1
|
Agrawal H, Mehatre SH, Khurana S. The hematopoietic stem cell expansion niche in fetal liver: Current state of the art and the way forward. Exp Hematol 2024:104585. [PMID: 39068980 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic development goes through a number of embryonic sites that host hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells with function required at specific developmental stages. Among embryonic sites, the fetal liver (FL) hosts definitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) capable of engrafting adult hematopoietic system and supports their rapid expansion. Hence, this site provides an excellent model to understand the cellular and molecular components of the machinery involved in HSC-proliferative events, leading to their overall expansion. It has been unequivocally established that extrinsic regulators orchestrate events that maintain HSC function. Although most studies on extrinsic regulation of HSC function are targeted at adult bone marrow (BM) hematopoiesis, little is known about how FL HSC function is regulated by their microniche. This review provides the current state of our understanding on molecular and cellular niche factors that support FL hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Agrawal
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Shubham Haribhau Mehatre
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Satish Khurana
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India..
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi G, Zhang P, Zhang X, Li J, Zheng X, Yan J, Zhang N, Yang H. The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the biophysical microenvironment during hematopoietic stem cell development: from embryo to adult. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:251. [PMID: 37705072 PMCID: PMC10500792 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with the ability to self-renew and differentiate are responsible for maintaining the supply of all types of blood cells. The complex and delicate microenvironment surrounding HSCs is called the HSC niche and can provide physical, chemical, and biological stimuli to regulate the survival, maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of HSCs. Currently, the exploration of the biophysical regulation of HSCs remains in its infancy. There is evidence that HSCs are susceptible to biophysical stimuli, suggesting that the construction of engineered niche biophysical microenvironments is a promising way to regulate the fate of HSCs in vitro and ultimately contribute to clinical applications. In this review, we introduced the spatiotemporal heterogeneous biophysical microenvironment during HSC development, homeostasis, and malignancy. Furthermore, we illustrated how these biophysical cues contribute to HSC behaviors, as well as the possible mechanotransduction mechanisms from the extracellular microenvironment into cells. Comprehending the important functions of these biophysical regulatory factors will provide novel approaches to resolve clinical problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinmin Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinxiao Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Krenn PW, Montanez E, Costell M, Fässler R. Integrins, anchors and signal transducers of hematopoietic stem cells during development and in adulthood. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 149:203-261. [PMID: 35606057 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the apex of the hierarchically organized blood cell production system, are generated in the yolk sac, aorta-gonad-mesonephros region and placenta of the developing embryo. To maintain life-long hematopoiesis, HSCs emigrate from their site of origin and seed in distinct microenvironments, called niches, of fetal liver and bone marrow where they receive supportive signals for self-renewal, expansion and production of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), which in turn orchestrate the production of the hematopoietic effector cells. The interactions of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with niche components are to a large part mediated by the integrin superfamily of adhesion molecules. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the functional properties of integrins and their activators, Talin-1 and Kindlin-3, for HSPC generation, function and fate decisions during development and in adulthood. In addition, we discuss integrin-mediated mechanosensing for HSC-niche interactions, ex vivo protocols aimed at expanding HSCs for therapeutic use, and recent approaches targeting the integrin-mediated adhesion in leukemia-inducing HSCs in their protecting, malignant niches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Krenn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Eloi Montanez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Costell
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain; Institut Universitari de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li H, Luo Q, Shan W, Cai S, Tie R, Xu Y, Lin Y, Qian P, Huang H. Biomechanical cues as master regulators of hematopoietic stem cell fate. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5881-5902. [PMID: 34232331 PMCID: PMC8316214 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) perceive both soluble signals and biomechanical inputs from their microenvironment and cells themselves. Emerging as critical regulators of the blood program, biomechanical cues such as extracellular matrix stiffness, fluid mechanical stress, confined adhesiveness, and cell-intrinsic forces modulate multiple capacities of HSCs through mechanotransduction. In recent years, research has furthered the scientific community's perception of mechano-based signaling networks in the regulation of several cellular processes. However, the underlying molecular details of the biomechanical regulatory paradigm in HSCs remain poorly elucidated and researchers are still lacking in the ability to produce bona fide HSCs ex vivo for clinical use. This review presents an overview of the mechanical control of both embryonic and adult HSCs, discusses some recent insights into the mechanisms of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction, and highlights the application of mechanical cues aiming at HSC expansion or differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghu Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruxiu Tie
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lin
