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Zhou B, Sheng Q, Yao X, Li T, Lu L. Overexpression of CsBRC, an F-box gene from Camellia sinensis, increased the plant branching in tobacco and rice. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e618. [PMID: 38962172 PMCID: PMC11220506 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Tea plant (Camellia sinensis [L.]) is one of the most important crops in China, and tea branch is an important agronomic trait that determines the yield of tea plant. In previous work focused on GWAS that detecting GWAS signals related to plant architecture through whole genome re-sequencing of ancient tea plants, a gene locus TEA 029928 significantly related to plant type was found. Sequence alignment results showed that this gene belonged to the F-box family. We named it CsBRC. CsBRC-GFP fusion proteins were mainly localized in the plasma membrane. By comparing the phenotypes of CsBRC transgenic tobacco and WT tobacco, it was found that the number of branches of transgenic tobacco was significantly higher than that of wild-type tobacco. Through RNA-seq analysis, it was found that CsBRC affects the branching development of plants by regulating the expression of genes related to brassinosteroid synthesis pathway in plants. In addition, overexpression of CsBRC in rice could increase tiller number, grain length and width, and 1,000-grain weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life ScienceGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Qi Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life ScienceGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Xinzhuan Yao
- College of Tea Science, Institute of Plant Health and MedicineGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Tong Li
- College of Tea Science, Institute of Plant Health and MedicineGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Litang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life ScienceGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
- College of Tea Science, Institute of Plant Health and MedicineGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
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2
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Chagan Z, Nakata G, Suzuki S, Yamagami A, Tachibana R, Surina S, Fujioka S, Matsui M, Kushiro T, Miyakawa T, Asami T, Nakano T. BRZ-INSENSITIVE-LONG HYPOCOTYL8 inhibits kinase-mediated phosphorylation to regulate brassinosteroid signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2389-2405. [PMID: 38635969 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinase in eukaryotes. In plants, the GSK3-like kinase BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2) functions as a central signaling node through which hormonal and environmental signals are integrated to regulate plant development and stress adaptation. BIN2 plays a major regulatory role in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and is critical for phosphorylating/inactivating BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1), also known as BRZ-INSENSITIVE-LONG HYPOCOTYL 1 (BIL1), a master transcription factor of BR signaling, but the detailed regulatory mechanism of BIN2 action has not been fully revealed. In this study, we identified BIL8 as a positive regulator of BR signaling and plant growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Genetic and biochemical analyses showed that BIL8 is downstream of the BR receptor BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) and promotes the dephosphorylation of BIL1/BZR1. BIL8 interacts with and inhibits the activity of the BIN2 kinase, leading to the accumulation of dephosphorylated BIL1/BZR1. BIL8 suppresses the cytoplasmic localization of BIL1/BZR1, which is induced via BIN2-mediated phosphorylation. Our study reveals a regulatory factor, BIL8, that positively regulates BR signaling by inhibiting BIN2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhana Chagan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Genki Nakata
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Shin Suzuki
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yamagami
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryo Tachibana
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Surina Surina
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shozo Fujioka
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Minami Matsui
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kushiro
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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3
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Zebosi B, Vollbrecht E, Best NB. Brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signaling: Conserved and diversified functions of core genes across multiple plant species. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024:100982. [PMID: 38816993 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are important regulators that control myriad aspects of plant growth and development, including biotic and abiotic stress responses, such that modulating BR homeostasis and signaling presents abundant opportunities for plant breeding and crop improvement. Enzymes and other proteins involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of BRs are well understood from molecular genetics and phenotypic analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana; however, knowledge of the molecular functions of these genes in other plant species, especially cereal crop plants, is minimal. In this manuscript, we comprehensively review functional studies of BR genes in Arabidopsis, maize, rice, Setaria, Brachypodium, and soybean to identify conserved and diversified functions across plant species and to highlight cases for which additional research is in order. We performed phylogenetic analysis of gene families involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of BRs and re-analyzed publicly available transcriptomic data. Gene trees coupled with expression data provide a valuable guide to supplement future research on BRs in these important crop species, enabling researchers to identify gene-editing targets for BR-related functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Zebosi
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Erik Vollbrecht
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Norman B Best
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetics Research Unit, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
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Rohr L, Ehinger A, Rausch L, Glöckner Burmeister N, Meixner AJ, Gronnier J, Harter K, Kemmerling B, zur Oven-Krockhaus S. OneFlowTraX: a user-friendly software for super-resolution analysis of single-molecule dynamics and nanoscale organization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1358935. [PMID: 38708397 PMCID: PMC11066300 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1358935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) approaches revolutionize cell biology by providing insights into the nanoscale organization and dynamics of macromolecular assemblies and single molecules in living cells. A major hurdle limiting SRM democratization is post-acquisition data analysis which is often complex and time-consuming. Here, we present OneFlowTraX, a user-friendly and open-source software dedicated to the analysis of single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) approaches such as single-particle tracking photoactivated localization microscopy (sptPALM). Through an intuitive graphical user interface, OneFlowTraX provides an automated all-in-one solution for single-molecule localization, tracking, as well as mobility and clustering analyses. OneFlowTraX allows the extraction of diffusion and clustering parameters of millions of molecules in a few minutes. Finally, OneFlowTraX greatly simplifies data management following the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles. We provide a detailed step-by-step manual and guidelines to assess the quality of single-molecule analyses. Applying different fluorophores including mEos3.2, PA-GFP, and PATagRFP, we exemplarily used OneFlowTraX to analyze the dynamics of plant plasma membrane-localized proteins including an aquaporin, the brassinosteroid receptor Brassinosteroid Insensitive 1 (BRI1) and the Receptor-Like Protein 44 (RLP44).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander Rohr
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Ehinger
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luiselotte Rausch
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Alfred J. Meixner
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julien Gronnier
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Harter
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Kemmerling
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sven zur Oven-Krockhaus
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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5
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Zhao Y, Han Q, Zhang D. Recent Advances in the Crosstalk between Brassinosteroids and Environmental Stimuli. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024:pcae024. [PMID: 38578169 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Due to their sessile lifestyle, plants need to optimize their growth in order to adapt to ever-changing environments. Plants receive stimuli from the environment and convert them into cellular responses. Brassinosteroids (BRs), as growth-promoting steroid hormones, play a significant role in the tradeoff between growth and environmental responses. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary for understanding the crosstalk between BR and various environmental stresses, including water availability, temperature fluctuations, salinization, nutrient deficiencies and diseases. We also highlight the bottlenecks that need to be addressed in future studies. Ultimately, we suppose to improve plant environmental adaptability and crop yield by excavating natural BR mutants or modifying BR signaling and its targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qing Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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6
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Jing T, Wu Y, Yu Y, Li J, Mu X, Xu L, Wang X, Qi G, Tang J, Wang D, Yang S, Hua J, Gou M. Copine proteins are required for brassinosteroid signaling in maize and Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2028. [PMID: 38459051 PMCID: PMC10923931 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Copine proteins are highly conserved and ubiquitously found in eukaryotes, and their indispensable roles in different species were proposed. However, their exact function remains unclear. The phytohormone brassinosteroids (BRs) play vital roles in plant growth, development and environmental responses. A key event in effective BR signaling is the formation of functional BRI1-SERK receptor complex and subsequent transphosphorylation upon ligand binding. Here, we demonstrate that BONZAI (BON) proteins, which are plasma membrane-associated copine proteins, are critical components of BR signaling in both the monocot maize and the dicot Arabidopsis. Biochemical and molecular analyses reveal that BON proteins directly interact with SERK kinases, thereby ensuring effective BRI1-SERK interaction and transphosphorylation. This study advances the knowledge on BR signaling and provides an important target for optimizing valuable agronomic traits, it also opens a way to study steroid hormone signaling and copine proteins of eukaryotes in a broader perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiankun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaohuan Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Hua
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Mingyue Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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7
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Sun X, Xie Y, Xu K, Li J. Regulatory networks of the F-box protein FBX206 and OVATE family proteins modulate brassinosteroid biosynthesis to regulate grain size and yield in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:789-801. [PMID: 37818650 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
