1
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Zhu Y, Li SY, Zhang LJ, Lei B, Wang YC, Wang Z. Neuroprotection of the P2X7 receptor antagonist A740003 on retinal ganglion cells in experimental glaucoma. Neuroreport 2024; 35:822-831. [PMID: 38973496 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000002071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the neuroprotective effects of the P2X7 receptor antagonist A740003 on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in chronic intraocular hypertension (COH) experimental glaucoma mouse model. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the glaucoma-related genes. Western blot, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and immunofluorescence staining techniques were employed to explore the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of A740003 on RGCs in COH retinas. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cell apoptosis were highly related to the pathogenesis of glaucoma. In COH retinas, intraocular pressure elevation significantly increased the levels of translocator protein, a marker of microglial activation, which could be reversed by intravitreal preinjection of A740003. A740003 also suppressed the increased mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) 1β and tumor necrosis factor α in COH retinas. In addition, although the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and IL-10 were kept unchanged in COH retinas, administration of A740003 could increase their levels. The mRNA and protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were increased in COH retinas, which could be partially reversed by A740003, while the levels of Bcl-2 kept unchanged in COH retinas with or without the injections of A740003. Furthermore, A740003 partially attenuated the reduction in the numbers of Brn-3a-positive RGCs in COH mice. A740003 could provide neuroprotective roles on RGCs by inhibiting the microglia activation, attenuating the retinal inflammatory response, reducing the apoptosis of RGCs, and enhancing the survival of RGCs in COH experimental glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Shu-Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Lu-Jia Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Bo Lei
- Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong-Chen Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai
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2
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Wang Q, Xu X, Ye J, Zhang Z. The role of cGAS/STING signaling in ophthalmological diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117078. [PMID: 38968795 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The eye is one of the most vulnerable parts of the human body. There are many kinds of ophthalmic diseases, which are caused by multiple factors. Generally, ophthalmic diseases have the characteristics of complicated etiology and difficult therapy. With the development of the times, ophthalmic diseases have become a major problem that affects people's lives. Inflammation, a major factor inducing ocular diseases, is one of the most popular research directions. The cGAS/STING pathway is a recently discovered inflammatory signaling pathway, which recognizes double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) as an activation signal to promote the expression of downstream cytokines that promote inflammatory response or autoimmune response. Since most of the current treatments for ophthalmic diseases mainly rely on surgery, it is of positive significance to explore the pathogenesis for the discovery of drug targets. This review summarize the research progress of the cGAS/STING pathway in major ophthalmic diseases by introducing the correlation between classical inflammatory pathway and ophthalmic diseases, in order to predict the research direction and methods targeting the cGAS/STING pathway in the pathogenesis of ophthalmic diseases, and also provide guidance for the mechanism as well as molecular targets of ophthalmic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou City, Jingzhou 434000, China
| | - Xiaozhi Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211198, China
| | - Junmei Ye
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211198, China.
| | - Zuhai Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou City, Jingzhou 434000, China.
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3
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Gong Q, Fu M, Wang J, Zhao S, Wang H. Potential Immune-Inflammatory Proteome Biomarkers for Guiding the Treatment of Patients with Primary Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma Caused by COVID-19. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:2587-2597. [PMID: 38836775 PMCID: PMC11232099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Primary acute angle-closure glaucoma (PAACG) is a sight-threatening condition that can lead to blindness. With the increasing incidence of COVID-19, a multitude of people are experiencing acute vision loss and severe swelling of the eyes and head. These patients were then diagnosed with acute angle closure, with or without a history of PACG. However, the mechanism by which viral infection causes PACG has not been clarified. This is the first study to explore the specific inflammatory proteomic landscape in SARS-CoV-2-induced PAACG. The expression of 92 inflammation-related proteins in 19 aqueous humor samples from PAACGs or cataract patients was detected using the Olink Target 96 Inflammation Panel based on a highly sensitive and specific proximity extension assay technology. The results showed that 76 proteins were significantly more abundant in the PAACG group than in the cataract group. Notably, the top eight differentially expressed proteins were IL-8, MCP-1, TNFRSF9, DNER, CCL4, Flt3L, CXCL10, and CD40. Generally, immune markers are related to inflammation, macrophage activation, and viral infection, revealing the crucial role of macrophages in the occurrence of PAACGs caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Gong
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- National
Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai
Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai
Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Mingshui Fu
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- National
Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai
Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai
Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- National
Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai
Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai
Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Shuzhi Zhao
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- National
Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai
Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai
Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- National
Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai
Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai
Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, Shanghai 200080, China
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4
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Wang X, Hu B, Zhang H, Zhou S, Wu W, Tan Z, Sun M, Kang Q. The anti-apoptotic role of Ginkgolide B via mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibition in retinal ischemia-reperfusion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 705:149722. [PMID: 38442447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
This research delves into the effectiveness of Ginkgolide B (GB), a compound from Ginkgo biloba, in combating cell death caused by glaucoma, with a focus on mitochondrial impairment and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Utilizing models of high intraocular pressure and in vitro glaucoma simulations, the study investigates GB's impact on retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) under oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and in a rat glaucoma model. The study methodologies included apoptosis assessment, apoptotic marker analysis via Western blot, and mitochondrial structure and function evaluation. The findings reveal that GB notably decreases apoptosis in RPCs exposed to OGD/R in vitro, and reduces ischemia-reperfusion damage in vivo. GB's protective role is attributed to its ability to preserve mitochondrial integrity, maintain membrane potential, regulate calcium levels, and inhibit mPTP opening. These results underscore GB's potential as a therapeutic agent for acute primary angle-closure glaucoma, highlighting its capability to alleviate mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in RPCs and retinal nerve fiber layer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiou Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Baoqi Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710002, China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Sijia Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Wenfei Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Zizhu Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Meiqi Sun
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Qianyan Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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5
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Ji KB, Wan W, Yang Y, He XJ, Xing YQ, Hu Z. Ameliorative effect of resveratrol on acute ocular hypertension induced retinal injury through the SIRT1/NF-κB pathway. Neurosci Lett 2024; 826:137712. [PMID: 38447888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a kind of neurodegenerative disorder characterized by irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and permanent visual impairment. It is reported that resveratrol (RES) is a promising drug for neurodegenerative diseases. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying its protective potential have not yet been fully elucidated. The present study sought to investigate whether resveratrol could protect RGCs and retinal function triggered by acute ocular hypertension injury through the SIRT1/NF-κB pathway. An experimental glaucoma model was generated in C57BL/6J mice. Resveratrol was intraperitoneally injected for 5 days. Sirtinol was injected intravitreally on the day of retinal AOH injury. RGC survival was determined using immunostaining. TUNEL staining was conducted to evaluate retinal cell apoptosis. ERG was used to evaluate visual function. The proteins Brn3a, SIRT1, NF-κB, IL-6, Bax, Bcl2, and Cleaved Caspase3 were determined using western blot. The expression and localisation of SIRT1 and NF-κB in the retina were detected by immunofluorescence. Our data indicated that resveratrol treatment significantly increased Brn3a-labelled RGCs and reduced RGC apoptosis caused by AOH injury. Resveratrol administration also remarkably decreased NF-κB, IL-6, Bax, and Cleaved Caspase3 proteins and increased SIRT1 and Bcl2 proteins. Furthermore, resveratrol treatment obviously inhibited the reduction in ERG caused by AOH injury. Importantly, simultaneous administration of resveratrol and sirtinol abrogated the protective effect of resveratrol, decreased NF-κB protein expression, and increased SIRT1 protein levels. These results suggest that resveratrol administration significantly mitigates retinal AOH-induced RGCs loss and retinal dysfunction, and that this neuroprotective effect is partially regulated through the SIRT1/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Bao Ji
- Deparment of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wan
- Deparment of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Deparment of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Jun He
- Deparment of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Qiao Xing
- Deparment of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhe Hu
- Deparment of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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6
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Iorga RE, Moraru AD, Costin D, Munteanu-Dănulescu RS, Brănișteanu DC. Current trends in targeting the oxidative stress in glaucoma (Review). Eur J Ophthalmol 2024; 34:328-337. [PMID: 37974458 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231214297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy characterised by retinal ganglion cell degeneration and visual field loss. Glaucoma is considered to be the leading cause of blindness in the industrialised countries. Oxidative damage is an important pathogenic factor in glaucoma, which triggers trabecular meshwork (TM) degeneration, which then leads to intraocular hypertension. Neurodegenerative insults during glaucomatous neurodegeneration initiate an immune response to restore tissue homeostasis. However, the oxidative stress (OS) that develops during the pathogenic processes of glaucoma, along with the agerelated OS, plays a critical role in shifting the physiological equilibrium. In the TM from glaucoma donors, proinflammatory markers were found, which were induced by the activation of a stress response. Chronic changes in the composition of antioxidants found in aqueous humour may induce alterations in TM as well as in the optic nerve head cells. Highlighting the pathogenic role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in glaucoma has implications in preventing this disease. Various clinical trials are available to test the efficacy of antioxidant drugs in glaucoma management. In this review, we discuss the OS as a therapeutic target, suggesting that the modulation of a pro-oxidant/antioxidant status might be a relevant target for glaucoma prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Eugenia Iorga
- Department of Ophthalmology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Dana Moraru
- Department of Ophthalmology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Dănuț Costin
- Department of Ophthalmology, "N. Oblu" Clinical Hospital, Iasi, Romania
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7
