1
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Becker AE, Kochanowski P, Wu PK, Wątor E, Chen W, Guchhait K, Biela AP, Grudnik P, Park JI. ERK1/2 interaction with DHPS regulates eIF5A deoxyhypusination independently of ERK kinase activity. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114831. [PMID: 39392755 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores a non-kinase effect of extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) on the interaction between deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) and its substrate, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). We report that Raf/MEK/ERK activation decreases the DHPS-ERK1/2 interaction while increasing DHPS-eIF5A association in cells. We determined the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the DHPS-ERK2 complex at 3.5 Å to show that ERK2 hinders substrate entrance to the DHPS active site, subsequently inhibiting deoxyhypusination in vitro. In cells, impairing the ERK2 activation loop, but not the catalytic site, prolongs the DHPS-ERK2 interaction irrespective of Raf/MEK signaling. The ERK2 Ser-Pro-Ser motif, but not the common docking or F-site recognition sites, also regulates this complex. These data suggest that ERK1/2 dynamically regulate the DHPS-eIF5A interaction in response to Raf/MEK activity, regardless of its kinase function. In contrast, ERK1/2 kinase activity is necessary to regulate the expression of DHPS and eIF5A. These findings highlight an ERK1/2-mediated dual kinase-dependent and -independent regulation of deoxyhypusination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Paweł Kochanowski
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Pui-Kei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Elżbieta Wątor
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Koushik Guchhait
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Artur P Biela
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemysław Grudnik
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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2
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Yang L, Guttman L, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. Parthanatos: Mechanisms, modulation, and therapeutic prospects in neurodegenerative disease and stroke. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 228:116174. [PMID: 38552851 PMCID: PMC11410548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Parthanatos is a cell death signaling pathway that has emerged as a compelling target for pharmaceutical intervention. It plays a pivotal role in the neuron loss and neuroinflammation that occurs in Parkinson's Disease (PD), Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Huntington's Disease (HD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and stroke. There are currently no treatments available to humans to prevent cell death in any of these diseases. This review provides an in-depth examination of the current understanding of the Parthanatos mechanism, with a particular focus on its implications in neuroinflammation and various diseases discussed herein. Furthermore, we thoroughly review potential intervention targets within the Parthanatos pathway. We dissect recent progress in inhibitory strategies, complimented by a detailed structural analysis of key Parthanatos executioners, PARP-1, AIF, and MIF, along with an assessment of their established inhibitors. We hope to introduce a new perspective on the feasibility of targeting components within the Parthanatos pathway, emphasizing its potential to bring about transformative outcomes in therapeutic interventions. By delineating therapeutic opportunities and known targets, we seek to emphasize the imperative of blocking Parthanatos as a precursor to developing disease-modifying treatments. This comprehensive exploration aims to catalyze a paradigm shift in our understanding of potential neurodegenerative disease therapeutics, advocating for the pursuit of effective interventions centered around Parthanatos inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lauren Guttman
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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3
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Feltes BC, Alvares LDO. PARP1 in the intersection of different DNA repair pathways, memory formation, and sleep pressure in neurons. J Neurochem 2024; 168:2351-2362. [PMID: 38750651 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) is a bottleneck that connects different DNA pathways during a DNA damage response. Interestingly, PARP1 has a dualist role in neurons, acting as a neuroprotector and inducer of cell death in distinct neurological diseases. Recent studies significantly expanded our knowledge of how PARP1 regulates repair pathways in neurons and uncovered new roles for PARP1 in promoting sleep to enhance DNA repair. Likewise, PARP1 is deeply associated with memory consolidation, implying that it has multiple layers of regulation in the neural tissue. In this review, we critically discuss PARP1 recent advances in neurons, focusing on its interplay with different DNA repair mechanisms, memory, and sleep. Provocative questions about how oxidative damage is accessed, and different hypotheses about the molecular mechanisms influenced by PARP1 in neurons are presented to expand the debate of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno César Feltes
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of BiosciencesFederal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Oliveira Alvares
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of BiosciencesFederal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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4
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Lu Y, Fu W, Xing W, Wu H, Zhang C, Xu D. Transcriptional regulation mechanism of PARP1 and its application in disease treatment. Epigenetics Chromatin 2024; 17:26. [PMID: 39118189 PMCID: PMC11308664 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-024-00550-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a multifunctional nuclear enzyme that catalyzes poly-ADP ribosylation in eukaryotic cells. In addition to maintaining genomic integrity, this nuclear enzyme is also involved in transcriptional regulation. PARP1 can trigger and maintain changes in the chromatin structure and directly recruit transcription factors. PARP1 also prevents DNA methylation. However, most previous reviews on PARP1 have focused on its involvement in maintaining genome integrity, with less focus on its transcriptional regulatory function. This article comprehensively reviews the transcriptional regulatory function of PARP1 and its application in disease treatment, providing new ideas for targeting PARP1 for the treatment of diseases other than cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
- Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Wenliang Fu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Xing
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Haowei Wu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China.
| | - Donggang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China.
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5
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Serrano J, Boyd J, Brown IS, Mason C, Smith KR, Karolyi K, Maurya SK, Meshram NN, Serna V, Link GM, Gardell SJ, Kyriazis GA. The TAS1R2 G-protein-coupled receptor is an ambient glucose sensor in skeletal muscle that regulates NAD homeostasis and mitochondrial capacity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4915. [PMID: 38851747 PMCID: PMC11162498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The bioavailability of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is vital for skeletal muscle health, yet the mechanisms or signals regulating NAD homeostasis remain unclear. Here, we uncover a pathway connecting peripheral glucose sensing to the modulation of muscle NAD through TAS1R2, the sugar-sensing G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) initially identified in taste perception. Muscle TAS1R2 receptor stimulation by glucose and other agonists induces ERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation and activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase1 (PARP1), a major NAD consumer in skeletal muscle. Consequently, muscle-specific deletion of TAS1R2 (mKO) in male mice suppresses PARP1 activity, elevating NAD levels and enhancing mitochondrial capacity and running endurance. Plasma glucose levels negatively correlate with muscle NAD, and TAS1R2 receptor deficiency enhances NAD responses across the glycemic range, implicating TAS1R2 as a peripheral energy surveyor. These findings underscore the role of GPCR signaling in NAD regulation and propose TAS1R2 as a potential therapeutic target for maintaining muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Serrano
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Jordan Boyd
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Ian S Brown
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Carter Mason
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Kathleen R Smith
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Katalin Karolyi
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Santosh K Maurya
- Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Nishita N Meshram
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Vanida Serna
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Grace M Link
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Stephen J Gardell
- Translational Research Institute, Advent Health, Orlando, 32804, USA
| | - George A Kyriazis
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA.
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6
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Safdar R, Mishra A, Shah GM, Ashraf MZ. Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 modulations in the genesis of thrombosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2024; 57:743-753. [PMID: 38787496 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-024-02974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Thrombosis, a coagulation disorder, occurs due to altered levels of coagulation, fibrinolytic and immune factors, which are otherwise known to maintain hemostasis in normal physiological conditions. Here, we review the direct and indirect participation of a multifunctional nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) in the expression of key genes and cellular processes involved in thrombotic pathogenesis. PARP1 biological activities range from maintenance of genomic integrity, chromatin remodeling, base excision DNA repair, stress responses to cell death, angiogenesis and cell cycle pathways. However, under homeostatic imbalances, PARP1 activities are linked with the pathogenesis of diseases, including cancer, aging, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Disease-associated distressed cells employ a variety of PARP-1 functions such as oxidative damage exacerbations, cellular energetics and apoptosis pathways, regulation of inflammatory mediators, promotion of endothelial dysfunction, and ERK-mediated signaling in pathogenesis. Thrombosis is one such pathogenesis that comprises exacerbation of coagulation cascade due to biochemical alterations in endothelial cells, platelet activation, overexpression of adhesion molecules, cytokines release, and leukocyte adherence. Thus, the activation of endothelial and inflammatory cells in thrombosis implicates a potential role of PARP1 activation in thrombogenesis. This review article explores the direct impact of PARP1 activation in the etiology of thrombosis and discusses PARP1-mediated endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and epigenetic regulations in the disease manifestation. Understanding PARP1 functions associated with thrombosis may elucidate novel pathogenetic mechanisms and help in better disease management through newer therapeutic interventions targeting PARP1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raishal Safdar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Aastha Mishra
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Girish M Shah
- Neuroscience Division, CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
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7
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De Silva WGM, Sequeira VB, Yang C, Dixon KM, Holland AJA, Mason RS, Rybchyn MS. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 Suppresses UV-Induced Poly(ADP-Ribose) Levels in Primary Human Keratinocytes, as Detected by a Novel Whole-Cell ELISA. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5583. [PMID: 38891771 PMCID: PMC11171802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoprotective properties of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) to reduce UV-induced DNA damage have been established in several studies. UV-induced DNA damage in skin such as single or double strand breaks is known to initiate several cellular mechanisms including activation of poly(ADP-ribose) (pADPr) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). DNA damage from UV also increases extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, which further increases PARP activity. PARP-1 functions by using cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to synthesise pADPr moieties and attach these to target proteins involved in DNA repair. Excessive PARP-1 activation following cellular stress such as UV irradiation may result in excessive levels of cellular pADPr. This can also have deleterious effects on cellular energy levels due to depletion of NAD+ to suboptimal levels. Since our previous work indicated that 1,25(OH)2D3 reduced UV-induced DNA damage in part through increased repair via increased energy availability, the current study investigated the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on UV-induced PARP-1 activity using a novel whole-cell enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which quantified levels of the enzymatic product of PARP-1, pADPr. This whole cell assay used around 5000 cells per replicate measurement, which represents a 200-400-fold decrease in cell requirement compared to current commercial assays that measure in vitro pADPr levels. Using our assay, we observed that UV exposure significantly increased pADPr levels in human keratinocytes, while 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly reduced levels of UV-induced pADPr in primary human keratinocytes to a similar extent as a known PARP-1 inhibitor, 3-aminobenzamide (3AB). Further, both 1,25(OH)2D3 and 3AB as well as a peptide inhibitor of ERK-phosphorylation significantly reduced DNA damage in UV-exposed keratinocytes. The current findings support the proposal that reduction in pADPr levels may be critical for the function of 1,25(OH)2D3 in skin to reduce UV-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Bernadette Sequeira
