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Fesneau O, Thevin V, Pinet V, Goldsmith C, Vieille B, M'Homa Soudja S, Lattanzio R, Hahne M, Dardalhon V, Hernandez-Vargas H, Benech N, Marie JC. An intestinal T H17 cell-derived subset can initiate cancer. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1637-1649. [PMID: 39060651 PMCID: PMC11362008 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 25% of cancers are preceded by chronic inflammation that occurs at the site of tumor development. However, whether this multifactorial oncogenic process, which commonly occurs in the intestines, can be initiated by a specific immune cell population is unclear. Here, we show that an intestinal T cell subset, derived from interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing helper T (TH17) cells, induces the spontaneous transformation of the intestinal epithelium. This subset produces inflammatory cytokines, and its tumorigenic potential is not dependent on IL-17 production but on the transcription factors KLF6 and T-BET and interferon-γ. The development of this cell type is inhibited by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) produced by intestinal epithelial cells. TGFβ signaling acts on the pretumorigenic TH17 cell subset, preventing its progression to the tumorigenic stage by inhibiting KLF6-dependent T-BET expression. This study therefore identifies an intestinal T cell subset initiating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fesneau
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM U 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Valentin Thevin
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM U 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Valérie Pinet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Chloe Goldsmith
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM U 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Baptiste Vieille
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM U 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Saïdi M'Homa Soudja
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM U 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michael Hahne
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Dardalhon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Hector Hernandez-Vargas
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM U 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Benech
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM U 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Croix Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Julien C Marie
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM U 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Lyon, France.
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2
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Fabros D, Charerntantanakul W. Type I and II interferons, transcription factors and major histocompatibility complexes were enhanced by knocking down the PRRSV-induced transforming growth factor beta in monocytes co-cultured with peripheral blood lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1308330. [PMID: 38510257 PMCID: PMC10950996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1308330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection are known to be poor. This study investigates the impact of PRRSV-induced transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) on the expressions of type I and II interferons (IFNs), transcription factors, major histocompatibility complexes (MHC), anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines in PRRSV-infected co-cultures of monocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Phosphorothioate-modified antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS ODN) specific to the AUG region of porcine TGFβ1 mRNA was synthesized and successfully knocked down TGFβ1 mRNA expression and protein translation. Monocytes transfected with TGFβAS1 ODN, then simultaneously co-cultured with PBL and inoculated with either classical PRRSV-2 (cPRRSV-2) or highly pathogenic PRRSV-2 (HP-PRRSV-2) showed a significant reduction in TGFβ1 mRNA expression and a significant increase in the mRNA expressions of IFNα, IFNγ, MHC-I, MHC-II, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), and STAT2. Additionally, transfection of TGFβAS1 ODN in the monocyte and PBL co-culture inoculated with cPRRSV-2 significantly increased the mRNA expression of interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40). PRRSV-2 RNA copy numbers were significantly reduced in monocytes and PBL co-culture transfected with TGFβAS1 ODN compared to the untransfected control. The yields of PRRSV-2 RNA copy numbers in PRRSV-2-inoculated monocytes and PBL co-culture were sustained and reduced by porcine TGFβ1 (rTGFβ1) and recombinant porcine IFNα (rIFNα), respectively. These findings highlight the strategy employed by PRRSV to suppress the innate immune response through the induction of TGFβ expression. The inclusion of TGFβ as a parameter for future PRRSV vaccine and vaccine adjuvant candidates is recommended.
