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Embo-Ibouanga AW, Nguyen M, Joly JP, Coustets M, Augereau JM, Paloque L, Vanthuyne N, Bikanga R, Robert A, Benoit-Vical F, Audran G, Mellet P, Boissier J, Marque SRA. Peptide-Alkoxyamine Drugs: An Innovative Approach to Fight Schistosomiasis: "Digging Their Graves with Their Forks". Pathogens 2024; 13:482. [PMID: 38921780 PMCID: PMC11206678 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The expansion of drug resistant parasites sheds a serious concern on several neglected parasitic diseases. Our recent results on cancer led us to envision the use of peptide-alkoxyamines as a highly selective and efficient new drug against schistosome adult worms, the etiological agents of schistosomiasis. Indeed, the peptide tag of the hybrid compounds can be hydrolyzed by worm's digestive enzymes to afford a highly labile alkoxyamine which homolyzes spontaneously and instantaneously into radicals-which are then used as a drug against Schistosome adult parasites. This approach is nicely summarized as digging their graves with their forks. Several hybrid peptide-alkoxyamines were prepared and clearly showed an activity: two of the tested compounds kill 50% of the parasites in two hours at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. Importantly, the peptide and alkoxyamine fragments that are unable to generate alkyl radicals display no activity. This strong evidence validates the proposed mechanism: a specific activation of the prodrugs by the parasite proteases leading to parasite death through in situ alkyl radical generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ange W. Embo-Ibouanga
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, UMR 7273, Case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, CEDEX 20, 13397 Marseille, France; (A.W.E.-I.); (J.-P.J.)
| | - Michel Nguyen
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC-CNRS) and, New Antimalarial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches (MAAP), Inserm ERL 1289, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France; (M.N.); (M.C.); (J.-M.A.); (L.P.); (A.R.); (F.B.-V.)
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Patrick Joly
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, UMR 7273, Case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, CEDEX 20, 13397 Marseille, France; (A.W.E.-I.); (J.-P.J.)
| | - Mathilde Coustets
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC-CNRS) and, New Antimalarial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches (MAAP), Inserm ERL 1289, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France; (M.N.); (M.C.); (J.-M.A.); (L.P.); (A.R.); (F.B.-V.)
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Michel Augereau
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC-CNRS) and, New Antimalarial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches (MAAP), Inserm ERL 1289, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France; (M.N.); (M.C.); (J.-M.A.); (L.P.); (A.R.); (F.B.-V.)
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Paloque
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC-CNRS) and, New Antimalarial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches (MAAP), Inserm ERL 1289, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France; (M.N.); (M.C.); (J.-M.A.); (L.P.); (A.R.); (F.B.-V.)
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille ISM2, Case 531, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, CEDEX 20, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Raphaël Bikanga
- Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, LASNSOM, Franceville BP 901, Gabon;
| | - Anne Robert
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC-CNRS) and, New Antimalarial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches (MAAP), Inserm ERL 1289, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France; (M.N.); (M.C.); (J.-M.A.); (L.P.); (A.R.); (F.B.-V.)
| | - Françoise Benoit-Vical
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC-CNRS) and, New Antimalarial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches (MAAP), Inserm ERL 1289, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France; (M.N.); (M.C.); (J.-M.A.); (L.P.); (A.R.); (F.B.-V.)
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Gérard Audran
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, UMR 7273, Case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, CEDEX 20, 13397 Marseille, France; (A.W.E.-I.); (J.-P.J.)
| | - Philippe Mellet
- Magnetic Resonance of Biological Systems, UMR 5536 CNRS-University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Leo Saignat, CEDEX, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, 146 rue Leo Saignat, CEDEX, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérôme Boissier
- IHPE, CNRS, Ifremer, University Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Sylvain R. A. Marque
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, UMR 7273, Case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, CEDEX 20, 13397 Marseille, France; (A.W.E.-I.); (J.-P.J.)
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Adegunloye AP, Adebayo JO. Piperine Enhances Antimalarial Activity of Methyl Gallate and Palmatine Combination. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:1244-1252. [PMID: 38705947 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Artemisinin combination therapies, the first-line antimalarials in Nigeria, have reportedly suffered multiple failures in malaria treatment, hence the search for novel combination of other compounds. Methyl gallate and palmatine have been reported to exhibit antiplasmodial activities but the antimalarial activity of their combination has not been evaluated. Therefore, the evaluation of the combination of methyl gallate and palmatine for antimalarial activity in vitro and in vivo in the presence of piperine was carried out. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inhibitory potential of methyl gallate and palmatine combination on β-hematin (hemozoin) formation was studied in vitro. Also, the antimalarial activity of methyl gallate and palmatine combination with/without a bioenhancer (piperine) was evaluated in Plasmodium berghei NK65-infected mice. RESULTS Methyl gallate and palmatine in the ratio 3:2 acted synergistically in vitro and had the highest inhibitory effect (IC50 = 0.73 µg/mL) on β-hematin (hemozoin) formation. The 3:2 combination of methyl gallate and palmatine exhibited no antimalarial activity in vivo in the absence of piperine but caused reduction in parasitemia that exceeded 40% in the presence of piperine at the dose of 25 mg/kg body weight on days 6 and 8 post-inoculation in mice. CONCLUSION The 3:2 combination of methyl gallate and palmatine in the presence of piperine exhibited antimalarial activity in vivo, possibly by synergistic inhibition of hemozoin formation which may cause accumulation of haem within the food vacuole of Plasmodium spp. and its death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adegbenro P Adegunloye
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Joseph O Adebayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
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Slavkovic S, Shoara AA, Kaiyum YA, Churcher ZR, Liu T, Simine L, Johnson PE. Amodiaquine Nonspecifically Binds Double Stranded and Three-Way Junction DNA Structures. Chembiochem 2024:e202400116. [PMID: 38668388 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The 4-aminoquinoline class of compounds includes the important antimalarial compounds amodiaquine and chloroquine. Despite their medicinal importance, the mode of action of these compounds is poorly understood. In a previous study we observed these compounds, as well as quinine and mefloquine, tightly bind the DNA cocaine-binding aptamer. Here, we further explore the range of nucleic acid structures bound by these compounds. To gauge a wide range of binding affinities, we used isothermal titration calorimetry to explore high affinity binding (nM to tens of μM) and NMR spectroscopy to assay weak binding biding in the hundreds of micromolar range. We find that amodiaquine tightly binds all double stranded DNA structures explored. Mefloquine binds double stranded DNA duplex molecules tightly and weakly associates with a three-way junction DNA construct. Quinine and chloroquine only weakly bind duplex DNA but do not tightly bind any of the DNA constructs explored. A simulation of the free energy of binding of these ligands to the Dickerson-Drew dodecamer resulted in an excellent agreement between the simulated and experimental free energy. These results provide new insight into the DNA binding of clinically important antimalarial compounds and may play a role in future development of new antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sladjana Slavkovic
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Aron A Shoara
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Yunus A Kaiyum
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Zachary R Churcher
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 0B8
| | - Lena Simine
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 0B8
| | - Philip E Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
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4
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Omorou R, Delabie B, Lavoignat A, Chaker V, Bonnot G, Traore K, Bienvenu AL, Picot S. Nanoparticle tracking analysis of natural hemozoin from Plasmodium parasites. Acta Trop 2024; 250:107105. [PMID: 38135133 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemozoin is a byproduct of hemoglobin digestion crucial for parasite survival. It forms crystals that can be of interest as drug targets or biomarkers of malaria infection. However, hemozoin has long been considered as an amorphous crystal of simple morphology. Studying the consequences of biomineralization of this crystal during the parasite growth may provide more comprehensive evidence of its role during malaria. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the interest of nanoparticles tracker analysis for measuring the concentration and size of hemozoin particles produced from different parasite sources and conditions. METHODS Hemozoin was extracted from several clones of Plasmodium falciparum both asexual and sexual parasites. Hemozoin was also extracted from blood samples of malaria patients and from saliva of asymptomatic malaria carriers. Nanoparticles tracking analysis (NTA) was performed to assess the size and concentration of hemozoin. RESULTS NTA data showed variation in hemozoin concentration, size, and crystal clusters between parasite clones, species, and stages. Among parasite clones, hemozoin concentration ranged from 131 to 2663 particles/infected red blood cell (iRBC) and size ranged from 149.6 ± 6.3 nm to 234.8 ± 40.1 nm. The mean size was lower for Plasmodium vivax (176 ± 79.2 nm) than for Plasmodium falciparum (254.8 ± 74.0 nm). Sexual NF54 parasites showed a 7.5-fold higher concentration of hemozoin particles (28.7 particles/iRBC) compared to asexual parasites (3.8 particles/iRBC). In addition, the mean hemozoin size also increased by approximately 60 % for sexual parasites. Compared to in vitro cultures of parasites, blood samples showed low hemozoin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the potential of NTA as a useful method for analyzing hemozoin, demonstrating its ability to provide detailed information on hemozoin characterization. However, further research is needed to adapt the NTA for hemozoin analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roukayatou Omorou
- Malaria Research Unit, UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE, University Lyon1, University Lyon, Villeurbanne 69100, France.
