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Eicher C, Tran T, Munier E, Coulon J, Favier M, Alexandre H, Reguant C, Grandvalet C. Influence of pH on Oenococcus oeni metabolism: Can the slowdown of citrate consumption improve its acid tolerance? Food Res Int 2024; 179:114027. [PMID: 38342547 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Oenococcus oeni is the lactic acid bacteria most suited to carry out malolactic fermentation in wine, converting L-malic acid into L-lactic acid and carbon dioxide, thereby deacidifying wines. Indeed, wine is a harsh environment for microbial growth, partly because of its low pH. By metabolizing citrate, O. oeni maintains its homeostasis under acid conditions. Indeed, citrate consumption activates the proton motive force, helps to maintain intracellular pH, and enhances bacterial growth when it is co-metabolized with sugars. In addition, citrate metabolism is responsible for diacetyl production, an aromatic compound which bestows a buttery character to wine. However, an inhibitory effect of citrate on O. oeni growth at low pH has been highlighted in recent years. In order to understand how citrate metabolism can be linked to the acid tolerance of this bacterium, consumption of citrate was investigated in eleven O. oeni strains. In addition, malate and sugar consumptions were also monitored, as they can be impacted by citrate metabolism. This experiment highlighted the huge diversity of metabolisms between strains depending on their origin. It also showed the capacity of O. oeni to de novo metabolize certain end-products such as L-lactate and mannitol, a phenomenon never before demonstrated. It also enabled drawing hypotheses concerning the two positive effects that the slowing down of citrate metabolism could have on biomass production and malolactic fermentation occurring under low pH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Eicher
- UMR PAM, Université de Bourgogne, Institut Agro, INRAE, Dijon, France.
| | - Thierry Tran
- UMR PAM, Université de Bourgogne, Institut Agro, INRAE, Dijon, France
| | - Edouard Munier
- UMR PAM, Université de Bourgogne, Institut Agro, INRAE, Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Hervé Alexandre
- UMR PAM, Université de Bourgogne, Institut Agro, INRAE, Dijon, France
| | - Cristina Reguant
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Grup de Biotecnologia Enològica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
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Identification and Validation of Reference Genes for Expression Analysis in Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria under Environmental Stress. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091379. [PMID: 36143415 PMCID: PMC9505014 DOI: 10.3390/life12091379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reference genes, also referred to as housekeeping genes (HKGs), play an important role in gene expression analysis by serving as an internal control. These HKGs are usually involved in basic cellular functions and their expression should remain at relatively constant levels. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) has been used to measure gene expression. Since the normalization of gene expression data depends on baseline expression of HKGs, it is important to identify and verify true HKGs for the qRT-PCR analysis. The goal of this study is to identify and confirm HKGs in Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens, a nitrogen fixing bacterium which forms a symbiotic relationship with soybean. By revealing such HKGs, the normalization of gene expression would be more robust, reliable, and consistent. Here, we analyzed previous gene expression data for B. diazoefficiens under multiple environmental conditions. As a result, we identified seven constitutively expressed genes among 8453 genes across all conditions. Their fold-change values were within a range of −1.25-fold < x < 1.25-fold. We adopted GeNorm, NormFinder, and comparative ∆Ct methods to rank the seven candidate genes based on their expression stability. To validate these potential HKGs, we measured their expression in various experimental conditions, such as heat, pH, and heavy metal stress. The HKGs that were found in B. diazoefficiens were also applied in closely related species by identifying their homologs.
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DsrA Modulates Central Carbon Metabolism and Redox Balance by Directly Repressing pflB Expression in Salmonella Typhimurium. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0152221. [PMID: 35107349 PMCID: PMC8809350 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01522-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) function as vital regulators in response to various environmental stresses by base pairing with target mRNAs. The sRNA DsrA, an important posttranscriptional regulator, has been reported to play a crucial role in defense against oxidative stress in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, but its regulatory mechanism remains unclear. The transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) results in this study showed that the genes involved in glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and NADH-dependent respiration exhibited significantly different expression patterns between S. Typhimurium wild type (WT) and the dsrA deletion mutant (ΔdsrA strain) before and after H2O2 treatment. This indicated the importance of DsrA in regulating central carbon metabolism (CCM) and NAD(H) homeostasis of S. Typhimurium. To reveal the direct target of DsrA action, fusion proteins of six candidate genes (acnA, srlE, tdcB, nuoH, katG, and pflB) with green fluorescent protein (GFP) were constructed, and the fluorescence analysis showed that the expression of pflB encoding pyruvate-formate lyase was repressed by DsrA. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis and RNase E-dependent experiments showed that the direct base pairing of DsrA with pflB mRNA could recruit RNase E to degrade pflB mRNA and reduce the stability of pflB mRNA. In addition, the NAD+/NADH ratio in WT-ppflB-pdsrA was significantly lower than that in WT-ppflB, suggesting that the repression of pflB by DsrA could contribute greatly to the redox balance in S. Typhimurium. Taken together, a novel target of DsrA was identified, and its regulatory role was clarified, which demonstrated that DsrA could modulate CCM and redox balance by directly repressing pflB expression in S. Typhimurium. IMPORTANCE Small RNA DsrA plays an important role in defending against oxidative stress in bacteria. In this study, we identified a novel target (pflB, encoding pyruvate-formate lyase) of DsrA and demonstrated its potential regulatory mechanism in S. Typhimurium by transcriptome analysis. In silico prediction revealed a direct base pairing between DsrA and pflB mRNA, which was confirmed in site-directed mutagenesis experiments. The interaction of DsrA-pflB mRNA could greatly contribute to the regulation of central carbon metabolism and intracellular redox balance in S. Typhimurium. These findings provided a better understanding of the critical roles of small RNA in central metabolism and stress responses in foodborne pathogens.
