
| | - Zhenyu Dong
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316004, China
| | - Shuangrui Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316004, China
| | - Baoying Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316004, China
| | - Pengzhi Qi
- Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316021, China; National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316004, China.
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11
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Lee JW, Kim HW, Yu AR, Yoon HS, Kang M, Park HW, Lee SK, Whang J, Kim JS. Differential Immune Responses and Underlying Mechanisms of Metabolic Reprogramming in Smooth and Rough Variants of Mycobacterium peregrinum Infections. Pathogens 2023; 12:1446. [PMID: 38133329 PMCID: PMC10747217 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium peregrinum (Mpgm) is a rapidly growing mycobacteria that is classified as a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) and is commonly found in environmental sources such as soil, water, and animals. Mpgm is considered an opportunistic pathogen that causes infection in immunocompromised individuals or those with underlying medical conditions. Although there have been clinical reports on Mpgm, reports of the immune response and metabolic reprogramming have not been published. Thus, we studied standard Mpgm-ATCC and two clinical strains (Mpgm-S and Mpgm-R) using macrophages and mouse bone marrow-derived cells. Mpgm has two types of colony morphologies: smooth and rough. We grew all strains on the 7H10 agar medium to visually validate the morphology. Cytokine levels were measured via ELISA and real-time PCR. The changes in mitochondrial function and glycolysis in Mpgm-infected macrophages were measured using an extracellular flux analyzer. Mpgm-S-infected macrophages showed elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12p40, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, compared to Mpgm-ATCC- and Mpgm-R-infected macrophages. Additionally, our findings revealed metabolic changes in Mpgm-ATCC and two clinical strains (Mpgm-S and Mpgm-R) during infection; significant changes were observed in the mitochondrial respiration, extracellular acidification, and the oxygen consumption of BMDMs upon Mpgm-S infection. In summary, within the strains examined, Mpgm-S displayed greater virulence, triggered a heightened immune response, and induced more profound shifts in bioenergetic metabolism than Mpgm-ATCC and Mpgm-R. This study is the first to document distinct immune responses and metabolic reorganization following Mpgm infection. These findings lay a crucial foundation for further investigations into the pathogenesis of Mpgm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Lee
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea; (J.W.L.); (H.W.K.); (A.-R.Y.); (H.S.Y.)
| | - Ho Won Kim
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea; (J.W.L.); (H.W.K.); (A.-R.Y.); (H.S.Y.)
| | - A-Reum Yu
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea; (J.W.L.); (H.W.K.); (A.-R.Y.); (H.S.Y.)
| | - Hoe Sun Yoon
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea; (J.W.L.); (H.W.K.); (A.-R.Y.); (H.S.Y.)
| | - Minji Kang
- Korea Mycobacterium Resource Center (KMRC), Department of Research and Development, The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Osong 28158, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hwan-Woo Park
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Ki Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jake Whang
- Korea Mycobacterium Resource Center (KMRC), Department of Research and Development, The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Osong 28158, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong-Seok Kim
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea; (J.W.L.); (H.W.K.); (A.-R.Y.); (H.S.Y.)
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12
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Monaghan MG, Borah R, Thomsen C, Browne S. Thou shall not heal: Overcoming the non-healing behaviour of diabetic foot ulcers by engineering the inflammatory microenvironment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115120. [PMID: 37884128 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a devastating complication for diabetic patients that have debilitating effects and can ultimately lead to limb amputation. Healthy wounds progress through the phases of healing leading to tissue regeneration and restoration of the barrier function of the skin. In contrast, in diabetic patients dysregulation of these phases leads to chronic, non-healing wounds. In particular, unresolved inflammation in the DFU microenvironment has been identified as a key facet of chronic wounds in hyperglyceamic patients, as DFUs fail to progress beyond the inflammatory phase and towards resolution. Thus, control over and modulation of the inflammatory response is a promising therapeutic avenue for DFU treatment. This review discusses the current state-of-the art regarding control of the inflammatory response in the DFU microenvironment, with a specific focus on the development of biomaterials-based delivery strategies and their cargos to direct tissue regeneration in the DFU microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Centre at Trinity College Dublin and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Rajiv Borah
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Centre at Trinity College Dublin and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Charlotte Thomsen
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shane Browne
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
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13
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Mohammad-Rafiei F, Moadab F, Mahmoudi A, Navashenaq JG, Gheibihayat SM. Efferocytosis: a double-edged sword in microbial immunity. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:370. [PMID: 37925389 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Efferocytosis is characterized as the rapid and efficient process by which dying or dead cells are removed. This type of clearance is initiated via "find-me" signals, and then, carries on by "eat-me" and "don't-eat-me" ones. Efferocytosis has a critical role to play in tissue homeostasis and innate immunity. However, some evidence suggests it as a double-edged sword in microbial immunity. In other words, some pathogens have degraded efferocytosis by employing efferocytic mechanisms to bypass innate immune detection and promote infection, despite the function of this process for the control and clearance of pathogens. In this review, the efferocytosis mechanisms from the recognition of dying cells to phagocytic engulfment are initially presented, and then, its diverse roles in inflammation and immunity are highlighted. In this case, much focus is also laid on some bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum), Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP), Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), Influenza A virus (IAV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Leishmania, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohammad-Rafiei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moadab
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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14
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Mott D, Yang J, Baer C, Papavinasasundaram K, Sassetti CM, Behar SM. High Bacillary Burden and the ESX-1 Type VII Secretion System Promote MHC Class I Presentation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Macrophages to CD8 T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1531-1542. [PMID: 37000471 PMCID: PMC10159937 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
We used a mouse model to study how Mycobacterium tuberculosis subverts host defenses to persist in macrophages despite immune pressure. CD4 T cells can recognize macrophages infected with a single bacillus in vitro. Under identical conditions, CD8 T cells inefficiently recognize infected macrophages and fail to restrict M. tuberculosis growth, although they can inhibit M. tuberculosis growth during high-burden intracellular infection. We show that high intracellular M. tuberculosis numbers cause macrophage death, leading other macrophages to scavenge cellular debris and cross-present the TB10.4 Ag to CD8 T cells. Presentation by infected macrophages requires M. tuberculosis to have a functional ESX-1 type VII secretion system. These data indicate that phagosomal membrane damage and cell death promote MHC class I presentation of the immunodominant Ag TB10.4 by macrophages. Although this mode of Ag presentation stimulates cytokine production that we presume would be host beneficial, killing of uninfected cells could worsen immunopathology. We suggest that shifting the focus of CD8 T cell recognition to uninfected macrophages would limit the interaction of CD8 T cells with infected macrophages and impair CD8 T cell-mediated resolution of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mott
- Immunology and Microbiology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason Yang
- Immunology and Microbiology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Baer
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kadamba Papavinasasundaram
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher M. Sassetti
- Immunology and Microbiology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel M. Behar
- Immunology and Microbiology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Wang Y, Dai G, Lin Z, Cheng C, Zhou X, Song M, Chen P, Ma S, Hu Y, Liu G, Yu B. TWIST1 rescue calcium overload and apoptosis induced by inflammatory microenvironment in S. aureus-induced osteomyelitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110153. [PMID: 37071966 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is no effective therapy for Staphylococcus aureus-induced osteomyelitis. It is widely recognized that the inflammatory microenvironment around abscess plays an essential role in protracting the course of S. aureus-induced osteomyelitis. In this study, we found TWIST1 was highly expressed in macrophages around abscesses but less related to local S. aureus in the later stages of Staphylococcus aureus-infected osteomyelitis. Mouse bone marrow macrophages show apoptosis and elevated TWIST1 expression when treated with the inflammatory medium. Knockdown of TWIST1 induced macrophage apoptosis, impaired the bacteria phagocytosis/killing abilities, and promoted cell apoptosis markers expression in inflammatory microenvironment stimulation. Furthermore, inflammatory microenvironments were responsible for inducing calcium overload in macrophage mitochondrial while calcium overload inhibition significantly rescued macrophage apoptosis, bacteria phagocytosis/killing abilities and improved the mice's antimicrobial ability. Our findings indicated that TWIST1 is a crucial molecule that protects macrophages from calcium overload induced by inflammatory microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guandong Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zexin Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiyu Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuyou Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingrui Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopedics, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan, Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Sushuang Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanjun Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanqiao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Purnama CA, Meiliana A, Barliana MI, Lestari K. Update of cellular responses to the efferocytosis of necroptosis and pyroptosis. Cell Div 2023; 18:5. [PMID: 37032375 PMCID: PMC10084608 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-023-00087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is a basic physiological process that occurs in all living organisms. A few key players in these mechanisms, as well as various forms of cell death programming, have been identified. Apoptotic cell phagocytosis, also known as apoptotic cell clearance, is a well-established process regulated by a number of molecular components, including 'find-me', 'eat-me' and engulfment signals. Efferocytosis, or the rapid phagocytic clearance of cell death, is a critical mechanism for tissue homeostasis. Despite having similar mechanism to phagocytic clearance of infections, efferocytosis differs from phagocytosis in that it induces a tissue-healing response and is immunologically inert. However, as field of cell death has rapid expanded, much attention has recently been drawn to the efferocytosis of additional necrotic-like cell types, such as necroptosis and pyroptosis. Unlike apoptosis, this method of cell suicide allows the release of immunogenic cellular material and causes inflammation. Regardless of the cause of cell death, the clearance of dead cells is a necessary function to avoid uncontrolled synthesis of pro-inflammatory molecules and inflammatory disorder. We compare and contrast apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis, as well as the various molecular mechanisms of efferocytosis in each type of cell death, and investigate how these may have functional effects on different intracellular organelles and signalling networks. Understanding how efferocytic cells react to necroptotic and pyroptotic cell uptake can help us understand how to modulate these cell death processes for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Agung Purnama
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno Km 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
- Prodia Clinical Laboratory, Jl. Supratman No. 43, Bandung, 40114, Indonesia
| | - Anna Meiliana
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno Km 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
- Prodia Clinical Laboratory, Jl. Supratman No. 43, Bandung, 40114, Indonesia
- Prodia Education and Research Institute, Jl. Kramat Raya No 150, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Melisa Intan Barliana
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno Km 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia.
