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Li Z, Li Z, Ji Y, Wang C, Wang S, Shi Y, Le J, Zhang M. The Heat shock factor 20-HSF4-Cellulose synthase A2 module regulates heat stress tolerance in maize. Plant Cell 2024:koae106. [PMID: 38573521 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Temperature shapes the geographical distribution and behavior of plants. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying the plant heat response is important for developing climate-resilient crops, including maize (Zea mays). To identify transcription factors that may contribute to the maize heat response, we generated a dataset of short- and long-term transcriptome changes following a heat treatment time course in the inbred line B73. Co-expression network analysis highlighted several transcription factors, including the class B2a heat shock factor (HSF) ZmHSF20. Zmhsf20 mutant seedlings exhibited enhanced tolerance to heat stress. Furthermore, DNA affinity purification sequencing and Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag) assays demonstrated that ZmHSF20 binds to the promoters of Cellulose synthase A2 (ZmCesA2) and three class A Hsf genes, including ZmHsf4, repressing their transcription. We showed that ZmCesA2 and ZmHSF4 promote the heat response, with ZmHSF4 directly activating ZmCesA2 transcription. In agreement with the transcriptome analysis, ZmHSF20 inhibited cellulose accumulation and repressed the expression of cell wall-related genes. Importantly, the Zmhsf20 Zmhsf4 double mutant exhibited decreased thermotolerance, placing ZmHsf4 downstream of ZmHsf20. We proposed an expanded model of the heat stress response in maize, whereby ZmHSF20 lowers seedling heat tolerance by repressing ZmHsf4 and ZmCesA2, thus balancing seedling growth and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zerui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yulong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yiting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Rojas-Marte G, Khalid M, Mukhtar O, Hashmi AT, Waheed MA, Ehrlich S, Aslam A, Siddiqui S, Agarwal C, Malyshev Y, Henriquez-Felipe C, Sharma D, Sharma S, Chukwuka N, Rodriguez DC, Alliu S, Le J, Shani J. Corrigendum to: Outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 disease treated with tocilizumab: a case-controlled study. QJM 2023; 116:733. [PMID: 33447849 PMCID: PMC8108631 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Rojas-Marte
- From the Department of Cardiology, Maimonides
Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Staten Island University
Hospital-Northwell Health, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, NY
10305, USA
| | - M Khalid
- From the Department of Cardiology, Maimonides
Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - O Mukhtar
- Department of Pulmonology, Interfaith Medical
Center, 1545 Atlantic Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11213, USA and
| | - A T Hashmi
- From the Department of Cardiology, Maimonides
Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - M A Waheed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical
Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - S Ehrlich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical
Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - A Aslam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical
Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - S Siddiqui
- From the Department of Cardiology, Maimonides
Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - C Agarwal
- From the Department of Cardiology, Maimonides
Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - Y Malyshev
- From the Department of Cardiology, Maimonides
Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - C Henriquez-Felipe
- From the Department of Cardiology, Maimonides
Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - D Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical
Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical
Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - N Chukwuka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical
Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - D C Rodriguez
- From the Department of Cardiology, Maimonides
Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - S Alliu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Maimonides
Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - J Le
- From the Department of Cardiology, Maimonides
Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - J Shani
- From the Department of Cardiology, Maimonides
Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
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3
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Yang Y, Liu F, Liu L, Zhu M, Yuan J, Mai YX, Zou JJ, Le J, Wang Y, Palme K, Li X, Wang Y, Wang L. The unconventional prefoldin RPB5 interactor mediates the gravitropic response by modulating cytoskeleton organization and auxin transport in Arabidopsis. J Integr Plant Biol 2022; 64:1916-1934. [PMID: 35943836 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gravity-induced root curvature involves the asymmetric distribution of the phytohormone auxin. This response depends on the concerted activities of the auxin transporters such as PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins for auxin efflux and AUXIN RESISTANT 1 (AUX1) for auxin influx. However, how the auxin gradient is established remains elusive. Here we identified a new mutant with a short root, strong auxin distribution in the lateral root cap and an impaired gravitropic response. The causal gene encoded an Arabidopsis homolog of the human unconventional prefoldin RPB5 interactor (URI). AtURI interacted with prefoldin 2 (PFD2) and PFD6, two β-type PFD members that modulate actin and tubulin patterning in roots. The auxin reporter DR5rev :GFP showed that asymmetric auxin redistribution after gravistimulation is disordered in aturi-1 root tips. Treatment with the endomembrane protein trafficking inhibitor brefeldin A indicated that recycling of the auxin transporter PIN2 is disrupted in aturi-1 roots as well as in pfd mutants. We propose that AtURI cooperates with PFDs to recycle PIN2 and modulate auxin distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
| | - Le Liu
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
| | - Mingyue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Jinfeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yan-Xia Mai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Klaus Palme
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
| | - Xugang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Long Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200032, China
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4
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Leng YJ, Yao YS, Yang KZ, Wu PX, Xia YX, Zuo CR, Luo JH, Wang P, Liu YY, Zhang XQ, Ye D, Le J, Chen LQ. Arabidopsis ERdj3B coordinates with ERECTA-family receptor kinases to regulate ovule development and the heat stress response. Plant Cell 2022; 34:3665-3684. [PMID: 35897146 PMCID: PMC9516030 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum-localized DnaJ family 3B (ERdj3B), is a component of the stromal cell-derived factor 2 (SDF2)-ERdj3B-binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) chaperone complex, which functions in protein folding, translocation, and quality control. We found that ERdj3B mutations affected integument development in the Ler ecotype but not in the Col-0 ecotype of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Map-based cloning identified the ERECTA (ER) gene as a natural modifier of ERdj3B. The double mutation of ERdj3B and ER caused a major defect in the inner integument under heat stress. Additional mutation of the ER paralog ERECTA-LIKE 1 (ERL1) or ERL2 to the erdj3b er double mutant exacerbated the defective integument phenotype. The double mutation of ER and SDF2, the other component of the SDF2-ERdj3B-BiP complex, resulted in similar defects in the inner integument. Furthermore, both the protein abundance and plasma membrane partitioning of ER, ERL1, and ERL2 were markedly reduced in erdj3b plants, indicating that the SDF2-ERdj3B-BiP chaperone complex might control the translocation of ERECTA-family proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. Our results suggest that the SDF2-ERdj3B-BiP complex functions in ovule development and the heat stress response in coordination with ERECTA-family receptor kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pei-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu-Xin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao-Ran Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing-Hong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - De Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Zhang C, Zhang J, Liu H, Qu X, Wang J, He Q, Zou J, Yang K, Le J. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the role of FOUR LIPS in response to salt stress in rice. Plant Mol Biol 2022; 110:37-52. [PMID: 35583702 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An R2R3-MYB transcription factor FOUR LIPS associated with B-type Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1;1 confers salt tolerance in rice. The Arabidopsis FOUR LIPS (AtFLP), an R2R3 MYB transcription factor, acts as an important stomatal development regulator. Only one orthologue protein of AtFLP, Oryza sativa FLP (OsFLP), was identified in rice. However, the function of OsFLP is largely unknown. In this study, we conducted RNA-seq and ChIP-seq to investigate the potential role of OsFLP in rice. Our results reveal that OsFLP is probably a multiple functional regulator involved in many biological processes in growth development and stress responses in rice. However, we mainly focus on the role of OsFLP in salt stress response. Consistently, phenotypic analysis under salt stress conditions showed that osflp exhibited significant sensitivity to salt stress, while OsFLP over-expression lines displayed obvious salt tolerance. Additionally, Yeast one-hybrid assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that OsFLP directly bound to the promoter region of Oryza sativa B-type Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1;1 (OsCDKB1;1), and the expression of OsCDKB1;1 was repressed in osflp. Disturbing the expression of OsCDKB1;1 remarkably enhanced the tolerance to salt stress. Taken together, our findings reveal a crucial function of OsFLP regulating OsCDKB1;1 in salt tolerance and largely extend the knowledge about the role of OsFLP in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huichao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junxue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Wenbo School, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Qixiumei He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junjie Zou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kezhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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6
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Yang KZ, Zuo CR, Leng YJ, Yue JL, Liu HC, Fan ZB, Xue XY, Dong J, Chen LQ, Le J. The functional specificity of ERECTA-family receptors in Arabidopsis stomatal development is ensured by molecular chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum. Development 2022; 149:dev200892. [PMID: 36052695 PMCID: PMC10655955 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stomata are epidermal pores that control gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere. In Arabidopsis, the ERECTA family (ERECTAf) receptors, including ERECTA, ERECTA-LIKE 1 (ERL1) and ERL2, redundantly play pivotal roles in enforcing the 'one-cell-spacing' rule. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the functional specificities of receptors are likely associated with their differential subcellular dynamics. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperone complex SDF2-ERdj3B-BiP functions in many aspects of plant development. We employed pharmacological treatments combined with cell biological and biochemical approaches to demonstrate that the abundance of ERECTA was reduced in the erdj3b-1 mutant, but the localization and dynamics of ERECTA were not noticeably affected. By contrast, the erdj3b mutation caused the retention of ERL1/ERL2 in the ER. Furthermore, we found that the function of SDF2-ERdj3B-BiP is implicated with the distinct roles of ERECTAf receptors. Our findings establish that the ERECTAf receptor-mediated signaling in stomatal development is ensured by the activities of the ER quality control system, which preferentially maintains the protein abundance of ERECTA and proper subcellular dynamics of ERL1/ERL2, prior to the receptors reaching their destination - the plasma membrane - to execute their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chao-Ran Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ya-Jun Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun-Ling Yue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui-Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue-Yi Xue
