1
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Lu KP, Zhou XZ. Pin1-catalyzed conformational regulation after phosphorylation: A distinct checkpoint in cell signaling and drug discovery. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadi8743. [PMID: 38889227 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adi8743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common mechanisms regulating cellular signaling pathways, and many kinases and phosphatases are proven drug targets. Upon phosphorylation, protein functions can be further regulated by the distinct isomerase Pin1 through cis-trans isomerization. Numerous protein targets and many important roles have now been elucidated for Pin1. However, no tools are available to detect or target cis and trans conformation events in cells. The development of Pin1 inhibitors and stereo- and phospho-specific antibodies has revealed that cis and trans conformations have distinct and often opposing cellular functions. Aberrant conformational changes due to the dysregulation of Pin1 can drive pathogenesis but can be effectively targeted in age-related diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review advances in understanding the roles of Pin1 signaling in health and disease and highlight conformational regulation as a distinct signal transduction checkpoint in disease development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ping Lu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
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2
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Liu XL, Run-Hua Z, Pan JX, Li ZJ, Yu L, Li YL. Emerging therapeutic strategies for metastatic uveal melanoma: Targeting driver mutations. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024; 37:411-425. [PMID: 38411373 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumor in adults. Although primary UM can be effectively controlled, a significant proportion of cases (40% or more) eventually develop distant metastases, commonly in the liver. Metastatic UM remains a lethal disease with limited treatment options. The initiation of UM is typically attributed to activating mutations in GNAQ or GNA11. The elucidation of the downstream pathways such as PKC/MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and Hippo-YAP have provided potential therapeutic targets. Concurrent mutations in BRCA1 associated protein 1 (BAP1) or splicing factor 3b subunit 1 (SF3B1) are considered crucial for the acquisition of malignant potential. Furthermore, in preclinical studies, actionable targets associated with BAP1 loss or oncogenic mutant SF3B1 have been identified, offering promising avenues for UM treatment. This review aims to summarize the emerging targeted and epigenetic therapeutic strategies for metastatic UM carrying specific driver mutations and the potential of combining these approaches with immunotherapy, with particular focus on those in upcoming or ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Run-Hua
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Li
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Le Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Lei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Baranyi M, Molnár E, Hegedűs L, Gábriel Z, Petényi FG, Bordás F, Léner V, Ranđelović I, Cserepes M, Tóvári J, Hegedűs B, Tímár J. Farnesyl-transferase inhibitors show synergistic anticancer effects in combination with novel KRAS-G12C inhibitors. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1059-1072. [PMID: 38278976 PMCID: PMC10951297 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of mutant KRAS challenged cancer research for decades. Recently, allele-specific inhibitors were approved for the treatment of KRAS-G12C mutant lung cancer. However, de novo and acquired resistance limit their efficacy and several combinations are in clinical development. Our study shows the potential of combining G12C inhibitors with farnesyl-transferase inhibitors. METHODS Combinations of clinically approved farnesyl-transferase inhibitors and KRAS G12C inhibitors are tested on human lung, colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells in vitro in 2D, 3D and subcutaneous xenograft models of lung adenocarcinoma. Treatment effects on migration, proliferation, apoptosis, farnesylation and RAS signaling were measured by histopathological analyses, videomicroscopy, cell cycle analyses, immunoblot, immunofluorescence and RAS pulldown. RESULTS Combination of tipifarnib with sotorasib shows synergistic inhibitory effects on lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro in 2D and 3D. Mechanistically, we present antiproliferative effect of the combination and interference with compensatory HRAS activation and RHEB and lamin farnesylation. Enhanced efficacy of sotorasib in combination with tipifarnib is recapitulated in the subcutaneous xenograft model of lung adenocarcinoma. Finally, combination of additional KRAS G1C and farnesyl-transferase inhibitors also shows synergism in lung, colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma cellular models. DISCUSSION Our findings warrant the clinical exploration of KRAS-G12C inhibitors in combination with farnesyl-transferase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcell Baranyi
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1091, Budapest, Hungary
- KINETO Lab Ltd, H-1037, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Molnár
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1091, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luca Hegedűs
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medicine Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg-Essen, D-45239, Essen, Germany
| | - Zsófia Gábriel
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1091, Budapest, Hungary
- Pázmány Péter Catholic University Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, H-1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Flóra Gréta Petényi
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1091, Budapest, Hungary
- Pázmány Péter Catholic University Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, H-1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fanni Bordás
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1091, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ivan Ranđelović
- KINETO Lab Ltd, H-1037, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Cserepes
- KINETO Lab Ltd, H-1037, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Hegedűs
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1091, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medicine Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg-Essen, D-45239, Essen, Germany.
| | - József Tímár
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1091, Budapest, Hungary
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4
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Jain K, Minhaj RF, Kanchanawong P, Sheetz MP, Changede R. Nano-clusters of ligand-activated integrins organize immobile, signalling active, nano-clusters of phosphorylated FAK required for mechanosignaling in focal adhesions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.25.581925. [PMID: 38464288 PMCID: PMC10925161 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.25.581925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Transmembrane signalling receptors, such as integrins, organise as nanoclusters that are thought to provide several advantages including, increasing avidity, sensitivity (increasing the signal-to-noise ratio) and robustness (signalling above a threshold rather than activation by a single receptor) of the signal compared to signalling by single receptors. Compared to large micron-sized clusters, nanoclusters offer the advantage of rapid turnover for the disassembly of the signal. However, if nanoclusters function as signalling hubs remains poorly understood. Here, we employ fluorescence nanoscopy combined with photoactivation and photobleaching at sub-diffraction limited resolution of ~100nm length scale within a focal adhesion to examine the dynamics of diverse focal adhesion proteins. We show that (i) subregions of focal adhesions are enriched in immobile population of integrin β3 organised as nanoclusters, which (ii) in turn serve to organise nanoclusters of associated key adhesome proteins- vinculin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin, demonstrating that signalling proceeds by formation of nanoclusters rather than through individual proteins. (iii) Distinct focal adhesion protein nanoclusters exhibit distinct dynamics dependent on function. (iv) long-lived nanoclusters function as signalling hubs- wherein phosphorylated FAK and paxillin formed stable nanoclusters in close proximity to immobile integrin nanoclusters which are disassembled in response to inactivation signal by phosphatase PTPN12 (v) signalling takes place in response to an external signal such as force or geometric arrangement of the nanoclusters and when the signal is removed, these nanoclusters disassemble. Taken together, these results demonstrate that signalling downstream of transmembrane receptors is organised as hubs of signalling proteins (FAK, paxillin, vinculin) seeded by nanoclusters of the transmembrane receptor (integrin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashish Jain
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rida F Minhaj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Molecular Mechanomedicine Program, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rishita Changede
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- TeOra Pte. Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Hu HH, Wang SQ, Shang HL, Lv HF, Chen BB, Gao SG, Chen XB. Roles and inhibitors of FAK in cancer: current advances and future directions. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1274209. [PMID: 38410129 PMCID: PMC10895298 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1274209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that exhibits high expression in various tumors and is associated with a poor prognosis. FAK activation promotes tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis via both kinase-dependent and kinase-independent pathways. Moreover, FAK is crucial for sustaining the tumor microenvironment. The inhibition of FAK impedes tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance in cancer. Therefore, developing targeted inhibitors against FAK presents a promising therapeutic strategy. To date, numerous FAK inhibitors, including IN10018, defactinib, GSK2256098, conteltinib, and APG-2449, have been developed, which have demonstrated positive anti-tumor effects in preclinical studies and are undergoing clinical trials for several types of tumors. Moreover, many novel FAK inhibitors are currently in preclinical studies to advance targeted therapy for tumors with aberrantly activated FAK. The benefits of FAK degraders, especially in terms of their scaffold function, are increasingly evident, holding promising potential for future clinical exploration and breakthroughs. This review aims to clarify FAK's role in cancer, offering a comprehensive overview of the current status and future prospects of FAK-targeted therapy and combination approaches. The goal is to provide valuable insights for advancing anti-cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Engineering Research Center of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sai-Qi Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Engineering Research Center of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hai-Li Shang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Engineering Research Center of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui-Fang Lv
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Engineering Research Center of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bei-Bei Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Engineering Research Center of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - She-Gan Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Engineering Research Center of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Li X, Combs JD, Salaita K, Shu X. Polarized focal adhesion kinase activity within a focal adhesion during cell migration. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1458-1468. [PMID: 37349581 PMCID: PMC10732478 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) relays integrin signaling from outside to inside cells and contributes to cell adhesion and motility. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of FAK activity in single FAs is unclear due to the lack of a robust FAK reporter, which limits our understanding of these essential biological processes. Here we have engineered a genetically encoded FAK activity sensor, dubbed FAK-separation of phases-based activity reporter of kinase (SPARK), which visualizes endogenous FAK activity in living cells and vertebrates. Our work reveals temporal dynamics of FAK activity during FA turnover. Most importantly, our study unveils polarized FAK activity at the distal tip of newly formed single FAs in the leading edge of a migrating cell. By combining FAK-SPARK with DNA tension probes, we show that tensions applied to FAs precede FAK activation and that FAK activity is proportional to the strength of tension. These results suggest tension-induced polarized FAK activity in single FAs, advancing the mechanistic understanding of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaokun Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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7
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Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor (uPAR) Cooperates with Mutated KRAS in Regulating Cellular Plasticity and Gemcitabine Response in Pancreatic Adenocarcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051587. [PMID: 36900379 PMCID: PMC10000455 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal cancers. Given the currently limited therapeutic options, the definition of molecular subgroups with the development of tailored therapies remains the most promising strategy. Patients with high-level gene amplification of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR/PLAUR) have an inferior prognosis. We analyzed the uPAR function in PDAC to understand this understudied PDAC subgroup's biology better. METHODS A total of 67 PDAC samples with clinical follow-up and TCGA gene expression data from 316 patients were used for prognostic correlations. Gene silencing by CRISPR/Cas9, as well as transfection of uPAR and mutated KRAS, were used in PDAC cell lines (AsPC-1, PANC-1, BxPC3) treated with gemcitabine to study the impact of these two molecules on cellular function and chemoresponse. HNF1A and KRT81 were surrogate markers for the exocrine-like and quasi-mesenchymal subgroup of PDAC, respectively. RESULTS High levels of uPAR were correlated with significantly shorter survival in PDAC, especially in the subgroup of HNF1A-positive exocrine-like tumors. uPAR knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in activation of FAK, CDC42, and p38, upregulation of epithelial makers, decreased cell growth and motility, and resistance against gemcitabine that could be reversed by re-expression of uPAR. Silencing of KRAS in AsPC1 using siRNAs reduced uPAR levels significantly, and transfection of mutated KRAS in BxPC-3 cells rendered the cell more mesenchymal and increased sensitivity towards gemcitabine. CONCLUSIONS Activation of uPAR is a potent negative prognostic factor in PDAC. uPAR and KRAS cooperate in switching the tumor from a dormant epithelial to an active mesenchymal state, which likely explains the poor prognosis of PDAC with high uPAR. At the same time, the active mesenchymal state is more vulnerable to gemcitabine. Strategies targeting either KRAS or uPAR should consider this potential tumor-escape mechanism.
