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Woo LA, Wintruba KL, Wissmann B, Tkachenko S, Kubicka E, Farber E, Engkvist O, Barrett I, Granberg KL, Plowright AT, Wolf MJ, Brautigan DL, Bekiranov S, Wang QD, Saucerman JJ. Multi-omic analysis reveals VEGFR2, PI3K, and JNK mediate the small molecule induction of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte proliferation. iScience 2024; 27:110485. [PMID: 39171295 PMCID: PMC11338145 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian hearts lose their regenerative potential shortly after birth. Stimulating the proliferation of preexisting cardiomyocytes is a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiac damage. In a previous study, we identified 30 compounds that induced the bona-fide proliferation of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM). Here, we selected five active compounds with diverse targets, including ALK5 and CB1R, and performed multi-omic analyses to identify common mechanisms mediating the cell cycle progression of hiPSC-CM. Transcriptome profiling revealed the top enriched pathways for all compounds including cell cycle, DNA repair, and kinesin pathways. Functional proteomic arrays found that the compounds collectively activated multiple receptor tyrosine kinases including ErbB2, IGF1R, and VEGFR2. Network analysis integrating common transcriptomic and proteomic signatures predicted that MAPK/PI3K pathways mediated compound responses. Furthermore, VEGFR2 negatively regulated endoreplication, enabling the completion of cell division. Thus, in this study, we applied high-content imaging and molecular profiling to establish mechanisms linking pro-proliferative agents to mechanisms of cardiomyocyte cell cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Woo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Kaitlyn L. Wintruba
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Bethany Wissmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Svyatoslav Tkachenko
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44196, USA
| | - Ewa Kubicka
- Center for Cell Signaling, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Emily Farber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Ola Engkvist
- Molecular AI, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 43150 Gothenburg, MöIndal, Sweden
| | - Ian Barrett
- Data Sciences & Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB40WG, England
| | - Kenneth L. Granberg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 43150 Gothenburg, MöIndal, Sweden
| | - Alleyn T. Plowright
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 43150 Gothenburg, MöIndal, Sweden
| | - Matthew J. Wolf
- Department of Medicine and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - David L. Brautigan
- Center for Cell Signaling, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Stefan Bekiranov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Qing-Dong Wang
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 43150 Gothenburg, MöIndal, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Tapak M, Sadeghi S, Ghazanfari T, Mosaffa N. Chemical exposure and alveolar macrophages responses: 'the role of pulmonary defense mechanism in inhalation injuries'. BMJ Open Respir Res 2023; 10:e001589. [PMID: 37479504 PMCID: PMC10364189 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies have indicated an association between particulate matter (PM) exposure and acute and chronic pulmonary inflammation, which may be registered as increased mortality and morbidity. Despite the increasing evidence, the pathophysiology mechanism of these PMs is still not fully characterised. Pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs), as a predominant cell in the lung, play a critically important role in these pathological mechanisms. Toxin exposure triggers events associated with macrophage activation, including oxidative stress, acute damage, tissue disruption, remodelling and fibrosis. Targeting macrophage may potentially be employed to treat these types of lung inflammation without affecting the natural immune response to bacterial infections. Biological toxins, their sources of exposure, physical and other properties, and their effects on the individuals are summarised in this article. Inhaled particulates from air pollution and toxic gases containing chemicals can interact with alveolar epithelial cells and immune cells in the airways. PAMs can sense ambient pollutants and be stimulated, triggering cellular signalling pathways. These cells are highly adaptable and can change their function and phenotype in response to inhaled agents. PAMs also have the ability to polarise and undergo plasticity in response to tissue damage, while maintaining resistance to exposure to inhaled agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Tapak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Alinasab Hospital, Labratory Department, Iranian Social Security Organization (ISSO), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somaye Sadeghi
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Ghazanfari