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Juan Dong
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Li-Qun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Zhu Y, Ruan CX, Wang J, Jiang FF, Xiong LS, Sheng X, Le J, Yu AQ, Wang Q, Liu YT, Qin SL. High glucose inhibits the survival of HRMCs and its mechanism. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:5683-5688. [PMID: 36066140 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202208_29502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High glucose can promote the apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells and cause diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of high glucose on the survival of human renal mesangial cells (HRMCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells were treated with high glucose (30 mM) or normal glucose (5 mM) for 48 hours. Cell proliferation was determined by trypan blue assay. The relative expression of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) and inflammatory factors detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Protein expression of Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3 and Smad7 in HRMCs were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with normal glucose, we found that high glucose significantly inhibited cell survival, accompanied by the decrease of tissue metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) mRNA expression. Western blot results showed that the expression of p-Smad2/3 was significantly up-regulated, the expression of Smad7 was significantly downregulated, and inflammatory factors IL-6/IL-8 mRNA expression were increased in the HRMCs cultured with the high glucose. We also found that, compared with the normal glucose, the level of MDA was significantly increased (p<0.01), and the level of SOD was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the HRMCs cultured with the high glucose. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that high glucose inhibited the survival of HRMCs and may be associated with the downregulation of TIMP3 expression, Smad signaling pathway, inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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8
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Li Y, Xue S, He Q, Wang J, Zhu L, Zou J, Zhang J, Zuo C, Fan Z, Yue J, Zhang C, Yang K, Le J. Arabidopsis F-BOX STRESS INDUCED 4 is required to repress excessive divisions in stomatal development. J Integr Plant Biol 2022; 64:56-72. [PMID: 34817930 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During the terminal stage of stomatal development, the R2R3-MYB transcription factors FOUR LIPS (FLP/MYB124) and MYB88 limit guard mother cell division by repressing the transcript levels of multiple cell-cycle genes. In Arabidopsis thaliana possessing the weak allele flp-1, an extra guard mother cell division results in two stomata having direct contact. Here, we identified an ethylmethane sulfonate-mutagenized mutant, flp-1 xs01c, which exhibited more severe defects than flp-1 alone, producing giant tumor-like cell clusters. XS01C, encoding F-BOX STRESS-INDUCED 4 (FBS4), is preferentially expressed in epidermal stomatal precursor cells. Overexpressing FBS4 rescued the defective stomatal phenotypes of flp-1 xs01c and flp-1 mutants. The deletion or substitution of a conserved residue (Proline166) within the F-box domain of FBS4 abolished or reduced, respectively, its interaction with Arabidopsis Skp1-Like1 (ASK1), the core subunit of the Skp1/Cullin/F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Furthermore, the FBS4 protein physically interacted with CYCA2;3 and induced its degradation through the ubiquitin-26S proteasome pathway. Thus, in addition to the known transcriptional pathway, the terminal symmetric division in stomatal development is ensured at the post-translational level, such as through the ubiquitination of target proteins recognized by the stomatal lineage F-box protein FBS4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- The Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Qixiumei He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junxue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Wenbo School, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junjie Zou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chaoran Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhibin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junling Yue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Kezhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Rojas-Marte G, Khalid M, Mukhtar O, Hashmi AT, Waheed MA, Ehrlich S, Aslam A, Siddiqui S, Agarwal C, Malyshev Y, Henriquez-Felipe C, Sharma D, Sharma S, Chukwuka N, Rodriguez DC, Alliu S, Le J, Shani J. Outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 disease treated with tocilizumab: a case-controlled study. QJM 2020; 113:546-550. [PMID: 32569363 PMCID: PMC7337835 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is an ongoing threat to society. Patients who develop the most severe forms of the disease have high mortality. The interleukin-6 inhibitor tocilizumab has the potential to improve outcomes in these patients by preventing the development of cytokine release storm. AIMS To evaluate the outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 disease treated with the interleukin-6 inhibitor tocilizumab. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, case-control, single-center study in patients with severe to critical COVID-19 disease treated with tocilizumab. Disease severity was defined based on the amount of oxygen supplementation required. The primary endpoint was the overall mortality. Secondary endpoints were mortality in non-intubated patients and mortality in intubated patients. RESULTS A total of 193 patients were included in the study. Ninety-six patients received tocilizumab, while 97 served as the control group. The mean age was 60 years. Patients over 65 years represented 43% of the population. More patients in the tocilizumab group reported fever, cough and shortness of breath (83%, 80% and 96% vs. 73%, 69% and 71%, respectively). There was a non-statistically significant lower mortality in the treatment group (52% vs. 62.1%, P = 0.09). When excluding intubated patients, there was statistically significant lower mortality in patients treated with tocilizumab (6% vs. 27%, P = 0.024). Bacteremia was more common in the control group (24% vs. 13%, P = 0.43), while fungemia was similar for both (3% vs. 4%, P = 0.72). CONCLUSION Our study showed a non-statistically significant lower mortality in patients with severe to critical COVID-19 disease who received tocilizumab. When intubated patients were excluded, the use of tocilizumab was associated with lower mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rojas-Marte
- Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Staten Island University Hospital-Northwell Health, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, NY 10305, USA
| | - M Khalid
- Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - O Mukhtar
- Department of Pulmonology, Interfaith Medical Center, 1545 Atlantic Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11213, USA
| | - A T Hashmi
- Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - M A Waheed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - S Ehrlich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - A Aslam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - S Siddiqui
- Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - C Agarwal
- Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - Y Malyshev
- Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - C Henriquez-Felipe
- Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - D Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - N Chukwuka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - D C Rodriguez
- Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - S Alliu
- Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - J Le
- Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
| | - J Shani
- Department of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
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Yang K, Wang L, Le J, Dong J. Cell polarity: Regulators and mechanisms in plants. J Integr Plant Biol 2020; 62:132-147. [PMID: 31889400 PMCID: PMC7196246 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell polarity plays an important role in a wide range of biological processes in plant growth and development. Cell polarity is manifested as the asymmetric distribution of molecules, for example, proteins and lipids, at the plasma membrane and/or inside of a cell. Here, we summarize a few polarized proteins that have been characterized in plants and we review recent advances towards understanding the molecular mechanism for them to polarize at the plasma membrane. Multiple mechanisms, including membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal activities, and protein phosphorylation, and so forth define the polarized plasma membrane domains. Recent discoveries suggest that the polar positioning of the proteo-lipid membrane domain may instruct the formation of polarity complexes in plants. In this review, we highlight the factors and regulators for their functions in establishing the membrane asymmetries in plant development. Furthermore, we discuss a few outstanding questions to be addressed to better understand the mechanisms by which cell polarity is regulated in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Correspondences: Kezhen Yang (); Juan Dong (, Dr. Dong is fully responsible for the distributions of all materials associated with this article)
| | - Lu Wang
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Juan Dong
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondences: Kezhen Yang (); Juan Dong (, Dr. Dong is fully responsible for the distributions of all materials associated with this article)
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11
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Burroway B, Sanchez N, Le J, Kirsner R, Nichols A. LB1132 Inspiring the next generation of dermatologists: A simple, easily reproducible way to increase diversity within dermatology. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Qi S, Lin Q, Feng X, Han H, Liu J, Zhang L, Wu S, Le J, Blumwald E, Hua X. IDD16 negatively regulates stomatal initiation via trans-repression of SPCH in Arabidopsis. Plant Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1446-1457. [PMID: 30623555 PMCID: PMC6576023 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, the initiation and proliferation of stomatal lineage cells is controlled by SPEECHLESS (SPCH). Phosphorylation of SPCH at the post-translational level has been reported to regulate stomatal development. Here we report that IDD16 acts as a negative regulator for stomatal initiation by directly regulating SPCH transcription. In Arabidopsis, IDD16 overexpression decreased abaxial stomatal density in a dose-dependent manner. Time course analysis revealed that the initiation of stomatal precursor cells in the IDD16-OE plants was severely inhibited. Consistent with these findings, the transcription of SPCH was greatly repressed in the IDD16-OE plants. In contrast, IDD16-RNAi transgenic line resulted in enhanced stomatal density, suggesting that IDD16 is an intrinsic regulator of stomatal development. ChIP analysis indicated that IDD16 could directly bind to the SPCH promoter. Furthermore, Arabidopsis plants overexpressing IDD16 exhibited significantly increased drought tolerance and higher integrated water use efficiency (WUE) due to reduction in leaf transpiration. Collectively, our results established that IDD16 negatively regulates stomatal initiation via trans-repression of SPCH, and thus provide a practical tool for increasing plant WUE through the manipulation of IDD16 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi‐Lian Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical GardenInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of HorticultureFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qing‐Fang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical GardenInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuan‐Jun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical GardenInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hui‐Ling Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical GardenInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical GardenInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Liu Zhang