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Fernández-Albarral JA, Ramírez AI, de Hoz R, Matamoros JA, Salobrar-García E, Elvira-Hurtado L, López-Cuenca I, Sánchez-Puebla L, Salazar JJ, Ramírez JM. Glaucoma: from pathogenic mechanisms to retinal glial cell response to damage. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1354569. [PMID: 38333055 PMCID: PMC10850296 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1354569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the retina characterized by the irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) leading to visual loss. Degeneration of RGCs and loss of their axons, as well as damage and remodeling of the lamina cribrosa are the main events in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Different molecular pathways are involved in RGC death, which are triggered and exacerbated as a consequence of a number of risk factors such as elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), age, ocular biomechanics, or low ocular perfusion pressure. Increased IOP is one of the most important risk factors associated with this pathology and the only one for which treatment is currently available, nevertheless, on many cases the progression of the disease continues, despite IOP control. Thus, the IOP elevation is not the only trigger of glaucomatous damage, showing the evidence that other factors can induce RGCs death in this pathology, would be involved in the advance of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. The underlying mechanisms driving the neurodegenerative process in glaucoma include ischemia/hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In glaucoma, like as other neurodegenerative disorders, the immune system is involved and immunoregulation is conducted mainly by glial cells, microglia, astrocytes, and Müller cells. The increase in IOP produces the activation of glial cells in the retinal tissue. Chronic activation of glial cells in glaucoma may provoke a proinflammatory state at the retinal level inducing blood retinal barrier disruption and RGCs death. The modulation of the immune response in glaucoma as well as the activation of glial cells constitute an interesting new approach in the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Fernández-Albarral
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Ramírez
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa de Hoz
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Matamoros
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Salobrar-García
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Elvira-Hurtado
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés López-Cuenca
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Sánchez-Puebla
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Salazar
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Ramírez
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Ladero M, Reche-Sainz JA, Gallardo ME. Hereditary Optic Neuropathies: A Systematic Review on the Interplay between Biomaterials and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:52. [PMID: 38247929 PMCID: PMC10813088 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary optic neuropathies (HONs) such as dominant optic atrophy (DOA) and Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) are mitochondrial diseases characterized by a degenerative loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and are a cause of blindness worldwide. To date, there are only limited disease-modifying treatments for these disorders. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has opened several promising opportunities in the field of HON research and the search for therapeutic approaches. This systematic review is focused on the two most frequent HONs (LHON and DOA) and on the recent studies related to the application of human iPSC technology in combination with biomaterials technology for their potential use in the development of RGC replacement therapies with the final aim of the improvement or even the restoration of the vision of HON patients. To this purpose, the combination of natural and synthetic biomaterials modified with peptides, neurotrophic factors, and other low- to medium-molecular weight compounds, mimicking the ocular extracellular matrices, with human iPSC or iPSC-derived cell retinal progenitors holds enormous potential to be exploited in the near future for the generation of transplantable RGC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ladero
- FQPIMA Group, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department, Chemical Sciences School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Alberto Reche-Sainz
- Ophthalmology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Research with iPS Cells Group, Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre, imas12, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Esther Gallardo
- Translational Research with iPS Cells Group, Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre, imas12, 28041 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Amankwa CE, Kodati B, Donkor N, Acharya S. Therapeutic Potential of Antioxidants and Hybrid TEMPOL Derivatives in Ocular Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Glimpse into the Future. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2959. [PMID: 38001960 PMCID: PMC10669210 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species play a significant role in the pathogenesis of various ocular neurodegenerative diseases especially glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and ocular ischemic stroke. Increased oxidative stress and the accumulation of ROS have been implicated in the progression of these diseases. As a result, there has been growing interest in exploring potential therapeutic and prophylactic strategies involving exogenous antioxidants. In recent years, there have been significant advancements in the development of synthetic therapeutic antioxidants for targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurodegenerative diseases. One area of focus has been the development of hybrid TEMPOL derivatives. In the context of ocular diseases, the application of next-generation hybrid TEMPOL antioxidants may offer new avenues for neuroprotection. By targeting ROS and reducing oxidative stress in the retina and optic nerve, these compounds have the potential to preserve retinal ganglion cells and trabecular meshwork and protect against optic nerve damage, mitigating irreversible blindness associated with these diseases. This review seeks to highlight the potential impact of hybrid TEMPOL antioxidants and their derivatives on ocular neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Amankwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (B.K.); (N.D.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Bindu Kodati
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (B.K.); (N.D.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Nina Donkor
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (B.K.); (N.D.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Suchismita Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (B.K.); (N.D.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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10
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Wood EH, Kreymerman A, Kowal T, Buickians D, Sun Y, Muscat S, Mercola M, Moshfeghi DM, Goldberg JL. Cellular and subcellular optogenetic approaches towards neuroprotection and vision restoration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101153. [PMID: 36503723 PMCID: PMC10247900 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetics is defined as the combination of genetic and optical methods to induce or inhibit well-defined events in isolated cells, tissues, or animals. While optogenetics within ophthalmology has been primarily applied towards treating inherited retinal disease, there are a myriad of other applications that hold great promise for a variety of eye diseases including cellular regeneration, modulation of mitochondria and metabolism, regulation of intraocular pressure, and pain control. Supported by primary data from the authors' work with in vitro and in vivo applications, we introduce a novel approach to metabolic regulation, Opsins to Restore Cellular ATP (ORCA). We review the fundamental constructs for ophthalmic optogenetics, present current therapeutic approaches and clinical trials, and discuss the future of subcellular and signaling pathway applications for neuroprotection and vision restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward H Wood
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Kreymerman
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Tia Kowal
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - David Buickians
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Muscat
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Darius M Moshfeghi
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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11
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Stavropoulos D, Grewal MK, Petriti B, Chau KY, Hammond CJ, Garway-Heath DF, Lascaratos G. The Role of Mitophagy in Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration. Cells 2023; 12:1969. [PMID: 37566048 PMCID: PMC10417839 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide a better understanding of the emerging role of mitophagy in glaucomatous neurodegeneration, which is the primary cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Increasing evidence from genetic and other experimental studies suggests that mitophagy-related genes are implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma in various populations. The association between polymorphisms in these genes and increased risk of glaucoma is presented. Reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma, while clinical trials highlight the inadequacy of IOP-lowering therapeutic approaches to prevent sight loss in many glaucoma patients. Mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to increase the susceptibility of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to other risk factors and is implicated in glaucomatous degeneration. Mitophagy holds a vital role in mitochondrial quality control processes, and the current review explores the mitophagy-related pathways which may be linked to glaucoma and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Stavropoulos
- Department of Ophthalmology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK;
- Department of Ophthalmology, 417 Veterans Army Hospital (NIMTS), 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Manjot K. Grewal
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Division of Optometry and Visual Science, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Bledi Petriti
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Department of Clinical & Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queens Square Institute of Neurology, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Kai-Yin Chau
- Department of Clinical & Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queens Square Institute of Neurology, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Christopher J. Hammond
- Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - David F. Garway-Heath
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Gerassimos Lascaratos
- Department of Ophthalmology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK;
- Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
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12
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Amankwa CE, Young O, DebNath B, Gondi SR, Rangan R, Ellis DZ, Zode G, Stankowska DL, Acharya S. Modulation of Mitochondrial Metabolic Parameters and Antioxidant Enzymes in Healthy and Glaucomatous Trabecular Meshwork Cells with Hybrid Small Molecule SA-2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11557. [PMID: 37511316 PMCID: PMC10380487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS)-induced mitochondrial damage is a risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Mitochondria-targeted novel antioxidant therapies could unearth promising drug candidates for the management of POAG. Previously, our dual-acting hybrid molecule SA-2 with nitric oxide-donating and antioxidant activity reduced intraocular pressure and improved aqueous humor outflow in rodent eyes. Here, we examined the mechanistic role of SA-2 in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells in vitro and measured the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes during OS. Primary human TM cells isolated from normal (hNTM) or glaucomatous (hGTM) post-mortem donors and transformed glaucomatous TM cells (GTM-3) were used for in vitro assays. We examined the effect of SA-2 on oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in vitro using Seahorse Analyzer with or without the oxidant, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) treatment. Concentrations of total antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured. We observed significant protection of both hNTM and hGTM cells from TBHP-induced cell death by SA-2. Antioxidant enzymes were elevated in SA-2-treated cells compared to TBHP-treated cells. In addition, SA-2 demonstrated an increase in mitochondrial metabolic parameters. Altogether, SA-2 protected both normal and glaucomatous TM cells from OS via increasing mitochondrial energy parameters and the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Amankwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Olivia Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Biddut DebNath
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Sudershan R. Gondi
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Rajiv Rangan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Dorette Z. Ellis
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Gulab Zode
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Dorota L. Stankowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Suchismita Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (O.Y.); (B.D.); (S.R.G.); (R.R.)