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The Bioactive Peptide SL-13R Expands Human Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells In Vitro. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071995. [PMID: 33915948 PMCID: PMC8036704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) transplantation is a curative treatment of hematological disorders that has been utilized for several decades. Although umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a promising source of HSPCs, the low dose of HSPCs in these preparations limits their use, prompting need for ex vivo HSPC expansion. To establish a more efficient method to expand UCB HSPCs, we developed the bioactive peptide named SL-13R and cultured UCB HSPCs (CD34+ cells) with SL-13R in animal component-free medium containing a cytokine cocktail. Following 9 days of culture with SL-13R, the numbers of total cells, CD34+, CD38− cells, and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-enriched cells were significantly increased relative to control. Transplantation of cells cultured with SL-13R into immunodeficient NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγ knockout mice confirmed that they possess long-term reconstitution and self-renewal ability. AHNAK, ANXA2, and PLEC all interact with SL-13R. Knockdown of these genes in UCB CD34+ cells resulted in reduced numbers of hematopoietic colonies relative to SL-13R-treated and non-knockdown controls. In summary, we have identified a novel bioactive peptide SL-13R promoting expansion of UCB CD34+ cells with long-term reconstitution and self-renewal ability, suggesting its clinical use in the future.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dutka M, Bobiński R, Ulman-Włodarz I, Hajduga M, Bujok J, Pająk C, Ćwiertnia M. Various aspects of inflammation in heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 25:537-548. [PMID: 31705352 PMCID: PMC7181445 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-019-09875-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the prevention and treatment of heart failure (HF), the prognosis in patients who have been hospitalised on at least one occasion due to exacerbation of HF is still poor. Therefore, a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of HF is crucial in order to achieve better results in the treatment of this clinical syndrome. One of the areas that, for years, has aroused the interest of researchers is the activation of the immune system and the elevated levels of biomarkers of inflammation in patients with both ischaemic and non-ischaemic HF. Additionally, it is intriguing that the level of circulating pro-inflammatory biomarkers correlates with the severity of the disease and prognosis in this group of patients. Unfortunately, clinical trials aimed at assessing interventions to modulate the inflammatory response in HF have been disappointing, and the modulation of the inflammatory response has had either no effect or even a negative effect on the HF prognosis. The article presents a summary of current knowledge on the role of immune system activation and inflammation in the pathogenesis of HF. Understanding the immunological mechanisms pathogenetically associated with left ventricular remodelling and progression of HF may open up new therapeutic possibilities for HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mieczysław Dutka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biala, Poland.
| | - Rafał Bobiński
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Izabela Ulman-Włodarz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Maciej Hajduga
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Jan Bujok
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Celina Pająk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Michał Ćwiertnia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dutka M, Bobiński R, Ulman-Włodarz I, Hajduga M, Bujok J, Pająk C, Ćwiertnia M. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: mechanisms of action in heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 26:603-622. [PMID: 33150520 PMCID: PMC8024236 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-10041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a key independent risk factor in the development of heart failure (HF) and a strong, adverse prognostic factor in HF patients. HF remains the primary cause of hospitalisation for diabetics and, as previous studies have shown, when HF occurs in these patients, intensive glycaemic control does not directly improve the prognosis. Recent clinical studies assessing a new class of antidiabetic drugs, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) showed some unexpected beneficial results. Patients treated with SGLT2is had a significant decrease in both cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality and less hospitalisations due to HF compared to those given a placebo. These significant clinical benefits occurred quickly after the drugs were administered and were not solely due to improved glycaemic control. These groundbreaking clinical trials’ results have already changed clinical practice in the management of patients with diabetes at high CV risk. These trials have triggered numerous experimental studies aimed at explaining the mechanisms of action of this unique group of drugs. This article presents the current state of knowledge about the mechanisms of action of SGLT2is developed for the treatment of diabetes and which, thanks to their cardioprotective effects, may, in the future, become a treatment for patients with HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mieczysław Dutka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bielsko-Biała, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
| | - Rafał Bobiński
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bielsko-Biała, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Izabela Ulman-Włodarz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bielsko-Biała, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Maciej Hajduga
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bielsko-Biała, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Jan Bujok