- Immunoregulation Research Centre, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Mosaffa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Glogauer J, Blay J. Cannabinoids, their cellular receptors, and effects on the invasive phenotype of carcinoma and metastasis. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 5:e1475. [PMID: 34313032 PMCID: PMC8842690 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The morbidity and mortality of cancer are significantly impacted by the invasive and metastatic potential of particular subgroups of malignant cells within a tumor. The particular pre-metastatic properties of cancerous cells are thus a critical target for novel therapeutics in the oncology field. Cannabinoid molecules have been investigated in recent years in the context of invasion and metastasis of various malignancies, with varying effects reported in the literature. RECENT FINDINGS There was substantial variability in the findings reported by the literature of the effects of cannabinoid molecules on cancer cell invasion and metastasis. These effects varied depending on which ligand and which of the CB1, CB2, or GPR55 receptors were investigated. These findings suggest a role for the phenomenon of biased signaling in explaining the diversity of effects of cannabinoid molecules on cancer cell invasion. CONCLUSION While substantially more investigation is required into the effects of cannabinoid molecules on cancer cell invasion and metastasis, we describe in this review the significant diversity in the responses of cancer cells to cannabinoid molecules in terms of their invasive and metastatic capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judah Glogauer
- Michael G. DeGroote School of MedicineMcMaster University Waterloo Regional CampusKitchenerOntarioCanada
| | - Jonathan Blay
- School of PharmacyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Department of PathologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
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4
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Espinosa-Riquer ZP, Ibarra-Sánchez A, Vibhushan S, Bratti M, Charles N, Blank U, Rodríguez-Manzo G, González-Espinosa C. TLR4 Receptor Induces 2-AG-Dependent Tolerance to Lipopolysaccharide and Trafficking of CB2 Receptor in Mast Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2360-2371. [PMID: 30814309 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) contribute to the control of local inflammatory reactions and become hyporesponsive after prolonged TLR4 activation by bacterial LPS. The molecular mechanisms involved in endotoxin tolerance (ET) induction in MCs are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and its receptor, cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), play a role in the establishment of ET in bone marrow-derived MCs from C57BL/6J mice. We found that CB2 antagonism prevented the development of ET and that bone marrow-derived MCs produce 2-AG in a TLR4-dependent fashion. Exogenous 2-AG induced ET similarly to LPS, blocking the phosphorylation of IKK and the p65 subunit of NF-κB and inducing the synthesis of molecular markers of ET. LPS caused CB2 receptor trafficking in Rab11-, Rab7-, and Lamp2-positive vesicles, indicating recycling and degradation of the receptor. 2-AG also prevented LPS-induced TNF secretion in vivo, in a MC-dependent model of endotoxemia, demonstrating that TLR4 engagement leads to 2-AG secretion, which contributes to the negative control of MCs activation. Our study uncovers a functional role for the endocannabinoid system in the inhibition of MC-dependent innate immune responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zyanya P Espinosa-Riquer
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Ibarra-Sánchez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Shamila Vibhushan
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France.,CNRS ERL8252, 75018 Paris, France; and.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Manuela Bratti
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France.,CNRS ERL8252, 75018 Paris, France; and.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Charles
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France.,CNRS ERL8252, 75018 Paris, France; and.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Ulrich Blank
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France.,CNRS ERL8252, 75018 Paris, France; and.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Manzo
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico;
| | - Claudia González-Espinosa
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico;
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Zhou G, Wang L, Xu Y, Yang K, Luo L, Wang L, Li Y, Wang J, Shu G, Wang S, Gao P, Zhu X, Xi Q, Sun J, Zhang Y, Jiang Q. Diversity effect of capsaicin on different types of skeletal muscle. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 443:11-23. [PMID: 29159769 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin is a major pungent content in green and red peppers which are widely used as spice, and capsaicin may activate different receptors. To determine whether capsaicin has different effects on different types of skeletal muscle, we applied different concentrations (0, 0.01, and 0.02%) of capsaicin in the normal diet and conducted a four-week experiment on Sprague-Dawley rats. The fiber type composition, glucose metabolism enzyme activity, and different signaling molecules' expressions of receptors were detected. Our results suggested that capsaicin reduced the body fat deposition, while promoting the slow muscle-related gene expression and increasing the enzyme activity in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. However, fatty acid metabolism was significantly increased only in the