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
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13
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Zeleznik OA, Kang JH, Lasky-Su J, Eliassen AH, Frueh L, Clish CB, Rosner BA, Elze T, Hysi P, Khawaja A, Wiggs JL, Pasquale LR. Plasma metabolite profile for primary open-angle glaucoma in three US cohorts and the UK Biobank. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2860. [PMID: 37208353 PMCID: PMC10199010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38466-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common form, and yet the etiology of this multifactorial disease is poorly understood. We aimed to identify plasma metabolites associated with the risk of developing POAG in a case-control study (599 cases and 599 matched controls) nested within the Nurses' Health Studies, and Health Professionals' Follow-Up Study. Plasma metabolites were measured with LC-MS/MS at the Broad Institute (Cambridge, MA, USA); 369 metabolites from 18 metabolite classes passed quality control analyses. For comparison, in a cross-sectional study in the UK Biobank, 168 metabolites were measured in plasma samples from 2,238 prevalent glaucoma cases and 44,723 controls using NMR spectroscopy (Nightingale, Finland; version 2020). Here we show higher levels of diglycerides and triglycerides are adversely associated with glaucoma in all four cohorts, suggesting that they play an important role in glaucoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana A Zeleznik
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jae H Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Frueh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Elze
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Research Eye Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pirro Hysi
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anthony Khawaja
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Satriano A, Laganà ML, Licastro E, Nucci C, Bagetta G, Russo R, Adornetto A. Neuroprotective Effect of a Nutritional Supplement Containing Spearmint Extract, Forskolin, Homotaurine and Group B Vitamins in a Mouse Model of Transient Ocular Hypertension. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051478. [PMID: 37239149 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the most common sight-threatening eye disorders and one of the main causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. The current therapies focusing on reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) are often insufficient to prevent the progression of the disease, so the therapeutic management of glaucoma remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective, IOP-lowering independent effects of a nutritional supplement containing forskolin, homotaurine, spearmint extract and vitamins of the B group in a model of acute glaucoma developed in mice. Glaucoma was induced in adult wild-type C57BL/6J mice by transient elevation of IOP. The dietary supplement, branded as Gangliomix® (125 mg/kg/day), was administered by oral gavage for 17 days and ocular hypertension was induced on the 10th day of treatment. A histological analysis of the retinas was performed and RGC survival was evaluated with fluorogold labeling and Brn3a immunostaining on wholemount and retinal sections. Expression of alpha-spectrin, caspase-3, PARP-1 and GFAP was studied with western blotting or immunofluorescence. A significant increase in RGC survival was reported in the retina of mice treated with the dietary supplement as compared to vehicle-treated animals. The observed neuroprotection was associated with a calpain activity decrease, reduction in caspase-3 and PARP-1 activation, and prevention of GFAP upregulation. These effects were independent from the hypotensive effects of the supplement. Altogether, our data suggest that the dietary supplementation with forskolin, homotaurine, spearmint extract and vitamins of the B group supports RGC survival and may offer beneficial effects in glaucoma patients in combination with the currently used IOP-lowering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Satriano
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Glaucoma Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Laganà
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Glaucoma Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Ester Licastro
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Glaucoma Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Carlo Nucci
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Glaucoma Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Rossella Russo
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Glaucoma Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Annagrazia Adornetto
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Glaucoma Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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15
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Miao Y, Zhao GL, Cheng S, Wang Z, Yang XL. Activation of retinal glial cells contributes to the degeneration of ganglion cells in experimental glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 93:101169. [PMID: 36736070 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for neurodegeneration in glaucoma. Glial cells, which play an important role in normal functioning of retinal neurons, are well involved into retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration in experimental glaucoma animal models generated by elevated IOP. In response to elevated IOP, mGluR I is first activated and Kir4.1 channels are subsequently inhibited, which leads to the activation of Müller cells. Müller cell activation is followed by a complex process, including proliferation, release of inflammatory and growth factors (gliosis). Gliosis is further regulated by several factors. Activated Müller cells contribute to RGC degeneration through generating glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity, releasing cytotoxic factors and inducing microglia activation. Elevated IOP activates microglia, and following morphological and functional changes, these cells, as resident immune cells in the retina, show adaptive immune responses, including an enhanced release of pro-inflammatory factors (tumor neurosis factor-α, interleukins, etc.). These ATP and Toll-like receptor-mediated responses are further regulated by heat shock proteins, CD200R, chemokine receptors, and metabotropic purinergic receptors, may aggravate RGC loss. In the optic nerve head, astrogliosis is initiated and regulated by a complex reaction process, including purines, transmitters, chemokines, growth factors and cytokines, which contributes to RGC axon injury through releasing pro-inflammatory factors and changing extracellular matrix in glaucoma. The effects of activated glial cells on RGCs are further modified by the interplay among different types of glial cells. This review is concluded by presenting an in-depth discussion of possible research directions in this field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guo-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiong-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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16
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Irnaten M, O’Brien CJ. Calcium-Signalling in Human Glaucoma Lamina Cribrosa Myofibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021287. [PMID: 36674805 PMCID: PMC9862249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of treatable visual impairment in the developed world, affecting approximately 64 million people worldwide, some of whom will be bilaterally blind from irreversible optic nerve damage. The optic nerve head is a key site of damage in glaucoma where there is fibrosis of the connective tissue in the lamina cribrosa (LC) extracellular matrix. As a ubiquitous second messenger, calcium (Ca2+) can interact with various cellular proteins to regulate multiple physiological processes and contribute to a wide range of diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, and glaucoma. Our research has shown evidence of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, an elevated expression of Ca2+ entry channels, Ca2+-dependent pumps and exchangers, and an abnormal rise in cytosolic Ca2+ in human glaucomatous LC fibroblast cells. We have evidence that this increase is dependent on Ca2+ entry channels located in the plasma membrane, and its release is from internal stores in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), as well as from the mitochondria. Here, we summarize some of the molecular Ca2+-dependent mechanisms related to this abnormal Ca2+-signalling in human glaucoma LC cells, with a view toward identifying potential therapeutic targets for ongoing optic neuropathy.
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17
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Warwick AM, Bomze HM, Wang L, Klingeborn M, Hao Y, Stinnett SS, Gospe III SM. Continuous Hypoxia Reduces Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Mitochondrial Optic Neuropathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:21. [PMID: 36538003 PMCID: PMC9769749 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.13.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To test whether continuous hypoxia is neuroprotective to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in a mouse model of mitochondrial optic neuropathy. Methods RGC degeneration was assessed in genetically modified mice in which the floxed gene for the complex I subunit NDUFS4 is deleted from RGCs using Vlgut2-driven Cre recombinase. Beginning at postnatal day 25 (P25), Vglut2-Cre;ndufs4loxP/loxP mice and control littermates were housed under hypoxia (11% oxygen) or kept under normoxia (21% oxygen). Survival of RGC somas and axons was assessed at P60 and P90 via histological analysis of retinal flatmounts and optic nerve cross-sections, respectively. Retinal tissue was also assessed for gliosis and neuroinflammation using western blot and immunofluorescence. Results Consistent with our previous characterization of this model, at least one-third of RGCs had degenerated by P60 in Vglut2-Cre;ndufs4loxP/loxP mice remaining under normoxia. However, continuous hypoxia resulted in complete rescue of RGC somas and axons at this time point, with normal axonal myelination observed on electron microscopy. Though only partial, hypoxia-mediated rescue of complex I-deficient RGC somas and axons remained significant at P90. Hypoxia prevented reactive gliosis at P60, but the retinal accumulation of Iba1+ mononuclear phagocytic cells was not substantially reduced. Conclusions Continuous hypoxia achieved dramatic rescue of early RGC degeneration in mice with severe mitochondrial dysfunction. Although complete rescue was not durable to P90, our observations suggest that investigating the mechanisms underlying hypoxia-mediated neuroprotection of RGCs may identify useful therapeutic strategies for optic neuropathies resulting from less profound mitochondrial impairment, such as Leber hereditary optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Warwick
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Howard M. Bomze
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Luyu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Mikael Klingeborn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ying Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Sandra S. Stinnett
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Sidney M. Gospe III
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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18
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Hydrogen sulfide supplement preserves mitochondrial function of retinal ganglion cell in a rat glaucoma model. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:171-185. [PMID: 35593936 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of visual system characterized by gradual loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). Since mitochondrial dysfunction of RGC is significantly involved in the pathological mechanisms of glaucoma, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) takes part in the pathogeny of glaucoma and shows promising potential in restoring mitochondrial function in other neurons, the authors aimed to investigate the impact of H2S on mitochondrial function of RGC with a rat glaucoma model. An established chronic ocular hypertension (COH) rat model induced by injection of cross-linking hydrogel into anterior chamber was adopted, and a H2S donor, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), was selected to treat rats through intraperitoneal injection. After a period of 4 weeks, RGCs were isolated from the subjected rats with an immunopanning method and went through evaluations of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, intracellular Ca2 + level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and cytosolic Cytochrome C distribution. The results showed that the mitochondrial function of RGC in experimental glaucoma was markedly improved by H2S supplement, being presented as stabilization of MMP, alleviation of MPTP opening, improvement of intracellular Ca2+ hemostasis, reduction of ROS accumulation, and inhibition of Cytochrome C release. Our study implicated that preservation of mitochondrial function by H2S probably plays a key role in protecting RGC in the context of glaucomatous neuropathy, and it is worth further deepgoing research to benefit the development of glaucoma treatment.
