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Gong X, Cui Q, Zhang W, Shi Y, Zhang P, Zhang C, Hu G, Sahin O, Wang L, Shen Z, Fu M. Genomic insight into the diversity of Glaesserella parasuis isolates from 19 countries. mSphere 2024; 9:e0023124. [PMID: 39194201 PMCID: PMC11423579 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00231-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis is a commensal bacterial organism found in the upper respiratory tract of healthy pigs and the etiological agent of Glässer's disease, which causes severe economic losses in the swine industry. This study aimed to better understand the epidemiological characteristics of this opportunistic pathogen. We investigated the prevalence and distribution of sequence types (STs), serovars, antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), and potential virulence factors (VFs) in 764 G. parasuis isolates collected from diseased and healthy pigs from 19 countries, including China. Multilocus sequence typing showed a high degree of variation with 334 STs, of which 93 were not previously recognized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two major clades distinguished by isolation year, source, country, and serovar. The dominant serovars of G. parasuis were serovars 4 (19.50%), 7 (15.97%), 5/12 (13.87%), and 13 (12.30%). Serovar 7 gradually became one of the dominant serovars in G. parasuis with more VFs and fewer ARGs. Serovars 4 and 5/12 were the most frequent serovars in diseased pigs, whereas serovars 2, 8, and 11 were predominant in healthy pigs. Serovars 7 and 13 possessed more VFs than the other serovars. This study provides novel insights into the global prevalence and epidemiology of G. parasuis and valuable clues for further investigation into the pathogenicity of G. parasuis, which will facilitate the development of effective vaccines.IMPORTANCEGlaesserella parasuis is a clinically important gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, which causes serious financial losses in swine industry on a global scale. No vaccine is known that provides cross-protection against all 15 serovars; furthermore, the correlation between serovar and virulence is largely unknown. This study provides a large number of sequenced strains in 19 countries and compares the genomic diversity of G. parasuis between diseased and healthy pigs. We found a slight change in the dominant serovar of G. parasuis in the world, with serovar 7 gradually emerging as one of the predominant serovars. The observed higher average number of VFs in this particular serovar strain challenges the previously held notion that serovar 7 is non-virulent, indicating a more complex virulence landscape than previously understood. Our analysis indicating that six ARGs [tet(B), sul2, aph(3')-Ia, aph (6)-Id, blaROB-1, and aph(3'')-Ib] are likely to be transmitted horizontally in their entirety. By analyzing VFs, we provided an improved understanding of the virulence of G. parasuis, and these key findings suggest that vaccine development will be challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingpo Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuqian Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gongzheng Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangqi Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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2
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He Y, Peng Y, Sun Y, Wan Y, Zhuo R, Hu S, Wang Y, Hu X, Jin H, Hua K. AMPK signaling pathway regulated the expression of the ApoA1 gene via the transcription factor Egr1 during G. parasuis stimulation. Vet Microbiol 2024; 294:110106. [PMID: 38776767 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) is the causative agent of porcine Glässer's disease, resulting in high mortality rates in pigs due to excessive inflammation-induced tissue damage. Previous studies investigating the protective effects of G. parasuis vaccination indicated a possible role of ApoA1 in reflecting disease progression following G. parasuis infection. However, the mechanisms of ApoA1 expression and its role in these infections are not well understood. In this investigation, newborn porcine tracheal (NPTr) epithelial cells infected with G. parasuis were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism and role of ApoA1. The study revealed that the AMPK pathway activation inhibited ApoA1 expression in NPTr cells infected with G. parasuis for the first time. Furthermore, Egr1 was identified as a core transcription factor regulating ApoA1 expression using a CRISPR/Cas9-based system. Importantly, it was discovered that APOA1 protein significantly reduced apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and inflammatory factors induced by G. parasuis in vivo. These findings not only enhance our understanding of ApoA1 in response to bacterial infections but also highlight its potential in mitigating tissue damage caused by G. parasuis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Yuna Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Yanxi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Ran Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Xueying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China.
| | - Kexin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, China.
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3
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Severe Inflammation Caused by Coinfection of PCV2 and Glaesserella parasuis Is Associated with Pyroptosis via Noncanonical Inflammasome Pathway. Cell Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7227099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coinfections of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) are widely existing in the swine industry worldwide. However, the mechanisms for this coinfection remain unclear. The aim of this study is to assess whether the coinfection PCV2 and G. parasuis would affect the inflammatory response and related mechanisms. In this study, BALB/c mice and RAW264.7 cells were used to study the inflammation and related mechanism caused by the coinfection of PCV2 and G. parasuis. Coinfection with PCV2 and G. parasuis significantly increased the mortality of mice and led to the development of more severe lung and spleen lesions compared with single agent infection. Especially, coinfection significantly increased the bacterial loads in the lungs. Coinfection with PCV2 and G. parasuis can enhance RAW264.7 cell phagocytosis and elimination to G. parasuis. Cell death rate of cells increased in coinfection was measured with Flow cytometry. Moreover, coinfection led to the downregulation of the expression of TNFα and IL-8 in comparison with G. parasuis infection, but the maturation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was significantly upregulated. Our study firstly revealed that coinfection of PCV2 and G. parasuis can increase the phagocytosis of cells to G. parasuis, and LPS in the cytoplasm will induce the maturation of caspase-11 and lead to the cleavage of Gasdermin D (GSDMD) to cause pyroptosis by noncanonical pathway. The revealing of mechanisms associated with coinfection with PCV2 and G. parasuis will provide a scientific basis for investigating the synergistic infection mechanisms between viruses and bacteria.