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Rivas GA, Valdés La Hens D, Delfederico L, Olguin N, Bravo-Ferrada BM, Tymczyszyn EE, Semorile L, Brizuela NS. Molecular tools for the analysis of the microbiota involved in malolactic fermentation: from microbial diversity to selection of lactic acid bacteria of enological interest. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:19. [PMID: 34989896 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Winemaking is a complex process involving two successive fermentations: alcoholic fermentation, by yeasts, and malolactic fermentation (MLF), by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). During MLF, LAB can contribute positively to wine flavor through decarboxylation of malic acid with acidity reduction and other numerous enzymatic reactions. However, some microorganisms can have a negative impact on the quality of the wine through processes such as biogenic amine production. For these reasons, monitoring the bacterial community profiles during MLF can predict and control the quality of the final product. In addition, the selection of LAB from a wine-producing area is necessary for the formulation of native malolactic starter cultures well adapted to local winemaking practices and able to enhance the regional wine typicality. In this sense, molecular biology techniques are fundamental tools to decipher the native microbiome involved in MLF and to select bacterial strains with potential to function as starter cultures, given their enological and technological characteristics. In this context, this work reviews the different molecular tools (both culture-dependent and -independent) that can be applied to the study of MLF, either in bacterial isolates or in the microbial community of wine, and of its dynamics during the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Alejandro Rivas
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (IMBA), Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Danay Valdés La Hens
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (IMBA), Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucrecia Delfederico
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (IMBA), Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nair Olguin
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (IMBA), Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bárbara Mercedes Bravo-Ferrada
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (IMBA), Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emma Elizabeth Tymczyszyn
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (IMBA), Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Semorile
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (IMBA), Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Soledad Brizuela
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (IMBA), Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Zhao N, Xu J, Jiao L, Qiu M, Zhang J, Wei X, Fan M. Transcriptome-Based Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for Gene Expression Analysis of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris Under Acid Stress. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:731205. [PMID: 34512609 PMCID: PMC8430261 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.731205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is a major concern in fruit juice industry due to its spoilage potential of acidic fruit juice. Quantifying the expression levels of functional genes by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is necessary to elucidate the response mechanisms of A. acidoterrestris to acid stress. However, appropriate reference genes (RGs) for data normalization are required to obtain reliable RT-qPCR results. In this study, eight novel candidate RGs were screened based on transcriptome datasets of A. acidoterrestris under acid stress. The expression stability of eight new RGs and commonly used RG 16s rRNA was assessed using geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper algorithms. Moreover, the comprehensive analysis using the RefFinder program and the validation using target gene ctsR showed that dnaG and dnaN were the optimal multiple RGs for normalization at pH 4.0; ytvI, dnaG, and 16s rRNA at pH 3.5; icd and dnaG at pH 3.0; and ytvI, dnaG, and spoVE at pH 2.5. This study revealed for the first time that A. acidoterrestris had different suitable RGs under different acid conditions, with implications for further deciphering the acid response mechanisms of this spoilage-causing bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Junnan Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Lingxia Jiao
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mengzhen Qiu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xinyuan Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Mingtao Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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Use of Yeast Mannoproteins by Oenococcus oeni during Malolactic Fermentation under Different Oenological Conditions. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071540. [PMID: 34359413 PMCID: PMC8305826 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oenococcus oeni is the main agent of malolactic fermentation in wine. This fermentation takes place after alcoholic fermentation, in a low nutrient medium where ethanol and other inhibitor compounds are present. In addition, some yeast-derived compounds such as mannoproteins can be stimulatory for O. oeni. The mannoprotein concentration in wine depends on the fermenting yeasts, and non-Saccharomyces in particular can increase it. As a result of the hydrolytic activity of O. oeni, these macromolecules can be degraded, and the released mannose can be taken up and used as an energy source by the bacterium. Here we look at mannoprotein consumption and the expression of four O. oeni genes related to mannose uptake (manA, manB, ptsI, and ptsH) in a wine-like medium supplemented with mannoproteins and in natural wines fermented with different yeasts. We observe a general gene upregulation in response to wine-like conditions and different consumption patterns in the studied media. O. oeni was able to consume mannoproteins in all the wines. This consumption was notably higher in natural wines, especially in T. delbrueckii and S. cerevisiae 3D wines, which presented the highest mannoprotein levels. Regardless of the general upregulation, it seems that mannoprotein degradation is more closely related to the fermenting medium.
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Acin-Albiac M, Filannino P, Coda R, Rizzello CG, Gobbetti M, Di Cagno R. How water-soluble saccharides drive the metabolism of lactic acid bacteria during fermentation of brewers' spent grain. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:915-930. [PMID: 34132488 PMCID: PMC8913874 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We proposed a novel phenomic approach to track the effect of short-term exposures of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides to environmental pressure induced by brewers' spent grain (BSG)-derived saccharides. Water-soluble BSG-based medium (WS-BSG) was chosen as model system. The environmental pressure exerted by WS-BSG shifted the phenotypes of bacteria in species- and strains-dependent way. The metabolic drift was growth phase-dependent and likely underlay the diauxic profile of organic acids production by bacteria in response to the low availability of energy sources. Among pentosans, metabolism of arabinose was preferred by L. plantarum and xylose by Leuc. pseudomesenteroides as confirmed by the overexpression of related genes. Bayesian variance analysis showed that phenotype switching towards galactose metabolism suffered the greatest fluctuation in L. plantarum. All lactic acid bacteria strains utilized more intensively sucrose and its plant-derived isomers. Sucrose-6-phosphate activity in Leuc. pseudomesenteroides likely mediated the increased consumption of raffinose. The increased levels of some phenolic compounds suggested the involvement of 6-phospho-β-glucosidases in β-glucosides degradation. Expression of genes encoding β-glucoside/cellobiose-specific EII complexes and phenotyping highlighted an increased metabolism for cellobiose. Our reconstructed metabolic network will improve the understanding of how lactic acid bacteria may transform BSG into suitable food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Acin-Albiac
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Pasquale Filannino
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Rossana Coda
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00100, Finland
| | | | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
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Yang K, Dai X, Fan M, Zhang G. Influences of acid and ethanol stresses on Oenococcus oeni SD-2a and its proteomic and transcriptional responses. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2892-2900. [PMID: 33159330 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During winemaking, malolactic fermentation (MLF) is usually induced by Oenococcus oeni owing to its high resistance to wine stress factors. To ensure a controlled and efficient MLF process, starter cultures are inoculated in wine. In previous studies, O. oeni strains with sub-lethal acid or ethanol stresses showed higher freeze-drying vitality and better MLF performance. To explore the mechanisms involved, influences of acid and ethanol stresses on O. oeni SD-2a were investigated in this study to gain a better understanding of the cross-protection responses. RESULTS The results showed that acid and ethanol stresses both caused damage to cell membranes and decreased cellular adenosine triphosphate concentration. At the same time, acid stress increased the uptake of glutathione, while ethanol stress led to cell depolarization. The results of comparative proteomic analysis highlighted that heat shock protein was induced with almost all acid and ethanol stresses. In addition, the expression of stress-relevant genes (hsp20, clpP, trxA, ctsR, recO, usp) increased greatly with ethanol and acid stress treatments. Finally, the viability of O. oeni was improved with acid and ethanol pretreatments after freeze-drying. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that acid and ethanol stresses had mixed influences on O. oeni SD-2a. Some physiological and molecular changes would contribute to a more stress-tolerant state of O. oeni, thereby improving the viability of lyophilized cells. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianjun Dai
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingtao Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
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Dong R, Qin X, He S, Zhou X, Cui Y, Shi C, He Y, Shi X. DsrA confers resistance to oxidative stress in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria Phospho-β-Glucosidases during the Fermentation of Cereal by-Products. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010097. [PMID: 33466465 PMCID: PMC7830935 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioprocessing using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a powerful means to exploit plant-derived by-products as a food ingredient. LAB have the capability to metabolize a large variety of carbohydrates, but such metabolism only relies on few metabolic routes, conferring on them a high fermentation potential. One example of these pathways is that involving phospho-β-glucosidase genes, which are present in high redundancy within LAB genomes. This enzymatic activity undertakes an ambivalent role during fermentation of plant-based foods related to the release of a wide range of phenolic compounds, from their β-D-glycosylated precursors and the degradation of β-glucopyranosyl derived carbohydrates. We proposed a novel phenomic approach to characterize the metabolism drift of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides caused by a lignocellulosic by-product, such as the brewers’ spent grain (BSG), in contrast to Rich De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth. We observed an increased metabolic activity for gentiobiose, cellobiose and β-glucoside conjugates of phenolic compounds during BSG fermentation. Gene expression analysis confirmed the importance of cellobiose metabolism while a release of lignin-derived aglycones was found during BSG fermentation. We provided a comprehensive view of the important role exerted by LAB 6-phospho-β-glucosidases as well the major metabolic routes undertaken during plant-based fermentations. Further challenges will consider a controlled characterization of pbg gene expression correlated to the metabolism of β-glucosides with different aglycone moieties.