soleus muscle. The study of intracellular signaling suggested that the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and cannabinoid receptors in the soleus muscle were more sensitive to capsaicin. In conclusion, the distribution of TRPV1 and cannabinoid receptors differs in different types of muscle, and the different roles of capsaicin in different types of muscle may be related to the different degrees of activation of receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqiong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Lv Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Leshan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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Han H, Liang X, Wang J, Zhao Q, Yang M, Rong W, Zhang G. Cannabinoid receptor 1 contributes to sprouted innervation in endometrial ectopic growth through mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Brain Res 2017; 1663:132-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
An agonist that acts through a single receptor can activate numerous signaling pathways. Recent studies have suggested that different ligands can differentially activate these pathways by stabilizing a limited range of receptor conformations, which in turn preferentially drive different downstream signaling cascades. This concept, termed "biased signaling" represents an exciting therapeutic opportunity to target specific pathways that elicit only desired effects, while avoiding undesired effects mediated by different signaling cascades. The cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 each activate multiple pathways, and evidence is emerging for bias within these pathways. This review will summarize the current evidence for biased signaling through cannabinoid receptor subtypes CB1 and CB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Søes Ibsen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark Connor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2 Technology Place, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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8
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Interaction between Cannabinoid System and Toll-Like Receptors Controls Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:5831315. [PMID: 27597805 PMCID: PMC4997072 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5831315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the endocannabinoid system consisting of cannabinoid receptors, endogenous ligands, and biosynthetic and metabolizing enzymes, interest has been renewed in investigating the promise of cannabinoids as therapeutic agents. Abundant evidence indicates that cannabinoids modulate immune responses. An inflammatory response is triggered when innate immune cells receive a danger signal provided by pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns engaging pattern-recognition receptors. Toll-like receptor family members are prominent pattern-recognition receptors expressed on innate immune cells. Cannabinoids suppress Toll-like receptor-mediated inflammatory responses. However, the relationship between the endocannabinoid system and innate immune system may not be one-sided. Innate immune cells express cannabinoid receptors and produce endogenous cannabinoids. Hence, innate immune cells may play a role in regulating endocannabinoid homeostasis, and, in turn, the endocannabinoid system modulates local inflammatory responses. Studies designed to probe the interaction between the innate immune system and the endocannabinoid system may identify new potential molecular targets in developing therapeutic strategies for chronic inflammatory diseases. This review discusses the endocannabinoid system and Toll-like receptor family and evaluates the interaction between them.
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9
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Javid FA, Phillips RM, Afshinjavid S, Verde R, Ligresti A. Cannabinoid pharmacology in cancer research: A new hope for cancer patients? Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 775:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Sharma C, Sadek B, Goyal SN, Sinha S, Kamal MA, Ojha S. Small Molecules from Nature Targeting G-Protein Coupled Cannabinoid Receptors: Potential Leads for Drug Discovery and Development. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:238482. [PMID: 26664449 PMCID: PMC4664820 DOI: 10.1155/2015/238482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cannabinoid molecules are derived from Cannabis sativa plant which acts on the cannabinoid receptors types 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) which have been explored as potential therapeutic targets for drug discovery and development. Currently, there are numerous cannabinoid based synthetic drugs used in clinical practice like the popular ones such as nabilone, dronabinol, and Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol mediates its action through CB1/CB2 receptors. However, these synthetic based Cannabis derived compounds are known to exert adverse psychiatric effect and have also been exploited for drug abuse. This encourages us to find out an alternative and safe drug with the least psychiatric adverse effects. In recent years, many phytocannabinoids have been isolated from plants other than Cannabis. Several studies have shown that these phytocannabinoids show affinity, potency, selectivity, and efficacy towards cannabinoid receptors and inhibit endocannabinoid metabolizing enzymes, thus reducing hyperactivity of endocannabinoid systems. Also, these naturally derived molecules possess the least adverse effects opposed to the synthetically derived cannabinoids. Therefore, the plant based cannabinoid molecules proved to be promising and emerging therapeutic alternative. The present review provides an overview of therapeutic potential of ligands and plants modulating cannabinoid receptors that may be of interest to pharmaceutical industry in search of new and safer drug discovery and development for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Sameer N. Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Shirpur, Mahrastra 425405, India