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Janho dit Hreich S, Juhel T, Leroy S, Ghinet A, Brau F, Hofman V, Hofman P, Vouret-Craviari V. Activation of the P2RX7/IL-18 pathway in immune cells attenuates lung fibrosis. eLife 2024; 12:RP88138. [PMID: 38300690 PMCID: PMC10945561 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an aggressive interstitial lung disease associated with progressive and irreversible deterioration of respiratory functions that lacks curative therapies. Despite IPF being associated with a dysregulated immune response, current antifibrotics aim only at limiting fibroproliferation. Transcriptomic analyses show that the P2RX7/IL18/IFNG axis is downregulated in IPF patients and that P2RX7 has immunoregulatory functions. Using our positive modulator of P2RX7, we show that activation of the P2RX7/IL-18 axis in immune cells limits lung fibrosis progression in a mouse model by favoring an antifibrotic immune environment, with notably an enhanced IL-18-dependent IFN-γ production by lung T cells leading to a decreased production of IL-17 and TGFβ. Overall, we show the ability of the immune system to limit lung fibrosis progression by targeting the immunomodulator P2RX7. Hence, treatment with a small activator of P2RX7 may represent a promising strategy to help patients with lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thierry Juhel
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCANNiceFrance
| | - Sylvie Leroy
- FHU OncoAgeNiceFrance
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut Pharmacologie Moléculaire et CellulaireSophia-AntipolisFrance
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pneumology DepartmentNiceFrance
| | - Alina Ghinet
- Inserm U995, LIRIC, Université de Lille, CHRU de Lille, Faculté de médecine – Pôle recherche, Place VerdunLilleFrance
- Hautes Etudes d’Ingénieur (HEI), JUNIA Hauts-de-France, UCLille, Laboratoire de chimie durable et santéLilleFrance
- ‘Al. I. Cuza’ University of Iasi, Faculty of ChemistryIasiRomania
| | - Frederic Brau
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut Pharmacologie Moléculaire et CellulaireSophia-AntipolisFrance
| | - Veronique Hofman
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCANNiceFrance
- FHU OncoAgeNiceFrance
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and Biobank, Pasteur HospitalNiceFrance
- Hospital-Related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), Pasteur HospitalNiceFrance
| | - Paul Hofman
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCANNiceFrance
- FHU OncoAgeNiceFrance
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and Biobank, Pasteur HospitalNiceFrance
- Hospital-Related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), Pasteur HospitalNiceFrance
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Alizadeh M, Raj S, Shojadoost B, Matsuyama-Kato A, Boodhoo N, Abdelaziz K, Sharif S. In ovo administration of retinoic acid enhances cell-mediated immune responses against an inactivated H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccine. Vaccine 2023; 41:7281-7289. [PMID: 37923694 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) is a low pathogenic AIV that infects avian species and lead to huge economical losses in the poultry industry. The unique immunomodulatory properties of Retinoic acid (RA), an active component of vitamin A, highlights its potential to enhance chicken's resistance to infectious diseases and perhaps vaccine-induced immunity. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effects of in ovo supplementation of RA on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an inactivated avian influenza virus vaccine. On embryonic day 18, eggs were inoculated with either 90 μmol RA/200 μL/egg or diluent into the amniotic sac. On days 7 and 21 post-hatch, birds were vaccinated with 15 μg of β-propiolactone (BPL) inactivated H9N2 virus via the intramuscular route. One group received BPL in combination with an adjuvant, while the other group received saline solution and served as a non-vaccinated control group. Serum samples were collected on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 post-primary vaccination (ppv) for antibody analysis. On day 24 ppv, spleens were collected, and splenocytes were isolated to analyze cytokine expression, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production, and cell population. On day 28 ppv, birds in all groups were infected with H9N2 virus and oral and cloacal swabs were collected for TCID50 (50 % Tissue Culture Infectious Dose) assay up to day 7 post-infection. The results demonstrated that in ovo administration of RA did not significantly enhance the AIV vaccine-induced antibody response against H9N2 virus compared to the group that received the vaccine alone. However, RA supplementation enhanced the frequency of macrophages (KUL01+), expression of inflammatory cytokines and production of IFN-γ by splenocytes. In addition, RA administration reduced oral shedding of AIV on day 5 post-infection. In conclusion, these findings suggest that RA can be supplemented in ovo to enhance AIV vaccine efficacy against LPAIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Sugandha Raj
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | | | - Ayumi Matsuyama-Kato
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Nitish Boodhoo
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Khaled Abdelaziz
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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5
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Naik A, Dalpatraj N, Thakur N. Comparative analysis of the occupancy of Histone H3 Lysine 4 methylation in the cells treated with TGFβ and Interferonγ. Gene 2023:147601. [PMID: 37394048 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
In this current study, we have compared our H3K4me3 Chip-Sequencing data in PC3 cells in response to 6h and 24h TGFβ stimulation with the IFNγ stimulated/unstimulated HeLa S3 cells Since both TGFβ and IFNγ play an essential role in tumorigenesis both as a tumor promoter and tumor suppressor and known to antagonize each other's signalling, it would be of utmost importance to find out the regions undergoing histone modification changes in response to TGFβ and IFNγ and compare them to explore the genes common to both as well as the specific for each ligand. Our study has compared the genes showing H3K4me3 occupancy in response to both TGFβ and IFNγ. Several genes were found to be shared between the TGFβ and IFNγ. DAVID Functional enrichment analysis in the TGFβ and IFNγ dataset revealed association of genes with different biological processes such as miRNA-mediated gene silencing, positive regulation of ERK cascade, hypoxia-induced apoptosis repression, translational regulation and molecular functions such as TGFβR activity, GPCR activity, TGFβ binding activity. Further analysis of these genes can reveal fascinating insights into epigenetic regulation by growth factor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Naik
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Nidhi Dalpatraj
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Noopur Thakur
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380009, Gujarat, India.