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno Km 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia.
| | - Keri Lestari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno Km 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno Km 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
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17
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Gurwicz N, Stoler-Barak L, Schwan N, Bandyopadhyay A, Meyer-Hermann M, Shulman Z. Tingible body macrophages arise from lymph node-resident precursors and uptake B cells by dendrites. J Exp Med 2023; 220:213834. [PMID: 36705667 PMCID: PMC9900388 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20222173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody affinity maturation depends on the formation of germinal centers (GCs) in lymph nodes. This process generates a massive number of apoptotic B cells, which are removed by a specialized subset of phagocytes, known as tingible body macrophages (TBMs). Although defects in these cells are associated with pathological conditions, the identity of their precursors and the dynamics of dying GC B cell disposal remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that TBMs originate from pre-existing lymph node-resident precursors that enter the lymph node follicles in a GC-dependent manner. Intravital imaging shows that TBMs are stationary cells that selectively phagocytose GC B cells via highly dynamic protrusions and accommodate the final stages of B cell apoptosis. Cell-specific depletion and chimeric mouse models revealed that GC B cells drive TBM formation from bone marrow-derived precursors stationed within lymphoid organs prior to the immune challenge. Understanding TBM dynamics and function may explain the emergence of various antibody-mediated autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Gurwicz
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liat Stoler-Barak
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, Israel
| | - Niklas Schwan
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Arnab Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ziv Shulman
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, Israel
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18
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Razi S, Yaghmoorian Khojini J, Kargarijam F, Panahi S, Tahershamsi Z, Tajbakhsh A, Gheibihayat SM. Macrophage efferocytosis in health and disease. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:152-165. [PMID: 36794573 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Creating cellular homeostasis within a defined tissue typically relates to the processes of apoptosis and efferocytosis. A great example here is cell debris that must be removed to prevent unwanted inflammatory responses and then reduce autoimmunity. In view of that, defective efferocytosis is often assumed to be responsible for the improper clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs). This predicament triggers off inflammation and even results in disease development. Any disruption of phagocytic receptors, molecules as bridging groups, or signaling routes can also inhibit macrophage efferocytosis and lead to the impaired clearance of the apoptotic body. In this line, macrophages as professional phagocytic cells take the lead in the efferocytosis process. As well, insufficiency in macrophage efferocytosis facilitates the spread of a wide variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, kidney problems, types of cancer, asthma, and the like. Establishing the functions of macrophages in this respect can be thus useful in the treatment of many diseases. Against this background, this review aimed to recapitulate the knowledge about the mechanisms related to macrophage polarization under physiological or pathological conditions, and shed light on its interaction with efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokufeh Razi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Yaghmoorian Khojini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fateme Kargarijam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Susan Panahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zahra Tahershamsi
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Munich, Germany
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19
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Knudsen-Clark AM, Cazarin J, Altman BJ. Do macrophages follow the beat of circadian rhythm in TIME (Tumor Immune Microenvironment)? F1000Res 2023; 12:101. [PMID: 37469718 PMCID: PMC10352629 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.129863.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in cancer research have made clear the critical role of the immune response in clearing tumors. This breakthrough in scientific understanding was heralded by the success of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies such as anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/ programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), as well as the success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in treating liquid tumors. Thus, much effort has been made to further understand the role of the immune response in tumor progression, and how we may target it to treat cancer. Macrophages are a component of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) that can promote tumor growth both indirectly, by suppressing T cell responses necessary for tumor killing, as well as directly, through deposition of extracellular matrix and promotion of angiogenesis. Thus, understanding regulation of macrophages within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is key to targeting them for immunotherapy. However, circadian rhythms (24-hour cycles) are a fundamental aspect of macrophage biology that have yet to be investigated for their role in macrophage-mediated suppression of the anti-tumor immune response Circadian rhythms regulate macrophage-mediated immune responses through time-of-day-dependent regulation of macrophage function. A better understanding of the circadian biology of macrophages in the context of the TME may allow us to exploit synergy between existing and upcoming treatments and circadian regulation of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia M. Knudsen-Clark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA
| | - Juliana Cazarin
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA
| | - Brian J. Altman
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA
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20
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de Gaetano M. Development of synthetic lipoxin-A4 mimetics (sLXms): New avenues in the treatment of cardio-metabolic diseases. Semin Immunol 2023; 65:101699. [PMID: 36428172 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Resolution of inflammation is a complex, dynamic process consisting of several distinct processes, including inhibition of endothelial activation and leukocyte trafficking; promotion of inflammatory cell apoptosis and subsequent non-phlogistic scavenging and degradation; augmentation of pathogen phagocytosis; modulation of stromal cell phenotype coupled to the promotion of tissue regeneration and repair. Among these tightly regulated processes, the clearance and degradation of apoptotic cells without eliciting an inflammatory response is a crucial allostatic mechanism vital to developmental processes, host defence, and the effective resolution of inflammation. These efferocytic and subsequent effero-metabolism processes can be carried out by professional and non-professional phagocytes. Defective removal or inadequate processing of apoptotic cells leads to persistent unresolved inflammation, which may promote insidious pathologies including scarring, fibrosis, and eventual organ failure. In this manuscript, the well-established role of endothelial activation and leukocyte extravasation, as classical vascular targets of the 'inflammation pharmacology', will be briefly reviewed. The main focus of this work is to bring attention to a less explored aspect of the 'resolution pharmacology', aimed at tackling defective efferocytosis and inefficient effero-metabolism, as key targeted mechanisms to prevent or pre-empt vascular complications in cardio-metabolic diseases. Despite the use of gold standard lipid-lowering drugs or glucose-lowering drugs, none of them are able to tackle the so called residual inflammatory risk and/or the metabolic memory. In this review, the development of synthetic mimetics of endogenous mediators of inflammation is highlighted. Such molecules finely tune key components across the whole inflammatory process, amongst various other novel therapeutic paradigms that have emerged over the past decade, including anti-inflammatory therapy. More specifically, FPR2-agonists in general, and Lipoxin analogues in particular, greatly enhance the reprogramming and cross-talk between classical and non-classical innate immune cells, thus inducing both termination of the pro-inflammatory state as well as promoting the subsequent resolving phase, which represent pivotal mechanisms in inflammatory cardio-metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica de Gaetano
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute & School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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21