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4
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Zhang K, Chu P, Song S, Yang D, Bian Z, Li Y, Gou H, Jiang Z, Cai R, Li C. Proteome Analysis of Outer Membrane Vesicles From a Highly Virulent Strain of Haemophilus parasuis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:756764. [PMID: 34901247 PMCID: PMC8662722 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.756764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis has emerged as an important bacterial pathogen in pig husbandry, as H. parasuis can coinfect pigs with a variety of pathogenic microorganisms and further cause an aggravation of the disease. It is crucial to investigate its pathogenetic mechanism. Gram-negative bacteria naturally secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), and their potent virulence factors play prominent roles that affect the interaction between bacteria and host. Still, the pathogenesis that is associated with the bacterial OMVs has not been well-elucidated. In this study, we investigated the secretion of OMVs from a clinical H. parasuis isolate strain (H45). In addition, we further analyzed the characterization, the comprehensive proteome, and the virulence potential of OMVs. Our data demonstrated that H. parasuis could secrete OMVs into the extracellular milieu during infection. Using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) identification and bio-information analysis, we identified 588 different proteins associated with OMVs. Also, we also analyzed the subcellular location and biological function of those proteins. These proteins are mainly involved in immune and iron metabolism. Moreover, we confirmed the pathogenicity of H. parasuis OMVs by observing a strong inflammatory response in J774A.1 and porcine alveolar macrophages. Taken together, our findings suggested that OMVs from H. parasuis were involved in the pathogenesis of this bacterium during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunli Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Pinpin Chu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuai Song
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongxia Yang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhibiao Bian
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongchao Gou
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Rujian Cai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
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5
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Cao Q, Wei W, Wang H, Wang Z, Lv Y, Dai M, Tan C, Chen H, Wang X. Cleavage of E-cadherin by porcine respiratory bacterial pathogens facilitates airway epithelial barrier disruption and bacterial paracellular transmigration. Virulence 2021; 12:2296-2313. [PMID: 34482810 PMCID: PMC8425755 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1966996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells are the first line of defense against respiratory pathogens. Porcine bacterial pathogens, such as Bordetella bronchiseptica, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis, and Pasteurella multocida, breach this barrier to lead to local or systematic infections. Here, we demonstrated that respiratory bacterial pathogen infection disrupted the airway epithelial intercellular junction protein, E-cadherin, thus contributing to impaired epithelial cell integrity. E-cadherin knocking-out in newborn pig tracheal cells via CRISPR/Cas9 editing technology confirmed that E-cadherin was sufficient to suppress the paracellular transmigration of these porcine respiratory bacterial pathogens, including G. parasuis, A. pleuropneumoniae, P. multocida, and B. bronchiseptica. The E-cadherin ectodomain cleavage by these pathogens was probably attributed to bacterial HtrA/DegQ protease, but not host HtrA1, MMP7 and ADAM10, and the prominent proteolytic activity was further confirmed by a serine-to-alanine substitution mutation in the active center of HtrA/DegQ protein. Moreover, deletion of the htrA gene in G. parasuis led to severe defects in E-cadherin ectodomain cleavage, cell adherence and paracellular transmigration in vitro, as well as bacterial breaking through the tracheal epithelial cells, systemic invasion and dissemination in vivo. This common pathogenic mechanism shared by other porcine respiratory bacterial pathogens explains how these bacterial pathogens destroy the airway epithelial cell barriers and proliferate in respiratory mucosal surface or other systemic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zesong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yujin Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Menghong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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6
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Li H, Wu G, Zhao L, Zhang M. Suppressed inflammation in obese children induced by a high-fiber diet is associated with the attenuation of gut microbial virulence factor genes. Virulence 2021; 12:1754-1770. [PMID: 34233588 PMCID: PMC8274444 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1948252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, a gut microbiota-targeted dietary intervention with a high-fiber diet improved the immune status of both genetically obese (Prader-Willi Syndrome, PWS) and simple obese (SO) children. However, PWS children had higher inflammation levels than SO children throughout the trial, the gut microbiota of the two cohorts was similar. As some virulence factors (VFs) produced by the gut microbiota play a role in triggering host inflammation, this study compared the characteristics and changes of gut microbial VF genes of the two cohorts before and after the intervention using a fecal metagenomic dataset. We found that in both cohorts, the high-fiber diet reduced the abundance of VF, and particularly pathogen-specific, genes. The composition of VF genes was also modulated, especially for offensive and defensive VF genes. Furthermore, genes belonging to invasion, T3SS (type III secretion system), and adherence classes were suppressed. Co-occurrence network analysis detected VF gene clusters closely related to host inflammation in each cohort. Though these cohort-specific clusters varied in VF gene combinations and cascade reactions affecting inflammation, they mainly contained VFs belonging to iron uptake, T3SS, and invasion classes. The PWS group had a lower abundance of VF genes before the trial, which suggested that other factors could also be responsible for the increased inflammation in this cohort. This study provides insight into the modulation of VF gene structure in the gut microbiota by a high-fiber diet, with respect to reduced inflammation in obese children, and differences in VF genes between these two cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Guojun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Liping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Menghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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7
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Yin RH, Guo ZB, Zhou YY, Wang C, Yin RL, Bai WL. LncRNA-MEG3 Regulates the Inflammatory Responses and Apoptosis in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages Infected with Haemophilus parasuis Through Modulating the miR-210/TLR4 Axis. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3152-3164. [PMID: 34191053 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis, HPS) can elicit serious inflammatory responses and cause enormous economic loss to swine industry worldwide. However, the factors responsible for systemic infection and inflammatory responses of HPS have not yet been fully clarified. In this study, we found that lncRNA-MEG3 was significantly up-regulated in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) infected with HPS. The gain- and loss-of-function analysis confirmed that lncRNA-MEG3 participated in the inflammatory responses and apoptosis in HPS-infected PAMs, which was assessed via several inflammatory cytokine genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and apoptotic factors (Bcl-2, Bax, and C-caspase-3). Based on biotin-labeled RNA pull-down assay, we found that lncRNA-MEG3 bound with miR-210 in HPS-infected PAMs. Based on both overexpression and knockdown analysis of lncRNA-MEG3, our results indicated that lncRNA-MEG3 promoted the expression of TLR4 in HPS-infected PAMs. Using dual-luciferase reporter assays, we showed that lncRNA-MEG3 positively regulated the expression of TLR4 gene in HPS-infected PAMs through miR-210 pathway. Taken together, our results indicated that lncRNA-MEG3 participated in the inflammatory responses and apoptosis in HPS-infected PAMs through modulating the miR-210/TLR4 axis. The results from this investigation provided significant information for a novel target to control HPS infection in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong H Yin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Aninal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zhong B Guo
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Aninal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yuan Y Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Aninal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Liaoning Agricultural Technical College, Yingkou, 115009, China
| | - Rong L Yin
- Research Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Sciences of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Wen L Bai
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Aninal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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8
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Costa-Hurtado M, Barba-Vidal E, Maldonado J, Aragon V. Update on Glässer's disease: How to control the disease under restrictive use of antimicrobials. Vet Microbiol 2020; 242:108595. [PMID: 32122599 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobials have been commonly used to control bacterial diseases in farm animals. The efficacy of these drugs deterred the development of other control measures, such as vaccines, which are currently getting more attention due to the increased concern about antimicrobial resistance. Glässer's disease is caused by Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis and affects pork production around the world. Balance between colonization and immunity seems to be essential in disease control. Reduction in antimicrobial use in veterinary medicine requires the implementation of preventive measures, based on alternative tools such as vaccination and other strategies to guarantee a beneficial microbial colonization of the animals. The present review summarizes and discusses the current knowledge on diagnosis and control of Glässer's disease, including prospects on alternatives to antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Costa-Hurtado
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain.