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Li Y, Wang Y, Fan L, Wang F, Liu X, Zhang H, Zhou J. Assessment of β-D-glucosidase activity and bgl gene expression of Oenococcus oeni SD-2a. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240484. [PMID: 33035240 PMCID: PMC7546479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosidases enhance flavor during wine-making by mediating the enzymatic release of aroma molecules. In order to better understand the aroma enhancement potential of Oenococcus oeni SD-2a, β-D-glucosidase (βG) activities in the culture supernatant, whole cells, and disrupted cell lysate were assessed at mid log, late log and stationary growth phase. The enzymatic activity was also compared further from cell cultures with 5 different carbon sources (glucose, cellobiose, arbutin, glucose and cellobiose, glucose and arbutin) at late log phase. Correspondingly, expression levels of 3 bgl genes, OEOE-0224, OEOE-1210, and OEOE-1569 were investigated from cell cultures of the 3 growth phases, and the 5 cell cultures with different carbon sources. Finally, the volatile aroma compounds released by O. oeni SD-2a in synthetic wines with natural glycosides were evaluated by GC-MS. Results showed βG of O. oeni SD-2a was not extracellular enzyme, and the location of it didn’t change with the change of growth phase and carbon source studied. βG activities in the whole cells and disrupted cell lysate were similar and constant at the 3 growth phases. As for the carbon sources, βG activities of whole cells and disrupted lysate were positively affected by cellobiose. While arbutin displayed positive and negative effect on βG activity of whole cells and disrupted lysate, respectively. It is probably that bgl genes OEOE-0224 and OEOE-1210 were related to βG activity of SD-2a whole cells, while OEOE-1569 was responsible for βG activity of disrupted lysate. More kinds of volatile compounds and higher total concentration were released by SD-2a in synthetic wine compared with control. Thus, SD-2a showed a great potential for flavor enhancement under wine-like conditions. This study provides more information for further study of βG activity from O. oeni SD-2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Li
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhou
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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12
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Bai B, Ren J, Bai F, Hao L. Selection and validation of reference genes for gene expression studies in Pseudomonas brassicacearum GS20 using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227927. [PMID: 31986172 PMCID: PMC6984700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas brassicacearum GS20 is an antagonistic strain of bacteria recently isolated from the rhizosphere of Codonopsis pilosula. No validated reference gene has been indentified from P. brassicacearum to use in the normalization of real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR data. Therefore, in this study, nine candidate reference genes (recA, gyrA, rpoD, proC, gmk, rho, 16S, ftsz, and secA) were assessed at different growth phases and under various growth conditions. The expression stability of these candidate genes was evaluated using BestKeeper, NormFinder and GeNorm. In general, the results showed rho, rpoD and gyrA were the most suitable reference genes for P. brassicacearum GS20. The relative expression of iron-regulated gene (fhu) was normalized to verify the reliability of the proposed reference genes under iron-replete and iron-limited conditions. The trend in relative expression was consistent with the change in siderophore production under different iron conditions. This study presents reliable reference genes for transcriptional studies in P. brassicacearum GS20 under the chosen experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianxia Bai
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- The Department of Biological Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
- Ecological and Environmental Research Institute of Taihang Mountain, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiahong Ren
- The Department of Biological Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
- Ecological and Environmental Research Institute of Taihang Mountain, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
- * E-mail: (LH); (JR)
| | - Fenling Bai
- The Department of Biological Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
- Ecological and Environmental Research Institute of Taihang Mountain, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Lin Hao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- * E-mail: (LH); (JR)
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13
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Pretorius N, Engelbrecht L, Du Toit M. Influence of sugars and pH on the citrate metabolism of different lactic acid bacteria strains in a synthetic wine matrix. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1490-1500. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Pretorius
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology and Department of Viticulture and Oenology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - L. Engelbrecht
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology and Department of Viticulture and Oenology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - M. Du Toit
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology and Department of Viticulture and Oenology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
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14
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Li L, Li J, Peng J, Wu W, Guo Y. Identification ofatpDas an optimal reference gene to explore antibiotic resistance and stress tolerance inRahnella aquatilis. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1096-1107. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Li
- Department of Ecological Science and Engineering College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University Beijing China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - J. Li
- Department of Plant Pathology College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - J. Peng
- Department of Ecological Science and Engineering College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - W. Wu
- Department of Ecological Science and Engineering College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Y. Guo
- Department of Ecological Science and Engineering College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University Beijing China
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15
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Relative expression of stress-related genes during acclimation at low temperature of psychrotrophic Oenococcus oeni strains from Patagonian wine. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 35:5. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Selection and validation of reference genes for gene expression studies in Klebsiella pneumoniae using Reverse Transcription Quantitative real-time PCR. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9001. [PMID: 29899556 PMCID: PMC5998039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27420-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
For reliable results, Reverse Transcription Quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses depend on stably expressed reference genes for data normalization purposes. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium that has become a serious threat worldwide. Unfortunately, there is no consensus for an ideal reference gene for RT-qPCR data normalization on K. pneumoniae. In this study, the expression profile of eleven candidate reference genes was assessed in K. pneumoniae cells submitted to various experimental conditions, and the expression stability of these candidate genes was evaluated using statistical algorithms BestKeeper, NormFinder, geNorm, Delta CT and RefFinder. The statistical analyses ranked recA, rho, proC and rpoD as the most suitable reference genes for accurate RT-qPCR data normalization in K. pneumoniae. The reliability of the proposed reference genes was validated by normalizing the relative expression of iron-regulated genes in K. pneumoniae cells submitted to iron-replete and iron-limited conditions. This work emphasizes that the stable expression of any potential reference candidate gene must be validated in each physiological condition or experimental treatment under study.
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17
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Dimopoulou M, Raffenne J, Claisse O, Miot-Sertier C, Iturmendi N, Moine V, Coulon J, Dols-Lafargue M. Oenococcus oeni Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis, a Tool to Improve Malolactic Starter Performance. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1276. [PMID: 29946314 PMCID: PMC6006919 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oenococcus oeni is the lactic acid bacterium that most commonly drives malolactic fermentation (MLF) in wine. Though the importance of MLF in terms of wine microbial stability and sensory improvement is well established, it remains a winemaking step not so easy to control. O. oeni displays many adaptation tools to resist the harsh wine conditions which explain its natural dominance at this stage of winemaking. Previous findings showed that capsular polysaccharides and endogenous produced dextran increased the survival rate and the conservation time of malolactic starters. In this paper, we showed that exopolysaccharides specific production rates were increased in the presence of single stressors relevant to wine (pH, ethanol). The transcription of the associated genes was investigated in distinct O. oeni strains. The conditions in which eps genes and EPS synthesis were most stimulated were then evaluated for the production of freeze dried malolactic starters, for acclimation procedures and for MLF efficiency. Sensory analysis tests on the resulting wines were finally performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dimopoulou
- Université de Bordeaux, EA 4577 Œnologie, INRA, USC 1366, ISVV, Bordeaux INP, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Jerôme Raffenne
- Université de Bordeaux, EA 4577 Œnologie, INRA, USC 1366, ISVV, Bordeaux INP, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Olivier Claisse
- Université de Bordeaux, EA 4577 Œnologie, INRA, USC 1366, ISVV, Bordeaux INP, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Cécile Miot-Sertier
- Université de Bordeaux, EA 4577 Œnologie, INRA, USC 1366, ISVV, Bordeaux INP, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | | | | | | | - Marguerite Dols-Lafargue
- Université de Bordeaux, EA 4577 Œnologie, INRA, USC 1366, ISVV, Bordeaux INP, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
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18
