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Wang T, Zheng S, Ke F, Zhang S, Xiao J, Sun X, Zhang S, Zhang L, Gong J. Cytological and metabolomic analysis of Citrus fruit to elucidate puffing disorder. Food Chem 2024; 459:140356. [PMID: 38981384 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Puffiness, a physiological disorder commonly observed during the ripening and post-harvest processes of fruits in Citrus reticulata, significantly affects the quality and shelf-life of citrus fruits. The complex array of factors contributing to puffiness has obscured the current understanding of its mechanistic basis. This study examined the puffing index (PI) of 12 citrus varieties at full ripeness, focusing on the albedo layer as a crucial tissue, and investigated the correlation between cellular structural characteristics, key primary metabolites and PI. The findings revealed that the cell gap difference and the number of lipid droplets were closely linked to PI. Chlorogenic acid, Ferulic acid, D-Galacturonic acid, D-Glucuronic acid, (9Z,11E)-Octadecadienoic acid, and 9(10)-EpOME were identified as pivotal primary metabolites for rind puffing. Determination of lignin, protopectin, cellulose and lipoxygenase content further validated the relationship between cell wall, lipid metabolism and rind puffing. This study furnishes novel insights into the mechanisms underlying puffing disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuqi Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuzhi Ke
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Citrus Research Institute, Taizhou, 318026, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinping Xiao
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of horticulture, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xuepeng Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuning Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jinli Gong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Ying S, Webster B, Gomez-Cano L, Shivaiah KK, Wang Q, Newton L, Grotewold E, Thompson A, Lundquist PK. Multiscale physiological responses to nitrogen supplementation of maize hybrids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:879-899. [PMID: 37925649 PMCID: PMC11060684 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) production systems are heavily reliant on the provision of managed inputs such as fertilizers to maximize growth and yield. Hence, the effective use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is crucial to minimize the associated financial and environmental costs, as well as maximize yield. However, how to effectively utilize N inputs for increased grain yields remains a substantial challenge for maize growers that requires a deeper understanding of the underlying physiological responses to N fertilizer application. We report a multiscale investigation of five field-grown maize hybrids under low or high N supplementation regimes that includes the quantification of phenolic and prenyl-lipid compounds, cellular ultrastructural features, and gene expression traits at three developmental stages of growth. Our results reveal that maize perceives the lack of supplemented N as a stress and, when provided with additional N, will prolong vegetative growth. However, the manifestation of the stress and responses to N supplementation are highly hybrid-specific. Eight genes were differentially expressed in leaves in response to N supplementation in all tested hybrids and at all developmental stages. These genes represent potential biomarkers of N status and include two isoforms of Thiamine Thiazole Synthase involved in vitamin B1 biosynthesis. Our results uncover a detailed view of the physiological responses of maize hybrids to N supplementation in field conditions that provides insight into the interactions between management practices and the genetic diversity within maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ying
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Brandon Webster
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Lina Gomez-Cano
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kiran-Kumar Shivaiah
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Qianjie Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Linsey Newton
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Addie Thompson
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Peter K Lundquist
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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3
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Muñoz P, Tijero V, Vincent C, Munné-Bosch S. Abscisic acid triggers vitamin E accumulation by transient transcript activation of VTE5 and VTE6 in sweet cherry fruits. Biochem J 2024; 481:279-293. [PMID: 38314636 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Tocopherols are lipophilic antioxidants known as vitamin E and synthesized from the condensation of two metabolic pathways leading to the formation of homogentisate and phytyl diphosphate. While homogentisate is derived from tyrosine metabolism, phytyl diphosphate may be formed from geranylgeranyl diphosphate or phytol recycling from chlorophyll degradation. Here, we hypothesized that abscisic acid (ABA) could induce tocopherol biosynthesis in sweet cherries by modifying the expression of genes involved in vitamin E biosynthesis, including those from the phytol recycling pathway. Hence, the expression of key tocopherol biosynthesis genes was determined together with vitamin E and chlorophyll contents during the natural development of sweet cherries on the tree. Moreover, the effects of exogenously applied ABA on the expression of key tocopherol biosynthesis genes were also investigated during on-tree fruit development, and tocopherols and chlorophylls contents were analyzed. Results showed that the expression of tocopherol biosynthesis genes, including VTE5, VTE6, HPPD and HPT showed contrasting patterns of variation, but in all cases, increased by 2- and 3-fold over time during fruit de-greening. This was not the case for GGDR and VTE4, the first showing constitutive expression during fruit development and the second with marked down-regulation at ripening onset. Furthermore, exogenous ABA stimulated the production of both α- and γ-tocopherols by 60% and 30%, respectively, promoted chlorophyll degradation and significantly enhanced VTE5 and VTE6 expression, and also that of HPPD and VTE4, altogether increasing total tocopherol accumulation. In conclusion, ABA increases promote the transcription of phytol recycling enzymes, which may contribute to vitamin E biosynthesis during fruit development in stone fruits like sweet cherries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Tijero