| | - Satyesh Sinha
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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11
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Induction of Proteinuria by Cannabinoid Receptors 1 Signaling Activation in CB1 Transgenic Mice. Am J Med Sci 2015; 349:162-8. [DOI: 10.1097/maj.0000000000000352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Dalton GD, Howlett AC. Cannabinoid CB1 receptors transactivate multiple receptor tyrosine kinases and regulate serine/threonine kinases to activate ERK in neuronal cells. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:2497-511. [PMID: 21518335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Signalling networks that regulate the progression of cannabinoid CB(1) receptor-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in neurons are poorly understood. We investigated the cellular mechanisms involved in CB(1) receptor-stimulated ERK phosphorylation in a neuronal cell model. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Murine N18TG2 neuronal cells were used to analyse the effect of specific protein kinase and phosphatase inhibitors on CB(1) receptor-stimulated ERK phosphorylation. The LI-COR In Cell Western assay and immunoblotting were used to measure ERK phosphorylation. KEY RESULTS The time-course of CB(1) receptor-stimulated ERK activation occurs in three phases that are regulated by distinct cellular mechanisms in N18TG2 cells. Phase I (0-5 min) maximal ERK phosphorylation is mediated by CB(1) receptor-stimulated ligand-independent transactivation of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Phase I requires G(i/o) βγ subunit-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation and Src kinase activation and is modulated by inhibition of cAMP-activated protein kinase A (PKA) levels. Src kinase activation is regulated by the protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B and Shp1. The Phase II (5-10 min) rapid decline in ERK phosphorylation involves PKA inhibition and serine/threonine phosphatase PP1/PP2A activation. The Phase III (>10 min) plateau in ERK phosphorylation is mediated by CB(1) receptor-stimulated, ligand-independent, transactivation of multiple RTKs. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The complex expression of CB(1) receptor-stimulated ERK activation provides cellular selectivity, modulation of sensitivity to agonists, and coincidence detection with RTK signalling. RTK and PKA pathways may provide routes to novel CB(1) -based therapeutic interventions in the treatment of addictive disorders or neurodegenerative diseases. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids in Biology and Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue-8. To view Part I of Cannabinoids in Biology and Medicine visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.163.issue-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Dalton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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13
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Abstract
Opiates such as morphine and fentanyl, a major class of analgesics used in the clinical management of pain, exert their effects through the activation of opioid receptors. Opioids are among the most commonly prescribed and frequently abused drugs in the USA; however, the prolonged use of opiates often leads to the development of tolerance and addiction. Although blockade of opioid receptors with antagonists such as naltrexone and naloxone can lessen addictive impulses and facilitate recovery from overdose, systemic disruption of endogenous opioid receptor signalling through the use of these antagonistic drugs can have severe side effects. In the light of these challenges, current efforts have focused on identifying new therapeutic targets that selectively and specifically modulate opioid receptor signalling and function so as to achieve analgesia without the adverse effects associated with chronic opiate use. We have previously reported that opioid receptors interact with each other to form heteromeric complexes and that these interactions affect morphine signalling. Since chronic morphine administration leads to an enhanced level of these heteromers, these opioid receptor heteromeric complexes represent novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of pain and opiate addiction. In this review, we discuss the role of heteromeric opioid receptor complexes with a focus on mu opioid receptor (MOR) and delta opioid receptor (DOR) heteromers. We also highlight the evidence for altered pharmacological properties of opioid ligands and changes in ligand function resulting from the heteromer formation.