| | - Blanche Delabie
- Malaria Research Unit, UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE, University Lyon1, University Lyon, Villeurbanne 69100, France
| | - Adeline Lavoignat
- Malaria Research Unit, UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE, University Lyon1, University Lyon, Villeurbanne 69100, France
| | - Victorien Chaker
- Malaria Research Unit, UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE, University Lyon1, University Lyon, Villeurbanne 69100, France
| | - Guillaume Bonnot
- Malaria Research Unit, UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE, University Lyon1, University Lyon, Villeurbanne 69100, France
| | - Karim Traore
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Anne-Lise Bienvenu
- Malaria Research Unit, UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE, University Lyon1, University Lyon, Villeurbanne 69100, France; Service Pharmacie, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69004, France
| | - Stephane Picot
- Malaria Research Unit, UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE, University Lyon1, University Lyon, Villeurbanne 69100, France; Institute of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69004, France
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5
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Pance A, Ng BL, Mwikali K, Koutsourakis M, Agu C, Rouhani FJ, Montandon R, Law F, Ponstingl H, Rayner JC. Novel stem cell technologies are powerful tools to understand the impact of human factors on Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1287355. [PMID: 38173794 PMCID: PMC10762799 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1287355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum parasites have a complex life cycle, but the most clinically relevant stage of the disease is the invasion of erythrocytes and the proliferation of the parasite in the blood. The influence of human genetic traits on malaria has been known for a long time, however understanding the role of the proteins involved is hampered by the anuclear nature of erythrocytes that makes them inaccessible to genetic tools. Here we overcome this limitation using stem cells to generate erythroid cells with an in-vitro differentiation protocol and assess parasite invasion with an adaptation of flow cytometry to detect parasite hemozoin. We combine this strategy with reprogramming of patient cells to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and genome editing to understand the role of key genes and human traits in malaria infection. We show that deletion of basigin ablates invasion while deletion of ATP2B4 has a minor effect and that erythroid cells from reprogrammed patient-derived HbBart α-thalassemia samples poorly support infection. The possibility to obtain patient-secific and genetically modifed erythoid cells offers an unparalleled opportunity to study the role of human genes and polymorphisms in malaria allowing preservation of the genomic background to demonstrate their function and understand their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Pance
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Bee L. Ng
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kioko Mwikali
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Bioscience Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - Chukwuma Agu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruddy Montandon
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre of Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Law
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Julian C. Rayner
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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6
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Domes R, Frosch T. Investigations on the Novel Antimalarial Ferroquine in Biomimetic Solutions Using Deep UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7630-7639. [PMID: 37141178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Deep ultraviolet (DUV) resonance Raman experiments are performed, investigating the novel, promising antimalarial ferroquine (FQ). Two buffered aqueous solutions with pH values of 5.13 and 7.00 are used, simulating the acidic and neutral conditions inside a parasite's digestive vacuole and cytosol, respectively. To imitate the different polarities of the membranes and interior, the buffer's 1,4-dioxane content was increased. These experimental conditions should mimic the transport of the drug inside malaria-infected erythrocytes through parasitophorous membranes. Supporting density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the drug's micro-speciation were performed, which could be nicely assigned to shifts in the peak positions of resonantly enhanced high-wavenumber Raman signals at λexc = 257 nm. FQ is fully protonated in polar mixtures like the host interior and the parasite's cytoplasm or digestive vacuole (DV) and is only present as a free base in nonpolar ones, such as the host's and parasitophorous membranes. Additionally, the limit of detection (LoD) of FQ at vacuolic pH values was determined using DUV excitation wavelengths at 244 and 257 nm. By applying the resonant laser line at λexc = 257 nm, a minimal FQ concentration of 3.1 μM was detected, whereas the pre-resonant excitation wavelength 244 nm provides an LoD of 6.9 μM. These values were all up to one order of magnitude lower than the concentration found for the food vacuole of a parasitized erythrocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Domes
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Strasse 9, 07751 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Frosch
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Strasse 9, 07751 Jena, Germany
- Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering Group, Technical University Darmstadt, Merckstrasse 25, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany
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7
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Liu L, Zhang Z, Liu H, Zhu S, Zhou T, Wang C, Hu M. Identification and characterisation of the haemozoin of Haemonchus contortus. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:88. [PMID: 36879311 PMCID: PMC9990328 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most haematophagous organisms constantly suck the host's haemoglobin, which produces toxic free haem. This toxic haem aggregation into the nontoxic crystallisation complex known as haemozoin represents one of the most important detoxification pathways in living organisms, but very little is known about the features of haemozoin in parasitic nematodes. Here, we identified and characterised the haemozoin of an economically significant blood-sucking nematode, Haemonchus contortus. METHODS Using electron microscopy, spectrophotometry analyses and biochemical approaches, haemozoin crystallisation was identified and characterised in parasitic fourth-stage larvae (L4s) and/or adult worms as well as L4s of in vitro culture. RESULTS The haemozoin was formed in intestinal lipid droplets of the parasitic L4s and adult worms. The characterisation of the haemozoin showed regularly spherical structures and had a 400-nm absorption peak. Furthermore, the haemozoin in in vitro cultured L4s was associated with the culture time and concentration of red blood cells added into the medium, and its formation could be inhibited by chloroquine-derived drugs. CONCLUSIONS This work provides detailed insight into the haemozoin formation of H. contortus and should have important implications for developing novel therapeutic targets against this parasite or related haematophagous organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zongshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shengnan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Taoxun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Abstract
Ferric heme b (= ferric protoporphyrin IX = hemin) is an important prosthetic group of different types of enzymes, including the intensively investigated and widely applied horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In HRP, hemin is present in monomeric form in a hydrophobic pocket containing among other amino acid side chains the two imidazoyl groups of His170 and His42. Both amino acids are important for the peroxidase activity of HRP as an axial ligand of hemin (proximal His170) and as an acid/base catalyst (distal His42). A key feature of the peroxidase mechanism of HRP is the initial formation of compound I under heterolytic cleavage of added hydrogen peroxide as a terminal oxidant. Investigations of free hemin dispersed in aqueous solution showed that different types of hemin dimers can form, depending on the experimental conditions, possibly resulting in hemin crystallization. Although it has been recognized already in the 1970s that hemin aggregation can be prevented in aqueous solution by using micelle-forming amphiphiles, it remains a challenge to prepare hemin-containing micellar and vesicular systems with peroxidase-like activities. Such systems are of interest as cheap HRP-mimicking catalysts for analytical and synthetic applications. Some of the key concepts on which research in this fascinating and interdisciplinary field is based are summarized, along with major accomplishments and possible directions for further improvement. A systematic analysis of the physico-chemical properties of hemin in aqueous micellar solutions and vesicular dispersions must be combined with a reliable evaluation of its catalytic activity. Future studies should show how well the molecular complexity around hemin in HRP can be mimicked by using micelles or vesicles. Because of the importance of heme b in virtually all biological systems and the fact that porphyrins and hemes can be obtained under potentially prebiotic conditions, ideas exist about the possible role of heme-containing micellar and vesicular systems in prebiotic times.
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9
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Biodereplication of Antiplasmodial Extracts: Application of the Amazonian Medicinal Plant Piper coruscans Kunth. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217638. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved methodological tools to hasten antimalarial drug discovery remain of interest, especially when considering natural products as a source of drug candidates. We propose a biodereplication method combining the classical dereplication approach with the early detection of potential antiplasmodial compounds in crude extracts. Heme binding is used as a surrogate of the antiplasmodial activity and is monitored by mass spectrometry in a biomimetic assay. Molecular networking and automated annotation of targeted mass through data mining were followed by mass-guided compound isolation by taking advantage of the versatility and finely tunable selectivity offered by centrifugal partition chromatography. This biodereplication workflow was applied to an ethanolic extract of the Amazonian medicinal plant Piper coruscans Kunth (Piperaceae) showing an IC50 of 1.36 µg/mL on the 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum strain. It resulted in the isolation of twelve compounds designated as potential antiplasmodial compounds by the biodereplication workflow. Two chalcones, aurentiacin (1) and cardamonin (3), with IC50 values of 2.25 and 5.5 µM, respectively, can be considered to bear the antiplasmodial activity of the extract, with the latter not relying on a heme-binding mechanism. This biodereplication method constitutes a rapid, efficient, and robust technique to identify potential antimalarial compounds in complex extracts such as plant extracts.