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Bajgar A, Krejčová G. On the origin of the functional versatility of macrophages. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1128984. [PMID: 36909237 PMCID: PMC9998073 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1128984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages represent the most functionally versatile cells in the animal body. In addition to recognizing and destroying pathogens, macrophages remove senescent and exhausted cells, promote wound healing, and govern tissue and metabolic homeostasis. In addition, many specialized populations of tissue-resident macrophages exhibit highly specialized functions essential for the function of specific organs. Sometimes, however, macrophages cease to perform their protective function and their seemingly incomprehensible response to certain stimuli leads to pathology. In this study, we address the question of the origin of the functional versatility of macrophages. To this end, we have searched for the evolutionary origin of macrophages themselves and for the emergence of their characteristic properties. We hypothesize that many of the characteristic features of proinflammatory macrophages evolved in the unicellular ancestors of animals, and that the functional repertoire of macrophage-like amoebocytes further expanded with the evolution of multicellularity and the increasing complexity of tissues and organ systems. We suggest that the entire repertoire of macrophage functions evolved by repurposing and diversification of basic functions that evolved early in the evolution of metazoans under conditions barely comparable to that in tissues of multicellular organisms. We believe that by applying this perspective, we may find an explanation for the otherwise counterintuitive behavior of macrophages in many human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bajgar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia.,Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Gabriela Krejčová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia.,Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
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22
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Chakraborty A, Dharmaraj S, Truong N, Pearson RM. Excipient-Free Ionizable Polyester Nanoparticles for Lung-Selective and Innate Immune Cell Plasmid DNA and mRNA Transfection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:56440-56453. [PMID: 36525379 PMCID: PMC9872050 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Extrahepatic nucleic acid delivery using polymers typically requires the synthesis and purification of custom monomers, post-synthetic modifications, and incorporation of additional excipients to augment their stability, endosomal escape, and in vivo effectiveness. Here, we report the development of a single-component and excipient-free, polyester-based nucleic acid delivery nanoparticle platform comprising ionizable N-methyldiethanolamine (MDET) and various hydrophobic alkyl diols (Cp) that achieves lung-selective nucleic acid transfection in vivo. PolyMDET and polyMDET-Cp polyplexes displayed high serum and enzymatic stability, while delivering pDNA or mRNA to "hard-to-transfect" innate immune cells. PolyMDET-C4 and polyMDET-C6 mediated high protein expression in lung alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells without inducing tissue damage or systemic inflammatory responses. Improved strategies using readily available starting materials to produce a simple, excipient-free, non-viral nucleic acid delivery platform with lung-selective and innate immune cell tropism has the potential to expedite clinical deployment of polymer-based genetic medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland21201, United States
| | - Shruti Dharmaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland21201, United States
| | - Nhu Truong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland21201, United States
| | - Ryan M Pearson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland21201, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland21201, United States
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland21201, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, Maryland21201, United States
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23
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Cui Y, Tang Y, Shao M, Zang X, Jiang Y, Cui Z, Dang G, Liu S. Mycobacterium tuberculosis protease Rv3090 is associated with late cell apoptosis and participates in organ injuries and mycobacterial dissemination in mice. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105880. [PMID: 36402348 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Mtb can overcome macrophage intracellular killing and lead to persistent infections. The proteases of Mtb are critical virulence factors that participate in immune responses. We determined that Rv3090 is a cell wall-associated protease and a potential pathogenic factor. To characterize the role of Rv3090 in Mtb, recombinant Msg_Rv3090 and Msg_pAIN strains were constructed to infect macrophages and mice. Lactate dehydrogenase assays and flow cytometry results showed that Rv3090 induces late macrophage apoptosis. In vivo infection experiments indicated that Rv3090 could induce hepatocyte and lung cell apoptosis and cause pathological damage to the spleen, livers and lungs. Msg_Rv3090 specifically stimulated the secretion of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Overexpression of Rv3090 significantly promoted the survival of Msg in livers and lungs. Thus, Rv3090 protease triggered late cell apoptosis and contributed to the pathogenicity and dissemination of Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.678, Haping Street, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Yangyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.678, Haping Street, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Mingzhu Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.678, Haping Street, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Xinxin Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.678, Haping Street, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.678, Haping Street, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Ziyin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.678, Haping Street, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Guanghui Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.678, Haping Street, Harbin, 150069, PR China.
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.678, Haping Street, Harbin, 150069, PR China.
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Wang L, Xiong Y, Fu B, Guo D, Zaky MY, Lin X, Wu H. MicroRNAs as immune regulators and biomarkers in tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1027472. [PMID: 36389769 PMCID: PMC9647078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1027472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is one of the most lethal infectious disease worldwide, and it greatly affects human health. Some diagnostic and therapeutic methods are available to effectively prevent and treat TB; however, only a few systematic studies have described the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in TB. Combining multiple clinical datasets and previous studies on Mtb and miRNAs, we state that pathogens can exploit interactions between miRNAs and other biomolecules to avoid host mechanisms of immune-mediated clearance and survive in host cells for a long time. During the interaction between Mtb and host cells, miRNA expression levels are altered, resulting in the changes in the miRNA-mediated regulation of host cell metabolism, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and autophagy. In addition, differential miRNA expression can be used to distinguish healthy individuals, patients with TB, and patients with latent TB. This review summarizes the roles of miRNAs in immune regulation and their application as biomarkers in TB. These findings could provide new opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Beibei Fu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mohamed Y. Zaky
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Xiaoyuan Lin
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Li CH, Tsai ML, Chiou HY(C, Lin YC, Liao WT, Hung CH. Role of Macrophages in Air Pollution Exposure Related Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012337. [PMID: 36293195 PMCID: PMC9603963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by variable airflow obstruction, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, and airway inflammation. The chronic inflammation of the airway is mediated by many cell types, cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory mediators. Research suggests that exposure to air pollution has a negative impact on asthma outcomes in adult and pediatric populations. Air pollution is one of the greatest environmental risks to health, and it impacts the lungs' innate and adaptive defense systems. A major pollutant in the air is particulate matter (PM), a complex component composed of elemental carbon and heavy metals. According to the WHO, 99% of people live in air pollution where air quality levels are lower than the WHO air quality guidelines. This suggests that the effect of air pollution exposure on asthma is a crucial health issue worldwide. Macrophages are essential in recognizing and processing any inhaled foreign material, such as PM. Alveolar macrophages are one of the predominant cell types that process and remove inhaled PM by secreting proinflammatory mediators from the lung. This review focuses on macrophages and their role in orchestrating the inflammatory responses induced by exposure to air pollutants in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsiang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lan Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying (Clair) Chiou
- Teaching and Research Center of Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-T.L.); or (C.-H.H.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2791) (W.-T.L.); +886-7-311-5140 (C.-H.H.); Fax: +886-7-312-5339 (W.-T.L.); +886-7-321-3931 (C.-H.H.)
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-T.L.); or (C.-H.H.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2791) (W.-T.L.); +886-7-311-5140 (C.-H.H.); Fax: +886-7-312-5339 (W.-T.L.); +886-7-321-3931 (C.-H.H.)