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Influence of ethanol adaptation on Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis survival in acidic environments and expression of acid tolerance-related genes. Food Microbiol 2018; 72:193-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Peng S, Liu L, Zhao H, Wang H, Li H. Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Normalization Under Ethanol Stress Conditions in Oenococcus oeni SD-2a. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:892. [PMID: 29780378 PMCID: PMC5946679 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The powerful Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was widely used to assess gene expression levels, which requires the optimal reference genes used for normalization. Oenococcus oeni (O. oeni), as the one of most important microorganisms in wine industry and the most resistant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species to ethanol, has not been investigated regarding the selection of stable reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization under ethanol stress conditions. In this study, nine candidate reference genes (proC, dnaG, rpoA, ldhD, ddlA, rrs, gyrA, gyrB, and dpoIII) were analyzed to determine the most stable reference genes for RT-qPCR in O. oeni SD-2a under different ethanol stress conditions (8, 12, and 16% (v/v) ethanol). The transcript stabilities of these genes were evaluated using the algorithms geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper. The results showed that dnaG and dpoIII were selected as the best reference genes across all experimental ethanol conditions. Considering single stress experimental modes, dpoIII and dnaG would be suitable to normalize expression level for 8% ethanol shock treatment, while the combination of gyrA, gyrB, and rrs would be suitable for 12% ethanol shock treatment. proC and gyrB revealed the most stable expression in 16% ethanol shock treatment. This study selected and validated for the first time the reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization in O. oeni SD-2a under ethanol stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Peng
- College of Enology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Longxiang Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- College of Enology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling, China
- Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Weinan, China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling, China
- Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Weinan, China
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20
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Daranas N, Badosa E, Francés J, Montesinos E, Bonaterra A. Enhancing water stress tolerance improves fitness in biological control strains of Lactobacillus plantarum in plant environments. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190931. [PMID: 29304187 PMCID: PMC5755932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum strains PM411 and TC92 can efficiently control bacterial plant diseases, but their fitness on the plant surface is limited under unfavourable low relative humidity (RH) conditions. To increase tolerance of these strains to water stress, an adaptive strategy was used consisting of hyperosmotic and acidic conditions during growth. Adapted cells had higher survival rates under desiccation than non-adapted cells. Transcript levels and patterns of general stress-related genes increased immediately after the combined-stress adaptation treatment, and remained unaltered or repressed during the desiccation challenge. However, there were differences between strains in the transcription patterns that were in agreement with a better performance of adapted cells of PM411 than TC92 in plant surfaces under low RH environmental conditions. The combined-stress adaptation treatment increased the survival of PM411 cells consistently in different plant hosts in the greenhouse and under field conditions. Stress-adapted cells of PM411 had similar biocontrol potential against bacterial plant pathogens than non-adapted cells, but with less variability within experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Daranas
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Esther Badosa
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Jesús Francés
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Emilio Montesinos
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Bonaterra
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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21
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Liu L, Zhao H, Peng S, Wang T, Su J, Liang Y, Li H, Wang H. Transcriptomic Analysis of Oenococcus oeni SD-2a Response to Acid Shock by RNA-Seq. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1586. [PMID: 28878748 PMCID: PMC5572241 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oenococcus oeni can be applied to conduct malolactic fermentation (MLF), but also is the main species growing naturally in wine. Due to the high stress tolerance, it is an interesting model for investigating acid response mechanisms. In this study, the changes in the transcriptome of O.oeni SD-2a during the adaptation period have been studied. RNA-seq was introduced for the transcriptomic analysis of O. oeni samples treated with pH 4.8 and pH 3.0 at 0 and 1 h, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genome (KEGG) were performed to compare the transcriptome data between different treatments. From GO analysis, the majority of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (pH 3.0_1 h-VS-pH 4.8_1 h, pH 3.0_1 h-VS-pH 4.8_0 h, and pH 4.8_1 h-VS-pH 4.8_0 h) were found to be involved in the metabolic process, catalytic activity, cellular process, and binding. KEGG analysis reveals that the most functional gene categories affected by acid are membrane transport, amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. Some genes, like the heat shock protein Hsp20, malate transporter and malate permease, were also over-expressed in response to acid stress. In addition, a considerable proportion of gene indicate a significantly different expression in this study, are novel, which needs to be investigated further. These results provide a new viewpoint and crucial resource on the acid stress response in O. oeni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxiang Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Shuai Peng
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China.,College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and EngineeringZigong, China
| | - Jing Su
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu, China
| | - Yanying Liang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China.,Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-VinicultureYangling, China.,Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Northwest A&F UniversityWeinan, China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China.,Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-VinicultureYangling, China.,Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Northwest A&F UniversityWeinan, China
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22
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Ludueña LM, Anzuay MS, Magallanes-Noguera C, Tonelli ML, Ibañez FJ, Angelini JG, Fabra A, McIntosh M, Taurian T. Effects of P limitation and molecules from peanut root exudates on pqqE gene expression and pqq promoter activity in the phosphate-solubilizing strain Serratia sp. S119. Res Microbiol 2017; 168:710-721. [PMID: 28709697 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The mineral phosphate-solubilizing phenotype in bacteria is attributed predominantly to secretion of gluconic acid produced by oxidation of glucose by the glucose dehydrogenase enzyme and its cofactor, pyrroloquinoline quinone. This study analyzes pqqE gene expression and pqq promoter activity in the native phosphate-solubilizing bacterium Serratia sp S119 growing under P-limitation, and in the presence of root exudates obtained from peanut plants, also growing under P-limitation. Results indicated that Serratia sp. S119 contains a pqq operon composed of six genes (pqqA,B,C,D,E,F) and two promoters, one upstream of pqqA and other between pqqA and pqqB. PqqE gene expression and pqq promoter activity increased under P-limiting growth conditions and not under N-deficient conditions. In the plant-bacteria interaction assay, the activity of the bacterial pqq promoter region varied depending on the concentration and type of root exudates and on the bacterial growth phase. Root exudates from peanut plants growing under P-available and P-limiting conditions showed differences in their composition. It is concluded from this study that the response of Serratia sp. S119 to phosphorus limitation involves an increase in expression of pqq genes, and that molecules exuded by peanut roots modify expression of these phosphate-solubilizing bacterial genes during plant-bacteria interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana M Ludueña
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal 3, 5800 Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Maria S Anzuay
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal 3, 5800 Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Cynthia Magallanes-Noguera
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal 3, 5800 Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Maria L Tonelli
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal 3, 5800 Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Fernando J Ibañez
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal 3, 5800 Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Jorge G Angelini
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal 3, 5800 Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Adriana Fabra
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal 3, 5800 Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Matthew McIntosh
- Loewe Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Tania Taurian
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal 3, 5800 Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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23
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Dimopoulou M, Claisse O, Dutilh L, Miot-Sertier C, Ballestra P, Lucas PM, Dols-Lafargue M. Molecular Cloning, Expression and Characterization of Oenococcus oeni Priming Glycosyltransferases. Mol Biotechnol 2017; 59:323-333. [PMID: 28667570 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oenococcus oeni is the main bacterial species that drives malolactic fermentation in wine. Most O. oeni strains produce capsular exopolysaccharides (EPS) that may contribute to protect them in the wine hostile environment. In O. oeni genome sequences, several genes are predicted to encode priming glycosyltransferases (pGTs). These enzymes are essential for EPS formation as they catalyze the first biosynthetic step through the formation of a phosphoanhydride bond between a hexose-1-phosphate and a lipid carrier undecaprenyl phosphate. In many microorganisms, mutations abolishing the pGT activity also abolish the EPS formation. We first made an in silico analysis of all the genes encoding putative pGT over 50 distinct O. oeni genome sequences. Two polyisoprenyl-phosphate-hexose-1-phosphate transferases, WoaA and WobA, and a glycosyltransferase (It3) were particularly examined for their topology and amino acid sequence. Several isoforms of these enzymes were then expressed in E. coli, and their substrate specificity was examined in vitro. The substrate specificity varied depending on the protein isoform examined, and several mutations were shown to abolish WobA activity but not EPS synthesis. Further analysis of woaA and wobA gene expression levels suggests that WoaA could replace the deficient WobA and maintain EPS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dimopoulou