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Katie Marie Dixon
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Andrew J. A. Holland
- Douglas Cohen Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rebecca Sara Mason
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mark Stephen Rybchyn
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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8
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Yao H, Wu Y, Zhong Y, Huang C, Guo Z, Jin Y, Wang X. Role of c-Fos in DNA damage repair. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31216. [PMID: 38327128 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
c-Fos, a member of the immediate early gene, serves as a widely used marker of neuronal activation induced by various types of brain damage. In addition, c-Fos is believed to play a regulatory role in DNA damage repair. This paper reviews the literature on c-Fos' involvement in the regulation of DNA damage repair and indicates that genes of the Fos family can be induced by various forms of DNA damage. In addition, cells lacking c-Fos have difficulties in DNA repair. c-Fos is involved in tumorigenesis and progression as a proto-oncogene that maintains cancer cell survival, which may also be related to DNA repair. c-Fos may impact the repair of DNA damage by regulating the expression of downstream proteins, including ATR, ERCC1, XPF, and others. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms necessitate further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilun Wu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Zhong
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxuan Huang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zimo Guo
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinpeng Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianli Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Grogan L, Shapiro P. Progress in the development of ERK1/2 inhibitors for treating cancer and other diseases. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2024; 100:181-207. [PMID: 39034052 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are ubiquitous regulators of many cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell death. ERK1/2 regulate cell functions by phosphorylating a diverse collection of protein substrates consisting of other kinases, transcription factors, structural proteins, and other regulatory proteins. ERK1/2 regulation of cell functions is tightly regulated through the balance between activating phosphorylation by upstream kinases and inactivating dephosphorylation by phosphatases. Disruption of homeostatic ERK1/2 regulation caused by elevated extracellular signals or mutations in upstream regulatory proteins leads to the constitutive activation of ERK1/2 signaling and uncontrolled cell proliferation observed in many types of cancer. Many inhibitors of upstream kinase regulators of ERK1/2 have been developed and are part of targeted therapeutic options to treat a variety of cancers. However, the efficacy of these drugs in providing sustained patient responses is limited by the development of acquired resistance often involving re-activation of ERK1/2. As such, recent drug discovery efforts have focused on the direct targeting of ERK1/2. Several ATP competitive ERK1/2 inhibitors have been identified and are being tested in cancer clinical trials. One drug, Ulixertinib (BVD-523), has received FDA approval for use in the Expanded Access Program for patients with no other therapeutic options. This review provides an update on ERK1/2 inhibitors in clinical trials, their successes and limitations, and new academic drug discovery efforts to modulate ERK1/2 signaling for treating cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Grogan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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10
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Liu YL, Liu JY, Zhu XX, Wei JH, Mi SL, Liu SY, Li XL, Zhang WW, Zhao LL, Wang H, Xu DX, Gao L. Pubertal exposure to Microcystin-LR arrests spermatogonia proliferation by inducing DSB and inhibiting SIRT6 dependent DNA repair in vivo and in vitro. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116191. [PMID: 38460408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The reproduction toxicity of pubertal exposure to Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and the underlying mechanism needs to be further investigated. In the current study, pubertal male ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected with 2 μg/kg MC-LR for four weeks. Pubertal exposure to MC-LR decreased epididymal sperm concentration and blocked spermatogonia proliferation. In-vitro studies found MC-LR inhibited cell proliferation of GC-1 cells and arrested cell cycle in G2/M phase. Mechanistically, MC-LR exposure evoked excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced DNA double-strand break in GC-1 cells. Besides, MC-LR inhibited DNA repair by reducing PolyADP-ribosylation (PARylation) activity of PARP1. Further study found MC-LR caused proteasomal degradation of SIRT6, a monoADP-ribosylation enzyme which is essential for PARP1 PARylation activity, due to destruction of SIRT6-USP10 interaction. Additionally, MG132 pretreatment alleviated MC-LR-induced SIRT6 degradation and promoted DNA repair, leading to the restoration of cell proliferation inhibition. Correspondingly, N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) pre-treatment mitigated the disturbed SIRT6-USP10 interaction and SIRT6 degradation, causing recovered DNA repair and subsequently restoration of cell proliferation inhibition in MC-LR treated GC-1 cells. Together, pubertal exposure to MC-LR induced spermatogonia cell cycle arrest and sperm count reduction by oxidative DNA damage and simultaneous SIRT6-mediated DNA repair failing. This study reports the effect of pubertal exposure to MC-LR on spermatogenesis and complex mechanism how MC-LR induces spermatogonia cell proliferation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jia-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shuang-Ling Mi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Su-Ya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiu-Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ling-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Lan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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11
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Melikishvili M, Fried MG, Fondufe-Mittendorf YN. Cooperative nucleic acid binding by Poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7530. [PMID: 38553566 PMCID: PMC10980755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58076-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) is an abundant nuclear protein well-known for its role in DNA repair yet also participates in DNA replication, transcription, and co-transcriptional splicing, where DNA is undamaged. Thus, binding to undamaged regions in DNA and RNA is likely a part of PARP1's normal repertoire. Here we describe analyses of PARP1 binding to two short single-stranded DNAs, a single-stranded RNA, and a double stranded DNA. The investigations involved comparing the wild-type (WT) full-length enzyme with mutants lacking the catalytic domain (∆CAT) or zinc fingers 1 and 2 (∆Zn1∆Zn2). All three protein types exhibited monomeric characteristics in solution and formed saturated 2:1 complexes with single-stranded T20 and U20 oligonucleotides. These complexes formed without accumulation of 1:1 intermediates, a pattern suggestive of positive binding cooperativity. The retention of binding activities by ∆CAT and ∆Zn1∆Zn2 enzymes suggests that neither the catalytic domain nor zinc fingers 1 and 2 are indispensable for cooperative binding. In contrast, when a double stranded 19mer DNA was tested, WT PARP1 formed a 4:1 complex while the ∆Zn1Zn2 mutant binding saturated at 1:1 stoichiometry. These deviations from the 2:1 pattern observed with T20 and U20 oligonucleotides show that PARP's binding mechanism can be influenced by the secondary structure of the nucleic acid. Our studies show that PARP1:nucleic acid interactions are strongly dependent on the nucleic acid type and properties, perhaps reflecting PARP1's ability to respond differently to different nucleic acid ligands in cells. These findings lay a platform for understanding how the functionally versatile PARP1 recognizes diverse oligonucleotides within the realms of chromatin and RNA biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manana Melikishvili
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Michael G Fried
- Center for Structural Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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12
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Anderson JW, Vaisar D, Jones DN, Pegram LM, Vigers GP, Chen H, Moffat JG, Ahn NG. Conformation selection by ATP-competitive inhibitors and allosteric communication in ERK2. eLife 2024; 12:RP91507. [PMID: 38537148 PMCID: PMC10972564 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 (ERK2) by phosphorylation has been shown to involve changes in protein dynamics, as determined by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and NMR relaxation dispersion measurements. These can be described by a global exchange between two conformational states of the active kinase, named 'L' and 'R,' where R is associated with a catalytically productive ATP-binding mode. An ATP-competitive ERK1/2 inhibitor, Vertex-11e, has properties of conformation selection for the R-state, revealing movements of the activation loop that are allosterically coupled to the kinase active site. However, the features of inhibitors important for R-state selection are unknown. Here, we survey a panel of ATP-competitive ERK inhibitors using HDX-MS and NMR and identify 14 new molecules with properties of R-state selection. They reveal effects propagated to distal regions in the P+1 and helix αF segments surrounding the activation loop, as well as helix αL16. Crystal structures of inhibitor complexes with ERK2 reveal systematic shifts in the Gly loop and helix αC, mediated by a Tyr-Tyr ring stacking interaction and the conserved Lys-Glu salt bridge. The findings suggest a model for the R-state involving small movements in the N-lobe that promote compactness within the kinase active site and alter mobility surrounding the activation loop. Such properties of conformation selection might be exploited to modulate the protein docking interface used by ERK substrates and effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake W Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of ColoradoBoulderUnited States
| | - David Vaisar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of ColoradoBoulderUnited States
| | - David N Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CenterBoulderUnited States
| | - Laurel M Pegram
- Department of Biochemistry, University of ColoradoBoulderUnited States
| | | | - Huifen Chen
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - Natalie G Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of ColoradoBoulderUnited States
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13
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Chen R, Xie L, Fan Y, Hua X, Chung CY. Vesicular translocation of PARP-1 to cytoplasm causes ADP-ribosylation and disassembly of vimentin filaments during microglia activation induced by LPS. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1363154. [PMID: 38590714 PMCID: PMC10999663 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1363154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation plays a significant role in various biological processes including genomic stability maintenance, transcriptional regulation, energy metabolism, and cell death. Using macrodomain pull-down assay with microglia lysates and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis, we identified vimentin as a major protein highly ADP-ribosylated by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases-1 (PARP-1) in response to LPS. ABT-888, a potent inhibitor of PARP-1/2 blocks the disassembly and ADP-ribosylation of vimentin. PARP-1 is a highly abundant nuclear protein. Its nuclear functions in repairing DNA damages induced by various stress signals, such as inflammatory stresses, have been well studied. In contrast, limited studies have been done on the cytoplasmic role(s) of PARP-1. Our study focuses on the cytoplasmic role of PARP-1 during microglia activation. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blotting, we showed that a significant amount of PARP-1 is present in the cytosol of microglia cells stimulated and activated by LPS. Live cell imaging showed the translocation of nuclear PARP-1-EGFP to the cytoplasm in vesicular structures upon LPS stimulation. ABT-888 and U0126 can block this translocation. Immunofluorescence staining with various organelle marker antibodies revealed that PARP-1 vesicles show colocalization with Lamin A/C, suggesting they might be derived from the nuclear envelope through nuclear envelope budding. In conclusion, we demonstrated that PARP-1 is translocated from the nucleus to cytoplasm via vesicles upon LPS stimulation and that cytoplasmic PARP-1 causes ADP-ribosylation and disassembly of vimentin filaments during microglia activation induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lirui Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangmei Hua
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Y. Chung
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, United States
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14
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Sobotka AA, Tempera I. PARP1 as an Epigenetic Modulator: Implications for the Regulation of Host-Viral Dynamics. Pathogens 2024; 13:131. [PMID: 38392869 PMCID: PMC10891851 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The principal understanding of the Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) regulation of genomes has been focused on its role in DNA repair; however, in the past few years, an additional role for PARPs and PARylation has emerged in regulating viral-host interactions. In particular, in the context of DNA virus infection, PARP1-mediated mechanisms of gene regulations, such as the involvement with cellular protein complexes responsible for the folding of the genome into the nucleus, the formation of chromatin loops connecting distant regulatory genomic regions, and other methods of transcriptional regulation, provide additional ways through which PARPs can modulate the function of both the host and the viral genomes during viral infection. In addition, potential viral amplification of the activity of PARPs on the host genome can contribute to the pathogenic effect of viral infection, such as viral-driven oncogenesis, opening the possibility that PARP inhibition may represent a potential therapeutic approach to target viral infection. This review will focus on the role of PARPs, particularly PARP1, in regulating the infection of DNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher A. Sobotka