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8
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Honda R, Tempaku Y, Sulidan K, Palmer HEF, Mashima K. Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of PTP-PEST at Serine 39 is crucial for cell migration. J Biochem 2023; 173:73-84. [PMID: 36250939 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the molecular details of the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-PEST in cell migration. PTP-PEST knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (KO MEFs) and MEF cells expressing a dominant-negative mutant of PTP-PEST showed significant suppression of cell migration compared to MEF cells expressing wild-type PTP-PEST (WT MEFs). Moreover, MEF cells harbouring a constitutively active mutant of PTP-PEST (S39A MEFs) showed a marked decrease in cell migration. In addition, MEF cells with no PTP-PEST or little PTP activity rapidly adhered to fibronectin and made many focal adhesions compared to WT MEF cells. In contrast, S39A MEF cells showed weak adhesion to fibronectin and formed a few focal adhesions. Furthermore, investigating the subcellular localization showed that Ser39-phosphorylated PTP-PEST was favourably situated in the adherent area of the pseudopodia. Therefore, we propose that suppression of PTP-PEST enzyme activity due to Ser39-phosphorylation in pseudopodia and at the leading edge of migrating cells induces rapid and good adherence to the extracellular matrix. Thus, suppression of PTP activity by Ser39-phosphorylation is critical for cell migration. Three amino acid substitutions in human PTP-PEST have been previously reported to alter PTP activity. These amino acid substitutions in mouse PTP-PEST altered the migration of MEF cells in a positive correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reika Honda
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuko Tempaku
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Kaidiliayi Sulidan
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Helen E F Palmer
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Keisuke Mashima
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.,Life Science Research Center, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
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9
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CARRASCO-CEBALLOS JESSICAMARIANA, BARRERA-HERNÁNDEZ DAVID, LOCIA-ESPINOSA JOSÉ, SAMPIERI CLARALUZ, LARA-REYES JESÚSANTONIO, HERNÁNDEZ-AGUILAR MARÍAELENA, ARANDA-ABREU GONZALOEMILIANO, TOLEDO-CÁRDENAS MARÍAREBECA, CHI-CASTAÑEDA LIZBETHDONAJÍ, PÉREZ-ESTUDILLO CESARANTONIO, ROJAS-DURÁN FAUSTO. Involvement of the PRL-PAK1 Pathway in Cancer Cell Migration. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2023; 3:17-25. [PMID: 36632591 PMCID: PMC9801455 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is a polypeptide hormone synthesized in the lactotrophs of the adenohypophysis and in extrahypophyseal glands (such as the prostate and breasts) where it promotes their development. PRL is also involved in cancer development in these glands. It has been shown to stimulate cancer cell migration, suggesting its possible involvement in metastasis, in which cell migration plays an essential role. However, the role of PRL in cell migration is still unclear. Moreover, the intracellular mechanisms activated by PRL to carry out cell migration are less well understood. PRL exerts its effects via the PRL receptor (PRLR), which leads intracellularly to phosphorylation of Janus protein kinase 2 (JAK2), which in turn phosphorylates p21-activated protein kinase (PAK1), leading to an increase in cell migration. Although several studies have described the involvement of the PRL-PAK1 pathway in breast cancer cell migration, the molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated and there is no integration of these into signaling pathways. This study was conducted based on literature search of review articles and original research in the PubMed database, using the following keywords: PRL, cell migration, PRL and cell migration, PAK1 and signaling pathways. The aim of this review article was to describe the major signaling pathways controlled by PRL-PAK1 and propose a comprehensive model of the signaling pathways associated with PRL-PAK1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - DAVID BARRERA-HERNÁNDEZ
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción “Dr. Carlos Gual Castro”, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - JOSÉ LOCIA-ESPINOSA
- Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - FAUSTO ROJAS-DURÁN
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
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10
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Chen XR, Igumenova TI. Regulation of eukaryotic protein kinases by Pin1, a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 87:100938. [PMID: 36496344 PMCID: PMC9992314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 cooperates with proline-directed kinases and phosphatases to regulate multiple oncogenic pathways. Pin1 specifically recognizes phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro motifs in proteins and catalyzes their cis-trans isomerization. The Pin1-catalyzed conformational changes determine the stability, activity, and subcellular localization of numerous protein substrates. We conducted a survey of eukaryotic protein kinases that are regulated by Pin1 and whose Pin1 binding sites have been identified. Our analyses reveal that Pin1 target sites in kinases do not fall exclusively within the intrinsically disordered regions of these enzymes. Rather, they fall into three groups based on their location: (i) within the catalytic kinase domain, (ii) in the C-terminal kinase region, and (iii) in regulatory domains. Some of the kinases downregulated by Pin1 activity are tumor-suppressing, and all kinases upregulated by Pin1 activity are functionally pro-oncogenic. These findings further reinforce the rationale for developing Pin1-specific inhibitors as attractive pharmaceuticals for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ru Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Tatyana I Igumenova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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11
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The role of RAS oncogenes in controlling epithelial mechanics. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:60-69. [PMID: 36175301 PMCID: PMC9850021 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in RAS are key oncogenic drivers and therapeutic targets. Oncogenic Ras proteins activate a network of downstream signalling pathways, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), promoting cell proliferation and survival. However, there is increasing evidence that RAS oncogenes also alter the mechanical properties of both individual malignant cells and transformed tissues. Here we discuss the role of oncogenic RAS in controlling mechanical cell phenotypes and how these mechanical changes promote oncogenic transformation in single cells and tissues. RAS activation alters actin organisation and actomyosin contractility. These changes alter cell rheology and impact mechanosensing through changes in substrate adhesion and YAP/TAZ-dependent mechanotransduction. We then discuss how these changes play out in cell collectives and epithelial tissues by driving large-scale tissue deformations and the expansion of malignant cells. Uncovering how RAS oncogenes alter cell mechanics will lead to a better understanding of the morphogenetic processes that underlie tumour formation in RAS-mutant cancers.