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19
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Hanyuda A, Rosner BA, Wiggs JL, Willett WC, Tsubota K, Pasquale LR, Kang JH. Prospective study of dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids and the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e760-e769. [PMID: 34240564 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolomic and preclinical studies suggest that branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) may be inversely associated with neurodegenerative diseases including glaucoma. We therefore assessed the long-term association between dietary intake of BCAA and incident primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and POAG subtypes. METHODS We followed biennially participants of the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 65 531 women: 1984-2016), Health Professionals Follow-up Study (42 254 men: 1986-2016) and NHSII (66 904 women; 1991-2017). Eligible participants were 40+ years old and reported eye examinations. Repeated validated food frequency questionnaires were used to assess dietary intake of BCAA. Incident cases of POAG and POAG subtypes defined by visual field (VF) loss and untreated intraocular pressure (IOP) were confirmed by medical record review. Multivariable-adjusted relative risks (MVRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS We identified 1946 incident POAG cases. The pooled MVRRs of POAG for the highest quintile (Q5 = 17.1 g/day) versus lowest quintile (Q1 = 11.2 g/day) of total BCAA intake was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.73-1.19; ptrend = 0.45; pheterogeneity by sex = 0.24). For subtypes of POAG defined by IOP level or POAG with only peripheral VF loss, no associations were observed for men or women (ptrend ≥ 0.20); however, for the POAG subtype with early paracentral VF loss, there was a suggestion of an inverse association in women (MVRRQ5versusQ1 = 0.80 [95% CI, 0.57-1.12; ptrend = 0.12]) but not in men (MVRRQ5versusQ1 = 1.38 [95% CI, 0.81-2.34; ptrend = 0.28; pheterogeneity by sex = 0.06]). CONCLUSION Higher dietary intake of BCAA was not associated with POAG risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hanyuda
- Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Ophthalmology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group Center for Public Health Sciences National Cancer Center Tokyo Japan
| | - Bernard A. Rosner
- Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Janey L. Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology Harvard Medical School Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Louis R. Pasquale
- Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Ophthalmology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Jae H. Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
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20
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Oxidative stress facilitates exogenous mitochondria internalization and survival in retinal ganglion precursor-like cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5122. [PMID: 35332189 PMCID: PMC8948238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular cells are highly dependent on mitochondrial function due to their high demand of energy supply and their constant exposure to oxidative stress. Indeed, mitochondrial dysfunction is highly implicated in various acute, chronic, and genetic disorders of the visual system. It has recently been shown that mitochondrial transplantation (MitoPlant) temporarily protects retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from cell death during ocular ischemia. Here, we characterized MitoPlant dynamics in retinal ganglion precursor-like cells, in steady state and under oxidative stress. We developed a new method for detection of transplanted mitochondria using qPCR, based on a difference in the mtDNA sequence of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse strains. Using this approach, we show internalization of exogenous mitochondria already three hours after transplantation, and a decline in mitochondrial content after twenty four hours. Interestingly, exposure of target cells to moderate oxidative stress prior to MitoPlant dramatically enhanced mitochondrial uptake and extended the survival of mitochondria in recipient cells by more than three fold. Understanding the factors that regulate the exogenous mitochondrial uptake and their survival may promote the application of MitoPlant for treatment of chronic and genetic mitochondrial diseases.
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Wu H, Shui YB, Liu Y, Liu X, Siegfried CJ. Trabecular Meshwork Mitochondrial Function and Oxidative Stress. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2022; 2:100107. [PMID: 36246185 PMCID: PMC9562365 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2021.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Ying-Bo Shui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Carla J. Siegfried
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Correspondence: Carla J. Siegfried, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8096, St. Louis, MO 63110.
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22
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Cáceres-Vélez PR, Hui F, Hercus J, Bui B, Jusuf PR. Restoring the oxidative balance in age-related diseases - An approach in glaucoma. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 75:101572. [PMID: 35065274 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As human life expectancy increases, age-related health issues including neurodegenerative diseases continue to rise. Regardless of genetic or environmental factors, many neurodegenerative conditions share common pathological mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, a hallmark of many age-related health burdens. In this review, we describe oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucoma, an age-related neurodegenerative eye disease affecting 80 million people worldwide. We consider therapeutic approaches used to counteract oxidative stress in glaucoma, including untapped treatment options such as novel plant-derived antioxidant compounds that can reduce oxidative stress and prevent neuronal loss. We summarize the current pre-clinical models and clinical work exploring the therapeutic potential of a range of candidate plant-derived antioxidant compounds. Finally, we explore advances in drug delivery systems, particular those employing nanotechnology-based carriers which hold significant promise as a carrier for antioxidants to treat age-related disease, thus reviewing the key current state of all of the aspects required towards translation.
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Zhu Q, Chen C, Yao J. Kearns–Sayre syndrome with a novel large-scale deletion: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:35. [PMID: 35073857 PMCID: PMC8785533 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kearns–Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a rare, multisystem mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. We report a case of KSS with a novel 7.6-kb deletion as assessed through a long-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) study in the blood. In addition, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) confirmed deep retinal capillary atrophy for the first time. Case presentation A 13-year-old patient presented with progressive vision loss and difficulty with eye opening and was diagnosed with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The patient also experienced heart block, vestibular dysfunction, growth retardation and multiple demyelinating lesions. A long-range PCR study in the blood revealed a large-scale Chrm: 6341–13,993 deletion, which was first reported and broadened the genetic spectrum of this disease. The patient underwent complete ophthalmic examination, medical history review and gene detection, resulting in a confirmation of the diagnosis of KSS. The patient was given a pair of applicable glasses to wear and was followed up every 3 months. An implantable pacemaker was also installed based on the advice of the physician. Conclusions We reported a novel large-scale deletion in the mitochondrial DNA of KSS, and OCTA was used for the first time to confirm deep retinal capillary atrophy. Furthermore, because ophthalmic symptoms are often the primary manifestation of KSS, the relationship between ophthalmology and mitochondrial diseases should be emphasised.
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Marchesi N, Fahmideh F, Boschi F, Pascale A, Barbieri A. Ocular Neurodegenerative Diseases: Interconnection between Retina and Cortical Areas. Cells 2021; 10:2394. [PMID: 34572041 PMCID: PMC8469605 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The possible interconnection between the eye and central nervous system (CNS) has been a topic of discussion for several years just based on fact that the eye is properly considered an extension of the brain. Both organs consist of neurons and derived from a neural tube. The visual process involves photoreceptors that receive light stimulus from the external environment and send it to retinal ganglionic cells (RGC), one of the cell types of which the retina is composed. The retina, the internal visual membrane of the eye, processes the visual stimuli in electric stimuli to transfer it to the brain, through the optic nerve. Retinal chronic progressive neurodegeneration, which may occur among the elderly, can lead to different disorders of the eye such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Mainly in the elderly population, but also among younger people, such ocular pathologies are the cause of irreversible blindness or impaired, reduced vision. Typical neurodegenerative diseases of the CSN are a group of pathologies with common characteristics and etiology not fully understood; some risk factors have been identified, but they are not enough to justify all the cases observed. Furthermore, several studies have shown that also ocular disorders present characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases and, on the other hand, CNS pathologies, i.e., Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD), which are causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, show peculiar alterations at the ocular level. The knowledge of possible correlations could help to understand the mechanisms of onset. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms of these heterogeneous disorders are still debated. This review discusses the characteristics of the ocular illnesses, focusing on the relationship between the eye and the brain. A better comprehension could help in future new therapies, thus reducing or avoiding loss of vision and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Annalisa Barbieri
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (N.M.); (F.F.); (F.B.); (A.P.)