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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15
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Liu J, Liu K, Wang Y, Shi Z, Xu R, Zhang Y, Li J, Liu C, Xue B. Death receptor 5 is required for intestinal stem cell activity during intestinal epithelial renewal at homoeostasis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:27. [PMID: 38199990 PMCID: PMC10782029 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial renewal, which depends on the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), is essential for epithelial homoeostasis. Understanding the mechanism controlling ISC activity is important. We found that death receptor 5 (DR5) gene deletion (DR5-/-) mice had impaired epithelial absorption and barrier function, resulting in delayed weight gain, which might be related to the general reduction of differentiated epithelial cells. In DR5-/- mice, the expression of ISC marker genes, the number of Olfm4+ ISCs, and the number of Ki67+ and BrdU+ cells in crypt were reduced. Furthermore, DR5 deletion inhibited the expression of lineage differentiation genes driving ISC differentiation into enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, and Paneth cells. Therefore, DR5 gene loss may inhibit the intestinal epithelial renewal by dampening ISC activity. The ability of crypts from DR5-/- mice to form organoids decreased, and selective DR5 activation by Bioymifi promoted organoid growth and the expression of ISC and intestinal epithelial cell marker genes. Silencing of endogenous DR5 ligand TRAIL in organoids down-regulated the expression of ISC and intestinal epithelial cell marker genes. So, DR5 expressed in intestinal crypts was involved in the regulation of ISC activity. DR5 deletion in vivo or activation in organoids inhibited or enhanced the activity of Wnt, Notch, and BMP signalling through regulating the production of Paneth cell-derived ISC niche factors. DR5 gene deletion caused apoptosis and DNA damage in transit amplifying cells by inhibiting ERK1/2 activity in intestinal crypts. Inhibition of ERK1/2 with PD0325901 dampened the ISC activity and epithelial regeneration. In organoids, when Bioymifi's effect in activating ERK1/2 activity was completely blocked by PD0325901, its role in stimulating ISC activity and promoting epithelial regeneration was also eliminated. In summary, DR5 in intestinal crypts is essential for ISC activity during epithelial renewal under homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kaixuan Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziru Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Runze Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yundi Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanyong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Xue
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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16
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Anderson JW, Vaisar D, Jones DN, Pegram LM, Vigers GP, Chen H, Moffat JG, Ahn NG. Conformation Selection by ATP-competitive Inhibitors and Allosteric Communication in ERK2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.557258. [PMID: 37745518 PMCID: PMC10515847 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.557258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the extracellular signal regulated kinase-2 (ERK2) by phosphorylation has been shown to involve changes in protein dynamics, as determined by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and NMR relaxation dispersion measurements. These can be described by a global exchange between two conformational states of the active kinase, named "L" and "R", where R is associated with a catalytically productive ATP-binding mode. An ATP-competitive ERK1/2 inhibitor, Vertex-11e, has properties of conformation selection for the R-state, revealing movements of the activation loop that are allosterically coupled to the kinase active site. However, the features of inhibitors important for R-state selection are unknown. Here we survey a panel of ATP-competitive ERK inhibitors using HDX-MS and NMR and identify 14 new molecules with properties of R-state selection. They reveal effects propagated to distal regions in the P+1 and helix αF segments surrounding the activation loop, as well as helix αL16. Crystal structures of inhibitor complexes with ERK2 reveal systematic shifts in the Gly loop and helix αC, mediated by a Tyr-Tyr ring stacking interaction and the conserved Lys-Glu salt bridge. The findings suggest a model for the R-state involving small movements in the N-lobe that promote compactness within the kinase active site and alter mobility surrounding the activation loop. Such properties of conformation selection might be exploited to modulate the protein docking interface used by ERK substrates and effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Vaisar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
| | - David N. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Laurel M. Pegram
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
- Present address: Loxo Oncology, Louisville, CO 80027
| | - Guy P. Vigers
- Array BioPharma, Inc., Boulder, CO
- Present address: Allium Consulting LLC, Boulder, CO 80304
| | - Huifen Chen
- Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Natalie G. Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
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17
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Martin-Vega A, Cobb MH. Navigating the ERK1/2 MAPK Cascade. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1555. [PMID: 37892237 PMCID: PMC10605237 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The RAS-ERK pathway is a fundamental signaling cascade crucial for many biological processes including proliferation, cell cycle control, growth, and survival; common across all cell types. Notably, ERK1/2 are implicated in specific processes in a context-dependent manner as in stem cells and pancreatic β-cells. Alterations in the different components of this cascade result in dysregulation of the effector kinases ERK1/2 which communicate with hundreds of substrates. Aberrant activation of the pathway contributes to a range of disorders, including cancer. This review provides an overview of the structure, activation, regulation, and mutational frequency of the different tiers of the cascade; with a particular focus on ERK1/2. We highlight the importance of scaffold proteins that contribute to kinase localization and coordinate interaction dynamics of the kinases with substrates, activators, and inhibitors. Additionally, we explore innovative therapeutic approaches emphasizing promising avenues in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martin-Vega
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Rd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Melanie H. Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Rd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Rd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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18
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Legrand AJ, Choul-li S, Villeret V, Aumercier M. Poly(ADP-ribose) Polyremase-1 (PARP-1) Inhibition: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for ETS-Expressing Tumours. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13454. [PMID: 37686260 PMCID: PMC10487777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
ETS transcription factors are a highly conserved family of proteins involved in the progression of many cancers, such as breast and prostate carcinomas, Ewing's sarcoma, and leukaemias. This significant involvement can be explained by their roles at all stages of carcinogenesis progression. Generally, their expression in tumours is associated with a poor prognosis and an aggressive phenotype. Until now, no efficient therapeutic strategy had emerged to specifically target ETS-expressing tumours. Nevertheless, there is evidence that pharmacological inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a key DNA repair enzyme, specifically sensitises ETS-expressing cancer cells to DNA damage and limits tumour progression by leading some of the cancer cells to death. These effects result from a strong interplay between ETS transcription factors and the PARP-1 enzyme. This review summarises the existing knowledge of this molecular interaction and discusses the promising therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud J. Legrand
- CNRS, EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.J.L.); (V.V.)
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Deter-minants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Souhaila Choul-li
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Chouaib Doukkali, BP-20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco;
| | - Vincent Villeret
- CNRS, EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.J.L.); (V.V.)
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Deter-minants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marc Aumercier
- CNRS, EMR9002 Integrative Structural Biology, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.J.L.); (V.V.)
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Deter-minants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000 Lille, France
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19
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Agudo-Ibáñez L, Morante M, García-Gutiérrez L, Quintanilla A, Rodríguez J, Muñoz A, León J, Crespo P. ERK2 stimulates MYC transcription by anchoring CDK9 to the MYC promoter in a kinase activity-independent manner. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadg4193. [PMID: 37463244 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg4193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor MYC regulates cell proliferation, transformation, and survival in response to growth factor signaling that is mediated in part by the kinase activity of ERK2. Because ERK2 can also bind to DNA to modify gene expression, we investigated whether it more directly regulates MYC transcription. We identified ERK2 binding sites in the MYC promoter and detected ERK2 at the promoter in various serum-stimulated cell types. Expression of nuclear-localized ERK2 constructs in serum-starved cells revealed that ERK2 in the nucleus-regardless of its kinase activity-increased MYC mRNA expression and MYC protein abundance. ERK2 bound to the promoter through its amino-terminal insert domain and to the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK9 (which activates RNA polymerase II) through its carboxyl-terminal conserved docking domain. Both interactions were essential for ERK2-induced MYC expression, and depleting ERK impaired CDK9 occupancy and RNA polymerase II progression at the MYC promoter. Artificially tethering CDK9 to the MYC promoter by fusing it to the ERK2 insert domain was sufficient to stimulate MYC expression in serum-starved cells. Our findings demonstrate a role for ERK2 at the MYC promoter acting as a kinase-independent anchor for the recruitment of CDK9 to promote MYC expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Agudo-Ibáñez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Marta Morante
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Lucía García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Andrea Quintanilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 2809, Spain
| | - Javier León
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Piero Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 2809, Spain
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20
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M A, Xavier J, A S F, Bisht P, Murti K, Ravichandiran V, Kumar N. Epigenetic basis for PARP mutagenesis in glioblastoma: A review. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175424. [PMID: 36442619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Several modifications in the glioblastoma genes are caused by epigenetic modifications, which are crucial in appropriate developmental processes such as self-renewal and destiny determination of neural stem cells. Poly (ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) is an essential cofactor involved in DNA repair as well as several other cellular functions such as transcription and chromatin shape modification. Inhibiting PARP has evolved for triggering cell damage in cancerous cells when paired with certain other anticancer drugs including temozolomide (TMZ). PARP1 is involved with in base excision repair (BER) pathway, however its functionality differs across types of tumours. Epigenomics as well as chromosomal statistics have contributed to the growth of main subgroups of glioma, which serve as foundation for the categorization of central nervous system (CNS) tumours as well as a unique classification based only on DNA methylation information, which demonstrates extraordinary diagnostic accuracy. Unfortunately, not all patients respond to PARP inhibitors (PARPi), and there is no way to anticipate who will and who will not. In this field, PARPi are one of the innovative medicines currently being explored. As a result, cancer cells that also have a homologous recombination defect become fatal synthetically. As well as preparing the tumour microenvironment for immunotherapy, PARPi may enhance the lethal effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This article analyzes the justification and clinical evidence for PARPi in glioma to offer potential therapeutic approaches. Despite the effectiveness of these targeted drugs, researchers have looked into a number of resistance mechanisms as well as the growing usage of PARPi in clinical practice for the treatment of various malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu M
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Joyal Xavier
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Fathima A S
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Priya Bisht
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India; Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India.