| | | | | | - Virginia Aragon
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain; OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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9
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Costa-Hurtado M, Garcia-Rodriguez L, Lopez-Serrano S, Aragon V. Haemophilus parasuis VtaA2 is involved in adhesion to extracellular proteins. Vet Res 2019; 50:69. [PMID: 31547880 PMCID: PMC6755704 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0687-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is part of the microbiota of the upper respiratory tract in swine. However, virulent strains can cause a systemic disease known as Glässer’s disease. Several virulence factors have been described in H. parasuis including the virulence-associated trimeric autotransporters (VtaAs). VtaA2 is up-regulated during infection and is only found in virulent strains. In order to determine its biological function, the vtaA2 gene was cloned with its native promotor region in pACYC184, and the transformed Escherichia coli was used to perform functional in vitro assays. VtaA2 was found to have a role in attachment to plastic, mucin, BSA, fibronectin and collagen. As other VtaAs from H. parasuis, the passenger domain of VtaA2 contains collagen domains. In order to examine the contribution of the collagen repeats to VtaA2 function, a recombinant vtaA2 without the central collagen domains was obtained and named vtaA2OL. VtaA2OL showed similar capacity than VtaA2 to adhere to plastic, mucin, BSA, fibronectin and plasma but a reduced capacity to adhere to collagen, suggesting that the collagen domains of VtaA2 are involved in collagen attachment. No function in cell adhesion and invasion to epithelial alveolar cell line A549 or unspecific binding to primary alveolar macrophages was found. Likewise VtaA2 had no role in serum or phagocytosis resistance. We propose that VtaA2 mediates adherence to the host by binding to the mucin, found in the upper respiratory tract mucus, and to the extracellular matrix proteins, present in the connective tissue of systemic sites, such as the serosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Costa-Hurtado
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Laura Garcia-Rodriguez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sergi Lopez-Serrano
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Virginia Aragon
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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10
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Bercier P, Gottschalk M, Grenier D. Effects of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae on barrier function and inflammatory response of pig tracheal epithelial cells. Pathog Dis 2019; 77:5159464. [PMID: 30395241 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a respiratory pathogen that causes porcine pleuropneumonia, a fatal respiratory disease responsible for high economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. With the objective to better understand the interactions between A. pleuropneumoniae and the porcine respiratory epithelium, we investigated the capacity of this pathogen to damage the epithelial barrier and induce an inflammatory response. We showed that A. pleuropneumoniae, even at a multiplicity of infection of 10, is able to break the tracheal epithelial barrier integrity as determined by monitoring the transepithelial electrical resistance and fluorescein-isothiocyanate-dextran transport. Immunofluorescence staining analysis suggested that A. pleuropneumoniae is affecting two important tight junction proteins (occludin, zonula occludens-1). As a consequence of the breakdown of the epithelial barrier integrity, A. pleuropneumoniae can translocate across a cell monolayer. We also showed that tracheal epithelial cells secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α) in response to a stimulation with this pathogen. In summary, A. pleuropneumoniae is able to induce damage to the porcine respiratory epithelial barrier. Challenging the epithelial cells with A. pleuropneumoniae was also associated with the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This better knowledge of the interactions between A. pleuropneumoniae and the epithelial cells may help to design novel strategies to prevent epithelium invasion by this bacterium along with other swine respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bercier
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale (GREB), Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, GIV 0A6, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 2M2, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Nature et Technologies (FRQNT), Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale (GREB), Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, GIV 0A6, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Nature et Technologies (FRQNT), Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 2M2, Canada
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11
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Wang H, Liu L, Cao Q, Mao W, Zhang Y, Qu X, Cai X, Lv Y, Chen H, Xu X, Wang X. Haemophilus parasuis α-2,3-sialyltransferase-mediated lipooligosaccharide sialylation contributes to bacterial pathogenicity. Virulence 2019; 9:1247-1262. [PMID: 30036124 PMCID: PMC6104685 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1502606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is an important virulence-associated factor, and its sialylation largely confers its ability to mediate cell adhesion, invasion, inflammation, and immune evasion. Here, we investigated the function of the Haemophilus parasuis α-2,3-sialyltransferase gene, lsgB, which determines the terminal sialylation of LOS, by generating a lsgB deletion mutant as well as a complementation strain. Our data indicate a direct effect of lsgB on LOS sialylation and reveal important roles of lsgB in promoting the pathogenicity of H. parasuis, including adhesion to and invasion of porcine cells in vitro, bacterial load and survival in vivo, as well as a contribution to serum resistance. These observations highlight the function of lsgB in mediating LOS sialylation and more importantly its role in H. parasuis infection. These findings provide a more profound understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of this disease-causing bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China
| | - Lu Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China
| | - Qi Cao
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China
| | - Weiting Mao
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China
| | - Yage Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China
| | - Xinyi Qu
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China
| | - Xuwang Cai
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China.,c Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products , Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China , Wuhan , China
| | - Yujin Lv
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China.,d College of Veterinary Medicine , Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China.,c Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products , Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China , Wuhan , China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China.,c Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products , Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China , Wuhan , China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China.,b Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province , The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production , Wuhan , China.,c Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products , Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China , Wuhan , China
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12
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Yue C, Li J, Jin H, Hua K, Zhou W, Wang Y, Cheng G, Liu D, Xu L, Chen Y, Zeng Y. Autophagy Is a Defense Mechanism Inhibiting Invasion and Inflammation During High-Virulent Haemophilus parasuis Infection in PK-15 Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:93. [PMID: 31106159 PMCID: PMC6499186 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections activate autophagy and autophagy restricts pathogens such as Haemophilus parasuis through specific mechanisms. Autophagy is associated with the pathogenesis of H. parasuis. However, the mechanisms have not been clarified. Here, we monitored autophagy processes using confocal microscopy, western blot, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and found that H. parasuis SH0165 (high-virulent strain) but not HN0001 (non-virulent strain) infection enhanced autophagy flux. The AMPK/mTOR autophagy pathway was required for autophagy initiation and ATG5, Beclin-1, ATG7, and ATG16L1 emerged as important components in the generation of the autophagosome during H. parasuis infection. Moreover, autophagy induced by H. parasuis SH0165 turned to fight against invaded bacteria and inhibit inflammation. Then we further demonstrated that autophagy blocked the production of the cytokines IL-8, CCL4, and CCL5 induced by SH0165 infection through the inhibition of NF-κB, p38, and JNK MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, our findings suggest that autophagy may act as a cellular defense mechanism in response to H. parasuis and provide a new way that autophagy protects the host against H. parasuis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxiong Yue
- Brain and Cognition Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Brain and Cognition Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kexin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueyi Wang
- Brain and Cognition Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guirong Cheng
- Brain and Cognition Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Brain and Cognition Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lang Xu
- Brain and Cognition Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yushan Chen
- Brain and Cognition Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Big Data Science and Engineering Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Brain and Cognition Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Big Data Science and Engineering Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Ye C, Li R, Xu L, Qiu Y, Fu S, Liu Y, Wu Z, Hou Y, Hu CAA. Effects of Baicalin on piglet monocytes involving PKC-MAPK signaling pathways induced by Haemophilus parasuis. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:98. [PMID: 30909903 PMCID: PMC6434632 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilus parasuis (HPS) is the causative agent of Glässer’s disease, characterized by arthritis, fibrinous polyserositis and meningitis, and resulting in worldwide economic losses in the swine industry. Baicalin (BA), a commonly used traditional Chinese medication, has been shown to possess a series of activities, such as anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, whether BA has anti-apoptotic effects following HPS infection is unclear. Here, we investigated the anti-apoptotic effects and mechanisms of BA in HPS-induced apoptosis via the protein kinase C (PKC)–mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in piglet’s mononuclear phagocytes (PMNP). Results Our data demonstrated that HPS could induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, arrest the cell cycle and promote apoptosis via the PKC–MAPK signaling pathway in PMNP. Moreover, when BA was administered, we observed a reduction in ROS production, suppression of cleavage of caspase-3 in inducing apoptosis, and inhibition of activation of the PKC–MAPK signaling pathway for down-regulating p-JNK, p-p38, p-ERK, p-PKC-α and PKC-δ in PMNP triggered by HPS. Conclusions Our data strongly suggest that BA can reverse the apoptosis initiated by HPS through regulating the PKC–MAPK signaling pathway, which represents a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of HPS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruizhi Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shulin Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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14
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Hua K, Li Y, Zhou H, Hu X, Chen Y, He R, Luo R, Zhou R, Bi D, Jin H. Haemophilus parasuis Infection Disrupts Adherens Junctions and Initializes EMT Dependent on Canonical Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:324. [PMID: 30258822 PMCID: PMC6143654 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, animal experimentation verified that the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was activated under a reduced activity of p-β-catenin (Ser33/37/Thr41) and an increased accumulation of β-catenin in the lungs and kidneys of pigs infected with a highly virulent strain of H. parasuis. In PK-15 and NPTr cells, it was also confirmed that infection with a high-virulence strain of H. parasuis induced cytoplasmic accumulation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin. H. parasuis infection caused a sharp degradation of E-cadherin and an increase of the epithelial cell monolayer permeability, as well as a broken interaction between β-catenin and E-cadherin dependent on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway also contributed to the initiation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during high-virulence strain of H. parasuis infection with expression changes of epithelial/mesenchymal markers, increased migratory capabilities as well as the morphologically spindle-like switch in PK-15 and NPTr cells. Therefore, we originally speculated that H. parasuis infection activates the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway leading to a disruption of the epithelial barrier, altering cell structure and increasing cell migration, which results in severe acute systemic infection characterized by fibrinous polyserositis during H. parasuis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hufeng Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xueying Hu
- College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yushan Chen
- Brain and Cognition Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control in Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongrong He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dingren Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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15
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Baicalin modulates NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells Infected by Haemophilus parasuis Causing Glässer's disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:807. [PMID: 29339754 PMCID: PMC5770393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) can cause vascular inflammatory injury, but the molecular basis of this effect remains unclear. In this study,we investigated the effect of the anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-oxidant agent, baicalin, on the nuclear factor (NF)-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in pig primary aortic vascular endothelial cells. Activation of the NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway was induced in H. parasuis-infected cells. However, baicalin reduced the production of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and activation of the NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in infected cells. These results revealed that baicalin can inhibit H. parasuis-induced inflammatory responses in porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells, and may thus offer a novel strategy for controlling and treating H. parasuis infection. Furthermore, the results suggest that piglet primary aortic vascular endothelial cells may provide an experimental model for future studies of H. parasuis infection.