- College of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of HorticultureFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Xue‐Jun Hua
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical GardenInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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Xue S, Zou J, Liu Y, Wang M, Zhang C, Le J. Involvement of BIG5 and BIG3 in BRI1 Trafficking Reveals Diverse Functions of BIG-subfamily ARF-GEFs in Plant Growth and Gravitropism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092339. [PMID: 31083521 PMCID: PMC6539719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor-guanine nucleotide exchange factors (ARF-GEFs) act as key regulators of vesicle trafficking in all eukaryotes. In Arabidopsis, there are eight ARF-GEFs, including three members of the GBF1 subfamily and five members of the BIG subfamily. These ARF-GEFs have different subcellular localizations and regulate different trafficking pathways. Until now, the roles of these BIG-subfamily ARF-GEFs have not been fully revealed. Here, analysis of the BIGs expression patterns showed that BIG3 and BIG5 have similar expression patterns. big5-1 displayed a dwarf growth and big3-1 big5-1 double mutant showed more severe defects, indicating functional redundancy between BIG3 and BIG5. Moreover, both big5-1 and big3-1 big5-1 exhibited a reduced sensitivity to Brassinosteroid (BR) treatment. Brefeldin A (BFA)-induced BR receptor Brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1) aggregation was reduced in big5-1 mutant, indicating that the action of BIG5 is required for BRI1 recycling. Furthermore, BR-induced dephosphorylation of transcription factor BZR1 was decreased in big3-1 big5-1 double mutants. The introduction of the gain-of-function of BZR1 mutant BZR1-1D in big3-1 big5-1 mutants can partially rescue the big3-1 big5-1 growth defects. Our findings revealed that BIG5 functions redundantly with BIG3 in plant growth and gravitropism, and BIG5 participates in BR signal transduction pathway through regulating BRI1 trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Junjie Zou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Yangfan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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Tang SH, Lu Y, Zhang PS, Liu XH, Du XH, Chen D, Li SY, Cao JJ, Chen LG, Le J, Qian SY, Hong YW, Pei RZ. [Ikaros family zinc finger 1 mutation is a poor prognostic factor for adult Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2019; 58:301-306. [PMID: 30917424 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1426.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the prognostic impact of Ikaros family zinc finger 1(IKZF1) mutation on adult Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Methods: IKZF1 mutation was detected in 63 adult Ph1 positive ALL patients at diagnosis using capillary electrophoresis. Recruited patients were treated in our center and other three hospitals in Ningbo from January 2014 to January 2017. Clinical data were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Results: Thirty-nine (61.9%) patients were positive IKZF1 mutation in this cohort. The white blood cell (WBC) count in IKZF1 mutation group was significantly higher than that of mutation negative group [(64.6±11.3)×10(9)/L vs. (33.7±5.6)×10(9)/L, P<0.05]. Patients with WBC count over 30×10(9)/L accounted for 56.4% in IKZF1 mutation group. Complete remission (CR) rate in the IKZF1 mutation group was also lower than that of negative group after induction chemotherapy (64.1% vs. 75.0%, P>0.05). IKZF1 was a negative prognostic factor but not independent factor for survival by univariate and multivariate analyses. Patients were divided into chemotherapy and allogeneic transplantation groups. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate and 3-year leukemia-free survival (LFS) rate in IKZF1 mutation group were significantly lower than those of negative group in both transplantation group (42.3% vs. 59.3%; 31.2% vs. 50.0%; respectively, both P<0.05) and chemotherapy group (24.8% vs. 40.0%; 19.0% vs. 34.3%; respectively, both P<0.05). Conclusion: IKZF1 mutation is a poor prognostic factor for adult Ph1 positive ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Tang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Y Lu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - P S Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - X H Liu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - X H Du
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - D Chen
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - S Y Li
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - J J Cao
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - L G Chen
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - J Le
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - S Y Qian
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Y W Hong
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo Yinzhou No.2 Hospital, Ningbo 315192, China
| | - R Z Pei
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We analyzed data of lupus nephritis (LN) patients to find parameters that can predict remission. METHODS Sixty-four LN patients who were diagnosed with class III, IV, V or V + III/IV by renal biopsy and were followed up for more than six months in our center were enrolled retrospectively. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to test the predictive values of urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR), serum albumin and complement C3 at the first, second and third months as predictors for remission at the sixth month. RESULTS The patients' renal pathologies were class III (five cases), class IV (33 cases), class V (nine cases) and class V + III/IV (17 cases). All patients received standard immunosuppressive therapy. Forty-six (71.9%) patients (grouped as the remission group) achieved remission at the end of the sixth month, including 23 complete remissions and 23 partial remissions. The other 18 patients were grouped as the no-remission group. There were no significant differences in clinical data, proportion of immunosuppressive therapy or renal pathological characteristics between the remission group and no-remission group at baseline, except the serum urea nitrogen of the remission group was lower than in the no-remission group. The UPCR were significantly lower in the remission group than in the no-remission group at months 1, 2, 3 and 6, respectively, while the serum albumin was significantly higher in the remission group than in the no-remission group at months 3 and 6, respectively. There were no significant differences in serum creatinine between the remission group and no-remission group, except at month 1. The C3 levels were higher in the remission group than in the no-remission group at months 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The areas under the curve (AUC) of the change percentage of UPCR at month 3 and the serum albumin at month 3 were the most significant (AUC 0.778, p = 0.002; AUC 0.773, p = 0.001, respectively). The cutoff value of the change percentage of UPCR at month 3 was 59%. The cutoff value of serum albumin at month 3 was 32.9g/l. CONCLUSION The change percentage of UPCR ≥59% and the serum albumin ≥32.9 g/l at the third month were valuable for predicting remission at the sixth month in LN. Because of the small-size and retrospective nature, this study needs to be validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Liu
- 1 Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,2 Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital, College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - H Wang
- 1 Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,3 Department of Nephrology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - J Le
- 1 Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - L Lan
- 1 Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Xu
- 1 Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Yang
- 1 Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - J Chen
- 1 Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - F Han
- 1 Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Qu X, Yan M, Zou J, Jiang M, Yang K, Le J. A2-type cyclin is required for the asymmetric entry division in rice stomatal development. J Exp Bot 2018; 69:3587-3599. [PMID: 29701802 PMCID: PMC6022656 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In rice, and other major cereal grass crops, stomata are arranged in linear files parallel to the long growth axis of leaves. Each stomatal unit comprises two dumbbell-shaped guard cells flanked by two subsidiary cells. These morphological and developmental characteristics enable grass stomata to respond to environmental changes more efficiently. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their cyclin partners co-ordinate cell proliferation and differentiation during the development of multicellular organisms. In contrast to animals, plants have many more types and members of cyclins. In Arabidopsis, four A2-type cyclins (CYCA2s) function redundantly in regulating CDKB1 activity to promote the asymmetric division for stomatal initiation and the symmetric division of guard mother cells (GMCs). In this study, we examine the function of the single A2-type cyclin in rice, OsCYCA2;1, as well the single B1-type CDK, OsCDKB1;1. Cross-species complementation tests demonstrated that OsCYCA2;1 and OsCDKB1;1 could complement the defective stomatal phenotypes of Arabidopsis cyca2 and cdkb1 mutants, but also could suppress DNA endoduplication and cell enlargement. The early asymmetric divisions that establish the stomatal lineages are often missing within the stomatal cell files of OsCYCA2;1-RNAi rice transgenic lines, leading to a significantly reduced stomatal production. However, GMC divisions are not disrupted either in OsCYCA2;1-RNAi or in OsCDKB1;1-RNAi rice transgenic lines as expected. Our results demonstrate a conserved but diverged function and behavior of rice A2-type cyclins, which might be associated with the distinct stomatal development pathways between rice and Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Qu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Zou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kezhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Regis C, Le J, Le Teuff G, Cucchi M, Boulanger L, Hannebicque K, Giard S, Chauvet MP, Quemenr J, Ledeley MC. Abstract P4-13-03: Variations in breast reconstruction rate in France according to patient and site characteristics: A nationwide retrospective study of nearly 20,000 patients. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p4-13-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Breast reconstruction (BR) for women who undergo mastectomy for cancer offers psychological benefits and improves quality of life. However its use remains limited, especially for women over 65 years, with a large degree of international variation. The aim of this study was to find out factors influencing the surgical decision of BR in France where cancer related healthcare costs are fully reimbursed.
