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Abbouche L, Bythell-Douglas R, Deans AJ. FANCM branchpoint translocase: Master of traverse, reverse and adverse DNA repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 140:103701. [PMID: 38878565 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
FANCM is a multifunctional DNA repair enzyme that acts as a sensor and coordinator of replication stress responses, especially interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair mediated by the Fanconi anaemia (FA) pathway. Its specialised ability to bind and remodel branched DNA structures enables diverse genome maintenance activities. Through ATP-powered "branchpoint translocation", FANCM can promote fork reversal, facilitate replication traverse of ICLs, resolve deleterious R-loop structures, and restrain recombination. These remodelling functions also support a role as sensor of perturbed replication, eliciting checkpoint signalling and recruitment of downstream repair factors like the Fanconi anaemia FANCI:FANCD2 complex. Accordingly, FANCM deficiency causes chromosome fragility and cancer susceptibility. Other recent advances link FANCM to roles in gene editing efficiency and meiotic recombination, along with emerging synthetic lethal relationships, and targeting opportunities in ALT-positive cancers. Here we review key properties of FANCM's biochemical activities, with a particular focus on branchpoint translocation as a distinguishing characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Abbouche
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Rohan Bythell-Douglas
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Deans
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.
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2
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Xu H, Zhang Y, Wang C, Fu Z, Lv J, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Qi Y, Meng K, Yuan J, Wang X. Research progress on the fanconi anemia signaling pathway in non-obstructive azoospermia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1393111. [PMID: 38846492 PMCID: PMC11153779 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1393111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a disease characterized by spermatogenesis failure and comprises phenotypes such as hypospermatogenesis, mature arrest, and Sertoli cell-only syndrome. Studies have shown that FA cross-linked anemia (FA) pathway is closely related to the occurrence of NOA. There are FA gene mutations in male NOA patients, which cause significant damage to male germ cells. The FA pathway is activated in the presence of DNA interstrand cross-links; the key step in activating this pathway is the mono-ubiquitination of the FANCD2-FANCI complex, and the activation of the FA pathway can repair DNA damage such as DNA double-strand breaks. Therefore, we believe that the FA pathway affects germ cells during DNA damage repair, resulting in minimal or even disappearance of mature sperm in males. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of FA-related genes in male azoospermia, with the aim of providing a theoretical reference for clinical research and exploration of related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohui Xu
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Caiqin Wang
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zhuoyan Fu
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yufang Yang
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yuanmin Qi
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Kai Meng
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jinxiang Yuan
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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3
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Liu S, Shinohara A, Furukohri A. Fanconi anemia-associated mutation in RAD51 compromises the coordinated action of DNA-binding and ATPase activities. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105424. [PMID: 37924868 PMCID: PMC10716581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease caused by a defect in DNA repair pathway for DNA interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks can potentially impede the progression of the DNA replication fork, consequently leading to DNA double-strand breaks. Heterozygous RAD51-Q242R mutation has been reported to cause FA-like symptoms. However, the molecular defect of RAD51 underlying the disease is largely unknown. In this study, we conducted a biochemical analysis of RAD51-Q242R protein, revealing notable deficiencies in its DNA-dependent ATPase activity and its ATP-dependent regulation of DNA-binding activity. Interestingly, although RAD51-Q242R exhibited the filament instability and lacked the ability to form displacement loop, it efficiently stimulated the formation of displacement loops mediated by wild-type RAD51. These findings facilitate understanding of the biochemical properties of the mutant protein and how RAD51 works in the FA patient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liu
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Shinohara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asako Furukohri
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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4
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Zhao J, Zhang Y, Li W, Yao M, Liu C, Zhang Z, Wang C, Wang X, Meng K. Research progress of the Fanconi anemia pathway and premature ovarian insufficiency†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:570-585. [PMID: 37669135 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia pathway is a key pathway involved in the repair of deoxyribonucleic acidinterstrand crosslinking damage, which chiefly includes the following four modules: lesion recognition, Fanconi anemia core complex recruitment, FANCD2-FANCI complex monoubiquitination, and downstream events (nucleolytic incision, translesion synthesis, and homologous recombination). Mutations or deletions of multiple Fanconi anemia genes in this pathway can damage the interstrand crosslinking repair pathway and disrupt primordial germ cell development and oocyte meiosis, thereby leading to abnormal follicular development. Premature ovarian insufficiency is a gynecological clinical syndrome characterized by amenorrhea and decreased fertility due to decreased oocyte pool, accelerated follicle atresia, and loss of ovarian function in women <40 years old. Furthermore, in recent years, several studies have detected mutations in the Fanconi anemia gene in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency. In addition, some patients with Fanconi anemia exhibit symptoms of premature ovarian insufficiency and infertility. The Fanconi anemia pathway and premature ovarian insufficiency are closely associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Mengmeng Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chuqi Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Caiqin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Kai Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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5
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Ng JY, Warwick L, Craft P, Austen L, Ashford B, Gorddard N, Ballinger ML, Thomas DM, Blombery P, Tucker K, Polizzotto MN. Myelodysplastic syndrome and multiple solid tumours in an individual with compound heterozygous deleterious FANCM variants: A case report and review of the literature. Br J Haematol 2023; 203:481-484. [PMID: 37608704 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yen Ng
- Department of Haematology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Linda Warwick
- ACT Genetic Service, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Paul Craft
- Department of Oncology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Lynette Austen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Bruce Ashford
- Department of Surgery, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole Gorddard
- Department of Oncology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Mandy L Ballinger
- Cancer Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David M Thomas
- Cancer Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Piers Blombery
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathy Tucker
- Hereditary Cancer Clinic, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark N Polizzotto
- Department of Haematology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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6
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Kaljunen H, Taavitsainen S, Kaarijärvi R, Takala E, Paakinaho V, Nykter M, Bova GS, Ketola K. Fanconi anemia pathway regulation by FANCI in prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1260826. [PMID: 38023254 PMCID: PMC10643534 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1260826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of death among men worldwide, and thus, research on the genetic factors enabling the formation of treatment-resistant cancer cells is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Here, we report a cell line-specific dependence on FANCI and related signaling pathways to counteract the effects of DNA-damaging chemotherapy in prostate cancer. Our results reveal that FANCI depletion results in significant downregulation of Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway members in prostate cancer cells, indicating that FANCI is an important regulator of the FA pathway. Furthermore, we found that FANCI silencing reduces proliferation in p53-expressing prostate cancer cells. This extends the evidence that inactivation of FANCI may convert cancer cells from a resistant state to an eradicable state under the stress of DNA-damaging chemotherapy. Our results also indicate that high expression of FA pathway genes correlates with poorer survival in prostate cancer patients. Moreover, genomic alterations of FA pathway members are prevalent in prostate adenocarcinoma patients; mutation and copy number information for the FA pathway genes in seven patient cohorts (N = 1,732 total tumor samples) reveals that 1,025 (59.2%) tumor samples have an alteration in at least one of the FA pathway genes, suggesting that genomic alteration of the pathway is a prominent feature in patients with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Kaljunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sinja Taavitsainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Roosa Kaarijärvi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eerika Takala
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Paakinaho
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - G. Steven Bova
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kirsi Ketola
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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7
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Simpson D, Ling J, Jing Y, Adamson B. Mapping the Genetic Interaction Network of PARP inhibitor Response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.19.553986. [PMID: 37645833 PMCID: PMC10462155 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.19.553986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Genetic interactions have long informed our understanding of the coordinated proteins and pathways that respond to DNA damage in mammalian cells, but systematic interrogation of the genetic network underlying that system has yet to be achieved. Towards this goal, we measured 147,153 pairwise interactions among genes implicated in PARP inhibitor (PARPi) response. Evaluating genetic interactions at this scale, with and without exposure to PARPi, revealed hierarchical organization of the pathways and complexes that maintain genome stability during normal growth and defined changes that occur upon accumulation of DNA lesions due to cytotoxic doses of PARPi. We uncovered unexpected relationships among DNA repair genes, including context-specific buffering interactions between the minimally characterized AUNIP and BRCA1-A complex genes. Our work thus establishes a foundation for mapping differential genetic interactions in mammalian cells and provides a comprehensive resource for future studies of DNA repair and PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Simpson
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jia Ling
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Yangwode Jing
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Britt Adamson
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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8
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Kratz A, Kim M, Kelly MR, Zheng F, Koczor CA, Li J, Ono K, Qin Y, Churas C, Chen J, Pillich RT, Park J, Modak M, Collier R, Licon K, Pratt D, Sobol RW, Krogan NJ, Ideker T. A multi-scale map of protein assemblies in the DNA damage response. Cell Syst 2023; 14:447-463.e8. [PMID: 37220749 PMCID: PMC10330685 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) ensures error-free DNA replication and transcription and is disrupted in numerous diseases. An ongoing challenge is to determine the proteins orchestrating DDR and their organization into complexes, including constitutive interactions and those responding to genomic insult. Here, we use multi-conditional network analysis to systematically map DDR assemblies at multiple scales. Affinity purifications of 21 DDR proteins, with/without genotoxin exposure, are combined with multi-omics data to reveal a hierarchical organization of 605 proteins into 109 assemblies. The map captures canonical repair mechanisms and proposes new DDR-associated proteins extending to stress, transport, and chromatin functions. We find that protein assemblies closely align with genetic dependencies in processing specific genotoxins and that proteins in multiple assemblies typically act in multiple genotoxin responses. Follow-up by DDR functional readouts newly implicates 12 assembly members in double-strand-break repair. The DNA damage response assemblies map is available for interactive visualization and query (ccmi.org/ddram/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kratz