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16
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Limited Interactions between Streptococcus Suis and Haemophilus Parasuis in In Vitro Co-Infection Studies. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7010007. [PMID: 29316613 PMCID: PMC5874733 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis and Haemophilus parasuis are normal inhabitants of the porcine upper respiratory tract but are also among the most frequent causes of disease in weaned piglets worldwide, causing inflammatory diseases such as septicemia, meningitis and pneumonia. Using an in vitro model of infection with tracheal epithelial cells or primary alveolar macrophages (PAMs), it was possible to determine the interaction between S. suis serotype 2 and H. parasuis strains with different level of virulence. Within H. parasuis strains, the low-virulence F9 strain showed higher adhesion levels to respiratory epithelial cells and greater association levels to PAMs than the high-virulence Nagasaki strain. Accordingly, the low-virulence F9 strain induced, in general, higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines than the virulent Nagasaki strain from both cell types. In general, S. suis adhesion levels to respiratory epithelial cells were similar to H. parasuis Nagasaki strain. Yet, S. suis strains induced a significantly lower level of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression from epithelial cells and PAMs than those observed with both H. parasuis strains. Finally, this study has shown that, overall and under the conditions used in the present study, S. suis and H. parasuis have limited in vitro interactions between them and use probably different host receptors, regardless to their level of virulence.
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17
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Spengler D, Winoto-Morbach S, Kupsch S, Vock C, Blöchle K, Frank S, Rintz N, Diekötter M, Janga H, Weckmann M, Fuchs S, Schromm AB, Fehrenbach H, Schütze S, Krause MF. Novel therapeutic roles for surfactant-inositols and -phosphatidylglycerols in a neonatal piglet ARDS model: a translational study. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L32-L53. [PMID: 28860142 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00128.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological and immune-protective properties of surfactant-derived phospholipids and phospholipid subfractions in the context of neonatal inflammatory lung disease are widely unknown. Using a porcine neonatal triple-hit acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) model (repeated airway lavage, overventilation, and LPS instillation into airways), we assessed whether the supplementation of surfactant (S; poractant alfa) with inositol derivatives [inositol 1,2,6-trisphosphate (IP3) or phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)] or phosphatidylglycerol subfractions [16:0/18:1-palmitoyloleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG) or 18:1/18:1-dioleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (DOPG)] would result in improved clinical parameters and sought to characterize changes in key inflammatory pathways behind these improvements. Within 72 h of mechanical ventilation, the oxygenation index (S+IP3, S+PIP2, and S+POPG), the ventilation efficiency index (S+IP3 and S+POPG), the compliance (S+IP3 and S+POPG) and resistance (S+POPG) of the respiratory system, and the extravascular lung water index (S+IP3 and S+POPG) significantly improved compared with S treatment alone. The inositol derivatives (mainly S+IP3) exerted their actions by suppressing acid sphingomyelinase activity and dependent ceramide production, linked with the suppression of the inflammasome nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing protein-3 (NLRP3)-apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC)-caspase-1 complex, and the profibrotic response represented by the cytokines transforming growth factor-β1 and IFN-γ, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1/8, and elastin. In addition, IκB kinase activity was significantly reduced. S+POPG and S+DOPG treatment inhibited polymorphonuclear leukocyte activity (MMP-8 and myeloperoxidase) and the production of interleukin-6, maintained alveolar-capillary barrier functions, and reduced alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis, all of which resulted in reduced pulmonary edema. S+DOPG also limited the profibrotic response. We conclude that highly concentrated inositol derivatives and phosphatidylglycerol subfractions in surfactant preparations mitigate key inflammatory pathways in inflammatory lung disease and that their clinical application may be of interest for future treatment of the acute exudative phase of neonatal ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Spengler
- Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Supandi Winoto-Morbach
- Institute of Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Sarah Kupsch
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Christina Vock
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Lübeck and Borstel, Germany
| | - Katharina Blöchle
- Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Susanna Frank
- Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Nele Rintz
- Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Marie Diekötter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany.,Division of Experimental Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Harshavardhan Janga
- Section of Experimental Traumatology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Markus Weckmann
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck , Germany.,Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Lübeck and Borstel, Germany
| | - Sabine Fuchs
- Section of Experimental Traumatology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Andra B Schromm
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Heinz Fehrenbach
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Lübeck and Borstel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schütze
- Institute of Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Martin F Krause
- Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
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18
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Molecular analysis of lungs from pigs immunized with a mutant transferrin binding protein B-based vaccine and challenged with Haemophilus parasuis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 48:69-78. [PMID: 27638122 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The molecular analysis of pigs vaccinated with a mutant transferrin-binding protein B (Y167A) from Haemophilus parasuis was compared with that performed for unvaccinated challenged (UNCH) and unvaccinated unchallenged (UNUN) pigs. Microarray analysis revealed that UNCH group showed the most distinct expression profile for immune response genes, mainly for those genes involved in inflammation or immune cell trafficking. This fact was confirmed by real-time PCR, in which the greatest level of differential expression from this group were CD14, CD163, IL-8 and IL-12. In Y167A group, overexpressed genes included MAP3K8, CD14, IL-12 and CD163. Proteomics revealed that collagen α-1 and peroxiredoxins 2 and 6 were overexpressed in Y167A pigs. Our study reveals new data on genes and proteins involved in H. parasuis infection and several candidates of resistance to infection that are induced by Y167A vaccine. The expression of proinflammatory molecules from Y176A pigs is similar to their expression in UNUN pigs.
