1
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Jansen RLM, de Boer R, de Lange EMF, Koster J, Vlijm R, Waterham HR, van der Klei IJ. Overexpression of PEX14 results in mistargeting to mitochondria, accompanied by organelle fragmentation and clustering in human embryonic kidney cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119754. [PMID: 38762172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Peroxisome biogenesis disorders are caused by pathogenic variants in genes involved in biogenesis and maintenance of peroxisomes. However, mitochondria are also often affected in these diseases. Peroxisomal membrane proteins, including PEX14, have been found to mislocalise to mitochondria in cells lacking peroxisomes. Recent studies indicated that this mislocalisation contributes to mitochondrial abnormalities in PEX3-deficient patient fibroblasts cells. Here, we studied whether mitochondrial morphology is also affected in PEX3-deficient HEK293 cells and whether PEX14 mislocalises to mitochondria in these cells. Using high-resolution imaging techniques, we show that although endogenous PEX14 mislocalises to mitochondria, mitochondrial morphology was normal in PEX3-KO HEK293 cells. However, we discovered that overexpression of tagged PEX14 in wild-type HEK293 cells resulted in its mitochondrial localisation, accompanied by altered mitochondrial morphology. Our data indicate that overexpression of tagged PEX14 alone directly or indirectly cause mitochondrial abnormalities in cells containing peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate L M Jansen
- Molecular Cell Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rinse de Boer
- Molecular Cell Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eline M F de Lange
- Molecular Cell Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Janet Koster
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases & Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rifka Vlijm
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases & Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ida J van der Klei
- Molecular Cell Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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2
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Honsho M, Fujiki Y. Asymmetric Distribution of Plasmalogens and Their Roles-A Mini Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:764. [PMID: 37755186 PMCID: PMC10534842 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Plasmalogens are a unique family of cellular glycerophospholipids that contain a vinyl-ether bond. The synthesis of plasmalogens is initiated in peroxisomes and completed in the endoplasmic reticulum. Plasmalogens are transported to the post-Golgi compartment, including endosomes and plasma membranes, in a manner dependent on ATP, but not vesicular transport. Plasmalogens are preferentially localized in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in a manner dependent on P4-type ATPase ATP8B2, that associates with the CDC50 subunit. Plasmalogen biosynthesis is spatiotemporally regulated by a feedback mechanism that senses the amount of plasmalogens in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and controls the stability of fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 (FAR1), the rate-limiting enzyme for plasmalogen biosynthesis. The physiological consequences of such asymmetric localization and homeostasis of plasmalogens are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Honsho
- Department of Neuroinflammation and Brain Fatigue Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiki
- Institute of Rheological Functions of Food-Kyushu University Collaboration Program, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 811-2501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Himeji 671-2280, Japan
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3
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Kocherlakota S, Swinkels D, Van Veldhoven PP, Baes M. Mouse Models to Study Peroxisomal Functions and Disorders: Overview, Caveats, and Recommendations. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2643:469-500. [PMID: 36952207 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3048-8_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
During the last three decades many mouse lines were created or identified that are deficient in one or more peroxisomal functions. Different methodologies were applied to obtain global, hypomorph, cell type selective, inducible, and knockin mice. Whereas some models closely mimic pathologies in patients, others strongly deviate or no human counterpart has been reported. Often, mice, apparently endowed with a stronger transcriptional adaptation, have to be challenged with dietary additions or restrictions in order to trigger phenotypic changes. Depending on the inactivated peroxisomal protein, several approaches can be taken to validate the loss-of-function. Here, an overview is given of the available mouse models and their most important characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kocherlakota
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniëlle Swinkels
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul P Van Veldhoven
- Laboratory of Peroxisome Biology and Intracellular Communication, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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4