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Minkyu Kim
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA, USA; University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Marcus R Kelly
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fan Zheng
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Koczor
- University of South Alabama, Department of Pharmacology and Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Jianfeng Li
- University of South Alabama, Department of Pharmacology and Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Keiichiro Ono
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yue Qin
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher Churas
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rudolf T Pillich
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jisoo Park
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maya Modak
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Collier
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kate Licon
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dexter Pratt
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- University of South Alabama, Department of Pharmacology and Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Legorreta Cancer Center, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Trey Ideker
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Bao X, Chi J, Zhu Y, Yang M, Du J, Tang Z, Xu X, Mao G, Wu Z, Chen J, Hua J, Xu T, Liu SB. High FAAP24 expression reveals poor prognosis and an immunosuppressive microenvironment shaping in AML. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:117. [PMID: 37328842 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a core member of the FA complex, in the Fanconi anemia pathway, FAAP24 plays an important role in DNA damage repair. However, the association between FAAP24 and patient prognosis in AML and immune infiltration remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore its expression characteristics, immune infiltration pattern, prognostic value and biological function using TCGA-AML and to verify it in the Beat AML cohort. METHODS In this study, we examined the expression and prognostic value of FAAP24 across cancers using data from TCGA, TARGET, GTEx, and GEPIA2. To further investigate the prognosis in AML, development and validation of a nomogram containing FAAP24 were performed. GO/KEGG, ssGSEA, GSVA and xCell were utilized to explore the functional enrichment and immunological features of FAAP24 in AML. Drug sensitivity analysis used data from the CellMiner website, and the results were confirmed in vitro. RESULTS Integrated analysis of the TCGA, TARGET and GTEx databases showed that FAAP24 is upregulated in AML; meanwhile, high FAAP24 expression was associated with poor prognosis according to GEPIA2. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that FAAP24 is implicated in pathways involved in DNA damage repair, the cell cycle and cancer. Components of the immune microenvironment using xCell indicate that FAAP24 shapes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in AML, which helps to promote AML progression. Drug sensitivity analysis showed a significant correlation between high FAAP24 expression and chelerythrine resistance. In conclusion, FAAP24 could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and play an immunomodulatory role in AML. CONCLUSIONS In summary, FAAP24 is a promising prognostic biomarker in AML that requires further exploration and confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiebing Bao
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jingyun Chi
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, 28 Kehua Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yiwei Zhu
- Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Minfeng Yang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Du
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, 28 Kehua Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Zaixiang Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaogang Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhibing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingsheng Hua
- Department of Hematology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China.
| | - Ting Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Song-Bai Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, 28 Kehua Road, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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10
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Wu RX, Miao BB, Han FY, Niu SF, Liang YS, Liang ZB, Wang QH. Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly Provides Insights into the Evolution of the Special Morphology and Behaviour of Lepturacanthus savala. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1268. [PMID: 37372448 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Savalani hairtail Lepturacanthus savala is a widely distributed fish along the Indo-Western Pacific coast, and contributes substantially to trichiurid fishery resources worldwide. In this study, the first chromosome-level genome assembly of L. savala was obtained by PacBio SMRT-Seq, Illumina HiSeq, and Hi-C technologies. The final assembled L. savala genome was 790.02 Mb with contig N50 and scaffold N50 values of 19.01 Mb and 32.77 Mb, respectively. The assembled sequences were anchored to 24 chromosomes by using Hi-C data. Combined with RNA sequencing data, 23,625 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 96.0% were successfully annotated. In total, 67 gene family expansions and 93 gene family contractions were detected in the L. savala genome. Additionally, 1825 positively selected genes were identified. Based on a comparative genomic analysis, we screened a number of candidate genes associated with the specific morphology, behaviour-related immune system, and DNA repair mechanisms in L. savala. Our results preliminarily revealed mechanisms underlying the special morphological and behavioural characteristics of L. savala from a genomic perspective. Furthermore, this study provides valuable reference data for subsequent molecular ecology studies of L. savala and whole-genome analyses of other trichiurid fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Xie Wu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ben-Ben Miao
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Han
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Su-Fang Niu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yan-Shan Liang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhen-Bang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Qing-Hua Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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11
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Rashid MU, Muhammad N, Shehzad U, Khan FA, Loya A, Hamann U. Prevalence of FANCM germline variants in BRCA1/2 negative breast and/or ovarian cancer patients from Pakistan. Fam Cancer 2023; 22:31-41. [PMID: 35802266 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-022-00304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia complementation group M (FANCM) gene is a potential candidate for breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility in European populations. Here, we examined the contribution of FANCM germline variants to hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer in Pakistan. Comprehensive FANCM variant screening was performed in 201 BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) negative Pakistani patients with and without triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and/or ovarian cancer, using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography analysis (DHPLC) followed by DNA sequencing. Novel variants were tested for their potential effect on protein function using in silico tools. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis of RNA extracted from one deletion/insertion (delins) variant (p.K1780delinsNGIT) carrier and three non-carriers was performed to evaluate the impact of this variant on splicing. Furthermore, potentially functional variants were evaluated in 200 healthy female controls. A missense variant (p.V1857M) was identified in a 50-year-old TNBC patient with a family history of breast cancer. It was also identified in the index patient´s daughter, who was diagnosed with osteosarcoma at 15 years of age. Further, one delins variant (p.K1780delinsNGIT) was identified in a 45-year-old non-TNBC patient, but not detected in her brother, who was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma at 38 years of age. Based on in silico and RNA analyses, p.V1857M and p.K1780delinsNGIT were predicted as variants of uncertain significance (VUS), respectively. Both variants were absent in 200 healthy controls. Our findings suggest a marginal contribution of FANCM variants to hereditary breast/ovarian cancer in Pakistan, which need to be confirmed in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Rashid
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC), 7A, Block R3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Noor Muhammad
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC), 7A, Block R3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Umara Shehzad
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC), 7A, Block R3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Faiz Ali Khan
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC), 7A, Block R3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Asif Loya
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Zhang Y, Li J, Zhou Y, Li Z, Peng C, Pei H, Zhu W. And-1 Coordinates with the FANCM Complex to Regulate Fanconi Anemia Signaling and Cisplatin Resistance. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3249-3262. [PMID: 35867033 PMCID: PMC9481708 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway is essential for repairing DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICL). ICLs induce stalled DNA replication forks and trigger activation of the FA pathway by promoting recruitment of the FANCM/FAAP24/MHF complex to ICL sites. Given that stalled replication forks are proximal to ICL sites, fork-associated proteins may coordinate with FA factors to rapidly sense ICLs for activation of FA signaling. Here we report that And-1, a replisome protein, is critical for activation of the FA pathway by sensing ICL-stalled forks and recruiting the FANCM/FAAP24 complex to ICLs. In response to ICLs, And-1 rapidly accumulated at ICL-stalled forks in a manner dependent on ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein-induced phosphorylation at T826. And-1 phosphorylation triggered an intramolecular change that promoted the interaction of And-1 with FANCM/FAAP24, resulting in recruitment of the FANCM/FAAP24 complex to ICLs. Furthermore, p-T826 And-1 was elevated in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells, and activated And-1 contributed to cisplatin resistance. Collectively, these studies elucidate a mechanism by which And-1 regulates FA signaling and identify And-1 as a potential target for developing therapeutic approaches to treat platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. SIGNIFICANCE This work shows that phosphorylation of And-1 by ATR activates Fanconi anemia signaling at interstrand crosslink-stalled replication forks by recruiting the FANCM/FAAP24 complex, revealing And-1 as a potential therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Zhuqing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Changmin Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Huadong Pei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Wenge Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
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13
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Fu S, Phan AT, Mao D, Wang X, Gao G, Goff SP, Zhu Y. HIV-1 exploits the Fanconi anemia pathway for viral DNA integration. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110840. [PMID: 35613597 PMCID: PMC9250337 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of HIV-1 DNA into the host genome results in single-strand gaps and 2-nt overhangs at the ends of viral DNA, which must be repaired by cellular enzymes. The cellular factors responsible for the DNA damage repair in HIV-1 DNA integration have not yet been well defined. We report here that HIV-1 infection potently activates the Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA repair pathway, and the FA effector proteins FANCI-D2 bind to the C-terminal domain of HIV-1 integrase. Knockout of FANCI blocks productive viral DNA integration and inhibits the replication of HIV-1. Finally, we show that the knockout of DNA polymerases or flap nuclease downstream of FANCI-D2 reduces the levels of integrated HIV-1 DNA, suggesting these enzymes may be responsible for the repair of DNA damages induced by viral DNA integration. These experiments reveal that HIV-1 exploits the FA pathway for the stable integration of viral DNA into host genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozu Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Centre for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - An Thanh Phan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Dexin Mao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Xinlu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Centre for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangxia Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Centre for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Stephen P Goff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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14