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Giacomelli M, Monti M, Pezzola DC, Lonardi S, Bugatti M, Missale F, Cioncada R, Melocchi L, Giustini V, Villanacci V, Baronchelli C, Manenti S, Imberti L, Giurisato E, Vermi W. Immuno-Contexture and Immune Checkpoint Molecule Expression in Mismatch Repair Proficient Colorectal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3097. [PMID: 37370706 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) represents a lethal disease with heterogeneous outcomes. Only patients with mismatch repair (MMR) deficient CRC showing microsatellite instability and hyper-mutated tumors can obtain clinical benefits from current immune checkpoint blockades; on the other hand, immune- or target-based therapeutic strategies are very limited for subjects with mismatch repair proficient CRC (CRCpMMR). Here, we report a comprehensive typing of immune infiltrating cells in CRCpMMR. We also tested the expression and interferon-γ-modulation of PD-L1/CD274. Relevant findings were subsequently validated by immunohistochemistry on fixed materials. CRCpMMR contain a significantly increased fraction of CD163+ macrophages (TAMs) expressing TREM2 and CD66+ neutrophils (TANs) together with decrease in CD4-CD8-CD3+ double negative T lymphocytes (DNTs); no differences were revealed by the analysis of conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cell populations. A fraction of tumor-infiltrating T-cells displays an exhausted phenotype, co-expressing PD-1 and TIM-3. Remarkably, expression of PD-L1 on fresh tumor cells and TAMs was undetectable even after in vitro stimulation with interferon-γ. These findings confirm the immune suppressive microenvironment of CRCpMMR characterized by dense infiltration of TAMs, occurrence of TANs, lack of DNTs, T-cell exhaustion, and interferon-γ unresponsiveness by host and tumor cells. Appropriate bypass strategies should consider these combinations of immune escape mechanisms in CRCpMMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Giacomelli
- Department of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Matilde Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Diego Cesare Pezzola
- Department of Surgery, Surgery Division II, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Missale
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Head & Neck Oncology & Surgery Otorhinolaryngology, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek-Nederlands Kanker Instituut, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rossella Cioncada
- Department of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Melocchi
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione Poliambulanza, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Viviana Giustini
- CREA Laboratory, AIL Center for Hemato-Oncologic Research, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Villanacci
- Department of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Carla Baronchelli
- Department of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Manenti
- Department of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Imberti
- Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Giurisato
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
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7
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Zhang M, Zhang X. T cells in ocular autoimmune uveitis: Pathways and therapeutic approaches. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109565. [PMID: 36535124 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis is a non-infectious intraocular condition that affects the uveal tract of the eye and threatens vision if not treated properly. Increasing evidence suggests that activated CD4+ T cells are associated with progressive and permanent destruction of photoreceptors in ocular autoimmune diseases. As such, the purpose of this review is to offer an overview of the role of CD4+ T cells in autoimmune uveitis as well as a justification for the current development and assessment of innovative autoimmune uveitis medications targeting CD4+ T cells. With an emphasis on T helper (Th)17, Th1, and Th2 cells, follicular helper CD4+ T cells, and regulatory T cells, this review presents a summary of recent research related to the pathways and signaling that encourage CD4+ T cells to develop into specialized effector cells. We also describe immunotherapeutic approaches based on CD4+ T cell subsets and their potential as therapeutic agents for autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Gauthier T, Chen W. IFN-γ and TGF-β, Crucial Players in Immune Responses: A Tribute to Howard Young. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:643-654. [PMID: 36516375 PMCID: PMC9917322 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), both pleiotropic cytokines, have been long studied and described as critical mediators of the immune response, notably in T cells. One of the investigators who made seminal and critical discoveries in the field of IFN-γ biology is Dr. Howard Young. In this review, we provide an overview of the biology of IFN-γ as well as its role in cancer and autoimmunity with an emphasis on Dr. Young's critical work in the field. We also describe how Dr. Young's work influenced our own research studying the role of TGF-β in the modulation of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Gauthier