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NLRP3 Inflammasome Simultaneously Involved in Autophagy and Phagocytosis of THP-1 Cells to Clear Aged Erythrocytes. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:1481154. [PMID: 36213328 PMCID: PMC9546708 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1481154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and phagocytosis are two important processes that capture and digest materials found in cellular interiors and exteriors, respectively. Aged red blood cells (RBCs) are cleared by phagocytes in vivo. We focused on determining whether autophagy occurs after phagocytes swallow sunset erythrocytes, and whether the degree of autophagy is related to scavenging ability of phagocytes to erythrocytes. In addition, the ability of NLR family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome to regulate erythrocyte clearance by phagocytes and its association with autophagy-related protein 16-like protein 1 (ATG16L1) are confirmed. We constructed a stable and low-NLRP3 expression THP-1 cell line using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The analysis of erythrocyte clearance and autophagy of THP-1 cells with low NLRP3 expression showed that autophagy changes together when THP-1 engulfs aged RBCs. The occurrence of autophagy was dominated by microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3- (LC3-) associated phagocytosis accompanied by canonical autophagy. A negative correlation exists between the clearance of RBCs by THP-1 cells and the degree of autophagy. Downregulating the expression of NLRP3 in THP-1 cells can simultaneously inhibit the scavenging ability of THP-1 to erythrocytes and the degree of autophagy. In addition, the autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) can enhance the phagocytosis ability of THP-1 to erythrocytes and promote the NLRP3 activation in THP-1 cells, while the autophagy inducer rapamycin inhibits the phagocytosis ability of THP-1 to RBCs and downregulates the NLRP3 activation. Results showed that autophagy and phagocytosis may be dynamic balance processes that can provide sufficient nutrition and energy to cells. Choosing NLRP3 as a target may regulate the phagocytic ability and the degree of autophagy in the meantime. These findings may be a potential strategy for regulating the clearance rate of phagocytes to aged RBCs and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines to ensure transfusion safety.
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Saravanakumar K, SivaSantosh S, Sathiyaseelan A, Naveen KV, AfaanAhamed MA, Zhang X, Priya VV, MubarakAli D, Wang MH. Unraveling the hazardous impact of diverse contaminants in the marine environment: Detection and remedial approach through nanomaterials and nano-biosensors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 433:128720. [PMID: 35366447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine pollution is one of the most underlooked forms of pollution as it affects most aquatic lives and public health in the coastal area. The diverse form of the hazardous pollutant in the marine ecosystem leads the serious genetic level disorders and diseases which include cancer, diabetes, arthritis, reproductive, and neurological diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and several microbial infections. Therefore, a recent alarming study on these pollutants, the microplastics have been voiced out in many countries worldwide, it was even found to be in the human placenta. In recent times, nanomaterials have demonstrated their potential in the detection and remediation of sensitive contaminants. In this review, we presented a comprehensive overview of the source, and distribution of diverse marine pollution on both aquatic and human health by summarizing the concentration of diverse pollutions (heavy metals, pesticides, microbial toxins, and micro/nano plastics) in marine samples such as soil, water, and seafood. Followed by emphasizing its ecotoxicological impact on aquatic animal life and coastal public health. Also discussed are the applicability and advancements of nanomaterials and nano-based biosensors in the detection, prevention, and remediation of diverse pollution in the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Bio-Health convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan
- Department of Bio-Health convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kumar Vishven Naveen
- Department of Bio-Health convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mohamed Ali AfaanAhamed
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600048, India.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Bio-Health convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Davoodbasha MubarakAli
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600048, India.
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Bio-Health convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Whitson HE, Colton C, El Khoury J, Gate D, Goate A, Heneka MT, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Klein RS, Shinohara ML, Sisodia S, Spudich SS, Stevens B, Tanzi R, Ting JP, Garden G. Infection and inflammation: New perspectives on Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 22:100462. [PMID: 36118272 PMCID: PMC9475126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been recognized as a component of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology since the original descriptions by Alois Alzheimer and a role for infections in AD pathogenesis has long been hypothesized. More recently, this hypothesis has gained strength as human genetics and experimental data suggest key roles for inflammatory cells in AD pathogenesis. To review this topic, Duke/University of North Carolina (Duke/UNC) Alzheimer's Disease Research Center hosted a virtual symposium: "Infection and Inflammation: New Perspectives on Alzheimer's Disease (AD)." Participants considered current evidence for and against the hypothesis that AD could be caused or exacerbated by infection or commensal microbes. Discussion focused on connecting microglial transcriptional states to functional states, mouse models that better mimic human immunity, the potential involvement of inflammasome signaling, metabolic alterations, self-reactive T cells, gut microbes and fungal infections, and lessons learned from Covid-19 patients with neurologic symptoms. The content presented in the symposium, and major topics raised in discussions are reviewed in this summary of the proceedings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E. Whitson
- Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Busse Bldg Rm 3502, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Durham VA Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Carol Colton
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, 3116 N Duke St, Durham, NM, 27704, USA
| | - Joseph El Khoury
- Center for Immunology & Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - David Gate
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Dept of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave, Ward 12-140, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alison Goate
- Dept of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- Dept of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Dept of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dept of Medicine, Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3903, Blue Zone, South, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Robyn S. Klein
- Center for Neuroimmunology & Neuroinfectious Diseases, Depts of Medicine, Pathology & Immunology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Box 8015, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mari L. Shinohara
- Dept of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, 207 Research Dr, Box 3010, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sangram Sisodia
- Dept of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Abbott Memorial Hall, 947 East 58th St, MC 0928, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Serena S. Spudich
- Dept of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208018, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Beth Stevens
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave, Center for Life Sciences 12th Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rudolph Tanzi
- McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th St, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Jenny P. Ting
- Depts of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Translational Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, 125 Mason Farm Road, 6th Floor Marsico Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7290, USA
| | - Gwenn Garden
- Dept of Neurology, UNC School of Medicine, Physicians Office Building, 170 Manning Drive, Campus Box 7025, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7025, USA
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Lin MJ, Lee CM, Hsu WL, Chen BC, Lee SJ. Macrophages Break Interneuromast Cell Quiescence by Intervening in the Inhibition of Schwann Cells in the Zebrafish Lateral Line. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:907863. [PMID: 35846366 PMCID: PMC9285731 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.907863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the zebrafish lateral line system, interneuromast cells (INCs) between neuromasts are kept quiescent by underlying Schwann cells (SWCs). Upon severe injuries that cause the complete loss of an entire neuromast, INCs can occasionally differentiate into neuromasts but how they escape from the inhibition by SWCs is still unclear. Using a genetic/chemical method to ablate a neuromast precisely, we found that a small portion of larvae can regenerate a new neuromast. However, the residual regeneration capacity was hindered by inhibiting macrophages. Using in toto imaging, we further discovered heterogeneities in macrophage behavior and distribution along the lateral line. We witnessed the crawling of macrophages between the injured lateral line and SWCs during regeneration and between the second primordium and the first mature lateral line during development. It implies that macrophages may physically alleviate the nerve inhibition to break the dormancy of INCs during regeneration and development in the zebrafish lateral line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ju Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Chia-Ming Lee
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Wei-Lin Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Bi-Chang Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Shyh-Jye Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- *Correspondence: Shyh-Jye Lee,
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30
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Khoza LJ, Kumar P, Dube A, Demana PH, Choonara YE. Insights into Innovative Therapeutics for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Host-Directed Therapy and Autophagy Inducing Modified Nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121893. [PMID: 35680110 PMCID: PMC9169426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ge Y, Huang M, Yao YM. Efferocytosis and Its Role in Inflammatory Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:839248. [PMID: 35281078 PMCID: PMC8913510 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.839248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Efferocytosis is the effective clearance of apoptotic cells by professional and non-professional phagocytes. The process is mechanically different from other forms of phagocytosis and involves the localization, binding, internalization, and degradation of apoptotic cells. Defective efferocytosis has been demonstrated to associate with the pathogenesis of various inflammatory disorders. In the current review, we summarize recent findings with regard to efferocytosis networks and discuss the relationship between efferocytosis and different immune cell populations, as well as describe how efferocytosis helps resolve inflammatory response and modulate immune balance. Our knowledge so far about efferocytosis suggests that it may be a useful target in the treatment of numerous inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ge
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Man Huang
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong-ming Yao, ; Man Huang,
| | - Yong-ming Yao
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yong-ming Yao, ; Man Huang,
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McCormick TS, Hejal RB, Leal LO, Ghannoum MA. GM-CSF: Orchestrating the Pulmonary Response to Infection. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:735443. [PMID: 35111042 PMCID: PMC8803133 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.735443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the structure and function of the alveolar unit, comprised of alveolar macrophage and epithelial cell types that work in tandem to respond to infection. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) helps to maintain the alveolar epithelium and pulmonary immune system under physiological conditions and plays a critical role in restoring homeostasis under pathologic conditions, including infection. Given the emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with subsequent acute respiratory distress syndrome, understanding basic lung physiology in infectious diseases is especially warranted. This review summarizes clinical and preclinical data for GM-CSF in respiratory infections, and the rationale for sargramostim (yeast-derived recombinant human [rhu] GM-CSF) as adjunctive treatment for COVID-19 and other pulmonary infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S McCormick
- Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rana B Hejal
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Luis O Leal
- Partner Therapeutics, Lexington, MA, United States
| | - Mahmoud A Ghannoum
- Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Enhanced Bacteremia in Dextran Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Splenectomy Mice Correlates with Gut Dysbiosis and LPS Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031676. [PMID: 35163596 PMCID: PMC8836212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Because both endotoxemia and gut dysbiosis post-splenectomy might be associated with systemic infection, the susceptibility against infection was tested by dextran sulfate solution (DSS)-induced colitis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection models in splenectomy mice with macrophage experiments. Here, splenectomy induced a gut barrier defect (FITC-dextran assay, endotoxemia, bacteria in mesenteric lymph nodes, and the loss of enterocyte tight junction) and gut dysbiosis (increased Proteobacteria by fecal microbiome analysis) without systemic inflammation (serum IL-6). In parallel, DSS induced more severe mucositis in splenectomy mice than sham-DSS mice, as indicated by mortality, stool consistency, gut barrier defect, serum cytokines, and blood bacterial burdens. The presence of green fluorescent-producing (GFP) E. coli in the spleen of sham-DSS mice after an oral gavage supported a crucial role of the spleen in the control of bacteria from gut translocation. Additionally, LPS administration in splenectomy mice induced lower serum cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) than LPS-administered sham mice, perhaps due to LPS tolerance from pre-existing post-splenectomy endotoxemia. In macrophages, LPS tolerance (sequential LPS stimulation) demonstrated lower cell activities than the single LPS stimulation, as indicated by the reduction in supernatant cytokines, pro-inflammatory genes (iNOS and IL-1β), cell energy status (extracellular flux analysis), and enzymes of the glycolysis pathway (proteomic analysis). In conclusion, a gut barrier defect after splenectomy was vulnerable to enterocyte injury (such as DSS), which caused severe bacteremia due to defects in microbial control (asplenia) and endotoxemia-induced LPS tolerance. Hence, gut dysbiosis and gut bacterial translocation in patients with a splenectomy might be associated with systemic infection, and gut-barrier monitoring or intestinal tight-junction strengthening may be useful.