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Peake JD, Noguchi E. Fanconi anemia: current insights regarding epidemiology, cancer, and DNA repair. Hum Genet 2022; 141:1811-1836. [PMID: 35596788 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia is a genetic disorder that is characterized by bone marrow failure, as well as a predisposition to malignancies including leukemia and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). At least 22 genes are associated with Fanconi anemia, constituting the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway. This pathway coordinates multiple processes and proteins to facilitate the repair of DNA adducts including interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) that are generated by environmental carcinogens, chemotherapeutic crosslinkers, and metabolic products of alcohol. ICLs can interfere with DNA transactions, including replication and transcription. If not properly removed and repaired, ICLs cause DNA breaks and lead to genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer. In this review, we will discuss the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of Fanconi anemia, the epidemiology of the disease, and associated cancer risk. The sources of ICLs and the role of ICL-inducing chemotherapeutic agents will also be discussed. Finally, we will review the detailed mechanisms of ICL repair via the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway, highlighting critical regulatory processes. Together, the information in this review will underscore important contributions to Fanconi anemia research in the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine D Peake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Eishi Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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15
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Chihanga T, Vicente-Muñoz S, Ruiz-Torres S, Pal B, Sertorio M, Andreassen PR, Khoury R, Mehta P, Davies SM, Lane AN, Romick-Rosendale LE, Wells SI. Head and Neck Cancer Susceptibility and Metabolism in Fanconi Anemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14082040. [PMID: 35454946 PMCID: PMC9025423 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14082040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited, generally autosomal recessive syndrome, but it displays X-linked or dominant negative inheritance for certain genes. FA is characterized by a deficiency in DNA damage repair that results in bone marrow failure, and in an increased risk for various epithelial tumors, most commonly squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) and of the esophagus, anogenital tract and skin. Individuals with FA exhibit increased human papilloma virus (HPV) prevalence. Furthermore, a subset of anogenital squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in FA harbor HPV sequences and FA-deficient laboratory models reveal molecular crosstalk between HPV and FA proteins. However, a definitive role for HPV in HNSCC development in the FA patient population is unproven. Cellular metabolism plays an integral role in tissue homeostasis, and metabolic deregulation is a known hallmark of cancer progression that supports uncontrolled proliferation, tumor development and metastatic dissemination. The metabolic consequences of FA deficiency in keratinocytes and associated impact on the development of SCC in the FA population is poorly understood. Herein, we review the current literature on the metabolic consequences of FA deficiency and potential effects of resulting metabolic reprogramming on FA cancer phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafadzwa Chihanga
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (T.C.); (S.R.-T.); (B.P.)
| | - Sara Vicente-Muñoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (S.V.-M.); (L.E.R.-R.)
| | - Sonya Ruiz-Torres
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (T.C.); (S.R.-T.); (B.P.)
| | - Bidisha Pal
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (T.C.); (S.R.-T.); (B.P.)
| | - Mathieu Sertorio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Paul R. Andreassen
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Ruby Khoury
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (R.K.); (P.M.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Parinda Mehta
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (R.K.); (P.M.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Stella M. Davies
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (R.K.); (P.M.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Andrew N. Lane
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Lindsey E. Romick-Rosendale
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (S.V.-M.); (L.E.R.-R.)
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (T.C.); (S.R.-T.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-513-636-5986
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16
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Zhang Y, Li P, Liu N, Jing T, Ji Z, Yang C, Zhao L, Tian R, Chen H, Huang Y, Zhi E, Ou N, Bai H, Zhou Y, Li Z, Yao C. Novel Bi-Allelic Variants of FANCM Cause Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome and Non-Obstructive Azoospermia. Front Genet 2022; 12:799886. [PMID: 34976027 PMCID: PMC8714797 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.799886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is the most severe disease in male infertility, but the genetic causes for the majority of NOA remain unknown. FANCM is a member of Fanconi Anemia (FA) core complex, whose defects are associated with cell hypersensitivity to DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL)-inducing agents. It was reported that variants in FANCM (MIM: 609644) might cause azoospermia or oligospermia. However, there is still a lack of evidence to explain the association between different FANCM variants and male infertility phenotypes. Herein, we identified compound heterozygous variants in FANCM in two NOA-affected brothers (c. 1778delG:p. R593Qfs*76 and c. 1663G > T:p. V555F), and a homozygous variant in FANCM (c. 1972C > T:p. R658X) in a sporadic case with NOA, respectively. H&E staining and immunohistochemistry showed Sertoli cell-only Syndrome (SCOS) in the three patients with NOA. Collectively, our study expands the knowledge of variants in FANCM, and provides a new insight to understand the genetic etiology of NOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhang
- Depart. of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Depart. of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nachuan Liu
- Depart. of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Jing
- Depart. of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Ji
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Depart. of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangyu Zhao
- Depart. of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruhui Tian
- Depart. of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huixing Chen
- Depart. of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- Depart. of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Erlei Zhi
- Depart. of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjing Ou
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haowei Bai
- Depart. of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchuan Zhou
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Depart. of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chencheng Yao
- Depart. of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Gueiderikh A, Maczkowiak-Chartois F, Rosselli F. A new frontier in Fanconi anemia: From DNA repair to ribosome biogenesis. Blood Rev 2021; 52:100904. [PMID: 34750031 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2021.100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Described by Guido Fanconi almost 100 years ago, Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by developmental abnormalities, bone marrow failure (BMF) and cancer predisposition. The proteins encoded by FA-mutated genes (FANC proteins) and assembled in the so-called FANC/BRCA pathway have key functions in DNA repair and replication safeguarding, which loss leads to chromosome structural aberrancies. Therefore, since the 1980s, FA has been considered a genomic instability and chromosome fragility syndrome. However, recent findings have demonstrated new and unexpected roles of FANC proteins in nucleolar homeostasis and ribosome biogenesis, the alteration of which impacts cellular proteostasis. Here, we review the different cellular, biochemical and molecular anomalies associated with the loss of function of FANC proteins and discuss how these anomalies contribute to BMF by comparing FA to other major inherited BMF syndromes. Our aim is to determine the extent to which alterations in the DNA damage response in FA contribute to BMF compared to the consequences of the loss of function of the FANC/BRCA pathway on the other roles of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gueiderikh
- CNRS - UMR9019, Équipe labellisée "La Ligue contre le Cancer", 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay - Paris Sud, Orsay, France.
| | - Frédérique Maczkowiak-Chartois
- CNRS - UMR9019, Équipe labellisée "La Ligue contre le Cancer", 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay - Paris Sud, Orsay, France.
| | - Filippo Rosselli
- CNRS - UMR9019, Équipe labellisée "La Ligue contre le Cancer", 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay - Paris Sud, Orsay, France.
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18
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Ninou AH, Lehto J, Chioureas D, Stigsdotter H, Schelzig K, Åkerlund E, Gudoityte G, Joneborg U, Carlson J, Jonkers J, Seashore-Ludlow B, Gustafsson NMS. PFKFB3 Inhibition Sensitizes DNA Crosslinking Chemotherapies by Suppressing Fanconi Anemia Repair. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143604. [PMID: 34298817 PMCID: PMC8306909 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics, such as platinum drugs, are cornerstones in cancer treatment. The efficacy of such treatment is intimately linked to the DNA repair capacity of the cancer cells, as DNA damage above a tolerable threshold culminates in cell death. Cancer cells often have deregulated DNA repair mechanisms, making them initially more sensitive to DNA-damaging chemotherapies. Unfortunately, over time, cancer cells often develop resistance to such treatments by rewiring their DNA damage response pathways. Here, we identify that targeting the recognized anti-cancer target 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6,-bisphophatase 3 (PFKFB3), commonly overexpressed in cancer, with the small molecule inhibitor KAN0438757, selectively sensitizes cancer cells to platinum drugs, including treatment-resistant cancer cells, while sparing normal cells. Mechanistically, PFKFB3 promotes tolerance to and the repair of platinum-induced DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) through modulation of the Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA repair pathway. Thus targeting PFKFB3 opens up therapeutic possibilities to improve the efficacy of ICL-inducing cancer treatments. Abstract Replicative repair of interstrand crosslinks (ICL) generated by platinum chemotherapeutics is orchestrated by the Fanconi anemia (FA) repair pathway to ensure resolution of stalled replication forks and the maintenance of genomic integrity. Here, we identify novel regulation of FA repair by the cancer-associated glycolytic enzyme PFKFB3 that has functional consequences for replication-associated ICL repair and cancer cell survival. Inhibition of PFKFB3 displays a cancer-specific synergy with platinum compounds in blocking cell viability and restores sensitivity in treatment-resistant models. Notably, the synergies are associated with DNA-damage-induced chromatin association of PFKFB3 upon cancer transformation, which further increases upon platinum resistance. FA pathway activation triggers the PFKFB3 assembly into nuclear foci in an ATR- and FANCM-dependent manner. Blocking PFKFB3 activity disrupts the assembly of key FA repair factors and consequently prevents fork restart. This results in an incapacity to replicate cells to progress through S-phase, an accumulation of DNA damage in replicating cells, and fork collapse. We further validate PFKFB3-dependent regulation of FA repair in ex vivo cultures from cancer patients. Collectively, targeting PFKFB3 opens up therapeutic possibilities to improve the efficacy of ICL-inducing cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Huguet Ninou
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.H.N.); (J.L.); (D.C.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (E.Å.); (G.G.); (B.S.-L.)