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19
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Fu S, Xu L, Li S, Qiu Y, Liu Y, Wu Z, Ye C, Hou Y, Hu CAA. Baicalin suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling during Haemophilus parasuis infection. Vet Res 2016; 47:80. [PMID: 27502767 PMCID: PMC4977663 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) is the causative agent of Glässer’s disease, a severe membrane inflammation disorder. Previously we showed that Baicalin (BA) possesses anti-inflammatory effects via the NLRP3 inflammatory pathway in an LPS-challenged piglet model. However, whether BA has anti-inflammatory effects upon H. parasuis infection is still unclear. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of BA on H. parasuis-induced inflammatory responses via the NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in piglet mononuclear phagocytes (PMNP). Our data demonstrate that PMNP, when infected with H. parasuis, induced ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, promoted apoptosis, and initiated transcription expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, PGE2, COX-2 and TNF-α via the NF-κB signaling pathway, and IL-1β and IL-18 via the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. Moreover, when BA was administrated, we observed a reduction in ROS production, suppression of apoptosis, and inhibition of the activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in PMNP treated with H. parasuis. To our best knowledge, this is the first example that uses piglet primary immune cells for an H. parasuis infection study. Our data strongly suggest that BA can reverse the inflammatory effect initiated by H. parasuis and possesses significant immunosuppression activity, which represents a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of H. parasuis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Sali Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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20
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Macedo N, Rovira A, Torremorell M. Haemophilus parasuis: infection, immunity and enrofloxacin. Vet Res 2015; 46:128. [PMID: 26511717 PMCID: PMC4625873 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is an early colonizer of the porcine upper respiratory tract and is the etiological agent of Glasser’s disease. The factors responsible for H. parasuis colonization and systemic infection are not yet well understood, while prevention and control of Glasser’s disease continues to be challenging. Recent studies on innate immunity to H. parasuis have demonstrated that porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) are able to differentially up-regulate several genes related to inflammation and phagocytosis, and several pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced by porcine cells upon exposure to H. parasuis. The susceptibility of H. parasuis strains to phagocytosis by PAMs and the bactericidal effect of complement are influenced by the virulent phenotype of the strains. While non-virulent strains are susceptible to phagocytosis and complement, virulent strains are resistant to both. However, in the presence of specific antibodies against H. parasuis, virulent strains become susceptible to phagocytosis. More information is still needed, though, in order to better understand the host immune responses to H. parasuis. Antimicrobials are commonly used in the swine industry to help treat and control Glasser’s disease. Some of the common antimicrobials have been shown to reduce colonization by H. parasuis, which may have implications for disease dynamics, development of effective immune responses and immunomodulation. Here, we provide the current state of research on innate and adaptive immune responses to H. parasuis and discuss the potential effect of enrofloxacin on the development of a protective immune response against H. parasuis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nubia Macedo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - Albert Rovira
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - Montserrat Torremorell
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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21
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Moleres J, Santos-López A, Lázaro I, Labairu J, Prat C, Ardanuy C, González-Zorn B, Aragon V, Garmendia J. Novel blaROB-1-bearing plasmid conferring resistance to β-lactams in Haemophilus parasuis isolates from healthy weaning pigs. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:3255-67. [PMID: 25747001 PMCID: PMC4393459 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03865-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis, the causative agent of Glässer's disease, is one of the early colonizers of the nasal mucosa of piglets. It is prevalent in swine herds, and lesions associated with disease are fibrinous polyserositis and bronchopneumonia. Antibiotics are commonly used in disease control, and resistance to several antibiotics has been described in H. parasuis. Prediction of H. parasuis virulence is currently limited by our scarce understanding of its pathogenicity. Some genes have been associated with H. parasuis virulence, such as lsgB and group 1 vtaA, while biofilm growth has been associated with nonvirulent strains. In this study, 86 H. parasuis nasal isolates from farms that had not had a case of disease for more than 10 years were obtained by sampling piglets at weaning. Isolates were studied by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR and determination of the presence of lsgB and group 1 vtaA, biofilm formation, inflammatory cell response, and resistance to antibiotics. As part of the diversity encountered, a novel 2,661-bp plasmid, named pJMA-1, bearing the blaROB-1 β-lactamase was detected in eight colonizing strains. pJMA-1 was shown to share a backbone with other small plasmids described in the Pasteurellaceae, to be 100% stable, and to have a lower biological cost than the previously described plasmid pB1000. pJMA-1 was also found in nine H. parasuis nasal strains from a separate collection, but it was not detected in isolates from the lesions of animals with Glässer's disease or in nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae isolates. Altogether, we show that commensal H. parasuis isolates represent a reservoir of β-lactam resistance genes which can be transferred to pathogens or other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Moleres
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Universidad Pública Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Alfonso Santos-López
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria y VISAVET, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidro Lázaro
- Instituto Navarro de Tecnologías e Infraestructuras Agroalimentarias-INTIA, Navarra, Spain
| | - Javier Labairu
- Instituto Navarro de Tecnologías e Infraestructuras Agroalimentarias-INTIA, Navarra, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ardanuy
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruno González-Zorn
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria y VISAVET, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Aragon
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Junkal Garmendia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Universidad Pública Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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22
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Chen Y, Liu T, Langford P, Hua K, Zhou S, Zhai Y, Xiao H, Luo R, Bi D, Jin H, Zhou R. Haemophilus parasuis induces activation of NF-κB and MAP kinase signaling pathways mediated by toll-like receptors. Mol Immunol 2015; 65:360-6. [PMID: 25733389 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glässer's disease in pigs caused by Haemophilus parasuis is characterized by a severe membrane inflammation. In our previous study, we have identified activation of the transcription factor NF-κB after H. parasuis infection of porcine epithelial cells. In this study, we found that H. parasuis infection also contributed to the activation of p38/JNK MAPK pathway predominantly linked to inflammation, but not the ERK MAPK pathway associated with growth, differentiation and development. Inhibition of NF-κB, p38 and JNK but not ERK activity significantly reduced IL-8 and CCL4 expression by H. parasuis. We also found TLR1, TLR2, TLR4 and TLR6 were required for NF-κB, p38 and JNK MAPK activation. Furthermore, MyD88 and TRIF signaling cascades were essential for H. parasuis-induced NF-κB activation. These results provided new insights into the molecular pathways underlying the inflammatory response induced by H. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Paul Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Kexin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yajun Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongde Xiao
- Hubei Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dingren Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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23
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Abstract
Swine are used in biomedical research as models for biomedical research and for teaching. This chapter covers normative biology and behavior along with common and emerging swine diseases. Xenotransplantation is discussed along with similarities and differences of swine immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi L. Helke
- Departments of Comparative Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Raimon Duran-Struuck
- Columbia Center of Translational Immunology, Department of Surgery; Institute of Comparative Medicine; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M. Michael Swindle
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Comparative Medicine and Department of Surgery, Charleston, SC, USA
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24
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Bello-Ortí B, Deslandes V, Tremblay YDN, Labrie J, Howell KJ, Tucker AW, Maskell DJ, Aragon V, Jacques M. Biofilm formation by virulent and non-virulent strains of Haemophilus parasuis. Vet Res 2014; 45:104. [PMID: 25428823 PMCID: PMC4245831 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a commensal bacterium of the upper respiratory tract of healthy pigs. It is also the etiological agent of Glässer’s disease, a systemic disease characterized by polyarthritis, fibrinous polyserositis and meningitis, which causes high morbidity and mortality in piglets. The aim of this study was to evaluate biofilm formation by well-characterized virulent and non-virulent strains of H. parasuis. We observed that non-virulent strains isolated from the nasal cavities of healthy pigs formed significantly (p < 0.05) more biofilms than virulent strains isolated from lesions of pigs with Glässer’s disease. These differences were observed when biofilms were formed in microtiter plates under static conditions or formed in the presence of shear force in a drip-flow apparatus or a microfluidic system. Confocal laser scanning microscopy using different fluorescent probes on a representative subset of strains indicated that the biofilm matrix contains poly-N-acetylglucosamine, proteins and eDNA. The biofilm matrix was highly sensitive to degradation by proteinase K. Comparison of transcriptional profiles of biofilm and planktonic cells of the non-virulent H. parasuis F9 strain revealed a significant number of up-regulated membrane-related genes in biofilms, and genes previously identified in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biofilms. Our data indicate that non-virulent strains of H. parasuis have the ability to form robust biofilms in contrast to virulent, systemic strains. Biofilm formation might therefore allow the non-virulent strains to colonize and persist in the upper respiratory tract of pigs. Conversely, the planktonic state of the virulent strains might allow them to disseminate within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mario Jacques
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada.