Methods: We used the French medico-administrative database to identify all primary mastectomies for breast carcinoma in 2012 and studied the rate of immediate (IR) or delayed breast reconstruction (DR) up to December 2015.
Variations of BR rates were evaluated according to
- patient age, social deprivation index,
- profile of the hospital where the mastectomy was performed: type of hospital (cancer center, CC; university hospitals, UH; private, PrivH; or public, PubH), and hospital activity (surgical acts for breast cancer in 2012);
- disparities across administrative regions in terms of number of CC or UH, number of plastic surgeons, gynecologist-obstetrician surgeons and general surgeons in the region.
A hierarchical three-level logistic regression was used with SAS GLIMMIX to model the probability of BR taking into account clustering of observations (patients in hospitals, hospitals in regions). Splines were used to explore the functional form of the relationship between continuous variables and BR rate. Akaike information criterion was used for model selection.
Results: Among the 19,466 women who had a mastectomy in 2012, 5,328 (27.4%) subsequently had a BR: IR for 13.7% and DR for 13.7%. The BR rate significantly varied with age (p<0.0001), resulting in a much smaller BR rate in patients older than 65 compared to younger (7.5% vs 42.1%, p<0.0001). In case of BR, IR was more frequent than DR in older patients (66% of BR), whereas both were equally balanced before 65. BR rates decreased with increasing social deprivation index (from 32.7% to 21.5%, from the first to the fourth quartile of the distribution). BR rates significantly varied according to hospital type (35.0% in CC, 29.8% in UH, 25.9% in PrivH and 18.6% in PubH). BR rates were significantly lower in small activity hospital (varying from 13.4% in hospital with <=50 annual breast surgery to 35.1% in hospitals with >500), especially in older patients (varying from 3.1% to 10.3%). We also observed important heterogeneity of BR rates across administrative regions, but these variations were not explained by the number of CC or UH, the number of plastic surgeons, the number of gynecologist-obstetrician surgeons or the number of general surgeons in the region. In multivariate analysis, BR rate was significantly associated with age (p<0.0001), social deprivation index (p<0.0001), type of hospital (p=0.002) and hospital activity (p<0.0001), with persistent heterogeneity across administrative regions.
Conclusions: We identified substantial variations in BR rates across the French hospitals. Controlling for possible confounders, older patients have less breast reconstruction. This apparent heterogeneity can be part of women choice, however it suggests unequal access to high quality procedures for older women with breast cancer.
Citation Format: Regis C, Le J, Le Teuff G, Cucchi M, Boulanger L, Hannebicque K, Giard S, Chauvet M-P, Quemenr J, Ledeley M-C. Variations in breast reconstruction rate in France according to patient and site characteristics: A nationwide retrospective study of nearly 20,000 patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-13-03.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Regis
- Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Biostatistics Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - J Le
- Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Biostatistics Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - G Le Teuff
- Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Biostatistics Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - M Cucchi
- Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Biostatistics Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - L Boulanger
- Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Biostatistics Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - K Hannebicque
- Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Biostatistics Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - S Giard
- Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Biostatistics Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - M-P Chauvet
- Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Biostatistics Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - J Quemenr
- Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Biostatistics Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - M-C Ledeley
- Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France; Biostatistics Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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18
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Zou JJ, Zheng ZY, Xue S, Li HH, Wang YR, Le J. The role of Arabidopsis Actin-Related Protein 3 in amyloplast sedimentation and polar auxin transport in root gravitropism. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:5325-5337. [PMID: 27473572 PMCID: PMC5049384 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Gravitropism is vital for shaping directional plant growth in response to the forces of gravity. Signals perceived in the gravity-sensing cells can be converted into biochemical signals and transmitted. Sedimentation of amyloplasts in the columella cells triggers asymmetric auxin redistribution in root tips, leading to downward root growth. The actin cytoskeleton is thought to play an important role in root gravitropism, although the molecular mechanism has not been resolved. DISTORTED1 (DIS1) encodes the ARP3 subunit of the Arabidopsis Actin-Related Protein 2/3 (ARP2/3) complex, and the ARP3/DIS1 mutant dis1-1 showed delayed root curvature after gravity stimulation. Microrheological analysis revealed that the high apparent viscosity within dis1-1 central columella cells is closely associated with abnormal movement trajectories of amyloplasts. Analysis using a sensitive auxin input reporter DII-VENUS showed that asymmetric auxin redistribution was reduced in the root tips of dis1-1, and the actin-disrupting drug Latrunculin B increased the asymmetric auxin redistribution. An uptake assay using the membrane-selective dye FM4-64 indicated that endocytosis was decelerated in dis1-1 root epidermal cells. Treatment and wash-out with Brefeldin A, which inhibits protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, showed that cycling of the auxin-transporter PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins to the plasma membrane was also suppressed in dis1-1 roots. The results reveal that ARP3/DIS1 acts in root gravitropism by affecting amyloplast sedimentation and PIN-mediated polar auxin transport through regulation of PIN protein trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Zou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Han-Hai Li
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Ren Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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19
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Le J, Dam Q, Schweizer M, Thienphrapa W, Nizet V, Sakoulas G. Effects of vancomycin versus nafcillin in enhancing killing of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus causing bacteremia by human cathelicidin LL-37. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:1441-7. [PMID: 27234592 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that anti-staphylococcal beta-lactam antibiotics, like nafcillin, render methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) more susceptible to killing by innate host defense peptides (HDPs), such as cathelicidin LL-37. We compared the effects of growth in 1/4 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nafcillin or vancomycin on the LL-37 killing of 92 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates. For three randomly selected strains among these, we examined the effects of nafcillin, vancomycin, daptomycin, or linezolid on LL-37 killing and autolysis. Growth in the presence of subinhibitory nafcillin significantly enhanced LL-37 killing of MSSA compared to vancomycin and antibiotic-free controls. Nafcillin also reduced MSSA production of the golden staphylococcal pigment staphyloxanthin in 39 % of pigmented strains vs. 14 % for vancomycin. Among the antibiotics tested, only nafcillin resulted in significantly increased MSSA autolysis. These studies point to additional mechanisms of anti-staphylococcal activity of nafcillin beyond direct bactericidal activity, properties that vancomycin and other antibiotic classes do not exhibit. The ability of nafcillin to enhance sensitivity to innate HDPs may contribute to its superior effectiveness against MSSA, as suggested by studies comparing clinical outcomes to vancomycin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Le
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0714, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0714, USA.