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - WanJun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Gorchs L, Oosthoek M, Yucel-Lindberg T, Moro CF, Kaipe H. Chemokine Receptor Expression on T Cells Is Modulated by CAFs and Chemokines Affect the Spatial Distribution of T Cells in Pancreatic Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153826. [PMID: 35954489 PMCID: PMC9367555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The infiltration of T cells in pancreatic tumors has been correlated with better overall survival. However, the dense desmoplastic stroma, mainly composed by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), can sequester the T cells in the stroma preventing them from reaching the tumor nests. Chemokines are small molecules capable of directing T cell migration. Here, we explored whether CAFs could modulate the expression of chemokine receptors on T cells and examined if the spatial distribution of T cells within tumors was correlated to chemokine secretion patterns. Overall, we found that CXCR3 ligands was associated with an increased number of T cells in tumor rich areas and that CAFs downregulated the expression of CXCR3 on T cells. Understanding the mechanisms by which T cells are prevented from reaching the tumor nests is of great importance for the development of novel targeting therapies. Abstract The accumulation of T cells is associated with a better prognosis in pancreatic cancer. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, largely composed by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), can prevent T cells from reaching the tumor nests. We examined how human CAFs modulated chemokine receptors known to be associated with T cell trafficking, CXCR3 and CCR5, and T cell exclusion, CXCR4. CAFs decreased the expression of CXCR3 and CCR5 but increased CXCR4 expression in both 2D and 3D cultures, affecting the migratory capacity of T cells towards CXCL10. An immunohistochemistry analysis showed that very few T cells were found in the tumor nests. Within the stroma, CD8+ T cells were localized more distantly from the malignant cells whereas CD4+ T cells were more equally distributed. Tumor tissues with a high production of chemokines were associated with less T cell infiltration when the whole tissue was analyzed. However, when the spatial localization of CD8+ T cells within the tissue was taken into account, levels of CXCR3 ligands and the CCR5 ligand CCL8 showed a positive association with a high relative T cell infiltration in tumor-rich areas. Thus, CXCR3 ligands could mediate T cell trafficking but CAFs could prevent T cells from reaching the malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Gorchs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (H.K.)
| | - Marlies Oosthoek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Carlos Fernández Moro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 57 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helen Kaipe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (H.K.)
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10
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The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Carcinoma—Recent Findings and Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071670. [PMID: 35884974 PMCID: PMC9312930 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory process plays a significant role in the development of colon cancer (CRC). Intestinal cytokine networks are critical mediators of tissue homeostasis and inflammation but also impact carcinogenesis at all stages of the disease. Recent studies suggest that inflammation is of greater importance in the serrated pathway than in the adenoma-carcinoma pathway. Interleukins have gained the most attention due to their potential role in CRC pathogenesis and promising results of clinical trials. Malignant transformation is associated with the pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic cytokines. The harmony between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors is crucial to maintaining homeostasis. Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment modulate immune sensitivity and facilitate cancer escape from immune surveillance. Therefore, clarifying the role of underlying cytokine pathways and the effects of their modulation may be an important step to improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy.
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11
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Premkumar K, Shankar BS. Identification of EPZ004777 and FG2216 as inhibitors of TGF-β1 induced Treg cells by screening a library of epigenetic compounds. Life Sci 2022; 301:120643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Li Z, Zhang X, Liu C, Ma J. Non-immune Cell Components in the Gastrointestinal Tumor Microenvironment Influencing Tumor Immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:729941. [PMID: 34722510 PMCID: PMC8549829 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.729941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions of genetic susceptibility factors, immune microenvironment, and microbial factors contribute to gastrointestinal tumorigenesis. The suppressive immune microenvironment reshaped by the tumors during gastrointestinal tumorigenesis directly contributes to T-cell depletion in tumor immunotherapy. Soluble factors secreted by tumor cells or stromal cells collectively shape the suppressive immune environment. Here, we reviewed the key factors in the gastrointestinal tumor microenvironment that influence tumor immunotherapy, focusing on the effects of fibroblasts, neuronal cells, soluble cytokines, exosomes, and the microbiome in tumor microenvironment. Research in this field has helped to identify more precise and effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the era of tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshuo Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Changsha, China
| | - Can Liu
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Changsha, China
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13