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577 Œnologie, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Olivier Claisse
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577 Œnologie, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.,INRA, ISVV, USC 1366 Œnologie, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Lucie Dutilh
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577 Œnologie, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Cécile Miot-Sertier
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577 Œnologie, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.,INRA, ISVV, USC 1366 Œnologie, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Patricia Ballestra
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577 Œnologie, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Patrick M Lucas
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577 Œnologie, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Marguerite Dols-Lafargue
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577 Œnologie, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France. .,Bordeaux INP, ISVV, EA 4577 Œnologie, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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24
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Sadoudi M, Rousseaux S, David V, Alexandre H, Tourdot-Maréchal R. Metschnikowia pulcherrima Influences the Expression of Genes Involved in PDH Bypass and Glyceropyruvic Fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1137. [PMID: 28702001 PMCID: PMC5487418 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies reported that the use of Metschnikowia pulcherrima in sequential culture fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae mainly induced a reduction of volatile acidity in wine. The impact of the presence of this yeast on the metabolic pathway involved in pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) bypass and glycerol production in S. cerevisiae has never been investigated. In this work, we compared acetic acid and glycerol production kinetics between pure S. cerevisiae culture and its sequential culture with M. pulcherrima during alcoholic fermentation. In parallel, the expression levels of the principal genes involved in PDH bypass and glyceropyruvic fermentation in S. cerevisiae were investigated. A sequential culture of M. pulcherrima/S. cerevisiae at an inoculation ratio of 10:1 produced 40% less acetic acid than pure S. cerevisiae culture and led to the enhancement of glycerol content (12% higher). High expression levels of pyruvate decarboxylase PDC1 and PDC5, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase ALD6, alcohol dehydrogenase ADH1 and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase PDC1 genes during the first 3 days of fermentation in sequential culture conditions are highlighted. Despite the complexity of correlating gene expression levels to acetic acid formation kinetics, we demonstrate that the acetic acid production pathway is altered by sequential culture conditions. Moreover, we show for the first time that the entire acetic acid and glycerol metabolic pathway can be modulated in S. cerevisiae by the presence of M. pulcherrima at the beginning of fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohand Sadoudi
- UMR Procédés Alimentaires Microbiologiques - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté/AgroSup Dijon - équipe Vin ALiments Micro-organismes Stress, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin Jules Guyot, Université de BourgogneDijon, France
| | - Sandrine Rousseaux
- UMR Procédés Alimentaires Microbiologiques - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté/AgroSup Dijon - équipe Vin ALiments Micro-organismes Stress, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin Jules Guyot, Université de BourgogneDijon, France
| | - Vanessa David
- UMR Procédés Alimentaires Microbiologiques - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté/AgroSup Dijon - équipe Vin ALiments Micro-organismes Stress, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin Jules Guyot, Université de BourgogneDijon, France
| | - Hervé Alexandre
- UMR Procédés Alimentaires Microbiologiques - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté/AgroSup Dijon - équipe Vin ALiments Micro-organismes Stress, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin Jules Guyot, Université de BourgogneDijon, France
| | - Raphaëlle Tourdot-Maréchal
- UMR Procédés Alimentaires Microbiologiques - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté/AgroSup Dijon - équipe Vin ALiments Micro-organismes Stress, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin Jules Guyot, Université de BourgogneDijon, France
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25
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Weidmann S, Maitre M, Laurent J, Coucheney F, Rieu A, Guzzo J. Production of the small heat shock protein Lo18 from Oenococcus oeni in Lactococcus lactis improves its stress tolerance. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 247:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Moghaddam TK, Zhang J, Du G. UvrA expression of Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 improve multiple stresses tolerance and fermentation of lactic acid against salt stress. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:639-649. [PMID: 28298677 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis is subjected to several stressful conditions during industrial fermentation including oxidation, heating and cooling, acid, high osmolarity/dehydration and starvation. DNA lesion is a major cause of genetic instability in L. lactis that usually occurs at a low frequency, but it is greatly enhanced by environmental stresses. DNA damages produced by these environmental stresses are thought to induce DNA double-strand breaks, leading to illegitimate recombination. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) protein UvrA suppresses multiple stresses-induced illegitimate recombination. UvrA protein can survive a coincident condition of environmental harsh conditions, multiple stress factors supposedly encountered in the host and inducing UvrA in L. lactis. In this study the expression of UvrA and growth performance and viability of control strain L. lactisVector and recombinant strain L. lactisUvrA under multiple stress conditions were determined. The recombinants strain had 30.70 and 52.67% higher growth performances when subjected to acidic and osmotic stresses conditions. In addition, the L. lactisUvrA strain showed 1.85-, 1.65-, and 2.40-fold higher biomass, lactate production, and lactate productivity, compared with the corresponding values for L. lactisVector strain during the osmotic stress. Results demonstrated NER system is involved in adaptation to various stress conditions and suggested that cells with a compromised UvrA as DNA repair system have an enhanced protection behavior in L. lactis NZ9000 against DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher Khakpour Moghaddam
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China.,School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China.,School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China.,School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
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Margalef-Català M, Araque I, Bordons A, Reguant C. Genetic and transcriptional study of glutathione metabolism in Oenococcus oeni. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 242:61-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Margalef-Català M, Stefanelli E, Araque I, Wagner K, Felis GE, Bordons A, Torriani S, Reguant C. Variability in gene content and expression of the thioredoxin system in Oenococcus oeni. Food Microbiol 2017; 61:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Juarez Del Valle M, Laiño JE, Savoy de Giori G, LeBlanc JG. Factors stimulating riboflavin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum CRL 725 grown in a semi-defined medium. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 57:245-252. [PMID: 27966212 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Riboflavin (vitamin B2 ) is one of the B-group water-soluble vitamins and is essential for energy metabolism of the cell. The aim of this study was to determine factors that affect riboflavin production by Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum CRL 725 grown in a semi defined medium and evaluate the expression of its rib genes. The factors found to enhance riboflavin production in this medium were incubation at 30 °C, and the addition of specific medium constituents, such as casamino acids (10 g L-1 ), guanosine (0.04 g L-1 ), and sucrose as carbon source (20 g L-1 ). In these conditions, higher riboflavin concentrations were directly associated with significant increases in the expression of ribA, ribB, and ribC genes. The culture conditions defined in this work and its application to a roseoflavin resistant mutant of L. plantarum allowed for a sixfold increase in riboflavin concentrations in our semi-defined medium which were also significantly higher than those obtained previously using the same strain to ferment soymilk. These conditions should thus be evaluated to increase vitamin production in fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Graciela Savoy de Giori
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
- Cátedra de Microbiología Superior, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Jean Guy LeBlanc
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
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30