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bielsko-Biała, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Celina Pająk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bielsko-Biała, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Michał Ćwiertnia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Bielsko-Biała, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Davenport P, Liu ZJ, Sola-Visner M. Changes in megakaryopoiesis over ontogeny and their implications in health and disease. Platelets 2020; 31:692-699. [PMID: 32200697 PMCID: PMC8006558 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1742879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research has made it increasingly clear that there are substantial biological differences between fetal/neonatal and adult megakaryopoiesis. Over the last decade, studies revealed a developmentally unique uncoupling of proliferation, polyploidization, and cytoplasmic maturation in neonatal MKs that results in the production of large numbers of small, low ploidy, but mature MKs during this period of development, and identified substantial molecular differences between fetal/neonatal and adult MKs. This review will summarize our current knowledge on the developmental differences between fetal/neonatal and adult MKs, and recent advances in our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, including newly described developmentally regulated pathways and miRNAs. We will also discuss the implications of these findings on the ways MKs interact with the environment, the response of neonates to thrombocytopenia, the pathogenesis of Down syndrome-transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD), and the developmental stage specific-manifestations of congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Davenport
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhi-Jian Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha Sola-Visner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yasen A, Li W, Maimaitinijiati Y, Aini A, Ran B, Wang H, Tuxun T, Shao Y, Aji T, Wen H. Direct effects of transforming growth factor-β1 signaling on the differentiation fate of fetal hepatic progenitor cells. Regen Med 2020; 15:1719-1733. [PMID: 32772793 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate direct roles of TGF-β1 signaling in the differentiation process of fetal hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs). Materials & methods: Exogenous TGF-β1 and SB431542 were added into fetal HPCs. Then, SB431542 was intraperitoneally injected into pregnant mice for 8 days. Results: Fetal HPCs treated with TGF-β1 differentiated into cholangiocytes. However, hepatocyte marker was highly expressed after inhibiting TGF-β1 signaling. In vivo, hematopoietic cells were gradually replaced with liver cells and TGF-β1 expression was evidently decreased as fetal liver developed. Inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling caused increase of ALB+ cells, but CK19 expression was more obvious in control mice livers. Conclusion: TGF-β1 signaling may play decisive roles in fetal HPCs differentiation into functional hepatocytes or cholangiocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimaiti Yasen
- Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, PR China.,Department of Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830054, PR China
| | - Wending Li
- Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| | | | - Abudusalamu Aini
- Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| | - Bo Ran
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830054, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830054, PR China
| | - Tuerhongjiang Tuxun
- Department of Liver & Laparoscopic Surgery, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830054, PR China
| | - Yingmei Shao
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830054, PR China
| | - Tuerganaili Aji
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830054, PR China
| | - Hao Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Disease, Digestive & Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830054, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention & Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, 393 Xin Yi Road, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Soares-da-Silva F, Peixoto M, Cumano A, Pinto-do-Ó P. Crosstalk Between the Hepatic and Hematopoietic Systems During Embryonic Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:612. [PMID: 32793589 PMCID: PMC7387668 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) generated during embryonic development are able to maintain hematopoiesis for the lifetime, producing all mature blood lineages. HSC transplantation is a widely used cell therapy intervention in the treatment of hematologic, autoimmune and genetic disorders. Its use, however, is hampered by the inability to expand HSCs ex vivo, urging for a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating their physiological expansion. In the adult, HSCs reside in the bone marrow, in specific microenvironments that support stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Conversely, while developing, HSCs are transiently present in the fetal liver, the major hematopoietic site in the embryo, where they expand. Deeper insights on the dynamics of fetal liver composition along development, and on how these different cell types impact hematopoiesis, are needed. Both, the hematopoietic and hepatic fetal systems have been extensively studied, albeit independently. This review aims to explore their concurrent establishment and evaluate to what degree they may cross modulate their respective development. As insights on the molecular networks that govern physiological HSC expansion accumulate, it is foreseeable that strategies to enhance HSC proliferation will be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Soares-da-Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM U1223, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Márcia Peixoto
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM U1223, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ana Cumano
- Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM U1223, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Perpetua Pinto-do-Ó
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Paracrine CCL17 and CCL22 signaling regulates hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell migration and retention in mouse fetal liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:730-736. [PMID: 32439173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fetal liver (FL) is the major embryonic hematopoietic organ and a site where circulating hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) reside. However, HSPC migration/retention mechanisms in FL remain unclear. A chemokine screen revealed that the CCR4 ligands CCL17 and CCL22 are highly expressed in mouse embryonic day (E) 12.5 FL. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed CCR4 expression in FL HSPCs. To identify sources of CCL17 and CCL22, we fractionated FL into various cell types and found that Ccl17 and Ccl22 were predominantly expressed in HPCs/matured HCs. In vitro cell migration analysis confirmed enhanced HSPC migration in the presence of HPCs/matured HCs. Furthermore, exo-utero injection of anti-CCR4 neutralizing antibody into pregnant mice significantly reduced the number of FL HSPCs in embryos. These data demonstrate a paracrine mechanism by which HSPC migration/retention is regulated by CCL17 and CCL22 secreted from HPCs or matured HCs in FL.