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Nicknafs F, Ghafouri-Fard S, Omrani MD, Nazer N, Sayad A, Taheri M. Expression analysis of cytokine transcripts in inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2111-2118. [PMID: 34169408 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00771-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathies are a group of peripheral nerve system disorders in which immune reactions are dysregulated. Cytokines have noticeable roles in the regulation of these responses. We compared transcript levels of nine cytokine coding genes namely IL-1B, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IFN-G, TGF-B and TNF-A in the peripheral blood of patients with acute and chronic kinds of this condition (AIDP and CIDP) and healthy persons. Expression of IL-17A was significantly lower in female AIDP cases compared with female controls (Expression Ratio = 0.02, P value = 0.02). Expression of this cytokine was higher in female CIDP cases compared with female AIDP cases (Expression ratio = 65.69, P value = 0.02). Moreover, expression of IL-6 tended to be diminished in female AIDP cases compared with normal females (Expression Ratio = 0.06, P value = 0.05). Expression of TGF-B was lower in female AIDP cases compared with female controls (Expression Ratio = 0.06, P value = 0.01). Transcript amounts of IL-1B were lower in whole CIDP cases compared with whole controls and in female AIDP cases compared with female controls (Expression Ratios = 0.09 and 0.00; P values = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). Expression of this gene was considerably increased in female CIDP cases compared with female AIDP cases (Expression Ratio = 764.10, P value = 0.02). Finally, expression of this gene was lower in total cases compared with total controls (Expression ratio = 0.19, P value = 0.03). Diagnostic power of IL-4 was estimated to be 0.7 in differentiating between CIDP cases and controls. IL-1B had the diagnostic power of 0.72 in distinguishing between ADP cases and controls. Finally, TNF-A had the diagnostic power of 0.71 in differentiating between AIDP cases and CIDP cases. The current results suggest the possible role of these cytokines in the pathogenesis of inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fwad Nicknafs
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naghme Nazer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Sayad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Arvind V, Huang AH. Reparative and Maladaptive Inflammation in Tendon Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:719047. [PMID: 34350166 PMCID: PMC8327090 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.719047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries are common and debilitating, with non-regenerative healing often resulting in chronic disease. While there has been considerable progress in identifying the cellular and molecular regulators of tendon healing, the role of inflammation in tendon healing is less well understood. While inflammation underlies chronic tendinopathy, it also aids debris clearance and signals tissue repair. Here, we highlight recent findings in this area, focusing on the cells and cytokines involved in reparative inflammation. We also discuss findings from other model systems when research in tendon is minimal, and explore recent studies in the treatment of human tendinopathy to glean further insights into the immunobiology of tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Arvind
- Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alice H. Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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15
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de Brito WB, Queiroz MAF, da Silva Graça Amoras E, Lima SS, da Silva Conde SRS, dos Santos EJM, Cayres-Vallinoto IMV, Ishak R, Vallinoto ACR. The TGFB1 -509C/T polymorphism and elevated TGF-β1 levels are associated with chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis. Immunobiology 2020; 225:152002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Gene expression in human liver fibrosis associated with Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:2177-2187. [PMID: 32377911 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a dynamic process that occurs in response to chronic liver disease resulting from factors such as chronic infections, autoimmune reactions, allergic responses, toxins, radiation, and infectious agents. Among the infectious agents, multicellular parasites cause chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Twenty-five patients with different stages of cystic echinococcosis (CE) were enrolled in the study. The expression of ACTA2, COL3A1, IFN-γ, MMP2, MMP9, TGF-β1, and TNF-α genes was determined by qRT-PCR in healthy and fibrotic liver tissue of the CE patients. TGF-β1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and histology was conducted to assess the development of liver fibrosis. Expression of MMP9, ACTA2, COL3A1, and MMP2 was found significantly higher in the fibrotic tissue compared to healthy tissue. We observed a significant correlation between TGF-β1 and TNF-α gene expressions and liver fibrosis. The mRNA level of IFN-γ was lower in the fibrotic than in the healthy hepatic tissue. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed TGF-β1 upregulation in the fibrotic tissue. Histology showed inflammation and fibrosis to be significantly higher in the fibrotic tissue. The findings of this study suggest that Echinococcus granulosussensu lato can promotes fibrosis through the overexpression of TGF-β1, MMP9, ACTA2, COL3A1, and MMP2. The downregulation of IFN-γ mRNA in fibrotic samples is probably due to the increased production of TGF-β1 and the suppression of potential anti-fibrotic role of IFN-γ during advanced liver injury caused by E. granulosussensu lato.