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Protective role of glutathione addition against wine-related stress in Oenococcus oeni. Food Res Int 2016; 90:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Margalef-Català M, Araque I, Bordons A, Reguant C, Bautista-Gallego J. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Oenococcus oeni Adaptation to Wine Stress Conditions. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1554. [PMID: 27746771 PMCID: PMC5044463 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oenococcus oeni, the main lactic acid bacteria responsible for malolactic fermentation in wine, has to adapt to stressful conditions, such as low pH and high ethanol content. In this study, the changes in the transcriptome and the proteome of O. oeni PSU-1 during the adaptation period before MLF start have been studied. DNA microarrays were used for the transcriptomic analysis and two complementary proteomic techniques, 2-D DIGE and iTRAQ labeling were used to analyze the proteomic response. One of the most influenced functions in PSU-1 due to inoculation into wine-like medium (WLM) was translation, showing the over-expression of certain ribosomal genes and the corresponding proteins. Amino acid metabolism and transport was also altered and several peptidases were up regulated both at gene and protein level. Certain proteins involved in glutamine and glutamate metabolism showed an increased abundance revealing the key role of nitrogen uptake under stressful conditions. A strong transcriptional inhibition of carbohydrate metabolism related genes was observed. On the other hand, the transcriptional up-regulation of malate transport and citrate consumption was indicative of the use of L-malate and citrate associated to stress response and as an alternative energy source to sugar metabolism. Regarding the stress mechanisms, our results support the relevance of the thioredoxin and glutathione systems in the adaptation of O. oeni to wine related stress. Genes and proteins related to cell wall showed also significant changes indicating the relevance of the cell envelop as protective barrier to environmental stress. The differences found between transcriptomic and proteomic data suggested the relevance of post-transcriptional mechanisms and the complexity of the stress response in O. oeni adaptation. Further research should deepen into the metabolisms mostly altered due to wine conditions to elucidate the role of each mechanism in the O. oeni ability to develop MLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Margalef-Català
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona, Spain
| | - Isabel Araque
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona, Spain
| | - Albert Bordons
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cristina Reguant
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Bautista-Gallego
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona, Spain
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32
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Bastard A, Coelho C, Briandet R, Canette A, Gougeon R, Alexandre H, Guzzo J, Weidmann S. Effect of Biofilm Formation by Oenococcus oeni on Malolactic Fermentation and the Release of Aromatic Compounds in Wine. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:613. [PMID: 27199942 PMCID: PMC4846790 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The winemaking process involves the alcoholic fermentation of must, often followed by malolactic fermentation (MLF). The latter, mainly carried out by the lactic acid bacterium Oenococcus oeni, is used to improve wine quality when acidity reduction is required. Moreover, it prevents microbial spoilage and improves the wine’s organoleptic profile. Prior observations showed that O. oeni is able to resist several months in harsh wine conditions when adhered on oak barrels. Since biofilm is a prevailing microbial lifestyle in natural environments, the capacity of O. oeni to form biofilms was investigated on winemaking material such as stainless steel and oak chips. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy showed that O. oeni was able to adhere to these surfaces and form spatially organized microcolonies embedded in extracellular substances. To assess the competitive advantage of this mode of life in wine, the properties of biofilm and planktonic cells were compared after inoculation in a fermented must (pH 3.5 or 3.2 and 12% ethanol) The results indicated that the biofilm culture of O. oeni conferred (i) increased tolerance to wine stress, and (ii) functional performance with effective malolactic activities. Relative gene expression focusing on stress genes and genes involved in EPS synthesis was investigated in a mature biofilm and emphasized the role of the matrix in increased biofilm resistance. As oak is commonly used in wine aging, we focused on the O. oeni biofilm on this material and its contribution to the development of wine color and the release of aromatic compounds. Analytical chromatography was used to target the main oak aging compounds such as vanillin, gaiacol, eugenol, whisky-lactones, and furfural. The results reveal that O. oeni biofilm developed on oak can modulate the wood-wine transfer of volatile aromatic compounds during MLF and aging by decreasing furfural, gaiacol, and eugenol in particular. This work showed that O. oeni forms biofilms consisting of stress-tolerant cells capable of efficient MLF under winemaking conditions. Therefore surface-associated behaviors should be considered in the development of improved strategies for the control of MLF in wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bastard
- UMR A PAM Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté - AgroSup Dijon - Equipe Vin, Aliment, Microbiologie Dijon, France
| | - Christian Coelho
- UMR A PAM Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté - AgroSup Dijon - Equipe Procédés Alimentaires et Physico-Chimie Dijon, France
| | - Romain Briandet
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alexis Canette
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Régis Gougeon
- UMR A PAM Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté - AgroSup Dijon - Equipe Procédés Alimentaires et Physico-Chimie Dijon, France
| | - Hervé Alexandre
- UMR A PAM Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté - AgroSup Dijon - Equipe Vin, Aliment, Microbiologie Dijon, France
| | - Jean Guzzo
- UMR A PAM Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté - AgroSup Dijon - Equipe Vin, Aliment, Microbiologie Dijon, France
| | - Stéphanie Weidmann
- UMR A PAM Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté - AgroSup Dijon - Equipe Vin, Aliment, Microbiologie Dijon, France
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Aoudia N, Rieu A, Briandet R, Deschamps J, Chluba J, Jego G, Garrido C, Guzzo J. Biofilms of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum: Effect on stress responses, antagonistic effects on pathogen growth and immunomodulatory properties. Food Microbiol 2016; 53:51-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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34
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Da Costa TB, De Morais NG, De Lira JMB, De Almeida TM, Gonçalves-De-Albuquerque SDC, Pereira VRA, De Paiva Cavalcanti M, De Castro CMMB. Relation between neonatal malnutrition and gene expression: inflammasome function in infections caused by Candida Albicans. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:693-704. [PMID: 26658898 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of neonatal malnutrition followed by nutritional replacement on the signaling mechanisms developed by the inflammasome complex by analyzing the expression of the targeted TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3, caspase-1 and release of IL-1β and IL-18 by alveolar macrophages infected in vitro with Candida albicans. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 24), 90-120 days, were suckled by mothers whose diet during lactation contained 17 % protein in the nourish group and 8 % protein in the malnourished group. After weaning, both groups were fed a normal protein diet. Macrophages were obtained after tracheostomy, through the collection of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The quantification of the expression levels of targets (TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3 and caspase-1) was performed by real-time RT-PCR. Production of cytokines was performed by ELISA. RESULTS The malnourished animals during lactation showed reduced body weight from the fifth day of life, remaining until adulthood. Further, the model applied malnutrition induced a lower expression of TLR4 and caspase-1. The quantification of the TLR2 and NLRP3, as well as the release of IL-1β and IL-18, was not different between groups of animals nourished and malnourished. The system challenged with Candida albicans showed high expression levels of all targets in the study. CONCLUSIONS The tests demonstrate nutritional restriction during critical periods of development, although nutritional supplementation may compromise defense patterns in adulthood in a timely manner, preserving distinct signaling mechanism, so that the individual does not become widely vulnerable to infections by opportunistic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thacianna Barreto Da Costa
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. .,Keizo Asami Laboratory of Immunopathology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Natália Gomes De Morais
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Keizo Asami Laboratory of Immunopathology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Joana Maria Bezerra De Lira
- Keizo Asami Laboratory of Immunopathology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Thays Miranda De Almeida
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Campus Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Campus Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Milena De Paiva Cavalcanti
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Campus Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria Machado Barbosa De Castro
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Keizo Asami Laboratory of Immunopathology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
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35
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Huang R, Pan M, Wan C, Shah NP, Tao X, Wei H. Physiological and transcriptional responses and cross protection of Lactobacillus plantarum ZDY2013 under acid stress. J Dairy Sci 2015; 99:1002-1010. [PMID: 26627851 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Acid tolerance responses (ATR) in Lactobacillus plantarum ZDY2013 were investigated at physiological and molecular levels. A comparison of composition of cell membrane fatty acids (CMFA) between acid-challenged and unchallenged cells showed that acid adaptation evoked a significantly higher percentage of saturated fatty acids and cyclopropane fatty acids in acid-challenged than in unchallenged cells. In addition, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis in acid-adapted cells at different pH values (ranging from 3.0 to 4.0) indicated that several genes were differently regulated, including those related to proton pumps, amino acid metabolism, sugar metabolism, and class I and class III stress response pathways. Expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and production of alkali was significantly upregulated. Upon exposure to pH 4.5 for 2 h, a higher survival rate (higher viable cell count) of Lactobacillus plantarum ZDY2013 was achieved following an additional challenge to 40 mM hydrogen peroxide for 60 min, but no difference in survival rate of cells was found with further challenge to heat, ethanol, or salt. Therefore, we concluded that the physiological and metabolic changes of acid-treated cells of Lactobacillus plantarum ZDY2013 help the cells resist damage caused by acid, and further initiated global response signals to bring the whole cell into a state of defense to other stress factors, especially hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P. R. China; Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Donglu, Nanchang 330047, P. R. China
| | - Mingfang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P. R. China; Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Donglu, Nanchang 330047, P. R. China
| | - Cuixiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P. R. China.