- Kancera AB, Karolinska Science Park, 171 48 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jemina Lehto
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.H.N.); (J.L.); (D.C.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (E.Å.); (G.G.); (B.S.-L.)
- Kancera AB, Karolinska Science Park, 171 48 Solna, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Chioureas
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.H.N.); (J.L.); (D.C.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (E.Å.); (G.G.); (B.S.-L.)
| | - Hannah Stigsdotter
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.H.N.); (J.L.); (D.C.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (E.Å.); (G.G.); (B.S.-L.)
| | - Korbinian Schelzig
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.H.N.); (J.L.); (D.C.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (E.Å.); (G.G.); (B.S.-L.)
| | - Emma Åkerlund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.H.N.); (J.L.); (D.C.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (E.Å.); (G.G.); (B.S.-L.)
| | - Greta Gudoityte
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.H.N.); (J.L.); (D.C.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (E.Å.); (G.G.); (B.S.-L.)
| | - Ulrika Joneborg
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Joseph Carlson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Oncode Institute and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Brinton Seashore-Ludlow
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.H.N.); (J.L.); (D.C.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (E.Å.); (G.G.); (B.S.-L.)
| | - Nina Marie Susanne Gustafsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.H.N.); (J.L.); (D.C.); (H.S.); (K.S.); (E.Å.); (G.G.); (B.S.-L.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Li Q, Dudás K, Tick G, Haracska L. Coordinated Cut and Bypass: Replication of Interstrand Crosslink-Containing DNA. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:699966. [PMID: 34262911 PMCID: PMC8275186 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.699966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are covalently bound DNA lesions, which are commonly induced by chemotherapeutic drugs, such as cisplatin and mitomycin C or endogenous byproducts of metabolic processes. This type of DNA lesion can block ongoing RNA transcription and DNA replication and thus cause genome instability and cancer. Several cellular defense mechanism, such as the Fanconi anemia pathway have developed to ensure accurate repair and DNA replication when ICLs are present. Various structure-specific nucleases and translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases have come into focus in relation to ICL bypass. Current models propose that a structure-specific nuclease incision is needed to unhook the ICL from the replication fork, followed by the activity of a low-fidelity TLS polymerase enabling replication through the unhooked ICL adduct. This review focuses on how, in parallel with the Fanconi anemia pathway, PCNA interactions and ICL-induced PCNA ubiquitylation regulate the recruitment, substrate specificity, activity, and coordinated action of certain nucleases and TLS polymerases in the execution of stalled replication fork rescue via ICL bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuzhen Li
- HCEMM-BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kata Dudás
- HCEMM-BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Tick
- Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lajos Haracska
- HCEMM-BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
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20
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González-Acosta D, Blanco-Romero E, Ubieto-Capella P, Mutreja K, Míguez S, Llanos S, García F, Muñoz J, Blanco L, Lopes M, Méndez J. PrimPol-mediated repriming facilitates replication traverse of DNA interstrand crosslinks. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106355. [PMID: 34128550 PMCID: PMC8280817 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) induced by endogenous aldehydes or chemotherapeutic agents interfere with essential processes such as replication and transcription. ICL recognition and repair by the Fanconi Anemia pathway require the formation of an X‐shaped DNA structure that may arise from convergence of two replication forks at the crosslink or traversing of the lesion by a single replication fork. Here, we report that ICL traverse strictly requires DNA repriming events downstream of the lesion, which are carried out by PrimPol, the second primase‐polymerase identified in mammalian cells after Polα/Primase. The recruitment of PrimPol to the vicinity of ICLs depends on its interaction with RPA, but not on FANCM translocase or the BLM/TOP3A/RMI1‐2 (BTR) complex that also participate in ICL traverse. Genetic ablation of PRIMPOL makes cells more dependent on the fork convergence mechanism to initiate ICL repair, and PRIMPOL KO cells and mice display hypersensitivity to ICL‐inducing drugs. These results open the possibility of targeting PrimPol activity to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy based on DNA crosslinking agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Acosta
- DNA Replication Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Blanco-Romero
- DNA Replication Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Ubieto-Capella
- DNA Replication Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karun Mutreja
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Míguez
- DNA Replication Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Llanos
- DNA Replication Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando García
- Proteomics Unit-ProteoRed-ISCIII, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Muñoz
- Proteomics Unit-ProteoRed-ISCIII, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Blanco
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Massimo Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juan Méndez
- DNA Replication Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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21
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Abstract
DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) covalently connect the two strands of the double helix and are extremely cytotoxic. Defective ICL repair causes the bone marrow failure and cancer predisposition syndrome, Fanconi anemia, and upregulation of repair causes chemotherapy resistance in cancer. The central event in ICL repair involves resolving the cross-link (unhooking). In this review, we discuss the chemical diversity of ICLs generated by exogenous and endogenous agents. We then describe how proliferating and nonproliferating vertebrate cells unhook ICLs. We emphasize fundamentally new unhooking strategies, dramatic progress in the structural analysis of the Fanconi anemia pathway, and insights into how cells govern the choice between different ICL repair pathways. Throughout, we highlight the many gaps that remain in our knowledge of these fascinating DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Semlow
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; .,Current affiliation: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Johannes C Walter
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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22
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Panday A, Willis NA, Elango R, Menghi F, Duffey EE, Liu ET, Scully R. FANCM regulates repair pathway choice at stalled replication forks. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2428-2444.e6. [PMID: 33882298 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Repair pathway "choice" at stalled mammalian replication forks is an important determinant of genome stability; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. FANCM encodes a multi-domain scaffolding and motor protein that interacts with several distinct repair protein complexes at stalled forks. Here, we use defined mutations engineered within endogenous Fancm in mouse embryonic stem cells to study how Fancm regulates stalled fork repair. We find that distinct FANCM repair functions are enacted by molecularly separable scaffolding domains. These findings define FANCM as a key mediator of repair pathway choice at stalled replication forks and reveal its molecular mechanism. Notably, mutations that inactivate FANCM ATPase function disable all its repair functions and "trap" FANCM at stalled forks. We find that Brca1 hypomorphic mutants are synthetic lethal with Fancm null or Fancm ATPase-defective mutants. The ATPase function of FANCM may therefore represent a promising "druggable" target for therapy of BRCA1-linked cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Panday
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nicholas A Willis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rajula Elango
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Francesca Menghi
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Erin E Duffey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Edison T Liu
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Ralph Scully
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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23
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Animal models of Fanconi anemia: A developmental and therapeutic perspective on a multifaceted disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 113:113-131. [PMID: 33558144 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder characterized by developmental abnormalities, progressive bone marrow failure, and increased susceptibility to cancer. FA animal models have been useful to understand the pathogenesis of the disease. Herein, we review FA developmental models that have been developed to simulate human FA, focusing on zebrafish and mouse models. We summarize the recapitulated phenotypes observed in these in vivo models including bone, gametogenesis and sterility defects, as well as marrow failure. We also discuss the relevance of aldehydes in pathogenesis of FA, emphasizing on hematopoietic defects. In addition, we provide a summary of potential therapeutic agents, such as aldehyde scavengers, TGFβ inhibitors, and gene therapy for FA. The diversity of FA animal models makes them useful for understanding FA etiology and allows the discovery of new therapies.
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24
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DNA polymerase ι compensates for Fanconi anemia pathway deficiency by countering DNA replication stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:33436-33445. [PMID: 33376220 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008821117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is caused by defects in cellular responses to DNA crosslinking damage and replication stress. Given the constant occurrence of endogenous DNA damage and replication fork stress, it is unclear why complete deletion of FA genes does not have a major impact on cell proliferation and germ-line FA patients are able to progress through development well into their adulthood. To identify potential cellular mechanisms that compensate for the FA deficiency, we performed dropout screens in FA mutant cells with a whole genome guide RNA library. This uncovered a comprehensive genome-wide profile of FA pathway synthetic lethality, including POLI and CDK4 As little is known of the cellular function of DNA polymerase iota (Pol ι), we focused on its role in the loss-of-function FA knockout mutants. Loss of both FA pathway function and Pol ι leads to synthetic defects in cell proliferation and cell survival, and an increase in DNA damage accumulation. Furthermore, FA-deficient cells depend on the function of Pol ι to resume replication upon replication fork stalling. Our results reveal a critical role for Pol ι in DNA repair and replication fork restart and suggest Pol ι as a target for therapeutic intervention in malignancies carrying an FA gene mutation.