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Sarne Y, Asaf F, Fishbein M, Gafni M, Keren O. The dual neuroprotective-neurotoxic profile of cannabinoid drugs. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 163:1391-401. [PMID: 21323910 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that cannabinoid drugs have neuroprotective properties and suggested that the endocannabinoid system may be involved in endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms. On the other hand, neurotoxic effects of cannabinoids in vitro and in vivo were also described. Several possible explanations for these dual, opposite effects of cannabinoids on cellular fate were suggested, and it is conceivable that various factors may determine the final outcome of the cannabinoid effect in vivo. In the current review, we focus on one of the possible reasons for the dual neuroprotective/neurotoxic effects of cannabinoids in vivo, namely, the opposite effects of low versus high doses of cannabinoids. While many studies reported neuroprotective effects of the conventional doses of cannabinoids in various experimental models for acute brain injuries, we have shown that a single administration of an extremely low dose of Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (3-4 orders of magnitude lower than the conventional doses) to mice induced long-lasting mild cognitive deficits that affected various aspects of memory and learning. These findings led to the idea that this low dose of THC, which induces minor damage to the brain, may activate preconditioning and/or postconditioning mechanisms and thus will protect the brain from more severe insults. Indeed, our recent findings support this assumption and show that a pre- or a postconditioning treatment with extremely low doses of THC, several days before or after brain injury, provides effective long-term cognitive neuroprotection. The future therapeutical potential of these findings is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Sarne
- The Adelson Center for the Biology of Addictive Diseases and The Mauerberger Chair in Neuropharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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Rozenfeld R, Bushlin I, Gomes I, Tzavaras N, Gupta A, Neves S, Battini L, Gusella GL, Lachmann A, Ma'ayan A, Blitzer RD, Devi LA. Receptor heteromerization expands the repertoire of cannabinoid signaling in rodent neurons. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29239. [PMID: 22235275 PMCID: PMC3250422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in G protein coupled receptor biology is how a single ligand acting at a specific receptor is able to induce a range of signaling that results in a variety of physiological responses. We focused on Type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) as a model GPCR involved in a variety of processes spanning from analgesia and euphoria to neuronal development, survival and differentiation. We examined receptor dimerization as a possible mechanism underlying expanded signaling responses by a single ligand and focused on interactions between CB1R and delta opioid receptor (DOR). Using co-immunoprecipitation assays as well as analysis of changes in receptor subcellular localization upon co-expression, we show that CB1R and DOR form receptor heteromers. We find that heteromerization affects receptor signaling since the potency of the CB1R ligand to stimulate G-protein activity is increased in the absence of DOR, suggesting that the decrease in CB1R activity in the presence of DOR could, at least in part, be due to heteromerization. We also find that the decrease in activity is associated with enhanced PLC-dependent recruitment of arrestin3 to the CB1R-DOR complex, suggesting that interaction with DOR enhances arrestin-mediated CB1R desensitization. Additionally, presence of DOR facilitates signaling via a new CB1R-mediated anti-apoptotic pathway leading to enhanced neuronal survival. Taken together, these results support a role for CB1R-DOR heteromerization in diversification of endocannabinoid signaling and highlight the importance of heteromer-directed signal trafficking in enhancing the repertoire of GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Rozenfeld
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ittai Bushlin
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and The Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ivone Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nikos Tzavaras
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Achla Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Susana Neves
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Systems Biology Center of New York, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lorenzo Battini
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - G. Luca Gusella
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexander Lachmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Systems Biology Center of New York, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Systems Biology Center of New York, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert D. Blitzer
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Systems Biology Center of New York, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lakshmi A. Devi