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10
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Haag M, Kehrer J, Sanchez CP, Deponte M, Lanzer M. Physiological jump in erythrocyte redox potential during Plasmodium falciparum development occurs independent of the sickle cell trait. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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11
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Araújo DMF, da Cruz Filho IJ, Santos T, Pereira DTM, Marques DSC, da Conceição Alves de Lima A, de Aquino TM, de Moraes Rocha GJ, do Carmo Alves de Lima M, Nogueira F. Biological activities and physicochemical characterization of alkaline lignins obtained from branches and leaves of Buchenavia viridiflora with potential pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:224-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Gupta P, Pandey R, Thakur V, Parveen S, Kaur I, Panda A, Bishi R, Mehrotra S, Akhtar A, Gupta D, Mohmmed A, Malhotra P. Heme Detoxification Protein (
Pf
HDP
) is essential for the hemoglobin uptake and metabolism in
Plasmodium falciparum. FASEB Bioadv 2022; 4:662-674. [PMID: 36238365 PMCID: PMC9536087 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2022-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gupta
- Malaria Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India
| | - Rajan Pandey
- Translational Bioinformatics Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India
| | - Vandana Thakur
- Parasite Cell Biology Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India
| | - Sadaf Parveen
- Malaria Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- Malaria Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India
| | - Ashutosh Panda
- Malaria Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India
| | - Rashmita Bishi
- Malaria Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India
| | - Sonali Mehrotra
- Malaria Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India
| | - Asif Akhtar
- Malaria Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India
| | - Dinesh Gupta
- Translational Bioinformatics Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India
| | - Asif Mohmmed
- Parasite Cell Biology Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India
| | - Pawan Malhotra
- Malaria Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India
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13
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Leussa ANN, Rautenbach M. Antiplasmodial Cyclodecapeptides from Tyrothricin Share a Target with Chloroquine. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060801. [PMID: 35740207 PMCID: PMC9219824 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research found that the six major cyclodecapeptides from the tyrothricin complex, produced by Brevibacillus parabrevis, showed potent activity against chloroquine sensitive (CQS) Plasmodium falciparum. The identity of the aromatic residues in the aromatic dipeptide unit in cyclo-(D-Phe1-Pro2-(Phe3/Trp3)-D-Phe4/D-Trp4)-Asn5-Gln6-(Tyr7/Phe7/Trp7)-Val8-(Orn9/Lys9)-Leu10 was proposed to have an important role in activity. CQS and resistant (CQR) P. falciparum strains were challenged with three representative cyclodecapeptides. Our results confirmed that cyclodecapeptides from tyrothricin had significantly higher antiplasmodial activity than the analogous gramicidin S, rivaling that of CQ. However, the previously hypothesized size and hydrophobicity dependent activity for these peptides did not hold true for P. falciparum strains, other than for the CQS 3D7 strain. The Tyr7 in tyrocidine A (TrcA) with Phe3-D-Phe4 seem to be related with loss in activity correlating with CQ antagonism and resistance, indicating a shared target and/or resistance mechanism in which the phenolic groups play a role. Phe7 in phenycidine A, the second peptide containing Phe3-D-Phe4, also showed CQ antagonism. Conversely, Trp7 in tryptocidine C (TpcC) with Trp3-D-Trp4 showed improved peptide selectivity and activity towards the more resistant strains, without overt antagonism towards CQ. However, TpcC lead to similar parasite stage inhibition and parasite morphology changes than previously observed for TrcA. The disorganization of chromatin packing and neutral lipid structures, combined with amorphous hemozoin crystals, could account for halted growth in late trophozoite/early schizont stage and the nanomolar non-lytic activity of these peptides. These targets related to CQ antagonism, changes in neural lipid distribution, leading to hemozoin malformation, indicate that the tyrothricin cyclodecapeptides and CQ share a target in the malaria parasite. The differing activities of these cyclic peptides towards CQS and CQR P. falciparum strains could be due to variable target interaction in multiple modes of activity. This indicated that the cyclodecapeptide activity and parasite resistance response depended on the aromatic residues in positions 3, 4 and 7. This new insight on these natural cyclic decapeptides could also benefit the design of unique small peptidomimetics in which activity and resistance can be modulated.
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Perner J, Hajdusek O, Kopacek P. Independent somatic distribution of heme and iron in ticks. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 51:100916. [PMID: 35346896 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are blood-feeding ectoparasites with distinct genomic reductions, inevitably linking them to a parasitic lifestyle. Ticks have lost the genomic coding and, thus, biochemical capacity to synthesize heme, an essential metabolic cofactor, de novo. Instead, they are equipped with acquisition and distribution pathways for reuse of host heme. Unlike insects or mammals, ticks and mites cannot cleave the porphyrin ring of heme to release iron. Bioavailable iron is thus acquired by ticks from the host serum transferrin. Somatic trafficking of iron, however, is independent of heme and is mediated by a secretory type of ferritin. Heme and iron systemic homeostasis in ticks represents, therefore, key adaptive traits enabling successful feeding and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Perner
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Hajdusek
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kopacek
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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15
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dos Santos EC, Silva LS, Pinheiro AS, Teixeira DE, Peruchetti DB, Silva-Aguiar RP, Wendt CHC, Miranda KR, Coelho-de-Souza AN, Leal-Cardoso JH, Caruso-Neves C, Pinheiro AAS. The monoterpene 1,8-cineole prevents cerebral edema in a murine model of severe malaria. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268347. [PMID: 35550638 PMCID: PMC9098050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
1,8-Cineole is a naturally occurring compound found in essential oils of different plants and has well-known anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. In the present work, we aimed to investigate its potential antimalarial effect, using the following experimental models: (1) the erythrocytic cycle of Plasmodium falciparum; (2) an adhesion assay using brain microvascular endothelial cells; and (3) an experimental cerebral malaria animal model induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in susceptible mice. Using the erythrocytic cycle of Plasmodium falciparum, we characterized the schizonticidal effect of 1,8-cineole. This compound decreased parasitemia in a dose-dependent manner with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 1045.53 ± 63.30 μM. The inhibitory effect of 972 μM 1,8-cineole was irreversible and independent of parasitemia. Moreover, 1,8-cineole reduced the progression of intracellular development of the parasite over 2 cycles, inducing important morphological changes. Ultrastructure analysis revealed a massive loss of integrity of endomembranes and hemozoin crystals in infected erythrocytes treated with 1,8-cineole. The monoterpene reduced the adhesion index of infected erythrocytes to brain microvascular endothelial cells by 60%. Using the experimental cerebral malaria model, treatment of infected mice for 6 consecutive days with 100 mg/kg/day 1,8-cineole reduced cerebral edema with a 50% reduction in parasitemia. Our data suggest a potential antimalarial effect of 1,8-cineole with an impact on the parasite erythrocytic cycle and severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgleyson C. dos Santos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Leandro S. Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandro S. Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Douglas E. Teixeira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diogo B. Peruchetti
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P. Silva-Aguiar
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila H. C. Wendt
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kildare R. Miranda
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Celso Caruso-Neves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Acacia S. Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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16
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Fischer S, Stegmann F, Gnanapragassam VS, Lepenies B. From structure to function – Ligand recognition by myeloid C-type lectin receptors. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:5790-5812. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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17
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Baptista V, Costa MS, Calçada C, Silva M, Gil JP, Veiga MI, Catarino SO. The Future in Sensing Technologies for Malaria Surveillance: A Review of Hemozoin-Based Diagnosis. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3898-3911. [PMID: 34735120 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Early and effective malaria diagnosis is vital to control the disease spread and to prevent the emergence of severe cases and death. Currently, malaria diagnosis relies on optical microscopy and immuno-rapid tests; however, these require a drop of blood, are time-consuming, or are not specific and sensitive enough for reliable detection of low-level parasitaemia. Thus, there is an urge for simpler, prompt, and accurate alternative diagnostic methods. Particularly, hemozoin has been increasingly recognized as an attractive biomarker for malaria detection. As the disease proliferates, parasites digest host hemoglobin, in the process releasing toxic haem that is detoxified into an insoluble crystal, the hemozoin, which accumulates along with infection progression. Given its magnetic, optical, and acoustic unique features, hemozoin has been explored for new label-free diagnostic methods. Thereby, herein, we review the hemozoin-based malaria detection methods and critically discuss their challenges and potential for the development of an ideal diagnostic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Baptista
- Microelectromechanical Systems Research Unit (CMEMS-UMinho), School of Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s − PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mariana S. Costa
- Microelectromechanical Systems Research Unit (CMEMS-UMinho), School of Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carla Calçada
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s − PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s − PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - José Pedro Gil
- Stockholm Malaria Center, Department of Microbiology and Tumour Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Isabel Veiga
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s − PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Susana O. Catarino
- Microelectromechanical Systems Research Unit (CMEMS-UMinho), School of Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
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18
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Simmons WR, Wain L, Toker J, Jagadeesh J, Garrett LJ, Pek RH, Hamza I, Bodine DM. Normal Iron Homeostasis Requires the Transporter SLC48A1 for Efficient Heme-Iron Recycling in Mammals. Front Genome Ed 2021; 2:8. [PMID: 34713217 PMCID: PMC8525403 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals over 65% of the total body iron is located within erythrocytes in the heme moieties of hemoglobin. Iron homeostasis requires iron absorbed from the diet by the gut as well as recycling of iron after the destruction of senescent erythrocytes. Senescent erythrocytes are engulfed by reticuloendothelial system macrophages where hemoglobin is broken down in the lysosomes, releasing heme for iron recovery in the cytoplasm. We recently showed that the SLC48A1 protein is responsible for transporting heme from the lysosome to the cytoplasm. CRISPR generated SLC48A1-deficient mice accumulate heme in their reticuloendothelial system macrophages as hemozoin crystals. Here we describe additional features of SLC48A1-deficient mice. We show that visible hemozoin first appears in the reticuloendothelial system macrophages of SLC48A1-deficient mice at 8 days of age, indicating the onset of erythrocyte recycling. Evaluation of normal and SLC48A1-deficient mice on iron-controlled diets show that SLC48A1-mediated iron recycling is equivalent to at least 10 parts per million of dietary iron. We propose that mutations in human SLC48A1 could contribute to idiopathic iron disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Simmons