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21
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Alemasova EE, Lavrik OI. A sePARate phase? Poly(ADP-ribose) versus RNA in the organization of biomolecular condensates. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:10817-10838. [PMID: 36243979 PMCID: PMC9638928 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Condensates are biomolecular assemblies that concentrate biomolecules without the help of membranes. They are morphologically highly versatile and may emerge via distinct mechanisms. Nucleic acids-DNA, RNA and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) play special roles in the process of condensate organization. These polymeric scaffolds provide multiple specific and nonspecific interactions during nucleation and 'development' of macromolecular assemblages. In this review, we focus on condensates formed with PAR. We discuss to what extent the literature supports the phase separation origin of these structures. Special attention is paid to similarities and differences between PAR and RNA in the process of dynamic restructuring of condensates during their functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta E Alemasova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Olga I Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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22
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Morante M, Pandiella A, Crespo P, Herrero A. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and RAS-ERK Pathway-Targeted Drugs as Combined Therapy for the Treatment of Melanoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1562. [PMID: 36358912 PMCID: PMC9687808 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a highly immunogenic tumor with very poor survival rates due to immune system escape-mechanisms. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) and the programmed death-1 (PD1) receptors, are being used to impede immune evasion. This immunotherapy entails an increment in the overall survival rates. However, melanoma cells respond with evasive molecular mechanisms. ERK cascade inhibitors are also used in metastatic melanoma treatment, with the RAF activity blockade being the main therapeutic approach for such purpose, and in combination with MEK inhibitors improves many parameters of clinical efficacy. Despite their efficacy in inhibiting ERK signaling, the rewiring of the melanoma cell-signaling results in disease relapse, constituting the reinstatement of ERK activation, which is a common cause of some resistance mechanisms. Recent studies revealed that the combination of RAS-ERK pathway inhibitors and ICI therapy present promising advantages for metastatic melanoma treatment. Here, we present a recompilation of the combined therapies clinically evaluated in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Morante
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)—Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)—Universidad de Salamanca and IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Piero Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)—Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Herrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)—Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28009 Madrid, Spain
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Role of NAD + and FAD in Ischemic Stroke Pathophysiology: An Epigenetic Nexus and Expanding Therapeutic Repertoire. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01287-4. [PMID: 36180651 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The redox coenzymes viz., oxidized β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) by way of generation of optimal reducing power and cellular energy currency (ATP), control a staggering array of metabolic reactions. The prominent cellular contenders for NAD+ utilization, inter alia, are sirtuins (SIRTs) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1), which have been significantly implicated in ischemic stroke (IS) pathogenesis. NAD+ and FAD are also two crucial epigenetic enzyme-required metabolites mediating histone deacetylation and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation through SIRTs and PARP-1 respectively, and demethylation through FAD-mediated lysine specific demethylase activity. These enzymes and post-translational modifications impinge on the components of neurovascular unit, primarily neurons, and elicit diverse functional upshots in an ischemic brain. These could be circumstantially linked with attendant cognitive deficits and behavioral outcomes in post-stroke epoch. Parsing out the contribution of NAD+/FAD-synthesizing and utilizing enzymes towards epigenetic remodeling in IS setting, together with their cognitive and behavioral associations, combined with possible therapeutic implications will form the crux of this review.
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Enhanced Cytotoxicity on Cancer Cells by Combinational Treatment of PARP Inhibitor and 5-Azadeoxycytidine Accompanying Distinct Transcriptional Profiles. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174171. [PMID: 36077707 PMCID: PMC9454563 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We investigated the effect of combinational use of PARP inhibitors on cytotoxicity of 5-aza-dC in human cancer cell lines. The combinational treatment of 5-aza-dC and PARP inhibitor PJ-34 exhibited a stronger cytotoxicity compared with their treatment alone in blood cancer HL-60, U937, and colon cancer HCT116 and RKO cells. In microarray analysis, combinational treatment with PJ-34 and 5-aza-dC caused different broad changes in gene expression profiles compared with their single treatments in both HCT116 and RKO cells. The profiles of reactivation of silenced genes were also different in combination of PJ-34 and 5-aza-dC and their single treatments. The results suggest that a combination of 5-aza-dC and PARP inhibitor may be useful by inducing distinct transcriptional profile changes. Abstract Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is involved in DNA repair and chromatin regulation. 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) inhibits DNA methyltransferases, induces hypomethylation, blocks DNA replication, and causes DNA single strand breaks (SSBs). As the PARP inhibitor is expected to affect both DNA repair and transcriptional regulations, we investigated the effect of combinational use of PARP inhibitors on cytotoxicity of 5-aza-dC in human cancer cell lines. The combinational treatment of 5-aza-dC and PARP inhibitor PJ-34 exhibited a stronger cytotoxicity compared with their treatment alone in blood cancer HL-60, U937, and colon cancer HCT116 and RKO cells. Treatment with 5-aza-dC but not PJ-34 caused SSBs in HCT116 cell lines. Global genome DNA demethylation was observed after treatment with 5-aza-dC but not with PJ-34. Notably, in microarray analysis, combinational treatment with PJ-34 and 5-aza-dC caused dissimilar broad changes in gene expression profiles compared with their single treatments in both HCT116 and RKO cells. The profiles of reactivation of silenced genes were also different in combination of PJ-34 and 5-aza-dC and their single treatments. The results suggest that the combinational use of 5-aza-dC and PARP inhibitor may be useful by causing distinct transcriptional profile changes.
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Zong W, Gong Y, Sun W, Li T, Wang ZQ. PARP1: Liaison of Chromatin Remodeling and Transcription. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174162. [PMID: 36077699 PMCID: PMC9454564 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is a covalent post-translational modification and plays a key role in the immediate response of cells to stress signals. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), the founding member of the PARP superfamily, synthesizes long and branched polymers of ADP-ribose (PAR) onto acceptor proteins, thereby modulating their function and their local surrounding. PARP1 is the most prominent of the PARPs and is responsible for the production of about 90% of PAR in the cell. Therefore, PARP1 and PARylation play a pleotropic role in a wide range of cellular processes, such as DNA repair and genomic stability, cell death, chromatin remodeling, inflammatory response and gene transcription. PARP1 has DNA-binding and catalytic activities that are important for DNA repair, yet also modulate chromatin conformation and gene transcription, which can be independent of DNA damage response. PARP1 and PARylation homeostasis have also been implicated in multiple diseases, including inflammation, stroke, diabetes and cancer. Studies of the molecular action and biological function of PARP1 and PARylation provide a basis for the development of pharmaceutic strategies for clinical applications. This review focuses primarily on the role of PARP1 in the regulation of chromatin remodeling and transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); or (Z.-Q.W.)
| | - Yamin Gong
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tangliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); or (Z.-Q.W.)
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Liu HY, Liu YY, Zhang YL, Ning Y, Zhang FL, Li DQ. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of acetyltransferase NAT10 by PARP1 is required for its nucleoplasmic translocation and function in response to DNA damage. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:127. [PMID: 35986334 PMCID: PMC9389688 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00932-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), an abundant nucleolar protein with both lysine and RNA cytidine acetyltransferase activities, has been implicated in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome and human cancer. We and others recently demonstrated that NAT10 is translocated from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm after DNA damage, but the underlying mechanism remains unexplored. Methods The NAT10 and PARP1 knockout (KO) cell lines were generated using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Knockdown of PARP1 was performed using specific small interfering RNAs targeting PARP1. Cells were irradiated with γ-rays using a 137Cs Gammacell-40 irradiator and subjected to clonogenic survival assays. Co-localization and interaction between NAT10 and MORC2 were examined by immunofluorescent staining and immunoprecipitation assays, respectively. PARylation of NAT10 and translocation of NAT10 were determined by in vitro PARylation assays and immunofluorescent staining, respectively. Results Here, we provide the first evidence that NAT10 underwent covalent PARylation modification following DNA damage, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) catalyzed PARylation of NAT10 on three conserved lysine (K) residues (K1016, K1017, and K1020) within its C-terminal nucleolar localization signal motif (residues 983–1025). Notably, mutation of those three PARylation residues on NAT10, pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 activity, or depletion of PARP1 impaired NAT10 nucleoplasmic translocation after DNA damage. Knockdown or inhibition of PARP1 or expression of a PARylation-deficient mutant NAT10 (K3A) attenuated the co-localization and interaction of NAT10 with MORC family CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2), a newly identified chromatin-remodeling enzyme involved in DNA damage response, resulting in a decrease in DNA damage-induced MORC2 acetylation at lysine 767. Consequently, expression of a PARylation-defective mutant NAT10 resulted in enhanced cellular sensitivity to DNA damage agents. Conclusion Collectively, these findings indicate that PARP1-mediated PARylation of NAT10 is key for controlling its nucleoplasmic translocation and function in response to DNA damage. Moreover, our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the sophisticated paradigm of the posttranslational modification-driven cellular response to DNA damage. Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00932-1.