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Kawai H, Takashima S, Ohba A, Toyoshi K, Kubota K, Ohnishi H, Shimozawa N. Development of a system adapted for the diagnosis and evaluation of peroxisomal disorders by measuring bile acid intermediates. Brain Dev 2023; 45:58-69. [PMID: 36511274 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bile acid intermediates, 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxycholestanoic acid (THCA) and 3α,7α-dihydroxycholestanoic acid (DHCA), are metabolized in peroxisomes. Some peroxisomal disorders (PDs), such as Zellweger spectrum disorder (ZSD), show an accumulation of bile acid intermediates. In particular, ABCD3 deficiency and acyl-CoA-oxidase 2 deficiency are characterized by these metabolite abnormalities. In patients with ZSD, levels of bile acid intermediates can be lowered by a primary bile acid supplementation treatment; therefore, measuring their levels could help evaluate treatment effectiveness. Here, we established a method for the quantitative determination of bile acid intermediates (THCA/DHCA) for differentiating PDs and assessing bile acid treatment. METHODS Serum samples, obtained from patients with several forms of ZSD as well as peroxisomal β-oxidation enzyme deficiencies, were deproteinized and analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Levels of the bile acid intermediates increased significantly in patients with Zellweger syndrome (ZS) and slightly in patients with neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy and infantile Refsum disease (IRD), reflecting the severity of these diseases. One patient with ZS treated with primary bile acids for 6 months showed slightly decreased serum DHCA levels but significantly increased serum THCA levels. One patient with IRD who underwent living-donor liver transplantation showed a rapid decrease in serum THCA and DHCA levels, which remained undetected for 6 years. In all controls, THCA and DHCA levels were below the detection limit. CONCLUSION The analytical method developed in this study is useful for diagnosing various PD and validating bile acid treatment. Additionally, it can help predict the prognosis of patients with PD and support treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kawai
- Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Kibogaoka Medical and Support Center for Children, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Shigeo Takashima
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akiko Ohba
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kayoko Toyoshi
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Division of Clinical Genetics, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ohnishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Division of Clinical Genetics, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimozawa
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Division of Clinical Genetics, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
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5
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Wanders RJA, Baes M, Ribeiro D, Ferdinandusse S, Waterham HR. The physiological functions of human peroxisomes. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:957-1024. [PMID: 35951481 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00051.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles that play a central role in human physiology by catalyzing a range of unique metabolic functions. The importance of peroxisomes for human health is exemplified by the existence of a group of usually severe diseases caused by an impairment in one or more peroxisomal functions. Among others these include the Zellweger spectrum disorders, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, and Refsum disease. To fulfill their role in metabolism, peroxisomes require continued interaction with other subcellular organelles including lipid droplets, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. In recent years it has become clear that the metabolic alliance between peroxisomes and other organelles requires the active participation of tethering proteins to bring the organelles physically closer together, thereby achieving efficient transfer of metabolites. This review intends to describe the current state of knowledge about the metabolic role of peroxisomes in humans, with particular emphasis on the metabolic partnership between peroxisomes and other organelles and the consequences of genetic defects in these processes. We also describe the biogenesis of peroxisomes and the consequences of the multiple genetic defects therein. In addition, we discuss the functional role of peroxisomes in different organs and tissues and include relevant information derived from model systems, notably peroxisomal mouse models. Finally, we pay particular attention to a hitherto underrated role of peroxisomes in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Muri J, Corak B, Matsushita M, Baes M, Kopf M. Peroxisomes Are Critical for the Development and Maintenance of B1 and Marginal Zone B Cells but Dispensable for Follicular B Cells and T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:839-850. [PMID: 35074867 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant systems maintain cellular redox (oxidation-reduction) homeostasis. In contrast with other key redox pathways, such as the thioredoxin system, glutathione, and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), little is known about the function of the redox-sensitive organelle "peroxisome" in immune cells. In this study, we show that the absence of peroxisomes in conditional Pex5-deficient mice strikingly results in impaired homeostatic maintenance of innate-like B cells, namely, B1 and marginal zone B cells, which translates into a defective Ab response to Streptococcus pneumoniae Surprisingly, however, follicular B2 cell development, homeostatic maintenance, germinal center reactions, Ab production, class switching, and B cell memory formation were unaffected in Pex5-deficient animals. Similarly, T cell development and responses to viral infections also remained unaltered in the absence of Pex5 Thus, this study highlights the differential requirement of peroxisomes in distinct lymphocyte subtypes and may provide a rationale for specifically targeting peroxisomal metabolism in innate-like B cells in certain forms of B cell malignancies involving B1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Muri
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Basak Corak