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25
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Calzetta NL, González Besteiro MA, Gottifredi V. Mus81-Eme1-dependent aberrant processing of DNA replication intermediates in mitosis impairs genome integrity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/50/eabc8257. [PMID: 33298441 PMCID: PMC7725468 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc8257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN) underpins cancer evolution and is associated with drug resistance and poor prognosis. Understanding the mechanistic basis of CIN is thus a priority. The structure-specific endonuclease Mus81-Eme1 is known to prevent CIN. Intriguingly, however, here we show that the aberrant processing of late replication intermediates by Mus81-Eme1 is a source of CIN. Upon depletion of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), Mus81-Eme1 cleaves under-replicated DNA engaged in mitotic DNA synthesis, leading to chromosome segregation defects. Supplementing cells with nucleosides allows the completion of mitotic DNA synthesis, restraining Mus81-Eme1-dependent DNA damage in mitosis and the ensuing CIN. We found no correlation between CIN arising from nucleotide shortage in mitosis and cell death, which were selectively linked to DNA damage load in mitosis and S phase, respectively. Our findings imply the possibility of optimizing Chk1-directed therapies by inducing cell death while curtailing CIN, a common side effect of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Luis Calzetta
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Alejandra González Besteiro
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Vanesa Gottifredi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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26
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The mosaic genome of indigenous African cattle as a unique genetic resource for African pastoralism. Nat Genet 2020; 52:1099-1110. [PMID: 32989325 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cattle pastoralism plays a central role in human livelihood in Africa. However, the genetic history of its success remains unknown. Here, through whole-genome sequence analysis of 172 indigenous African cattle from 16 breeds representative of the main cattle groups, we identify a major taurine × indicine cattle admixture event dated to circa 750-1,050 yr ago, which has shaped the genome of today's cattle in the Horn of Africa. We identify 16 loci linked to African environmental adaptations across crossbred animals showing an excess of taurine or indicine ancestry. These include immune-, heat-tolerance- and reproduction-related genes. Moreover, we identify one highly divergent locus in African taurine cattle, which is putatively linked to trypanotolerance and present in crossbred cattle living in trypanosomosis-infested areas. Our findings indicate that a combination of past taurine and recent indicine admixture-derived genetic resources is at the root of the present success of African pastoralism.
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27
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The FANC/BRCA Pathway Releases Replication Blockades by Eliminating DNA Interstrand Cross-Links. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050585. [PMID: 32466131 PMCID: PMC7288313 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) represent a major barrier blocking DNA replication fork progression. ICL accumulation results in growth arrest and cell death—particularly in cell populations undergoing high replicative activity, such as cancer and leukemic cells. For this reason, agents able to induce DNA ICLs are widely used as chemotherapeutic drugs. However, ICLs are also generated in cells as byproducts of normal metabolic activities. Therefore, every cell must be capable of rescuing lCL-stalled replication forks while maintaining the genetic stability of the daughter cells in order to survive, replicate DNA and segregate chromosomes at mitosis. Inactivation of the Fanconi anemia/breast cancer-associated (FANC/BRCA) pathway by inherited mutations leads to Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare developmental, cancer-predisposing and chromosome-fragility syndrome. FANC/BRCA is the key hub for a complex and wide network of proteins that—upon rescuing ICL-stalled DNA replication forks—allows cell survival. Understanding how cells cope with ICLs is mandatory to ameliorate ICL-based anticancer therapies and provide the molecular basis to prevent or bypass cancer drug resistance. Here, we review our state-of-the-art understanding of the mechanisms involved in ICL resolution during DNA synthesis, with a major focus on how the FANC/BRCA pathway ensures DNA strand opening and prevents genomic instability.
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28
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O'Rourke JJ, Bythell-Douglas R, Dunn EA, Deans AJ. ALT control, delete: FANCM as an anti-cancer target in Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres. Nucleus 2020; 10:221-230. [PMID: 31663812 PMCID: PMC6949022 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2019.1685246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Break-induced replication is a specific type of DNA repair that has a co-opted role in telomere extension by telomerase-negative cancer cells. This Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (or ‘ALT’) is required for viability in approximately 10% of all carcinomas, but up to 50% of the soft-tissue derived sarcomas. In several recent studies, we and others demonstrate that expression and activity of FANCM, a DNA translocase protein, is essential for the viability of ALT-associated cancers. Here we provide a summary of how and why FANCM depletion leads to deletion of ALT-controlled cancers, predominantly through a hyper-activation of break-induced replication. We also discuss how FANCM can and has been targeted in cancer cell killing, including potential opportunities in ALT and other genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julienne J O'Rourke
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, (St Vincent's) University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Rohan Bythell-Douglas
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Elyse A Dunn
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Andrew J Deans
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, (St Vincent's) University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
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29
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Liu W, Palovcak A, Li F, Zafar A, Yuan F, Zhang Y. Fanconi anemia pathway as a prospective target for cancer intervention. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:39. [PMID: 32190289 PMCID: PMC7075017 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a recessive genetic disorder caused by biallelic mutations in at least one of 22 FA genes. Beyond its pathological presentation of bone marrow failure and congenital abnormalities, FA is associated with chromosomal abnormality and genomic instability, and thus represents a genetic vulnerability for cancer predisposition. The cancer relevance of the FA pathway is further established with the pervasive occurrence of FA gene alterations in somatic cancers and observations of FA pathway activation-associated chemotherapy resistance. In this article we describe the role of the FA pathway in canonical interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair and possible contributions of FA gene alterations to cancer development. We also discuss the perspectives and potential of targeting the FA pathway for cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Gautier Building Room 311, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Anna Palovcak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Gautier Building Room 311, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Gautier Building Room 311, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Alyan Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Gautier Building Room 311, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Fenghua Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Gautier Building Room 311, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Yanbin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Gautier Building Room 311, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
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30
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Abstract
Common fragile sites (CFSs) are large chromosomal regions that exhibit breakage on metaphase chromosomes upon replication stress. They become preferentially unstable at the early stage of cancer development and are hotspots for chromosomal rearrangements in cancers. Increasing evidence has highlighted the complexity underlying the instability of CFSs, and a combination of multiple mechanisms is believed to cause CFS fragility. We will review recent advancements in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of CFS stability and the relevance of CFSs to cancer-associated genome instability. We will emphasize the contribution of the structure-prone AT-rich sequences to CFS instability, which is in line with the recent genome-wide study showing that structure-forming repeat sequences are principal sites of replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037 USA
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037 USA
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31
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Rossi F, Helbling‐Leclerc A, Kawasumi R, Jegadesan NK, Xu X, Devulder P, Abe T, Takata M, Xu D, Rosselli F, Branzei D. SMC5/6 acts jointly with Fanconi anemia factors to support DNA repair and genome stability. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48222. [PMID: 31867888 PMCID: PMC7001510 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SMC5/6 function in genome integrity remains elusive. Here, we show that SMC5 dysfunction in avian DT40 B cells causes mitotic delay and hypersensitivity toward DNA intra- and inter-strand crosslinkers (ICLs), with smc5 mutants being epistatic to FANCC and FANCM mutations affecting the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway. Mutations in the checkpoint clamp loader RAD17 and the DNA helicase DDX11, acting in an FA-like pathway, do not aggravate the damage sensitivity caused by SMC5 dysfunction in DT40 cells. SMC5/6 knockdown in HeLa cells causes MMC sensitivity, increases nuclear bridges, micronuclei, and mitotic catastrophes in a manner similar and non-additive to FANCD2 knockdown. In both DT40 and HeLa systems, SMC5/6 deficiency does not affect FANCD2 ubiquitylation and, unlike FANCD2 depletion, RAD51 focus formation. SMC5/6 components further physically interact with FANCD2-I in human cells. Altogether, our data suggest that SMC5/6 functions jointly with the FA pathway to support genome integrity and DNA repair and may be implicated in FA or FA-related human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Helbling‐Leclerc
- UMR8200 CNRSEquipe Labellisée La Ligue Contre le CancerUniversité Paris SudGustave RoussyVillejuif CedexFrance
| | | | | | - Xinlin Xu
- School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Pierre Devulder
- UMR8200 CNRSEquipe Labellisée La Ligue Contre le CancerUniversité Paris SudGustave RoussyVillejuif CedexFrance
| | - Takuya Abe
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular OncologyIFOMMilanItaly
- Present address:
Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachioji‐shiTokyoJapan
| | - Minoru Takata
- Laboratory of DNA Damage SignalingRadiation Biology CenterGraduate School of BiostudiesKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Dongyi Xu
- School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Filippo Rosselli
- UMR8200 CNRSEquipe Labellisée La Ligue Contre le CancerUniversité Paris SudGustave RoussyVillejuif CedexFrance
| | - Dana Branzei
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular OncologyIFOMMilanItaly
- Istituto di Genetica MolecolareConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM‐CNR)PaviaItaly
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32
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Ryland GL, Fox LC, Wootton V, Thompson ER, Lickiss J, Trainer AH, Barbaro P, Whyte M, Ritchie D, Blombery P. Severe chemotherapy toxicity in a 10-year-old with T-acute lymphoblastic lymphoma harboring biallelic FANCM variants. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:1257-1259. [PMID: 31942822 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1711075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina L Ryland
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lucy C Fox
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Ella R Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer Lickiss
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alison H Trainer