| | - Q Dam
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Schweizer
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - W Thienphrapa
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - V Nizet
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0714, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0714, USA
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - G Sakoulas
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
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20
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Le J, Dorstyn D. Anxiety prevalence following spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis. Spinal Cord 2016; 54:570-8. [PMID: 26951738 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2016.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Meta-analysis. OBJECTIVES Prevalence estimates indicate that anxiety following spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common problem. However, methodological differences between studies may impact the clinical interpretation of these data. METHODS Data from 18 independent studies (Nparticipants=3158), which reported the prevalence of an anxiety disorder or associated symptoms, were identified from the Embase, PubMed and PsycInfo databases. Proportions were the primary effect size estimate. Confidence intervals, fail-safe Ns and the I(2) statistic were additionally calculated to identify the extent to which findings were robust and consistent across studies. RESULTS Five per cent of participants met the criteria for either GAD or panic disorder, with Agoraphobia identified in 2.5%. These diagnostic data were, however, limited to two studies. Higher rates were noted for self-reported 'caseness' of anxiety, with 27% reporting clinically significant symptoms. Anxiety prevalence estimates varied across the individual self-report measures (range: 15-32%). Method of administration (range: 26-32%) did not impact significantly on these estimates nor did recruitment source, with similarly high anxiety levels reported by hospital (27%) and community (29%) samples. CONCLUSIONS Early identification and treatment of anxiety are important in SCI rehabilitation, with a subgroup of individuals experiencing chronic symptoms. Further research is needed to establish guidelines for the interpretation of self-report data, including the use of clinical cutoffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Le
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - D Dorstyn
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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21
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Wang HZ, Yang KZ, Zou JJ, Zhu LL, Xie ZD, Morita MT, Tasaka M, Friml J, Grotewold E, Beeckman T, Vanneste S, Sack F, Le J. Transcriptional regulation of PIN genes by FOUR LIPS and MYB88 during Arabidopsis root gravitropism. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8822. [PMID: 26578169 PMCID: PMC4673497 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PIN proteins are auxin export carriers that direct intercellular auxin flow and in turn regulate many aspects of plant growth and development including responses to environmental changes. The Arabidopsis R2R3-MYB transcription factor FOUR LIPS (FLP) and its paralogue MYB88 regulate terminal divisions during stomatal development, as well as female reproductive development and stress responses. Here we show that FLP and MYB88 act redundantly but differentially in regulating the transcription of PIN3 and PIN7 in gravity-sensing cells of primary and lateral roots. On the one hand, FLP is involved in responses to gravity stimulation in primary roots, whereas on the other, FLP and MYB88 function complementarily in establishing the gravitropic set-point angles of lateral roots. Our results support a model in which FLP and MYB88 expression specifically determines the temporal-spatial patterns of PIN3 and PIN7 transcription that are closely associated with their preferential functions during root responses to gravity. Plants respond to reorientation by altering the distribution of the plant hormone auxin causing roots to bend towards gravity. Here Wang et al. find that expression of the PIN3 and PIN7 auxin transporters in gravity sensing cells is controlled by concerted action of the FLP and MYB88 transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan (Fragrant Hill), Haidian, Beijing 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke-Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan (Fragrant Hill), Haidian, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan (Fragrant Hill), Haidian, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan (Fragrant Hill), Haidian, Beijing 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zi Dian Xie
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Miyo Terao Morita
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masao Tasaka
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0101, Japan
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology of Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent B-9052, Belgium.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent B-9052, Belgium.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Fred Sack
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan (Fragrant Hill), Haidian, Beijing 100093, China
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22
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Han F, Le J, Choong P, Wang H, Cai F, Chen L, Xu Y, Chen J. Clinical Characteristics of Lupus Nephritis Patients Suffering Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Organ Transplant Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjn.2015.08.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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23
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Yang KZ, Jiang M, Wang M, Xue S, Zhu LL, Wang HZ, Zou JJ, Lee EK, Sack F, Le J. Phosphorylation of Serine 186 of bHLH Transcription Factor SPEECHLESS Promotes Stomatal Development in Arabidopsis. Mol Plant 2015; 8:783-95. [PMID: 25680231 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The initiation of stomatal lineage and subsequent asymmetric divisions in Arabidopsis require the activity of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor SPEECHLESS (SPCH). It has been shown that SPCH controls entry into the stomatal lineage as a substrate either of the MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (MAPK) cascade or GSK3-like kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2). Here we show that three serine residues of SPCH appear to be the primary phosphorylation targets of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases A;1 (CDKA;1) in vitro, and among them Serine 186 plays a crucial role in stomatal formation. Expression of an SPCH construct harboring a mutation that results in phosphorylation deficiencies on Serine 186 residue failed to rescue stomatal defects in spch null mutants. Expression of a phosphorylation-mimic mutant SPCH(S186D) complemented stomatal production defects in the transgenic lines harboring the targeted expression of dominant-negative CDKA;1.N146. Therefore, in addition to MAPK- and BIN2-mediated phosphorylation on SPCH, phosphorylation at Serine 186 is positively required for SPCH function in regulating stomatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hong-Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Eun-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Fred Sack
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Beijing 100093, China.
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24
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Zheng Z, Zou J, Li H, Xue S, Wang Y, Le J. Microrheological insights into the dynamics of amyloplasts in root gravity-sensing cells. Mol Plant 2015; 8:660-3. [PMID: 25704165 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Junjie Zou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hanhai Li
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuren Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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25
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Wang M, Yang K, Le J. Organ-specific effects of brassinosteroids on stomatal production coordinate with the action of Too Many Mouths. J Integr Plant Biol 2015; 57:247-255. [PMID: 25234048 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, stomatal development initiates after protodermal cells acquire stomatal lineage cell fate. Stomata or their precursors communicate with their neighbor epidermal cells to ensure the "one cell spacing" rule. The signals from EPF/EPFL peptide ligands received by Too Many Mouths (TMM) and ERECTA-family receptors are supposed to be transduced by YODA MAPK cascade. A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor SPEECHLESS (SPCH) is another key regulator of stomatal cell fate determination and asymmetric entry divisions, and SPCH activity is regulated by YODA MAPK cascade. Brassinosteroid (BR) signaling, one of the most well characterized signal transduction pathways in plants, contributes to the control of stomatal production. But opposite organ-specific effects of BR on stomatal production were reported. Here we confirm that stomatal production in hypocotyls is controlled by BR levels. YODA and CYCD4 are not essential for BR stomata-promoting function. Furthermore, we found that BR could confer tmm hypocotyls clustered stomatal phenotype, indicating that the BR organ-specific effects on stomatal production might coordinate with the TMM organ-specific actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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26
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Loughan A, Perna R, Le J, Hertza J. C-88 * Abbreviating the Test of Memory Malingering: TOMM Trial 1 in Children with ADHD. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acu038.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Vivian EM, Le J, Ikem P, Tolson Y. Health needs and neighbourhood concerns of low income households vulnerable to food insecurity. Public Health 2014; 128:743-5. [PMID: 25128323 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E M Vivian
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - J Le
- University of California San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USA.
| | - P Ikem
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Y Tolson
- St. Vincent de Paul Charitable Pharmacy, 2033 Fish Hatchery Road, Madison, WI 53725, USA.