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34
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Extracellular HSP90α Induces MyD88-IRAK Complex-Associated IKKα/β-NF-κB/IRF3 and JAK2/TYK2-STAT-3 Signaling in Macrophages for Tumor-Promoting M2-Polarization. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020229. [PMID: 35053345 PMCID: PMC8774043 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
M2-polarization and the tumoricidal to tumor-promoting transition are commonly observed with tumor-infiltrating macrophages after interplay with cancer cells or/and other stroma cells. Our previous study indicated that macrophage M2-polarization can be induced by extracellular HSP90α (eHSP90α) secreted from endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts. To extend the finding, we herein validated that eHSP90α-induced M2-polarized macrophages exhibited a tumor-promoting activity and the promoted tumor tissues had significant increases in microvascular density but decreases in CD4+ T-cell level. We further investigated the signaling pathways occurring in eHSP90α-stimulated macrophages. When macrophages were exposed to eHSP90α, CD91 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) functioned as the receptor/co-receptor for eHSP90α binding to recruit interleukin (IL)-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAKs) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and next elicited a canonical CD91/MyD88-IRAK1/4-IκB kinase α/β (IKKα/β)-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) signaling pathway. Despite TLR4-MyD88 complex-associated activations of IKKα/β, NF-κB and IRF3 being well-known as involved in macrophage M1-activation, our results demonstrated that the CD91-TLR4-MyD88 complex-associated IRAK1/4-IKKα/β-NF-κB/IRF3 pathway was not only directly involved in M2-associated CD163, CD204, and IL-10 gene expressions but also required for downregulation of M1 inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) were recruited onto MyD88 to induce the phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3). The JAK2/TYK2-STAT-3 signaling is known to associate with tumor promotion. In this study, the MyD88-JAK2/TYK2-STAT-3 pathway was demonstrated to contribute to eHSP90α-induced macrophage M2-polarization by regulating the expressions of M1- and M2-related genes, proangiogenic protein vascular endothelial growth factor, and phagocytosis-interfering factor Sec22b.
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Huang J, Zhang S, Ding X, Li S, Luo X, Cao Y, Gao F, Zou M. Research progress on the mechanism by which skin macrophage dysfunction mediates chronic inflammatory injury in diabetic skin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:960551. [PMID: 36093074 PMCID: PMC9449149 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.960551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, the main immune cells in the skin, form an innate immune barrier. Under physiological conditions, skin maintains immune barrier function through macrophage phagocytosis and antigen presentation. Parenchymal and stromal cell regeneration plays an important role in skin injury repair and uses macrophage plasticity to influence and stabilize the skin microenvironment. Diabetic skin lesions are the most common diabetes complication and are involved in the early pathophysiology of diabetic foot. Therefore, studying the initial link in diabetic skin lesions is a research hot spot in the early pathogenesis of diabetic foot. Skin inflammation caused by hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and other injuries is an important feature, but the specific mechanism is unknown. Recent studies have suggested that chronic inflammatory injury is widely involved in a variety of skin diseases, and whether it plays an important role in diabetic skin lesions is unclear. In this review, current research hotspots were combined with the pathogenesis of diabetic skin lesions and analysed from the perspectives of the physiological function of skin macrophages, the impairment of skin macrophages in diabetes, and the mechanism of chronic inflammatory injury in macrophages to provide a theoretical basis for early screening and evaluation of diabetic foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shili Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Ding
- School of Public Health and Tropic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxian Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangrong Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengchen Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Mengchen Zou,
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Probiotics in Counteracting the Role of Neutrophils in Cancer Metastasis. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111306. [PMID: 34835236 PMCID: PMC8621509 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are known for their role geared towards pathogen clearance by different mechanisms that they initiate, primarily by the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, their immune-surveillance capacity accompanied with plasticity in existing as interchangeable subsets, discovered recently, has revealed their property to contribute to complex cancer pathologies including tumor initiation, growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Although there is a growing body of evidence suggesting a critical balance between the protumoral and antitumoral neutrophil phenotypes, an in-depth signaling pathway analysis would aid in determination of anticipatory, diagnostic and therapeutic targets. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the potential pathways involved in neutrophil-triggered cancer metastasis and introduces the influence of the microbial load and avenues for probiotic intervention.