- Hematopoiesis Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lily Wain
- Hematopoiesis Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joseph Toker
- Hematopoiesis Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jaya Jagadeesh
- Hematopoiesis Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lisa J Garrett
- National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenic Mouse Core Facility, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rini H Pek
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Iqbal Hamza
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - David M Bodine
- Hematopoiesis Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Bethesda, MD, United States
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19
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Scott AF, Deery E, Lawrence AD, Warren MJ. Plasmodium falciparum hydroxymethylbilane synthase does not house any cosynthase activity within the haem biosynthetic pathway. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2021; 167. [PMID: 34661520 PMCID: PMC8698207 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Uroporphyrinogen III, the universal progenitor of macrocyclic, modified tetrapyrroles, is produced from aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) by a conserved pathway involving three enzymes: porphobilinogen synthase (PBGS), hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HmbS) and uroporphyrinogen III synthase (UroS). The gene encoding uroporphyrinogen III synthase has not yet been identified in Plasmodium falciparum, but it has been suggested that this activity is housed inside a bifunctional hybroxymethylbilane synthase (HmbS). Additionally, an unknown protein encoded by PF3D7_1247600 has also been predicted to possess UroS activity. In this study it is demonstrated that neither of these proteins possess UroS activity and the real UroS remains to be identified. This was demonstrated by the failure of codon-optimized genes to complement a defined Escherichia coli hemD− mutant (SASZ31) deficient in UroS activity. Furthermore, HPLC analysis of the oxidized reaction product from recombinant, purified P. falciparum HmbS showed that only uroporphyrin I could be detected (corresponding to hydroxymethylbilane production). No uroporphyrin III was detected, showing that P. falciparum HmbS does not have UroS activity and can only catalyze the formation of hydroxymethylbilane from porphobilinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan F. Scott
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
- Present address: School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
- *Correspondence: Alan F. Scott,
| | - Evelyne Deery
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Andrew D. Lawrence
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Martin J. Warren
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
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20
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Verma L, Vekilov PG, Palmer JC. Solvent Structure and Dynamics near the Surfaces of β-Hematin Crystals. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:11264-11274. [PMID: 34609878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hematin crystallization, which is an essential component of the physiology of malaria parasites and the most successful target for antimalarial drugs, proceeds in mixed organic-aqueous solvents both in vivo and in vitro. Here we employ molecular dynamics simulations to examine the structuring and dynamics of a water-normal octanol mixture (a solvent that mimics the environment hosting hematin crystallization in vivo) in the vicinity of the typical faces in the habit of a hematin crystal. The simulations reveal that the properties of the solvent in the layer adjacent to the crystal are strongly impacted by the distinct chemical and topological features presented by each crystal face. The solvent organizes into at least three distinct layers. We also show that structuring of the solvent near the different faces of β-hematin strongly impacts the interfacial dynamics. The relaxation time of n-octanol molecules is longest in the contact layers and correlates with the degree of structural ordering at the respective face. We show that the macroscopically homogeneous water-octanol solution holds clusters of water and n-octanol connected by hydrogen bonds that entrap the majority of the water but are mostly smaller than 30 water molecules. Near the crystal surface the clusters anchor on hematin carboxyl groups. These results provide a direct example that solvent structuring is not restricted to aqueous and other hydrogen-bonded solutions. Our findings illuminate two fundamental features of the mechanisms of hematin crystallization: the elongated shapes of natural and synthetic hematin crystals and the stabilization of charged groups of hematin and antimalarials by encasing in water clusters. In addition, these findings suggest that hematin crystallization may be controlled by additives that disrupt or reinforce solvent structuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laksmanji Verma
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Peter G Vekilov
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Jeremy C Palmer
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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21
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Faidah AN, Zhao H, Sun L, Cao C. Effects of elevated CO 2 treatment of Populus davidiana × P. bolleana on growth and detoxifying enzymes in gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109079. [PMID: 34015537 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To date, elevated CO2 concentrations in the environment caused by various human activities influence diverse areas of life, including the interactions between insects and plants. The Lymantria dispar is one of the most severely destructive pests, which further could inflict ecological and economical damage. In this experiment, one-year-old Populus davidiana × P. bolleana plants were grown in CO2-enhanced environments for one month at three different CO2 concentrations: 397 ppm (atmospheric CO2 concentration), 550 ppm and 750 ppm (two predicted elevated CO2 concentrations). The 3rd instar L. dispar larvae then fed on the treated poplar seedlings covered in a nylon bag. The L. dispar larvae fed on poplar seedling treated for 96 h showed the highest growth rate at all CO2 concentrations. Enzymatic activity of treated larvae showed the highest GST and P450 activity at 750 ppm CO2. The relative expressions of seven CYP and ten GST genes in L. dispar larvae were analyzed quantitatively using real-time RT-PCR, which the results were expressed variably. Compared to 397 ppm CO2, the expression of CYP4L23 was down-regulated, while the expressions of other CYP genes were up-regulated. Meanwhile, only GSTo1 gene showed down-regulated at 48 h and 96 h in 750 ppm CO2 treatment, while GST expression level for the other nine GST genes showed up-regulated at 48 h and 72 h. These results offer the insight into plant-insect interactions under global climate change and furthermore will provide essential information for strategic pest control based on biochemical and molecular levels changes in gypsy moths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arina Nur Faidah
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- Institute of Forestry Protection, Heilongjiang Forestry Academy, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chuanwang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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22
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Bhanot A, Sundriyal S. Physicochemical Profiling and Comparison of Research Antiplasmodials and Advanced Stage Antimalarials with Oral Drugs. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6424-6437. [PMID: 33718733 PMCID: PMC7948433 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To understand the property space of antimalarials, we collated a large dataset of research antiplasmodial (RAP) molecules with known in vitro potencies and advanced stage antimalarials (ASAMs) with established oral bioavailability. While RAP molecules are "non-druglike", ASAM molecules display properties closer to Lipinski's and Veber's thresholds. Comparison within the different potency groups of RAP molecules indicates that the in vitro potency is positively correlated to the molecular weight, the calculated octanol-water partition coefficient (clog P), aromatic ring counts (#Ar), and hydrogen bond acceptors. Despite both categories being bioavailable, the ASAM molecules are relatively larger and more lipophilic, have a lower polar surface area, and possess a higher count of heteroaromatic rings than oral drugs. Also, antimalarials are found to have a higher proportion of aromatic (#ArN) and basic nitrogen (#BaN) counts, features implicitly used in the design of antimalarial molecules but not well studied hitherto. We also propose using descriptors scaled by the sum of #ArN and #BaN (SBAN) to define an antimalarial property space. Together, these results may have important applications in the identification and optimization of future antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritansh Bhanot
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla
Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus,
Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan 333 031, India
| | - Sandeep Sundriyal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla
Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus,
Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan 333 031, India
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23
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Pontes KAO, Silva LS, Santos EC, Pinheiro AS, Teixeira DE, Peruchetti DB, Silva-Aguiar RP, Wendt CHC, Miranda KR, Coelho-de-Souza AN, Leal-Cardoso JH, Caruso-Neves C, Pinheiro AAS. Eugenol disrupts Plasmodium falciparum intracellular development during the erythrocytic cycle and protects against cerebral malaria. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129813. [PMID: 33321150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is a parasitic disease that compromises the human host. Currently, control of the Plasmodium falciparum burden is centered on artemisinin-based combination therapies. However, decreased sensitivity to artemisinin and derivatives has been reported, therefore it is important to identify new therapeutic strategies. METHOD We used human erythrocytes infected with P. falciparum and experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) animal model to assess the potential antimalarial effect of eugenol, a component of clove bud essential oil. RESULTS Plasmodium falciparum cultures treated with increasing concentrations of eugenol reduced parasitemia in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 of 532.42 ± 29.55 μM. This effect seems to be irreversible and maintained even in the presence of high parasitemia. The prominent effect of eugenol was detected in the evolution from schizont to ring forms, inducing important morphological changes, indicating a disruption in the development of the erythrocytic cycle. Aberrant structural modification was observed by electron microscopy, showing the separation of the two nuclear membrane leaflets as well as other subcellular membranes, such as from the digestive vacuole. Importantly, in vivo studies using ECM revealed a reduction in blood parasitemia and cerebral edema when mice were treated for 6 consecutive days upon infection. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a potential effect of eugenol against Plasmodium sp. with an impact on cerebral malaria. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide a rational basis for the use of eugenol in therapeutic strategies to the treatment of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesley A O Pontes
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Leandro S Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edgleyson C Santos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandro S Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Douglas E Teixeira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diogo B Peruchetti
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P Silva-Aguiar
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila H C Wendt
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kildare R Miranda