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Mai Matsushita
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Myriam Baes
- Lab of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and
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7
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Nuebel E, Morgan JT, Fogarty S, Winter JM, Lettlova S, Berg JA, Chen YC, Kidwell CU, Maschek JA, Clowers KJ, Argyriou C, Chen L, Wittig I, Cox JE, Roh-Johnson M, Braverman N, Bonkowsky J, Gygi SP, Rutter J. The biochemical basis of mitochondrial dysfunction in Zellweger Spectrum Disorder. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51991. [PMID: 34351705 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomal biogenesis disorders (PBDs) are genetic disorders of peroxisome biogenesis and metabolism that are characterized by profound developmental and neurological phenotypes. The most severe class of PBDs-Zellweger spectrum disorder (ZSD)-is caused by mutations in peroxin genes that result in both non-functional peroxisomes and mitochondrial dysfunction. It is unclear, however, how defective peroxisomes contribute to mitochondrial impairment. In order to understand the molecular basis of this inter-organellar relationship, we investigated the fate of peroxisomal mRNAs and proteins in ZSD model systems. We found that peroxins were still expressed and a subset of them accumulated on the mitochondrial membrane, which resulted in gross mitochondrial abnormalities and impaired mitochondrial metabolic function. We showed that overexpression of ATAD1, a mitochondrial quality control factor, was sufficient to rescue several aspects of mitochondrial function in human ZSD fibroblasts. Together, these data suggest that aberrant peroxisomal protein localization is necessary and sufficient for the devastating mitochondrial morphological and metabolic phenotypes in ZSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nuebel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Morgan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sarah Fogarty
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jacob M Winter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sandra Lettlova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jordan A Berg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yu-Chan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chelsea U Kidwell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - J Alan Maschek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Metabolomics, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Research Facilities, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Katie J Clowers
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Lingxiao Chen
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, ON, Canada
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - James E Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Metabolomics, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Research Facilities, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Minna Roh-Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nancy Braverman
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua Bonkowsky
- Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jared Rutter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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8
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Schrader M, Kamoshita M, Islinger M. Organelle interplay-peroxisome interactions in health and disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:71-89. [PMID: 30864148 PMCID: PMC7041636 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are multifunctional, dynamic, membrane-bound organelles with important functions in cellular lipid metabolism, rendering them essential for human health and development. Important roles for peroxisomes in signaling and the fine-tuning of cellular processes are emerging, which integrate them in a complex network of interacting cellular compartments. Like many other organelles, peroxisomes communicate through membrane contact sites. For example, peroxisomal growth, positioning, and lipid metabolism involves contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we discuss the most recent findings on peroxisome-organelle interactions including peroxisome-ER interplay at membrane contacts sites, and functional interplay with mitochondria, lysosomes, and lipid droplets in mammalian cells. We address tether proteins, metabolic cooperation, and the impact of peroxisome interactions on human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schrader
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, BiosciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Maki Kamoshita
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, BiosciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Markus Islinger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty ManheimUniversity of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
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9
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Staying in Healthy Contact: How Peroxisomes Interact with Other Cell Organelles. Trends Mol Med 2019; 26:201-214. [PMID: 31727543 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes share extensive metabolic connections with other cell organelles. Membrane contact sites (MCSs) establish and maintain such interactions, and they are vital for organelle positioning and motility. In the past few years peroxisome interactions and MCSs with other cellular organelles have been explored extensively, resulting in the identification of new MCSs, the tethering molecules involved, and their functional characterization. Defective tethering and compartmental communication can lead to pathological conditions that can be termed 'organelle interaction diseases'. We review peroxisome-organelle interactions in mammals and summarize the most recent knowledge of mammalian peroxisomal organelle contacts in health and disease.