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Morag Whyte
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David Ritchie
- Department of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Piers Blombery
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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33
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FANCM suppresses DNA replication stress at ALT telomeres by disrupting TERRA R-loops. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19110. [PMID: 31836759 PMCID: PMC6911001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells maintain their telomeres by either re-activating telomerase or adopting the homologous recombination (HR)-based Alternative Lengthening of Telomere (ALT) pathway. Among the many prominent features of ALT cells, C-circles (CC) formation is considered to be the most specific and quantifiable biomarker of ALT. However, the molecular mechanism behind the initiation and maintenance of CC formation in ALT cells is still largely unknown. We reported previously that depletion of the FANCM complex (FANCM-FAAP24-MHF1&2) in ALT cells induced pronounced replication stress, which primarily takes place at their telomeres. Here, we characterized the changes in ALT associated phenotypes in cells deficient of the FANCM complex. We found that depletion of FAAP24 or FANCM, but not MHF1&2, induces a dramatic increase of CC formation. Most importantly, we identified multiple DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair pathways that stimulate the dramatic increase of CC formation in FANCM deficient cells, including the dissolvase complex (BLM-TOP3A-RMI1/2, or BTR), DNA damage checkpoint kinases (ATR and Chk1), HR proteins (BRCA2, PALB2, and Rad51), as well as proteins involved in Break-Induced Replication (BIR) (POLD1 and POLD3). In addition, FANCD2, another Fanconi Anemia (FA) protein, is also required for CC formation, likely through promoting the recruitment of BLM to the replication stressed ALT telomeres. Finally, we demonstrated that TERRA R-loops accumulate at telomeres in FANCM deficient ALT cells and downregulation of which attenuates the ALT-associated PML bodies (APBs), replication stress and CC formation. Taken together, our data suggest that FANCM prevents replisomes from stalling/collapsing at ALT telomeres by disrupting TERRA R-loops.
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34
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Cabral-Marques O, Schimke LF, de Oliveira EB, El Khawanky N, Ramos RN, Al-Ramadi BK, Segundo GRS, Ochs HD, Condino-Neto A. Flow Cytometry Contributions for the Diagnosis and Immunopathological Characterization of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases With Immune Dysregulation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2742. [PMID: 31849949 PMCID: PMC6889851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost 70 years after establishing the concept of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs), more than 320 monogenic inborn errors of immunity have been identified thanks to the remarkable contribution of high-throughput genetic screening in the last decade. Approximately 40 of these PIDs present with autoimmune or auto-inflammatory symptoms as the primary clinical manifestation instead of infections. These PIDs are now recognized as diseases of immune dysregulation. Loss-of function mutations in genes such as FOXP3, CD25, LRBA, IL-10, IL10RA, and IL10RB, as well as heterozygous gain-of-function mutations in JAK1 and STAT3 have been reported as causative of these disorders. Identifying these syndromes has considerably contributed to expanding our knowledge on the mechanisms of immune regulation and tolerance. Although whole exome and whole genome sequencing have been extremely useful in identifying novel causative genes underlying new phenotypes, these approaches are time-consuming and expensive. Patients with monogenic syndromes associated with autoimmunity require faster diagnostic tools to delineate therapeutic strategies and avoid organ damage. Since these PIDs present with severe life-threatening phenotypes, the need for a precise diagnosis in order to initiate appropriate patient management is necessary. More traditional approaches such as flow cytometry are therefore a valid option. Here, we review the application of flow cytometry and discuss the relevance of this powerful technique in diagnosing patients with PIDs presenting with immune dysregulation. In addition, flow cytometry represents a fast, robust, and sensitive approach that efficiently uncovers new immunopathological mechanisms underlying monogenic PIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lena F Schimke
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Nadia El Khawanky
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Precision Medicine Theme, The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Nalio Ramos
- INSERM U932, SiRIC Translational Immunotherapy Team, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Basel K Al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Hans D Ochs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Antonio Condino-Neto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Domingues-Silva B, Silva B, Azzalin CM. ALTernative Functions for Human FANCM at Telomeres. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:84. [PMID: 31552268 PMCID: PMC6743340 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The human FANCM ATPase/translocase is involved in various cellular pathways including DNA damage repair, replication fork remodeling and R-loop resolution. Recently, reports from three independent laboratories have disclosed a previously unappreciated role for FANCM in telomerase-negative human cancer cells that maintain their telomeres through the Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) pathway. In ALT cells, FANCM limits telomeric replication stress and damage, and, in turn, ALT activity by suppressing accumulation of telomeric R-loops and by regulating the action of the BLM helicase. As a consequence, FANCM inactivation leads to exaggerated ALT activity and ultimately cell death. The studies reviewed here not only unveil a novel function for human FANCM, but also point to this enzyme as a promising target for anti-ALT cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Domingues-Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Claus M Azzalin
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Palma A, Pugliese GM, Murfuni I, Marabitti V, Malacaria E, Rinalducci S, Minoprio A, Sanchez M, Mazzei F, Zolla L, Franchitto A, Pichierri P. Phosphorylation by CK2 regulates MUS81/EME1 in mitosis and after replication stress. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:5109-5124. [PMID: 29850896 PMCID: PMC6007509 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The MUS81 complex is crucial for preserving genome stability through the resolution of branched DNA intermediates in mitosis. However, untimely activation of the MUS81 complex in S-phase is dangerous. Little is known about the regulation of the human MUS81 complex and how deregulated activation affects chromosome integrity. Here, we show that the CK2 kinase phosphorylates MUS81 at Serine 87 in late-G2/mitosis, and upon mild replication stress. Phosphorylated MUS81 interacts with SLX4, and this association promotes the function of the MUS81 complex. In line with a role in mitosis, phosphorylation at Serine 87 is suppressed in S-phase and is mainly detected in the MUS81 molecules associated with EME1. Loss of CK2-dependent MUS81 phosphorylation contributes modestly to chromosome integrity, however, expression of the phosphomimic form induces DSBs accumulation in S-phase, because of unscheduled targeting of HJ-like DNA intermediates, and generates a wide chromosome instability phenotype. Collectively, our findings describe a novel regulatory mechanism controlling the MUS81 complex function in human cells. Furthermore, they indicate that, genome stability depends mainly on the ability of cells to counteract targeting of branched intermediates by the MUS81/EME1 complex in S-phase, rather than on a correct MUS81 function in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Palma
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giusj Monia Pugliese
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ivana Murfuni
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Marabitti
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eva Malacaria
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Rinalducci
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and Interactomics Lab, Department of Ecology and Biology, Università della Tuscia, Viale dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna Minoprio
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Sanchez
- Core Facilities Center - Section of Cytometry, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Filomena Mazzei
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lello Zolla
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and Interactomics Lab, Department of Ecology and Biology, Università della Tuscia, Viale dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Annapaola Franchitto
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Pichierri
- Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited disease that is associated with bone marrow failure and a predisposition to cancer. Previous clinical trials emphasized the difficulties that accompany the use of gene therapy to treat bone marrow failure in patients with FA. Nevertheless, the discovery of new drugs that can efficiently mobilize hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the development of optimized procedures for transducing HSCs, using safe, integrative vectors, markedly improved the efficiency by which the phenotype of hematopoietic repopulating cells from patients with FA can be corrected. In addition, these achievements allowed the demonstration of the in vivo proliferation advantage of gene-corrected FA repopulating cells in immunodeficient mice. Significantly, new gene therapy trials are currently ongoing to investigate the progressive restoration of hematopoiesis in patients with FA by gene-corrected autologous HSCs. Further experimental studies are focused on the ex vivo transduction of unpurified FA HSCs, using new pseudotyped vectors that have HSC tropism. Because of the resistance of some of these vectors to serum complement, new strategies for in vivo gene therapy for FA HSCs are in development. Finally, because of the rapid advancements in gene-editing techniques, correction of CD34+ cells isolated from patients with FA is now feasible, using gene-targeting strategies. Taken together, these advances indicate that gene therapy can soon be used as an efficient and safe alternative for the hematopoietic treatment of patients with FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Río
- 1 Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Madrid, Spain .,2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain; and Madrid, Spain .,3 Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Navarro
- 1 Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Madrid, Spain .,2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain; and Madrid, Spain .,3 Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Bueren
- 1 Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Madrid, Spain .,2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain; and Madrid, Spain .,3 Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD) , Madrid, Spain
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Lopez-Martinez D, Kupculak M, Yang D, Yoshikawa Y, Liang CC, Wu R, Gygi SP, Cohn MA. Phosphorylation of FANCD2 Inhibits the FANCD2/FANCI Complex and Suppresses the Fanconi Anemia Pathway in the Absence of DNA Damage. Cell Rep 2019; 27:2990-3005.e5. [PMID: 31167143 PMCID: PMC6581795 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) of the DNA helix are a deleterious form of DNA damage. ICLs can be repaired by the Fanconi anemia pathway. At the center of the pathway is the FANCD2/FANCI complex, recruitment of which to DNA is a critical step for repair. After recruitment, monoubiquitination of both FANCD2 and FANCI leads to their retention on chromatin, ensuring subsequent repair. However, regulation of recruitment is poorly understood. Here, we report a cluster of phosphosites on FANCD2 whose phosphorylation by CK2 inhibits both FANCD2 recruitment to ICLs and its monoubiquitination in vitro and in vivo. We have found that phosphorylated FANCD2 possesses reduced DNA binding activity, explaining the previous observations. Thus, we describe a regulatory mechanism operating as a molecular switch, where in the absence of DNA damage, the FANCD2/FANCI complex is prevented from loading onto DNA, effectively suppressing the FA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marian Kupculak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | | | - Chih-Chao Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Ronghu Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01125, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01125, USA