F-box proteins participate in the regulation of many processes, including cell division, development, and plant hormone responses. Brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate plant growth and development by activating core transcriptional and other multiple factors. In rice, OVATE family proteins (OFPs) participate in BR signalling and regulate grain size. Here we identified an F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, FBX206, that acts as a negative factor in BR signalling and regulates grain size and yield in rice. Suppressed expression of FBX206 by RNAi leads to promoted plant growth and increased grain yield. Molecular analyses showed that the expression levels of BR biosynthetic genes were up-regulated, whereas those of BR catabolic genes were down-regulated in FBX206-RNAi plants, resulting in the accumulation of 28-homoBL, one of the bioactive BRs. FBX206 interacted with OsOFP8, a positive regulator in BR signalling, and OsOFP19, a negative regulator in BR signalling. SCFFBX206 mediated the degradation of OsOFP8 but suppressed OsOFP19 degradation. OsOFP8 interacted with OsOFP19, and the reciprocal regulation between OsOFP8 and OsOFP19 required the presence of FBX206. FBX206 itself was ubiquitinated and degraded, but interactions of OsOFP8 and OsOFP19 synergistically suppressed the degradation of FBX206. Genetic interactions indicated an additive effect between FBX206 and OsOFP8 and epistatic effects of OsOFP19 on FBX206 and OsOFP8. Our study reveals the regulatory networks of FBX206, OsOFP8, and OsOFP19 in BR signalling that regulate grain size and yield in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yonghong Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kaizun Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jianxiong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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8
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Kim SH, Lee SH, Park TK, Tian Y, Yu K, Lee BH, Bai MY, Cho SJ, Kim TW. Comparative analysis of BZR1/BES1 family transcription factors in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:747-765. [PMID: 37926922 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Brassinazole Resistant 1 (BZR1) and bri1 EMS Suppressor 1 (BES1) are key transcription factors that mediate brassinosteroid (BR)-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis. The BZR1/BES1 family is composed of BZR1, BES1, and four BES1/BZR1 homologs (BEH1-BEH4). However, little is known about whether BEHs are regulated by BR signaling in the same way as BZR1 and BES1. We comparatively analyzed the functional characteristics of six BZR1/BES1 family members and their regulatory mechanisms in BR signaling using genetic and biochemical analyses. We also compared their subcellular localizations regulated by the phosphorylation status, interaction with GSK3-like kinases, and heterodimeric combination. We found that all BZR1/BES1 family members restored the phenotypic defects of bri1-5 by their overexpression. Unexpectedly, BEH2-overexpressing plants showed the most distinct phenotype with enhanced BR responses. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that overexpression of both BZR1 and BEH2 regulates BR-responsive gene expression, but BEH2 has a much greater proportion of BR-independent gene expression than BZR1. Unlike BZR1 and BES1, the BR-regulated subcellular translocation of the four BEHs was not tightly correlated with their phosphorylation status. Notably, BEH1 and BEH2 are predominantly localized in the nucleus, which induces the nuclear accumulation of other BZR1/BES1 family proteins through heterodimerization. Altogether, our comparative analyses suggest that BEH1 and BEH2 play an important role in the functional interaction between BZR1/BES1 family transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hee Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hwa Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ki Park
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanchen Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Kyoungjae Yu
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Ha Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming-Yi Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Sung-Jin Cho
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wuk Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
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Yang Y, Chu C, Qian Q, Tong H. Leveraging brassinosteroids towards the next Green Revolution. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:86-98. [PMID: 37805340 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of gibberellin-related dwarfing genes significantly increased grain yield during the Green Revolution. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a vital role in regulating agronomic traits and stress resistance. The potential of BR-related genes in crop improvement has been well demonstrated, positioning BRs as crucial targets for the next agricultural biotechnological revolution. However, BRs exert pleiotropic effects on plants, and thus present both opportunities and challenges for their application. Recent research suggests promising strategies for leveraging BR regulatory molecules for crop improvement, such as exploring function-specific genes, identifying beneficial alleles, inducing favorable mutations, and optimizing spatial hormone distribution. Advancing our understanding of the roles of BRs in plants is imperative to implement these strategies effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongning Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Chen X, Hu X, Wang H, Liu J, Peng Y, He C, He M, Wang X. GmBES1-1 dampens the activity of GmNSP1/2 to mediate brassinosteroid inhibition of nodulation in soybean. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100627. [PMID: 37208896 PMCID: PMC10721450 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) forms root nodules to house rhizobial bacteria for biological nitrogen fixation. The development of root nodules is intricately regulated by endogenous and exogenous cues. The phytohormones brassinosteroids (BRs) have been shown to negatively regulate nodulation in soybean, but the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we performed transcriptomic analyses and revealed that BR signaling negatively regulates nodulation factor (NF) signaling. We found that BR signaling inhibits nodulation through its signaling component GmBES1-1 by dampening NF signaling and nodule formation. In addition, GmBES1-1 can directly interact with both GmNSP1 and GmNSP2 to inhibit their interaction and the DNA-binding activity of GmNSP1. Furthermore, BR-induced nuclear accumulation of GmBES1-1 is essential for inhibiting nodulation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that regulation of GmBES1-1 subcellular localization by BRs plays a key role in the legume-rhizobium symbiosis and plant development, indicating a crosstalk mechanism between phytohormone and symbiosis signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xiaotong Hu
- Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Haijiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yaqi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Chunmei He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Miao He
- Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xuelu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China.
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11
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Yang R, Yang Z, Xing M, Jing Y, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Qiao W, Sun J. TaBZR1 enhances wheat salt tolerance via promoting ABA biosynthesis and ROS scavenging. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:861-871. [PMID: 37734712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are vital plant steroid hormones involved in numerous aspects of plant life including growth, development, and responses to various stresses. However, the underlying mechanisms of how BR regulates abiotic stress responses in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) remain to be elucidated. Here, we find that BR signal core transcription factor BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (TaBZR1) is significantly up-regulated by salt treatment. Overexpression of Tabzr1-1D (a gain-of-function TaBZR1 mutant protein) improves wheat salt tolerance. Furthermore, we show that TaBZR1 binds directly to the G-box motif in the promoter of ABA biosynthesis gene TaNCED3 to activate its expression and promotes ABA accumulation. Moreover, TaBZR1 associates with the promoters of ROS-scavenging genes TaGPX2 and TaGPX3 to activate their expression. Taken together, our results elucidate that TaBZR1 improves salt-stress tolerance by activating some genes involved in the biosynthesis of ABA and ROS scavenging in wheat, which gives us a new strategy to improve the salt tolerance of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
| | - Yexing Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China
| | - Huixian Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Weihua Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China.
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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12
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Zhang Z, Zhang H, Gonzalez E, Grismer T, Xu SL, Wang ZY. UPL3 Promotes BZR1 Degradation, Growth Arrest, and Seedling Survival under Starvation Stress in Arabidopsis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.562997. [PMID: 37904964 PMCID: PMC10614919 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.562997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
BRASSINAZONE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) is a key transcription factor of the brassinosteroid signaling pathway but also a signaling hub that integrates diverse signals that modulate plant growth. Previous studies have shown that starvation causes BZR1 degradation, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Here we performed quantitative proteomic analysis of BZR1 interactome under starvation conditions and identified two BZR1-interacting ubiquitin ligases, BAF1 and UPL3. Compared to the wild type, the upl3 mutants show long hypocotyl and increased BZR1 levels when grown under sugar starvation conditions but not when grown on sugar-containing media, indicating a role of UPL3 in BZR1 degradation specifically under starvation conditions. The upl3 mutants showed a reduced survival rate after starvation treatment, supporting the importance of UPL3-mediated BZR1 degradation and growth arrest for starvation survival. Treatments with inhibitors of TARGET of RAPAMYCIN (TOR) and autophagy altered BZR1 level in the wild type but were less effective in upl3 , suggesting that UPL3 mediates the TOR-regulated and autophagy-dependent degradation of BZR1. Further, the UPL3 protein level is increased posttranscriptionally by starvation but decreased by sugar treatment. Our study identifies UPL3 as a key component that mediates sugar regulation of hormone signaling pathways, important for optimal growth and survival in plants. IN A NUTSHELL Background: The coordination between signaling pathways that monitor the levels of photosynthate and growth hormones is crucial for optimizing growth and survival, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. When the sugar level is low, the BZR1 transcription factor of the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway is degraded, and hence growth is attenuated to prevent starvation and enhance survival. When sugar is sufficient, sugar signaling inhibits BZR1 degradation and enables BR promotion of plant growth. The key component that mediates starvation-induced BZR1 degradation remains unknown.Question: What proteins interact with BZR1 and mediate its degradation under sugar starvation?Finding: We performed immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry analysis of BZR1 in starvation-treated Arabidopsis and identified many BZR1-interacting proteins, including two E3 ligases UPL3 and BAF1. Genetic analysis showed that UPL3 plays a specific and prominent role in promoting autophagy-dependent BZR1 degradation and plant survival under sugar-starvation conditions.Next step: How sugar-TOR signaling regulates UPL3 level remains to be studied in the future.