Collapse
|
12
|
TGF-β1 promoted the infection of bovine mammary epithelial cells by Staphylococcus aureus through increasing expression of cells' fibronectin and integrin β1. Vet Microbiol 2019; 237:108420. [PMID: 31585649 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis is a disease that affects dairy cattle and causes a decline in milk quality as well as economic loss worldwide. TGF-β1 levels are usually increased during mastitis; however, it is unknown whether TGF-β1 is involved in bovine mastitis. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of TGF-β1 on the susceptibility of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The results revealed that S. aureus adhesion to and invasion of BMECs was significantly increased after cells were treated with TGF-β1. Adhesion of S. aureus to BMECs was increased dramatically by upregulation of fibronectin (Fn) and integrin β1 (ITGB1), while the increase in the susceptibility of BMECs to S. aureus was blocked by specific antibodies against either Fn or ITGB1. These results indicated that adhesion and invasion were increased by TGF-β1-induced upregulation of both Fn and ITGB1. Furthermore, TGF-β1 treatment prior to S. aureus infection significantly increased S. aureus colonization as well as Fn and ITGB1 expression in the mammary glands of mice. These results suggest that TGF-β1 promoted the expression of Fn and ITGB1 on the surface of BMECs and contributed to mammary gland infection in vitro and in vivo. The results of this study imply that Fn and ITGB1 may be useful therapeutic targets for the treatment of mastitis in dairy cows.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ayakannu R, Abdullah NA, Radhakrishnan AK, Lechimi Raj V, Liam CK. Relationship between various cytokines implicated in asthma. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:755-763. [PMID: 31054782 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disorder involving immunologic, environmental, genetic and other factors. Today, asthma is the most common disease encountered in clinical medicine in both children and adults worldwide. Asthma is characterized by increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchial tree resulting in chronic swelling and inflammation of the airways recognized to be controlled by the T-helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes, which secrete cytokines to increase the production of IgE by B cells. There are many cytokines implicated in the development of the chronic inflammatory processes that are often observed in asthma. Ultimately, these cytokines cause the release of mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes (LT), which in turn promote airway remodeling, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and bronchoconstriction. The CD4+ T-lymphocytes from the airways of asthmatics express a panel of cytokines that represent the Th2 cells. The knowledge derived from numerous experimental and clinical studies have allowed physicians and scientists to understand the normal functions of these cytokines and their roles in the pathogenesis of asthma. The main focus of this review is to accentuate the relationship between various cytokines implicated in human asthma. However, some key findings from animal models will be highlighted to support the discoveries from clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rathimalar Ayakannu
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N A Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ammu K Radhakrishnan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vijaya Lechimi Raj
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - C K Liam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mahony CB, Bertrand JY. How HSCs Colonize and Expand in the Fetal Niche of the Vertebrate Embryo: An Evolutionary Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:34. [PMID: 30915333 PMCID: PMC6422921 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can self-renew, establish the entire blood system and represent the basis of regenerative medicine applied to hematological disorders. Clinical use of HSCs is however limited by their inefficient expansion ex vivo, creating a need to further understand HSC expansion in vivo. After embryonic HSCs are born from the hemogenic endothelium, they migrate to the embryonic/fetal niche, where the future adult HSC pool is established by considerable expansion. This takes place at different anatomical sites and is controlled by numerous signals. HSCs then migrate to their adult niche, where they are maintained throughout adulthood. Exactly how HSC expansion is controlled during embryogenesis remains to be characterized and is an important step to improve the therapeutic use of HSCs. We will review the current knowledge of HSC expansion in the different fetal niches across several model organisms and highlight possible clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Mahony
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Y Bertrand
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Analysis of Hematopoietic Niche in the Mouse Embryo. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 30671734 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2018_176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The development, differentiation, and maturation of hematopoietic cells are regulated by the intrinsic and extrinsic regulation. Intrinsic activity is affected by cell autonomous gene expression and extrinsic factors originate from the so-called niche surrounding the hematopoietic cells. It remains unclear why the hematopoietic sites are shifted during embryogenesis. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry enable us to study embryonic regulation of hematopoietic niche in the mouse embryo.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ayabe H, Anada T, Kamoya T, Sato T, Kimura M, Yoshizawa E, Kikuchi S, Ueno Y, Sekine K, Camp JG, Treutlein B, Ferguson A, Suzuki O, Takebe T, Taniguchi H. Optimal Hypoxia Regulates Human iPSC-Derived Liver Bud Differentiation through Intercellular TGFB Signaling. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:306-316. [PMID: 30033085 PMCID: PMC6092760 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Timely controlled oxygen (O2) delivery is crucial for the developing liver. However, the influence of O2 on intercellular communication during hepatogenesis is unclear. Using a human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived liver bud (hiPSC-LB) model, we found hypoxia induced with an O2-permeable plate promoted hepatic differentiation accompanied by TGFB1 and TGFB3 suppression. Conversely, extensive hypoxia generated with an O2-non-permeable plate elevated TGFBs and cholangiocyte marker expression. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that TGFB1 and TGFB3 are primarily expressed in the human liver mesenchyme and endothelium similar to in the hiPSC-LBs. Stromal cell-specific RNA interferences indicated the importance of TGFB signaling for hepatocytic differentiation in hiPSC-LB. Consistently, during mouse liver development, the Hif1a-mediated developmental hypoxic response is positively correlated with TGFB1 expression. These data provide insights into the mechanism that hypoxia-stimulated signals in mesenchyme and endothelium, likely through TGFB1, promote hepatoblast differentiation prior to fetal circulation establishment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ayabe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takahisa Anada
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takuo Kamoya
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sato
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masaki Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Emi Yoshizawa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shunyuu Kikuchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Ueno
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sekine
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - J Gray Camp
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Autumn Ferguson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen K, Chen W, Liu SL, Wu TS, Yu KF, Qi J, Wang Y, Yao H, Huang XY, Han Y, Hou P. Epigallocatechingallate attenuates myocardial injury in a mouse model of heart failure through TGF‑β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7652-7660. [PMID: 29620209 PMCID: PMC5983962 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the protective effect of epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) against myocardial injury in a mouse model of heart failure and to determine the mechanism underlying regulation of the transforming growth factor-β1/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (TGF-β1/Smad3) signaling pathway. Mouse models of heart failure were established. Alterations in ejection fraction, left ventricular internal diastolic diameter (LVIDd) and left ventricular internal systolic diameter (LVIDs) were measured by echocardiography. Pathological alterations of myocardial tissue were determined by hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson staining. The levels of serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal-proBNP, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were detected with ELISA. Expression of collagen I, collagen III were detected by western blotting and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Smad3, phosphorylated (p)-Smad3, apoptosis regulator BAX (Bax), caspase-3 and apoptosis regulator Bcl2 in mouse cardiac tissue were measured by western blotting. P-smad3 and TGF-β1 were measured by immunofluorescence staining. EGCG reversed the alterations in LVIDd and LVIDs induced by establishment of the model of heart failure, increased ejection fraction, inhibited myocardial fibrosis, attenuated the oxidative stress, inflammatory and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and lowered the expression levels of collagen I and collagen III. Following treatment with TGF-β1 inhibitor, the protective effect of EGCG against heart failure was attenuated. The results of the present study demonstrated that EGCG can inhibit the progression and development of heart failure in mice through inhibition of myocardial fibrosis and reduction of ventricular collagen remodeling. This protective effect of EGCG is likely mediated through inhibition of TGF-β1/smad3 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Shi Li Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Tian Shi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Kai Feng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Cardiology, Jinqiu Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Ping Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Megakaryocyte ontogeny: Clinical and molecular significance. Exp Hematol 2018; 61:1-9. [PMID: 29501467 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fetal megakaryocytes (Mks) differ from adult Mks in key parameters that affect their capacity for platelet production. However, despite being smaller, more proliferative, and less polyploid, fetal Mks generally mature in the same manner as adult Mks. The phenotypic features unique to fetal Mks predispose patients to several disease conditions, including infantile thrombocytopenia, infantile megakaryoblastic leukemias, and poor platelet recovery after umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantations. Ontogenic Mk differences also affect new strategies being developed to address global shortages of platelet transfusion units. These donor-independent, ex vivo production platforms are hampered by the limited proliferative capacity of adult-type Mks and the inferior platelet production by fetal-type Mks. Understanding the molecular programs that distinguish fetal versus adult megakaryopoiesis will help in improving approaches to these clinical problems. This review summarizes the phenotypic differences between fetal and adult Mks, the disease states associated with fetal megakaryopoiesis, and recent advances in the understanding of mechanisms that determine ontogenic Mk transitions.