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Yamashita S, Tanaka M, Ida C, Kouyama K, Nakae S, Matsuki T, Tsuda M, Shirai T, Kamemura K, Nishi Y, Moss J, Miwa M. Physiological levels of poly(ADP-ribose) during the cell cycle regulate HeLa cell proliferation. Exp Cell Res 2022; 417:113163. [PMID: 35447104 PMCID: PMC10009817 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein targets of polyADP-ribosylation undergo covalent modification with high-molecular-weight, branched poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) of lengths up to 200 or more ADP-ribose residues derived from NAD+. PAR polymerase 1 (PARP1) is the most abundant and well-characterized enzyme involved in PAR biosynthesis. Extensive studies have been carried out to determine how polyADP-ribosylation (PARylation) regulates cell proliferation during cell cycle, with conflicting conclusions. Since significant activation of PARP1 occurs during cell lysis in vitro, we changed the standard method for cell lysis, and using our sensitive ELISA system, quantified without addition of a PAR glycohydrolase inhibitor and clarified that the PAR level is significantly higher in S phase than that in G1. Under normal condition in the absence of exogenous DNA-damaging agent, PAR turns over with a half-life of <40 s; consistent with significant decrease of NAD+ levels in S phase, which is rescued by PARP inhibitors, in line with the observed rapid turnover of PAR. PARP inhibitors delayed cell cycle in S phase and decreased cell proliferation. Our results underscore the importance of a suitable assay system to measure rapid PAR chain dynamics in living cells and aid our understanding of the function of PARylation during the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Yamashita
- Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Masakazu Tanaka
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Chieri Ida
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, College of Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya-shi, Aichi, 467-8610, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kouyama
- Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Setsu Nakae
- Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Taisuke Matsuki
- Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuda
- Program of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shirai
- Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kamemura
- Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Yoshisuke Nishi
- Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Joel Moss
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1590, USA
| | - Masanao Miwa
- Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan.
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Tiwari P, Khan H, Singh TG, Grewal AK. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase: An Overview of Mechanistic Approaches and Therapeutic Opportunities in the Management of Stroke. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1830-1852. [PMID: 35437712 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality accompanied by blood supply loss to a particular brain area. Several mechanistic approaches such as inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, therapies against tissue thrombosis, and neutrophils lead to stroke's therapeutic intervention. Evidence obtained with the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition and animals having a deficiency of PARP enzymes; represented the role of PARP in cerebral stroke, ischemia/reperfusion, and neurotrauma. PARP is a nuclear enzyme superfamily with various isoforms, each with different structural domains and functions, and out of all, PARP-1 is the best-characterized member. It has been shown to perform multiple physiological as well as pathological processes, including its role in inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The enzyme interacts with NF-κB, p53, and other transcriptional factors to regulate survival and cell death and modulates multiple downstream signaling pathways. Clinical trials have also been conducted using PARP inhibitors for numerous disorders and have shown positive results. However, additional information is yet to be established for the therapeutic intervention of PARP inhibitors in stroke. These agents' utilization appears to be challenging due to their unknown potential long-term side effects. PARP activity increased during ischemia, but its inhibition provided significant neuroprotection. Despite the increased interest in PARP as a pharmacological modulator for novel therapeutic therapies, the current review focused on stroke and poly ADP-ribosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Tiwari
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Bonafé GA, dos Santos JS, Ziegler JV, Marson FAL, Rocha T, Ortega MM. Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate on Melanoma Cell Line: Inhibition of Cerebral Metastases Formation by Targeting NF-kB Genes-Mediating MicroRNA-4443 and MicroRNA-3620-Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate Effect on Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137251. [PMID: 35806253 PMCID: PMC9266887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a natural compound isolated from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), has exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects in vitro. Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DPG), a dipotassium salt of GA, also has shown an anti-tumor effect on glioblastoma cell lines, U87MG and T98G. The study investigated the DPG effects in the melanoma cell line (SK-MEL-28). MTT assay demonstrated that the viability of the cells was significantly decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner after DPG (IC50 = 36 mM; 24 h). DNA fragmentation suggested that DPG (IC50) induced cellular apoptosis, which was confirmed by a significant number of TUNEL-positive cells (p-value = 0.048) and by PARP-1 [0.55 vs. 1.02 arbitrary units (AUs), p-value = 0.001], BAX (1.91 vs. 1.05 AUs, p-value = 0.09), and BCL-2 (0.51 vs. 1.07 AUs, p-value = 0.0018) mRNA compared to control cells. The proliferation and wound-healing assays showed an anti-proliferative effect on DPG-IC50-treated cells, also indicating an inhibitory effect on cell migration (p-values < 0.001). Moreover, it was observed that DPG promoted a 100% reduction in melanospheres formation (p-value = 0.008). Our previous microRNAs (miRs) global analysis has revealed that DPG might increase miR-4443 and miR-3620 expression levels. Thus, qPCR showed that after DPG treatment, SK-MEL-28 cells presented significantly high miR-4443 (1.77 vs. 1.04 AUs, p-value = 0.02) and miR-3620 (2.30 vs. 1.00 AUs, p-value = 0.01) expression compared to control cells, which are predicted to target the NF-kB, CD209 and TNC genes, respectively. Both genes are responsible for cell attachment and migration, and qPCR revealed significantly decreased CD209 (1.01 vs. 0.54 AUs, p-value = 0.018) and TNC (1.00 vs. 0.31 AUs, p-value = 2.38 × 10−6) mRNA expression levels after DPG compared to untreated cells. Furthermore, the migration of SK-MEL-28 cells stimulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was attenuated by adding DPG by wound-healing assay (48 h: p-value = 0.004; 72 h: p-value = 7.0 × 10−4). In addition, the MMP-9 expression level was inhibited by DPG in melanoma cells stimulated by TPA and compared to TPA-treated cells (3.56 vs. 0.99 AUs, p-value = 0.0016) after 24 h of treatment. Our results suggested that DPG has an apoptotic, anti-proliferative, and anti-migratory effect on SK-MEL-28 cells. DPG was also able to inhibit cancer stem-like cells that may cause cerebral tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Alves Bonafé
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.A.B.); (J.S.d.S.); (F.A.L.M.)
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, USF, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Silva dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.A.B.); (J.S.d.S.); (F.A.L.M.)
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, USF, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.A.B.); (J.S.d.S.); (F.A.L.M.)
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, USF, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thalita Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health, Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, Sorocaba 05014-901, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Manoela Marques Ortega
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.A.B.); (J.S.d.S.); (F.A.L.M.)
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, USF, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-2454-8471
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A Long-Lasting PARP1-Activation Mediates Signal-Induced Gene Expression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091576. [PMID: 35563882 PMCID: PMC9101275 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This overview presents recent evidence for a long-lasting PARP1 activation by a variety of signal transduction mechanisms, mediating signal-induced gene expression and chromatin remodeling. This mode of PARP1 activation has been reported in a variety of cell types, under physiological conditions. In this mechanism, PARP1 is not transiently activated by binding to DNA breaks. Moreover, damaged DNA interfered with this long-lasting PARP1 activation.
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Neuroprotective Effects of PARP Inhibitors in Drosophila Models of Alzheimer’s Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081284. [PMID: 35455964 PMCID: PMC9027574 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible age-related neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by severe memory impairment, language deficits and cognitive decline. The major neuropathological hallmarks of AD include extracellular deposits of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides and cytoplasmic neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The accumulation of plaques and tangles in the brain triggers a cascade of molecular events that culminate in neuronal damage and cell death. Despite extensive research, our understanding of the molecular basis of AD pathogenesis remains incomplete and a cure for this devastating disease is still not available. A growing body of evidence in different experimental models suggests that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) overactivation might be a crucial component of the molecular network of interactions responsible for AD pathogenesis. In this work, we combined genetic, molecular and biochemical approaches to investigate the effects of two different PARP-1 inhibitors (olaparib and MC2050) in Drosophila models of Alzheimer’s disease by exploring their neuroprotective and therapeutic potential in vivo. We found that both pharmacological inhibition and genetic inactivation of PARP-1 significantly extend lifespan and improve the climbing ability of transgenic AD flies. Consistently, PARP-1 inhibitors lead to a significant decrease of Aβ42 aggregates and partially rescue the epigenetic alterations associated with AD in the brain. Interestingly, olaparib and MC2050 also suppress the AD-associated aberrant activation of transposable elements in neuronal tissues of AD flies.