| | - Martin A Cohn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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39
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Huang J, Zhang J, Bellani MA, Pokharel D, Gichimu J, James RC, Gali H, Ling C, Yan Z, Xu D, Chen J, Meetei AR, Li L, Wang W, Seidman MM. Remodeling of Interstrand Crosslink Proximal Replisomes Is Dependent on ATR, FANCM, and FANCD2. Cell Rep 2019; 27:1794-1808.e5. [PMID: 31067464 PMCID: PMC6676478 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic replisomes are driven by the mini chromosome maintenance (MCM [M]) helicase complex, an offset ring locked around the template for leading strand synthesis by CDC45 (C) and GINS (G) proteins. Although the CDC45 MCM GINS (CMG) structure implies that interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are absolute blocks to replisomes, recent studies indicate that cells can restart DNA synthesis on the side of the ICL distal to the initial encounter. Here, we report that restart requires ATR and is promoted by FANCD2 and phosphorylated FANCM. Following introduction of genomic ICLs and dependent on ATR and FANCD2 but not on the Fanconi anemia core proteins or FAAP24, FANCM binds the replisome complex, with concomitant release of the GINS proteins. In situ analysis of replisomes proximal to ICLs confirms the ATR-dependent release of GINS proteins while CDC45 is retained on the remodeled replisome. The results demonstrate the plasticity of CMG composition in response to replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Marina A Bellani
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Durga Pokharel
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Julia Gichimu
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ryan C James
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Himabindu Gali
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics and Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., K-712D, Boston, MA 02118-2526
| | - Chen Ling
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Zhijiang Yan
- Institute of DNA Repair Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dongyi Xu
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
| | - Amom Ruhikanta Meetei
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology and Cancer & Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
| | - Weidong Wang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michael M Seidman
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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40
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Falquet B, Rass U. Structure-Specific Endonucleases and the Resolution of Chromosome Underreplication. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E232. [PMID: 30893921 PMCID: PMC6470701 DOI: 10.3390/genes10030232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete genome duplication in every cell cycle is fundamental for genome stability and cell survival. However, chromosome replication is frequently challenged by obstacles that impede DNA replication fork (RF) progression, which subsequently causes replication stress (RS). Cells have evolved pathways of RF protection and restart that mitigate the consequences of RS and promote the completion of DNA synthesis prior to mitotic chromosome segregation. If there is entry into mitosis with underreplicated chromosomes, this results in sister-chromatid entanglements, chromosome breakage and rearrangements and aneuploidy in daughter cells. Here, we focus on the resolution of persistent replication intermediates by the structure-specific endonucleases (SSEs) MUS81, SLX1-SLX4 and GEN1. Their actions and a recently discovered pathway of mitotic DNA repair synthesis have emerged as important facilitators of replication completion and sister chromatid detachment in mitosis. As RS is induced by oncogene activation and is a common feature of cancer cells, any advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms related to chromosome underreplication have important biomedical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Falquet
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ulrich Rass
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK.
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41
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Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a complex genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure (BMF), congenital defects, inability to repair DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs), and cancer predisposition. FA presents two seemingly opposite characteristics: (a) massive cell death of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) compartment due to extensive genomic instability, leading to BMF, and (b) uncontrolled cell proliferation leading to FA-associated malignancies. The canonical function of the FA proteins is to collaborate with several other DNA repair proteins to eliminate clastogenic (chromosome-breaking) effects of DNA ICLs. Recent discoveries reveal that the FA pathway functions in a critical tumor-suppressor network to preserve genomic integrity by stabilizing replication forks, mitigating replication stress, and regulating cytokinesis. Homozygous germline mutations (biallelic) in 22 FANC genes cause FA, whereas heterozygous germline mutations in some of the FANC genes (monoallelic), such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, do not cause FA but significantly increase cancer susceptibility sporadically in the general population. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the functions of the FA pathway in the maintenance of genomic stability, and we present an overview of the prevalence and clinical relevance of somatic mutations in FA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshi Niraj
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
| | - Anniina Färkkilä
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
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42
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Basbous J, Constantinou A. A tumor suppressive DNA translocase named FANCM. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:27-40. [DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1568963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Basbous
- Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France
| | - Angelos Constantinou
- Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France
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43
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Andreev V, Hristova R, Asparuhova M, Danovski G, Stoynov S, Gospodinov A. Mammalian INO80 chromatin remodeler cooperates with FANCM to mediate DNA interstrand crosslink-induced checkpoint activation and repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 74:38-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Motnenko A, Liang CC, Yang D, Lopez-Martinez D, Yoshikawa Y, Zhan B, Ward KE, Tian J, Haas W, Spingardi P, Kessler BM, Kriaucionis S, Gygi SP, Cohn MA. Identification of UHRF2 as a novel DNA interstrand crosslink sensor protein. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007643. [PMID: 30335751 PMCID: PMC6193622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi Anemia (FA) pathway is important for repairing interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) between the Watson-Crick strands of the DNA double helix. An initial and essential stage in the repair process is the detection of the ICL. Here, we report the identification of UHRF2, a paralogue of UHRF1, as an ICL sensor protein. UHRF2 is recruited to ICLs in the genome within seconds of their appearance. We show that UHRF2 cooperates with UHRF1, to ensure recruitment of FANCD2 to ICLs. A direct protein-protein interaction is formed between UHRF1 and UHRF2, and between either UHRF1 and UHRF2, and FANCD2. Importantly, we demonstrate that the essential monoubiquitination of FANCD2 is stimulated by UHRF1/UHRF2. The stimulation is mediating by a retention of FANCD2 on chromatin, allowing for its monoubiquitination by the FA core complex. Taken together, we uncover a mechanism of ICL sensing by UHRF2, leading to FANCD2 recruitment and retention at ICLs, in turn facilitating activation of FANCD2 by monoubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Motnenko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chih-Chao Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yasunaga Yoshikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bao Zhan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine E. Ward
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jiayang Tian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wilhelm Haas
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Paolo Spingardi
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benedikt M. Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Skirmantas Kriaucionis
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Martin A. Cohn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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45
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Sanglard LP, Nascimento M, Moriel P, Sommer J, Ashwell M, Poore MH, Duarte MDS, Serão NVL. Impact of energy restriction during late gestation on the muscle and blood transcriptome of beef calves after preconditioning. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:702. [PMID: 30253751 PMCID: PMC6156876 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal nutrition has been highlighted as one of the main factors affecting intra-uterine environment. The increase in nutritional requirements by beef cows during late gestation can cause nutritional deficiency in the fetus and impact the fetal regulation of genes associated with myogenesis and immune response. Methods Forty days before the expected calving date, cows were assigned to one of two diets: 100% (control) or 70% (restricted group) of the daily energy requirement. Muscle samples were collected from 12 heifers and 12 steers, and blood samples were collected from 12 steers. The objective of this work was to identify and to assess the biological relevance of differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the skeletal muscle and blood of beef calves born from cows that experienced [or not] a 30% energy restriction during the last 40 days of gestation. Results A total of 160, 164, and 346 DEG (q-value< 0.05) were identified in the skeletal muscle for the effects of diet, sex, and diet-by-sex interaction, respectively. For blood, 452, 1392, and 155 DEG were identified for the effects of diet, time, and diet-by-time interaction, respectively. For skeletal muscle, results based on diet identified genes involved in muscle metabolism. In muscle, from the 10 most DEG down-regulated in the energy-restricted group (REST), we identified 5 genes associated with muscle metabolism and development: SLCO3A1, ATP6V0D1, SLC2A1, GPC4, and RASD2. In blood, among the 10 most DEG, we found genes related to response to stress up-regulated in the REST after weaning, such as SOD3 and INO80D, and to immune response down-regulated in the REST after vaccination, such as OASL, KLRF1, and LOC104968634. Conclusion In conclusion, maternal energy restriction during late gestation may limit the expression of genes in the muscle and increase expression in the blood of calves. In addition, enrichment analysis showed that a short-term maternal energy restriction during pregnancy affects the expression of genes related to energy metabolism and muscle contraction, and immunity and stress response in the blood. Therefore, alterations in the intra-uterine environment can modify prenatal development with lasting consequences to adult life. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5089-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia P Sanglard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011, USA.,Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, USA
| | - Moysés Nascimento
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, USA.,Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Philipe Moriel
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, Florida, 33865, USA
| | - Jeffrey Sommer
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, USA
| | - Melissa Ashwell
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, USA
| | - Matthew H Poore
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, USA
| | - Márcio de S Duarte
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-000, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Ciência Animal, Viçosa, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Nick V L Serão
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011, USA. .,Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, USA.