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12
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Han KJ, Mikalayeva V, Gerber SA, Kettenbach AN, Skeberdis VA, Prekeris R. Rab40c regulates focal adhesions and PP6 activity by controlling ANKRD28 ubiquitylation. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/9/e202101346. [PMID: 35512830 PMCID: PMC9070665 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab40c is a SOCS box-containing protein which binds Cullin5 to form a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex (Rab40c/CRL5) to regulate protein ubiquitylation. However, the exact functions of Rab40c remain to be determined, and what proteins are the targets of Rab40c-Cullin5-mediated ubiquitylation in mammalian cells are unknown. Here we showed that in migrating MDA-MB-231 cells Rab40c regulates focal adhesion's number, size, and distribution. Mechanistically, we found that Rab40c binds the protein phosphatase 6 (PP6) complex and ubiquitylates one of its subunits, ankyrin repeat domain 28 (ANKRD28), thus leading to its lysosomal degradation. Furthermore, we identified that phosphorylation of FAK and MOB1 is decreased in Rab40c knock-out cells, which may contribute to focal adhesion site regulation by Rab40c. Thus, we propose a model where Rab40c/CRL5 regulates ANKRD28 ubiquitylation and degradation, leading to a decrease in PP6 activity, which ultimately affects FAK and Hippo pathway signaling to alter focal adhesion dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jun Han
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Valeryia Mikalayeva
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Scott A Gerber
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Arminja N Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Vytenis A Skeberdis
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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13
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Zhevlakova I, Xiong L, Liu H, Dudiki T, Ciocea A, Podrez E, Byzova TV. Opposite roles of Kindlin orthologs in cell survival and proliferation. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13280. [PMID: 35860876 PMCID: PMC9436913 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear why adhesion-dependent cells such as epithelium undergo anoikis without anchorage, while adhesion-independent blood cells thrive in suspension. The adhesive machinery of these cells is similar, with the exception of Kindlin orthologs, Kindlin 2 (K2) and Kindlin 3 (K3). Here we address how Kindlins control cell survival and proliferation in anchorage-dependent and independent cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS To demonstrate the opposite roles of Kindlin's in cell survival we utilized in vivo and in vitro models and K3 and K2 knockdown and knockin cells. We used human lymphocytes from the K3 deficient patients in tumour model, K3 knockout and knockin macrophages and K2 knockout and knockin MEF cells for experiments in under conditions of adhesion and in suspension. RESULTS Depletion of K3 promotes cell proliferation and survival of anchorage-independent cells regardless of cell attachment. In contrast, the absence of K2 in anchorage-dependent cells accelerates apoptosis and limits proliferation. K3 deficiency promotes human lymphoma growth and survival in vivo. Kindlins' interaction with paxillin, is critical for their differential roles in cell anchorage. While disruption of K2-paxillin binding leads to increased apoptosis, the lack of K3-paxillin binding has an opposite effect in adhesion-independent cells. CONCLUSION Kindlin ortologs and their interaction to cytoskeletal protein paxillin define the mechanisms of anchorage dependence. Our study identifies the key elements of the cell adhesion machinery in cell survival and tumour metastasis, proposing possible targets for tumour treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Zhevlakova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Luyang Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tejasvi Dudiki
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alieta Ciocea
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eugene Podrez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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14
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Multiphoton Microscopy Reveals DAPK1-Dependent Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in a Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Model. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102364. [PMID: 35625969 PMCID: PMC9139596 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The formation of metastasis is not only intricately orchestrated by cancer cells but is also affected by the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). The barrier function of the ECM represents an obstacle that cancer cells have to overcome to disseminate from the primary tumor to form metastasis in distant organs. Here, we demonstrate an approach to studying the remodeling of a collagen-rich ECM by colorectal tumor cells using multiphoton microscopy (MPM). This approach allows the analysis of the invasion front of tumors grown on the CAM in 3D. MPM is superior to conventional histology, which is limited to 2D analysis and needs extensive tissue preparation. Abstract Cancer cells facilitate tumor growth by creating favorable tumor micro-environments (TME), altering homeostasis and immune response in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of surrounding tissue. A potential factor that contributes to TME generation and ECM remodeling is the cytoskeleton-associated human death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1). Increased tumor cell motility and de-adhesion (thus, promoting metastasis), as well as upregulated plasminogen-signaling, are shown when functionally analyzing the DAPK1 ko-related proteome. However, the systematic investigation of how tumor cells actively modulate the ECM at the tissue level is experimentally challenging since animal models do not allow direct experimental access while artificial in vitro scaffolds cannot simulate the entire complexity of tissue systems. Here, we used the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay as a natural, collagen-rich tissue model in combination with all-optical experimental access by multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to study the ECM remodeling potential of colorectal tumor cells with and without DAPK1 in situ and even in vivo. This approach demonstrates the suitability of the CAM assay in combination with multiphoton microscopy for studying collagen remodeling during tumor growth. Our results indicate the high ECM remodeling potential of DAPK1 ko tumor cells at the tissue level and support our findings from proteomics.
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15
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MacNeil IA, Khan SA, Sen A, Soltani SM, Burns DJ, Sullivan BF, Laing LG. Functional signaling test identifies HER2 negative breast cancer patients who may benefit from c-Met and pan-HER combination therapy. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:4. [PMID: 34998412 PMCID: PMC8742957 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research is revealing the complex coordination between cell signaling systems as they adapt to genetic and epigenetic changes. Tools to uncover these highly complex functional linkages will play an important role in advancing more efficacious disease treatments. Current tumor cell signal transduction research is identifying coordination between receptor types, receptor families, and transduction pathways to maintain tumor cell viability despite challenging tumor microenvironment conditions. Methods In this report, coactivated abnormal levels of signaling activity for c-Met and HER family receptors in live tumor cells were measured by a new clinical test to identify a subpopulation of breast cancer patients that could be responsive to combined targeted therapies. The CELsignia Multi-Pathway Signaling Function (CELsignia) Test uses an impedance biosensor to quantify an individual patient’s ex vivo live tumor cell signaling response in real-time to specific HER family and c-Met co-stimulation and targeted therapies. Results The test identified breast tumors with hyperactive HER1, HER2, HER3/4, and c-Met coordinated signaling that express otherwise normal amounts of these receptors. The supporting data of the pre-clinical verification of this test included analyses of 79 breast cancer patients’ cell response to HER and c-Met agonists. The signaling results were confirmed using clinically approved matching targeted drugs, and combinations of targeted drugs in addition to correlative mouse xenograft tumor response to HER and c-Met targeted therapies. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrated the potential benefit of a functional test for identifying a subpopulation of breast cancer patients with coordinated abnormal HER and c-Met signaling for a clinical trial testing combination targeted therapy. Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-021-00798-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A MacNeil
- Celcuity, Inc., 16305 36th Ave N, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN, 55446, USA
| | - Salmaan A Khan
- Celcuity, Inc., 16305 36th Ave N, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN, 55446, USA
| | - Adrish Sen
- Celcuity, Inc., 16305 36th Ave N, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN, 55446, USA
| | - Sajjad M Soltani
- Celcuity, Inc., 16305 36th Ave N, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN, 55446, USA
| | - David J Burns
- Celcuity, Inc., 16305 36th Ave N, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN, 55446, USA
| | - Brian F Sullivan
- Celcuity, Inc., 16305 36th Ave N, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN, 55446, USA
| | - Lance G Laing
- Celcuity, Inc., 16305 36th Ave N, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN, 55446, USA.
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16
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Samson SC, Khan AM, Mendoza MC. ERK signaling for cell migration and invasion. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:998475. [PMID: 36262472 PMCID: PMC9573968 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.998475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAS - Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (RAS-ERK) pathway plays a conserved role in promoting cell migration and invasion. Growth factors, adhesion, and oncogenes activate ERK. While historically studied with respect to its control of cell proliferation and differentiation, the signaling pattern and effectors specific for cell migration are now coming to light. New advances in pathway probes have revealed how steady-state ERK activity fluctuates within individual cells and propagates to neighboring cells. We review new findings on the different modes of ERK pathway stimulation and how an increased baseline level of activity promotes single cell and collective migration and invasion. We discuss how ERK drives actin polymerization and adhesion turnover for edge protrusion and how cell contraction stimulates cell movement and ERK activity waves in epithelial sheets. With the steady development of new biosensors for monitoring spatial and temporal ERK activity, determining how cells individually interpret the multiple in vivo signals to ERK is within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiela C Samson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Akib M Khan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Michelle C Mendoza
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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17
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Temps C, Lietha D, Webb ER, Li XF, Dawson JC, Muir M, Macleod KG, Valero T, Munro AF, Contreras-Montoya R, Luque-Ortega JR, Fraser C, Beetham H, Schoenherr C, Lopalco M, Arends MJ, Frame MC, Qian BZ, Brunton VG, Carragher NO, Unciti-Broceta A. A Conformation Selective Mode of Inhibiting SRC Improves Drug Efficacy and Tolerability. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5438-5450. [PMID: 34417202 PMCID: PMC7611940 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the approval of several multikinase inhibitors that target SRC and the overwhelming evidence of the role of SRC in the progression and resistance mechanisms of many solid malignancies, inhibition of its kinase activity has thus far failed to improve patient outcomes. Here we report the small molecule eCF506 locks SRC in its native inactive conformation, thereby inhibiting both enzymatic and scaffolding functions that prevent phosphorylation and complex formation with its partner FAK. This mechanism of action resulted in highly potent and selective pathway inhibition in culture and in vivo. Treatment with eCF506 resulted in increased antitumor efficacy and tolerability in syngeneic murine cancer models, demonstrating significant therapeutic advantages over existing SRC/ABL inhibitors. Therefore, this mode of inhibiting SRC could lead to improved treatment of SRC-associated disorders. SIGNIFICANCE: Small molecule-mediated inhibition of SRC impairing both catalytic and scaffolding functions confers increased anticancer properties and tolerability compared with other SRC/ABL inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Temps
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Lietha
- Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emily R Webb
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Xue-Feng Li
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John C Dawson
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Morwenna Muir
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth G Macleod
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Valero
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alison F Munro
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Contreras-Montoya
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Juan R Luque-Ortega
- Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Craig Fraser
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Beetham
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Schoenherr
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Lopalco
- Edinburgh Innovations Ltd., Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Arends
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie G Brunton
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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18