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25
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Liu C, Wang Y, Zhang H, Cheng S, Charreyre C, Audonnet JC, Chen P, He Q. Porcine coronin 1A contributes to nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inactivation during Haemophilus parasuis infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103904. [PMID: 25093672 PMCID: PMC4122374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis (H.parasuis) is the etiological agent of porcine polyserositis and arthritis (Glässer's disease) characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, meningitis and polyarthritis, causing severe economic losses to the swine industry. Currently, the molecular basis of this infection is largely unkonwn. Coronin 1A (Coro1A) plays important roles in host against bacterial infection, yet little is known about porcine Coro1A. In this study, we investigated the molecular characterization of porcine Coro1A, revealing that porcine Coro1A was widely expressed in different tissues. Coro1A could be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] and H.parasuis in porcine kidney-15 (PK-15) cells. Functional analyses revealed that porcine Coro1A suppressed the NF-κB activation during H.parasuis infection by inhibiting the degradation of IκBα and nuclear translocation of p65. Overexpression of porcine Coro1A inhibited the transcription of NF-κB-mediated downstream genes [Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and COX-2] through down-regulation of NF-κB. The results indicated that porcine Coro1A is an important immunity related gene that helps to inhibit NF-kB activation during H. parasuis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, State key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- State key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hengling Zhang
- Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, State key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Cheng
- Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, State key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Pin Chen
- Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, State key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qigai He
- Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, State key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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26
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Zhang B, Yu Y, Zeng Z, Ren Y, Yue H. Deletion of the rfaE gene in Haemophilus parasuis SC096 strain attenuates serum resistance, adhesion and invasion. Microb Pathog 2014; 74:33-7. [PMID: 25078003 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In Haemophilus parasuis, the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) has been identified as an important virulence factor. The rfa gene cluster encodes enzymes for LOS core biosynthesis. In order to investigate the role of the rfaE gene, we generated an rfaE deficient mutant (ΔrfaE) of a H. parasuis SC096 by a natural transformation method. The purified preparation of LOS from the ΔrfaE mutant strain showed truncated LOS structure on silver-stained SDS-PAGE. Compared to the wild-type SC096 strain, the generation time of ΔrfaE mutant strain was significantly extended from 59 min to 69 min. The ΔrfaE mutant strain caused an approximately 30-fold reductions in survival rate in 50% sera and 36-fold reductions in survival rate in 90% sera, respectively (p < 0.001). In adhesion and invasion assays, the ΔrfaE mutant strain had 10-fold less efficient adherence and 12-fold reductions in invasion of the porcine umbilicus vein endothelial cells (PUVEC) and porcine kidney epithelial cells (PK-15), respectively (p < 0.001). However, the complemented strain could restore the above phenotypes. Hence, the above results suggested that the rfaE gene participated in the pathogenicity of H. parasuis SC096 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuandi Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ze Zeng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yupeng Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hua Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.
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27
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Zhang L, Wen Y, Li Y, Wei X, Yan X, Wen X, Wu R, Huang X, Huang Y, Yan Q, Liu M, Cao S. Comparative proteomic analysis of the membrane proteins of two Haemophilus parasuis strains to identify proteins that may help in habitat adaptation and pathogenesis. Proteome Sci 2014; 12:38. [PMID: 25057263 PMCID: PMC4107730 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-12-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer’s disease characterized by polyserositis, arthritis, and meningitis in pig, leading to serious economic loss. Despite many years of study, virulence factors and the mechanisms of the entire infection process remain largely unclear. So two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to search for distinctions at the membrane protein expression level between two H. parasuis isolates aimed at uncovering some proteins potentially involved in habitat adaption and pathogenesis. Results A comparative proteomic approach combining two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry was employed to explore the differences among membrane proteomes of a virulent Haemophilus parasuis strain isolated from the lung of a diseased pig and an avirulent strain isolated from the nasal swab of a healthy pig. Differentially expressed protein spots identified by mass spectrometry were annotated and analyzed by bioinformatic interpretation. The mRNA level was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Proteins representing diverse functional activities were identified. Among them, the tonB-dependent siderophore receptor was a new discovery highlighted for its activity in iron uptake. In addition, periplasmic serine protease and putrescine/spermidine ABC transporter substrate-binding protein were given focus because of their virulence potential. This study revealed that the differentially expressed proteins were important in either the habitat adaption or pathogenesis of H. parasuis. Conclusions The outcome demonstrated the presence of some proteins which raise the speculation for their importance in helping in habitat adaption or pathogenesis within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Xingliang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Rui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
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28
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Dang Y, Lachance C, Wang Y, Gagnon CA, Savard C, Segura M, Grenier D, Gottschalk M. Transcriptional approach to study porcine tracheal epithelial cells individually or dually infected with swine influenza virus and Streptococcus suis. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:86. [PMID: 24708855 PMCID: PMC4022123 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Swine influenza is a highly contagious viral infection in pigs affecting the respiratory tract that can have significant economic impacts. Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is one of the most important post-weaning bacterial pathogens in swine causing different infections, including pneumonia. Both pathogens are important contributors to the porcine respiratory disease complex. Outbreaks of swine influenza virus with a significant level of co-infections due to S. suis have lately been reported. In order to analyze, for the first time, the transcriptional host response of swine tracheal epithelial (NPTr) cells to H1N1 swine influenza virus (swH1N1) infection, S. suis serotype 2 infection and a dual infection, we carried out a comprehensive gene expression profiling using a microarray approach. Results Gene clustering showed that the swH1N1 and swH1N1/S. suis infections modified the expression of genes in a similar manner. Additionally, infection of NPTr cells by S. suis alone resulted in fewer differentially expressed genes compared to mock-infected cells. However, some important genes coding for inflammatory mediators such as chemokines, interleukins, cell adhesion molecules, and eicosanoids were significantly upregulated in the presence of both pathogens compared to infection with each pathogen individually. This synergy may be the consequence, at least in part, of an increased bacterial adhesion/invasion of epithelial cells previously infected by swH1N1, as recently reported. Conclusion Influenza virus would replicate in the respiratory epithelium and induce an inflammatory infiltrate comprised of mononuclear cells and neutrophils. In a co-infection situation, although these cells would be unable to phagocyte and kill S. suis, they are highly activated by this pathogen. S. suis is not considered a primary pulmonary pathogen, but an exacerbated production of proinflammatory mediators during a co-infection with influenza virus may be important in the pathogenesis and clinical outcome of S. suis-induced respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, J2S 2M2 Québec, Canada.
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Zhang B, Tang C, Liao M, Yue H. Update on the pathogenesis of Haemophilus parasuis infection and virulence factors. Vet Microbiol 2014; 168:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Costa-Hurtado M, Aragon V. Advances in the quest for virulence factors of Haemophilus parasuis. Vet J 2013; 198:571-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Haemophilus parasuis subunit vaccines based on native proteins with affinity to porcine transferrin prevent the expression of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines in pigs. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:132432. [PMID: 24348673 PMCID: PMC3856127 DOI: 10.1155/2013/132432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The expression of chemokines (CCL-2 and CXCL-8) and cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10) was evaluated by RT-qPCR in colostrum-deprived pigs vaccinated and challenged with Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5. Two vaccines containing native proteins with affinity to porcine transferrin (NPAPTim and NPAPTit) were tested, along with two control groups: one inoculated with PBS instead of antigen (challenge group (CHG)), and another one nonimmunized and noninfected (blank group). The use of NPAPTim and NPAPTit resulted in complete protection against H. parasuis (no clinical signs and/or lesions), and both vaccines were capable of avoiding the expression of the proinflammatory molecules to levels similar to physiological values in blank group. However, overexpression of all proinflammatory molecules was observed in CHG group, mainly in the target infection tissues (brain, lungs, and spleen). High expression of CCL-2, CXCL-8, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 can be considered one of the characteristics of H. parasuis infection by serovar 5.