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Hurley DJ, Irnaten M, O’Brien C. Metformin and Glaucoma-Review of Anti-Fibrotic Processes and Bioenergetics. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082131. [PMID: 34440899 PMCID: PMC8394782 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. With an aging population, disease incidence will rise with an enormous societal and economic burden. The treatment strategy revolves around targeting intraocular pressure, the principle modifiable risk factor, to slow progression of disease. However, there is a clear unmet clinical need to find a novel therapeutic approach that targets and halts the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration that occurs with fibrosis. RGCs are highly sensitive to metabolic fluctuations as a result of multiple stressors and thus their viability depends on healthy mitochondrial functioning. Metformin, known for its use in type 2 diabetes, has come to the forefront of medical research in multiple organ systems. Its use was recently associated with a 25% reduced risk of glaucoma in a large population study. Here, we discuss its application to glaucoma therapy, highlighting its effect on fibrotic signalling pathways, mitochondrial bioenergetics and NAD oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daire J. Hurley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland; (M.I.); (C.O.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | - Mustapha Irnaten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland; (M.I.); (C.O.)
| | - Colm O’Brien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland; (M.I.); (C.O.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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26
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Jassim AH, Inman DM, Mitchell CH. Crosstalk Between Dysfunctional Mitochondria and Inflammation in Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:699623. [PMID: 34366851 PMCID: PMC8334009 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.699623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive inflammatory responses are both sufficient to induce pathology in age-dependent neurodegenerations. However, emerging evidence indicates crosstalk between damaged mitochondrial and inflammatory signaling can exacerbate issues in chronic neurodegenerations. This review discusses evidence for the interaction between mitochondrial damage and inflammation, with a focus on glaucomatous neurodegeneration, and proposes that positive feedback resulting from this crosstalk drives pathology. Mitochondrial dysfunction exacerbates inflammatory signaling in multiple ways. Damaged mitochondrial DNA is a damage-associated molecular pattern, which activates the NLRP3 inflammasome; priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the resulting liberation of IL-1β and IL-18 via the gasdermin D pore, is a major pathway to enhance inflammatory responses. The rise in reactive oxygen species induced by mitochondrial damage also activates inflammatory pathways, while blockage of Complex enzymes is sufficient to increase inflammatory signaling. Impaired mitophagy contributes to inflammation as the inability to turnover mitochondria in a timely manner increases levels of ROS and damaged mtDNA, with the latter likely to stimulate the cGAS-STING pathway to increase interferon signaling. Mitochondrial associated ER membrane contacts and the mitochondria-associated adaptor molecule MAVS can activate NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. In addition to dysfunctional mitochondria increasing inflammation, the corollary also occurs, with inflammation reducing mitochondrial function and ATP production; the resulting downward spiral accelerates degeneration. Evidence from several preclinical models including the DBA/2J mouse, microbead injection and transient elevation of IOP, in addition to patient data, implicates both mitochondrial damage and inflammation in glaucomatous neurodegeneration. The pressure-dependent hypoxia and the resulting metabolic vulnerability is associated with mitochondrial damage and IL-1β release. Links between mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation can occur in retinal ganglion cells, microglia cells and astrocytes. In summary, crosstalk between damaged mitochondria and increased inflammatory signaling enhances pathology in glaucomatous neurodegeneration, with implications for other complex age-dependent neurodegenerations like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assraa Hassan Jassim
- Department of Basic and Translational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Denise M. Inman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Claire H. Mitchell
- Department of Basic and Translational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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27
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Liu X, Liu X, Wang Y, Sun H, Guo Z, Tang X, Li J, Xiao X, Zheng S, Yu M, He C, Xu J, Sun W. Proteome Characterization of Glaucoma Aqueous Humor. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100117. [PMID: 34214668 PMCID: PMC8367844 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The proteome characterization of glaucoma is not clearly understood. A total of 175 subjects, including 57 primary acute angle-closure glaucoma (PAACG), 50 primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma (PCACG), 35 neovascular glaucoma (NVG), and 33 cataract patients, were enrolled and comparison proteomic analysis was provided. The samples were randomly divided into discovery group or validation group, whose aqueous humor proteome was analyzed by data-independent acquisition or by parallel reaction monitoring. The common proteome features of three types of glaucoma were immune response, lipid metabolism, and cell death. Three proteins, VTN, SERPIND1, and CD14, showed significant upregulation in glaucoma and could discriminate glaucoma from cataract. Mutual differential proteomic analysis of PAACG, PCACG, and NVG showed different proteome characterization of the three types of glaucoma. NVG was characterized with activated angiogenesis. PAACG was characterized with activation of inflammation response. SERPIND1 was discovered to play vital role in glaucoma occurrences, which is associated with eye transparency decrease and glucose metabolism. This study would provide insights in understanding proteome characterization of glaucoma and benefit the clinical application of AH proteome. Aqueous humor proteome of different glaucoma (PACG, NVG) was profiled. Potential protein biomarkers for glaucoma were proposed. Potential mechanism of glaucoma was described. SERPIND1 was discovered to have potential value for glaucoma diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Proteomics Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Proteomics Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Application Support Center, Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haidan Sun
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Proteomics Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengguang Guo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Proteomics Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Tang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolian Xiao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxin Zheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxi Yu
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chengyan He
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiyu Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Proteomics Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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28
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Hubens WHG, Krauskopf J, Beckers HJM, Kleinjans JCS, Webers CAB, Gorgels TGMF. Small RNA Sequencing of Aqueous Humor and Plasma in Patients With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:24. [PMID: 34156425 PMCID: PMC8237107 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.7.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Identify differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in aqueous humor (AH) and blood of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients by using small RNA sequencing. These may provide insight into POAG pathophysiology or serve as diagnostic biomarker. Methods AH and plasma of nine POAG patients and 10 cataract control patients were small RNA sequenced on Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Identification of gene transcripts targeted by differentially expressed miRNAs was done with miRWalk and MirPath. These targets were used for pathway analysis and Gene Ontology enrichment. Diagnostic potential was evaluated by receiver operating characteristics analysis. Results We identified 715 miRNAs in plasma and 62 miRNAs in AH. Plasma miRNA profile did not differ between POAG and control. In contrast, in AH, seven miRNAs were differentially expressed. Hsa-miR-30a-3p, hsa-miR-143-3p, hsa-miR-211-5p, and hsa-miR-221-3p were upregulated, whereas hsa-miR-92a-3p, hsa-miR-451a, and hsa-miR-486-5p were downregulated in POAG. Compared to previous studies, hsa-mir-143-3p, hsa-miR-211-5p, and hsa-miR-221-3p were reported previously, strengthening their involvement in POAG whereas hsa-miR-30a-3p, hsa-miR-92a-3p, and hsa-miR-486-5p are implicated in POAG for the first time. Identified gene transcripts were involved in several pathways, some implicated in glaucoma before (e.g., TGF-β and neurotrophin signaling), whereas others are new (e.g., prolactin and apelin signaling). In respect to diagnostics, AH concentration of hsa-mir-143-3p had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.889. Combined with hsa-miR-221-3p, AUC improved to 0.96. Conclusions Small RNA sequencing identified seven differentially expressed miRNAs in AH of POAG patients. The differentially expressed miRNAs may be useful as POAG biomarkers or could become targets for new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter H G Hubens
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Julian Krauskopf
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henny J M Beckers
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carroll A B Webers
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo G M F Gorgels
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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29