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13
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Derevyanchuk M, Kretynin S, Bukhonska Y, Pokotylo I, Khripach V, Ruelland E, Filepova R, Dobrev PI, Martinec J, Kravets V. Influence of Exogenous 24-Epicasterone on the Hormonal Status of Soybean Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3586. [PMID: 37896049 PMCID: PMC10609748 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are key phytohormones involved in the regulation of major processes of cell metabolism that guide plant growth. In the past decades, new evidence has made it clear that BRs also play a key role in the orchestration of plant responses to many abiotic and biotic stresses. In the present work, we analyzed the impact of foliar treatment with 24-epicastasterone (ECS) on the endogenous content of major phytohormones (auxins, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid) and their intermediates in soybean leaves 7 days following the treatment. Changes in the endogenous content of phytohormones have been identified and quantified by LC/MS. The obtained results point to a clear role of ECS in the upregulation of auxin content (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) and downregulation of salicylic, jasmonic, and abscisic acid levels. These data confirm that under optimal conditions, ECS in tested concentrations of 0.25 µM and 1 µM might promote growth in soybeans by inducing auxin contents. Benzoic acid (a precursor of salicylic acid (SA)), but not SA itself, has also been highly accumulated under ECS treatment, which indicates an activation of the adaptation strategies of cell metabolism to possible environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Derevyanchuk
- VP Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Serhii Kretynin
- VP Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslava Bukhonska
- VP Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Igor Pokotylo
- VP Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60203 Compiègne, France;
| | - Vladimir Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich Str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Eric Ruelland
- Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60203 Compiègne, France;
| | - Roberta Filepova
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petre I. Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Volodymyr Kravets
- VP Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
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14
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Chaudhary A, Hsiao YC, Jessica Yeh FL, Wu HM, Cheung AY, Xu SL, Wang ZY. Brassinosteroid recruits FERONIA to safeguard cell expansion in Arabidopsis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.01.560400. [PMID: 37873480 PMCID: PMC10592874 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.01.560400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell expansion is driven by turgor pressure and regulated by hormones. How plant cells avoid cell wall rupture during hormone-induced cell expansion remains a mystery. Here we show that brassinosteroid (BR), while stimulating cell elongation, promotes the plasma membrane (PM) accumulation of the receptor kinase FERONIA (FER), which monitors cell wall damage and in turn attenuates BR-induced cell elongation to prevent cell rupture. The GSK3-like kinase BIN2 phosphorylates FER, resulting in reduced FER accumulation and translocation from endoplasmic reticulum to PM. By inactivating BIN2, BR signaling promotes dephosphorylation and increases PM accumulation of FER, thereby enhancing the surveillance of cell wall integrity. Our study reveals a vital signaling circuit that coordinates hormone signaling with mechanical sensing to prevent cell bursting during hormone-induced cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Chaudhary
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Chun Hsiao
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science; Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Hen-Ming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts; Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Alice Y. Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts; Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Shou-Ling Xu
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science; Stanford, CA, USA
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15
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Yang R, Liu P, Zhang T, Dong H, Jing Y, Yang Z, Tang S, Zhang Y, Lv M, Liu J, Zhang Y, Qiao W, Liu J, Sun J. Plant-specific BLISTER interacts with kinase BIN2 and BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 during skotomorphogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1580-1596. [PMID: 37335918 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids play an essential role in promoting skotomorphogenesis, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here we report that a plant-specific BLISTER (BLI) protein functions as a positive regulator of both BR signaling and skotomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We found that the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-like kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 interacts with and phosphorylates BLI at 4 phosphorylation sites (Ser70, Ser146, Thr256, and Ser267) for degradation; in turn, BR inhibits degradation of BLI. Specifically, BLI cooperates with the BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 (BZR1) transcription factor to facilitate the transcriptional activation of BR-responsive genes. Genetic analyses indicated that BLI is essentially required for BZR1-mediated hypocotyl elongation in the dark. Intriguingly, we reveal that BLI and BZR1 orchestrate the transcriptional expression of gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic genes to promote the production of bioactive GAs. Our results demonstrate that BLI acts as an essential regulator of Arabidopsis skotomorphogenesis by promoting BR signaling and GA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huixue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yexing Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sha Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Mingjie Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weihua Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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16
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Kim EJ, Zhang C, Guo B, Eekhout T, Houbaert A, Wendrich JR, Vandamme N, Tiwari M, Simon--Vezo C, Vanhoutte I, Saeys Y, Wang K, Zhu Y, De Rybel B, Russinova E. Cell type-specific attenuation of brassinosteroid signaling precedes stomatal asymmetric cell division. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303758120. [PMID: 37639582 PMCID: PMC10483622 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303758120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and stomatal development are connected through the SHAGGY/GSK3-like kinase BR INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2). BIN2 is a key negative regulator of BR signaling but it plays a dual role in stomatal development. BIN2 promotes or restricts stomatal asymmetric cell division (ACD) depending on its subcellular localization, which is regulated by the stomatal lineage-specific scaffold protein POLAR. BRs inactivate BIN2, but how they govern stomatal development remains unclear. Mapping the single-cell transcriptome of stomatal lineages after triggering BR signaling with either exogenous BRs or the specific BIN2 inhibitor, bikinin, revealed that the two modes of BR signaling activation generate spatiotemporally distinct transcriptional responses. We established that BIN2 is always sensitive to the inhibitor but, when in a complex with POLAR and its closest homolog POLAR-LIKE1, it becomes protected from BR-mediated inactivation. Subsequently, BR signaling in ACD precursors is attenuated, while it remains active in epidermal cells devoid of scaffolds and undergoing differentiation. Our study demonstrates how scaffold proteins contribute to cellular signal specificity of hormonal responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent9052, Belgium
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent9052, Belgium
| | - Boyu Guo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent9052, Belgium
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Thomas Eekhout
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent9052, Belgium
- VIB Single Cell Core, VIB, Ghent9052, Belgium
| | - Anaxi Houbaert
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent9052, Belgium
| | - Jos R. Wendrich
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent9052, Belgium
| | | | - Manish Tiwari
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent9052, Belgium
| | - Claire Simon--Vezo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent9052, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Vanhoutte
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent9052, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent9052, Belgium
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent9052, Belgium
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Yuxian Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Bert De Rybel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent9052, Belgium
| | - Eugenia Russinova
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent9052, Belgium
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17
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Han C, Wang L, Lyu J, Shi W, Yao L, Fan M, Bai MY. Brassinosteroid signaling and molecular crosstalk with nutrients in plants. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:541-553. [PMID: 36914050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to optimize their growth and development in response to fluctuating nutrient levels. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of plant steroid hormones that play critical roles in plant growth and developmental processes as well as plant responses to environmental stimuli. Recently, multiple molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain the integration of BRs with different nutrient signaling processes to coordinate gene expression, metabolism, growth, and survival. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of the BR signaling pathway and the multifaceted roles of BR in the intertwined sensing, signaling, and metabolic processes of sugar, nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron. Further understanding and exploring these BR-related processes and mechanisms will facilitate advances in crop breeding for higher resource efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jinyang Lyu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Wen Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Lianmei Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Min Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Ming-Yi Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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18
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Tang S, Zhao Z, Liu X, Sui Y, Zhang D, Zhi H, Gao Y, Zhang H, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhao M, Li D, Wang K, He Q, Zhang R, Zhang W, Jia G, Tang W, Ye X, Wu C, Diao X. An E2-E3 pair contributes to seed size control in grain crops. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3091. [PMID: 37248257 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate grain yield is important for improving agricultural productivity. Protein ubiquitination controls various aspects of plant growth but lacks understanding on how E2-E3 enzyme pairs impact grain yield in major crops. Here, we identified a RING-type E3 ligase SGD1 and its E2 partner SiUBC32 responsible for grain yield control in Setaria italica. The conserved role of SGD1 was observed in wheat, maize, and rice. Furthermore, SGD1 ubiquitinates the brassinosteroid receptor BRI1, stabilizing it and promoting plant growth. Overexpression of an elite SGD1 haplotype improved grain yield by about 12.8% per plant, and promote complex biological processes such as protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, stress responses, photosystem stabilization, and nitrogen metabolism. Our research not only identifies the SiUBC32-SGD1-BRI1 genetic module that contributes to grain yield improvement but also provides a strategy for exploring key genes controlling important traits in Poaceae crops using the Setaria model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural, Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China
| | - Yi Sui
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanzhu Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yannan Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Meicheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural, Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Renliang Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guanqing Jia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xingguo Ye
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chuanyin Wu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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19