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10
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Knebel B, Fahlbusch P, Dille M, Wahlers N, Hartwig S, Jacob S, Kettel U, Schiller M, Herebian D, Koellmer C, Lehr S, Müller-Wieland D, Kotzka J. Fatty Liver Due to Increased de novo Lipogenesis: Alterations in the Hepatic Peroxisomal Proteome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:248. [PMID: 31709254 PMCID: PMC6823594 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) caused by ectopic lipid accumulation, lipotoxicity is a crucial molecular risk factor. Mechanisms to eliminate lipid overflow can prevent the liver from functional complications. This may involve increased secretion of lipids or metabolic adaptation to ß-oxidation in lipid-degrading organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes. In addition to dietary factors, increased plasma fatty acid levels may be due to increased triglyceride synthesis, lipolysis, as well as de novo lipid synthesis (DNL) in the liver. In the present study, we investigated the impact of fatty liver caused by elevated DNL, in a transgenic mouse model with liver-specific overexpression of human sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (alb-SREBP-1c), on hepatic gene expression, on plasma lipids and especially on the proteome of peroxisomes by omics analyses, and we interpreted the results with knowledge-based analyses. In summary, the increased hepatic DNL is accompanied by marginal gene expression changes but massive changes in peroxisomal proteome. Furthermore, plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) as well as lysoPC species were altered. Based on these observations, it can be speculated that the plasticity of organelles and their functionality may be directly affected by lipid overflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Knebel
- Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pia Fahlbusch
- Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Dille
- Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Natalie Wahlers
- Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sonja Hartwig
- Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sylvia Jacob
- Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kettel
- Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina Schiller
- Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Children’s Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia Koellmer
- Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dirk Müller-Wieland
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Clinical Research Centre, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jorg Kotzka
- Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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11
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Serine Protease HtrA2/Omi Deficiency Impairs Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Promotes Hepatic Fibrogenesis via Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101119. [PMID: 31547195 PMCID: PMC6829542 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of mitochondrial function impairs intracellular energy production and potentially results in chronic liver disease. Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes contributes to the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), thereby resulting in hepatic fibrogenesis. High-temperature requirement protein A2 (HtrA2/Omi), a mitochondrial serine protease with various functions, is responsible for quality control in mitochondrial homeostasis. However, little information is available regarding its role in mitochondrial damage during the development of liver fibrosis. This study examined whether HtrA2/Omi regulates mitochondrial homeostasis in hepatocyte during the development of hepatic fibrogenesis. In this study, we demonstrated that HtrA2/Omi expression considerably decreased in liver tissues from the CCl4-induced liver fibrotic mice model and from patients with liver cirrhosis. Knockdown of HtrA2/Omi in hepatocytes induced the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and provoked mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) stress. We further show that the damaged mtDNA isolated from HtrA2/Omi-deficient hepatocytes as a form of damage-associated molecular patterns can induce HSCs activation. Moreover, we found that motor neuron degeneration 2-mutant mice harboring the missense mutation Ser276Cys in the protease domain of HtrA2/Omi displayed altered mitochondrial morphology and function, which increased oxidative stress and promoted liver fibrosis. Conversely, the overexpression of HtrA2/Omi via hydrodynamics-based gene transfer led to the antifibrotic effects in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mice model through decreasing collagen accumulation and enhancing anti-oxidative activity by modulating mitochondrial homeostasis in the liver. These results suggest that suppressing HtrA2/Omi expression promotes hepatic fibrogenesis via modulating mtROS generation, and these novel mechanistic insights involving the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis by HtrA2/Omi may be of importance for developing new therapeutic strategies for hepatic fibrosis.