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Ouellette MM, Zhou S, Yan Y. Cell Signaling Pathways That Promote Radioresistance of Cancer Cells. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030656. [PMID: 35328212 PMCID: PMC8947583 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is a standard treatment for solid tumors and about 50% of patients with cancer, including pediatric cancer, receive RT. While RT has significantly improved the overall survival and quality of life of cancer patients, its efficacy has still been markedly limited by radioresistance in a significant number of cancer patients (intrinsic or acquired), resulting in failure of the RT control of the disease. Radiation eradicates cancer cells mainly by causing DNA damage. However, radiation also concomitantly activates multiple prosurvival signaling pathways, which include those mediated by ATM, ATR, AKT, ERK, and NF-κB that promote DNA damage checkpoint activation/DNA repair, autophagy induction, and/or inhibition of apoptosis. Furthermore, emerging data support the role of YAP signaling in promoting the intrinsic radioresistance of cancer cells, which occurs through its activation of the transcription of many essential genes that support cell survival, DNA repair, proliferation, and the stemness of cancer stem cells. Together, these signaling pathways protect cancer cells by reducing the magnitude of radiation-induced cytotoxicity and promoting radioresistance. Thus, targeting these prosurvival signaling pathways could potentially improve the radiosensitivity of cancer cells. In this review, we summarize the contribution of these pathways to the radioresistance of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel M. Ouellette
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Sumin Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Diehl JN, Hibshman PS, Ozkan-Dagliyan I, Goodwin CM, Howard SV, Cox AD, Der CJ. Targeting the ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade for the treatment of KRAS-mutant pancreatic cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 153:101-130. [PMID: 35101228 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutational activation of the KRAS oncogene is found in ~95% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the major form of pancreatic cancer. With substantial experimental evidence that continued aberrant KRAS function is essential for the maintenance of PDAC tumorigenic growth, the National Cancer Institute has identified the development of effective anti-KRAS therapies as one of four major initiatives for pancreatic cancer research. The recent clinical success in the development of an anti-KRAS therapy targeting one specific KRAS mutant (G12C) supports the significant potential impact of anti-KRAS therapies. However, KRASG12C mutations comprise only 2% of KRAS mutations in PDAC. Thus, there remains a dire need for additional therapeutic approaches for targeting the majority of KRAS-mutant PDAC. Among the different directions currently being pursued for anti-KRAS drug development, one of the most promising involves inhibitors of the key KRAS effector pathway, the three-tiered RAF-MEK-ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. We address the promises and challenges of targeting ERK MAPK signaling as an anti-KRAS therapy for PDAC. In particular, we also summarize the key role of the MYC transcription factor and oncoprotein in supporting ERK-dependent growth of KRAS-mutant PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nathaniel Diehl
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Priya S Hibshman
- Cell Biology and Physiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Irem Ozkan-Dagliyan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Craig M Goodwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sarah V Howard
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Adrienne D Cox
- Cell Biology and Physiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Channing J Der
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Cell Biology and Physiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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Wang Y, Pleasure D, Deng W, Guo F. Therapeutic Potentials of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1) Inhibition in Multiple Sclerosis and Animal Models: Concept Revisiting. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102853. [PMID: 34935305 PMCID: PMC8844485 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) plays a fundamental role in DNA repair and gene expression. Excessive PARP1 hyperactivation, however, has been associated with cell death. PARP1 and/or its activity are dysregulated in the immune and central nervous system of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and animal models. Pharmacological PARP1 inhibition is shown to be protective against immune activation and disease severity in MS animal models while genetic PARP1 deficiency studies reported discrepant results. The inconsistency suggests that the function of PARP1 and PARP1-mediated PARylation may be complex and context-dependent. The article reviews PARP1 functions, discusses experimental findings and possible interpretations of PARP1 in inflammation, neuronal/axonal degeneration, and oligodendrogliopathy, three major pathological components cooperatively determining MS disease course and neurological progression, and points out future research directions. Cell type specific PARP1 manipulations are necessary for revisiting the role of PARP1 in the three pathological components prior to moving PARP1 inhibition into clinical trials for MS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95817USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine/Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSacramentoCAUSA
| | - David Pleasure
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95817USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine/Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Wenbin Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Fuzheng Guo
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95817USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine/Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSacramentoCAUSA
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35
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Liu L, Li J, Ke Y, Zeng X, Gao J, Ba X, Wang R. The key players of parthanatos: opportunities for targeting multiple levels in the therapy of parthanatos-based pathogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:60. [PMID: 35000037 PMCID: PMC11073082 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04109-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parthanatos is a form of regulated cell death involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Parthanatos is a multistep cell death pathway cascade that involves poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) overactivation, PAR accumulation, PAR binding to apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), AIF release from the mitochondria, nuclear translocation of the AIF/macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) complex, and MIF-mediated large-scale DNA fragmentation. All the key players in the parthanatos pathway are pleiotropic proteins with diverse functions. An in-depth understanding of the structure-based activity of the key factors, and the biochemical mechanisms of parthanatos, is crucial for the development of drugs and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we delve into the key players of the parthanatos pathway and reveal the multiple levels of therapeutic opportunities for treating parthanatos-based pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Provenice, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaxiang Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Provenice, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yueshuang Ke
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Xianlu Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Jinmin Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Provenice, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xueqing Ba
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China.
| | - Ruoxi Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Provenice, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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36
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Wang Z, Huang W, Zhou K, Ren X, Ding K. Targeting the Non-Catalytic Functions: a New Paradigm for Kinase Drug Discovery? J Med Chem 2022; 65:1735-1748. [PMID: 35000385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases have been highly fruitful targets for cancer drug discovery in the past two decades, while most of these drugs bind to the "adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-site" and inhibit kinase catalytic activity. Recently, accumulated evidence suggests that kinases possess functions beyond catalysis through their scaffolds, and the scaffolding functions could play critical roles in multiple cellular signaling and cell fate controls. Small molecules modulating the noncatalytic functions of kinases are rarely reported but emerge as new promising therapeutic strategies for various diseases. Herein, we summarize the characterized noncatalytic functions of kinases, and highlight the recent progress on developing small-molecule modulators of the noncatalytic functions of kinases. Mechanisms and characteristics of different kinds of modulators are also discussed. It is also speculated that targeting the noncatalytic functions would represent a new direction for kinase-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Ren
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of People's Republic of China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of People's Republic of China, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.,The First Affiliated Hospital (Huaqiao Hospital), Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
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37
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Gandhirajan A, Roychowdhury S, Vachharajani V. Sirtuins and Sepsis: Cross Talk between Redox and Epigenetic Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010003. [PMID: 35052507 PMCID: PMC8772830 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are the leading causes of death among hospitalized patients in the US. The immune response in sepsis transitions from a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant hyper-inflammation to an anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective hypo-inflammatory phase. While 1/3rd sepsis-related deaths occur during hyper-, a vast majority of sepsis-mortality occurs during the hypo-inflammation. Hyper-inflammation is cytotoxic for the immune cells and cannot be sustained. As a compensatory mechanism, the immune cells transition from cytotoxic hyper-inflammation to a cytoprotective hypo-inflammation with anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive phase. However, the hypo-inflammation is associated with an inability to clear invading pathogens, leaving the host susceptible to secondary infections. Thus, the maladaptive immune response leads to a marked departure from homeostasis during sepsis-phases. The transition from hyper- to hypo-inflammation occurs via epigenetic programming. Sirtuins, a highly conserved family of histone deacetylators and guardians of homeostasis, are integral to the epigenetic programming in sepsis. Through their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, the sirtuins modulate the immune response in sepsis. We review the role of sirtuins in orchestrating the interplay between the oxidative stress and epigenetic programming during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anugraha Gandhirajan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.G.); (S.R.)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Correspondence:
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38
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Shackelford RE, Li Y, Ghali GE, Kevil CG. Bad Smells and Broken DNA: A Tale of Sulfur-Nucleic Acid Cooperation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1820. [PMID: 34829691 PMCID: PMC8614844 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter that exerts numerous physiologic and pathophysiologic effects. Recently, a role for H2S in DNA repair has been identified, where H2S modulates cell cycle checkpoint responses, the DNA damage response (DDR), and mitochondrial and nuclear genomic stability. In addition, several DNA repair proteins modulate cellular H2S concentrations and cellular sulfur metabolism and, in turn, are regulated by cellular H2S concentrations. Many DDR proteins are now pharmacologically inhibited in targeted cancer therapies. As H2S and the enzymes that synthesize it are increased in many human malignancies, it is likely that H2S synthesis inhibition by these therapies is an underappreciated aspect of these cancer treatments. Moreover, both H2S and DDR protein activities in cancer and cardiovascular diseases are becoming increasingly apparent, implicating a DDR-H2S signaling axis in these pathophysiologic processes. Taken together, H2S and DNA repair likely play a central and presently poorly understood role in both normal cellular function and a wide array of human pathophysiologic processes. Here, we review the role of H2S in DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney E. Shackelford
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA; (Y.L.); (C.G.K.)
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA; (Y.L.); (C.G.K.)
| | - Ghali E. Ghali
- Head & Neck Oncologic/Microvascular Reconstructive Surgery Department of Oral & Maxillofacial/Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA;
| | - Christopher G. Kevil
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA; (Y.L.); (C.G.K.)