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Frandoloso R, Pivato M, Martínez-Martínez S, Rodríguez-Ferri EF, Kreutz LC, Martín CBG. Differences in Haemophilus parasuis adherence to and invasion of AOC-45 porcine aorta endothelial cells. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:207. [PMID: 24119995 PMCID: PMC3852208 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of Haemophilus parasuis depends on the bacterium’s ability to interact with endothelial cells and invade adjacent tissues. In this study, we investigated the abilities of eight H. parasuis reference strains belonging to serovars 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10 and 13 to adhere to and invade porcine aortic endothelial cells (AOC-45 cell line). Results The strains belonging to serovars 1, 2 and 5 were able to attach at high rates between 60 and 240 min of incubation, and serovars 4, 7 and 13 had moderate attachment rates; however, the strains belonging to serovars 9 and 10 had low adherence at all time points. Strong adherence was observed by scanning electron microscopy for the strains of serovars 5 and 4, which had high and moderate numbers, respectively, of H. parasuis cells attached to AOC-45 cells after 240 min of incubation. The highest invasiveness was reached at 180 min by the serovar 4 strain, followed by the serovar 5 strain at 240 min. The invasion results differed substantially depending on the strain. Conclusion The reference strains of H. parasuis serovars 1, 2, 4 and 5 exhibited high adhesion and invasion levels to AOC-45 porcine aorta endothelial cells, and these findings could aid to better explain the pathogenesis of the disease caused by these serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Frandoloso
- Section of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Animal Health, University of León, León, Spain.
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33
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Capsular sialic acid of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 binds to swine influenza virus and enhances bacterial interactions with virus-infected tracheal epithelial cells. Infect Immun 2013; 81:4498-508. [PMID: 24082069 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00818-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important swine bacterial pathogen, and it is also an emerging zoonotic agent. It is unknown how S. suis virulent strains, which are usually found in low quantities in pig tonsils, manage to cross the first host defense lines to initiate systemic disease. Influenza virus produces a contagious infection in pigs which is frequently complicated by bacterial coinfections, leading to significant economic impacts. In this study, the effect of a preceding swine influenza H1N1 virus (swH1N1) infection of swine tracheal epithelial cells (NTPr) on the ability of S. suis serotype 2 to adhere to, invade, and activate these cells was evaluated. Cells preinfected with swH1N1 showed bacterial adhesion and invasion levels that were increased more than 100-fold compared to those of normal cells. Inhibition studies confirmed that the capsular sialic acid moiety is responsible for the binding to virus-infected cell surfaces. Also, preincubation of S. suis with swH1N1 significantly increased bacterial adhesion to/invasion of epithelial cells, suggesting that S. suis also uses swH1N1 as a vehicle to invade epithelial cells when the two infections occur simultaneously. Influenza virus infection may facilitate the transient passage of S. suis at the respiratory tract to reach the bloodstream and cause bacteremia and septicemia. S. suis may also increase the local inflammation at the respiratory tract during influenza infection, as suggested by an exacerbated expression of proinflammatory mediators in coinfected cells. These results give new insight into the complex interactions between influenza virus and S. suis in a coinfection model.
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Perry MB, MacLean LL, Gottschalk M, Aragon V, Vinogradov E. Structure of the capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides from Haemophilus parasuis strains ER-6P (serovar 15) and Nagasaki (serovar 5). Carbohydr Res 2013; 378:91-7. [PMID: 23664728 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the family Pasteurellaceae and a swine pathogen. H. parasuis is found in the upper respiratory tract of piglets and produces Glässer's disease, an invasive disease characterized by polyserositis. H. parasuis contains a short lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipooligosaccharide (LOS) reported to play a partial role in interaction with host cells. The presence of capsule has been phenotypically demonstrated in certain H. parasuis strains and its role in virulence has been suggested, but the chemical structure of the surface polysaccharides of this bacterium was unknown. The structure of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and LOS from virulent strains ER-6P and Nagasaki was studied by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and chemical methods. CPS from both strains had the same main chain with disaccharide repeating unit, substituted with α-Neu5R-(2-3)-α-GalNAc-(1-P-(strain ER-6P) or α-Neu5R-(2-3)-α-Gal-(1-P-strain Nagasaki) side chains, where R is the N-acetyl or N-glycolyl group. Glycolyl-neuraminic acid is widely found in animal glycoproteins, but it apparently has not been found in bacteria before, and might be important for the biology of this microorganism. Ac and Gc were present in equal amounts in the strain ER-6P but Nagasaki contained only about 20% of Gc substituent. Both strains produced the same LPS of a rough type with a single phosphorylated Kdo linking core and lipid A parts. LOS structure was similar to some strains of H. influenzae and contained a globotetraose terminal sequence.