| | - Nagendra P Shah
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xueying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P. R. China; Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Donglu, Nanchang 330047, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P. R. China; Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Donglu, Nanchang 330047, P. R. China
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36
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Costantini A, Rantsiou K, Majumder A, Jacobsen S, Pessione E, Svensson B, Garcia-Moruno E, Cocolin L. Complementing DIGE proteomics and DNA subarray analyses to shed light on Oenococcus oeni adaptation to ethanol in wine-simulated conditions. J Proteomics 2015; 123:114-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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37
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Takahashi H, Ogai M, Miya S, Kuda T, Kimura B. Effects of environmental factors on histamine production in the psychrophilic histamine-producing bacterium Photobacterium iliopiscarium. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Olguín N, Champomier-Vergès M, Anglade P, Baraige F, Cordero-Otero R, Bordons A, Zagorec M, Reguant C. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of Oenococcus oeni PSU-1 response to ethanol shock. Food Microbiol 2015; 51:87-95. [PMID: 26187832 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The correct development of malolactic fermentation depends on the capacity of Oenococcus oeni to survive under harsh wine conditions. The presence of ethanol is one of the most stressful factors affecting O. oeni performance. In this study, the effect of ethanol addition (12% vol/vol) on O. oeni PSU-1 has been evaluated using a transcriptomic and proteomic approach. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the main functional categories of the genes affected by ethanol were metabolite transport and cell wall and membrane biogenesis. It was also observed that some genes were over-expressed in response to ethanol stress (for example, the heat shock protein Hsp20 and a dipeptidase). Proteomic analysis showed that several proteins are affected by the presence of ethanol. Functions related to protein synthesis and stability are the main target of ethanol damage. In some cases the decrease in protein concentration could be due to the relocation of cytosolic proteins in the membrane, as a protective mechanism. The omic approach used to study the response of O. oeni to ethanol highlights the importance of the cell membrane in the global stress response and opens the door to future studies on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nair Olguín
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Anglade
- Unité MICALIS (UMR1319) équipe FLEC, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Fabienne Baraige
- Unité MICALIS (UMR1319) équipe FLEC, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ricardo Cordero-Otero
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Bordons
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Monique Zagorec
- Unité MICALIS (UMR1319) équipe FLEC, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Cristina Reguant
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
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39
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Bordas M, Araque I, Bordons A, Reguant C. Differential expression of selected Oenococcus oeni genes for adaptation in wine-like media and red wine. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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40
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Rivera L, López-Patiño M, Milton D, Nieto T, Farto R. Effective qPCR methodology to quantify the expression of virulence genes in Aeromonas salmonicida
subsp. salmonicida. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:792-802. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Rivera
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Marina; Departamento de Biología Funcional y Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad de Vigo; Vigo Spain
| | - M.A. López-Patiño
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal; Departamento de Biología Funcional y Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad de Vigo; Vigo Spain
| | - D.L. Milton
- Department of Molecular Biology; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
- Southern Research Institute; Birmingham AL USA
| | - T.P. Nieto
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Marina; Departamento de Biología Funcional y Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad de Vigo; Vigo Spain
| | - R. Farto
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Marina; Departamento de Biología Funcional y Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad de Vigo; Vigo Spain
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41
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Zhang X, Wu W, Virgo N, Zou L, Liu P, Li X. Global transcriptome analysis of hexavalent chromium stress responses in Staphylococcus aureus LZ-01. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:1534-1545. [PMID: 25086489 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus strain LZ-01, isolated from the Lanzhou reaches of the Yellow River, is capable of reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III) aerobically. We employed transcriptome sequencing analysis to identify genes involved in Cr(VI) stress responses in S. aureus LZ-01. Our results showed that 512 of the 2,370 predicted genes displayed up-regulation (>2-fold), and 49 genes were down-regulated (<50 %) after Cr(VI) exposure. Among up-regulated genes, 128 genes were annotated to encode proteins involved in cellular processes; 68 were categorized to transport and binding proteins; 26 were involved in DNA repair and 32 were associated with regulatory functions. To further elucidate the Cr(VI) resistance and reduction mechanism, we carried out physiological tests and quantitative PCR analysis. Both RNA-seq and qRT-PCR data showed genes encoding a thioredoxin reductase and main subunits of cytochrome c oxidase complex were up-regulated upon Cr(VI) treatment. Either cadmium or NaN3 treatment could inhibit Cr(VI) reduction which indicates that thioredoxin and cytochrome are involved in Cr(VI) reduction strain LZ-01. 29 ABC-type metal/multidrug transporters and efflux pumps were up-regulated, suggesting that they are involved in Cr(VI) resistance by pumping chromium ions out of cells. The up-regulation of 26 DNA repair genes demonstrate that Cr(VI) is toxic to DNA and those DNA protection proteins need to be responded for Cr(VI) stress. Based on these results, the mechanism of strain LZ-01 resists and reduces Cr(VI) is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
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Zhou X, Liu B, Shi C, Shi X. Mutation of a Salmonella serogroup-C1-specific gene abrogates O7-antigen biosynthesis and triggers NaCl-dependent motility deficiency. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106708. [PMID: 25211341 PMCID: PMC4161368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Several molecular detection marker genes specific for a number of individual Salmonella serogroups have been recently identified in our lab by comparative genomics for the genotyping of diverse serogroups. To further understand the correlation between serotype and genotype, the function of a Salmonella serogroup-C1-specific gene (SC_2092) was analyzed in this study. It was indicated from the topological prediction using the deduced amino acid sequence of SC_2092 that this putative protein was highly similar to the confirmed Wzx flippases. Furthermore, SDS-PAGE revealed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis, specifically O-antigen synthesis, was incomplete in an SC_2092 in-frame deletion mutant, and no agglutination reaction with the O7 antibody was exhibited in this mutant. Therefore, it was revealed that this Salmonella serogroup-C1-specific gene SC_2092 encoded a putative flippase, which was required for O7-polysaccharide biosynthesis, and was designated here as wzxC1. Subsequently, the effects of the deletion of wzxC1 on bacterial motility and sodium chloride (NaCl) tolerance were evaluated. The wzxC1 mutant lacked swarming motility on solid surfaces and was impaired in swimming motility in soft agar. Moreover, microscopic examination and RT-qPCR exhibited that an increased auto-aggregation and a strong defect in flagella expression, respectively, were responsible for the reduced motility in this mutant. In addition, the wzxC1 mutant was more sensitive than the wild-type strain to NaCl, and auto-aggregation of mutant cells was observed immediately up on the addition of 1% NaCl to the medium. Interestingly, the motility deficiency of the mutant strain, as well as the cell agglomeration and the decrease in flagellar expression, were relieved in a NaCl-free medium. This is the first study to experimentally demonstrate a connection between a Salmonella serogroup specific gene identified by comparative genomics with the synthesis of a specific O-antigen biosynthesis. Also, our results show that the mutation of wzxC1 triggers a NaCl-dependent motility deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhou
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Shaanxi, Yangling, China
| | - Chunlei Shi
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (CS); (XS)
| | - Xianming Shi
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (CS); (XS)
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Rieu A, Aoudia N, Jego G, Chluba J, Yousfi N, Briandet R, Deschamps J, Gasquet B, Monedero V, Garrido C, Guzzo J. The biofilm mode of life boosts the anti-inflammatory properties of Lactobacillus. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:1836-53. [PMID: 25052472 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The predominant form of life for microorganisms in their natural habitats is the biofilm mode of growth. The adherence and colonization of probiotic bacteria are considered as essential factors for their immunoregulatory function in the host. Here, we show that Lactobacillus casei ATCC334 adheres to and colonizes the gut of zebrafish larvae. The abundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of macrophages were low when inflammation was induced in probiotic-fed animals, suggesting that these bacteria have anti-inflammatory properties. We treated human macrophage-differentiated monocytic THP-1 cells with supernatants of L. casei ATCC334 grown in either biofilm or planktonic cultures. TNF-α production was suppressed and the NF-κB pathway was inhibited only in the presence of supernatants from biofilms. We identified GroEL as the biofilm supernatant compound responsible, at least partially, for this anti-inflammatory effect. Gradual immunodepletion of GroEL demonstrated that the abundance of GroEL and TNF-α were inversely correlated. We confirmed that biofilm development in other Lactobacillus species affects the immune response. The biofilms supernatants of these species also contained large amounts of GroEL. Thus, our results demonstrate that the biofilm enhances the immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus sp. and that secreted GroEL is involved in this beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Rieu
- UMR A PAM Université de Bourgogne-AgroSup Dijon - équipe Vin, Aliment, Microbiologie, Stress, 21000, Dijon, France
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Implications of new research and technologies for malolactic fermentation in wine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8111-32. [PMID: 25142694 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The initial conversion of grape must to wine is an alcoholic fermentation (AF) largely carried out by one or more strains of yeast, typically Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After the AF, a secondary or malolactic fermentation (MLF) which is carried out by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is often undertaken. The MLF involves the bioconversion of malic acid to lactic acid and carbon dioxide. The ability to metabolise L-malic acid is strain specific, and both individual Oenococcus oeni strains and other LAB strains vary in their ability to efficiently carry out MLF. Aside from impacts on acidity, LAB can also metabolise other precursors present in wine during fermentation and, therefore, alter the chemical composition of the wine resulting in an increased complexity of wine aroma and flavour. Recent research has focused on three main areas: enzymatic changes during MLF, safety of the final product and mechanisms of stress resistance. This review summarises the latest research and technological advances in the rapidly evolving study of MLF and investigates the directions that future research may take.