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González Wusener AE, González Á, Perez Collado ME, Maza MR, General IJ, Arregui CO. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B targets focal adhesion kinase and paxillin in cell-matrix adhesions. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272564. [PMID: 34553765 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B, also known as PTPN1) is an established regulator of cell-matrix adhesion and motility. However, the nature of substrate targets at adhesion sites remains to be validated. Here, we used bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, in combination with a substrate trapping mutant of PTP1B, to directly examine whether relevant phosphotyrosines on paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK, also known as PTK2) are substrates of the phosphatase in the context of cell-matrix adhesion sites. We found that the formation of catalytic complexes at cell-matrix adhesions requires intact tyrosine residues Y31 and Y118 on paxillin, and the localization of FAK at adhesion sites. Additionally, we found that PTP1B specifically targets Y925 on the focal adhesion targeting (FAT) domain of FAK at adhesion sites. Electrostatic analysis indicated that dephosphorylation of this residue promotes the closed conformation of the FAT 4-helix bundle and its interaction with paxillin at adhesion sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana E González Wusener
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Ángela González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - María E Perez Collado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Melina R Maza
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martin, Instituto de Ciencias Físicas and CONICET, San Martin, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Ignacio J General
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martin, Instituto de Ciencias Físicas and CONICET, San Martin, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Carlos O Arregui
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
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19
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Chang LC, Hsu YC, Chiu HM, Ueda K, Wu MS, Kao CH, Shen TL. Exploration of the Proteomic Landscape of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Serum as Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:732743. [PMID: 34589434 PMCID: PMC8473825 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.732743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patient participation in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening via a stool test and colonoscopy is suboptimal, but participation can be improved by the development of a blood test. However, the suboptimal detection abilities of blood tests for advanced neoplasia, including advanced adenoma (AA) and CRC, limit their application. We aimed to investigate the proteomic landscape of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from the serum of patients with colorectal neoplasia and identify specific sEV proteins that could serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis. Materials and Methods We enrolled 100 patients including 13 healthy subjects, 12 non-AAs, 13 AAs, and 16 stage-I, 15 stage-II, 16 stage-III, and 15 stage-IV CRCs. These patients were classified as normal control, early neoplasia, and advanced neoplasia. The sEV proteome was explored by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Generalized association plots were used to integrate the clustering methods, visualize the data matrix, and analyze the relationship. The specific sEV biomarkers were identified by a decision tree via Orange3 software. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted by using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis platform. Results The sEV protein matrix was identified from the serum of 100 patients and contained 3353 proteins, of which 1921 proteins from 98 patients were finally analyzed. Compared with the normal control, subjects with early and advanced neoplasia exhibited a distinct proteomic distribution in the data matrix plot. Six sEV proteins were identified, namely, GCLM, KEL, APOF, CFB, PDE5A, and ATIC, which properly distinguished normal control, early neoplasia, and advanced neoplasia patients from each other. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that APOF+ and CFB+ sEV associated with clathrin-mediated endocytosis signaling and the complement system, which have critical implications for CRC carcinogenesis. Conclusion Patients with colorectal neoplasia had a distinct sEV proteome expression pattern in serum compared with those patients who were healthy and did not have neoplasms. Moreover, the six identified specific sEV proteins had the potential to discriminate colorectal neoplasia between early-stage and advanced neoplasia. Collectively, our study provided a six-sEV protein biomarker panel for CRC diagnosis at early or advanced stages. Furthermore, the implication of the sEV proteome in CRC carcinogenesis via specific signaling pathways was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Health Management Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiung Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Mo Chiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Health Management Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiun-How Kao
- Department of Statistics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Long Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Chong ZX, Yeap SK, Ho WY. Unraveling the roles of miRNAs in regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in osteosarcoma. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105818. [PMID: 34400316 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most prevalent primary bone tumors with a high metastatic and recurrence rate with poor prognosis. MiRNAs are short and non-coding RNAs that could regulate various cellular activities and one of them is the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Osteosarcoma cells that have undergone EMT would lose their cellular polarity and acquire invasive and metastatic characteristics. Our literature search showed that many pre-clinical and clinical studies have reported the roles of miRNAs in modulating the EMT process in osteosarcoma and compared to other cancers like breast cancer, there is a lack of review article which effectively summarizes the various roles of EMT-regulating miRNAs in osteosarcoma. This review, therefore, was aimed to discuss and summarize the EMT-promoting and EMT-suppressing roles of different miRNAs in osteosarcoma. The review would begin with the discussion on the concepts and principles of EMT, followed by the exploration of the diverse roles of EMT-regulating miRNAs in osteosarcoma. Subsequently, the potential use of miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers in osteosarcoma to predict the likelihood of metastases and as therapeutic agents would be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xiong Chong
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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21
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Clerici SP, Peppelenbosch M, Fuhler G, Consonni SR, Ferreira-Halder CV. Colorectal Cancer Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Educate Human Fibroblasts to Stimulate Migratory Capacity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696373. [PMID: 34336845 PMCID: PMC8320664 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is in the top 10 cancers most prevalent worldwide, affecting equally men and women. Current research on tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) suggests that these small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play an important role in mediating cell-to-cell communication and thus potentially affecting cancer progression via multiple pathways. In the present study, we hypothesized that sEVs derived from different CRC cell lines differ in their ability to reprogram normal human fibroblasts through a process called tumor education. The sEVs derived from CRC cell lines (HT29 and HCT116) were isolated by a combination of ultrafiltration and polymeric precipitation, followed by characterization based on morphology, size, and the presence or absence of EV and non-EV markers. It was observed that the HT29 cells displayed a higher concentration of sEVs compared with HCT116 cells. For the first time, we demonstrated that HT29-derived sEVs were positive for low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (Lmwptp). CRC cell-derived sEVs were uptake by human fibroblasts, stimulating migratory ability via Rho-Fak signaling in co-incubated human fibroblasts. Another important finding showed that HT29 cell-derived sEVs are much more efficient in activating human fibroblasts to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Indeed, the sEVs produced by the HT29 cells that are less responsive to a cytotoxic agent display higher efficiency in educating normal human fibroblasts by providing them advantages such as activation and migratory ability. In other words, these sEVs have an influence on the CRC microenvironment, in part, due to fibroblasts reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Piatto Clerici
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Maikel Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gwenny Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sílvio Roberto Consonni
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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22
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Dawson JC, Serrels A, Stupack DG, Schlaepfer DD, Frame MC. Targeting FAK in anticancer combination therapies. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:313-324. [PMID: 33731845 PMCID: PMC8276817 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is both a non-receptor tyrosine kinase and an adaptor protein that primarily regulates adhesion signalling and cell migration, but FAK can also promote cell survival in response to stress. FAK is commonly overexpressed in cancer and is considered a high-value druggable target, with multiple FAK inhibitors currently in development. Evidence suggests that in the clinical setting, FAK targeting will be most effective in combination with other agents so as to reverse failure of chemotherapies or targeted therapies and enhance efficacy of immune-based treatments of solid tumours. Here, we discuss the recent preclinical evidence that implicates FAK in anticancer therapeutic resistance, leading to the view that FAK inhibitors will have their greatest utility as combination therapies in selected patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Dawson
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Alan Serrels
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dwayne G Stupack
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Centre, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David D Schlaepfer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Centre, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Targeting Pin1 for Modulation of Cell Motility and Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040359. [PMID: 33807199 PMCID: PMC8065645 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) specifically binds and isomerizes the phosphorylated serine/threonine-proline (pSer/Thr-Pro) motif, which leads to changes in protein conformation and function. Pin1 is widely overexpressed in cancers and plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Mounting evidence has revealed that targeting Pin1 is a potential therapeutic approach for various cancers by inhibiting cell proliferation, reducing metastasis, and maintaining genome stability. In this review, we summarize the underlying mechanisms of Pin1-mediated upregulation of oncogenes and downregulation of tumor suppressors in cancer development. Furthermore, we also discuss the multiple roles of Pin1 in cancer hallmarks and examine Pin1 as a desirable pharmaceutical target for cancer therapy. We also summarize the recent progress of Pin1-targeted small-molecule compounds for anticancer activity.
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Young KA, Biggins L, Sharpe HJ. Protein tyrosine phosphatases in cell adhesion. Biochem J 2021; 478:1061-1083. [PMID: 33710332 PMCID: PMC7959691 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adhesive structures between cells and with the surrounding matrix are essential for the development of multicellular organisms. In addition to providing mechanical integrity, they are key signalling centres providing feedback on the extracellular environment to the cell interior, and vice versa. During development, mitosis and repair, cell adhesions must undergo extensive remodelling. Post-translational modifications of proteins within these complexes serve as switches for activity. Tyrosine phosphorylation is an important modification in cell adhesion that is dynamically regulated by the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and protein tyrosine kinases. Several PTPs are implicated in the assembly and maintenance of cell adhesions, however, their signalling functions remain poorly defined. The PTPs can act by directly dephosphorylating adhesive complex components or function as scaffolds. In this review, we will focus on human PTPs and discuss their individual roles in major adhesion complexes, as well as Hippo signalling. We have collated PTP interactome and cell adhesome datasets, which reveal extensive connections between PTPs and cell adhesions that are relatively unexplored. Finally, we reflect on the dysregulation of PTPs and cell adhesions in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Young
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Laura Biggins
- Bioinformatics, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Hayley J. Sharpe
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
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25
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Li J, Mo C, Guo Y, Zhang B, Feng X, Si Q, Wu X, Zhao Z, Gong L, He D, Shao J. Roles of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 in disease pathogenesis. Theranostics 2021; 11:3348-3358. [PMID: 33537091 PMCID: PMC7847688 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pin1 belongs to the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases) superfamily and catalyzes the cis-trans conversion of proline in target substrates to modulate diverse cellular functions including cell cycle progression, cell motility, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of Pin1 has wide-ranging influences on the fate of cells; therefore, it is closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge of Pin1 in disease pathogenesis.