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Lem DW, Gierhart DL, Davey PG. Carotenoids in the Management of Glaucoma: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. Nutrients 2021; 13:1949. [PMID: 34204051 PMCID: PMC8228567 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) remains a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. Recent evidence further substantiates sustained oxidative stress, and compromised antioxidant defenses are key drivers in the onset of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Overwhelming oxidative injury is likely attributed to compounding mitochondrial dysfunction that worsens with age-related processes, causing aberrant formation of free radical species. Thus, a compromised systemic antioxidant capacity exacerbates further oxidative insult in glaucoma, leading to apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and subsequent tissue injury. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the neuroprotective benefits of the macular carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin on glaucomatous neurodegeneration for the purpose of adjunctive nutraceutical treatment in glaucoma. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) and 20 records were identified for screening. Lutein demonstrated enhanced neuroprotection on retinal ganglion cell survival and preserved synaptic activity. In clinical studies, a protective trend was seen with greater dietary consumption of carotenoids and risk of glaucoma, while greater carotenoid levels in macular pigment were largely associated with improved visual performance in glaucomatous eyes. The data suggest that carotenoid vitamin therapy exerts synergic neuroprotective benefits and has the capacity to serve adjunctive therapy in the management of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drake W. Lem
- College of Optometry, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E Second St, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | | | - Pinakin Gunvant Davey
- College of Optometry, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E Second St, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
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30
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Kamel K, O'Brien CJ, Zhdanov AV, Papkovsky DB, Clark AF, Stamer WD, Irnaten M. Reduced Oxidative Phosphorylation and Increased Glycolysis in Human Glaucoma Lamina Cribrosa Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:4. [PMID: 33137197 PMCID: PMC7645202 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.13.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The lamina cribrosa (LC) is a key site of damage in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. We previously found that glaucoma LC cells have an increased profibrotic gene expression, with mitochondrial dysfunction in the form of decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Altered cell bioenergetics have recently been reported in organ fibrosis and in cancer. In this study, we carried out a systematic mitochondrial bioenergetic assessment and measured markers of alternative sources of cellular energy in normal and glaucoma LC cells. Methods LC cells from three glaucoma donors and three age-matched normal controls were assessed using VICTOR X4 Perkin Elmer (Waltham, MA) plate reader with different phosphorescent and luminescent probes. adenosine triphosphate levels, oxygen consumption rate, and extracellular acidification were measured and normalized to total protein content. RNA and protein expression levels of MCT1, MCT4, MTFHD2, and GLS2 were quantified using real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results Glaucoma LC cells contain significantly less adenosine triphosphate (P < .05) when supplied with either glucose or galactose. They also showed significantly diminished oxygen consumption in both basal and maximal respiration with more lactic acid contribution in ECA. Both mRNA and protein expression levels of MCT1, MCT4, MTHFD2, and GLS2 were significantly increased in glaucoma LC cells. Conclusions We demonstrate evidence of metabolic reprogramming (The Warburg effect) in glaucoma LC cells. Expression of markers of glycolysis, glutamine, and one carbon metabolism are elevated in glaucoma cells at both the mRNA and protein levels. A better understanding of bioenergetics in glaucoma may help in the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Kamel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm J O'Brien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexander V Zhdanov
- School of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dmitri B Papkovsky
- School of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Abbot F Clark
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience and the North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas, Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Mustapha Irnaten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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31
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Feng Y, Prokosch V, Liu H. Current Perspective of Hydrogen Sulfide as a Novel Gaseous Modulator of Oxidative Stress in Glaucoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050671. [PMID: 33925849 PMCID: PMC8146617 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of diseases characterized by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the main clinical manifestation of glaucoma. Despite being in the focus of the studies for decades, the characteristic and the exact pathology of neurodegeneration in glaucoma remains unclear. Oxidative stress is believed to be one of the main risk factors in neurodegeneration, especially its damage to the retinal ganglion cells. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the recently recognized gas signaling molecule, plays a pivotal role in the nervous system, vascular system, and immune system. It has also shown properties in regulating oxidative stress through different pathways in vivo. In this review, we summarize the distribution and the properties of H2S within the eye with an emphasis on its role in modulating oxidative stress in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hanhan Liu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-221-478-96996
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32
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Wiggs JL. DNAJC30 biallelic mutations extend mitochondrial complex I-deficient phenotypes to include recessive Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:147734. [PMID: 33720041 DOI: 10.1172/jci147734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is the most common mitochondrial disease and in most cases is caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA-encoded (mtDNA-encoded) respiratory complex I subunit ND1, ND4, or ND6. In this issue of the JCI, Stenton et al. describe biallelic mutations in a nuclear DNA-encoded gene, DNAJC30, establishing recessively inherited LHON (arLHON). Functional studies suggest that DNAJC30 is a protein chaperone required for exchange of damaged complex I subunits. Hallmark mtDNA LHON features were also found in arLHON, including incomplete penetrance, male predominance, and positive response to idebenone therapy. These results extend complex I-deficient phenotypes to include recessively inherited optic neuropathy, with important clinical implications for genetic counseling and therapeutic considerations.
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Quaranta L, Bruttini C, Micheletti E, Konstas AGP, Michelessi M, Oddone F, Katsanos A, Sbardella D, De Angelis G, Riva I. Glaucoma and neuroinflammation: An overview. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 66:693-713. [PMID: 33582161 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by well-defined optic disc morphological changes (i.e., cup enlargement, neuroretinal border thinning, and notching, papillary vessel modifications) consequent to retinal ganglion cell loss, axonal degeneration, and lamina cribrosa remodeling. These modifications tend to be progressive and are the main cause of functional damage in glaucoma. Despite the latest findings about the pathophysiology of the disease, the exact trigger mechanisms and the mechanism of degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons have not been completely elucidated. Neuroinflammation may play a role in both the development and the progression of the disease as a result of its effects on retinal environment and retinal ganglion cells. We summarize the latest findings about neuroinflammation in glaucoma and examine the connection between risk factors, neuroinflammation, and retinal ganglion cell degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Quaranta
- Department of Surgical & Clinical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Pavia - IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bruttini
- Department of Surgical & Clinical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Pavia - IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Micheletti
- Department of Surgical & Clinical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Pavia - IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anastasios G P Konstas
- 1st and 3rd University Departments of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Andreas Katsanos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Giovanni De Angelis
- Department of Surgical & Clinical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Pavia - IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Clementi ME, Maulucci G, Bianchetti G, Pizzoferrato M, Sampaolese B, Tringali G. Cytoprotective Effects of Punicalagin on Hydrogen-Peroxide-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020192. [PMID: 33572785 PMCID: PMC7911437 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a densely pigmented, monostratified epithelium that provides metabolic and functional support to the outer segments of photoreceptors. Endogenous or exogenous oxidative stimuli determine a switch from physiological to pathological conditions, characterized by an increase of intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulating evidence has elucidated that punicalagin (PUN), the major ellagitannin in pomegranate, is a potent antioxidant in several cell types. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of PUN on mitochondrial dysfunction associated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. For this purpose, we used a human RPE cell line (ARPE-19) exposed to H2O2 for 24 h. The effects of PUN pre-treatment (24 h) were examined on cell viability, mitochondrial ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, and respiratory chain complexes, then finally on caspase-3 enzymatic activity. The results showed that supplementation with PUN: (a) significantly increased cell viability; (b) kept the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) at healthy levels and limited ROS production; (c) preserved the activity of respiratory complexes; (d) reduced caspase-3 activity. In conclusion, due to its activity in helping mitochondrial functions, reducing oxidative stress, and subsequent induction of cellular apoptosis, PUN might be considered a useful nutraceutical agent in the treatment of oxidation-associated disorders of RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisabetta Clementi
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (G.T.); Tel.: +39-063-015-4215 (M.E.C.); +39-063-015-4367 (G.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Biophysics Section, Neuroscience Department, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.B.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giada Bianchetti
- Biophysics Section, Neuroscience Department, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.B.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michela Pizzoferrato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Sampaolese
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Tringali
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (G.T.); Tel.: +39-063-015-4215 (M.E.C.); +39-063-015-4367 (G.T.)