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and The Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Systems Biology Center of New York, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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N-desalkylquetiapine activates ERK1/2 to induce GDNF release in C6 glioma cells: A putative cellular mechanism for quetiapine as antidepressant. Neuropharmacology 2012; 62:209-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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The actions of benzophenanthridine alkaloids, piperonyl butoxide and (S)-methoprene at the G-protein coupled cannabinoid CB1 receptor in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 654:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Asimaki O, Mangoura D. Cannabinoid receptor 1 induces a biphasic ERK activation via multiprotein signaling complex formation of proximal kinases PKCε, Src, and Fyn in primary neurons. Neurochem Int 2010; 58:135-44. [PMID: 21074588 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1Rs) play important roles in the regulation of dendritic branching, synapse density, and synaptic transmission through multiple G-protein-coupled signaling systems, including the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases ERK1/2. The proximal signaling interactions leading to ERK1/2 activation by CB1R in CNS remain, however, unclear. Here, we present evidence that the CB1R agonist methanandamide induced a biphasic and sustained activation of ERK1/2 in primary neurons derived from E7 telencephalon. We show that E7 neurons natively express high levels of CB1R message and protein, the majority of which associates with PKCɛ at basal conditions. We now demonstrate that the first peak of ERK activation by CB1R was mediated by the sequential activation of G(q), PLC, and PKCɛ, selectively, and that the CB1R-activated PKCɛ acutely formed transient signaling modules containing activated Src and Fyn. A second pool of CB1Rs, coupled to PTX-sensitive activation of G(i/o), utilized as effectors additional Src and Fyn molecules to generate a second, additional wave of ERK activation at 15 min. Concurrently to these intermolecular signaling interactions, cytoskeleton-associated proteins MARCKS and p120catenin were drastically modified by phosphorylation of PKC and Src, respectively. These receptor-proximal signaling events correlated well with induction of neuritic outgrowth in the long term. Our data provide evidence for multiprotein signaling complex formation in the coupling of CB1R to activation of ERK in CNS neurons, and may elucidate several of the less understood acute effects of cannabinoid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Asimaki
- Developmental Neurobiology and Neurochemistry Group, Basic Neurosciences, Center for Preventive Medicine, Neurosciences and Social Psychiatry, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4, Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Hu B, Wang Q, Chen Y, Du J, Zhu X, Lu Y, Xiong L, Chen S. Neuroprotective effect of WIN 55,212-2 pretreatment against focal cerebral ischemia through activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 645:102-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Howlett AC, Blume LC, Dalton GD. CB(1) cannabinoid receptors and their associated proteins. Curr Med Chem 2010; 17:1382-93. [PMID: 20166926 DOI: 10.2174/092986710790980023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CB1 receptors are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) abundant in neurons, in which they modulate neurotransmission. The CB(1) receptor influence on memory and learning is well recognized, and disease states associated with CB(1) receptors are observed in addiction disorders, motor dysfunction, schizophrenia, and in bipolar, depression, and anxiety disorders. Beyond the brain, CB(1) receptors also function in liver and adipose tissues, vascular as well as cardiac tissue, reproductive tissues and bone. Signal transduction by CB(1) receptors occurs through interaction with Gi/o proteins to inhibit adenylyl cyclase, activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), inhibit voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels, activate K(+) currents (K(ir)), and influence Nitric Oxide (NO) signaling. CB(1) receptors are observed in internal organelles as well as plasma membrane. beta-Arrestins, adaptor protein AP-3, and G-protein receptor-associated sorting protein 1 (GASP1) modulate cellular trafficking. Cannabinoid Receptor Interacting Protein1a (CRIP1a) is an accessory protein whose function has not been delineated. Factor Associated with Neutral sphingomyelinase (FAN) regulates ceramide signaling. Such diversity in cellular signaling and modulation by interacting proteins suggests that agonists and allosteric modulators could be developed to specifically regulate unique, cell type-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyn C Howlett
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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21
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Dalton GD, Bass CE, Van Horn CG, Howlett AC. Signal transduction via cannabinoid receptors. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2009; 8:422-31. [PMID: 19839935 PMCID: PMC3976677 DOI: 10.2174/187152709789824615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol are lipid mediators that signal via CB(1) and CB(2) cannabinoid receptors and Gi/o-proteins to inhibit adenylyl cyclase and stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinase. In the brain, CB(1) receptors interact with opioid receptors in close proximity, and these receptors may share G-proteins and effector systems. In the striatum, CB(1) receptors function in coordination with D(1) and D(2) dopamine receptors, and combined stimulation of CB(1)-D(2) receptor heteromeric complexes promotes a unique interaction to stimulate cAMP production. CB(1) receptors also trigger growth factor receptor signaling cascades in cells by engaging in cross-talk or interreceptor signal transmission with the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Mechanisms for CB(1) receptor-RTK transactivation can include stimulation of signal transduction pathways regulated by second messengers such as phospholipase C, metalloprotease cleavage of membrane-bound precursor proteins such as epidermal growth factor which activate RTKs, RTK autophosphorylation, and recruitment of non-receptor tyrosine kinases. CB(1) and CB(2) receptors are expressed in peripheral tissues including liver and adipose tissue, and are induced in pathological conditions. Novel signal transduction resulting from endocannabinoid regulation of AMP-regulated kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors have been discovered from studies of hepatocytes and adipocytes. It can be