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SERINE-910 Phosphorylated Focal Adhesion Kinase Expression Predicts Better Overall and Disease-free Survival in Melanoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 28:130-138. [PMID: 32044881 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that mediates multiple cellular functions such as survival, invasion, and migration. FAK has been found to be over-expressed in various human cancers, including melanoma. FAK molecule has several tyrosine, serine, and threonine phosphorylation sites which have an important regulatory role. Tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK has been extensively studied, however little is known about the role of serine phosphorylation. We sought to examine the frequency and extent of serine-910 phosphorylated FAK (P-FAKSer910) expression in a spectrum of melanocytic proliferations as well as it's correlation with other histopathologic predictors and its effect on patient's survival. Clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemical expression of P-FAKSer910 were evaluated in 147 melanocytic proliferations: 73 primary melanoma (PM), 19 metastatic melanoma (MetM), 2 melanoma in situ, and 53 melanocytic nevi (MN). Higher cytoplasmic intensity predicted better overall survival (OS) in PM (χ=5.69; P=0.034) and was associated with 48% decrease in death risk (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.28-0.95; P=0.036). In contrast, increased nuclear intensity was significantly associated with better disease-free survival (DFS) when stratified by tumor stage Log-rank test, trend of survival (χ=5.83, P=0.015) and independently on multivariate analysis when subcategorized into 3-tier categories (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.18-0.98; P=0.045). Also, Clark's level and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS) were independent predictors of DFS. Cytoplasmic intensity correlated inversely with American Joint Commission on Cancer stage in primary melanoma cases as well with vascularity in both primary and metastatic melanoma. Nuclear intensity independently correlated negatively with angioinvasion and TILS when subcategorized to 3 tier system. We found American Joint Commission on Cancer tumor stage, Clark's level, depth, ulceration, TILS, mitosis, angioinvasion, and tumor vascularity predictors of both DFS and OS. There was no significant difference in cytoplasmic or nuclear expression among the major categories of melanocytic proliferation. In this pilot immunohistochemistry-based study, we found P-FAKSer910 expression in melanoma by cytoplasmic intensity to correlate with better OS while nuclear intensity correlated with better DFS.
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27
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Casey GR, Stains CI. A fluorescent probe for monitoring PTP-PEST enzymatic activity. Analyst 2020; 145:6713-6718. [PMID: 32812952 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00993h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase non-receptor type 12 (PTPN12 or PTP-PEST) is a critical regulator of cell migration, acting as a tumor suppressor in cancer. Decreases in PTP-PEST expression correlate with aggressive phenotypes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite the importance of PTP-PEST in cellular signaling, methods to directly monitor its enzymatic activity are lacking. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and optimization of a probe to directly monitor PTP-PEST enzymatic activity via a fluorescent readout. This activity sensor, termed pPEST1tide, is capable of detecting as little as 0.2 nM recombinant PTP-PEST. In addition, we demonstrate that this probe can selectively report on PTP-PEST activity using a panel of potential off-target enzymes. In the long-term, this activity probe could be utilized to identify small molecule modulators of PTP-PEST activity as well as provide a prognostic readout for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett R Casey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
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28
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Chastney MR, Lawless C, Humphries JD, Warwood S, Jones MC, Knight D, Jorgensen C, Humphries MJ. Topological features of integrin adhesion complexes revealed by multiplexed proximity biotinylation. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e202003038. [PMID: 32585685 PMCID: PMC7401799 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202003038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) bridge the extracellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton and transduce signals in response to both chemical and mechanical cues. The composition, interactions, stoichiometry, and topological organization of proteins within IACs are not fully understood. To address this gap, we used multiplexed proximity biotinylation (BioID) to generate an in situ, proximity-dependent adhesome in mouse pancreatic fibroblasts. Integration of the interactomes of 16 IAC-associated baits revealed a network of 147 proteins with 361 proximity interactions. Candidates with underappreciated roles in adhesion were identified, in addition to established IAC components. Bioinformatic analysis revealed five clusters of IAC baits that link to common groups of prey, and which therefore may represent functional modules. The five clusters, and their spatial associations, are consistent with current models of IAC interaction networks and stratification. This study provides a resource to examine proximal relationships within IACs at a global level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Chastney
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Craig Lawless
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan D. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stacey Warwood
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew C. Jones
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Knight
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Claus Jorgensen
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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29
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ERK signalling: a master regulator of cell behaviour, life and fate. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:607-632. [PMID: 32576977 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 are the downstream components of a phosphorelay pathway that conveys growth and mitogenic signals largely channelled by the small RAS GTPases. By phosphorylating widely diverse substrates, ERK proteins govern a variety of evolutionarily conserved cellular processes in metazoans, the dysregulation of which contributes to the cause of distinct human diseases. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of ERK1 and ERK2, their mode of action and their impact on the development and homeostasis of various organisms have been the focus of much attention for nearly three decades. In this Review, we discuss the current understanding of this important class of kinases. We begin with a brief overview of the structure, regulation, substrate recognition and subcellular localization of ERK1 and ERK2. We then systematically discuss how ERK signalling regulates six fundamental cellular processes in response to extracellular cues. These processes are cell proliferation, cell survival, cell growth, cell metabolism, cell migration and cell differentiation.
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30
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Hidalgo-Sastre A, Desztics J, Dantes Z, Schulte K, Ensarioglu HK, Bassey-Archibong B, Öllinger R, Engleiter T, Rayner L, Einwächter H, Daniel JM, Altaee ASA, Steiger K, Lesina M, Rad R, Reichert M, von Figura G, Siveke JT, Schmid RM, Lubeseder-Martellato C. Loss of Wasl improves pancreatic cancer outcome. JCI Insight 2020; 5:127275. [PMID: 32434991 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have suggested an oncogenic role for the neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP, encoded by the Wasl gene), but thus far, little is known about its function in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this study, we performed in silico analysis of WASL expression in PDAC patients and found a correlation between low WASL expression and prolonged survival. To clarify the role of Wasl in pancreatic carcinogenesis, we used 2 oncogenic Kras-based PDAC mouse models with pancreas-specific Wasl deletion. In line with human data, both mouse models had an increased survival benefit due to either impaired tumor development in the presence of the tumor suppressor Trp53 or the delayed tumor progression and senescent phenotype upon genetic ablation of Trp53. Mechanistically, loss of Wasl resulted in cell-autonomous senescence through displacement of the N-WASP binding partners WASP-interacting protein (WIP) and p120ctn; vesicular accumulation of GSK3β, as well as YAP1 and phosphorylated β-catenin, which are components of the destruction complex; and upregulation of Cdkn1a(p21), a master regulator of senescence. Our findings, thus, indicate that Wasl functions in an oncogenic manner in PDAC by promoting the deregulation of the p120-catenin/β-catenin/p21 pathway. Therefore, strategies to reduce N-WASP activity might improve the survival outcomes of PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Hidalgo-Sastre
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Judit Desztics
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Zahra Dantes
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Schulte
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Hilal Kabadayi Ensarioglu
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Turkey
| | | | - Rupert Öllinger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics and
| | - Thomas Engleiter
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics and
| | - Lyndsay Rayner
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henrik Einwächter
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Juliet M Daniel
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Katia Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marina Lesina
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics and
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Guido von Figura
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Institute for Developmental Cancer Therapeutics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Essen, Essen, Germany
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31
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Cohn GM, Liefwalker DF, Langer EM, Sears RC. PIN1 Provides Dynamic Control of MYC in Response to Extrinsic Signals. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:224. [PMID: 32300594 PMCID: PMC7142217 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PIN1 is a phosphorylation-directed member of the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) family that facilitates conformational changes in phosphorylated targets such as c-MYC (MYC). Following signaling events that mediate phosphorylation of MYC at Serine 62, PIN1 establishes structurally distinct pools of MYC through its trans-cis and cis-trans isomerization activity at Proline 63. Through these isomerization steps, PIN1 functionally regulates MYC's stability, the molecular timing of its DNA binding and transcriptional activity, and its subnuclear localization. Recently, our group showed that Serine 62 phosphorylated MYC can associate with the inner basket of the nuclear pore (NP) in a PIN1-dependent manner. The poised euchromatin at the NP basket enables rapid cellular response to environmental signals and cell stress, and PIN1-mediated trafficking of MYC calibrates this response. In this perspective, we describe the molecular aspects of PIN1 target recognition and PIN1's function in the context of its temporal and spatial regulation of MYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M Cohn
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Daniel F Liefwalker
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ellen M Langer
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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32
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Pu W, Zheng Y, Peng Y. Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 in Human Cancer: Function, Mechanism, and Significance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:168. [PMID: 32296699 PMCID: PMC7136398 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) is an evolutionally conserved and unique enzyme that specifically catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of phosphorylated serine/threonine-proline (pSer/Thr-Pro) motif and, subsequently, induces the conformational change of its substrates. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that Pin1 is widely overexpressed and/or overactivated in cancer, exerting a critical influence on tumor initiation and progression via regulation of the biological activity, protein degradation, or nucleus-cytoplasmic distribution of its substrates. Moreover, Pin1 participates in the cancer hallmarks through activating some oncogenes and growth enhancers, or inactivating some tumor suppressors and growth inhibitors, suggesting that Pin1 could be an attractive target for cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the findings on the dysregulation, mechanisms, and biological functions of Pin1 in cancer cells, and also discuss the significance and potential applications of Pin1 dysregulation in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchen Pu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