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Singh S, Kamat SS. The loss of enzymatic activity of the PHARC-associated lipase ABHD12 results in increased phagocytosis that causes neuroinflammation. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7442-7457. [PMID: 34727579 PMCID: PMC7612011 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is an important evolutionary conserved process, essential for clearing pathogens and cellular debris in higher organisms, including humans. This well‐orchestrated innate immunological response is intricately regulated by numerous cellular factors, important amongst which are the immunomodulatory lysophosphatidylserines (lyso‐PSs) and the pro‐apoptotic oxidized phosphatidylserines (PSs) signalling lipids. Interestingly, in mammals, both these signalling lipids are physiologically regulated by the lipase ABHD12, mutations of which cause the human neurological disorder PHARC. Despite the biomedical significance of this lipase, detailed mechanistic studies and the specific contribution of ABHD12 to innate processes like phagocytosis remain poorly understood. Here, by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence approaches, using the murine model of PHARC, we show, that upon an inflammatory stimulus, activated microglial cells in the cerebellum of mice deficient in ABHD12 have an amoeboid morphology, increased soma size and display heightened phagocytosis activity. We also report that upon an inflammatory stimulus, cerebellar levels of ABHD12 increase to possibly metabolize the heightened oxidized PS levels, temper phagocytosis and, in turn, control neuroinflammation during oxidative stress. Next, to complement these findings, with the use of biochemical approaches in cultured microglial cells, we show that the pharmacological inhibition and/or genetic deletion of ABHD12 results in increased phagocytic uptake in a fluorescent bead uptake assay. Together, our studies provide compelling evidence that ABHD12 plays an important role in regulating phagocytosis in cerebellar microglial cells and provides a possible explanation, as to why human PHARC subjects display neuroinflammation and atrophy in the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Singh
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Pune, India
| | - Siddhesh S Kamat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Pune, India
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38
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Okamori S, Ishii M, Asakura T, Suzuki S, Namkoong H, Kagawa S, Hegab AE, Yagi K, Kamata H, Kusumoto T, Ogawa T, Takahashi H, Yoda M, Horiuchi K, Hasegawa N, Fukunaga K. ADAM10 partially protects mice against influenza pneumonia by suppressing specific myeloid cell population. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L872-L884. [PMID: 34523355 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00619.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus infection poses a serious health threat worldwide. Myeloid cells play pivotal roles in regulating innate and adaptive immune defense. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family of proteins contributes to various immune responses; however, the role of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) in influenza virus infection remains largely unknown. Herein, we investigated its role, focusing on myeloid cells, during influenza virus infection in mice. ADAM10 gene (Adam10)flox/flox/Lyz2-Cre (Adam10ΔLyz2) and control Adam10flox/flox mice were intranasally infected with 200 plaque-forming units of influenza virus A/H1N1/PR8/34. Adam10ΔLyz2 mice exhibited a significantly higher mortality rate, stronger lung inflammation, and a higher virus titer in the lungs than control mice. Macrophages and inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and CCL2, were increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from Adam10ΔLyz2 mice following infection. CD11b+Ly6G-F4/80+ myeloid cells, which had an inflammatory monocyte/macrophage-like phenotype, were significantly increased in the lungs of Adam10ΔLyz2 mice. Adoptive transfer experiments suggested that these cells likely contributed to the poorer prognosis in Adam10ΔLyz2 mice. Seven days after infection, CD11b+Ly6G-F4/80+ lung cells exhibited significantly higher arginase-1 expression levels in Adam10ΔLyz2 mice than in control mice, whereas an arginase-1 inhibitor improved the prognosis of Adam10ΔLyz2 mice. Enhanced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)/GM-CSF receptor signaling likely contributed to this process. Collectively, these results indicate that myeloid ADAM10 protects against influenza virus pneumonia and may be a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okamori
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society of Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishii
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Suzuki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ho Namkoong
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kagawa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ahmed E Hegab
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Medical Education Center, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yagi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kamata
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kusumoto
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takunori Ogawa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayato Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Horiuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defence Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoki Hasegawa
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Kim J, Park S, Kwon SH, Lee EJ, Lee JS. Set1-mediated H3K4 methylation is required for Candida albicans virulence by regulating intracellular level of reactive oxygen species. Virulence 2021; 12:2648-2658. [PMID: 34696687 PMCID: PMC8555521 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1980988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that exists in normal flora but can cause infection in immunocompromised individuals. The transition to pathogenic C. albicans requires a change of various gene expressions. Because histone-modifying enzymes can regulate gene expression, they are thought to control the virulence of C. albicans. Indeed, the absence of H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase Set1 has been shown to reduce the virulence of C. albicans; however, Set1-regulated genes responsible for this attenuated virulence phenotype remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that Set1 positively regulates the expression of mitochondrial protein genes by methylating H3K4. In particular, levels of cellular mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were higher in Δset1 than in the wild-type due to the defect of those genes’ expression. Set1 deletion also increases H2O2 sensitivity and prevents proper colony formation when interacting with macrophage in vitro, consistent with its attenuated virulence in vivo. Together, these findings suggest that Set1 is required to regulate proper cellular ROS production by positively regulating the expression of mitochondrial protein genes and subsequently sustaining mitochondrial membrane integrity. Consequently, C. albicans maintains proper ROS levels via Set1-mediated transcriptional regulation, thus establishing a rapid defense against external ROS generated by the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueun Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Korea
| | - Shinae Park
- Department of Molecular Bioscience College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Korea
| | - So Hee Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Shin Lee
- Department of Molecular Bioscience College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Korea
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Krampert L, Bauer K, Ebner S, Neubert P, Ossner T, Weigert A, Schatz V, Toelge M, Schröder A, Herrmann M, Schnare M, Dorhoi A, Jantsch J. High Na + Environments Impair Phagocyte Oxidase-Dependent Antibacterial Activity of Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2021; 12:712948. [PMID: 34566968 PMCID: PMC8461097 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection and inflammation can augment local Na+ abundance. These increases in local Na+ levels boost proinflammatory and antimicrobial macrophage activity and can favor polarization of T cells towards a proinflammatory Th17 phenotype. Although neutrophils play an important role in fighting intruding invaders, the impact of increased Na+ on the antimicrobial activity of neutrophils remains elusive. Here we show that, in neutrophils, increases in Na+ (high salt, HS) impair the ability of human and murine neutrophils to eliminate Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. High salt caused reduced spontaneous movement, degranulation and impaired production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) while leaving neutrophil viability unchanged. High salt enhanced the activity of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38/MAPK) and increased the interleukin (IL)-8 release in a p38/MAPK-dependent manner. Whereas inhibition of p38/MAPK did not result in improved neutrophil defense, pharmacological blockade of the phagocyte oxidase (PHOX) or its genetic ablation mimicked the impaired antimicrobial activity detected under high salt conditions. Stimulation of neutrophils with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) overcame high salt-induced impairment in ROS production and restored antimicrobial activity of neutrophils. Hence, we conclude that high salt-impaired PHOX activity results in diminished antimicrobial activity. Our findings suggest that increases in local Na+ represent an ionic checkpoint that prevents excessive ROS production of neutrophils, which decreases their antimicrobial potential and could potentially curtail ROS-mediated tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Krampert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Bauer
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Ebner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute (MPI) of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Patrick Neubert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ossner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna Weigert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina Toelge
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Institute of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology and Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Schnare
- Department of Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Greifswald, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Rasheed A, Rayner KJ. Macrophage Responses to Environmental Stimuli During Homeostasis and Disease. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:407-435. [PMID: 33523133 PMCID: PMC8284619 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Work over the last 40 years has described macrophages as a heterogeneous population that serve as the frontline surveyors of tissue immunity. As a class, macrophages are found in almost every tissue in the body and as distinct populations within discrete microenvironments in any given tissue. During homeostasis, macrophages protect these tissues by clearing invading foreign bodies and/or mounting immune responses. In addition to varying identities regulated by transcriptional programs shaped by their respective environments, macrophage metabolism serves as an additional regulator to temper responses to extracellular stimuli. The area of research known as "immunometabolism" has been established within the last decade, owing to an increase in studies focusing on the crosstalk between altered metabolism and the regulation of cellular immune processes. From this research, macrophages have emerged as a prime focus of immunometabolic studies, although macrophage metabolism and their immune responses have been studied for centuries. During disease, the metabolic profile of the tissue and/or systemic regulators, such as endocrine factors, become increasingly dysregulated. Owing to these changes, macrophage responses can become skewed to promote further pathophysiologic changes. For instance, during diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis, macrophages favor a proinflammatory phenotype; whereas in the tumor microenvironment, macrophages elicit an anti-inflammatory response to enhance tumor growth. Herein we have described how macrophages respond to extracellular cues including inflammatory stimuli, nutrient availability, and endocrine factors that occur during and further promote disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Rasheed