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17
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D'Cruz OJ, Qazi S, Hwang L, Ng K, Trieu V. Impact of targeting transforming growth factor β-2 with antisense OT-101 on the cytokine and chemokine profile in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2779-2796. [PMID: 29785126 PMCID: PMC5957068 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s161905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of the cytokine – transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2) – has been implicated in the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer (PAC). OT-101 (trabedersen) is an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide designed to target the human TGF-β2 mRNA. In a Phase I/II study, OT-101 treatment with subsequent chemotherapy was characterized by outstanding overall survival (OS) in patients with PAC. Objective This study sought to identify 1) co-regulated sets of cyto-/chemokines; 2) potential mechanisms that link TGF-β receptor type 2 receptor inhibition that may result in the induction of a cytokine storm; and 3) predictive biomarkers for OS outcome in OT-101-treated patients with PAC. Materials and methods Plasma levels of 31 cyto-/chemokines were tracked over three cycles of OT-101 therapy (140 mg/m2/day) in 12 PAC patients. Samples were acquired before onset of OT-101 therapy and at eight selected time points during therapy. A mixed ANCOVA model was developed for 19 cyto-/chemokines with median expression >1 following OT-101 therapy. Regression and hierarchical clustering analyses were performed to identify correlated expressions in each patient across cyto-/chemokines or in each cyto-/chemokine across patients. Plasma cyto-/chemokine levels were compared with OS with and without subsequent chemotherapy. Results Three highly correlated subsets of cyto-/chemokines (Cluster 1: EGF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β; Cluster 2: FGF-2, MIG, IP-10, IL-15, IFN-α, IL-12; and Cluster 3: HGF, IL-6, IL-8) were identified following OT-101 therapy. Suppression of TGF-β signaling by OT-101 led to upregulation of IL-8, IL-15, IP-10, and HGF. Protein–protein interaction networks constructed using STRING10 algorithm identified a relationship between IL-8, IL-15, and TGF-β receptor type 2 inhibition. The mixed analysis of covariance model that examined the levels of 19 cyto-/chemokines with OS as the covariate at each of the time points resulted in IL-8 and IL-15 exhibiting a significant association with OS during Cycle 1 of therapy. In the whole-blood culture model, the cytokines with the most pronounced increase after OT-101 treatment were IL-1β, IL-8, and MCP-1. Conclusion No consistent responses in cyto-/chemokine levels were observed due to OT-101 treatment. Levels of IL-8 and IL-15 during Cycle 1 were positively associated with OS across 12 patients with PAC and served as potential biomarkers for treatment outcome following OT-101 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanjive Qazi
- Biology Department, Gustavus Adolphus College, Saint Peter, MN, USA
| | - Larn Hwang
- Autotelic Inc, Costa Mesa, CA, USA.,Oncotelic Inc, Agoura Hills, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Ng
- Autotelic Inc, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
| | - Vuong Trieu
- Autotelic Inc, Costa Mesa, CA, USA.,Oncotelic Inc, Agoura Hills, CA, USA
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18
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Castro F, Cardoso AP, Gonçalves RM, Serre K, Oliveira MJ. Interferon-Gamma at the Crossroads of Tumor Immune Surveillance or Evasion. Front Immunol 2018; 9:847. [PMID: 29780381 PMCID: PMC5945880 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 748] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a pleiotropic molecule with associated antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic and antitumor mechanisms. This effector cytokine, often considered as a major effector of immunity, has been used in the treatment of several diseases, despite its adverse effects. Although broad evidence implicating IFN-γ in tumor immune surveillance, IFN-γ-based therapies undergoing clinical trials have been of limited success. In fact, recent reports suggested that it may also play a protumorigenic role, namely, through IFN-γ signaling insensitivity, downregulation of major histocompatibility complexes, and upregulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and of checkpoint inhibitors, as programmed cell-death ligand 1. However, the IFN-γ-mediated responses are still positively associated with patient's survival in several cancers. Consequently, major research efforts are required to understand the immune contexture in which IFN-γ induces its intricate and highly regulated effects in the tumor microenvironment. This review discusses the current knowledge on the pro- and antitumorigenic effects of IFN-γ as part of the complex immune response to cancer, highlighting the relevance to identify IFN-γ responsive patients for the improvement of therapies that exploit associated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Castro
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Cardoso
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Madeira Gonçalves
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Karine Serre
- IMM – Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Patologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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19