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Zhou B, Luo Q, Shen Y, Wei L, Song X, Liao H, Ni L, Shen T, Du X, Han J, Jiang M, Feng S, Wu G. Coordinated regulation of vegetative phase change by brassinosteroids and the age pathway in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2608. [PMID: 37147280 PMCID: PMC10163027 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetative phase change in plants is regulated by a gradual decline in the level of miR156 and a corresponding increase in the expression of its targets, SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) genes. Gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), and cytokinin (CK) regulate vegetative phase change by affecting genes in the miR156-SPL pathway. However, whether other phytohormones play a role in vegetative phase change remains unknown. Here, we show that a loss-of-function mutation in the brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthetic gene, DWARF5 (DWF5), delays vegetative phase change, and the defective phenotype is primarily attributable to reduced levels of SPL9 and miR172, and a corresponding increase in TARGET OF EAT1 (TOE1). We further show that GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE3 (GSK3)-like kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2) directly interacts with and phosphorylates SPL9 and TOE1 to cause subsequent proteolytic degradation. Therefore, BRs function to stabilize SPL9 and TOE1 simultaneously to regulate vegetative phase change in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingying Zhou
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130062, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, The Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vege-table, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticultural Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Luo
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130062, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, The Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vege-table, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticultural Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanghui Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, The Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vege-table, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticultural Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, The Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vege-table, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticultural Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, The Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vege-table, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticultural Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hangqian Liao
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, The Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vege-table, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticultural Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinglin Du
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Junyou Han
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Mingyi Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengjun Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, The Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vege-table, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticultural Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, The Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vege-table, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticultural Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Kim TW, Park CH, Hsu CC, Kim YW, Ko YW, Zhang Z, Zhu JY, Hsiao YC, Branon T, Kaasik K, Saldivar E, Li K, Pasha A, Provart NJ, Burlingame AL, Xu SL, Ting AY, Wang ZY. Mapping the signaling network of BIN2 kinase using TurboID-mediated biotin labeling and phosphoproteomics. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:975-993. [PMID: 36660928 PMCID: PMC10015162 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating enzyme-substrate relationships in posttranslational modification (PTM) networks is crucial for understanding signal transduction pathways but is technically difficult because enzyme-substrate interactions tend to be transient. Here, we demonstrate that TurboID-based proximity labeling (TbPL) effectively and specifically captures the substrates of kinases and phosphatases. TbPL-mass spectrometry (TbPL-MS) identified over 400 proximal proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2), a member of the GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3 (GSK3) family that integrates signaling pathways controlling diverse developmental and acclimation processes. A large portion of the BIN2-proximal proteins showed BIN2-dependent phosphorylation in vivo or in vitro, suggesting that these are BIN2 substrates. Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that the BIN2-proximal proteins include interactors of BIN2 substrates, revealing a high level of interactions among the BIN2-proximal proteins. Our proteomic analysis establishes the BIN2 signaling network and uncovers BIN2 functions in regulating key cellular processes such as transcription, RNA processing, translation initiation, vesicle trafficking, and cytoskeleton organization. We further discovered significant overlap between the GSK3 phosphorylome and the O-GlcNAcylome, suggesting an evolutionarily ancient relationship between GSK3 and the nutrient-sensing O-glycosylation pathway. Our work presents a powerful method for mapping PTM networks, a large dataset of GSK3 kinase substrates, and important insights into the signaling network that controls key cellular functions underlying plant growth and acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Wuk Kim
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Chan Ho Park
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Chuan-Chih Hsu
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Woo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Yeong-Woo Ko
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jia-Ying Zhu
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yu-Chun Hsiao
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Tess Branon
- Departments of Genetics, Biology, and Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Krista Kaasik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Evan Saldivar
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kevin Li
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Asher Pasha
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Provart
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Shou-Ling Xu
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Alice Y Ting
- Departments of Genetics, Biology, and Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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21
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Liu D, Zhang X, Li Q, Xiao Y, Zhang G, Yin W, Niu M, Meng W, Dong N, Liu J, Yang Y, Xie Q, Chu C, Tong H. The U-box ubiquitin ligase TUD1 promotes brassinosteroid-induced GSK2 degradation in rice. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100450. [PMID: 36127877 PMCID: PMC10030317 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroid hormones with great potential for use in crop improvement. De-repression is usually one of the key events in hormone signaling. However, how the stability of GSK2, the central negative regulator of BR signaling in rice (Oryza sativa), is regulated by BRs remains elusive. Here, we identify the U-box ubiquitin ligase TUD1 as a GSK2-interacting protein by yeast two-hybrid screening. We show that TUD1 is able to directly interact with GSK2 and ubiquitinate the protein. Phenotypes of the tud1 mutant are highly similar to those of plants with constitutively activated GSK2. Consistent with this finding, GSK2 protein accumulates in the tud1 mutant compared with the wild type. In addition, inhibition of BR synthesis promotes GSK2 accumulation and suppresses TUD1 stability. By contrast, BRs can induce GSK2 degradation but promote TUD1 accumulation. Furthermore, the GSK2 degradation process is largely impaired in tud1 in response to BR. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the role of TUD1 in BR-induced GSK2 degradation, thereby advancing our understanding of a critical step in the BR signaling pathway of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapu Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoxing Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yunhua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenchao Yin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mei Niu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenjing Meng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nana Dong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanzhao Yang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongning Tong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China.
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22
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Zhang G, Liu Y, Xie Q, Tong H, Chu C. Crosstalk between brassinosteroid signaling and variable nutrient environments. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023:10.1007/s11427-022-2319-0. [PMID: 36907968 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR) represents a group of steroid hormones that regulate plant growth and development as well as environmental adaptation. The fluctuation of external nutrient elements is a situation that plants frequently face in the natural environment, in which nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are two of the most critical nutrients restraint of the early growth of plants. As the macronutrients, N and P are highly required by plants, but their availability or solubility in the soil is relatively low. Since iron (Fe) and P always modulate each other's content and function in plants mutually antagonistically, the regulatory mechanisms of Fe and P are inextricably linked. Recently, BR has emerged as a critical regulator in nutrient acquisition and phenotypic plasticity in response to the variable nutrient levels in Arabidopsis and rice. Here, we review the current understanding of the crosstalk between BR and the three major nutrients (N, P, and Fe), highlighting how nutrient signaling regulates BR synthesis and signaling to accommodate plant growth and development in Arabidopsis and rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxia Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qingjun Xie
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hongning Tong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Chengcai Chu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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23
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Song Y, Wang Y, Yu Q, Sun Y, Zhang J, Zhan J, Ren M. Regulatory network of GSK3-like kinases and their role in plant stress response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1123436. [PMID: 36938027 PMCID: PMC10014926 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1123436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) family members are evolutionally conserved Ser/Thr protein kinases in mammals and plants. In plants, the GSK3s function as signaling hubs to integrate the perception and transduction of diverse signals required for plant development. Despite their role in the regulation of plant growth and development, emerging research has shed light on their multilayer function in plant stress responses. Here we review recent advances in the regulatory network of GSK3s and the involvement of GSK3s in plant adaptation to various abiotic and biotic stresses. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying how plants cope with environmental stresses through GSK3s-hormones crosstalk, a pivotal biochemical pathway in plant stress responses. We believe that our overview of the versatile physiological functions of GSK3s and underlined molecular mechanism of GSK3s in plant stress response will not only opens further research on this important topic but also provide opportunities for developing stress-resilient crops through the use of genetic engineering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Song
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yueying Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jianling Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jiasui Zhan
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
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24
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Luo N, Shang D, Tang Z, Mai J, Huang X, Tao LZ, Liu L, Gao C, Qian Y, Xie Q, Li F. Engineered ATG8-binding motif-based selective autophagy to degrade proteins and organelles in planta. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:684-697. [PMID: 36263708 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein-targeting technologies represent essential approaches in biological research. Protein knockdown tools developed recently in mammalian cells by exploiting natural degradation mechanisms allow for precise determination of protein function and discovery of degrader-type drugs. However, no method to directly target endogenous proteins for degradation is currently available in plants. Here, we describe a novel method for targeted protein clearance by engineering an autophagy receptor with a binder to provide target specificity and an ATG8-binding motif (AIM) to link the targets to nascent autophagosomes, thus harnessing the autophagy machinery for degradation. We demonstrate its specificity and broad potentials by degrading various fluorescence-tagged proteins, including cytosolic mCherry, the nucleus-localized bZIP transcription factor TGA5, and the plasma membrane-anchored brassinosteroid receptor BRI1, as well as fluorescence-coated peroxisomes, using a tobacco-based transient expression system. Stable expression of AIM-based autophagy receptors in Arabidopsis further confirms the feasibility of this approach in selective autophagy of endogenous proteins. With its wide substrate scope and its specificity, our concept of engineered AIM-based selective autophagy could provide a convenient and robust research tool for manipulating endogenous proteins in plants and may open an avenue toward degradation of cytoplasmic components other than proteins in plant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Luo
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Dandan Shang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhiwei Tang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jinyan Mai
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Li-Zhen Tao