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Adaptation of the wine bacterium Oenococcus oeni to ethanol stress: role of the small heat shock protein Lo18 in membrane integrity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:2973-80. [PMID: 24584255 DOI: 10.1128/aem.04178-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malolactic fermentation in wine is often carried out by Oenococcus oeni. Wine is a stressful environment for bacteria because ethanol is a toxic compound that impairs the integrity of bacterial membranes. The small heat shock protein (sHsp) Lo18 is an essential actor of the stress response in O. oeni. Lo18 prevents the thermal aggregation of proteins and plays a crucial role in membrane quality control. Here, we investigated the interaction between Lo18 and four types of liposomes: one was prepared from O. oeni grown under optimal growth conditions (here, control liposomes), one was prepared from O. oeni grown in the presence of 8% ethanol (here, ethanol liposomes), one was prepared from synthetic phospholipids, and one was prepared from phospholipids from Bacillus subtilis or Lactococcus lactis. We observed the strongest interaction between Lo18 and control liposomes. The lipid binding activity of Lo18 required the dissociation of oligomeric structures into dimers. Protein protection experiments carried out in the presence of the liposomes from O. oeni suggested that Lo18 had a higher affinity for control liposomes than for a model protein. In anisotropy experiments, we mimicked ethanol action by temperature-dependent fluidization of the liposomes. Results suggest that the principal determinant of Lo18-membrane interaction is lipid bilayer phase behavior rather than phospholipid composition. We suggest a model to describe the ethanol adaptation of O. oeni. This model highlights the dual role of Lo18 in the protection of proteins from aggregation and membrane stabilization and suggests how modifications of phospholipid content may be a key factor determining the balance between these two functions.
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Synergism of glycoside hydrolase secretomes from two thermophilic bacteria cocultivated on lignocellulose. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:2592-601. [PMID: 24532065 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00295-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two cellulolytic thermophilic bacterial strains, CS-3-2 and CS-4-4, were isolated from decayed cornstalk by the addition of growth-supporting factors to the medium. According to 16S rRNA gene-sequencing results, these strains belonged to the genus Clostridium and showed 98.87% and 98.86% identity with Clostridium stercorarium subsp. leptospartum ATCC 35414(T) and Clostridium cellulosi AS 1.1777(T), respectively. The endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities of strain CS-4-4 were approximately 3 to 5 times those of strain CS-3-2, whereas the β-glucosidase activity of strain CS-3-2 was 18 times higher than that of strain CS-4-4. The xylanase activity of strain CS-3-2 was 9 times that of strain CS-4-4, whereas the β-xylosidase activity of strain CS-4-4 was 27 times that of strain CS-3-2. The enzyme activities in spent cultures following cocultivation of the two strains with cornstalk as the substrate were much greater than those in pure cultures or an artificial mixture of samples, indicating synergism of glycoside hydrolase secretomes between the two strains. Quantitative measurement of the two strains in the cocultivation system indicated that strain CS-3-2 grew robustly during the initial stages, whereas strain CS-4-4 dominated the system in the late-exponential phase. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of protein bands appearing in the native zymograms showed that ORF3880 and ORF3883 from strain CS-4-4 played key roles in the lignocellulose degradation process. Both these open reading frames (ORFs) exhibited endoglucanase and xylanase activities, but ORF3880 showed tighter adhesion to insoluble substrates at 4, 25, and 60°C owing to its five carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs).
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Sassoubre LM, Ramsey MM, Gilmore MS, Boehm AB. Transcriptional response of Enterococcus faecalis to sunlight. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 130:349-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Quorum-sensing regulation of constitutive plantaricin by Lactobacillus plantarum strains under a model system for vegetables and fruits. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 80:777-87. [PMID: 24242246 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03224-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the regulatory system of bacteriocin synthesis by Lactobacillus plantarum strains in vegetables and fruits in a model system. Sterile and neutralized cell-free supernatant (CFS) from L. plantarum strains grown in MRS broth showed in vitro antimicrobial activities toward various indicator strains. The highest activity was that of L. plantarum C2. The antimicrobial activity was further assayed on vegetable and fruit agar plates (solid conditions) and in juices (liquid conditions). A regulatory mechanism of bacteriocin synthesis via quorum sensing was hypothesized. The synthesis of antimicrobial compounds seemed to be constitutive under solid conditions of growth on vegetable and fruit agar plates. In contrast, it depended on the size of the inoculum when L. plantarum C2 was grown in carrot juice. Only the inoculum of ca. 9.0 log CFU ml(-1) produced detectable activity. The genes plnA, plnEF, plnG, and plnH were found in all L. plantarum strains. The genes plnJK and plnN were detected in only three or four strains. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography purification and mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of a mixture of eight peptides in the most active fraction of the CFS from L. plantarum C2. Active peptides were encrypted into bacteriocin precursors, such as plantaricins PlnJ/K and PlnH and PlnG, which are involved in the ABC transport system. A real-time PCR assay showed an increase in the expression of plnJK and plnG during growth of L. plantarum C2 in carrot juice.
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Cafaro C, Bonomo M, Salzano G. Adaptive changes in geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase gene expression level under ethanol stress conditions in Oenococcus oeni. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 116:71-80. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Cafaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze; Università degli Studi della Basilicata; Potenza Italy
| | - M.G. Bonomo
- Dipartimento di Scienze; Università degli Studi della Basilicata; Potenza Italy
| | - G. Salzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze; Università degli Studi della Basilicata; Potenza Italy
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Evaluation of Clostridium ljungdahlii DSM 13528 reference genes in gene expression studies by qRT-PCR. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:460-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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