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katey J Rayner
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Guttenberg MA, Vose AT, Tighe RM. Role of Innate Immune System in Environmental Lung Diseases. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2021; 21:34. [PMID: 33970346 PMCID: PMC8311569 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-021-01011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The lung mucosa functions as a principal barrier between the body and inhaled environmental irritants and pathogens. Precise and targeted surveillance mechanisms are required at this lung-environment interface to maintain homeostasis and preserve gas exchange. This is performed by the innate immune system, a germline-encoded system that regulates initial responses to foreign irritants and pathogens. Environmental pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3), and other products of combustion (NO2, SO3, etc.), both stimulate and disrupt the function of the innate immune system of the lung, leading to the potential for pathologic consequences. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to explore recent discoveries and investigations into the role of the innate immune system in responding to environmental exposures. This focuses on mechanisms by which the normal function of the innate immune system is modified by environmental agents leading to disruptions in respiratory function. RECENT FINDINGS: This is a narrative review of mechanisms of pulmonary innate immunity and the impact of environmental exposures on these responses. Recent findings highlighted in this review are categorized by specific components of innate immunity including epithelial function, macrophages, pattern recognition receptors, and the microbiome. Overall, the review supports broad impacts of environmental exposures to alterations to normal innate immune functions and has important implications for incidence and exacerbations of lung disease. The innate immune system plays a critical role in maintaining pulmonary homeostasis in response to inhaled air pollutants. As many of these agents are unable to be mitigated, understanding their mechanistic impact is critical to develop future interventions to limit their pathologic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert M. Tighe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC,Corresponding Author: Robert M Tighe, MD, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 2969, Durham, North Carolina 27710, Telephone: 919-684-4894, Fax: 919-684-5266,
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Yin C, Heit B. Cellular Responses to the Efferocytosis of Apoptotic Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631714. [PMID: 33959122 PMCID: PMC8093429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and efficient phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells, termed efferocytosis, is a critical mechanism in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Removal of apoptotic cells through efferocytosis prevents secondary necrosis and the resultant inflammation caused by the release of intracellular contents. The importance of efferocytosis in homeostasis is underscored by the large number of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, including atherosclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus, that are characterized by defective apoptotic cell clearance. Although mechanistically similar to the phagocytic clearance of pathogens, efferocytosis differs from phagocytosis in that it is immunologically silent and induces a tissue repair response. Efferocytes face unique challenges resulting from the internalization of apoptotic cells, including degradation of the apoptotic cell, dealing with the extra metabolic load imposed by the processing of apoptotic cell contents, and the coordination of an anti-inflammatory, pro-tissue repair response. This review will discuss recent advances in our understanding of the cellular response to apoptotic cell uptake, including trafficking of apoptotic cell cargo and antigen presentation, signaling and transcriptional events initiated by efferocytosis, the coordination of an anti-inflammatory response and tissue repair, unique cellular metabolic responses and the role of efferocytosis in host defense. A better understanding of how efferocytic cells respond to apoptotic cell uptake will be critical in unraveling the complex connections between apoptotic cell removal and inflammation resolution and maintenance of tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Center for Human Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Center for Human Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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Dalboni LC, Alvares Saraiva AM, Konno FTDC, Perez EC, Codeceira JF, Spadacci-Morena DD, Lallo MA. Encephalitozoon cuniculi takes advantage of efferocytosis to evade the immune response. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247658. [PMID: 33667240 PMCID: PMC7935246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are recognized as opportunistic pathogens in individuals with immunodeficiencies, especially related to T cells. Although the activity of CD8+ T lymphocytes is essential to eliminate these pathogens, earlier studies have shown significant participation of macrophages at the beginning of the infection. Macrophages and other innate immunity cells play a critical role in activating the acquired immunity. After programmed cell death, the cell fragments or apoptotic bodies are cleared by phagocytic cells, a phenomenon known as efferocytosis. This process has been recognized as a way of evading immunity by intracellular pathogens. The present study evaluated the impact of efferocytosis of apoptotic cells either infected or not on macrophages and subsequently challenged with Encephalitozoon cuniculi microsporidia. Macrophages were obtained from the bone marrow monocytes from C57BL mice, pre-incubated with apoptotic Jurkat cells (ACs), and were further challenged with E. cuniculi spores. The same procedures were performed using the previously infected Jurkat cells (IACs) and challenged with E. cuniculi spores before macrophage pre-incubation. The average number of spores internalized by macrophages in phagocytosis was counted. Macrophage expression of CD40, CD206, CD80, CD86, and MHCII, as well as the cytokines released in the culture supernatants, was measured by flow cytometry. The ultrastructural study was performed to analyze the multiplication types of pathogens. Macrophages pre-incubated with ACs and challenged with E. cuniculi showed a higher percentage of phagocytosis and an average number of internalized spores. Moreover, the presence of stages of multiplication of the pathogen inside the macrophages, particularly after efferocytosis of infected apoptotic bodies, was observed. In addition, pre-incubation with ACs or IACs and/or challenge with the pathogen decreased the viability of macrophages, reflected as high percentages of apoptosis. The marked expression of CD206 and the release of large amounts of IL-10 and IL-6 indicated the polarization of macrophages to an M2 profile, compatible with efferocytosis and favorable for pathogen development. We concluded that the pathogen favored efferocytosis and polarized the macrophages to an M2 profile, allowing the survival and multiplication of E. cuniculi inside the macrophages and explaining the possibility of macrophages acting as Trojan horses in microsporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Costa Dalboni
- Programa de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental da Universidade Paulista–Unip, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anuska Marcelino Alvares Saraiva
- Mestrado e Doutorado Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Anete Lallo
- Programa de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental da Universidade Paulista–Unip, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
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Trevino SR, Dankmeyer JL, Fetterer DP, Klimko CP, Raymond JLW, Moreau AM, Soffler C, Waag DM, Worsham PL, Amemiya K, Ruiz SI, Cote CK, Krakauer T. Comparative virulence of three different strains of Burkholderia pseudomallei in an aerosol non-human primate model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009125. [PMID: 33571211 PMCID: PMC7904162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a major cause of sepsis and mortality in endemic regions of Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. B. pseudomallei is a potential bioterrorism agent due to its high infectivity, especially via inhalation, and its inherent resistance to antimicrobials. There is currently no vaccine for melioidosis and antibiotic treatment can fail due to innate drug resistance, delayed diagnosis and treatment, or insufficient duration of treatment. A well-characterized animal model that mimics human melioidosis is needed for the development of new medical countermeasures. This study first characterized the disease progression of melioidosis in the African green monkey (AGM) and rhesus macaque (RM) for non-human primate model down-selection. All AGMs developed acute lethal disease similar to that described in human acute infection following exposure to aerosolized B. pseudomallei strain HBPUB10134a. Only 20% of RMs succumbed to acute disease. Disease progression, immune response and pathology of two other strains of B. pseudomallei, K96243 and MSHR5855, were also compared using AGMs. These three B. pseudomallei strains represent a highly virulent strain from Thailand (HBPUB101034a), a highly virulent strains from Australia (MSHR5855), and a commonly used laboratory strains originating from Thailand (K96243). Animals were observed for clinical signs of infection and blood samples were analyzed for cytokine responses, blood chemistry and leukocyte changes in order to characterize bacterial infection. AGMs experienced fever after exposure to aerosolized B. pseudomallei at the onset of acute disease. Inflammation, abscesses and/or pyogranulomas were observed in lung with all three strains of B. pseudomallei. Inflammation, abscesses and/or pyogranulomas were observed in lymph nodes, spleen, liver and/or kidney with B. pseudomallei, HBPUB10134a and K96243. Additionally, the Australian strain MSHR5855 induced brain lesions in one AGM similar to clinical cases of melioidosis seen in Australia. Elevated serum levels of IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, MCP-1, G-CSF, HGF, IFNγ, MIG, I-TAC, and MIP-1β at terminal end points can be significantly correlated with non-survivors with B. pseudomallei infection in AGM. The AGM model represents an acute model of B. pseudomallei infection for all three strains from two geographical locations and will be useful for efficacy testing of vaccines and therapeutics against melioidosis. In summary, a dysregulated immune response leading to excessive persistent inflammation and inflammatory cell death is the key driver of acute melioidosis. Early intervention in these pathways will be necessary to counter B. pseudomallei and mitigate the pathological consequences of melioidosis. Melioidosis, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in tropical regions globally and is an emerging threat in non-tropical areas worldwide. Its mortality rate is high in endemic areas due to its high infectivity, antimicrobial resistance, lack of available vaccines and limited treatment options. Animal model development and pathogenicity studies of various isolates are critical for the development of countermeasures against this pathogen. In this study, we compared the virulence of three different isolates of B. pseudomallei from two geographical locations in an aerosol non-human primate model. We found that early elevations of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, as well as the persistence of these mediators in the terminal phase of bacterial infection correlate with mortality. Histopathological analysis showed that the severity of lesions in various organs also correlates with the virulence of the B. pseudomallei strains, HBPUB10134a, MSHR5855 and K96243. Thus, a dysregulated immune response leading to excessive IL-1β and IL-6 at terminal end points and necrosis are key drivers of acute melioidosis. Development of drugs targeting these host response processes will be necessary to counter B. pseudomallei and mitigate the pathological consequences of melioidosis. This non-human primate model will facilitate the screening of vaccines and novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia R. Trevino