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Wu M, Chen X, Lou J, Zhang S, Zhang X, Huang L, Sun R, Huang P, Wang F, Pan S. TGF-β1 contributes to CD8+ Treg induction through p38 MAPK signaling in ovarian cancer microenvironment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44534-44544. [PMID: 27322208 PMCID: PMC5190116 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to cancer progression and immune evasion. We previously reported that CD8+ Tregs could be induced in vitro by co-culture of CD8+ T cells with the OC cell lines SKOV3/A2780. Here, we described the role of TGF-β1 in CD8+ Treg induction by the OC microenvironment. OC patients expressed high levels of TGF-β1, as did the co-culture supernatant from CD8+ T cells and SKOV3. Additionally, TGF-β1 levels were positively correlated with CD8+ Treg percentages in OC. Neutralization experiments, cytokine studies and proliferation assays revealed that the in vitro-induced CD8+Tregs depended at least partially on up-regulated expression of TGF-β1 to exert their suppressive function. CD8+ T cells cultured with SKOV3 exhibited marked activation of p38 MAPK than CD8+ T cells cultured alone, which could be inhibited by TGF-β1-neutralizing antibody. Moreover, the p38 specific inhibitor SB203580 dose-dependently blocked the TGF-β1 activated conversion of CD8+ T cells into CD8+ Tregs. These data suggested that in vitro-induction of CD8+ Tregs depended in part on TGF-β1 activation of p38 MAPK signaling. Therefore, p38 MAPK could be a therapeutic target in OC anti-tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfang Lou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Children Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruihong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Peijun Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyang Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
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20
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Luo Y, El Naqa I, McShan DL, Ray D, Lohse I, Matuszak MM, Owen D, Jolly S, Lawrence TS, Kong FMS, Ten Haken RK. Unraveling biophysical interactions of radiation pneumonitis in non-small-cell lung cancer via Bayesian network analysis. Radiother Oncol 2017; 123:85-92. [PMID: 28237401 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In non-small-cell lung cancer radiotherapy, radiation pneumonitis≥grade 2 (RP2) depends on patients' dosimetric, clinical, biological and genomic characteristics. METHODS We developed a Bayesian network (BN) approach to explore its potential for interpreting biophysical signaling pathways influencing RP2 from a heterogeneous dataset including single nucleotide polymorphisms, micro RNAs, cytokines, clinical data, and radiation treatment plans before and during the course of radiotherapy. Model building utilized 79 patients (21 with RP2) with complete data, and model testing used 50 additional patients with incomplete data. A developed large-scale Markov blanket approach selected relevant predictors. Resampling by k-fold cross-validation determined the optimal BN structure. Area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC) measured performance. RESULTS Pre- and during-treatment BNs identified biophysical signaling pathways from the patients' relevant variables to RP2 risk. Internal cross-validation for the pre-BN yielded an AUC=0.82 which improved to 0.87 by incorporating during treatment changes. In the testing dataset, the pre- and during AUCs were 0.78 and 0.82, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our developed BN approach successfully handled a high number of heterogeneous variables in a small dataset, demonstrating potential for unraveling relevant biophysical features that could enhance prediction of RP2, although the current observations would require further independent validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Issam El Naqa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Daniel L McShan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Dipankar Ray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Ines Lohse
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Martha M Matuszak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Dawn Owen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Shruti Jolly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | | | - Randall K Ten Haken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.
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21
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Lewis GM, Wehrens EJ, Labarta-Bajo L, Streeck H, Zuniga EI. TGF-β receptor maintains CD4 T helper cell identity during chronic viral infections. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3799-3813. [PMID: 27599295 PMCID: PMC5096797 DOI: 10.1172/jci87041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppression of CD8 and CD4 T cells is a hallmark in chronic viral infections, including hepatitis C and HIV. While multiple pathways are known to inhibit CD8 T cells, the host molecules that restrict CD4 T cell responses are less understood. Here, we used inducible and CD4 T cell-specific deletion of the gene encoding the TGF-β receptor during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in mice, and determined that TGF-β signaling restricted proliferation and terminal differentiation of antiviral CD4 T cells. TGF-β signaling also inhibited a cytotoxic program that includes granzymes and perforin expression at both early and late stages of infection in vivo and repressed the transcription factor eomesodermin. Overexpression of eomesodermin was sufficient to recapitulate in great part the phenotype of TGF-β receptor-deficient CD4 T cells, while SMAD4 was necessary for CD4 T cell accumulation and differentiation. TGF-β signaling also restricted accumulation and differentiation of CD4 T cells and reduced the expression of cytotoxic molecules in mice and humans infected with other persistent viruses. These data uncovered an eomesodermin-driven CD4 T cell program that is continuously suppressed by TGF-β signaling. During chronic viral infection, this program limits CD4 T cell responses while maintaining CD4 T helper cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin M. Lewis
- Division of Biological Sciences, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ellen J. Wehrens
- Division of Biological Sciences, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Hendrik Streeck
- Institute for HIV Research, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elina I. Zuniga
- Division of Biological Sciences, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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22