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Yu JH, Im CY, Min SH. Function of PIN1 in Cancer Development and Its Inhibitors as Cancer Therapeutics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:120. [PMID: 32258027 PMCID: PMC7089927 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PIN1) specifically binds and isomerizes the phosphorylated serine/threonine-proline (pSer/Thr-Pro) motif, which results in the alteration of protein structure, function, and stability. The altered structure and function of these phosphorylated proteins regulated by PIN1 are closely related to cancer development. PIN1 is highly expressed in human cancers and promotes cancer as well as cancer stem cells by breaking the balance of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. In this review, we discuss the roles of PIN1 in cancer and PIN1-targeted small-molecule compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Yu
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chun Young Im
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Min
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, South Korea
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Huang HK, Lin YH, Chang HA, Lai YS, Chen YC, Huang SC, Chou CY, Chiu WT. Chemoresistant ovarian cancer enhances its migration abilities by increasing store-operated Ca 2+ entry-mediated turnover of focal adhesions. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:36. [PMID: 32079527 PMCID: PMC7033940 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Among gynecological cancers, ovarian carcinoma has the highest mortality rate, and chemoresistance is highly prevalent in this cancer. Therefore, novel strategies are required to improve its poor prognosis. Formation and disassembly of focal adhesions are regulated dynamically during cell migration, which plays an essential role in cancer metastasis. Metastasis is intricately linked with resistance to chemotherapy, but the molecular basis for this link is unknown. Methods Transwell migration and wound healing migration assays were used to analyze the migration ability of ovarian cancer cells. Real-time recordings by total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRFM) were performed to assess the turnover of focal adhesions with fluorescence protein-tagged focal adhesion molecules. SOCE inhibitors were used to verify the effects of SOCE on focal adhesion dynamics, cell migration, and chemoresistance in chemoresistant cells. Results We found that mesenchymal-like chemoresistant IGROV1 ovarian cancer cells have higher migration properties because of their rapid regulation of focal adhesion dynamics through FAK, paxillin, vinculin, and talin. Focal adhesions in chemoresistant cells, they were smaller and exhibited strong adhesive force, which caused the cells to migrate rapidly. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) regulates focal adhesion turnover, and cell polarization and migration. Herein, we compared SOCE upregulation in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells to its parental cells. SOCE inhibitors attenuated the assembly and disassembly of focal adhesions significantly. Results of wound healing and transwell assays revealed that SOCE inhibitors decreased chemoresistant cell migration. Additionally, SOCE inhibitors combined with chemotherapeutic drugs could reverse ovarian cancer drug resistance. Conclusion Our findings describe the role of SOCE in chemoresistance-mediated focal adhesion turnover, cell migration, and viability. Consequently, SOCE might be a promising therapeutic target in epithelial ovarian cancer. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Kai Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Ai Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shyun Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Soon-Cen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying Campus, Tainan, 736, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yang Chou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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35
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Xiao M, Xie J, Wu Y, Wang G, Qi X, Liu Z, Wang Y, Wang X, Hoque A, Oakhill J, Proud CG, Li J. The eEF2 kinase-induced STAT3 inactivation inhibits lung cancer cell proliferation by phosphorylation of PKM2. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:25. [PMID: 32054489 PMCID: PMC7020344 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-0528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K) is a Ca 2+ /calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase that inhibits protein synthesis. However, the role of eEF2K in cancer development was reported paradoxically and remains to be elucidated. METHODS Herein, A549 cells with eEF2K depletion or overexpression by stably transfected lentivirus plasmids were used in vitro and in vivo study. MTT and colony assays were used to detect cell proliferation and growth. Extracellular glucose and lactate concentration were measured using test kit. Immunoblot and co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to examine the molecular biology changes and molecular interaction in these cells. LC-MS/MS analysis and [γ- 32 P] ATP kinase assay were used to identify combining protein and phosphorylation site. Nude mice was utilized to study the correlation of eEF2K and tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS We demonstrated that eEF2K inhibited lung cancer cells proliferation and affected the inhibitory effects of EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. Mechanistically, we showed that eEF2K formed a complex with PKM2 and STAT3, thereby phosphorylated PKM2 at T129, leading to reduced dimerization of PKM2. Subsequently, PKM2 impeded STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3-dependent c-Myc expression. eEF2K depletion promoted the nuclear translocation of PKM2 and increased aerobic glycolysis reflected by increased lactate secretion and glucose. CONCLUSIONS Our findings define a novel mechanism underlying the regulation of cancer cell proliferation by eEF2K independent of its role in protein synthesis, disclosing the diverse roles of eEF2K in cell biology, which lays foundation for the development of new anticancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianling Xie
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Genzhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zailiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Ashfaqul Hoque
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, SA, 4312, Australia
| | - Jon Oakhill
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, SA, 4312, Australia
| | - Christopher G Proud
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Tong Y, Guo D, Yan D, Ma C, Shao F, Wang Y, Luo S, Lin L, Tao J, Jiang Y, Lu Z, Xing D. KAT2A succinyltransferase activity-mediated 14-3-3ζ upregulation promotes β-catenin stabilization-dependent glycolysis and proliferation of pancreatic carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 469:1-10. [PMID: 31610265 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Frequently occurring histone lysine succinylation is a newly identified histone modification that can be regulated by KAT2A histone succinyltransferase, which is also a histone acetyltransferase. KAT2A histone succinyltransferase activity is important for tumorigenesis; however, the mechanism underlying this tumor-promoting effect remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that KAT2A is highly expressed in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) specimens and positively correlated with advanced stages of PDAC and short patients' survival. In addition, KAT2A expression in PDAC specimens is correlated with 14-3-3ζ expression, and KAT2A regulates H3K79 succinylation in the promoter region of YWHAZ (encoding for 14-3-3ζ) to promote YWHAZ mRNA and 14-3-3ζ expression, thereby preventing β-catenin degradation. Expression of succinyltransferase activity-defective KAT2A Y645A reduces H3K79 succinylation and 14-3-3ζ expression, leading to decreased β-catenin stability and subsequently decreased expression of cyclin D1, c-Myc, GLUT1, and LDHA. KAT2A-mediated 14-3-3ζ and β-catenin expression promotes glycolysis, cell proliferation, and migration and invasion of PDAC cells with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These findings reveal a novel and instrumental role of KAT2A-mediated histone succinylation in regulation of gene expression and β-catenin stability to promote tumor cell proliferation and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Tong
- The Institute of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Cancer Center, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310029, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Cancer Center, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Chunmin Ma
- The Institute of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Fei Shao
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yugang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Shudi Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310029, China
| | - Liming Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310029, China
| | - Jingjing Tao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310029, China
| | - Yuhui Jiang
- The Institute of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- The Institute of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310029, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Vania V, Wang L, Tjakra M, Zhang T, Qiu J, Tan Y, Wang G. The interplay of signaling pathway in endothelial cells-matrix stiffness dependency with targeted-therapeutic drugs. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165645. [PMID: 31866415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been one of the major causes of human deaths in the world. The study of CVDs has focused on cell chemotaxis for decades. With the advances in mechanobiology, accumulating evidence has demonstrated the influence of mechanical stimuli on arterial pathophysiology and endothelial dysfunction that is a hallmark of atherosclerosis development. An increasing number of drugs have been exploited to decrease the stiffness of vascular tissue for CVDs therapy. However, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be explored. This review aims to summarize how matrix stiffness mediates atherogenesis through various important signaling pathways in endothelial cells and cellular mechanophenotype, including RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Hippo pathways. We also highlight the roles of putative mechanosensitive non-coding RNAs in matrix stiffness-mediated atherogenesis. Finally, we describe the usage of tunable hydrogel and its future strategy to improve our knowledge underlying matrix stiffness-mediated CVDs mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Vania
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Marco Tjakra
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Youhua Tan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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CDK5-dependent phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of TRIM59 promotes macroH2A1 ubiquitination and tumorigenicity. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4013. [PMID: 31488827 PMCID: PMC6728346 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the development of adjuvant therapies, glioblastoma (GBM) patients remain incurable, thus justifying the urgent need of new therapies. CDK5 plays a critical role in GBM and is a potential target for GBM. However, the mechanism by which CDK5 promotes GBM tumorigenicity remains largely unknown. Here, we identify TRIM59 as a substrate of CDK5. EGFR-activated CDK5 directly binds to and phosphorylates TRIM59, a ubiquitin ligase at serine 308, which recruits PIN1 for cis–trans isomerization of TRIM59, leading to TRIM59 binding to importin α5 and nuclear translocation. Nuclear TRIM59 induces ubiquitination and degradation of the tumor suppressive histone variant macroH2A1, leading to enhanced STAT3 signaling activation and tumorigenicity. These findings are confirmed by inhibition of CDK5-activated TRIM59 activity that results in suppression of intracranial tumor growth. Correlative expressions of the components of this pathway are clinically prognostic. Our findings suggest targeting CDK5/TRIM59 signaling axis as a putative strategy for treating GBM. CDK5 is known to drive glioblastoma tumorigenicity but the downstream molecular mechanism is unknown. Here, the authors show that CDK5 activates STAT3 signalling via the nuclear import of TRIM59, which leads to the degradation of the tumour suppressor macroH2A1.