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem /CENABIO, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, INBEB, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/MCTIC, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Celso Caruso-Neves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, INCT-Regenera, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/MCTIC, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health - NanoSAUDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Acacia S Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health - NanoSAUDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Ortiz S, Vásquez-Ocmín PG, Cojean S, Bouzidi C, Michel S, Figadère B, Grougnet R, Boutefnouchet S, Maciuk A. Correlation study on methoxylation pattern of flavonoids and their heme-targeted antiplasmodial activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Pham TT, Lamb TJ, Deroost K, Opdenakker G, Van den Steen PE. Hemozoin in Malarial Complications: More Questions Than Answers. Trends Parasitol 2020; 37:226-239. [PMID: 33223096 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium parasites contain various virulence factors that modulate the host immune response. Malarial pigment, or hemozoin (Hz), is an undegradable crystalline product of the hemoglobin degradation pathway in the parasite and possesses immunomodulatory properties. An association has been found between Hz accumulation and severe malaria, suggesting that the effects of Hz on the host immune response may contribute to the development of malarial complications. Although the immunomodulatory roles of Hz have been widely investigated, many conflicting data exist, likely due to the variability between experimental set-ups and technical limitations of Hz generation and isolation methods. Here, we critically assess the potential immunomodulatory effects of Hz, its role in malarial complications, and its potential effects after parasite clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao-Thy Pham
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tracey J Lamb
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Katrien Deroost
- Malaria Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe E Van den Steen
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Pekarsky A, Spadiut O. Intrinsically Magnetic Cells: A Review on Their Natural Occurrence and Synthetic Generation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:573183. [PMID: 33195134 PMCID: PMC7604359 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.573183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnetization of non-magnetic cells has great potential to aid various processes in medicine, but also in bioprocess engineering. Current approaches to magnetize cells with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) require cellular uptake or adsorption through in vitro manipulation of cells. A relatively new field of research is "magnetogenetics" which focuses on in vivo production and accumulation of magnetic material. Natural intrinsically magnetic cells (IMCs) produce intracellular, MNPs, and are called magnetotactic bacteria (MTB). In recent years, researchers have unraveled function and structure of numerous proteins from MTB. Furthermore, protein engineering studies on such MTB proteins and other potentially magnetic proteins, like ferritins, highlight that in vivo magnetization of non-magnetic hosts is a thriving field of research. This review summarizes current knowledge on recombinant IMC generation and highlights future steps that can be taken to succeed in transforming non-magnetic cells to IMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
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Association of the rs562556 PCSK9 Gene Polymorphism with Reduced Mortality in Severe Malaria among Malian Children. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 2020:9340480. [PMID: 33029265 PMCID: PMC7532394 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9340480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a downmodulator of cellular uptake of blood cholesterol, also negatively impacts host immune response to microbial infection. In this study, we investigated whether carrying the loss-of-function (LOF) rs562556 (c.1420 A > G; p.I474 V) PCSK9 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) affected the outcome of severe malaria in children. Archival DNA of a cohort of 207 Malian children suffering from severe malaria was genotyped for the rs562556 SNP. Sixty-four children were either heterozygous or homozygous for the minor G allele (carriers); 143 children were homozygous for the common A allele (noncarriers). Among carriers, there was one mortality case (1.6%), compared to 15 cases (10.5%) among noncarriers (p=0.0251), suggesting that the G allele is associated with better survival in severe malaria. Intriguingly, this allele did not negatively segregate with any of the clinical symptoms linked to mortality in this cohort. Studies are needed to determine whether PCSK9 inactivation promotes a protective immune response to malaria infection.
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Wang B, Li Q, Wang J, Zhao S, Nashun B, Qin L, Chen X. Plasmodium infection inhibits tumor angiogenesis through effects on tumor-associated macrophages in a murine implanted hepatoma model. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:157. [PMID: 32972437 PMCID: PMC7513281 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in China. The lack of an effective treatment for this disease results in a high recurrence rate in patients who undergo radical tumor resection, and the 5-year survival rate of these patients remains low. Our previous studies demonstrated that Plasmodium infection provides a potent antitumor effect by inducing innate and adaptive immunity in a murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) model. Methods This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Plasmodium infection on hepatocellular carcinoma in mice, and various techniques for gene expression analysis were used to identify possible signal regulation mechanisms. Results We found that Plasmodium infection efficiently inhibited tumor progression and prolonged survival in tumor-bearing mice, which served as a murine implanted hepatoma model. The inhibition of tumor progression by Plasmodium infection was related to suppression of tumor angiogenesis within the tumor tissue and decreased infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Further study demonstrated that matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9) produced by TAMs contributed to tumor angiogenesis in the tumor tissue and that the parasite-induced reduction in MMP-9 expression in TAMs resulted in the suppression of tumor angiogenesis. A mechanistic study revealed that the Plasmodium-derived hemozoin (HZ) that accumulated in TAMs inhibited IGF-1 signaling through the PI3-K and MAPK signaling pathways and thereby decreased the expression of MMP-9 in TAMs. Conclusions Our study suggests that this novel approach of inhibiting tumor angiogenesis by Plasmodium infection is of high importance for the development of new therapies for cancer patients. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Benfan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qinyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Siting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,CAS-Lamvac Biotech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Bayaer Nashun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China. .,CAS-Lamvac Biotech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China. .,CAS-Lamvac Biotech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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Pádua TA, Souza MC. Heme on Pulmonary Malaria: Friend or Foe? Front Immunol 2020; 11:1835. [PMID: 32983096 PMCID: PMC7477073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a hemolytic disease that, in severe cases, can compromise multiple organs. Pulmonary distress is a common symptom observed in severe malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium falciparum. However, biological components involved in the development of lung malaria are poorly studied. In experimental models of pulmonary malaria, it was observed that parasitized red blood cell-congested pulmonary capillaries are related to intra-alveolar hemorrhages and inflammatory cell infiltration. Thus, it is very likely that hemolysis participates in malaria-induced acute lung injury. During malaria, heme assumes different biochemical structures such as hemin and hemozoin (biocrystallized structure of heme inside Plasmodium sp.). Each heme-derived structure triggers a different biological effect: on the one hand, hemozoin found in lung tissue is responsible for the infiltration of inflammatory cells and consequent tissue injury; on the other hand, heme stimulates heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and CO production, which protect mice from severe malaria. In this review, we discuss the biological mechanism involved in the dual role of heme response in experimental malaria-induced acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Almeida Pádua
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (Farmanguinhos), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Conceição Souza
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (Farmanguinhos), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ouali R, Valentim de Brito KC, Salmon D, Bousbata S. High-Throughput Identification of the Rhodnius prolixus Midgut Proteome Unravels a Sophisticated Hematophagic Machinery. Proteomes 2020; 8:proteomes8030016. [PMID: 32722125 PMCID: PMC7564601 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes8030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is one of the most common parasitic infections in Latin America, which is transmitted by hematophagous triatomine bugs, of which Rhodnius prolixus is the vector prototype for the study of this disease. The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of this disease, is transmitted by the vector to humans through the bite wound or mucosa. The passage of the parasite through the digestive tract of its vector constitutes a key step in its developmental cycle. Herewith, by a using high-throughput proteomic tool in order to characterize the midgut proteome of R. prolixus, we describe a set of functional groups of proteins, as well as the biological processes in which they are involved. This is the first proteomic analysis showing an elaborated hematophagy machinery involved in the digestion of blood, among which, several families of proteases have been characterized. The evaluation of the activity of cathepsin D proteases in the anterior part of the digestive tract of the insect suggested the existence of a proteolytic activity within this compartment, suggesting that digestion occurs early in this compartment. Moreover, several heat shock proteins, blood clotting inhibitors, and a powerful antioxidant enzyme machinery against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell detoxification have been identified. Highlighting the complexity and importance of the digestive physiology of insects could be a starting point for the selection of new targets for innovative control strategies of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radouane Ouali
- Proteomic Plateform, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium;
| | - Karen Caroline Valentim de Brito
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências e da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902, Brazil; (K.C.V.d.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Didier Salmon
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências e da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902, Brazil; (K.C.V.d.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Sabrina Bousbata
- Proteomic Plateform, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium;
- Correspondence:
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Liebman KM, Burgess SJ, Gunsaru B, Kelly JX, Li Y, Morrill W, Liebman MC, Peyton DH. Unsymmetrical Bisquinolines with High Potency against P. falciparum Malaria. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092251. [PMID: 32397659 PMCID: PMC7249153 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoline-based scaffolds have been the mainstay of antimalarial drugs, including many artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs), over the history of modern drug development. Although much progress has been made in the search for novel antimalarial scaffolds, it may be that quinolines will remain useful, especially if very potent compounds from this class are discovered. We report here the results of a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study assessing potential unsymmetrical bisquinoline antiplasmodial drug candidates using in vitro activity against intact parasites in cell culture. Many unsymmetrical bisquinolines were found to be highly potent against both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Further work to develop such compounds could focus on minimizing toxicities in order to find suitable candidates for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Liebman
- DesignMedix, Inc., Portland, OR 97201, USA; (K.M.L.); (S.J.B.); (W.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA; (B.G.); (J.X.K.); (M.C.L.)
| | - Steven J. Burgess
- DesignMedix, Inc., Portland, OR 97201, USA; (K.M.L.); (S.J.B.); (W.M.)
| | - Bornface Gunsaru
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA; (B.G.); (J.X.K.); (M.C.L.)
| | - Jane X. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA; (B.G.); (J.X.K.); (M.C.L.)