Collapse
|
19
|
Tan KS, Kulkeaw K, Nakanishi Y, Sugiyama D. Expression of cytokine and extracellular matrix mRNAs in fetal hepatic stellate cells. Genes Cells 2017; 22:836-844. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keai Sinn Tan
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Kasem Kulkeaw
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakanishi
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research; Kyushu University Hospital; Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research; Kyushu University Hospital; Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
- Department of Clinical Study, Center for Advanced Medical Innovation; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yumine A, Fraser ST, Sugiyama D. Regulation of the embryonic erythropoietic niche: a future perspective. Blood Res 2017; 52:10-17. [PMID: 28401096 PMCID: PMC5383581 DOI: 10.5045/br.2017.52.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of red blood cells, termed erythropoiesis, occurs in two waves in the developing mouse embryo: first primitive erythropoiesis followed by definitive erythropoiesis. In the mouse embryo, both primitive and definitive erythropoiesis originates in the extra-embryonic yolk sac. The definitive wave then migrates to the fetal liver, fetal spleen and fetal bone marrow as these organs form. The fetal liver serves as the major organ for hematopoietic cell expansion and erythroid maturation after mid-gestation. The erythropoietic niche, which expresses critical cytokines such as stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO) and the insulin-like growth factors IGF1 and IGF2, supports hematopoietic expansion in the fetal liver. Previously, our group demonstrated that DLK1+ hepatoblasts support fetal liver hematopoiesis through erythropoietin and SCF release as well as extracellular matrix deposition. Loss of DLK1+ hepatoblasts in Map2k4−/− mouse embryos resulted in decreased numbers of hematopoietic cells in fetal liver. Genes encoding proteinases and peptidases were found to be highly expressed in DLK1+ hepatoblasts. Capitalizing on this knowledge, and working on the assumption that these proteinases and peptidases are generating small, potentially biologically active peptides, we assessed a range of peptides for their ability to support erythropoiesis in vitro. We identified KS-13 (PCT/JP2010/067011) as an erythropoietic peptide-a peptide which enhances the production of red blood cells from progenitor cells. Here, we discuss the elements regulating embryonic erythropoiesis with special attention to niche cells, and demonstrate how this knowledge can be applied in the identification of niche-derived peptides with potential therapeutic capability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Yumine
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Stuart T Fraser
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.; Disciplines of Physiology, Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sugiyama D, Joshi A, Kulkeaw K, Tan KS, Yokoo-Inoue T, Mizuochi-Yanagi C, Yasuda K, Doi A, Iino T, Itoh M, Nagao-Sato S, Tani K, Akashi K, Hayashizaki Y, Suzuki H, Kawaji H, Carninci P, Forrest ARR. A Transcriptional Switch Point During Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Ontogeny. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:314-327. [PMID: 27848279 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During mammalian embryogenesis, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) originate from mesoderm-derived endothelial cells in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region and placenta (PL). Later, HSPCs expand in fetal liver (FL) and migrate to bone marrow (BM) shortly before birth. Understanding global transcriptional regulation governing HSPC emergence from embryonic stem/induced pluripotent stem cells is necessary to devise clinical applications, such as novel transplantation approaches. In this study, to assess transcriptional dynamics during development, we performed cap analysis of gene expression on 10 developmental murine HSPC populations isolated from the AGM region, PL, FL, and BM and identified 15,681 transcripts across HSPC ontogeny. We performed microarray analysis of AGM-derived HSPCs at 9.5 and 10.5 days postcoitum (dpc) and identified 40 differentially expressed genes, 23 confirmed as significantly changed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. We conclude that a transcriptional switch point occurs in HSPC ontogeny between 9.5 and 10.5 dpc in the AGM region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sugiyama
- 1 Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan .,2 Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan .,3 Department of Clinical Study, Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Anagha Joshi
- 4 The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh , Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Kasem Kulkeaw
- 1 Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keai Sinn Tan
- 1 Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yokoo-Inoue
- 1 Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chiyo Mizuochi-Yanagi
- 1 Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Tadafumi Iino
- 3 Department of Clinical Study, Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Itoh
- 6 RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program , Yokohama, Japan .,7 RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies , Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Japan .,8 RIKEN Yokohama Institute , Omics Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nagao-Sato
- 8 RIKEN Yokohama Institute , Omics Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenzaburo Tani
- 9 Division of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- 10 Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Hayashizaki
- 6 RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program , Yokohama, Japan .,7 RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies , Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Harukazu Suzuki
- 7 RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies , Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- 6 RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program , Yokohama, Japan .,7 RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies , Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Japan .,8 RIKEN Yokohama Institute , Omics Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Piero Carninci
- 6 RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program , Yokohama, Japan .,7 RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies , Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Japan .,8 RIKEN Yokohama Institute , Omics Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Alistair R R Forrest
- 7 RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies , Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jia D, Ni YR, Zhang YQ, Rao C, Hou J, Tang HQ, Liu CB, Wu JF. SP1 and UTE1 Decoy ODNs inhibit activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells by targeting tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1. Cell Biosci 2016; 6:31. [PMID: 27175276 PMCID: PMC4863342 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-016-0094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix of hepatic fibrosis is positively correlated with tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1). Here we aimed to investigate whether TIMP1 may be down-regulated by Decoy ODNs strategy to capture transcriptional factor upstream TIMP1 element 1 (UTE1) and specificity protein 1(SP1). Results By luciferase reporter assays, we confirmed that these Decoy ODNs could influence the promoter activation of TIMP-1, α-SMA and Collagen Iα2 (COLΙα2) genes as well as the enhancer activation of TRE in HSC-T6 cells, and the combination tended to be more effective than SP1 or UTE1 Decoy ODN alone. Western blot analysis also demonstrated down-regulation of the expression of those target genes except for TGF-β. Furthermore, we observed that the viability of HSC-T6 cells at 72 h was significantly in decline in combination group. Conclusion The combination of SP1 and UTE1 Decoy ODNs treatments inhibit the activation and proliferation of HSCs more effectively than one of the Decoy ODNs through co-regulation of TIMP1 and TGF-β signal pathway but not the expression of TGF-β itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jia