predicted that drug discovery of the future will be based upon these novel signal transduction mechanisms for endocannabinoid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Dalton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Amal H, Fridman-Rozevich L, Senn R, Strelnikov A, Gafni M, Keren O, Sarne Y. Long-term consequences of a single treatment of mice with an ultra-low dose of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Behav Brain Res 2009; 206:245-53. [PMID: 19766676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A single administration of an extremely low dose (0.002 mg/kg) of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; the psychoactive ingredient of marijuana) to ICR mice induced long-term cognitive deficits that lasted for at least 5 months. The behavioral deficits were detected by several tests that evaluated different aspects of memory and learning, including spatial navigation and spatial and non-spatial recognition. Our findings point to possible deficits in attention or motivation that represent a common upstream cognitive process that may affect the performance of the mice in the different behavioral assays. Similar ultra-low doses of THC (3-4 orders of magnitude lower than doses that are known to evoke the acute effects of THC) also induced sustained activation of extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) in the cerebellum, indicating that a single injection of such low doses of the cannabinoid drug can stimulate neuronal regulatory mechanisms. The relevance of these findings to the behavioral consequences of chronic exposure to marijuana is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Amal
- The Adelson Center for the Biology of Addictive Diseases and The Mauerberger Chair in Neuropharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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23
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Schley M, Ständer S, Kerner J, Vajkoczy P, Schüpfer G, Dusch M, Schmelz M, Konrad C. Predominant CB2 receptor expression in endothelial cells of glioblastoma in humans. Brain Res Bull 2009; 79:333-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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McIntosh BT, Hudson B, Yegorova S, Jollimore CAB, Kelly MEM. Agonist-dependent cannabinoid receptor signalling in human trabecular meshwork cells. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 152:1111-20. [PMID: 17922024 PMCID: PMC2095100 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Trabecular meshwork (TM) is an ocular tissue involved in the regulation of aqueous humour outflow and intraocular pressure (IOP). CB1 receptors (CB1) are present in TM and cannabinoid administration decreases IOP. CB1 signalling was investigated in a cell line derived from human TM (hTM). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH CB1 signalling was investigated using ratiometric Ca2+ imaging, western blotting and infrared In-Cell Western analysis. KEY RESULTS WIN55212-2, a synthetic aminoalkylindole cannabinoid receptor agonist (10-100 microM) increased intracellular Ca2+ in hTM cells. WIN55,212-2-mediated Ca2+ increases were blocked by AM251, a CB1 antagonist, but were unaffected by the CB2 antagonist, AM630. The WIN55,212-2-mediated increase in [Ca2+]i was pertussis toxin (PTX)-insensitive, therefore, independent of Gi/o coupling, but was attenuated by a dominant negative Galpha(q/11) subunit, implicating a Gq/11 signalling pathway. The increase in [Ca2+]i was dependent upon PLC activation and mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ stores. A PTX-sensitive increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation was also observed in response to WIN55,212-2, indicative of a Gi/o signalling pathway. CB1-Gq/11 coupling to activate PLC-dependent increases in Ca2+ appeared to be specific to WIN55,212-2 and were not observed with other CB1 agonists, including CP55,940 and methanandamide. CP55940 produced PTX-sensitive increases in [Ca2+]i at concentrations>or=15 microM, and PTX-sensitive increases in ERK1/2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study demonstrates that endogenous CB1 couples to both Gq/11 and Gi/o in hTM cells in an agonist-dependent manner. Cannabinoid activation of multiple CB1 signalling pathways in TM tissue could lead to differential changes in aqueous humour outflow and IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T McIntosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory for Retina and Optic Nerve Research, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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26
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Korzh A, Keren O, Gafni M, Bar-Josef H, Sarne Y. Modulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) by opioid and cannabinoid receptors that are expressed in the same cell. Brain Res 2007; 1189:23-32. [PMID: 18068691 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the signal transduction pathways leading to the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) by opioid or cannabinoid drugs, when their receptors are coexpressed in the same cell-type. In N18TG2 neuroblastoma cells, the opioid agonist etorphine and the cannabinoid agonist CP-55940 induced the phosphorylation of ERK by a similar mechanism that involved activation of delta-opioid receptors or CB1 cannabinoid receptors coupled to Gi/Go proteins, matrix metalloproteases, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors and MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK). In HEK-293 cells, these two drugs induced the phosphorylation of ERK by separate mechanisms. While CP-55940 activated ERK by transactivation of VEGFRs, similar to its effect in N18TG2 cells, the opioid agonist etorphine activated ERK by a mechanism that did not involve transactivation of a receptor tyrosine kinase. Interestingly, the activation of ERK by etorphine was resistant to the inhibition of MEK, suggesting the possible existence of a novel, undescribed yet mechanism for the activation of ERK by opioids. This mechanism was found to be specific to etorphine, as activation of ERK by the micro-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist DAMGO ([D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol] enkephalin) was mediated by MEK in these cells, suggesting that etorphine and DAMGO activate distinct, ligand-specific, conformations of MOR. The characterization of cannabinoid- and opioid-induced ERK activation in these two cell-lines enables future studies into possible interactions between these two groups of drugs at the level of MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Korzh