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46
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Bhattacharjee S, Nandi S. Rare Genetic Diseases with Defects in DNA Repair: Opportunities and Challenges in Orphan Drug Development for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E298. [PMID: 30200453 PMCID: PMC6162646 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of mechanistic insights into genes and enzymes implicated in rare diseases provide a unique opportunity for orphan drug development. Advances made in identification of synthetic lethal relationships between rare disorder genes with oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have brought in new anticancer therapeutic opportunities. Additionally, the rapid development of small molecule inhibitors against enzymes that participate in DNA damage response and repair has been a successful strategy for targeted cancer therapeutics. Here, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of how many rare disease genes participate in promoting genome stability. We also summarize the latest developments in exploiting rare diseases to uncover new biological mechanisms and identify new synthetic lethal interactions for anticancer drug discovery that are in various stages of preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saikat Nandi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724, USA.
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47
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RUNX Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ation and BLM Interaction Facilitate the Fanconi Anemia Pathway of DNA Repair. Cell Rep 2018; 24:1747-1755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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48
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The concerted roles of FANCM and Rad52 in the protection of common fragile sites. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2791. [PMID: 30022024 PMCID: PMC6052092 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Common fragile sites (CFSs) are prone to chromosomal breakage and are hotspots for chromosomal rearrangements in cancer cells. We uncovered a novel function of Fanconi anemia (FA) protein FANCM in the protection of CFSs that is independent of the FA core complex and the FANCI–FANCD2 complex. FANCM, along with its binding partners FAAP24 and MHF1/2, is recruited to CFS-derived structure-prone AT-rich sequences, where it suppresses DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation and mitotic recombination in a manner dependent on FANCM translocase activity. Interestingly, we also identified an indispensable function of Rad52 in the repair of DSBs at CFS-derived AT-rich sequences, despite its nonessential function in general homologous recombination (HR) in mammalian cells. Suppression of Rad52 expression in combination with FANCM knockout drastically reduces cell and tumor growth, suggesting a synthetic lethality interaction between these two genes, which offers a potential targeted treatment strategy for FANCM-deficient tumors with Rad52 inhibition. Fanconi anemia core proteins have been linked to common fragile site stability. Here the authors shed light into the role of FANCM in common fragile site protection by suppressing double-strand break formation and mitotic recombination.
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49
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Guiraldelli MF, Felberg A, Almeida LP, Parikh A, de Castro RO, Pezza RJ. SHOC1 is a ERCC4-(HhH)2-like protein, integral to the formation of crossover recombination intermediates during mammalian meiosis. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007381. [PMID: 29742103 PMCID: PMC5962103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome segregation errors during meiosis result in the formation of aneuploid gametes and are the leading cause of pregnancy loss and birth defects in humans. Proper chromosome segregation requires pairwise associations of maternal and paternal homologous chromosomes. Chiasmata, which are the cytological manifestations of crossovers (COs), provide a physical link that holds the homologs together as a pair, facilitating their orientation on the spindle at meiosis I. Although CO-promoting activities ensure a balanced number and position of COs, their identity and mechanism of action in mammals remain understudied. Previous work in yeast and Arabidopsis has shown that Zip2 and Shoc1 are ortholog proteins with an important role in promoting the formation of COs. Our work is the first study in mammals showing the in vivo and in vitro function of mouse and human SHOC1. We show that purified recombinant human SHOC1, an XPF/MUS81 family member, preferentially binds branched DNA molecules but apparently lacks in vitro endonuclease activity, despite its conserved ERCC4-(HhH)2 core structure. Cytological observations suggest that initial steps of recombination are normal in a majority of spermatocytes from SHOC1 hypomorphic mice. However, late stages of recombination appear abnormal, as chromosomal localization of MLH1 is reduced. In agreement, chiasma formation is reduced, and cells arrest at metaphase I with a few lagging chromosomes and subsequent apoptosis. This analysis of SHOC1-deficient mice and the selective localization of SHOC1 to a subset of recombination sites show that SHOC1 acts at key mid-stage steps of the CO formation process. The formation of chromosome axial elements and homologous pairing are apparently normal, but synapsis is altered with SYCP1 frequently failing to extend the full length of the chromosome axes. Finally, we describe that SHOC1 interacts with TEX11, another protein important for the formation of COs, connecting SHOC1 to chromosome axis and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel F. Guiraldelli
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Anna Felberg
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Luciana P. Almeida
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Aniruddha Parikh
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo O. de Castro
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Roberto J. Pezza
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
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50
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De Muyt A, Pyatnitskaya A, Andréani J, Ranjha L, Ramus C, Laureau R, Fernandez-Vega A, Holoch D, Girard E, Govin J, Margueron R, Couté Y, Cejka P, Guérois R, Borde V. A meiotic XPF-ERCC1-like complex recognizes joint molecule recombination intermediates to promote crossover formation. Genes Dev 2018; 32:283-296. [PMID: 29440262 PMCID: PMC5859969 DOI: 10.1101/gad.308510.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
De Muyt et al. identified the ZZS (Zip2–Zip4–Spo16) complex, required for crossover formation, which carries two distinct activities: one provided by Zip4, which acts as hub through physical interactions with components of the chromosome axis and the crossover machinery, and the other carried by Zip2 and Spo16, which preferentially bind branched DNA molecules in vitro. Meiotic crossover formation requires the stabilization of early recombination intermediates by a set of proteins and occurs within the environment of the chromosome axis, a structure important for the regulation of meiotic recombination events. The molecular mechanisms underlying and connecting crossover recombination and axis localization are elusive. Here, we identified the ZZS (Zip2–Zip4–Spo16) complex, required for crossover formation, which carries two distinct activities: one provided by Zip4, which acts as hub through physical interactions with components of the chromosome axis and the crossover machinery, and the other carried by Zip2 and Spo16, which preferentially bind branched DNA molecules in vitro. We found that Zip2 and Spo16 share structural similarities to the structure-specific XPF–ERCC1 nuclease, although it lacks endonuclease activity. The XPF domain of Zip2 is required for crossover formation, suggesting that, together with Spo16, it has a noncatalytic DNA recognition function. Our results suggest that the ZZS complex shepherds recombination intermediates toward crossovers as a dynamic structural module that connects recombination events to the chromosome axis. The identification of the ZZS complex improves our understanding of the various activities required for crossover implementation and is likely applicable to other organisms, including mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud De Muyt
- UMR3244, Centre Nationnal de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Curie, PSL (Paris Sciences and Letters) Research University, 75005 Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Pyatnitskaya
- UMR3244, Centre Nationnal de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Curie, PSL (Paris Sciences and Letters) Research University, 75005 Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jessica Andréani
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Institut de biologie et de technologies de Saclay (iBiTec-S), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), UMR9198, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Université Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Lepakshi Ranjha
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Claire Ramus
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble (BIG-BGE), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Raphaëlle Laureau
- UMR3244, Centre Nationnal de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Curie, PSL (Paris Sciences and Letters) Research University, 75005 Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ambra Fernandez-Vega
- UMR3244, Centre Nationnal de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Curie, PSL (Paris Sciences and Letters) Research University, 75005 Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Holoch
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75005 Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR934, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Elodie Girard
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Mines ParisTech, U900, INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jérome Govin
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble (BIG-BGE), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Raphaël Margueron
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75005 Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR934, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble (BIG-BGE), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Petr Cejka
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël Guérois
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Institut de biologie et de technologies de Saclay (iBiTec-S), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), UMR9198, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Université Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Valérie Borde
- UMR3244, Centre Nationnal de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Curie, PSL (Paris Sciences and Letters) Research University, 75005 Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75005 Paris, France
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