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Mussá T, Rodríguez-Cariño C, Sánchez-Chardi A, Baratelli M, Costa-Hurtado M, Fraile L, Domínguez J, Aragon V, Montoya M. Differential interactions of virulent and non-virulent H. parasuis strains with naïve or swine influenza virus pre-infected dendritic cells. Vet Res 2012; 43:80. [PMID: 23157617 PMCID: PMC3585918 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-43-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs possess a microbiota in the upper respiratory tract that includes Haemophilus parasuis. Pigs are also considered the reservoir of influenza viruses and infection with this virus commonly results in increased impact of bacterial infections, including those by H. parasuis. However, the mechanisms involved in host innate responses towards H. parasuis and their implications in a co-infection with influenza virus are unknown. Therefore, the ability of a non-virulent H. parasuis serovar 3 (SW114) and a virulent serovar 5 (Nagasaki) strains to interact with porcine bone marrow dendritic cells (poBMDC) and their modulation in a co-infection with swine influenza virus (SwIV) H3N2 was examined. At 1 hour post infection (hpi), SW114 interaction with poBMDC was higher than that of Nagasaki, while at 8 hpi both strains showed similar levels of interaction. The co-infection with H3N2 SwIV and either SW114 or Nagasaki induced higher levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-10 compared to mock or H3N2 SwIV infection alone. Moreover, IL-12 and IFN-α secretion differentially increased in cells co-infected with H3N2 SwIV and Nagasaki. These results pave the way for understanding the differences in the interaction of non-virulent and virulent strains of H. parasuis with the swine immune system and their modulation in a viral co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tufária Mussá
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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36
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Xu C, Zhang L, Zhang B, Feng S, Zhou S, Li J, Zou Y, Liao M. Involvement of lipooligosaccharide heptose residues of Haemophilus parasuis SC096 strain in serum resistance, adhesion and invasion. Vet J 2012; 195:200-4. [PMID: 22857892 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer's disease. To investigate the role of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) in H. parasuis infection, ΔopsX, ΔrfaF and ΔwaaQ mutants defective in expressing opsX, rfaF and waaQ heptosyltransferases were constructed by transformation. Compared to the wild-type SC096 strain, the ΔopsX and ΔrfaF mutants, but not the ΔwaaQ mutant, produced severely truncated LOS. The mutants exhibited various degrees of reduction in resistance to complement-mediated killing in porcine and rabbit sera. In addition, the ΔopsX and ΔrfaF mutant strains showed impaired ability to adhere to and invade porcine kidney epithelial cells (PK-15) and porcine umbilical vein endothelial cells, indicating roles for heptose I and II residues in the interaction with host cells. The ΔwaaQ mutant strain, with no obvious truncation of LOS structure, did not exhibit significant defects in adhesion to and invasion of host cells. This study provides insight into the contribution of the inner core oligosaccharide, especially heptose I and heptose II residues, to the virulence-associated properties of H. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
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37
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Chen Y, Jin H, Chen P, Li Z, Meng X, Liu M, Li S, Shi D, Xiao Y, Wang X, Zhou Z, Bi D, Zhou R. Haemophilus parasuis infection activates the NF-κB pathway in PK-15 cells through IκB degradation. Vet Microbiol 2012; 160:259-63. [PMID: 22704560 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent inducing a severe inflammation of the serous membranes in pigs, which contribute to the great economic losses in the pig industry in China in the recent years. In this study, it was demonstrated that H. parasuis could activate the inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) in a bacteria time- and dose-dependent manner in PK-15 cells, and inactivated H. parasuis significantly reduced the level of NF-κB activation in PK-15 cells compared with the counterpart especially in the later stage. After H. parasuis infection, the degradation of IκBα and phosphorylation of p65 was detected in PK-15 cells. Furthermore, the subcellular localization analyzed using confocal laser microscopy showed that p65-GFP rapidly translocated to the nucleus when PK-15 cells were stimulated with H. parasuis. In addition, real-time RT-PCR showed that the key inflammatory mediators including IL-8, CCL4 and CCL5, regulated by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) were up-regulated dramatically by the infection of H. parasuis in PK-15 cells. This was the first time to report that H. parasuis infection activated the NF-κB pathway in vitro through IκB degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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38
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Frandoloso R, Martínez-Martínez S, Yubero S, Rodríguez-Ferri EF, Gutiérrez-Martín CB. New insights in cellular immune response in colostrum-deprived pigs after immunization with subunit and commercial vaccines against Glässer's disease. Cell Immunol 2012; 277:74-82. [PMID: 22721860 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Four groups of colostrum-deprived pigs were immunized with Porcilis Glässer® (PG) or with subunit vaccines developed by us (rTbpA, NPAPT(M) or NPAPT(Cp)) against Glässer's disease, and they were challenged with 3×10(8)CFU of Haemophilus parasuis. A strong reduction in CD3(+)γδTCR(+) cells was seen in non-immunized control and scarcely protected (rTbpA) groups, suggesting that these cells could represent a target of H. parasuis infection. A significant increase in CD172α(+)CD163(+) cells was detected in all groups but PG, while a reduction in SLAIIDR(+) molecules expression was observed after challenge in control animals. Significant increases in CD3ε(+)CD8α(+)CD8β(+) and B cells were detected respectively in control and NPAPT groups, and in scarcely (rTbpA) and well-protected (NPAPT(M) and NPAPT(Cp)) groups. Finally, a greater response in CD4(+)CD8α(-) cells was observed in NPAPT(Cp) compared to NPAPT(M) and PG groups. These results state the potential of NPAPT antigen for developing effective vaccines against Glässer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Frandoloso
- Microbiology and Immunology Section, Department of Animal Health, University of León, 24007 León, Spain
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Zhou M, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Jin M. Haemophilus parasuis encodes two functional cytolethal distending toxins: CdtC contains an atypical cholesterol recognition/interaction region. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32580. [PMID: 22412890 PMCID: PMC3296717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer's disease of pigs, a disease associated with fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis and meningitis. We report here H. parasuis encodes two copies of cytolethal distending toxins (Cdts), which these two Cdts showed the uniform toxin activity in vitro. We demonstrate that three Cdt peptides can form an active tripartite holotoxin that exhibits maximum cellular toxicity, and CdtA and CdtB form a more active toxin than CdtB and CdtC. Moreover, the cellular toxicity is associated with the binding of Cdt subunits to cells. Further analysis indicates that CdtC subunit contains an atypical cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus (CRAC) region. The mutation of CRAC site resulted in decreased cell toxicity. Finally, western blot analysis show all the 15 H. parasuis reference strains and 109 clinical isolates expressed CdtB subunit, indicating that Cdt is a conservative putative virulence factor for H. parasuis. This is the first report of the molecular and cellular basis of Cdt host interactions in H. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingguang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Meilin Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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40
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Frandoloso R, Martínez-Martínez S, Gutiérrez-Martín CB, Rodríguez-Ferri EF. Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5 Nagasaki strain adheres and invades PK-15 cells. Vet Microbiol 2011; 154:347-52. [PMID: 21839589 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is the agent responsible for causing Glässer's disease, which is characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis and meningitis in pigs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro ability of two H. parasuis serovars of different virulence (serovar 5, Nagasaki strain, highly virulent, belonging to serovar 5, and SW114 strain, nonvirulent, belonging to serovar 3) to adhere to and invade porcine kidney epithelial cells (PK-15 line). Nagasaki strain was able to attach at high levels from 60 to 180 min of incubation irrespective of the concentrations compared (10(7)-10(10)CFU), and a substantial increase of surface projections could be seen in PK-15 cells by scanning electron microscopy. This virulent strain was also able to invade effectively these epithelial cells, and the highest invasion capacity was reached at 180 min of infection. On the contrary, nonvirulent SW114 strain hardly adhered to PK-15 cells, and it did not invade these cells, thus suggesting that adherence and invasion of porcine kidney epithelial cells could be a virulence mechanism involved in the lesions caused by H. parasuis Nagasaki strain in this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Frandoloso
- Section of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Animal Health, University of León, 24007 León, Spain
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41
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Correlation between clinico-pathological outcome and typing of Haemophilus parasuis field strains. Vet Microbiol 2010; 142:387-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Characterization and comparative analysis of the genes encoding Haemophilus parasuis outer membrane proteins P2 and P5. J Bacteriol 2009; 191:5988-6002. [PMID: 19633080 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00469-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a swine pathogen of significant industry concern, but little is known about how the organism causes disease. A related human pathogen, Haemophilus influenzae, has been better studied, and many of its virulence factors have been identified. Two of these, outer membrane proteins P2 and P5, are known to have important virulence properties. The goals of this study were to identify, analyze, and compare the genetic relatedness of orthologous genes encoding P2 and P5 proteins in a diverse group of 35 H. parasuis strains. Genes encoding P2 and P5 proteins were detected in all H. parasuis strains evaluated. The predicted amino acid sequences for both P2 and P5 proteins exhibit considerable heterogeneity, particularly in regions corresponding to predicted extracellular loops. Twenty-five variants of P2 and 17 variants of P5 were identified. The P2 proteins of seven strains were predicted to contain a highly conserved additional extracellular loop compared to the remaining strains and to H. influenzae P2. Antigenic-site predictions coincided with predicted extracellular loop regions of both P2 and P5. Neighbor-joining trees constructed using P2 and P5 sequences predicted divergent evolutionary histories distinct from those predicted by a multilocus sequence typing phylogeny based on partial sequencing of seven housekeeping genes. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR indicated that both genes are expressed in all of the strains.
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Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer's disease, which produces big losses in swine populations worldwide. H. parasuis SH0165, belonging to the dominant serovar 5 in China, is a clinically isolated strain with high-level virulence. Here, we report the first completed genome sequence of this species.
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