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China
| | - Yi-Ran Ni
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province China
| | - Yan-Qiong Zhang
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province China
| | - Chun Rao
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China
| | - Jun Hou
- First Clinical Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China
| | - He-Qing Tang
- First Clinical Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China
| | - Chang-Bai Liu
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China
| | - Jiang-Feng Wu
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 Hubei Province China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tanaka Y, Inoue-Yokoo T, Kulkeaw K, Yanagi-Mizuochi C, Shirasawa S, Nakanishi Y, Sugiyama D. Embryonic Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Reside in Muscle before Bone Marrow Hematopoiesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138621. [PMID: 26389592 PMCID: PMC4577119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In mice, hematopoietic cells home to bone marrow from fetal liver prenatally. To elucidate mechanisms underlying homing, we performed immunohistochemistry with the hematopoietic cell marker c-Kit, and observed c-Kit(+) cells localized inside muscle surrounding bone after 14.5 days post coitum. Flow cytometric analysis showed that CD45(+) c-Kit(+) hematopoietic cells were more abundant in muscle than in bone marrow between 14.5 and 17.5 days post coitum, peaking at 16.5 days post coitum. CD45(+) c-Kit(+) cells in muscle at 16.5 days post coitum exhibited higher expression of Gata2, among several hematopoietic genes, than did fetal liver or bone marrow cells. Colony formation assays revealed that muscle hematopoietic cells possess hematopoietic progenitor activity. Furthermore, exo utero transplantation revealed that fetal liver hematopoietic progenitor cells home to muscle and then to BM. Our findings demonstrate that hematopoietic progenitor cell homing occurs earlier than previously reported and that hematopoietic progenitor cells reside in muscle tissue before bone marrow hematopoiesis occurs during mouse embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Tanaka
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka Japan
| | - Tomoko Inoue-Yokoo
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kasem Kulkeaw
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Senji Shirasawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakanishi
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Laperle A, Hsiao C, Lampe M, Mortier J, Saha K, Palecek SP, Masters KS. α-5 Laminin Synthesized by Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Promotes Self-Renewal. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:195-206. [PMID: 26235893 PMCID: PMC4618661 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Substrate composition significantly impacts human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) self-renewal and differentiation, but relatively little is known about the role of endogenously produced extracellular matrix (ECM) components in regulating hPSC fates. Here we identify α-5 laminin as a signature ECM component endogenously synthesized by undifferentiated hPSCs cultured on defined substrates. Inducible shRNA knockdown and Cas9-mediated disruption of the LAMA5 gene dramatically reduced hPSC self-renewal and increased apoptosis without affecting the expression of pluripotency markers. Increased self-renewal and survival was restored to wild-type levels by culturing the LAMA5-deficient cells on exogenous laminin-521. Furthermore, treatment of LAMA5-deficient cells with blebbistatin or a ROCK inhibitor partially restored self-renewal and diminished apoptosis. These results demonstrate that endogenous α-5 laminin promotes hPSC self-renewal in an autocrine and paracrine manner. This finding has implications for understanding how stem cells dynamically regulate their microenvironment to promote self-renewal and provides guidance for efforts to design substrates for stem cell bioprocessing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Laperle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Cheston Hsiao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michael Lampe
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jaime Mortier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Krishanu Saha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kristyn S Masters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Making Blood: The Haematopoietic Niche throughout Ontogeny. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:571893. [PMID: 26113865 PMCID: PMC4465740 DOI: 10.1155/2015/571893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately one-quarter of all cells in the adult human body are blood cells. The haematopoietic system is therefore massive in scale and requires exquisite regulation to be maintained under homeostatic conditions. It must also be able to respond when needed, such as during infection or following blood loss, to produce more blood cells. Supporting cells serve to maintain haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells during homeostatic and pathological conditions. This coalition of supportive cell types, organised in specific tissues, is termed the haematopoietic niche. Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are generated in a number of distinct locations during mammalian embryogenesis. These stem and progenitor cells migrate to a variety of anatomical locations through the conceptus until finally homing to the bone marrow shortly before birth. Under stress, extramedullary haematopoiesis can take place in regions that are typically lacking in blood-producing activity. Our aim in this review is to examine blood production throughout the embryo and adult, under normal and pathological conditions, to identify commonalities and distinctions between each niche. A clearer understanding of the mechanism underlying each haematopoietic niche can be applied to improving ex vivo cultures of haematopoietic stem cells and potentially lead to new directions for transplantation medicine.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang K, Zhang YQ, Ai WB, Hu QT, Zhang QJ, Wan LY, Wang XL, Liu CB, Wu JF. Hes1, an important gene for activation of hepatic stellate cells, is regulated by Notch1 and TGF-β/BMP signaling. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:878-887. [PMID: 25624721 PMCID: PMC4299340 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i3.878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the role of Notch1 and Hes1 in regulating the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and whether Hes1 is regulated by transforming growth factor (TGF)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling.