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39
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Boehi F, Manetsch P, Hottiger MO. Interplay between ADP-ribosyltransferases and essential cell signaling pathways controls cellular responses. Cell Discov 2021; 7:104. [PMID: 34725336 PMCID: PMC8560908 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling cascades provide integrative and interactive frameworks that allow the cell to respond to signals from its environment and/or from within the cell itself. The dynamic regulation of mammalian cell signaling pathways is often modulated by cascades of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs). ADP-ribosylation is a PTM that is catalyzed by ADP-ribosyltransferases and manifests as mono- (MARylation) or poly- (PARylation) ADP-ribosylation depending on the addition of one or multiple ADP-ribose units to protein substrates. ADP-ribosylation has recently emerged as an important cell regulator that impacts a plethora of cellular processes, including many intracellular signaling events. Here, we provide an overview of the interplay between the intracellular diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferase (ARTD) family members and five selected signaling pathways (including NF-κB, JAK/STAT, Wnt-β-catenin, MAPK, PI3K/AKT), which are frequently described to control or to be controlled by ADP-ribosyltransferases and how these interactions impact the cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flurina Boehi
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Cancer Biology PhD Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Manetsch
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Science PhD Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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40
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Chen G, Zeng H, Li X, Liu J, Li Z, Xu R, Ma Y, Liu C, Xue B. Activation of G protein coupled estrogen receptor prevents chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis by inhibiting the DNA damage in crypt cell in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1- and 2- dependent manner. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1034. [PMID: 34718327 PMCID: PMC8557214 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis (CIM) is a common adverse reaction to antineoplastic treatment with few appropriate, specific interventions. We aimed to identify the role of the G protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in CIM and its mechanism. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with 5-fluorouracil to establish the CIM model. The selective GPER agonist G-1 significantly inhibited weight loss and histological damage in CIM mice and restored mucosal barrier dysfunction, including improving the expression of ZO-1, increasing the number of goblet cells, and decreasing mucosal permeability. Moreover, G-1 treatment did not alter the antitumor effect of 5-fluorouracil. In the CIM model, G-1 therapy reduced the expression of proapoptotic protein and cyclin D1 and cyclin B1, reversed the changes in the number of TUNEL+ cells, Ki67+ and bromodeoxyuridine+ cells in crypts. The selective GPER antagonist G15 eliminated all of the above effects caused by G-1 on CIM, and application of G15 alone increased the severity of CIM. GPER was predominantly expressed in ileal crypts, and G-1 inhibited the DNA damage induced by 5-fluorouracil in vivo and vitro, as confirmed by the decrease in the number of γH2AX+ cells in the crypts and the comet assay results. Referring to the data from GEO dataset we verified GPER activation restored ERK1/2 activity in CIM and 5-fluorouracil-treated IEC-6 cells. Once the effects of G-1 on ERK1/2 activity were abolished with the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD0325901, the effects of G-1 on DNA damage both in vivo and in vitro were eliminated. Correspondingly, all of the manifestations of G-1 protection against CIM were inhibited by PD0325901, such as body weight and histological changes, the mucosal barrier, the apoptosis and proliferation of crypt cells. In conclusion, GPER activation prevents CIM by inhibiting crypt cell DNA damage in an ERK1/2-dependent manner, suggesting GPER might be a target preventing CIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Honghui Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyun Li
- The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Runze Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuntao Ma
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chuanyong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Xue
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of basic medical science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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41
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Zou Y, Zhong C, Hu Z, Duan S. MiR-873-5p: A Potential Molecular Marker for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743701. [PMID: 34676171 PMCID: PMC8523946 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-873 is a microRNA located on chromosome 9p21.1. miR-873-5p and miR-873-3p are the two main members of the miR-873 family. Most studies focus on miR-873-5p, and there are a few studies on miR-873-3p. The expression level of miR-873-5p was down-regulated in 14 cancers and up-regulated in 4 cancers. miR-873-5p has many targeted genes, which have unique molecular functions such as catalytic activity, transcription regulation, and binding. miR-873-5p affects cancer development through the PIK3/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-Catenin, NF-κβ, and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. In addition, the target genes of miR-873-5p are closely related to the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, cell cycle, cell stemness, and glycolysis of cancer cells. The target genes of miR-873-5p are also related to the efficacy of several anti-cancer drugs. Currently, in cancer, the expression of miR-873-5p is regulated by a variety of epigenetic factors. This review summarizes the role and mechanism of miR-873-5p in human tumors shows the potential value of miR-873-5p as a molecular marker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenming Zhong
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Zekai Hu
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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42
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Mizuguchi H, Kitamura Y, Takeda N, Fukui H. Molecular Signaling and Transcriptional Regulation of Histamine H 1 Receptor Gene. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 59:91-110. [PMID: 34595742 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Histamine-activated histamine H1 receptor (H1R) signaling regulates many gene expressions, mainly through the protein kinase C (PKC)/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) signaling. Involvement of other signaling, including NF-κB, Wnt, RUNX-2, and Rho A signaling was also demonstrated. In addition, cAMP production through the activation of H1R signaling was reported. H1R gene itself is also up-regulated by the activation of H1R signaling with histamine. Here, we review our recent findings in the molecular signaling and transcriptional regulation of the H1R gene. Stimulation with histamine up-regulates H1R gene expression through the activation of H1R in HeLa cells. The PKCδ/ERK/poly(ADP)ribosyl transferase-1 (PARP-1) signaling was involved in this up-regulation. Heat shock protein 90 also plays an important role in regulating PKCδ translocation. Promoter analyses revealed the existence of two promoters in the human H1R gene in HeLa cells. H1R-activated H1R gene up-regulation in response to histamine was also observed in U373 astroglioma cells. However, this up-regulation was mediated not through the PKCδ signaling but possibly through the PKCα signaling. In addition, the promoter region responsible for histamine-induced H1R gene transcription in U373 cells was different from that of HeLa cells. These findings suggest that the molecular signaling and transcriptional regulation of the H1R gene are different between neuronal cells and non-neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Kitamura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Noriaki Takeda
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Sinha S, Molla S, Kundu CN. PARP1-modulated chromatin remodeling is a new target for cancer treatment. Med Oncol 2021; 38:118. [PMID: 34432161 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression requires certain tumorigenic mutations in genes encoding for different cellular and nuclear proteins. Altered expressions of these mutated genes are mediated by post-translational modifications and chromatin remodeling. Chromatin remodeling is mainly regulated by the chromatin remodeling enzyme complexes and histone modifications. Upon DNA damage, Poly-(ADP-ribose) Polymerase1 (PARP1) plays a very important role in the induction of chromatin modifications and activation of DNA repair pathways to repair the DNA lesion. It has been targeted to develop different anti-cancer therapeutic interventions and PARP inhibitors have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use. But it has been found that the cancer cells often develop resistance to these PARP inhibitors and chromatin remodeling helps in enhancing this process. Hence, it may be beneficial to target PARP1-mediated chromatin remodeling, which may allow to reverse the drug resistance. In the current review, we have discussed the role of chromatin remodeling in DNA repair, how PARP1 regulates modifications of chromatin dynamics, and the role of chromatin modifications in cancer. It has also been discussed how the PARP1-mediated chromatin remodeling can be targeted by PARP inhibitors alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents to establish novel anti-cancer therapeutics. We have also considered the use of PARG inhibitors that may enhance the action of PARP inhibitors to target different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Sinha
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Sefinew Molla
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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44
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Modulation of PARP-1 Activity in a Broad Time Window Attenuates Memorizing Fear. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126170. [PMID: 34201014 PMCID: PMC8226584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala plays a critical role in the acquisition and consolidation of fear-related memories. Recent studies have demonstrated that ADP-ribosylation of histones, accelerated by PARPs, affects the chromatin structure and the binding of chromatin remodeling complexes with transcription factors. Inhibition of PARP-1 activity during the labile phase of re-consolidation may erase memory. Accordingly, we investigated the possibility of interfering with fear conditioning by PARP-1 inhibition. Herein, we demonstrate that injection of PARP-1 inhibitors, specifically into the CeA or i.p., in different time windows post-retrieval, attenuates freezing behavior. Moreover, the association of memory with pharmacokinetic timing of PARP inhibitor arrival to the brain enabled/achieved attenuation of a specific cue-associated memory of fear but did not hinder other memories (even traumatic events) associated with other cues. Our results suggest using PARP-1 inhibitors as a new avenue for future treatment of PTSD by disrupting specific traumatic memories in a broad time window, even long after the traumatic event. The safety of using these PARP inhibitors, that is, not interfering with other natural memories, is an added value.
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45
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Jhanji M, Rao CN, Sajish M. Towards resolving the enigma of the dichotomy of resveratrol: cis- and trans-resveratrol have opposite effects on TyrRS-regulated PARP1 activation. GeroScience 2021; 43:1171-1200. [PMID: 33244652 PMCID: PMC7690980 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike widely perceived, resveratrol (RSV) decreased the average lifespan and extended only the replicative lifespan in yeast. Similarly, although not widely discussed, RSV is also known to evoke neurite degeneration, kidney toxicity, atherosclerosis, premature senescence, and genotoxicity through yet unknown mechanisms. Nevertheless, in vivo animal models of diseases and human clinical trials demonstrate inconsistent protective and beneficial effects. Therefore, the mechanism of action of RSV that elicits beneficial effects remains an enigma. In a previously published work, we demonstrated structural similarities between RSV and tyrosine amino acid. RSV acts as a tyrosine antagonist and competes with it to bind to human tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS). Interestingly, although both isomers of RSV bind to TyrRS, only the cis-isomer evokes a unique structural change at the active site to promote its interaction with poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1), a major determinant of cellular NAD+-dependent stress response. However, retention of trans-RSV in the active site of TyrRS mimics its tyrosine-bound conformation that inhibits the auto-poly-ADP-ribos(PAR)ylation of PARP1. Therefore, we proposed that cis-RSV-induced TyrRS-regulated auto-PARylation of PARP1 would contribute, at least in part, to the reported health benefits of RSV through the induction of protective stress response. This observation suggested that trans-RSV would inhibit TyrRS/PARP1-mediated protective stress response and would instead elicit an opposite effect compared to cis-RSV. Interestingly, most recent studies also confirmed the conversion of trans-RSV and its metabolites to cis-RSV in the physiological context. Therefore, the finding that cis-RSV and trans-RSV induce two distinct conformations of TyrRS with opposite effects on the auto-PARylation of PARP1 provides a potential molecular basis for the observed dichotomic effects of RSV under different experimental paradigms. However, the fact that natural RSV exists as a diastereomeric mixture of its cis and trans isomers and cis-RSV is also a physiologically relevant isoform has not yet gained much scientific attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Jhanji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Chintada Nageswara Rao
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Mathew Sajish
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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Kadam A, Abuthakir MHS, Jubin T, Vaishnav J, Garg A, Balaji C, Suthar D, Begum R. Identification and characterization of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 interacting proteins during development of Dictyostelium discoideum. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 186:105923. [PMID: 34062238 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a multifunctional protein that is associated with various biological processes like chromatin remodeling, DNA damage, cell death etc. In Dictyostelium discoideum, PARP-1 has also been implicated in cellular differentiation and development. However, its interacting proteins during multicellular development are not yet explored. Hence, the present study aims to identify PARP-1 interacting proteins during multicellular development of D. discoideum. BRCA1 C-terminus (BRCT) domain of PARP-1, which is mainly involved in protein-protein interactions was cloned in pGEX4T1 vector and developmental interactome of PARP-1 were analyzed by affinity purification-mass spectrometry. These interactions were further confirmed by in-silico protein-protein docking analysis, which led to identification of the proteins that show high affinity for BRCT domain. Initially, the protein structures were modeled on SWISS MODEL and PHYRE2 servers, refined by 3Drefine and validated by PROCHECK. Further, interaction sites of BRCT and the conserved regions in all interacting proteins were predicted using cons-PPISP and ConSurf, respectively. Finally, protein-protein docking analysis was done by HADDOCK. Our results identified 19 possible BRCT interacting proteins during D. discoideum development. Furthermore, interacting residues involved in the interactions and functional regions were explored. This is the first report where PARP-1's developmental interactome in D. discoideum is well established. The current findings demonstrate PARP-1's developmental interactome in D. discoideum and provide the groundwork to understand its regulated functions in developmental biology which would undoubtedly extend our perception towards developmental diseases in higher complex organisms and their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara- 390002, Gujarat, India.
| | | | - Tina Jubin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara- 390002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Jayvadan Vaishnav
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara- 390002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Abhishek Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara- 390002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Chinthapalli Balaji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai, 400005, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Devesh Suthar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara- 390002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara- 390002, Gujarat, India.