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Linchuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yangwen Qian
- WIMI Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Qingjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Faqiang Li
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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25
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Mohapatra S, Sirhindi G, Dogra V. Seed priming with brassinolides improves growth and reinforces antioxidative defenses under normal and heat stress conditions in seedlings of Brassica juncea. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13814. [PMID: 36326060 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses pose a major challenge for plant researchers to fulfill increasing food demand. Researchers are trying to generate high-yielding and stress-tolerant or resistant varieties using classical genetics and modern gene-editing tools; however, both approaches have limitations. Chemical treatments emerged as an alternative to improve yield and impart stress resilience. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of phytohormones that regulate various biological processes, including stress management. With foliar spray methods, BR treatments showed promising results but are not economically feasible. We hypothesize that priming of seeds, which requires lesser amounts of BRs, could be equally effective in promoting growth and stress tolerance. Owing to this notion, we analyzed the impact of priming seeds with selected BRs, namely, 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) and 28-homobrassinolide (HBL), in Brassica juncea under normal and heat shock stress conditions. Seeds primed with BRs and grown until seedlings stage at normal conditions (20°C) were subjected to a heat shock (35°C) for a few hours, relating to what plants experience in natural conditions. Heat shock reduced the growth and biomass with an increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species. As anticipated, BRs treatments significantly improved the growth and physiological parameters with an enhanced antioxidant defense under both conditions. Transcriptional analyses revealed that BRs concomitantly induce growth and oxidative stress-responsive gene expression via the canonical BR-signaling pathway. Transfer of unstressed and heat-shock-treated seedlings to field conditions demonstrated the long-term effectivity of BR-priming. Our results showed seed priming with BRs could improve growth and resilience against heat shock; hence, it appears to be a viable strategy to enhance crop yields and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Mohapatra
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | | | - Vivek Dogra
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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26
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Montes C, Wang P, Liao C, Nolan TM, Song G, Clark NM, Elmore JM, Guo H, Bassham DC, Yin Y, Walley JW. Integration of multi-omics data reveals interplay between brassinosteroid and Target of Rapamycin Complex signaling in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:893-910. [PMID: 35892179 PMCID: PMC9804314 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) and Target of Rapamycin Complex (TORC) are two major actors coordinating plant growth and stress responses. Brassinosteroids function through a signaling pathway to extensively regulate gene expression and TORC is known to regulate translation and autophagy. Recent studies have revealed connections between these two pathways, but a system-wide view of their interplay is still missing. We quantified the level of 23 975 transcripts, 11 183 proteins, and 27 887 phosphorylation sites in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and in mutants with altered levels of either BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2) or REGULATORY ASSOCIATED PROTEIN OF TOR 1B (RAPTOR1B), two key players in BR and TORC signaling, respectively. We found that perturbation of BIN2 or RAPTOR1B levels affects a common set of gene-products involved in growth and stress responses. Furthermore, we used the multi-omic data to reconstruct an integrated signaling network. We screened 41 candidate genes identified from the reconstructed network and found that loss of function mutants of many of these proteins led to an altered BR response and/or modulated autophagy activity. Altogether, these results establish a predictive network that defines different layers of molecular interactions between BR- or TORC-regulated growth and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Montes
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - Ching‐Yi Liao
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - Trevor M. Nolan
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
- Department of BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Gaoyuan Song
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - Natalie M. Clark
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - J. Mitch Elmore
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
- USDA‐ARS Cereal Disease LaboratoryUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN55108USA
| | - Hongqing Guo
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - Diane C. Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - Yanhai Yin
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
- Plant Sciences InstituteIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - Justin W. Walley
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
- Plant Sciences InstituteIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
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27
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Chen E, Yang X, Liu R, Zhang M, Zhang M, Zhou F, Li D, Hu H, Li C. GhBEE3-Like gene regulated by brassinosteroids is involved in cotton drought tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1019146. [PMID: 36311136 PMCID: PMC9606830 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1019146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are important phytohormones that play a vital role in plant drought tolerance, but their mechanisms in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are poorly understood. Numerous basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family genes are involved in the responses to both BRs and drought stress. GhBEE3-Like, a bHLH transcription factor, is repressed by both 24-epi-BL (an active BR substance) and PEG8000 (drought simulation) treatments in cotton. Moreover, GhBZR1, a crucial transcription factor in BR signaling pathway, directly binds to the E-box element in GhBEE3-Like promoter region and inhibits its expression, which has been confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and dual luciferase reporter assay. Functional analysis revealed that Arabidopsis with GhBEE3-Like overexpression had drought sensitive phenotype, while GhBEE3-Like knock-down cotton plants obtained by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology were more tolerant to drought stress. Furthermore, the expression levels of three stress-related genes, GhERD10, GhCDPK1 and GhRD26, were significantly higher in GhBEE3-Like knock-down cotton than in control cotton after drought treatment. These results suggest that GhBEE3-Like is inhibited by BRs which elevates the expressions of stress-related genes to enhance plant drought tolerance. This study lays the foundation for understanding the mechanisms of BR-regulated drought tolerance and establishment of drought-resistant cotton lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryong Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaobei Yang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ruie Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengke Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chengwei Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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Glöckner N, zur Oven-Krockhaus S, Rohr L, Wackenhut F, Burmeister M, Wanke F, Holzwart E, Meixner AJ, Wolf S, Harter K. Three-Fluorophore FRET Enables the Analysis of Ternary Protein Association in Living Plant Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11192630. [PMID: 36235497 PMCID: PMC9571070 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interaction studies provide valuable insights into cellular signaling. Brassinosteroid (BR) signaling is initiated by the hormone-binding receptor Brassinosteroid Insensitive 1 (BRI1) and its co-receptor BRI1 Associated Kinase 1 (BAK1). BRI1 and BAK1 were shown to interact independently with the Receptor-Like Protein 44 (RLP44), which is implicated in BRI1/BAK1-dependent cell wall integrity perception. To demonstrate the proposed complex formation of BRI1, BAK1 and RLP44, we established three-fluorophore intensity-based spectral Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and FRET-fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) for living plant cells. Our evidence indicates that RLP44, BRI1 and BAK1 form a ternary complex in a distinct plasma membrane nanodomain. In contrast, although the immune receptor Flagellin Sensing 2 (FLS2) also forms a heteromer with BAK1, the FLS2/BAK1 complexes are localized to other nanodomains. In conclusion, both three-fluorophore FRET approaches provide a feasible basis for studying the in vivo interaction and sub-compartmentalization of proteins in great detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Glöckner
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sven zur Oven-Krockhaus
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Physical & Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leander Rohr
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Wackenhut
- Institute for Physical & Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Burmeister
- Institute for Physical & Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friederike Wanke
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eleonore Holzwart
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alfred J. Meixner
- Institute for Physical & Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Harter
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-7071-2972605
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29
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Lu Q, Houbaert A, Ma Q, Huang J, Sterck L, Zhang C, Benjamins R, Coppens F, Van Breusegem F, Russinova E. Adenosine monophosphate deaminase modulates BIN2 activity through hydrogen peroxide-induced oligomerization. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3844-3859. [PMID: 35876813 PMCID: PMC9520590 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana GSK3-like kinase, BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2) is a key negative regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and a hub for crosstalk with other signaling pathways. However, the mechanisms controlling BIN2 activity are not well understood. Here we performed a forward genetic screen for resistance to the plant-specific GSK3 inhibitor bikinin and discovered that a mutation in the ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE DEAMINASE (AMPD)/EMBRYONIC FACTOR1 (FAC1) gene reduces the sensitivity of Arabidopsis seedlings to both bikinin and BRs. Further analyses revealed that AMPD modulates BIN2 activity by regulating its oligomerization in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-dependent manner. Exogenous H2O2 induced the formation of BIN2 oligomers with a decreased kinase activity and an increased sensitivity to bikinin. By contrast, AMPD activity inhibition reduced the cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the amount of BIN2 oligomers, correlating with the decreased sensitivity of Arabidopsis plants to bikinin and BRs. Furthermore, we showed that BIN2 phosphorylates AMPD to possibly alter its function. Our results uncover the existence of an H2O2 homeostasis-mediated regulation loop between AMPD and BIN2 that fine-tunes the BIN2 kinase activity to control plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Qian Ma
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven Sterck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - René Benjamins
- Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Coppens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Brassinosteroid Signaling Downstream Suppressor BIN2 Interacts with SLFRIGIDA-LIKE to Induce Early Flowering in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911264. [PMID: 36232562 PMCID: PMC9570299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR) signaling is very important in plant developmental processes. Its various components interact to form a signaling cascade. These components are widely studied in Arabidopsis; however, very little information is available on tomatoes. Brassinosteroid Insensitive 2 (BIN2), the downstream suppressor of BR signaling, plays a critical role in BR signal pathway, while FRIGIDA as a key suppressor of Flowering Locus C with overexpression could cause early flowering; however, how the BR signaling regulates FRIGIDA homologous protein to adjust flowering time is still unknown. This study identified 12 FRIGIDA-LIKE proteins with a conserved FRIGIDA domain in tomatoes. Yeast two-hybrid and BiFC confirmed that SlBIN2 interacts with 4 SlFRLs, which are sub-cellularly localized in the nucleus. Tissue-specific expression of SlFRLs was observed highly in young roots and flowers. Biological results revealed that SlFRLs interact with SlBIN2 to regulate early flowering. Further, the mRNA level of SlBIN2 also increased in SlFRL-overexpressed lines. The relative expression of SlCPD increased upon SlFRL silencing, while SlDWF and SlBIN2 were decreased, both of which are important for BR signaling. Our research firstly provides molecular evidence that BRs regulate tomato flowering through the interaction between SlFRLs and SlBIN2. This study will promote the understanding of the specific pathway essential for floral regulation.