METHODS: Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and the myofibroblastic marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) after freshly isolated, normal rat HSCs had been activated in culture for different numbers of days (0, 1, 3, 7 and 10 d). The expression of α-SMA, collagen1α2 (COL1α2), Notch receptors (Notch1-4), and the Notch target genes Hes1 and Hey1 were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Luciferase reporter assays and Western blot were used to study the regulation of α-SMA, COL1α1, COL1α2 and Hes1 by NICD1, Hes1, CA-ALK3, and CA-ALK5 in HSC-T6 cells. Moreover, the effects of inhibiting Hes1 function in HSC-T6 cells using a Hes1 decoy were also investigated.
RESULTS: The expression of Notch1 and Hes1 mRNAs was significantly down-regulated during the culture of freshly isolated HSCs. In HSC-T6 cells, Notch1 inhibited the promoter activities of α-SMA, COL1α1 and COL1α2. On the other hand, Hes1 enhanced the promoter activities of α-SMA and COL1α2, and this effect could be blocked by inhibiting Hes1 function with a Hes1 decoy. Furthermore, co-transfection of pcDNA3-CA-ALK3 (BMP signaling activin receptor-like kinase 3) and pcDNA3.1-NICD1 further increased the expression of Hes1 compared with transfection of either vector alone in HSC-T6 cells, while pcDNA3-CA-ALK5 (TGF-β signaling activin receptor-like kinase 5) reduced the effect of NICD1 on Hes1 expression.
CONCLUSION: Selective interruption of Hes1 or maintenance of Hes1 at a reasonable level decreases the promoter activities of α-SMA and COL1α2, and these conditions may provide an anti-fibrotic strategy against hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I/metabolism
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genes, Reporter
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/metabolism
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/pathology
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Myofibroblasts/metabolism
- Myofibroblasts/pathology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Transcription Factor HES-1
- Transfection
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
Collapse
|
27
|
Yang P, Markowitz GJ, Wang XF. The hepatitis B virus-associated tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma. Natl Sci Rev 2014; 1:396-412. [PMID: 25741453 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwu038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to a majority of cancer types, the initiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is intimately associated with a chronically diseased liver tissue, with one of the most prevalent etiological factors being hepatitis B virus (HBV). Transformation of the liver in HBV-associated HCC often follows from or accompanies long-term symptoms of chronic hepatitis, inflammation and cirrhosis, and viral load is a strong predictor for both incidence and progression of HCC. Besides aiding in transformation, HBV plays a crucial role in modulating the accumulation and activation of both cellular components of the microenvironment, such as immune cells and fibroblasts, and non-cellular components of the microenvironment, such as cytokines and growth factors, markedly influencing disease progression and prognosis. This review will explore some of these components and mechanisms to demonstrate both underlying themes and the inherent complexity of these interacting systems in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of HBV-positive HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA ; CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Geoffrey J Markowitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Molecular pathways governing development of vascular endothelial cells from ES/iPS cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 9:586-98. [PMID: 23765563 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-013-9450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Assembly of complex vascular networks occurs in numerous biological systems through morphogenetic processes such as vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. Pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can differentiate into any cell type, including endothelial cells (ECs), and have been extensively used as in vitro models to analyze molecular mechanisms underlying EC generation and differentiation. The emergence of these promising new approaches suggests that ECs could be used in clinical therapy. Much evidence suggests that ES/iPS cell differentiation into ECs in vitro mimics the in vivo vascular morphogenic process. Through sequential steps of maturation, ECs derived from ES/iPS cells can be further differentiated into arterial, venous, capillary and lymphatic ECs, as well as smooth muscle cells. Here, we review EC development from ES/iPS cells with special attention to molecular pathways functioning in EC specification.
Collapse
|
29
|
Sugiyama D, Sasaki T. Isolation of embryonic hematopoietic niche cells by flow cytometry and laser capture microdissection. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1035:57-65. [PMID: 23959982 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-508-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can differentiate into several types of hematopoietic cells, such as erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, or macrophages, and also undergo self-renewal to sustain hematopoiesis throughout an organism's lifetime. HSCs emerge and expand during mouse embryogenesis. HSC regulation is governed by two types of activity: intrinsic activity programmed primarily by cell autonomous gene expression, and extrinsic factors, which originate from the so-called niche cells surrounding HSCs. Previously, we reported that endothelial niche cells regulate HSC generation at aorta-gonad-mesonephros region and placenta, and that hepatoblastic niche cells regulate HSC differentiation in mouse embryonic liver. In the course of those studies, we employed immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and the laser capture microdissection system to assess embryonic regulation of the mouse hematopoietic niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sugiyama
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Advanced Medical Initiatives, Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|