- Portland VA Research Foundation, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Yuexin Li
- Portland VA Research Foundation, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Westin Morrill
- DesignMedix, Inc., Portland, OR 97201, USA; (K.M.L.); (S.J.B.); (W.M.)
| | - Michael C. Liebman
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA; (B.G.); (J.X.K.); (M.C.L.)
| | - David H. Peyton
- DesignMedix, Inc., Portland, OR 97201, USA; (K.M.L.); (S.J.B.); (W.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA; (B.G.); (J.X.K.); (M.C.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-503-805-1291
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Felizatti AP, Zeraik AE, Basso LG, Kumagai PS, Lopes JL, Wallace B, Araujo AP, DeMarco R. Interactions of amphipathic α-helical MEG proteins from Schistosoma mansoni with membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Abstract
Malaria is major public health concerns which continues to claim the lives of more than 435,000 people each year. The challenges with anti-malarial drug resistance and detection of low parasitaemia forms an immediate barrier to achieve the fast-approaching United Nations Sustainable Development Goals of ending malaria epidemics by 2030. In this Opinion article, focusing on the recent published technologies, in particularly the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based diagnostic technologies, the authors offer their perspectives and highlight ways to bring these point-of-care technologies towards personalized medicine. To this end, they advocate an open sourcing initiative to rapidly close the gap between technological innovations and field implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel Veiga
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Weng Kung Peng
- Precision Medicine-Engineering Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.
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35
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Graumans W, Andolina C, Awandu SS, Grignard L, Lanke K, Bousema T. Plasmodium falciparum Gametocyte Enrichment in Peripheral Blood Samples by Magnetic Fractionation: Gametocyte Yields and Possibilities to Reuse Columns. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 100:572-577. [PMID: 30608048 PMCID: PMC6402936 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gametocytes are sexual stage malaria parasites responsible for transmission to mosquitoes. Multiple gametocyte-producing clones may be present in natural infections, but the molecular characterization of gametocytes is challenging. Because of their magnetic properties, gametocyte enrichment can be achieved by magnetic fractionation. This increases detection sensitivity and allows specific genotyping of clones that contribute to malaria transmission. Here, we determined the percentage of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes successfully bound to magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) LS columns during magnetic fractionation and assessed whether columns can be reused without risking contamination or affecting column binding efficiency. Bound column fractions were quantified using multiplex quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for male (pfMGET) and female (CCp4) gametocytes and ring-stage asexual parasites (SBP1). To investigate cross contamination between columns, parasite strain identity was determined by merozoite surface protein 2 genotyping followed by capillary electrophoresis fragment sizing. A reproducible high percentage of gametocytes was bound to MACS LS columns with < 5% gametocytes appearing in the flow-through and < 0.6% asexual ring-stage parasites appearing in the gametocyte fraction. A high yield (> 94%) of gametocyte enrichment was achieved when columns were used up to five times with lower binding success after eight times (79%). We observed no evidence for cross contamination between columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Graumans
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Andolina
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Shehu S Awandu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lynn Grignard
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kjerstin Lanke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Teun Bousema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Lu F, He XL, Richard C, Cao J. A brief history of artemisinin: Modes of action and mechanisms of resistance. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 17:331-336. [PMID: 31171267 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cornerstone of antimalarial treatment, artemisinin, has reduced malaria associated morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, Plasmodium falciparum parasites with reduced sensitivity to artemisinin have emerged, and this threatens malaria control and elimination efforts. In this minireview, we describe the initial development of artemisinin as an antimalarial drug, its use both historically and currently, and our current understanding of its mode of action and the mechanisms by which malaria parasites achieve resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China; Jiangsu Key laboratory of integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for prevention and treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xin-Long He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Culleton Richard
- Malaria Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Jun Cao
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Chen AJ, Huang KC, Bopp S, Summers R, Dong P, Huang Y, Zong C, Wirth D, Cheng JX. Quantitative imaging of intraerythrocytic hemozoin by transient absorption microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 25:1-11. [PMID: 31849205 PMCID: PMC6916744 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.1.014507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hemozoin, the heme detoxification end product in malaria parasites during their growth in the red blood cells (RBCs), serves as an important marker for diagnosis and treatment target of malaria disease. However, the current method for hemozoin-targeted drug screening mainly relies on in vitro β-hematin inhibition assays, which may lead to false-positive events due to under-representation of the real hemozoin crystal. Quantitative in situ imaging of hemozoin is highly desired for high-throughput screening of antimalarial drugs and for elucidating the mechanisms of antimalarial drugs. We present transient absorption (TA) imaging as a high-speed single-cell analysis platform with chemical selectivity to hemozoin. We first demonstrated that TA microscopy is able to identify β-hematin, the artificial form of hemozoin, from the RBCs. We further utilized time-resolved TA imaging to in situ discern hemozoin from malaria-infected RBCs with optimized imaging conditions. Finally, we quantitatively analyzed the hemozoin amount in RBCs at different infection stages by single-shot TA imaging. These results highlight the potential of TA imaging for efficient antimalarial drug screening and drug mechanism investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy J. Chen
- Purdue University, Department of Biological Sciences, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Kai-Chih Huang
- Boston University, Photonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Selina Bopp
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Robert Summers
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Puting Dong
- Boston University, Photonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yimin Huang
- Boston University, Photonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Cheng Zong
- Boston University, Photonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Dyann Wirth
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Boston University, Photonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Department of Chemistry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Ma R, Guo DX, Li HF, Liu HX, Zhang YR, Ji JB, Xing J, Wang SQ. Spectroscopic methodologies and molecular docking studies on the interaction of antimalarial drug piperaquine and its metabolites with human serum albumin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 222:117158. [PMID: 31181505 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin-based combination therapy is widely used for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria, and piperaquine (PQ) is one of the important partner drugs. During the biotransformation of PQ, M1 (N-oxidation product), M2 (N-oxidation product), M3 (carboxylic acid product), M4 (N-dealkylation product), and M5 (N-oxidated product of M4) are formed by cytochrome P450 pathways. Despite decades of clinical use, the interactions between PQ and its main metabolites (PQs) with human serum albumin (HSA) have not been reported. In the present study, the binding of PQs with HSA under physiological conditions was investigated systematically through fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and molecular docking methods. The experimental results show that the intrinsic fluorescence quenching of HSA was induced by those compounds resulting from the formation of stable HSA-compound complexes. The main forces involved in the interactions between PQ, M1, and M2 which bind to HSA were hydrogen s and van der Waals forces, while the interactions of M3, M4, and M5 were driven by hydrophobic forces. The main binding sites of the compounds to HSA were also examined by classical fluorescent marker experiments and molecular docking studies. Binding constants (Kb) revealed that the affinities of the PQ, M1, M2, M3, and M4 to HSA were stronger than that of M5. Additionally, the binding rates of PQs with HSA were determined by ultrafiltration methods. Consistent with the binding constant results, the binding rate of M5 was lower than the binding rates of PQ, M1, M2, M3, and M4. Furthermore, PQs binding to HSA led to conformational and structural alterations of HSA, as revealed by multi-spectroscopic studies. In order to investigate one possible mechanism by which PQs inhibit the growth of malaria-causing Plasmodium parasites, 1H NMR spectroscopy was performed to investigate the interaction of the PQs with heme. This study is beneficial to enhance our understanding of the ecotoxicology and environmental behaviors of PQ and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dong-Xiao Guo
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Hui-Fen Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Hui-Xiang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yun-Rui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jian-Bo Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jie Xing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shu-Qi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Herraiz T, Guillén H, González-Peña D, Arán VJ. Antimalarial Quinoline Drugs Inhibit β-Hematin and Increase Free Hemin Catalyzing Peroxidative Reactions and Inhibition of Cysteine Proteases. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15398. [PMID: 31659177 PMCID: PMC6817881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria caused by Plasmodium affects millions people worldwide. Plasmodium consumes hemoglobin during its intraerythrocytic stage leaving toxic heme. Parasite detoxifies free heme through formation of hemozoin (β-hematin) pigment. Proteolysis of hemoglobin and formation of hemozoin are two main targets for antimalarial drugs. Quinoline antimarial drugs and analogs (β-carbolines or nitroindazoles) were studied as inhibitors of β-hematin formation. The most potent inhibitors were quinacrine, chloroquine, and amodiaquine followed by quinidine, mefloquine and quinine whereas 8-hydroxyquinoline and β-carbolines had no effect. Compounds that inhibited β-hematin increased free hemin that promoted peroxidative reactions as determined with TMB and ABTS substrates. Hemin-catalyzed peroxidative reactions were potentiated in presence of proteins (i.e. globin or BSA) while antioxidants and peroxidase inhibitors decreased peroxidation. Free hemin increased by chloroquine action promoted oxidative reactions resulting in inhibition of proteolysis by three cysteine proteases: papain, ficin and cathepsin B. Glutathione reversed inhibition of proteolysis. These results show that active quinolines inhibit hemozoin and increase free hemin which in presence of H2O2 that abounds in parasite digestive vacuole catalyzes peroxidative reactions and inhibition of cysteine proteases. This work suggests a link between the action of quinoline drugs with biochemical processes of peroxidation and inhibition of proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Herraiz
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Hugo Guillén
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana González-Peña
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente J Arán