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PTEN Suppresses Glycolysis by Dephosphorylating and Inhibiting Autophosphorylated PGK1. Mol Cell 2019; 76:516-527.e7. [PMID: 31492635 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The PTEN tumor suppressor is frequently mutated or deleted in cancer and regulates glucose metabolism through the PI3K-AKT pathway. However, whether PTEN directly regulates glycolysis in tumor cells is unclear. We demonstrate here that PTEN directly interacts with phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1). PGK1 functions not only as a glycolytic enzyme but also as a protein kinase intermolecularly autophosphorylating itself at Y324 for activation. The protein phosphatase activity of PTEN dephosphorylates and inhibits autophosphorylated PGK1, thereby inhibiting glycolysis, ATP production, and brain tumor cell proliferation. In addition, knockin expression of a PGK1 Y324F mutant inhibits brain tumor formation. Analyses of human glioblastoma specimens reveals that PGK1 Y324 phosphorylation levels inversely correlate with PTEN expression status and are positively associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma patients. This work highlights the instrumental role of PGK1 autophosphorylation in its activation and PTEN protein phosphatase activity in governing glycolysis and tumorigenesis.
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40
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Amin S, Yang P, Li Z. Pyruvate kinase M2: A multifarious enzyme in non-canonical localization to promote cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1871:331-341. [PMID: 30826427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rewiring glucose metabolism, termed as Warburg effect or aerobic glycolysis, is a common signature of cancer cells to meet their high energetic and biosynthetic demands of rapid growth and proliferation. Pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) is a key player in such metabolic reshuffle, which functions as a rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme in the cytosol of highly-proliferative cancer cells. During the recent decades, PKM2 has been extensively studied in non-canonical localizations such as nucleus, mitochondria, and extracellular secretion, and pertained to novel biological functions in tumor progression. Such functions of PKM2 open a new avenue for cancer researchers. This review summarizes up-to-date functions of PKM2 at various subcellular localizations of cancer cells and draws attention to the translocation of PKM2 from cytosol into the nucleus induced by posttranslational modifications. Moreover, PKM2 in tumor cells could have an important role in resistance acquisition processes against various chemotherapeutic drugs, which have raised a concern on PKM2 as a potential therapeutic target. Finally, we summarize the current status and future perspectives to improve the potential of PKM2 as a therapeutic target for the development of anticancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Amin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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41
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Aguilar BJ, Zhao Y, Zhou H, Huo S, Chen YH, Lu Q. Inhibition of Cdc42-intersectin interaction by small molecule ZCL367 impedes cancer cell cycle progression, proliferation, migration, and tumor growth. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:740-749. [PMID: 30849276 PMCID: PMC6606017 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1564559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdc42 is a member of the Rho family of small GTPases that are at the crossroads of major oncogenic signaling pathways involved in both lung and prostate cancers. However, the therapeutic potential of Cdc42 regulation is still unclear due to the lack of pharmacological tools. Herein, we report that ZCL367 is a bona fide Cdc42 inhibitor that suppressed cancer development and ZCL278 can act as a partial Cdc42 agonist. In lung cancer cell lines with varying EGFR and Ras mutations as well as both androgen-independent and androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell lines, ZCL367 impeded cell cycle progression, reduced proliferation, and suppressed migration. ZCL367 decreased Cdc42-intersectin interactions and reduced Cdc42-mediated filopodia formation. ZCL367 showed increased potency and selectivity for Cdc42 when compared to Rac1 and RhoA. ZCL367 reduced A549 tumorigenesis in a xenograft mouse model. Altogether, ZCL367 is a selective Cdc42 inhibitor and an excellent candidate for lead compound optimization for further anticancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron J. Aguilar
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Yaxue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shouquan Huo
- Department of Chemistry, Harriot College of Arts and Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- The Harriet and John Wooten Laboratory for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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42
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Ma X, Zhang L, Song J, Nguyen E, Lee RS, Rodgers SJ, Li F, Huang C, Schittenhelm RB, Chan H, Chheang C, Wu J, Brown KK, Mitchell CA, Simpson KJ, Daly RJ. Characterization of the Src-regulated kinome identifies SGK1 as a key mediator of Src-induced transformation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:296. [PMID: 30655532 PMCID: PMC6336867 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress, our understanding of how specific oncogenes transform cells is still limited and likely underestimates the complexity of downstream signalling events. To address this gap, we use mass spectrometry-based chemical proteomics to characterize the global impact of an oncogene on the expressed kinome, and then functionally annotate the regulated kinases. As an example, we identify 63 protein kinases exhibiting altered expression and/or phosphorylation in Src-transformed mammary epithelial cells. An integrated siRNA screen identifies nine kinases, including SGK1, as being essential for Src-induced transformation. Accordingly, we find that Src positively regulates SGK1 expression in triple negative breast cancer cells, which exhibit a prominent signalling network governed by Src family kinases. Furthermore, combined inhibition of Src and SGK1 reduces colony formation and xenograft growth more effectively than either treatment alone. Therefore, this approach not only provides mechanistic insights into oncogenic transformation but also aids the design of improved therapeutic strategies. The systemic understanding of oncogenic kinase signalling is still limited. Here, the authors combine chemical proteomics with functional screens to assess the impact of oncogenic Src on the expressed kinome and identify SGK1 as a critical mediator of Src-induced cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuquan Ma
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Luxi Zhang
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jiangning Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Monash Centre for Data Science, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Nguyen
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Rachel S Lee
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Samuel J Rodgers
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Fuyi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Howard Chan
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Chanly Chheang
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Centre for Cancer Bioinformatics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Kristin K Brown
- Cancer Therapeutics Program and Cancer Metabolism Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Christina A Mitchell
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kaylene J Simpson
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Roger J Daly
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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Song HS, Koo HJ, Park BK, Kwon JE, Jang SA, Baek HJ, Kim SY, Lee SR, Kang SC. The suppressive effect of the three-herb extract mixture on vascular and liver inflammation in atherogenic diet with high fructose-fed mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:32-42. [PMID: 29772938 PMCID: PMC6130671 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1412468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cynanchum wilfordii (Maximowicz) Hemsley (Apocynaceae), Arctium lappa L. var. rubescens Frivald (Asteraceae) and Dioscorea opposite Thunb (Dioscoreaceae) root extracts have been widely used as an alternative for intervening obesity. OBJECTIVES The synergistic effect of three-herb mixture of C. wilfordii, A. lappa and D. opposita was determined on aortic and liver inflammatory responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS CWE, ALE and DOE were prepared from the root of C. wilfordii, A. lappa and D. opposite by 70% ethanol extraction, respectively. CADE was prepared using a powder mixture of 2 CWE:1 ALE:1 DOE. C57BL/6 mice were fed an atherogenic diet combined with 10% fructose (ATHFR) in the presence of 200 mg/kg/day CWE, ALE, DOE or CADE for 8 weeks (each group, n = 6). Biochemical profiles, protein expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) on the aorta and liver were determined. RESULTS CADE could significantly suppress the protein expression of VCAM-1 in both the aorta and liver (80% reduction) compared to ATHFR-fed mice. Impairment of liver function was significantly ameliorated by CADE supplement, as determined by GOT (60% reduction) and GPT (51% reduction) levels. CONCLUSIONS CADE should be considered when developing medications to suppress the vascular and liver inflammatory responses for individuals who are either non-responsive or resistant to lipid-lowering drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Seong Song
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Koo
- Department of Medicinal and Industrial Crops, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Kyun Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Kwon
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-A Jang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Baek
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Young Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ryul Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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44
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Jia C, Keasey MP, Malone HM, Lovins C, Sante RR, Razskazovskiy V, Hagg T. Vitronectin from brain pericytes promotes adult forebrain neurogenesis by stimulating CNTF. Exp Neurol 2018; 312:20-32. [PMID: 30408465 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitronectin (VTN) is a glycoprotein in the blood and affects hemostasis. VTN is also present in the extracellular matrix of various organs but little is known about its function in healthy adult tissues. We show, in adult mice, that VTN is uniquely expressed by approximately half of the pericytes of subventricular zone (SVZ) where neurogenesis continues throughout life. Intracerebral VTN antibody injection or VTN knockout reduced neurogenesis as well as expression of pro-neurogenic CNTF, and anti-neurogenic LIF and IL-6. Conversely, injections of VTN, or plasma from VTN+/+, but not VTN-/- mice, increased these cytokines. VTN promoted SVZ neurogenesis when LIF and IL-6 were suppressed by co-administration of a gp130 inhibitor. Unexpectedly, VTN inhibited FAK signaling and VTN-/- mice had increased FAK signaling in the SVZ. Further, an FAK inhibitor or VTN increased CNTF expression, but not in conditional astrocytic FAK knockout mice, suggesting that VTN increases CNTF through FAK inhibition in astrocytes. These results identify a novel role of pericyte-derived VTN in the brain, where it regulates SVZ neurogenesis through co-expression of CNTF, LIF and IL-6. VTN-integrin-FAK and gp130 signaling may provide novel targets to induce neurogenesis for cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Jia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Matthew P Keasey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Hannah M Malone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Chiharu Lovins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Richard R Sante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Vlad Razskazovskiy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Theo Hagg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
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45
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Jeong KY. Inhibiting focal adhesion kinase: A potential target for enhancing therapeutic efficacy in colorectal cancer therapy. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2018. [PMID: 30364839 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v10.i10.290.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a major integrin-dependent tyrosine phosphorylated protein, recently, FAK association with colorectal cancer (CRC) has gained attention. The various cancer-promoting mechanisms that associated with FAK can be implicated in the progression of CRC. The interactions between structural features of FAK and various kinases could be closely related to growth, survival, and metastasis in CRC cells. These interactions include human epithelial growth factor receptor, c-Met, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, and Src. Such interactions can trigger the survival signaling of CRC cells and are also involved signaling downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, AKT, and the extracellular regulated kinase. Based on this scientific background, many pharmaceutical companies are taking efforts to develop FAK inhibitors to treat solid cancer including CRC. Although the anti-cancer efficacies have been noted in many studies, the commercial drugs have not been developed yet. Therefore, the FAK research on CRC is expected to gain momentum and be highly appreciated as a potential field for developing the new drugs. Therefore, the studies on FAK that effect on the progression of human CRC s would be possible to suggest various approaches to CRC treatment, and FAK could be a potential target as an anticancer candidate for CRC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Yeong Jeong
- Division of Research and Development, Metimedi Pharmaceuticals, Incheon 22006, South Korea.