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47
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Martí JM, Garcia-Diaz A, Delgado-Bellido D, O'Valle F, González-Flores A, Carlevaris O, Rodríguez-Vargas JM, Amé JC, Dantzer F, King GL, Dziedzic K, Berra E, de Álava E, Amaral AT, Hammond EM, Oliver FJ. Selective modulation by PARP-1 of HIF-1α-recruitment to chromatin during hypoxia is required for tumor adaptation to hypoxic conditions. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101885. [PMID: 33581682 PMCID: PMC7878192 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adaptation to hypoxia is mainly controlled by the HIF transcription factors. Increased expression/activity of HIF-1α correlates with poor prognosis in cancer patients. PARP-1 inhibitors are used in the clinic to treat BRCAness breast/ovarian cancer and have been shown to regulate the hypoxic response; therefore, their use could be expanded. METHODS In this work by integrating molecular/cell biology approaches, genome-wide ChIP-seq, and patient samples, we elucidate the extent to which PARP-1 exerts control over HIF-1-regulated genes. RESULTS In human melanoma, PARP-1 and HIF-1α expression are strongly associated. In response to a hypoxic challenge poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) is synthesized, HIF-1α is post-transcriptionally modified (PTM) and stabilized by PARylation at specific K/R residues located at its C-terminus. Using an unbiased ChIP-seq approach we demonstrate that PARP-1 dictates hypoxia-dependent HIF-recruitment to chromatin in a range of HIF-regulated genes while analysis of HIF-binding motifs (RCGTG) reveals a restriction on the recognition of hypoxia responsive elements in the absence of PARP-1. Consequently, the cells are poorly adapted to hypoxia, showing a reduced fitness during hypoxic induction. CONCLUSIONS These data characterize the fine-tuning regulation by PARP-1/PARylation of HIF activation and suggest that PARP inhibitors might have therapeutic potential against cancer types displaying HIF-1α over-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Martí
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, and CIBERONC, 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Angel Garcia-Diaz
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, and CIBERONC, 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Delgado-Bellido
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, and CIBERONC, 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco O'Valle
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, IBIMER, CIBM, University of Granada, Spain and Biosanitary Research Institute (IBS. GRANADA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ariannys González-Flores
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, and CIBERONC, 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Onintza Carlevaris
- CIC BioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia- Ed. 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain, CIBERONC
| | - José Manuel Rodríguez-Vargas
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire D'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de L'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard S. Brant, BP10413, 67412, Illkirch, France
| | - Jean Christophe Amé
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire D'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de L'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard S. Brant, BP10413, 67412, Illkirch, France
| | - Françoise Dantzer
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire D'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de L'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard S. Brant, BP10413, 67412, Illkirch, France
| | - George L King
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology and Complications, Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Klaudia Dziedzic
- CIC BioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia- Ed. 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain, CIBERONC
| | - Edurne Berra
- CIC BioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia- Ed. 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain, CIBERONC
| | - E de Álava
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen Del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - A T Amaral
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen Del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - Ester M Hammond
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - F Javier Oliver
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, and CIBERONC, 18100, Granada, Spain.
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Crowe MS, Zavorotinskaya T, Voliva CF, Shirley MD, Wang Y, Ruddy DA, Rakiec DP, Engelman JA, Stuart DD, Freeman AK. RAF-Mutant Melanomas Differentially Depend on ERK2 Over ERK1 to Support Aberrant MAPK Pathway Activation and Cell Proliferation. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1063-1075. [PMID: 33707308 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Half of advanced human melanomas are driven by mutant BRAF and dependent on MAPK signaling. Interestingly, the results of three independent genetic screens highlight a dependency of BRAF-mutant melanoma cell lines on BRAF and ERK2, but not ERK1. ERK2 is expressed higher in melanoma compared with other cancer types and higher than ERK1 within melanoma. However, ERK1 and ERK2 are similarly required in primary human melanocytes transformed with mutant BRAF and are expressed at a similar, lower amount compared with established cancer cell lines. ERK1 can compensate for ERK2 loss as seen by expression of ERK1 rescuing the proliferation arrest mediated by ERK2 loss (both by shRNA or inhibition by an ERK inhibitor). ERK2 knockdown, as opposed to ERK1 knockdown, led to more robust suppression of MAPK signaling as seen by RNA-sequencing, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. In addition, treatment with MAPK pathway inhibitors led to gene expression changes that closely resembled those seen upon knockdown of ERK2 but not ERK1. Together, these data demonstrate that ERK2 drives BRAF-mutant melanoma gene expression and proliferation as a function of its higher expression compared with ERK1. Selective inhibition of ERK2 for the treatment of melanomas may spare the toxicity associated with pan-ERK inhibition in normal tissues. IMPLICATIONS: BRAF-mutant melanomas overexpress and depend on ERK2 but not ERK1, suggesting that ERK2-selective inhibition may be toxicity sparing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Crowe
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Charles F Voliva
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California
| | - Matthew D Shirley
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yanqun Wang
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David A Ruddy
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel P Rakiec
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffery A Engelman
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Darrin D Stuart
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Alyson K Freeman
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Gupta R, Kumar P. Computational Analysis Indicates That PARP1 Acts as a Histone Deacetylases Interactor Sharing Common Lysine Residues for Acetylation, Ubiquitination, and SUMOylation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:5739-5753. [PMID: 33681613 PMCID: PMC7931403 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aim/Hypothesis : Lysine residues are known for the post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as acetylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation. In acetylation, histone deacetylase (HDAC) and its interactors cause transcriptional deregulation and cause mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, inflammatory response, and cell-cycle impairment that cause brain homeostasis and neuronal cell death. Other regulatory PTMs involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are ubiquitination and SUMOylation for the degradation of the misfolded proteins. Thus, we aim to investigate the potential acetylation/ubiquitination/SUMOylation crosstalk sites in the HDAC interactors, which cause NDDs. Furthermore, we aim to identify the influence of PTMs on the structural features of proteins and the impact of putative lysine mutation on disease susceptibility. Last, we aim to examine the impact of the putative mutation on acetylated lysine for ubiquitination and SUMOylation. Results : Herein, we integrate 1455 genes, 3094 genes, and 1940 genes related to HDAC interactors, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD), respectively. Furthermore, the protein-protein interaction and PTM integrations from different databases identified 32 proteins that are associated with HDAC, AD, and PD with 1489 potential lysine-modified sites. HDAC interactors poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), nucleophosmin (NPM1), and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) involved in the progression of NDDs and 64 and 75% of PTM sites in PARP1, NPM1, and CDK1 fall into coiled and ordered regions, respectively. Moreover, 15 putative lysine sites have been found in the crosstalk and K148, K249, K528, K637, K700, and K796 of PARP1 are crosstalk hotspots. Conclusion : The loss of acetylated hotspot sites results in the loss of ubiquitination and SUMOylation function on nearby sites, which is relatively higher when compared to the gain of function.
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50
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Eleazer R, Fondufe‐Mittendorf YN. The multifaceted role of PARP1 in RNA biogenesis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2021; 12:e1617. [PMID: 32656996 PMCID: PMC7856298 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are abundant nuclear proteins that synthesize ADP ribose polymers (pADPr) and catalyze the addition of (p)ADPr to target biomolecules. PARP1, the most abundant and well-studied PARP, is a multifunctional enzyme that participates in numerous critical cellular processes. A considerable amount of PARP research has focused on PARP1's role in DNA damage. However, an increasing body of evidence outlines more routine roles for PARP and PARylation in nearly every step of RNA biogenesis and metabolism. PARP1's involvement in these RNA processes is pleiotropic and has been ascribed to PARP1's unique flexible domain structures. PARP1 domains are modular self-arranged enabling it to recognize structurally diverse substrates and to act simultaneously through multiple discrete mechanisms. These mechanisms include direct PARP1-protein binding, PARP1-nucleic acid binding, covalent PARylation of target molecules, covalent autoPARylation, and induction of noncovalent interactions with PAR molecules. A combination of these mechanisms has been implicated in PARP1's context-specific regulation of RNA biogenesis and metabolism. We examine the mechanisms of PARP1 regulation in transcription initiation, elongation and termination, co-transcriptional splicing, RNA export, and post-transcriptional RNA processing. Finally, we consider promising new investigative avenues for PARP1 involvement in these processes with an emphasis on PARP1 regulation of subcellular condensates. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Eleazer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Yvonne N. Fondufe‐Mittendorf
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
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