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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Pek RH, Yuan X, Rietzschel N, Zhang J, Jackson L, Nishibori E, Ribeiro A, Simmons W, Jagadeesh J, Sugimoto H, Alam MZ, Garrett L, Haldar M, Ralle M, Phillips JD, Bodine DM, Hamza I. Hemozoin produced by mammals confers heme tolerance. eLife 2019; 8:e49503. [PMID: 31571584 PMCID: PMC6773446 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Free heme is cytotoxic as exemplified by hemolytic diseases and genetic deficiencies in heme recycling and detoxifying pathways. Thus, intracellular accumulation of heme has not been observed in mammalian cells to date. Here we show that mice deficient for the heme transporter SLC48A1 (also known as HRG1) accumulate over ten-fold excess heme in reticuloendothelial macrophage lysosomes that are 10 to 100 times larger than normal. Macrophages tolerate these high concentrations of heme by crystallizing them into hemozoin, which heretofore has only been found in blood-feeding organisms. SLC48A1 deficiency results in impaired erythroid maturation and an inability to systemically respond to iron deficiency. Complete heme tolerance requires a fully-operational heme degradation pathway as haplo insufficiency of HMOX1 combined with SLC48A1 inactivation causes perinatal lethality demonstrating synthetic lethal interactions between heme transport and degradation. Our studies establish the formation of hemozoin by mammals as a previously unsuspected heme tolerance pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rini H Pek
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | - Xiaojing Yuan
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | - Nicole Rietzschel
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | - Laurie Jackson
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Eiji Nishibori
- Faculty of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials ScienceUniversity of TsukabaTsukabaJapan
| | - Ana Ribeiro
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | - William Simmons
- Genetics and Molecular Biology BranchNational Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Jaya Jagadeesh
- Genetics and Molecular Biology BranchNational Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | | | - Md Zahidul Alam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Lisa Garrett
- NHGRI Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenic Mouse CoreNational Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Malay Haldar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Molecular and Medical GeneticsOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - John D Phillips
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - David M Bodine
- Genetics and Molecular Biology BranchNational Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Iqbal Hamza
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
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Guerra ED, Baakdah F, Gourgas O, Tam M, Stevenson MM, Georges E, Bohle DS, Cerruti M. Inorganic ions on hemozoin surface provide a glimpse into Plasmodium biology. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 200:110808. [PMID: 31487576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In malaria, Plasmodium parasites produce hemozoin (Hz) as a route to detoxify free heme released from the catabolism of hemoglobin. Hz isolated from the parasites is encapsulated in an organic layer constituted by parasite and host components. This organic coating may play a role in Hz formation and in the immunomodulatory properties attributed to Hz, and they may influence the mode of action of antimalarials that block Hz formation. In this work, we analyze the organic layer adhered to Hz, and find Na, Cl, Si, Ca and P present, in addition to organic material. Our results suggest that Na, Cl, and P adsorb during Hz release from the red blood cells, while Si and Ca derive from components present during Hz biomineralization within the digestive vacuole of the parasite. Overall, we show that inorganic elements associated with Hz surface provide insights into the biological functions of Plasmodium parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Danae Guerra
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Fadi Baakdah
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Ophélie Gourgas
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Mifong Tam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Mary M Stevenson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Elias Georges
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - D Scott Bohle
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Marta Cerruti
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B2, Canada.
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Liang J, Bunck DN, Mishra A, Hong S, Idso MN, Heath JR. Inhibition of heme sequestration of histidine-rich protein 2 using multiple epitope-targeted peptides. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3203. [PMID: 31347248 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum is the most lethal species of malaria. In infected human red blood cells, P. falciparum digests hemoglobin as a nutrient source, liberating cytotoxic free heme in the process. Sequestration and subsequent conversion of this byproduct into hemozoin, an inert biocrystalline heme aggregate, plays a key role in parasite survival. Hemozoin has been a longstanding target of antimalarials such as chloroquine (CQ), which inhibit the biocrystallization of free heme. In this study, we explore heme-binding interactions with histidine-rich-protein 2 (HRP2), a known malarial biomarker and purported player in free heme sequestration. HRP2 is notoriously challenging to target due to its highly repetitious sequence and irregular secondary structure. We started with three protein-catalyzed capture agents (PCCs) developed against epitopes of HRP2, inclusive of heme-binding motifs, and explored their ability to inhibit heme:HRP2 complex formation. Cocktails of the individual PCCs exhibit an inhibitory potency similar to CQ, while a covalently linked structure built from two separate PCCs provided considerably increased inhibition relative to CQ. Epitope-targeted disruption of heme:HRP2 binding is a novel approach towards disrupting P. falciparum-related hemozoin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingXin Liang
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave North, Seattle, WA, 98109-5263, USA
| | - David N Bunck
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Anvita Mishra
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Sunga Hong
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave North, Seattle, WA, 98109-5263, USA
| | - Matthew N Idso
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave North, Seattle, WA, 98109-5263, USA
| | - James R Heath
- Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave North, Seattle, WA, 98109-5263, USA
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Guimarães DSM, de Sousa Luz LS, do Nascimento SB, Silva LR, de Miranda Martins NR, de Almeida HG, de Souza Reis V, Maluf SEC, Budu A, Marinho JA, Abramo C, Carmona AK, da Silva MG, da Silva GR, Kemmer VM, Butera AP, Ribeiro-Viana RM, Gazarini ML, Júnior CSN, Guimarães L, Dos Santos FV, de Castro WV, Viana GHR, de Brito CFA, de Pilla Varotti F. Improvement of antimalarial activity of a 3-alkylpiridine alkaloid analog by replacing the pyridine ring to a thiazole-containing heterocycle: Mode of action, mutagenicity profile, and Caco-2 cell-based permeability. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 138:105015. [PMID: 31344442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of new antimalarial drugs is urgent to overcome the spread of resistance to the current treatment. Herein we synthesized the compound 3, a hit-to‑lead optimization of a thiazole based on the most promising 3-alkylpyridine marine alkaloid analog. Compound 3 was tested against Plasmodium falciparum and has shown to be more potent than its precursor (IC50 values of 1.55 and 14.7 μM, respectively), with higher selectivity index (74.7) for noncancerous human cell line. This compound was not mutagenic and showed genotoxicity only at concentrations four-fold higher than its IC50. Compound 3 was tested in vivo against Plasmodium berghei NK65 strain and inhibited the development of parasite at 50 mg/kg. In silico and UV-vis approaches determined that compound 3 acts impairing hemozoin crystallization and confocal microscopy experiments corroborate these findings as the compound was capable of diminishing food vacuole acidity. The assay of uptake using human intestinal Caco-2 cell line showed that compound 3 is absorbed similarly to chloroquine, a standard antimalarial agent. Therefore, we present here compound 3 as a potent new lead antimalarial compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Letícia Silveira de Sousa Luz
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Biológica, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei - Campus Centro Oeste, 400 Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho Street, Divinópolis, MG 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Sara Batista do Nascimento
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Biológica, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei - Campus Centro Oeste, 400 Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho Street, Divinópolis, MG 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Lorena Rabelo Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Biológica, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei - Campus Centro Oeste, 400 Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho Street, Divinópolis, MG 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Natália Rezende de Miranda Martins
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Biológica, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei - Campus Centro Oeste, 400 Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho Street, Divinópolis, MG 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Gonçalves de Almeida
- Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, 74 Dom Helvécio Square, São João del Rei, MG 36301-160, Brazil
| | - Vitória de Souza Reis
- Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, 74 Dom Helvécio Square, São João del Rei, MG 36301-160, Brazil
| | - Sarah El Chamy Maluf
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Biofísica, 669 Pedro de Toledo Street, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Budu
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Biofísica, 669 Pedro de Toledo Street, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil.
| | - Juliane Aparecida Marinho
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, José Lourenço Kelmer Street, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Clarice Abramo
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, José Lourenço Kelmer Street, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Karaoglanovic Carmona
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Biofísica, 669 Pedro de Toledo Street, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil.
| | - Marina Goulart da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Biológica, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei - Campus Centro Oeste, 400 Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho Street, Divinópolis, MG 35501-296, Brazil.
| | - Gisele Rodrigues da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Departamento de Farmácia, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, w/n, Bauxita, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil.
| | - Victor Matheus Kemmer
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Química, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Anna Paola Butera
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Química, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Renato Márcio Ribeiro-Viana
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Departamento Acadêmico de Química (DAQUI), Londrina, PR, 6036-370, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Leoni Gazarini
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Biociências, 136 Silva Jardim Street, Santos, SP 11015-020, Brazil.
| | | | - Luciana Guimarães
- Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, 74 Dom Helvécio Square, São João del Rei, MG 36301-160, Brazil
| | - Fabio Vieira Dos Santos
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Biológica, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei - Campus Centro Oeste, 400 Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho Street, Divinópolis, MG 35501-296, Brazil.
| | - Whocely Victor de Castro
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Biológica, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei - Campus Centro Oeste, 400 Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho Street, Divinópolis, MG 35501-296, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro Viana
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Biológica, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei - Campus Centro Oeste, 400 Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho Street, Divinópolis, MG 35501-296, Brazil.
| | | | - Fernando de Pilla Varotti
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Biológica, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei - Campus Centro Oeste, 400 Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho Street, Divinópolis, MG 35501-296, Brazil.