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Jeong KY. Inhibiting focal adhesion kinase: A potential target for enhancing therapeutic efficacy in colorectal cancer therapy. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 10:290-292. [PMID: 30364839 PMCID: PMC6198301 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v10.i10.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a major integrin-dependent tyrosine phosphorylated protein, recently, FAK association with colorectal cancer (CRC) has gained attention. The various cancer-promoting mechanisms that associated with FAK can be implicated in the progression of CRC. The interactions between structural features of FAK and various kinases could be closely related to growth, survival, and metastasis in CRC cells. These interactions include human epithelial growth factor receptor, c-Met, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, and Src. Such interactions can trigger the survival signaling of CRC cells and are also involved signaling downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, AKT, and the extracellular regulated kinase. Based on this scientific background, many pharmaceutical companies are taking efforts to develop FAK inhibitors to treat solid cancer including CRC. Although the anti-cancer efficacies have been noted in many studies, the commercial drugs have not been developed yet. Therefore, the FAK research on CRC is expected to gain momentum and be highly appreciated as a potential field for developing the new drugs. Therefore, the studies on FAK that effect on the progression of human CRC s would be possible to suggest various approaches to CRC treatment, and FAK could be a potential target as an anticancer candidate for CRC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Yeong Jeong
- Division of Research and Development, Metimedi Pharmaceuticals, Incheon 22006, South Korea
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Prolyl isomerase Pin1: a promoter of cancer and a target for therapy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:883. [PMID: 30158600 PMCID: PMC6115400 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pin1 is the only known peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase (PPIase) that specifically recognizes and isomerizes the phosphorylated Serine/Threonine-Proline (pSer/Thr-Pro) motif. The Pin1-mediated structural transformation posttranslationally regulates the biofunctions of multiple proteins. Pin1 is involved in many cellular processes, the aberrance of which lead to both degenerative and neoplastic diseases. Pin1 is highly expressed in the majority of cancers and its deficiency significantly suppresses cancer progression. According to the ground-breaking summaries by Hanahan D and Weinberg RA, the hallmarks of cancer comprise ten biological capabilities. Multiple researches illuminated that Pin1 contributes to these aberrant behaviors of cancer via promoting various cancer-driving pathways. This review summarized the detailed mechanisms of Pin1 in different cancer capabilities and certain Pin1-targeted small-molecule compounds that exhibit anticancer activities, expecting to facilitate anticancer therapies by targeting Pin1.
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Huang WK, Akçakaya P, Gangaev A, Lee L, Zeljic K, Hajeri P, Berglund E, Ghaderi M, Åhlén J, Bränström R, Larsson C, Lui WO. miR-125a-5p regulation increases phosphorylation of FAK that contributes to imatinib resistance in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:287-296. [PMID: 30149002 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of imatinib mesylate has greatly improved the clinical outcome for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients. However, imatinib resistance is still a major clinical challenge, and the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. We have previously shown that miR-125a-5p and its mRNA target PTPN18 modulate imatinib response in GIST cells. Herein, we evaluated phosphorylated FAK (pFAK) as a candidate downstream target of PTPN18 and the possible association of this regulation with imatinib resistance in GIST. FAK and pFAK expressions were evaluated in GIST882 cells transfected with short hairpin RNA or short interfering RNA targeting PTPN18 or miR-125a-5p mimic, imatinib-resistant GIST882R subclones and clinical samples using Western blot analyses. FAK phosphorylation was blocked using the FAK inhibitor 14 (FAKi) and the effects on cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated using WST-1 assay and cleaved PARP expression. Clinical associations of FAK and pFAK expression with imatinib resistance, KIT mutation and patient outcome were assessed by Fisher's exact test or log-rank test. Over-expression of miR-125a-5p and silencing of PTPN18 increased pFAK, but not FAK, expression in GIST cells. Higher pFAK expression was observed in the GIST882R subclones with acquired imatinib resistance compared to their imatinib-sensitive parental cells. Treatment with FAKi in imatinib-resistant GIST882R cells reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis upon imatinib treatment. Additionally, FAKi could rescue the imatinib resistance effect mediated by miR-125a-5p over-expression. In clinical samples, high FAK and pFAK expressions were associated with KIT mutation status, and high FAK expression was also associated with metastasis in GIST. Higher pFAK was found in cases with shorter overall survival. Our findings highlight an important role for miR-125a-5p regulation and its downstream target pFAK for imatinib resistance in GIST. pFAK and FAK may have prognostic values in GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kuan Huang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pinar Akçakaya
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anastasia Gangaev
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linkiat Lee
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Zeljic
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Praveensingh Hajeri
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Berglund
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Endocrine and Sarcoma Surgery Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mehran Ghaderi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Åhlén
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Endocrine and Sarcoma Surgery Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Bränström
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Endocrine and Sarcoma Surgery Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weng-Onn Lui
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Huang M, Li A, Zhao F, Xie X, Li K, Jing Y, Liu D, Zhao L. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of ring A modified 11-keto-boswellic acid derivatives as Pin1 inhibitors with remarkable anti-prostate cancer activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3187-3193. [PMID: 30153964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pin1 (Protein interaction with never in mitosis A1) is a validated molecular target for anticancer drug discovery. Herein, we reported the design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship study of novel ring A modified AKBA (3-acetyl-11-keto-boswellic acid) derivatives as Pin1 inhibitors. Most compounds showed superior Pin1 inhibitory activities to AKBA. One of the most promising compounds, 10a, potently inhibited Pin1 with IC50 value of 0.46 μM, while it displayed excellent anti-proliferative effect against prostate cancer cells PC-3 with GI50 value of 1.82 μM. Structure-activity relationship indicated that reasonable structural modifications in ring A had significant impact on improving activity. Further mechanism research revealed that 10a decreased the level of Cyclin D1 and caused cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in PC-3 cancer cells. Thus, compound 10a may serve as potential anti-prostate cancer agent for further investigation through Pin1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Aihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaorui Xie
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongkui Jing
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Linxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Targeting Focal Adhesion Kinase Using Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090278. [PMID: 30134553 PMCID: PMC6162372 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed and activated in many human cancers. FAK transmits signals to a wide range of targets through both kinase-dependant and independent mechanism thereby playing essential roles in cell survival, proliferation, migration and invasion. In the past years, small molecules that inhibit FAK kinase function have been developed and show reduced cancer progression and metastasis in several preclinical models. Clinical trials have been conducted and these molecules display limited adverse effect in patients. FAK contain multiple functional domains and thus exhibit both important scaffolding functions. In this review, we describe the major FAK interactions relevant in cancer signalling and discuss how such knowledge provide rational for the development of Protein-Protein Interactions (PPI) inhibitors.
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