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Vincent
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Boussardon C, Carrie C, Keech O. Comparing plastid proteomes points towards a higher plastidial redox turnover in vascular tissues than in mesophyll cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023:erad133. [PMID: 37026385 PMCID: PMC10400147 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plastids are complex organelles that vary in size and function depending on the cell type. Accordingly, they can be referred to as amyloplasts, chloroplasts, chromoplasts, etioplasts, proplasts to only cite a few denominations. Over the past decades, methods based on density gradients and differential centrifugations have been extensively used for the purification of plastids. However, these methods need large amounts of starting material, and hardly provide a tissue-specific resolution. Here, we applied our IPTACT (Isolation of Plastids TAgged in specific Cell Types) method, which involves the biotinylation of plastids in vivo using one-shot transgenic lines expressing the TOC64 gene coupled with a biotin ligase receptor particle and the BirA biotin ligase, to isolate plastids from mesophyll and companion cells of Arabidopsis thaliana using tissue specific pCAB3 and pSUC2 promoters, respectively. Subsequently, a proteome profiling was performed, and allowed the identification of 1672 proteins, among which 1342 were predicted plastidial, and 705 were fully confirmed according to SUBA5. Interestingly, although 92% of plastidial proteins were equally distributed between the two tissues, we observed an accumulation of proteins associated with jasmonic acid biosynthesis, plastoglobuli (e.g. NDC1, VTE1, PGL34, ABC1K1) and cyclic electron flow in plastids originating from vascular tissues. Besides demonstrating the technical feasibility of isolating plastids in a tissue-specific manner, our work provides strong evidence that plastids from vascular tissue have a higher redox turnover to ensure optimal functioning, notably under high solute strength as encountered in vascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Boussardon
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chris Carrie
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds St, Auckland,1142, New Zealand
| | - Olivier Keech
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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5
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Kang L, Wu Y, Zhang J, An Q, Zhou C, Li D, Pan C. Nano-selenium enhances the antioxidant capacity, organic acids and cucurbitacin B in melon (Cucumis melo L.) plants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113777. [PMID: 35738099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in melon production causing safety issues around the consumption of melon and increasing pathogen and insect tolerance to pesticides. This study investigated whether a nano-selenium (Nano-Se) spray treatment can improve resistance to biological stress in melon plants, reducing the need for pesticides, and how this mechanism is activated. To achieve this, we examine the ultrastructure and physio-biochemical responses of two melon cultivars after foliar spraying with Nano-Se. Nano-Se treatment reduced plastoglobulins in leaf mesophyll cells, thylakoid films were left intact, and compound starch granules increased. Nano-Se treatment also increased root mitochondria and left nucleoli intact. Nano-Se treatment enhanced ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase activities and their mRNA levels in treated melon plants compared to control plants (without Nano-Se treatments). Exogenous application of Nano-Se improved fructose, glucose, galactitol, stachyose, lactic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid and succinic acid in treated plants compared to control plants. In addition, Nano-Se treatment enhanced cucurbitacin B and up-regulated eight cucurbitacin B synthesis-related genes. We conclude that Nano-Se treatment of melon plants triggered antioxidant capacity, photosynthesis, organic acids, and up-regulated cucurbitacin B synthesis-related genes, which plays a comprehensive role in stress resistance in melon plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Kang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Yangliu Wu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingbang Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Quanshun An
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunran Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dong Li
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Canping Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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6
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Xu C, Fan J. Links between autophagy and lipid droplet dynamics. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2848-2858. [PMID: 35560198 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process in which cytoplasmic components are delivered to vacuoles or lysosomes for degradation and nutrient recycling. Autophagy-mediated degradation of membrane lipids provides a source of fatty acids for the synthesis of energy-rich, storage lipid esters such as triacylglycerol (TAG). In eukaryotes, storage lipids are packaged into dynamic subcellular organelles, lipid droplets. In times of energy scarcity, lipid droplets can be degraded via autophagy in a process termed lipophagy to release fatty acids for energy production via fatty acid β-oxidation. On the other hand, emerging evidence suggests that lipid droplets are required for the efficient execution of autophagic processes. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of metabolic interactions between autophagy and TAG storage, and discuss mechanisms of lipophagy. Free fatty acids are cytotoxic due to their detergent-like properties and their incorporation into lipid intermediates that are toxic at high levels. Thus, we also discuss how cells manage lipotoxic stresses during autophagy-mediated mobilization of fatty acids from lipid droplets and organellar membranes for energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Xu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Jilian Fan
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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7