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Abstract
Stomata are two-celled valves that control epidermal pores whose opening and spacing optimizes shoot-atmosphere gas exchange. Arabidopsis stomatal formation involves at least one asymmetric division and one symmetric division. Stomatal formation and patterning are regulated by the frequency and placement of asymmetric divisions. This model system has already led to significant advances in developmental biology, such as the regulation of cell fate, division, differentiation, and patterning. Over the last 30 years, stomatal development has been found to be controlled by numerous intrinsic genetic and environmental factors. This mini review focuses on the signaling involved in stomatal initiation and in divisions in the cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
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29
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Yang K, Jiang M, Le J. A new loss-of-function allele 28y reveals a role of ARGONAUTE1 in limiting asymmetric division of stomatal lineage ground cell. J Integr Plant Biol 2014; 56:539-49. [PMID: 24386951 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana L., stomata are produced through a series of divisions including asymmetric and symmetric divisions. Asymmetric entry division of meristemoid mother cell produces two daughter cells, the smaller meristemoid and the larger sister cell, a stomatal lineage ground cell (SLGC). Stomatal lineage ground cells can differentiate into epidermal pavement cells but have the potential to divide asymmetrically, spacing divisions, to create satellite meristemoids. Peptide ligands and TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM) and ERECTA family receptors regulate the initiation of stomatal lineages, activity, and orientation of spacing divisions. Here, we reported that a natural mutant 28y displayed an increased stomatal density and index. Using map-based cloning, we identified mutation in ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) as the cause of 28y phenotypes. Time-lapse tracing of stomatal lineage cells reveals that stomatal overproduction in 28y is caused by the excessive asymmetric spacing division of SLGCs. Further genetic results demonstrated that AGO1 acts downstream of TMM and negatively regulates the SPCH transcripts, but in a brassinosteroid-independent manner. Upregulation of AGAMOUS-LIKE16 (AGL16) in 28y mutants suggests that AGO1 is required to restrict AGL16-mediated stomatal spacing divisions, an miRNA pathway in addition to ligand-receptor signaling modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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30
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Yang K, Wang H, Xue S, Qu X, Zou J, Le J. Requirement for A-type cyclin-dependent kinase and cyclins for the terminal division in the stomatal lineage of Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2014; 65:2449-61. [PMID: 24687979 PMCID: PMC4036514 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis stoma is a specialized epidermal valve made up of a pair of guard cells around a pore whose aperture controls gas exchange between the shoot and atmosphere. Guard cells (GCs) are produced by a symmetric division of guard mother cells (GMCs). The R2R3-MYB transcription factor FOUR LIPS (FLP) and its paralogue MYB88 restrict the division of a GMC to one. Previously, the upstream regions of several core cell cycle genes were identified as the direct targets of FLP/MYB88, including the B-type cyclin-dependent kinase CDKB1;1 and A2-type cyclin CYCA2;3. Here we show that CDKA;1 is also an immediate direct target of FLP/MYB88 through the binding to cis-regulatory elements in the CDKA;1 promoter region. CDKA;1 activity is required not only for normal GMC divisions but also for the excessive cell overproliferation in flp myb88 mutant GMCs. The impaired defects of GMC division in cdkb1;1 1;2 mutants could be partially rescued by a stage-specific expression of CDKA;1. Although targeted overexpression of CDKA;1 does not affect stomatal development, ectopic expression of the D3-type cyclin CYCD3;2 induces GC subdivision, resulting in a stoma with 3-4 GCs instead of the normal two. Co-overexpression of CDKA;1 with CYCD3;2, but not with CYCA2;3, confers a synergistic effect with respect to GC subdivision. Thus, in addition to a role in stomatal formative asymmetric divisions at early developmental stages, CDKA;1 is needed in triggering GMC symmetric divisions at the late stage of stomatal development. However, timely down-regulation of CDKA;1-CYCD3 activity is required for restriction of GC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hongzhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Junjie Zou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Beijing 100093, China
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Le J, Buth K, Legare J. Are Multiple Mediastinal Chest Tubes Associated With Improved Patient Outcome After Cardiac Surgery? Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Casanova JR, Nishimura M, Le J, Lam TT, Swann JW. Rapid hippocampal network adaptation to recurring synchronous activity--a role for calcineurin. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 38:3115-27. [PMID: 23879713 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal networks are thought to gradually adapt to altered neuronal activity over many hours and days. For instance, when activity is increased by suppressing synaptic inhibition, excitatory synaptic transmission is reduced. The underlying compensatory cellular and molecular mechanisms are thought to contribute in important ways to maintaining normal network operations. Seizures, due to their massive and highly synchronised discharging, probably challenge the adaptive properties of neurons, especially when seizures are frequent and intense - a condition common in early childhood. In the experiments reported here, we used rat and mice hippocampal slice cultures to explore the effects that recurring seizure-like activity has on the developing hippocampus. We found that developing networks adapted rapidly to recurring synchronised activity in that the duration of seizure-like events was reduced by 42% after 4 h of activity. At the same time, the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in pyramidal cells, the expression of biochemical biomarkers for glutamatergic synapses and the branching of pyramidal cell dendrites were all dramatically reduced. Experiments also showed that the reduction in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits and postsynaptic density protein 95 expression were N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent. To explore calcium signaling mechanisms in network adaptation, we tested inhibitors of calcineurin, a protein phosphatase known to play roles in synaptic plasticity and activity-dependent dendrite remodeling. We found that FK506 was able to prevent all of the electrophysiological, biochemical, and anatomical changes produced by synchronised network activity. Our results show that hippocampal pyramidal cells and their networks adapt rapidly to intense synchronised activity and that calcineurin play an important role in the underlying processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Casanova
- The Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; The Cain Foundation Laboratories, The Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1225, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J Le
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Ginty C, Chang A, Matsuura A, Walsh K, Le J, Decker C, Green M, Hollander J. 34 Lack of Sex Disparity in Cardiovascular Testing After Coronary CTA. Ann Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ammerpohl O, Haake A, Pellissery S, Giefing M, Richter J, Balint B, Kulis M, Le J, Bibikova M, Drexler HG, Seifert M, Shaknovic R, Korn B, Küppers R, Martín-Subero JI, Siebert R. Array-based DNA methylation analysis in classical Hodgkin lymphoma reveals new insights into the mechanisms underlying silencing of B cell-specific genes. Leukemia 2011; 26:185-8. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Bjørnson S, Le J, Saito T, Wang H. Ultrastructure and molecular characterization of a microsporidium, Tubulinosema hippodamiae, from the convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville. J Invertebr Pathol 2011; 106:280-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Le J, Wehr JD, Campbell L. Uncoupling of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton production in fresh waters is affected by inorganic nutrient limitation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 60:2086-93. [PMID: 16349294 PMCID: PMC201605 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.6.2086-2093.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelagic bacterial production is often positively correlated, or coupled, with primary production through utilization of autotrophically produced dissolved organic carbon. Recent studies indicate that inorganic N or P can directly limit both bacterial and phytoplanktonic growth. Our mesocosm experiments, with whole communities from mesotrophic Calder Lake, test whether this apparent bacterial-algal coupling may be the result of independent responses to limiting inorganic nutrients. In systems without N additions, numbers of bacteria but not phytoplankton increased 2- to 2.5-fold in response to P fertilization (0 to 2.0 mumol of P per liter); this resulted in uncoupled production patterns. In systems supplemented with 10 mumol of NH(4)NO(3) per liter, P addition resulted in up to threefold increases in bacteria and two- to fivefold increases in total phytoplankton biomass (close coupling). P limitation of pelagic bacteria occurred independently of phytoplankton dynamics, and regressions between bacterial abundance and phytoplankton chlorophyll a were nonsignificant in all systems without added N. We describe a useful and simple coupling index which predicts that shifts in phytoplankton and bacterioplankton growth will be unrelated (Delta bacteria/Delta phytoplankton --> either + infinity or - infinity) in systems with inorganic N/P (molar) ratios of < approximately 40. In systems with higher N/P ratios (>40), the coupling index will approach 1.0 and close coupling between bacteria and phytoplankton is predicted to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Le
- Louis Calder Center, Fordham University, Armonk, New York 10504
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Kotchoni SO, Zakharova T, Mallery EL, Le J, El-Assal SED, Szymanski DB. The association of the Arabidopsis actin-related protein2/3 complex with cell membranes is linked to its assembly status but not its activation. Plant Physiol 2009; 151:2095-109. [PMID: 19801398 PMCID: PMC2785977 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.143859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In growing plant cells, the combined activities of the cytoskeleton, endomembrane, and cell wall biosynthetic systems organize the cytoplasm and define the architecture and growth properties of the cell. These biosynthetic machineries efficiently synthesize, deliver, and recycle the raw materials that support cell expansion. The precise roles of the actin cytoskeleton in these processes are unclear. Certainly, bundles of actin filaments position organelles and are a substrate for long-distance intracellular transport, but the functional linkages between dynamic actin filament arrays and the cell growth machinery are poorly understood. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) "distorted group" mutants have defined protein complexes that appear to generate and convert small GTPase signals into an Actin-Related Protein2/3 (ARP2/3)-dependent actin filament nucleation response. However, direct biochemical knowledge about Arabidopsis ARP2/3 and its cellular distribution is lacking. In this paper, we provide biochemical evidence for a plant ARP2/3. The plant complex utilizes a conserved assembly mechanism. ARPC4 is the most critical core subunit that controls the assembly and steady-state levels of the complex. ARP2/3 in other systems is believed to be mostly a soluble complex that is locally recruited and activated. Unexpectedly, we find that Arabidopsis ARP2/3 interacts strongly with cell membranes. Membrane binding is linked to complex assembly status and not to the extent to which it is activated. Mutant analyses implicate ARP2 as an important subunit for membrane association.