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Lee JH, Kim HR, Lee JH, Lee SK, Chun Y, Han SO, Yoo HY, Park C, Kim SW. Enhanced In-Vitro Hemozoin Polymerization by Optimized Process using Histidine-Rich Protein II (HRPII). Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1162. [PMID: 31288462 PMCID: PMC6680884 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Conductive biopolymers, an important class of functional materials, have received attention in various fields because of their unique electrical, optical, and physical properties. In this study, the polymerization of heme into hemozoin was carried out in an in vitro system by the newly developed heme polymerase (histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP-II)). The HRP-II was produced by recombinant E. coli BL21 from the Plasmodium falciparum gene. To improve the hemozoin production, the reaction conditions on the polymerization were investigated and the maximum production was achieved after about 790 μM at 34 °C with 200 rpm for 24 h. As a result, the production was improved about two-fold according to the stepwise optimization in an in vitro system. The produced hemozoin was qualitatively analyzed using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, it was confirmed that the enzymatically polymerized hemozoin had similar physical properties to chemically synthesized hemozoin. These results could represent a significant potential for nano-biotechnology applications, and also provide guidance in research related to hemozoin utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyeong Ryeol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ja Hyun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Dongyang Mirae University, 445, Gyeongin-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08221, Korea
| | - Soo Kweon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Youngsang Chun
- Department of Interdisciplinary Bio-Micro System Technology, College of Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, 145, Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hah Young Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Korea.
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20, Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Korea.
| | - Seung Wook Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
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Christner M, Frickmann H, Klupp E, Rohde H, Kono M, Tannich E, Poppert S. Insufficient sensitivity of laser desorption-time of flight mass spectrometry-based detection of hemozoin for malaria screening. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 160:104-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Untaroiu AM, Carey MA, Guler JL, Papin JA. Leveraging the effects of chloroquine on resistant malaria parasites for combination therapies. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:186. [PMID: 30987583 PMCID: PMC6466727 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria is a major global health problem, with the Plasmodium falciparum protozoan parasite causing the most severe form of the disease. Prevalence of drug-resistant P. falciparum highlights the need to understand the biology of resistance and to identify novel combination therapies that are effective against resistant parasites. Resistance has compromised the therapeutic use of many antimalarial drugs, including chloroquine, and limited our ability to treat malaria across the world. Fortunately, chloroquine resistance comes at a fitness cost to the parasite; this can be leveraged in developing combination therapies or to reinstate use of chloroquine. Results To understand biological changes induced by chloroquine treatment, we compared transcriptomics data from chloroquine-resistant parasites in the presence or absence of the drug. Using both linear models and a genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction of the parasite to interpret the expression data, we identified targetable pathways in resistant parasites. This study identified an increased importance of lipid synthesis, glutathione production/cycling, isoprenoids biosynthesis, and folate metabolism in response to chloroquine. Conclusions We identified potential drug targets for chloroquine combination therapies. Significantly, our analysis predicts that the combination of chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine or fosmidomycin may be more effective against chloroquine-resistant parasites than either drug alone; further studies will explore the use of these drugs as chloroquine resistance blockers. Additional metabolic weaknesses were found in glutathione generation and lipid synthesis during chloroquine treatment. These processes could be targeted with novel inhibitors to reduce parasite growth and reduce the burden of malaria infections. Thus, we identified metabolic weaknesses of chloroquine-resistant parasites and propose targeted chloroquine combination therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-019-2756-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Untaroiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Present address: Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Maureen A Carey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Present address: Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Guler
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Jason A Papin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Pasupureddy R, Atul, Seshadri S, Pande V, Dixit R, Pandey KC. Current scenario and future strategies to fight artemisinin resistance. Parasitol Res 2018; 118:29-42. [PMID: 30478733 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite several setbacks in the fight against malaria such as insecticide and drug resistance as well as low efficacy of available vaccines, considerable success in reducing malaria burden has been achieved in the past decade. Artemisinins (ARTs and their combination therapies, ACTs), the current frontline drugs against uncomplicated malaria, rapidly kill plasmodial parasites and are non-toxic at short exposures. Though the exact mode of action remains unclear, the endoperoxide bridge, indispensable for ART activity, is thought to react with heme released from hemoglobin hydrolysis and generate free radicals that alkylate multiple protein targets, thereby disrupting proteostasis pathways. However, rapid development of ART resistance in recent years with no potential alternatives on the horizon threaten the elimination efforts. The Greater Mekong Subregion in South-East Asia continues to churn out mutants resistant to multiple ACTs and detected in increasingly expanding geographies. Extensive research on ART-resistant strains have identified a potential candidate Kelch13, crucial for mediating ART resistance. Parasites with mutations in the propeller domains of Plasmodium falciparum Kelch13 protein were shown to have enhanced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase levels that were concomitant with delayed parasite clearance. Current research focused on understanding the mechanism of Kelch13-mediated ART resistance could provide better insights into Plasmodium resistome. This review covers the current proposed mechanisms of ART activity, resistance strategies adopted by the parasite in response to ACTs and possible future approaches to mitigate the spread of resistance from South-East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pasupureddy
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka Sector 8, New Delhi, 110077, India.,Institute of Science, Nirma University, SG Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Atul
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka Sector 8, New Delhi, 110077, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263001, India
| | - Sriram Seshadri
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, SG Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263001, India
| | - Rajnikant Dixit
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka Sector 8, New Delhi, 110077, India
| | - Kailash C Pandey
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka Sector 8, New Delhi, 110077, India. .,Department of Biochemistry, Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462001, India.
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Abstract
Haemozoin is a by-product of haemoglobin digestion by intraerythrocytic malaria parasites, which induces immunologic responses on different tissues, including endothelial cells. In the present paper, the incubation of human microvascular endothelial cells with haemozoin significantly inhibited MTT reduction, a measure of cytotoxicity, without increasing the release of cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase. Moreover, haemozoin did not induce apoptosis or cell cycle arrest nor decreased the number of live cells, suggesting that cells viability itself was not affected and that the inhibition of MTT reduction was only apparent and probably due to accelerated MTT-formazan exocytosis. After 30 min of MTT addition, a significant increase in the % of cells exocytosing MTT formazan crystals was observed in haemozoin-treated cells compared with control cells. Such an effect was partially reversed by the addition of genistein, an inhibitor of MTT-formazan exocytosis. The rapid release of CXCL-8, a preformed chemokine contained in Weibel-Palade bodies, confirmed that haemozoin induces a perturbation of the intracellular endothelial trafficking, including the exocytosis of MTT-formazan containing vesicles. The haem moiety of haemozoin is responsible for the observed effect. Moreover, this work underlines that MTT assay should not be used to measure cytotoxicity induced by haemozoin and other methods should be preferred.
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Olafson KN, Clark RJ, Vekilov PG, Palmer JC, Rimer JD. Structuring of Organic Solvents at Solid Interfaces and Ramifications for Antimalarial Adsorption on β-Hematin Crystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:29288-29298. [PMID: 30089201 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A critical aspect of material synthesis is solvent structuring at solid-liquid interfaces, which can impact the adsorption of solute and growth modifiers on an underlying substrate. In general, the impact of solvent structuring on molecular sorbate interactions with solid sorbents is poorly understood. This is particularly true for processes that occur in organic media, such as hematin crystallization, which is crucial to the survival of malaria parasites. Here, we use chemical force microscopy and molecular modeling to analyze the interactions between functional moieties of known antimalarials and the interface between β-hematin crystals and a mixed organic (octanol)-aqueous solvent. We show that the β-hematin surface, patterned in parallel hydrophobic and hydrophilic stripes, engenders the assembly of up to five layers of octanol molecules aligned parallel to the crystal surface. In contrast, studies of solvent structuring on a disordered glass surface reveal that octanol molecules align perpendicular to the interface. The distinct octanol arrays direct molecule adsorption at the respective interfaces. At both substrates, we also find stabilized pockets of aqueous nanophase lining the surfaces. A combination of experimental analyses and modeling of solvent structuring provides crucial insights into the association of hematin molecules with growing crystals as well as the adsorption and mobility of antimalarial drugs. Moreover, our findings offer a general perspective on the collective behaviors of complex organic solvents that may apply to a broad range of interactions at solid-liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy N Olafson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-4004 , United States
| | - R John Clark
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-4004 , United States
| | - Peter G Vekilov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-4004 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States
| | - Jeremy C Palmer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-4004 , United States
| | - Jeffrey D Rimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-4004 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States
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McBirney SE, Chen D, Scholtz A, Ameri H, Armani AM. Rapid Diagnostic for Point-of-Care Malaria Screening. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1264-1270. [PMID: 29781606 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant success in therapeutic development, malaria remains a widespread and deadly infectious disease in the developing world. Given the nearly 100% efficacy of current malaria therapeutics, the primary barrier to eradication is lack of early diagnosis of the infected population. However, there are multiple strains of malaria. Although significant efforts and resources have been invested in developing antibody-based diagnostic methods for Plasmodium falciparum, a rapid and easy to use screening method capable of detecting all malaria strains has not been realized. Yet, until the entire malaria-infected population receives treatment, the disease will continue to impact society. Here, we report the development of a portable, magneto-optic technology for early stage malaria diagnosis based on the detection of the malaria pigment, hemozoin. Using β-hematin, a hemozoin mimic, we demonstrate detection limits of <0.0081 μg/mL in 500 μL of whole rabbit blood with no additional reagents required. This level corresponds to <26 parasites/μL, a full order of magnitude below clinical relevance and comparable to or less than existing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexis Scholtz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Hossein Ameri
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
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