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Espinoza-Corral R, Lundquist PK. The plastoglobule-localized protein AtABC1K6 is a Mn 2+-dependent kinase necessary for timely transition to reproductive growth. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101762. [PMID: 35202657 PMCID: PMC8956952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Absence of bc1 Complex (ABC1) is an ancient, atypical protein kinase family that emerged prior to the archaeal-eubacterial divergence. Loss-of-function mutants in ABC1 genes are linked to respiratory defects in microbes and humans and to compromised photosynthetic performance and stress tolerance in plants. However, demonstration of protein kinase activity remains elusive, hampering their study. Here, we investigate a homolog from Arabidopsis thaliana, AtABC1K6, and demonstrate in vitro autophosphorylation activity, which we replicate with a human ABC1 ortholog. We also show that AtABC1K6 protein kinase activity requires an atypical buffer composition, including Mn2+ as a divalent cation cofactor and a low salt concentration. AtABC1K6 associates with plastoglobule lipid droplets of A. thaliana chloroplasts, along with five paralogs. We show that the protein kinase activity associated with isolated A. thaliana plastoglobules was inhibited at higher salt concentrations, but could accommodate Mg2+ as well as Mn2+, indicating salt sensitivity, but not the requirement for Mn2+, may be a general characteristic of ABC1 proteins. Finally, loss of functional AtABC1K6 impairs the developmental transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. This phenotype was complemented by the wild-type sequence of AtABC1K6, but not by a kinase-dead point mutant in the unique Ala-triad of the ATP-binding pocket, demonstrating the physiological relevance of the protein's kinase activity. We suggest that ABC1s are bona fide protein kinases with a unique regulatory mechanism. Our results open the door to detailed functional and mechanistic studies of ABC1 proteins and plastoglobules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Espinoza-Corral
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
| | - Peter K Lundquist
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
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8
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Domínguez F, Cejudo FJ. Chloroplast dismantling in leaf senescence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5905-5918. [PMID: 33959761 PMCID: PMC8760853 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthetic plant cells, chloroplasts act as factories of metabolic intermediates that support plant growth. Chloroplast performance is highly influenced by environmental cues. Thus, these organelles have the additional function of sensing ever changing environmental conditions, thereby playing a key role in harmonizing the growth and development of different organs and in plant acclimation to the environment. Moreover, chloroplasts constitute an excellent source of metabolic intermediates that are remobilized to sink tissues during senescence so that chloroplast dismantling is a tightly regulated process that plays a key role in plant development. Stressful environmental conditions enhance the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by chloroplasts, which may lead to oxidative stress causing damage to the organelle. These environmental conditions trigger mechanisms that allow the rapid dismantling of damaged chloroplasts, which is crucial to avoid deleterious effects of toxic by-products of the degradative process. In this review, we discuss the effect of redox homeostasis and ROS generation in the process of chloroplast dismantling. Furthermore, we summarize the structural and biochemical events, both intra- and extraplastid, that characterize the process of chloroplast dismantling in senescence and in response to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Domínguez
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
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9
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Barros JAS, Siqueira JAB, Cavalcanti JHF, Araújo WL, Avin-Wittenberg T. Multifaceted Roles of Plant Autophagy in Lipid and Energy Metabolism. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:1141-1153. [PMID: 32565020 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Together with sugars and proteins, lipids constitute the main carbon reserves in plants. Lipids are selectively recycled and catabolized for energy production during development and in response to environmental stresses. Autophagy is a major catabolic pathway, operating in the recycling of cellular components in eukaryotes. Although the autophagic degradation of lipids has been mainly characterized in mammals and yeast, growing evidence has highlighted the role of autophagy in several aspects of lipid metabolism in plants. Here, we summarize recent findings focusing on autophagy functions in lipid droplet (LD) metabolism. We further provide novel insights regarding the relevance of autophagy in the maintenance and clearance of mitochondria and peroxisomes and its consequences for proper lipid usage and energy homeostasis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A S Barros
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - João A B Siqueira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - João H F Cavalcanti
- Instituto de Educação, Agricultura e Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Tamar Avin-Wittenberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
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10
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Xu C, Fan J, Shanklin J. Metabolic and functional connections between cytoplasmic and chloroplast triacylglycerol storage. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101069. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Lundquist PK, Shivaiah KK, Espinoza-Corral R. Lipid droplets throughout the evolutionary tree. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 78:101029. [PMID: 32348789 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular lipid droplets are utilized for lipid storage and metabolism in organisms as evolutionarily diverse as animals, fungi, plants, bacteria, and archaea. These lipid droplets demonstrate great diversity in biological functions and protein and lipid compositions, yet fundamentally share common molecular and ultrastructural characteristics. Lipid droplet research has been largely fragmented across the diversity of lipid droplet classes and sub-classes. However, we suggest that there is great potential benefit to the lipid community in better integrating the lipid droplet research fields. To facilitate such integration, we survey the protein and lipid compositions, functional roles, and mechanisms of biogenesis across the breadth of lipid droplets studied throughout the natural world. We depict the big picture of lipid droplet biology, emphasizing shared characteristics and unique differences seen between different classes. In presenting the known diversity of lipid droplets side-by-side it becomes necessary to offer for the first time a consistent system of categorization and nomenclature. We propose a division into three primary classes that reflect their sub-cellular location: i) cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CYTO-LDs), that are present in the eukaryotic cytoplasm, ii) prokaryotic lipid droplets (PRO-LDs), that exist in the prokaryotic cytoplasm, and iii) plastid lipid droplets (PL-LDs), that are found in plant plastids, organelles of photosynthetic eukaryotes. Within each class there is a remarkable array of sub-classes displaying various sizes, shapes and compositions. A more integrated lipid droplet research field will provide opportunities to better build on discoveries and accelerate the pace of research in ways that have not been possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Lundquist
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Kiran-Kumar Shivaiah
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Roberto Espinoza-Corral
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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12
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Elander PH, Minina EA, Bozhkov PV. Autophagy in turnover of lipid stores: trans-kingdom comparison. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1301-1311. [PMID: 29309625 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lipids and their cellular utilization are essential for life. Not only are lipids energy storage molecules, but their diverse structural and physical properties underlie various aspects of eukaryotic biology, such as membrane structure, signalling, and trafficking. In the ever-changing environment of cells, lipids, like other cellular components, are regularly recycled to uphold the housekeeping processes required for cell survival and organism longevity. The ways in which lipids are recycled, however, vary between different phyla. For example, animals and plants have evolved distinct lipid degradation pathways. The major cell recycling system, autophagy, has been shown to be instrumental for both differentiation of specialized fat storing-cells, adipocytes, and fat degradation in animals. Does plant autophagy play a similar role in storage and degradation of lipids? In this review, we discuss and compare implications of bulk autophagy and its selective route, lipophagy, in the turnover of lipid stores in animals, fungi, and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla H Elander
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elena A Minina
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter V Bozhkov
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
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van Wijk KJ, Kessler F. Plastoglobuli: Plastid Microcompartments with Integrated Functions in Metabolism, Plastid Developmental Transitions, and Environmental Adaptation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 68:253-289. [PMID: 28125283 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plastoglobuli (PGs) are plastid lipoprotein particles surrounded by a membrane lipid monolayer. PGs contain small specialized proteomes and metabolomes. They are present in different plastid types (e.g., chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and elaioplasts) and are dynamic in size and shape in response to abiotic stress or developmental transitions. PGs in chromoplasts are highly enriched in carotenoid esters and enzymes involved in carotenoid metabolism. PGs in chloroplasts are associated with thylakoids and contain ∼30 core proteins (including six ABC1 kinases) as well as additional proteins recruited under specific conditions. Systems analysis has suggested that chloroplast PGs function in metabolism of prenyl lipids (e.g., tocopherols, plastoquinone, and phylloquinone); redox and photosynthetic regulation; plastid biogenesis; and senescence, including recycling of phytol, remobilization of thylakoid lipids, and metabolism of jasmonate. These functionalities contribute to chloroplast PGs' role in responses to stresses such as high light and nitrogen starvation. PGs are thus lipid microcompartments with multiple functions integrated into plastid metabolism, developmental transitions, and environmental adaptation. This review provides an in-depth overview of PG experimental observations, summarizes the present understanding of PG features and functions, and provides a conceptual framework for PG research and the realization of opportunities for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas J van Wijk
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;
| | - Felix Kessler
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland;
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Qu S, Chapman N, Xia Z, Feng M, Feng S, Wang Z, Liu L. Ultramicroscopy reveals a layer of multiply folded membranes around the tannin-accumulating vacuole in honeysuckle petal trichomes. Micron 2017; 99:1-8. [PMID: 28395186 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy was used to reveal a layer of multiply folded membranes that closely surrounded the tannin-accumulating vacuole in cells of honeysuckle petal trichomes. A huge amount of tannins were deposited in the peripheral region and the center of the vacuole. The prolific membranes extended to the tannins deposited along the vacuole periphery. It was difficult to distinguish the vacuole membrane, and it seemed as if it was the layer of multiply folded membranes that separated the vacuole lumen from the cytoplasm. In addition, there were also membrane assemblies in the cytoplasm away from the vacuole, which were continuous with the proliferated membranes bordering the vacuole. Therefore, the tannin-accumulating vacuole was in close association with a very large network of proliferated membranes. The occurrence of such a layer of multiply folded membranes around the tannin-accumulating vacuole might be a structural strategy for improvement of the efficiency of vacuolar accumulation of tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Qu
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Navid Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Zhengyan Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Mingxiao Feng
- Department of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA(1)
| | - Shangcai Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China.
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