- The Mauerberger Chair in Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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Drysdale AJ, Ryan D, Pertwee RG, Platt B. Cannabidiol-induced intracellular Ca2+ elevations in hippocampal cells. Neuropharmacology 2005; 50:621-31. [PMID: 16386766 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2005] [Revised: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) is at the forefront of therapeutic cannabinoid research due to its non-psychotropic properties. Research supports its use in a variety of disorders, yet the cellular mechanisms of its action remain unclear. In this study, the effect of CBD upon Ca2+ homeostasis in hippocampal cells was characterised. CBD (1 microM) elevated intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) by approximately +45% of basal Ca2+ levels in both glia (77% responders) and neurones (51% responders). Responses to CBD were reduced in high excitability HEPES buffered solution (HBS), but not affected in low excitability/low Ca2+ HBS. CBD responses were also significantly reduced (by 50%) by the universal Ca2+ channel blocker cadmium (50 microM) and the L-type specific Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine (20 microM). Interestingly, intracellular store depletion with thapsigargin (2 microM) had the most dramatic effect on CBD responses, leading on average to a full block of the response. Elevated CBD-induced [Ca2+]i responses (>+100%) were observed in the presence of the CB1 receptor antagonist, AM281 (1 microM), and the vanilloid receptor antagonist, capsazepine (CPZ, 1 microM). Overall, our data suggest that CBD modulates hippocampal [Ca2+]i homeostasis via intracellular Ca2+ stores and L-type VGCC-mediated Ca2+ entry, with tonic cannabinoid and vanilloid receptor signalling being negatively coupled to this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Drysdale
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
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28
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Abstract
The cannabinoid receptor family currently includes two types: CB1, characterized in neuronal cells and brain, and CB2, characterized in immune cells and tissues. CB1 and CB2 receptors are members of the superfamily of seven-transmembrane-spanning (7-TM) receptors, having a protein structure defined by an array of seven membrane-spanning helices with intervening intracellular loops and a C-terminal domain that can associate with G proteins. Cannabinoid receptors are associated with G proteins of the Gi/o family (Gi1, 2 and 3, and Go1 and 2). Signal transduction via Gi inhibits adenylyl cyclase in most tissues and cells, although signaling via Gs stimulates adenylyl cyclase in some experimental models. Evidence exists for cannabinoid receptor-mediated Ca2+ fluxes and stimulation of phospholipases A and C. Stimulation of CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors leads to phosphorylation and activation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p38 MAPK and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) as signaling pathways to regulate nuclear transcription factors. The CB1 receptor regulates K+ and Ca2+ ion channels, probably via Go. Ion channel regulation serves as an important component of neurotransmission modulation by endogenous cannabinoid compounds released in response to neuronal depolarization. Cannabinoid receptor signaling via G proteins results from interactions with the second, third and fourth intracellular loops of the receptor. Desensitization of signal transduction pathways that couple through the G proteins probably entails phosphorylation of critical amino acid residues on these intracellular surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Howlett
- Neuroscience/Drug Abuse Research Program, 208 JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
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Sarne Y, Keren O. Are cannabinoid drugs neurotoxic or neuroprotective? Med Hypotheses 2004; 63:187-92. [PMID: 15236773 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2004.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2004] [Accepted: 02/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to cannabinoids was shown to induce long lasting impairment of learning and memory, which was accompanied by morphological damage to the brain. On the other hand, several studies have shown that cannabinoids can protect from various brain traumas. This enigmatic dualism is explained herein by a comprehensive hypothesis, which is based on our recent in vitro studies and on pharmacokinetic in vivo considerations. The hypothesis predicts that low concentrations of cannabinoids will be neurotoxic while high concentrations of the drugs will protect from neuronal damage, and suggests that chronic administration of cannabinoids will induce neuronal death, while their acute administration will protect the brain. We further propose straight forward experiments, both in vivo (animal models for brain damage) and in vitro (cell death in neuronal cultures) to verify this hypothesis. The outcome of these experiments may have practical applications when considering the use of cannabinoids as therapeutic agents and in evaluating the consequences of their use as recreational drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sarne
- The Mauerberger Chair in Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
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