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Zhang Y, Wu N, Li Q, Hu X, Wang L, Sun JG, Wang Z, Sun XH. Neuroprotective effect of the somatostatin receptor 5 agonist L-817,818 on retinal ganglion cells in experimental glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2021; 204:108449. [PMID: 33465395 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Somatostatin plays important roles in modulating neuronal functions by activating the five specific G-protein coupled receptors (sst1-sst5). Previous studies have demonstrated that sst5 were expressed in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and sst5 agonist attenuated the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid-induced retinal neurotoxicity. In this study, we investigated effects and underlying mechanisms of the sst5 agonist L-817,818 on RGC injury induced by elevated intraocular pressure (COH) in experimental glaucoma. Our results showed that intraperitoneal administration of L-817,818 significantly reduced RGC loss and decreased the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive RGCs in COH retinas, suggesting that L-817,818 may attenuate RGC apoptosis. Consistently, in COH retinas with L-817,818 administration, both the down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and the up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of pro-apoptotic Bax were partially reversed. L-817,818 administration downregulated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins caspase-9 and caspase-3 in COH retinas. In addition, L-817,818 administration reduced the concentrations of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species and malondialdehyde, and ameliorated the functions of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex (MRCC). Our results imply that administration of the sst5 agonist L-817,818 reduces RGC loss in COH rats through decreasing RGC apoptosis, which is mediated by regulating Bcl-2/Bax balance, reducing oxidative stress and rescuing activities of MRCC. Activation of sst5 may provide neuroprotective roles for RGCs in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Wu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Guo Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xing-Huai Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Crigna AT, Samec M, Koklesova L, Liskova A, Giordano FA, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O. Cell-free nucleic acid patterns in disease prediction and monitoring-hype or hope? EPMA J 2020; 11:603-627. [PMID: 33144898 PMCID: PMC7594983 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the use of cell-free nucleic acids (CFNAs) as clinical non-invasive biomarker panels for prediction and prevention of multiple diseases has greatly increased over the last decade. Indeed, circulating CFNAs are attributable to many physiological and pathological processes such as imbalanced stress conditions, physical activities, extensive apoptosis of different origin, systemic hypoxic-ischemic events and tumour progression, amongst others. This article highlights the involvement of circulating CFNAs in local and systemic processes dealing with the question, whether specific patterns of CFNAs in blood, their detection, quantity and quality (such as their methylation status) might be instrumental to predict a disease development/progression and could be further utilised for accompanying diagnostics, targeted prevention, creation of individualised therapy algorithms, therapy monitoring and prognosis. Presented considerations conform with principles of 3P medicine and serve for improving individual outcomes and cost efficacy of medical services provided to the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Torres Crigna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive, Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Evaluation of silent information regulator T (SIRT) 1 and Forkhead Box O (FOXO) transcription factor 1 and 3a genes in glaucoma. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9337-9344. [PMID: 33200312 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-detoxifying biomarkers may elucidate the mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucoma pathogenesis. Therefore, we purposed to investigate the effects of ROS-detoxifying molecules including Silent Information Regulator T1 (SIRT1) and Forkhead Box O 1 (FOXO1) and 3a (FOXO3a) transcription factors in patients with glaucoma. Our analyses included 20 eyes from patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 20 eyes from patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) who were scheduled for trabeculectomy. After extraction of total RNA from trabecular meshwork tissue, we compared the levels of SIRT1, FOXO1and FOXO3a genes in the oxidative pathway with the level of glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), the reference gene, using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Relative gene expression was calculated using the threshold cycle (2-ΔΔCT) method. We observed similarly reduced expression levels of SIRT1, FOXO1, and FOXO3a genes versus GAPDH among patient groups (p = 0.40; p = 0.56; p = 0.35, respectively). This is the first study to identify the role of SIRT1 and FOXOs in human TM with glaucoma. Relative expression levels of SIRT1, FOXO1, and FOXO3a genes versus a control gene (GAPDH) were decreased in POAG and PXG groups. Our results show that SIRT1and FOXOs (1-3a) deserve special attention in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
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Natural Products: Evidence for Neuroprotection to Be Exploited in Glaucoma. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103158. [PMID: 33081127 PMCID: PMC7602834 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, is an optic neuropathy characterized by the progressive death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is recognized as the main risk factor. Despite effective IOP-lowering therapies, the disease progresses in a significant number of patients. Therefore, alternative IOP-independent strategies aiming at halting or delaying RGC degeneration is the current therapeutic challenge for glaucoma management. Here, we review the literature on the neuroprotective activities, and the underlying mechanisms, of natural compounds and dietary supplements in experimental and clinical glaucoma.
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Edwards G, Lee Y, Kim M, Bhanvadia S, Kim KY, Ju WK. Effect of Ubiquinol on Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration and Oxidative Stress: Studies for Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival and/or Visual Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E952. [PMID: 33023026 PMCID: PMC7599950 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of major causal factors in glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Ubiquinol promotes retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival against glaucomatous insults such as oxidative stress. Here we investigated the effect of ubiquinol on RGC survival and/or visual function in mouse models of glaucoma and oxidative stress. DBA/2J and age-matched DBA/2J-Gpnmb+ (D2-Gpnmb+), which do not develop intraocular pressure elevation, or C57BL/6J mice were fed with ubiquinol (1%) or control diet daily for 5 or 2 months. We assessed RGC survival by Brn3a immunohistochemistry and measured expression levels of active and total BAX, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α, transcription factor A (TFAM) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex protein. Following induction of oxidative stress by paraquat injection, we also assessed visual function. In glaucomatous retina, ubiquinol supplementation significantly promoted RGC survival, blocked BAX activation and increased TFAM and OXPHOS complex II protein expression. Also, ubiquinol supplementation ameliorated oxidative stress-induced visual dysfunction. These findings indicate that ubiquinol promotes RGC survival by increasing TFAM expression and OXPHOS complex II activity in glaucomatous neurodegeneration, and that ubiquinol enhances RGC survival and preserves visual function against oxidative stress. We propose that ubiquinol has a therapeutic potential for treating oxidative stress-associated glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genea Edwards
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA; (G.E.); (Y.L.); (M.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Yonghoon Lee
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA; (G.E.); (Y.L.); (M.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Martha Kim
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA; (G.E.); (Y.L.); (M.K.); (S.B.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Korea
| | - Soham Bhanvadia
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA; (G.E.); (Y.L.); (M.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA;
| | - Won-Kyu Ju
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA; (G.E.); (Y.L.); (M.K.); (S.B.)
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Progressive optic atrophy in a retinal ganglion cell-specific mouse model of complex I deficiency. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16326. [PMID: 33004958 PMCID: PMC7529752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic atrophy resulting from retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration is a prominent ocular manifestation of mitochondrial dysfunction. Although transgenic mice lacking the mitochondrial complex I accessory subunit NDUFS4 develop early-onset optic atrophy, severe systemic mitochondrial dysfunction leads to very early death and makes this mouse line impractical for studying the pathobiology of mitochondrial optic neuropathies. Theoretically, RGC-specific inactivation of ndufs4 would allow characterization of RGC degeneration over a longer time course, provided that RGC death from mitochondrial dysfunction is a cell-autonomous process. We demonstrate that the vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT2 may be exploited to drive robust Cre recombinase expression in RGCs without any expression observed in directly neighboring retinal cell types. Deletion of ndufs4 in RGCs resulted in reduced expression of NDUFS4 protein within the optic nerves of Vglut2-Cre;ndufs4loxP/loxP mice. RGC degeneration in Vglut2-Cre;ndufs4loxP/loxP retinas commenced around postnatal day 45 (P45) and progressed to loss of two-thirds of RGCs by P90, confirming that intrinsic complex I dysfunction is sufficient to induce RGC death. The rapidly-developing optic atrophy makes the Vglut2-Cre;ndufs4loxP/loxP mouse line a promising preclinical model for testing therapies for currently untreatable mitochondrial optic neuropathies such as Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy.
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Cimaglia G, Votruba M, Morgan JE, André H, Williams PA. Potential Therapeutic Benefit of NAD + Supplementation for Glaucoma and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092871. [PMID: 32961812 PMCID: PMC7551676 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration are leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide with significant health and societal burdens. To date, no clinical cures are available and treatments target only the manageable symptoms and risk factors (but do not remediate the underlying pathology of the disease). Both diseases are neurodegenerative in their pathology of the retina and as such many of the events that trigger cell dysfunction, degeneration, and eventual loss are due to mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Here, we critically review how a decreased bioavailability of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD; a crucial metabolite in healthy and disease states) may underpin many of these aberrant mechanisms. We propose how exogenous sources of NAD may become a therapeutic standard for the treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Cimaglia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 112 82 Stockholm, Sweden;
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK; (M.V.); (J.E.M.)
| | - Marcela Votruba
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK; (M.V.); (J.E.M.)
- Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, Wales, UK
| | - James E. Morgan
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK; (M.V.); (J.E.M.)
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4YS, Wales, UK
| | - Helder André
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 112 82 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (H.A.); (P.A.W.)
| | - Pete A. Williams
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 112 82 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (H.A.); (P.A.W.)
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Abstract
This review focuses on recent progress in understanding the role of mitochondrial markers in the context of mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucoma and discussing new therapeutic approaches to modulate mitochondrial function and potentially lead to improved outcomes in glaucoma.