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Dankmeyer
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David P. Fetterer
- Biostatistics Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christopher P. Klimko
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jo Lynne W. Raymond
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alicia M. Moreau
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carl Soffler
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David M. Waag
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Patricia L. Worsham
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kei Amemiya
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sara I. Ruiz
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christopher K. Cote
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CKC); (TK)
| | - Teresa Krakauer
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CKC); (TK)
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Sihombing MAEM, Safitri M, Zhou T, Wang L, McGinty S, Zhang HJ, Yin Y, Peng Q, Qiu J, Wang G. Unexpected Role of Nonimmune Cells: Amateur Phagocytes. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:157-171. [PMID: 33439750 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective and efficient efferocytosis of dead cells and associated cellular debris are critical to tissue homeostasis and healing of injured tissues. This important task was previously thought to be restricted to professional phagocytes (PPs). However, accumulating evidence has revealed another type of phagocyte, the amateur phagocyte (AP), which can also participate in efferocytosis. APs are non-myeloid progenitor/nonimmune cells that include differentiated cells (e.g., epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells [ECs]) and stem cells (e.g., neuronal progenitor cells and mesenchymal cells) and can be found throughout the human body. Studies have shown that APs have two prominent roles: identifying and removing dead cells presumably before PPs reach the site of injury and assisting PPs in the removal of cell corpses and the resolution of inflamed tissue. With respect to the engulfment and degradation of dead cells, APs are slower and less efficient than PPs. However, APs are fundamental to preventing the spread of inflammation over a large area. In this review, we present the diversity and characteristics of healthy and non-neoplastic APs in mammals. We also propose a hypothetical mechanism of the efferocytosis of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-opsonized myelin debris by ECs (APs). Furthermore, the ingestion and clearance of dead cells can induce proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokine production, endothelial activation, and cellular fate transition, which contribute to the progression of disease. An understanding of the role of APs is necessary to develop effective intervention strategies, including potential molecular targets for clinical diagnosis and drug development, for inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maic Audo Eybi Mayer Sihombing
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maharani Safitri
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sean McGinty
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Intervention, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxia Yin
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Denzhou, China
| | - Qin Peng
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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The Lysophosphatidylserines-An Emerging Class of Signalling Lysophospholipids. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:381-397. [PMID: 32767057 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lysophospholipids are potent hormone-like signalling biological lipids that regulate many important biological processes in mammals (including humans). Lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate represent the best studied examples for this lipid class, and their metabolic enzymes and/or cognate receptors are currently under clinical investigation for treatment of various neurological and autoimmune diseases in humans. Over the past two decades, the lysophsophatidylserines (lyso-PSs) have emerged as yet another biologically important lysophospholipid, and deregulation in its metabolism has been linked to various human pathophysiological conditions. Despite its recent emergence, an exhaustive review summarizing recent advances on lyso-PSs and the biological pathways that this bioactive lysophospholipid regulates has been lacking. To address this, here, we summarize studies that led to the discovery of lyso-PS as a potent signalling biomolecule, and discuss the structure, its detection in biological systems, and the biodistribution of this lysophospholipid in various mammalian systems. Further, we describe in detail the enzymatic pathways that are involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of this lipid and the putative lyso-PS receptors reported in the literature. Finally, we discuss the various biological pathways directly regulated by lyso-PSs in mammals and prospect new questions for this still emerging biomedically important signalling lysophospholipid.
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Li K, Chen G, Luo H, Li J, Liu A, Yang C, Wang J, Xu J, Gao S, Chen P, Jiang Y. MRP8/14 mediates macrophage efferocytosis through RAGE and Gas6/MFG-E8, and induces polarization via TLR4-dependent pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1375-1390. [PMID: 33128793 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-related protein 8/14 (MRP8/14) participates in various inflammatory responses, however, its effect on macrophage efferocytosis remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that MRP8/14 significantly inhibits the efferocytosis of apoptotic thymocytes by mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), which later proves to be associated with the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) or for reducing the expression of growth arrest-specific protein 6 and milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8, independent of RAGE. Furthermore, MRP8/14 promotes polarization of BMDMs from the M2 - to M1 -like phenotype by upregulating expression of M1 -related surface receptor proteins and signature M1 -marker genes and by downregulating signature M2 -marker gene expression, which depends on Toll-like receptor 4 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor κB pathways. Thus, we report a significant inhibitory effect of MRP8/14 on macrophage efferocytosis and MRP8/14-mediated phenotypic polarization, which may be helpful in developing novel therapeutic strategies leading to inflammation resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangxin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiming Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haihua Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenghan Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Maraux M, Gaillardet A, Gally A, Saas P, Cherrier T. Human primary neutrophil mRNA does not contaminate human resolving macrophage mRNA after efferocytosis. J Immunol Methods 2020; 483:112810. [PMID: 32592772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ingestion of apoptotic corpses by macrophages, a process called efferocytosis, is a crucial step in inflammation resolution, since it alters macrophage phenotype toward a pro-resolving profile to foil inflammation and to favor tissue repair. Up to now, the resolving macrophages remain poorly characterized, especially in humans. Global investigations, like RNA sequencing, would be very helpful to unravel some features of these elusive cells. Nonetheless, these inquiries may be challenging in a single-species model, since the fate of ingested mRNA remains unknown and may hinder any subsequent mRNA investigations in the phagocyte. A full human model consisting of primary human neutrophil and primary human monocyte-derived macrophage co-culture was set up several decades ago to mimic in vitro the efferocytosis process. However, to our knowledge, this model has not been characterized as a suitable model to perform global mRNA investigations. Indeed, the extent of ingested neutrophil mRNA contamination has not been assessed in resolving macrophages. This work answers to this crucial question. Indeed, based on the protocols presented in this article, we demonstrate that neutrophil mRNA is severely degraded and is not able to cross-contaminate resolving macrophage mRNA, contrary to apoptotic human peripheral blood derived mononuclear cell (PBMC) or apoptotic leukemic Jurkat cell mRNA. Moreover, this allogenic co-culture system does not favor neither neutrophil activation nor macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Collectively, we highlight that this model of primary human neutrophil and primary human monocyte-derived macrophage co-culture is the best model for mRNA investigations in human resolving macrophages to help improving our knowledge on these crucial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maraux
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INCREASE, LabEx LipSTIC, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - A Gaillardet
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INCREASE, LabEx LipSTIC, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - A Gally
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INCREASE, LabEx LipSTIC, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - P Saas
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INCREASE, LabEx LipSTIC, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - T Cherrier
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INCREASE, LabEx LipSTIC, F-25000 Besançon, France.
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Particulate matter exposure aggravates osteoarthritis severity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 133:2171-2187. [PMID: 31696218 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several diseases have been linked to particulate matter (PM) exposure. Outdoor activities, such as road running or jogging, are popular aerobic exercises due to few participatory limitations. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disease, usually observed at age 40, and not noticed before pain or diagnosis. Although exercise has health benefits, it is unclear whether outdoor jogging in higher PM (standard reference material 1649b, SRM 1649b) concentration environments could affect OA development or severity. Hence, a PM exposure monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA animal jogged model was established for investigation. Results showed that high doses of PM (5 mg) significantly increased pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, and M1 macrophages in the lung region, also obtained in systemic IL-6 and TNF-α expressions in this MIA-OA rat model. Moreover, levels of osteocalcin, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), and N-telopeptides of type I collagen were especially influenced in MIA+PM groups. Morphological and structural changes of the knee joint were detected by micro-computed tomography images (micro-CT) and immunohistochemistry. MIA + PM rats exhibited severe bone density decrease, cartilage wear, and structure damages, accompanied by lower levels of physical activity, than the sham group and groups receiving MIA or PM alone. The findings suggest that the severity of OA could be promoted by PM exposure with a PM concentration effect via systemic inflammatory mechanisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide direct effects of PM exposure on OA severity.
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