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Gong L, Liao S, Duan W, Liu Y, Zhu D, Zhou X, Xue B, Chu C, Liang YK. OsCPL3 is involved in brassinosteroid signaling by regulating OsGSK2 stability. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1560-1574. [PMID: 35665602 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) proteins play key roles in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling during plant growth and development by phosphorylating various substrates. However, how GSK3 protein stability and activity are themselves modulated is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate in vitro and in vivo that C-TERMINAL DOMAIN PHOSPHATASE-LIKE 3 (OsCPL3), a member of the RNA Pol II CTD phosphatase-like family, physically interacts with OsGSK2 in rice (Oryza sativa). OsCPL3 expression was widely detected in various tissues and organs including roots, leaves and lamina joints, and was induced by exogenous BR treatment. OsCPL3 localized to the nucleus, where it dephosphorylated OsGSK2 at the Ser-222 and Thr-284 residues to modulate its protein turnover and kinase activity, in turn affecting the degradation of BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) and BR signaling. Loss of OsCPL3 function resulted in higher OsGSK2 abundance and lower OsBZR1 levels, leading to decreased BR responsiveness and alterations in plant morphology including semi-dwarfism, leaf erectness and grain size, which are of fundamental importance to crop productivity. These results reveal a previously unrecognized role for OsCPL3 and add another layer of complexity to the tightly controlled BR signaling pathway in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shenghao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dongmei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaosheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Baoping Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yun-Kuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Yin W, Li L, Yu Z, Zhang F, Liu D, Wu H, Niu M, Meng W, Zhang X, Dong N, Yang Y, Liu J, Liu Y, Zhang G, Xu J, Wang S, Chu C, Qian Q, Tong H. The divergence of brassinosteroid sensitivity between rice subspecies involves natural variation conferring altered internal auto-binding of OsBSK2. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1614-1630. [PMID: 35766344 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Japonica/geng and indica/xian are two major rice (Oryza sativa) subspecies with multiple divergent traits, but how these traits are related and interact within each subspecies remains elusive. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroid phytohormones that modulate many important agronomic traits in rice. Here, using different physiological assays, we revealed that japonica rice exhibits an overall lower BR sensitivity than indica. Extensive screening of BR signaling genes led to the identification of a set of genes distributed throughout the primary BR signaling pathway with divergent polymorphisms. Among these, we demonstrate that the C38/T variant in BR Signaling Kinase2 (OsBSK2), causing the amino acid change P13L, plays a central role in mediating differential BR signaling in japonica and indica rice. OsBSK2L13 in indica plays a greater role in BR signaling than OsBSK2P13 in japonica by affecting the auto-binding and protein accumulation of OsBSK2. Finally, we determined that OsBSK2 is involved in a number of divergent traits in japonica relative to indica rice, including grain shape, tiller number, cold adaptation, and nitrogen-use efficiency. Our study suggests that the natural variation in OsBSK2 plays a key role in the divergence of BR signaling, which underlies multiple divergent traits between japonica and indica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Yin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lulu Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhikun Yu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Rice Research Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dapu Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Mei Niu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenjing Meng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoxing Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Nana Dong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanzhao Yang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianlong Xu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shimei Wang
- Rice Research Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qian Qian
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongning Tong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Li C, Chen B, Yu H. Splicing-mediated activation of SHAGGY-like kinases underpinning carbon partitioning in Arabidopsis seeds. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2730-2746. [PMID: 35435232 PMCID: PMC9252489 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) family members serve as signaling hubs for plant development and stress responses, yet the underlying mechanism of their transcriptional regulation remains a long-standing mystery. Here we show that the transcription of SHAGGY-like kinase 11/12 (SK11/12), two members of the GSK3 gene family, is promoted by the splicing factor SmD1b, which is essential for distributing carbon sources into storage and protective components in Arabidopsis seeds. The chromatin recruitment of SmD1b at the SK11/12 loci promotes their transcription associated with co-transcriptional splicing of the first introns in the 5'-untranslated region of SK11/12. The loss of SmD1b function generates transcripts with unspliced introns that create disruptive R-loops to hamper the transcriptional elongation of SK11/12, in addition to compromising the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to the SK11/12 genomic regions. These effects imposed by SmD1b determine the transcription of SK11/12 to confer a key switch of carbon flow among metabolic pathways in zygotic and maternal tissues in seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Bin Chen
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Hao Yu
- Author for correspondence:
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Kim YW, Youn JH, Roh J, Kim JM, Kim SK, Kim TW. Brassinosteroids enhance salicylic acid-mediated immune responses by inhibiting BIN2 phosphorylation of clade I TGA transcription factors in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:991-1007. [PMID: 35524409 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in plant immune response, including resistance to pathogens and systemic acquired resistance. Two major components, NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES (NPRs) and TGACG motif-binding transcription factors (TGAs), are known to mediate SA signaling, which might also be orchestrated by other hormonal and environmental changes. Nevertheless, the molecular and functional interactions between SA signaling components and other cellular signaling pathways remain poorly understood. Here we showed that the steroid plant hormone brassinosteroid (BR) promotes SA responses by inactivating BR-INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2), which inhibits the redox-sensitive clade I TGAs in Arabidopsis. We found that both BR and the BIN2 inhibitor bikinin synergistically increase SA-mediated physiological responses, such as resistance to Pst DC3000. Our genetic and biochemical analyses indicated that BIN2 functionally interacts with TGA1 and TGA4, but not with other TGAs. We further demonstrated that BIN2 phosphorylates Ser-202 of TGA4, resulting in the suppression of the redox-dependent interaction between TGA4 and NPR1 as well as destabilization of TGA4. Consistently, transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing TGA4-YFP with a S202A mutation displayed enhanced SA responses compared to the wild-type TGA4-YFP plants. Taken together, these results suggest a novel crosstalk mechanism by which BR signaling coordinates the SA responses mediated by redox-sensitive clade I TGAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Woo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Youn
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehee Roh
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Mok Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ki Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Wuk Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Miao R, Russinova E, Rodriguez PL. Tripartite hormonal regulation of plasma membrane H +-ATPase activity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:588-600. [PMID: 35034860 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme activity of the plasma membrane (PM) proton pump, well known as arabidopsis PM H+-ATPase (AHA) in the model plant arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), is controlled by phosphorylation. Three different classes of phytohormones, brassinosteroids (BRs), abscisic acid (ABA), and auxin regulate plant growth and responses to environmental stimuli, at least in part by modulating the activity of the pump through phosphorylation of the penultimate Thr residue in its carboxyl terminus. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding this tripartite hormonal AHA regulation and highlight mechanisms of activation and deactivation, as well as the significance of hormonal crosstalk. Understanding the complexity of PM H+-ATPase regulation in plants might provide new strategies for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Miao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Eugenia Russinova
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pedro L Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, ES-46022, Valencia, Spain.
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Zhao J, Yang G, Jiang L, Zhang S, Miao L, Xu P, Chen H, Chen L, Mao Z, Guo T, Kou S, Yang HQ, Wang W. Phytochromes A and B Mediate Light Stabilization of BIN2 to Regulate Brassinosteroid Signaling and Photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:865019. [PMID: 35432407 PMCID: PMC9005995 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.865019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytochromes A and B (phyA and phyB) are the far-red and red lights photoreceptors mediating many light responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Brassinosteroid (BR) is a pivotal phytohormone regulating a variety of plant developmental processes including photomorphogenesis. It is known that phyB interacts with BES1 to inhibit its DNA-binding activity and repress BR signaling. Here, we show that far-red and red lights modulate BR signaling through phyA and phyB regulation of the stability of BIN2, a glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-like kinase that phosphorylates BES1/BZR1 to inhibit BR signaling. The BIN2 gain-of-function mutant bin2-1 displays an enhanced photomorphogenic phenotype in both far-red and red lights. phyA-enhanced accumulation of BIN2 promotes the phosphorylation of BES1 in far-red light. BIN2 acts genetically downstream from PHYA to regulate photomorphogenesis under far-red light. Both phyA and phyB interact directly with BIN2, which may promote the interaction of BIN2 with BES1 and induce the phosphorylation of BES1. Our results suggest that far-red and red lights inhibit BR signaling through phyA and phyB stabilization of BIN2 and promotion of BES1 phosphorylation, which defines a new layer of the regulatory mechanism that allows plants to coordinate light and BR signaling pathways to optimize photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangqiong Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shilong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Langxi Miao
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiru Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilei Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tongtong Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Kou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Quan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang C, Lauster T, Tang W, Houbaert A, Zhu S, Eeckhout D, De Smet I, De Jaeger G, Jacobs TB, Xu T, Müller S, Russinova E. ROPGAP-dependent interaction between brassinosteroid and ROP2-GTPase signaling controls pavement cell shape in Arabidopsis. Curr Biol 2022; 32:518-531.e6. [PMID: 35085499 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal pavement cell shape in Arabidopsis is driven by chemical and mechanical cues that direct partitioning mechanisms required for the establishment of the lobe- and indentation-defining polar sites. Brassinosteroid (BR) hormones regulate pavement cell morphogenesis, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we identified two PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY GTPase-ACTIVATING proteins (PHGAPs) as substrates of the GSK3-like kinase BR-INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2). The phgap1phgap2 mutant displayed severe epidermal cell shape phenotypes, and the PHGAPs were markedly enriched in the anticlinal face of the pavement cell indenting regions. BIN2 phosphorylation of PHGAPs was required for their stability and polarization. BIN2 inhibition activated ROP2-GTPase signaling specifically in the lobes because of PHGAP degradation, while the PHGAPs restrained ROP2 activity in the indentations. Hence, we connect BR and ROP2-GTPase signaling pathways via the regulation of PHGAPs and put forward the importance of spatiotemporal control of BR signaling for pavement cell interdigitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Theresa Lauster
- Developmental Genetics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wenxin Tang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Centre for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
| | - Anaxi Houbaert
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shanshuo Zhu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Eeckhout
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas B Jacobs
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tongda Xu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Centre for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
| | - Sabine Müller
- Developmental Genetics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eugenia Russinova
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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Ren H, Wu X, Zhao W, Wang Y, Sun D, Gao K, Tang W. Heat Shock-Induced Accumulation of the Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3-Like Kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 2 Promotes Early Flowering but Reduces Thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:838062. [PMID: 35154235 PMCID: PMC8828572 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.838062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential plant growth- and development-regulating phytohormones. When applied exogenously, BRs ameliorate heat shock (HS)-induced cell damage and enhance plant thermotolerance; however, the molecular mechanism by which BRs regulate plant thermotolerance is unknown. In this study, by analyzing the thermotolerance of a series of BR signaling mutants and plants that overexpressed different BR signaling components, we obtained comprehensive data showing that BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2) plays a major role in mediating the crosstalk between BR signaling and plant HS responses. By RNA-Seq, 608 HS- and BIN2-regulated genes were identified. An analysis of the 1-kb promoter sequences of these genes showed enrichment of an abscisic acid (ABA) INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5)-binding cis-element. Physiological studies showed that thermotolerance was reduced in bin2-1 mutant and ABI5-OX plants but increased in the abi5 mutant, and that the abi5 mutation could recover the thermotolerance of bin2-1 plants to a wild-type level, suggesting that ABI5 functions downstream of BIN2 in regulating plant thermotolerance. Further, HS treatment increased the cellular abundance of BIN2. Both bin2-1 mutant and BIN2-OX plants showed early flowering, while the BIN2 loss-of-function mutant bin2-3 bil1 bil2 flowered late. Given these findings, we propose that under HS conditions plants increase BIN2 activity to promote early flowering and ensure species survival; however, this reduces the thermotolerance and survivability of individual plants partially by activating ABI5.