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Adornetto A, Morrone LA, Satriano A, Laganà ML, Licastro E, Nucci C, Corasaniti MT, Tonin P, Bagetta G, Russo R. Effects of caloric restriction on retinal aging and neurodegeneration. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 256:189-207. [PMID: 32958212 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the most common neurodegenerative cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Restricted caloric regimens are an attractive approach for delaying the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we review the current literature on the effects of caloric restriction on retinal neurons, under physiological and pathological conditions. We focused on autophagy as one of the mechanisms modulated by restricted caloric regimens and involved in the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) over the course of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annagrazia Adornetto
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Luigi Antonio Morrone
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Andrea Satriano
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Laganà
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Ester Licastro
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Carlo Nucci
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Tiziana Corasaniti
- School of Hospital Pharmacy, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro and Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paolo Tonin
- Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, Crotone, Italy
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Rossella Russo
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
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Hui F, Tang J, Williams PA, McGuinness MB, Hadoux X, Casson RJ, Coote M, Trounce IA, Martin KR, Wijngaarden P, Crowston JG. Improvement in inner retinal function in glaucoma with nicotinamide (vitamin
B3
) supplementation: A crossover randomized clinical trial. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 48:903-914. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flora Hui
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Melbourne Australia
| | - Jessica Tang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Melbourne Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Pete A. Williams
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Myra B. McGuinness
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Melbourne Australia
| | - Xavier Hadoux
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Melbourne Australia
| | - Robert J. Casson
- Ophthalmic Research Laboratories, Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia
| | - Michael Coote
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Melbourne Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Ian A. Trounce
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Melbourne Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Keith R. Martin
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Melbourne Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Peter Wijngaarden
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Melbourne Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Jonathan G. Crowston
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Melbourne Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
- Centre for Vision Research Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore
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Tunneling Nanotubes and the Eye: Intercellular Communication and Implications for Ocular Health and Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7246785. [PMID: 32352005 PMCID: PMC7171654 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7246785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cellular communication is an essential process for the development and maintenance of all tissues including the eye. Recently, a new method of cellular communication has been described, which relies on formation of tubules, called tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). These structures connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells and allow the direct transport of cellular cargo between cells without the need for secretion into the extracellular milieu. TNTs may be an important mechanism for signaling between cells that reside long distances from each other or for cells in aqueous environments, where diffusion-based signaling is challenging. Given the wide range of cargoes transported, such as lysosomes, endosomes, mitochondria, viruses, and miRNAs, TNTs may play a role in normal homeostatic processes in the eye as well as function in ocular disease. This review will describe TNT cellular communication in ocular cell cultures and the mammalian eye in vivo, the role of TNTs in mitochondrial transport with an emphasis on mitochondrial eye diseases, and molecules involved in TNT biogenesis and their function in eyes, and finally, we will describe TNT formation in inflammation, cancer, and stem cells, focusing on pathological processes of particular interest to vision scientists.
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The mito-QC Reporter for Quantitative Mitophagy Assessment in Primary Retinal Ganglion Cells and Experimental Glaucoma Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051882. [PMID: 32164182 PMCID: PMC7084520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage plays a prominent role in glaucoma. The only way cells can degrade whole mitochondria is via autophagy, in a process called mitophagy. Thus, studying mitophagy in the context of glaucoma is essential to understand the disease. Up to date limited tools are available for analyzing mitophagy in vivo. We have taken advantage of the mito-QC reporter, a recently generated mouse model that allows an accurate mitophagy assessment to fill this gap. We used primary RGCs and retinal explants derived from mito-QC mice to quantify mitophagy activation in vitro and ex vivo. We also analyzed mitophagy in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), in vivo, using different mitophagy inducers, as well as after optic nerve crush (ONC) in mice, a commonly used surgical procedure to model glaucoma. Using mito-QC reporter we quantified mitophagy induced by several known inducers in primary RGCs in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. We also found that RGCs were rescued from some glaucoma relevant stress factors by incubation with the iron chelator deferiprone (DFP). Thus, the mito-QC reporter-based model is a valuable tool for accurately analyzing mitophagy in the context of glaucoma.
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Yabana T, Sato K, Shiga Y, Himori N, Omodaka K, Nakazawa T. The relationship between glutathione levels in leukocytes and ocular clinical parameters in glaucoma. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227078. [PMID: 31887133 PMCID: PMC6936795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of mitochondrial dysfunction on the autoregulation of blood flow, by measuring levels of glutathione, an indicator of mitochondrial dysfunction, in glaucoma patients. METHODS Fifty-six OAG patients and 21 age-matched controls underwent a blood assay. Mitochondrial function was measured according to the levels of total glutathione (t-GSH), reduced GSH (GSH), and oxidized GSH (GSSG, glutathione disulfide) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Ocular blood flow in the optic nerve head was assessed with laser speckle flowgraphy parameters, including acceleration time index (ATI). We determined correlations between these measurements and other clinical parameters. Furthermore, we investigated the association between glutathione levels and glaucoma with a logistic regression analysis. Finally, we calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in order to determine the power of redox index (the log GSH/GSSG ratio) to distinguish the groups. RESULTS OAG patients demonstrated significantly higher GSSG levels and a lower redox index than the controls (p = 0.01, p = 0.01, respectively), but total GSH and reduced GSH levels were similar in the OAG subjects and controls (p = 0.80, p = 0.94, respectively). Additionally, redox index was significantly correlated with mean deviation (MD) of the visual field (r = 0.29, p = 0.03) and ATI (r = -0.30, p = 0.03). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that redox index contributed to MD (p = 0.02) and ATI (p = 0.04). The receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis suggested that redox index could differentiate between control eyes and eyes with glaucoma (AUC; 0.70: 95% interval; 0.57-0.84). The cutoff point for redox index to maximize its sensitivity and specificity was 2.0 (sensitivity: 91.1%, specificity: 42.9%). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that redox index is lower in OAG patients than in controls. Thus, it is possible that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to glaucoma pathogenesis by causing vascular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yabana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Collaborative Program for Ophthalmic Drug Discovery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriko Himori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Collaborative Program for Ophthalmic Drug Discovery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Fang X, Wen T, Xiao M, Chen S, Zhang X. Discovery and Validation of Circulating Hsa-miR-210-3p as a Potential Biomarker for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2925-2934. [PMID: 31284309 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-26663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Blood-based examination tools for glaucoma diagnosis in clinical practice, which can be useful for screening patients when traditional ophthalmic examinations cannot be utilized, are not available thus far. This study aimed to identify circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and explore their utility as diagnostic markers. Methods A total of 136 POAG patients and controls were enrolled. Next-generation RNA sequencing was used to explore the expression profile of circulating miRNAs in the sequencing set, and potential miRNAs from independent samples in both the screening and validation sets were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the ability of certain miRNAs to distinguish POAG patients from control subjects. Results Using sequencing and qRT-PCR, hsa-miR-210-3p was found to be elevated in POAG patients in all sets. ROC analysis of the screening and validation sets revealed that hsa-miR-210-3p differentiated between POAG patients and matched controls with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.846 (sensitivity: 84.6%; specificity: 80.8%) and 0.813 (sensitivity: 84.8%; specificity: 69.7%), respectively. In case of all nonsequencing participants, analysis revealed that hsa-miR-210-3p differentiated between severe POAG patients and controls with an AUC of 0.880 (sensitivity: 85.4%; specificity: 85.7%). In addition, the expression of hsa-miR-210-3p was associated with visual field defects of |mean deviation| (β = 0.237; P = 0.022) and average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (β = -5.792; P = 0.014). Conclusions Circulating hsa-miR-210-3p may serve as a potential diagnostic marker for POAG (especially for severe POAG patients).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoming Liu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayi Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Fang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wen
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mianli Xiao
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shida Chen
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulan Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Yap T, Shamsher E, Guo L, Cordeiro M. Ophthalmic Research Lecture 2018: DARC as a Potential Surrogate Marker. Ophthalmic Res 2019; 63:1-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000500527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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McWilliams TG, Prescott AR, Villarejo-Zori B, Ball G, Boya P, Ganley IG. A comparative map of macroautophagy and mitophagy in the vertebrate eye. Autophagy 2019; 15:1296-1308. [PMID: 30786807 PMCID: PMC6613837 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1580509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoreception is pivotal to our experience and perception of the natural world; hence the eye is of prime importance for most vertebrate animals to sense light. Central to visual health is mitochondrial homeostasis, and the selective autophagic turnover of mitochondria (mitophagy) is predicted to play a key role here. Despite studies that link aberrant mitophagy to ocular dysfunction, little is known about the prevalence of basal mitophagy, or its relationship to general autophagy, in the visual system. In this study, we utilize the mito-QC mouse and a closely related general macroautophagy reporter model to profile basal mitophagy and macroautophagy in the adult and developing eye. We report that ocular macroautophagy is widespread, but surprisingly mitophagy does not always follow the same pattern of occurrence. We observe low levels of mitophagy in the lens and ciliary body, in stark contrast to the high levels of general MAP1LC3-dependent macroautophagy in these regions. We uncover a striking reversal of this process in the adult retina, where mitophagy accounts for a larger degree of the macroautophagy taking place, specifically in the photoreceptor neurons of the outer nuclear layer. We also show the developmental regulation of autophagy in a variety of ocular tissues. In particular, mitophagy in the adult mouse retina is reversed in localization during the latter stages of development. Our work thus defines the landscape of mitochondrial homeostasis in the mammalian eye, and in doing so highlights the selective nature of autophagy in vivo and the specificity of the reporters used. Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; GFP: green fluorescent protein; LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; ONH: optic nerve head; ONL: outer nuclear layer; RPE: retinal pigment epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. McWilliams
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Translational Stem Cell Biology & Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alan R. Prescott
- Dundee Imaging Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Beatriz Villarejo-Zori
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Graeme Ball
- Dundee Imaging Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ian G. Ganley
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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