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Costello JL, Passmore JB, Islinger M, Schrader M. Multi-localized Proteins: The Peroxisome-Mitochondria Connection. Subcell Biochem 2019; 89:383-415. [PMID: 30378033 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2233-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes and mitochondria are dynamic, multifunctional organelles that play pivotal cooperative roles in the metabolism of cellular lipids and reactive oxygen species. Their functional interplay, the "peroxisome-mitochondria connection", also includes cooperation in anti-viral signalling and defence, as well as coordinated biogenesis by sharing key division proteins. In this review, we focus on multi-localised proteins which are shared by peroxisomes and mitochondria in mammals. We first outline the targeting and sharing of matrix proteins which are involved in metabolic cooperation. Next, we discuss shared components of peroxisomal and mitochondrial dynamics and division, and we present novel insights into the dual targeting of tail-anchored membrane proteins. Finally, we provide an overview of what is currently known about the role of shared membrane proteins in disease. What emerges is that sharing of proteins between these two organelles plays a key role in their cooperative functions which, based on new findings, may be more extensive than originally envisaged. Gaining a better insight into organelle interplay and the targeting of shared proteins is pivotal to understanding how organelle cooperation contributes to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Markus Islinger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Center for Biomedicine & Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Manheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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Baboota RK, Shinde AB, Lemaire K, Fransen M, Vinckier S, Van Veldhoven PP, Schuit F, Baes M. Functional peroxisomes are required for β-cell integrity in mice. Mol Metab 2019; 22:71-83. [PMID: 30795913 PMCID: PMC6437690 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Peroxisomes play a crucial role in lipid and reactive oxygen species metabolism, but their importance for pancreatic β-cell functioning is presently unknown. To examine the contribution of peroxisomal metabolism to β-cell homeostasis in mice, we inactivated PEX5, the import receptor for peroxisomal matrix proteins, in an inducible and β-cell restricted manner (Rip-Pex5−/− mice). Methods After tamoxifen-induced recombination of the Pex5 gene at the age of 6 weeks, mice were fed either normal chow or a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and were subsequently phenotyped. Results Increased levels of very long chain fatty acids and reduced levels of plasmalogens in islets confirmed impairment of peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation and ether lipid synthesis, respectively. The Rip-Pex5−/− mice fed on either diet exhibited glucose intolerance associated with impaired insulin secretion. Ultrastructural and biochemical analysis revealed a decrease in the density of mature insulin granules and total pancreatic insulin content, which was further accompanied by mitochondrial disruptions, reduced complex I activity and massive vacuole overload in β-cells. RNAseq analysis suggested that cell death pathways were affected in islets from HFD-fed Rip-Pex5−/− mice. Consistent with this change we observed increased β-cell apoptosis in islets and a decrease in β-cell mass. Conclusions Our data indicate that normal peroxisome metabolism in β-cells is crucial to preserve their structure and function. Pex5 deletion in β-cells impairs glucose tolerance and reduces β-cell mass. Pex5-deficient β-cells display increased apoptosis. Peroxisomal loss causes mitochondrial deterioration and cytoplasmic vacuolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Kumar Baboota
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhijit Babaji Shinde
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katleen Lemaire
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Gene Expression Unit, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Fransen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, KU Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Vinckier
- VIB-KULeuven Centre for Cancer Biology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul P Van Veldhoven
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, KU Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frans Schuit
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Gene Expression Unit, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myriam Baes
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Park H, He A, Tan M, Johnson JM, Dean JM, Pietka TA, Chen Y, Zhang X, Hsu FF, Razani B, Funai K, Lodhi IJ. Peroxisome-derived lipids regulate adipose thermogenesis by mediating cold-induced mitochondrial fission. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:694-711. [PMID: 30511960 PMCID: PMC6355224 DOI: 10.1172/jci120606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes perform essential functions in lipid metabolism, including fatty acid oxidation and plasmalogen synthesis. Here, we describe a role for peroxisomal lipid metabolism in mitochondrial dynamics in brown and beige adipocytes. Adipose tissue peroxisomal biogenesis was induced in response to cold exposure through activation of the thermogenic coregulator PRDM16. Adipose-specific knockout of the peroxisomal biogenesis factor Pex16 (Pex16-AKO) in mice impaired cold tolerance, decreased energy expenditure, and increased diet-induced obesity. Pex16 deficiency blocked cold-induced mitochondrial fission, decreased mitochondrial copy number, and caused mitochondrial dysfunction. Adipose-specific knockout of the peroxisomal β-oxidation enzyme acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (Acox1-AKO) was not sufficient to affect adiposity, thermogenesis, or mitochondrial copy number, but knockdown of the plasmalogen synthetic enzyme glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (GNPAT) recapitulated the effects of Pex16 inactivation on mitochondrial morphology and function. Plasmalogens are present in mitochondria and decreased with Pex16 inactivation. Dietary supplementation with plasmalogens increased mitochondrial copy number, improved mitochondrial function, and rescued thermogenesis in Pex16-AKO mice. These findings support a surprising interaction between peroxisomes and mitochondria regulating mitochondrial dynamics and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsuk Park
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Anyuan He
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Min Tan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jordan M Johnson
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - John M Dean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Yali Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Babak Razani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Veterans Affairs St. Louis Healthcare System, John Cochran Division, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Funai
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Irfan J Lodhi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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