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Zolkiewicz K, Gruszka D. Glycogen synthase kinases in model and crop plants - From negative regulators of brassinosteroid signaling to multifaceted hubs of various signaling pathways and modulators of plant reproduction and yield. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:939487. [PMID: 35909730 PMCID: PMC9335153 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.939487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinases, also known as SHAGGY-like Kinases (GSKs/SKs), are highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinases present both in animals and plants. Plant genomes contain multiple homologs of the GSK3 genes which participate in various biological processes. Plant GSKs/SKs, and their best known representative in Arabidopsis thaliana - Brassinosteroid Insentisive2 (BIN2/SK21) in particular, were first identified as components of the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway. As phytohormones, BRs regulate a wide range of physiological processes in plants - from germination, cell division, elongation and differentiation to leaf senescence, and response to environmental stresses. The GSKs/SKs proteins belong to a group of several highly conserved components of the BR signaling which evolved early during evolution of this molecular relay. However, recent reports indicated that the GSKs/SKs proteins are also implicated in signaling pathways of other phytohormones and stress-response processes. As a consequence, the GSKs/SKs proteins became hubs of various signaling pathways and modulators of plant development and reproduction. Thus, it is very important to understand molecular mechanisms regulating activity of the GSKs/SKs proteins, but also to get insights into role of the GSKs/SKs proteins in modulation of stability and activity of various substrate proteins which participate in the numerous signaling pathways. Although elucidation of these aspects is still in progress, this review presents a comprehensive and detailed description of these processes and their implications for regulation of development, stress response, and reproduction of model and crop species. The GSKs/SKs proteins and their activity are modulated through phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation reactions which are regulated by various proteins. Importantly, both phosphorylations and de-phosphorylations may have positive and negative effects on the activity of the GSKs/SKs proteins. Additionally, the activity of the GSKs/SKs proteins is positively regulated by reactive oxygen species, whereas it is negatively regulated through ubiquitylation, deacetylation, and nitric oxide-mediated nitrosylation. On the other hand, the GSKs/SKs proteins interact with proteins representing various signaling pathways, and on the basis of the complicated network of interactions the GSKs/SKs proteins differentially regulate various physiological, developmental, stress response, and yield-related processes.
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Li Y, Xue S, He Q, Wang J, Zhu L, Zou J, Zhang J, Zuo C, Fan Z, Yue J, Zhang C, Yang K, Le J. Arabidopsis F-BOX STRESS INDUCED 4 is required to repress excessive divisions in stomatal development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:56-72. [PMID: 34817930 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During the terminal stage of stomatal development, the R2R3-MYB transcription factors FOUR LIPS (FLP/MYB124) and MYB88 limit guard mother cell division by repressing the transcript levels of multiple cell-cycle genes. In Arabidopsis thaliana possessing the weak allele flp-1, an extra guard mother cell division results in two stomata having direct contact. Here, we identified an ethylmethane sulfonate-mutagenized mutant, flp-1 xs01c, which exhibited more severe defects than flp-1 alone, producing giant tumor-like cell clusters. XS01C, encoding F-BOX STRESS-INDUCED 4 (FBS4), is preferentially expressed in epidermal stomatal precursor cells. Overexpressing FBS4 rescued the defective stomatal phenotypes of flp-1 xs01c and flp-1 mutants. The deletion or substitution of a conserved residue (Proline166) within the F-box domain of FBS4 abolished or reduced, respectively, its interaction with Arabidopsis Skp1-Like1 (ASK1), the core subunit of the Skp1/Cullin/F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Furthermore, the FBS4 protein physically interacted with CYCA2;3 and induced its degradation through the ubiquitin-26S proteasome pathway. Thus, in addition to the known transcriptional pathway, the terminal symmetric division in stomatal development is ensured at the post-translational level, such as through the ubiquitination of target proteins recognized by the stomatal lineage F-box protein FBS4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- The Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Qixiumei He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junxue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Wenbo School, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junjie Zou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chaoran Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhibin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junling Yue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Kezhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Li C, Zhang B, Yu H. GSK3s: nodes of multilayer regulation of plant development and stress responses. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:1286-1300. [PMID: 34417080 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) family members are highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinases in eukaryotes. Unlike animals, plants have evolved with multiple homologs of GSK3s involved in a diverse array of biological processes. Emerging evidence suggests that GSK3s act as signaling hubs for integrating perception and transduction of diverse signals required for plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic cues. Here we review recent advances in understanding the molecular interactions between GSK3s and an expanding spectrum of their upstream regulators and downstream substrates in plants. We further discuss how GSK3s act as key signaling nodes of multilayer regulation of plant development and stress response through either being regulated at the post-translational level or regulating their substrates via phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore.
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Lin F, Cao J, Yuan J, Liang Y, Li J. Integration of Light and Brassinosteroid Signaling during Seedling Establishment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12971. [PMID: 34884771 PMCID: PMC8657978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Light and brassinosteroid (BR) are external stimuli and internal cue respectively, that both play critical roles in a wide range of developmental and physiological process. Seedlings grown in the light exhibit photomorphogenesis, while BR promotes seedling etiolation. Light and BR oppositely control the development switch from shotomorphogenesis in the dark to photomorphogenesis in the light. Recent progress report that substantial components have been identified as hubs to integrate light and BR signals. Photomorphogenic repressors including COP1, PIFs, and AGB1 have been reported to elevate BR response, while photomorphogenesis-promoting factors such as HY5, BZS1, and NF-YCs have been proven to repress BR signal. In addition, BR components also modulate light signal. Here, we review the current research on signaling network associated with light and brassinosteroids, with a focus on the integration of light and BR signals enabling plants to thrive in the changeable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.C.); (J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
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Conway SJ, Walcher-Chevillet CL, Salome Barbour K, Kramer EM. Brassinosteroids regulate petal spur length in Aquilegia by controlling cell elongation. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:931-942. [PMID: 34508638 PMCID: PMC8577200 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Aquilegia produce elongated, three-dimensional petal spurs that fill with nectar to attract pollinators. Previous studies have shown that the diversity of spur length across the Aquilegia genus is a key innovation that is tightly linked with its recent and rapid diversification into new ranges, and that evolution of increased spur lengths is achieved via anisotropic cell elongation. Previous work identified a brassinosteroid response transcription factor as being enriched in the early developing spur cup. Brassinosteroids are known to be important for cell elongation, suggesting that brassinosteroid-mediated response may be an important regulator of spur elongation and potentially a driver of spur length diversity in Aquilegia. In this study, we investigated the role of brassinosteroids in the development of the Aquilegia coerulea petal spur. METHODS We exogenously applied the biologically active brassinosteroid brassinolide to developing petal spurs to investigate spur growth under high hormone conditions. We used virus-induced gene silencing and gene expression experiments to understand the function of brassinosteroid-related transcription factors in A. coerulea petal spurs. KEY RESULTS We identified a total of three Aquilegia homologues of the BES1/BZR1 protein family and found that these genes are ubiquitously expressed in all floral tissues during development, yet, consistent with the previous RNAseq study, we found that two of these paralogues are enriched in early developing petals. Exogenously applied brassinosteroid increased petal spur length due to increased anisotropic cell elongation as well as cell division. We found that targeting of the AqBEH genes with virus-induced gene silencing resulted in shortened petals, a phenotype caused in part by a loss of cell anisotropy. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results support a role for brassinosteroids in anisotropic cell expansion in Aquilegia petal spurs and highlight the brassinosteroid pathway as a potential player in the diversification of petal spur length in Aquilegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Conway
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Cristina L Walcher-Chevillet
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- 10x Genomics Inc., 6230 Stoneridge Mall Road, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Kate Salome Barbour
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elena M Kramer
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Wang L, Yu P, Lyu J, Hu Y, Han C, Bai MY, Fan M. BZR1 Physically Interacts with SPL9 to Regulate the Vegetative Phase Change and Cell Elongation in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910415. [PMID: 34638756 PMCID: PMC8509050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As sessile organisms, the precise development phase transitions are very important for the success of plant adaptability, survival and reproduction. The transition from juvenile to the adult phase—referred to as the vegetative phase change—is significantly influenced by numbers of endogenous and environmental signals. Here, we showed that brassinosteroid (BR), a major growth-promoting steroid hormone, positively regulates the vegetative phase change in Arabidopsis thaliana. The BR-deficient mutant det2-1 and BR-insensitive mutant bri1-301 displayed the increased ratio of leaf width to length and reduced blade base angle. The plant specific transcription factors SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) are key masters for the vegetative phase transition in plants. The expression levels of SPL9, SPL10 and SPL15 were significantly induced by BR treatment, but reduced in bri1-116 mutant compared to wild-type plants. The gain-of-function pSPL9:rSPL9 transgenic plants displayed the BR hypersensitivity on hypocotyl elongation and partially suppressed the delayed vegetative phase change of det2-1 and bri1-301. Furthermore, we showed that BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1), the master transcription factor of BR signaling pathway, interacted with SPL9 to cooperatively regulate the expression of downstream genes. Our findings reveal an important role for BRs in promoting vegetative phase transition through regulating the activity of SPL9 at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.