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Cooper K, Le J, Kane C, Kennedy D. Kinetics of semicarbazide and nitrofurazone in chicken eggs and egg powders. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2008; 25:684-92. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030701822060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Verbelen JP, De Cnodder T, Le J, Vissenberg K, Baluška F. The Root Apex of Arabidopsis thaliana Consists of Four Distinct Zones of Growth Activities: Meristematic Zone, Transition Zone, Fast Elongation Zone and Growth Terminating Zone. Plant Signal Behav 2006; 1:296-304. [PMID: 19517000 PMCID: PMC2634244 DOI: 10.4161/psb.1.6.3511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In the growing apex of Arabidopsis thaliana primary roots, cells proceed through four distinct phases of cellular activities. These zones and their boundaries can be well defined based on their characteristic cellular activities. The meristematic zone comprises, and is limited to, all cells that undergo mitotic divisions. Detailed in vivo analysis of transgenic lines reveals that, in the Columbia-0 ecotype, the meristem stretches up to 200 microm away from the junction between root and root cap (RCJ). In the transition zone, 200 to about 520 microm away from the RCJ, cells undergo physiological changes as they prepare for their fast elongation. Upon entering the transition zone, they progressively develop a central vacuole, polarize the cytoskeleton and remodel their cell walls. Cells grow slowly during this transition: it takes ten hours to triplicate cell length from 8.5 to about 35 microm in the trichoblast cell files. In the fast elongation zone, which covers the zone from 520 to about 850 microm from the RCJ, cell length quadruplicates to about 140 microm in only two hours. This is accompanied by drastic and specific cell wall alterations. Finally, root hairs fully develop in the growth terminating zone, where root cells undergo a minor elongation to reach their mature lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tinne De Cnodder
- University of Antwerp; Biology Department; Groenenborgerlaan, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jie Le
- Purdue University; Agronomy Department; West-Lafayette, Indiana USA
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- University of Antwerp; Biology Department; Groenenborgerlaan, Antwerp, Belgium
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Le J, Mallery EL, Zhang C, Brankle S, Szymanski DB. Arabidopsis BRICK1/HSPC300 Is an Essential WAVE-Complex Subunit that Selectively Stabilizes the Arp2/3 Activator SCAR2. Curr Biol 2006; 16:895-901. [PMID: 16584883 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2006.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Revised: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton dynamically reorganizes the cytoplasm during cell morphogenesis. The actin-related protein (Arp)2/3 complex is a potent nucleator of actin filaments that controls a variety of endomembrane functions including the endocytic internalization of plasma membrane , vacuole biogenesis , plasma-membrane protrusion in crawling cells , and membrane trafficking from the Golgi . Therefore, Arp2/3 is an important signaling target during morphogenesis. The evolutionarily conserved Rac-WAVE-Arp2/3 pathway links actin filament nucleation to cell morphogenesis . WAVE translates Rac-GTP signals into Arp2/3 activation by regulating the stability and/or localization of the activator subunit Scar/WAVE . The WAVE complex includes Sra1/PIR121/CYFIP1, Nap1/NAP125, Abi-1/Abi-2, Brick1(Brk1)/HSPC300, and Scar/WAVE : Defining the in vivo function of each subunit is an important step toward understanding this complicated signaling pathway. Brk1/HSPC300 has been the most recalcitrant WAVE-complex protein and has no known function. In this paper, we report that Arabidopsis brick1 (brk1) is a member of the "distorted group" of trichome morphology mutants, a group that defines a WAVE-ARP2/3 morphogenesis pathway . In this paper we provide the first strong genetic and biochemical evidence that BRK1 is a critical WAVE-complex subunit that selectively stabilizes the Arp2/3 activator SCAR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Le
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, Lilly Hall, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Addo A, Le J, Li W, Aksentijevich I, Balow J, Lee A, Gregersen PK, Kastner DL, Remmers EF. Analysis of CARD15/NOD2 haplotypes fails to identify common variants associated with rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility. Scand J Rheumatol 2005; 34:198-203. [PMID: 16134725 DOI: 10.1080/03009740510018561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The CARD15/NOD2 gene product plays an important role in host response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides and bacterial muramyl dipeptide via activation of NF-kappaB in monocytes. Mutations in CARD15 are associated with Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. In this study we sought to determine whether CD-associated mutations or any common variants of this gene might contribute to susceptibility to another chronic inflammatory disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS We genotyped 376 Caucasian RA cases and 376 ethnically matched healthy controls for three CD-associated CARD15 mutations. We also genotyped these 752 individuals for 12 common CARD15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), determined the linkage disequilibrium structure of the gene, and compared the frequencies of the common CARD15 haplotypes in the RA cases and controls. RESULTS None of the CD-associated mutations or the CARD15 SNPs was associated with susceptibility to RA. We also found no significant difference in the frequencies of any of the common haplotypes of the CARD15 gene in RA patients and controls. Our haplotype analysis was consistent with earlier observations that all three CD-associated variants independently arose on the same ancestral haplotype. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that CARD15 variants are not associated with RA susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Addo
- Genetics and Genomics Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892-0908, USA
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Smets R, Le J, Prinsen E, Verbelen JP, Van Onckelen HA. Cytokinin-induced hypocotyl elongation in light-grown Arabidopsis plants with inhibited ethylene action or indole-3-acetic acid transport. Planta 2005; 221:39-47. [PMID: 15843964 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-004-1421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2004] [Accepted: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins inhibit hypocotyl elongation in darkness but have no obvious effect on hypocotyl length in the light. However, we found that cytokinins do promote hypocotyl elongation in the light when ethylene action is blocked. A 50% increase in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. hypocotyl length was observed in response to N6-benzyladenine (BA) treatment in the presence of Ag+. The level of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid was strongly increased, indicating that ethylene biosynthesis was up-regulated by treatment with cytokinin. Furthermore, the effects of cytokinins on hypocotyl elongation were also tested using a series of mutants in the cascade of the ethylene-signal pathway. In the ethylene-insensitive mutants etr1-3 and ein2-1, cytokinin treatment resulted in hypocotyl lengths comparable to those of wild-type seedlings treated with both Ag+ and BA. A similar phenotypical response to cytokinin was observed when auxin transport was blocked by alpha-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). Applied cytokinin largely restored cell elongation in the basal and middle parts of the hypocotyls of NPA-treated seedlings and at the same time abolished the NPA-induced decrease in indole-3-acetic acid levels. Our data support the hypothesis that, in the light, cytokinins interact with the ethylene-signalling pathway and conditionally up-regulate ethylene and auxin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaël Smets
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
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Basu D, Le J, El-Essal SED, Huang S, Zhang C, Mallery EL, Koliantz G, Staiger CJ, Szymanski DB. DISTORTED3/SCAR2 is a putative arabidopsis WAVE complex subunit that activates the Arp2/3 complex and is required for epidermal morphogenesis. Plant Cell 2005; 17:502-24. [PMID: 15659634 PMCID: PMC548822 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.104.027987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2004] [Accepted: 11/24/2004] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In a plant cell, a subset of actin filaments function as a scaffold that positions the endomembrane system and acts as a substrate on which organelle motility occurs. Other actin filament arrays appear to be more dynamic and reorganize in response to growth signals and external cues. The distorted group of trichome morphology mutants provides powerful genetic tools to study the control of actin filament nucleation in the context of morphogenesis. In this article, we report that DISTORTED3 (DIS3) encodes a plant-specific SCAR/WAVE homolog. Null alleles of DIS3, like those of other Arabidopsis thaliana WAVE and Actin-Related Protein (ARP) 2/3 subunit genes, cause trichome distortion, defects in cell-cell adhesion, and reduced hypocotyl growth in etiolated seedlings. DIS3 efficiently activates the actin filament nucleation and branching activity of vertebrate Arp2/3 and functions within a WAVE-ARP2/3 pathway in vivo. DIS3 may assemble into a WAVE complex via a physical interaction with a highly diverged Arabidopsis Abi-1-like bridging protein. These results demonstrate the utility of the Arabidopsis trichome system to understand how the WAVE and ARP2/3 complexes translate signaling inputs into a coordinated morphogenetic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Basu
- Agronomy Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054, USA
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El-Assal SED, Le J, Basu D, Mallery EL, Szymanski DB. Arabidopsis GNARLED encodes a NAP125 homolog that positively regulates ARP2/3. Curr Biol 2004; 14:1405-9. [PMID: 15296760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2004] [Revised: 06/22/2004] [Accepted: 06/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In migrating cells, the actin filament nucleation activity of ARP2/3 is an essential component of dynamic cell shape change and motility. In response to signals from the small GTPase Rac1, alterations in the composition and/or subcellular localization of the WAVE complex lead to ARP2/3 activation. The human WAVE complex subunit, WAVE1/SCAR1, was first identified in Dictyostelium and is a direct ARP2/3 activator. In the absence of an intact WAVE complex, SCAR/WAVE protein is destabilized. Although the composition of the five-subunit WAVE complex is well characterized, the means by which individual subunits and fully assembled WAVE complexes regulate ARP2/3 in vivo are unclear. The molecular genetics of trichome distortion in Arabidopsis is a powerful system to understand how signaling pathways and ARP2/3 control multicellular development. In this paper we prove that the GNARLED gene encodes a homolog of the WAVE subunit NAP125. Despite the moderate level of amino acid identity between Arabidopsis and human NAP125, both homologs were functionally interchangeable in vivo and interacted physically with the putative Arabidopsis WAVE subunit ATSRA1. gnarled trichomes had nearly identical cell shape and actin cytoskeleton phenotypes when compared to ARP2/3 subunit mutants, suggesting that GRL positively regulates ARP2/3.