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Ogasawara M, Miyazaki N, Monden G, Taniko K, Lim S, Iwata M, Ishii T, Ma JF, Ishikawa R. Role of qGZn9a in controlling grain zinc concentration in rice, Oryza sativa L. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:3013-3022. [PMID: 34110432 PMCID: PMC8190762 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A candidate gene responsible for higher grain zinc accumulation in rice was identified, which was probably associated with a partial defect in anther dehiscence. Zinc (Zn) is an essential mineral element in many organisms. Zn deficiency in humans causes various health problems; therefore, an adequate dietary Zn intake is required daily. Rice, Oryza sativa, is one of the main crops cultivated in Asian countries, and one of the breeding scopes of rice is to increase the grain Zn levels. Previously, we found that an Australian wild rice strain, O. meridionalis W1627, exhibits higher grain Zn levels than cultivated rice, O. sativa Nipponbare, and identified responsible genomic loci. An increase in grain Zn levels caused by one of the loci, qGZn9a, is associated with fertility reduction, but how this negative effect on grain productivity is regulated remains unknown. In this study, we artificially trimmed spikelets on the flowering day and found that a reduction in number of seeds was associated with an increase in the grain Zn levels. We also found that a partial defect in anther dehiscence correlated with the increase in grain Zn levels in plants carrying the W1627 chromosomal segment at qGZn9a in a Nipponbare genetic background. Among eight candidate genes in the qGZn9a region, three were absent from the corresponding region of W1627; one of these, Os09g0384900, encoding a DUF295 protein with an unknown function, was found to be specifically expressed in the developing anther, thereby suggesting that the gene may be involved in the regulation of anther dehiscence. As fertility and grain Zn levels are essential agronomic traits in rice, our results highlight the importance of balancing these two traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Ogasawara
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Naoya Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Gotaro Monden
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kenta Taniko
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Sathya Lim
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masahide Iwata
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takashige Ishii
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
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Zhang W, Tang Y, Hu Y, Yang Y, Cai J, Liu H, Zhang C, Liu X, Hou X. Arabidopsis NF-YCs play dual roles in repressing brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signaling during light-regulated hypocotyl elongation. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2360-2374. [PMID: 33871651 PMCID: PMC8364247 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Light functions as the primary environmental stimulus and brassinosteroids (BRs) as important endogenous growth regulators throughout the plant lifecycle. Photomorphogenesis involves a series of vital developmental processes that require the suppression of BR-mediated seedling growth, but the mechanism underlying the light-controlled regulation of the BR pathway remains unclear. Here, we reveal that nuclear factor YC proteins (NF-YCs) function as essential repressors of the BR pathway during light-controlled hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. In the light, NF-YCs inhibit BR biosynthesis by directly targeting the promoter of the BR biosynthesis gene BR6ox2 and repressing its transcription. NF-YCs also interact with BIN2, a critical repressor of BR signaling, and facilitate its stabilization by promoting its Tyr200 autophosphorylation, thus inhibiting the BR signaling pathway. Consistently, loss-of-function mutants of NF-YCs show etiolated growth and constitutive BR responses, even in the light. Our findings uncover a dual role of NF-YCs in repressing BR biosynthesis and signaling, providing mechanistic insights into how light antagonizes the BR pathway to ensure photomorphogenic growth in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilong Hu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Cai
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hailun Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingliang Hou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Author for correspondence:
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Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and turnover mechanisms of BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2101838118. [PMID: 34385302 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101838118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of signaling components, especially transcription factors, is a key step of signal transduction in response to extracellular stimuli. In the brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction pathway, transcription factors from the BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 (BZR1) family are essential in mediating BR-regulated gene expression. The subcellular localization and transcriptional activity of BZR1 are tightly regulated by reversible protein phosphorylation; however, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Here, we provide evidence that both BZR1 phosphorylation and dephosphorylation occur in the nucleus and that BR-regulated nuclear localization of BZR1 is independent from its interaction with, or dephosphorylation by, protein phosphatase 2A. Using a photoconvertible fluorescent protein, Kaede, as a living tag to distinguish newly synthesized BZR1 from existing BZR1, we demonstrated that BR treatment recruits cytosolic BZR1 to the nucleus, which could explain the fast responses of plants to BR. Additionally, we obtained evidence for two types of protein turnover mechanisms that regulate BZR1 abundance in plant cells: a BR- and 26S proteosome-independent constitutive degradation mechanism and a BR-activated 26S proteosome-dependent proteolytic mechanism. Finally, treating plant cells with inhibitors of 26S proteosome induces the nuclear localization and dephosphorylation of BZR1, even in the absence of BR signaling. Based on these results, we propose a model to explain how BR signaling regulates the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and reversible phosphorylation of BZR1.
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Liu B, Jiang Y, Tang H, Tong S, Lou S, Shao C, Zhang J, Song Y, Chen N, Bi H, Zhang H, Li J, Liu J, Liu H. The ubiquitin E3 ligase SR1 modulates the submergence response by degrading phosphorylated WRKY33 in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:1771-1789. [PMID: 33616649 PMCID: PMC8254483 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen deprivation caused by flooding activates acclimation responses to stress and restricts plant growth. After experiencing flooding stress, plants must restore normal growth; however, which genes are dynamically and precisely controlled by flooding stress remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana ubiquitin E3 ligase SUBMERGENCE RESISTANT1 (SR1) regulates the stability of the transcription factor WRKY33 to modulate the submergence response. SR1 physically interacts with WRKY33 in vivo and in vitro and controls its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Both the sr1 mutant and WRKY33 overexpressors exhibited enhanced submergence tolerance and enhanced expression of hypoxia-responsive genes. Genetic experiments showed that WRKY33 functions downstream of SR1 during the submergence response. Submergence induced the phosphorylation of WRKY33, which enhanced the activation of RAP2.2, a positive regulator of hypoxia-response genes. Phosphorylated WRKY33 and RAP2.2 were degraded by SR1 and the N-degron pathway during reoxygenation, respectively. Taken together, our findings reveal that the on-and-off module SR1-WRKY33-RAP2.2 is connected to the well-known N-degron pathway to regulate acclimation to submergence in Arabidopsis. These two different but related modulation cascades precisely balance submergence acclimation with normal plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuanzhong Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hu Tang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shaofei Tong
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shangling Lou
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Junlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yan Song
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ningning Chen
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hao Bi
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Junhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Author for correspondence:
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Li Y, Yapa MM, Hua Z. A Machine Learning Approach to Prioritizing Functionally Active F-box Members in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:639253. [PMID: 34122469 PMCID: PMC8192846 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.639253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein degradation through the Ubiquitin (Ub)-26S Proteasome System (UPS) is a major gene expression regulatory pathway in plants. In this pathway, the 76-amino acid Ub proteins are covalently linked onto a large array of UPS substrates with the help of three enzymes (E1 activating, E2 conjugating, and E3 ligating enzymes) and direct them for turnover in the 26S proteasome complex. The S-phase Kinase-associated Protein 1 (Skp1), CUL1, F-box (FBX) protein (SCF) complexes have been identified as the largest E3 ligase group in plants due to the dramatic number expansion of the FBX genes in plant genomes. Since it is the FBX proteins that recognize and determine the specificity of SCF substrates, much effort has been done to characterize their genomic, physiological, and biochemical roles in the past two decades of functional genomic studies. However, the sheer size and high sequence diversity of the FBX gene family demands new approaches to uncover unknown functions. In this work, we first identified 82 known FBX members that have been functionally characterized up to date in Arabidopsis thaliana. Through comparing the genomic structure, evolutionary selection, expression patterns, domain compositions, and functional activities between known and unknown FBX gene members, we developed a neural network machine learning approach to predict whether an unknown FBX member is likely functionally active in Arabidopsis, thereby facilitating its future functional characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Madhura M. Yapa
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Zhihua Hua
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
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Zhang Z, Sun Y, Jiang X, Wang W, Wang ZY. Sugar inhibits brassinosteroid signaling by enhancing BIN2 phosphorylation of BZR1. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009540. [PMID: 33989283 PMCID: PMC8153450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar, light, and hormones are major signals regulating plant growth and development, however, the interactions among these signals are not fully understood at the molecular level. Recent studies showed that sugar promotes hypocotyl elongation by activating the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway after shifting Arabidopsis seedlings from light to extended darkness. Here, we show that sugar inhibits BR signaling in Arabidopsis seedlings grown under light. BR induction of hypocotyl elongation in seedlings grown under light is inhibited by increasing concentration of sucrose. The sugar inhibition of BR response is correlated with decreased effect of BR on the dephosphorylation of BZR1, the master transcription factor of the BR signaling pathway. This sugar effect is independent of the sugar sensors Hexokinase 1 (HXK1) and Target of Rapamycin (TOR), but requires the GSK3-like kinase Brassinosteroid-Insensitive 2 (BIN2), which is stabilized by sugar. Our study uncovers an inhibitory effect of sugar on BR signaling in plants grown under light, in contrast to its promotive effect in the dark. Such light-dependent sugar-BR crosstalk apparently contributes to optimal growth responses to photosynthate availability according to light-dark conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ying Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenfei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (ZW)
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WW); (ZW)
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