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Basu D, El-Assal SED, Le J, Mallery EL, Szymanski DB. Interchangeable functions of Arabidopsis PIROGI and the human WAVE complex subunit SRA1 during leaf epidermal development. Development 2004; 131:4345-55. [PMID: 15294869 DOI: 10.1242/dev.01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The WAVE complex is an essential regulator of actin-related protein (ARP) 2/3-dependent actin filament nucleation and cell shape change in migrating cells. Although the composition of the WAVE complex is well characterized, the cellular mechanisms that control its activity and localization are not well known. The 'distorted group' defines a set of Arabidopsis genes that are required to remodel the actin cytoskeleton and maintain the polarized elongation of branched, hair-like cells termed trichomes. Several loci within this group encode homologs of ARP2/3 subunits. In addition to trichome distortion, ARP2/3 subunit mutants have reduced shoot fresh weight and widespread defects in epidermal cell-cell adhesion. The precise cellular function of plant ARP2/3, and the means by which it is regulated, is not known. In this paper, we report that the 'distorted group' gene PIROGI encodes a homolog of the WAVE complex subunit SRA1. The similar cell shape and actin phenotypes of pir and ARP2/3 complex subunit mutants suggest that PIROGI positively regulates ARP2/3. PIROGI directly interacts with the small GTPase ATROP2 with isoform specificity and with selectivity for active forms of the protein. PIROGI shares only 30% amino acid identity with its human homolog. However, both WAVE subunit homologs are functionally interchangeable and display identical physical interactions with RHO family GTPases and the Arabidopsis homolog of the WAVE complex subunit NAP125. These results demonstrate the utility of the 'distorted group' mutants to study ARP2/3 complex functions from signaling input to cell shape output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Basu
- Agronomy Department, Purdue University, Lilly Hall, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
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Abstract
Arabidopsis trichomes are unicellular, branched structures that have highly constrained requirements for the cytoskeleton. The 'distorted group' genes function downstream from microtubule-based branch initiation, and are required during the actin-dependent phase of polarized stalk and branch expansion. Of the eight known 'distorted group' genes, a subset encode homologs of ARP2/3 complex subunits. In eukaryotic cells, the seven-protein ARP2/3 complex nucleates actin filament networks that push on the plasma membrane and organelles. In plants cells, the existence and function of an ARP2/3 complex is unclear. In this paper, we report that DISTORTED2 (DIS2) encodes a paralogue of the ARP2/3 complex subunit ARPC2. DIS2 has ARPC2 activity, based on its ability to rescue the growth defects of arpc2 (arc35Delta) null yeast cells. Like known ARPC2s, DIS2 physically interacts with ARPC4. Mutations in DIS2 cause a distorted trichome phenotype, defects in cell-cell adhesion, and a modest reduction in shoot FW. The actin cytoskeleton in dis2 trichomes is extensive, but developing branches fail to generate and maintain highly organized cytoplasmic actin bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah El-Din El-Assal
- Agronomy Department, Purdue University, Lilly Hall, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Verbelen
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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Abstract
Plant cells employ the actin cytoskeleton to stably position organelles, as tracks for long distance transport, and to reorganize the cytoplasm in response to developmental and environmental cues. While diverse classes of actin binding proteins have been implicated in growth control, the mechanisms of cytoskeletal reorganization and the cellular functions of specific actin filament arrays are unclear. Arabidopsis trichome morphogenesis includes distinct requirements for the microtubule and actin filament cytoskeletons. It also is a genetically tractable process that is providing new knowledge about cytoskeleton function in plants. The "distorted group" of mutants defines a class of at least eight genes that are required during the actin-dependent phase of trichome growth. Using map-based cloning and a candidate gene approach, we identified mutations in ARP3 (ATARP3) and ARP2 (ATARP2) genes as the cause of the distorted1 (dis1) and wurm (wrm) phenotypes, respectively. ARP2 and ARP3 are components of the evolutionarily conserved ARP2/3 complex that nucleates actin filament polymerization [3]. Mutations in DIS1 and WRM caused severe trichome growth defects but had relatively mild effects on shoot development. DIS1 rescued the phenotype of Deltaarp3 when overexpressed in S. cerevisiae. Developing dis1 trichomes had defects in cytoplasmic actin bundle organization and reduced relative amounts of cytoplasmic actin filaments in developing branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Le
- Agronomy Department, Purdue University, Lily Hall, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA.
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Vandenbussche F, Smalle J, Le J, Saibo NJM, De Paepe A, Chaerle L, Tietz O, Smets R, Laarhoven LJJ, Harren FJM, Van Onckelen H, Palme K, Verbelen JP, Van Der Straeten D. The Arabidopsis mutant alh1 illustrates a cross talk between ethylene and auxin. Plant Physiol 2003; 131:1228-38. [PMID: 12644673 PMCID: PMC166883 DOI: 10.1104/pp.010850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2002] [Revised: 08/02/2002] [Accepted: 11/09/2002] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene or its precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) can stimulate hypocotyl elongation in light-grown Arabidopsis seedlings. A mutant, designated ACC-related long hypocotyl 1 (alh1), that displayed a long hypocotyl in the light in the absence of the hormone was characterized. Etiolated alh1 seedlings overproduced ethylene and had an exaggerated apical hook and a thicker hypocotyl, although no difference in hypocotyl length was observed when compared with wild type. Alh1 plants were less sensitive to ethylene, as reflected by reduction of ACC-mediated inhibition of hypocotyl growth in the dark and delay in flowering and leaf senescence. Alh1 also had an altered response to auxin, whereas auxin levels in whole alh1 seedlings remained unaffected. In contrast to wild type, alh1 seedlings showed a limited hypocotyl elongation when treated with indole-3-acetic acid. Alh1 roots had a faster response to gravity. Furthermore, the hypocotyl elongation of alh1 and of ACC-treated wild type was reverted by auxin transport inhibitors. In addition, auxin up-regulated genes were ectopically expressed in hypocotyls upon ACC treatment, suggesting that the ethylene response is mediated by auxins. Together, these data indicate that alh1 is altered in the cross talk between ethylene and auxins, probably at the level of auxin transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Vandenbussche
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, KL Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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