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Dai MM, Wu H, Li H, Chen J, Chen JY, Hu SL, Shen C. Effects and mechanisms of Geniposide on rats with adjuvant arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 20:46-53. [PMID: 24583144 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Geniposide (GE), an iridoid glycoside compound, is the major active ingredient of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (GJ) fruit which has anti-inflammatory and other important therapeutic activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GE on adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats and its possible mechanisms. AA was induced by injecting with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Male SD rats were subjected to treatment with GE at 30, 60 and 120mg/kg from days 18 to 24 after immunization. Lymphocyte proliferation was assessed by MTT. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, IL-4 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) were determined by ELISA. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and phospho-JNK (p-JNK) were detected by Western blot. GE (60, 120mg/kg) significantly relieved the secondary hind paw swelling and arthritis index, along with decreased Th17-cells cytokines and increased Treg-cell cytokines in mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes (MLNL) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of AA rats. In addition, GE decreased the expression of p-JNK in MLNL and PBL of AA rats. In vivo study, it was also observed that GE attenuated histopathologic changes of MLN in AA rats. Collectively, GE might exert its anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects through inducing Th17 cell immune tolerance and enhancing Treg cell-mediated activities by down-regulating the expression of p-JNK. The mechanisms of GE on JNK signaling in MLNL and PBL may play critical roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hong Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Hui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jin-Yun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shun-Li Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chen Shen
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
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23
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Dendritic cell-lymphocyte cross talk downregulates host restriction factor SAMHD1 and stimulates HIV-1 replication in dendritic cells. J Virol 2014; 88:5109-21. [PMID: 24574390 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03057-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in dendritic cells (DCs) is restricted by SAMHD1. This factor is counteracted by the viral protein Vpx; Vpx is found in HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) from sooty mangabeys (SIVsm) or from macaques (SIVmac) but is absent from HIV-1. We previously observed that HIV-1 replication in immature DCs is stimulated by cocultivation with primary T and B lymphocytes, suggesting that HIV-1 restriction in DCs may be overcome under coculture conditions. Here, we aimed to decipher the mechanism of SAMHD1-mediated restriction in DC-lymphocyte coculture. We found that coculture with lymphocytes downregulated SAMHD1 expression and was associated with increased HIV-1 replication in DCs. Moreover, in infected DC-T lymphocyte cocultures, DCs acquired maturation status and secreted type 1 interferon (alpha interferon [IFN-α]). The blockade of DC-lymphocyte cross talk by anti-ICAM-1 antibody markedly inhibited the stimulation of HIV-1 replication and prevented the downregulation of SAMHD1 expression in cocultured DCs. These results demonstrate that, in contrast to purified DCs, cross talk with lymphocytes downregulates SAMHD1 expression in DCs, triggering HIV-1 replication and an antiviral immune response. Therefore, HIV-1 replication and immune sensing by DCs should be investigated in more physiologically relevant models of DC/lymphocyte coculture. IMPORTANCE SAMHD1 restricts HIV-1 replication in dendritic cells (DCs). Here, we demonstrate that, in a coculture model of DCs and lymphocytes mimicking early mucosal HIV-1 infection, stimulation of HIV-1 replication in DCs is associated with downregulation of SAMHD1 expression and activation of innate immune sensing by DCs. We propose that DC-lymphocyte cross talk occurring in vivo modulates host restriction factor SAMHD1, promoting HIV-1 replication in cellular reservoirs and stimulating immune sensing.
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Yoon JH, Jung SM, Park SH, Kato M, Yamashita T, Lee IK, Sudo K, Nakae S, Han JS, Kim OH, Oh BC, Sumida T, Kuroda M, Ju JH, Jung KC, Park SH, Kim DK, Mamura M. Activin receptor-like kinase5 inhibition suppresses mouse melanoma by ubiquitin degradation of Smad4, thereby derepressing eomesodermin in cytotoxic T lymphocytes. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:1720-39. [PMID: 24127404 PMCID: PMC3840488 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201302524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Varieties of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) antagonists have been developed to intervene with excessive TGF-β signalling activity in cancer. Activin receptor-like kinase5 (ALK5) inhibitors antagonize TGF-β signalling by blocking TGF-β receptor-activated Smad (R-Smad) phosphorylation. Here we report the novel mechanisms how ALK5 inhibitors exert a therapeutic effect on a mouse B16 melanoma model. Oral treatment with a novel ALK5 inhibitor, EW-7197 (2.5 mg/kg daily) or a representative ALK5 inhibitor, LY-2157299 (75 mg/kg bid) suppressed the progression of melanoma with enhanced cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Notably, ALK5 inhibitors not only blocked R-Smad phosphorylation, but also induced ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the common Smad, Smad4 mainly in CD8+ T cells in melanoma-bearing mice. Accordingly, T-cell-specific deletion of Smad4 was sufficient to suppress the progression of melanoma. We further identified eomesodermin (Eomes), the T-box transcription factor regulating CTL functions, as a specific target repressed by TGF-β via Smad4 and Smad3 in CD8+ T cells. Thus, ALK5 inhibition enhances anti-melanoma CTL responses through ubiquitin-mediated degradation of Smad4 in addition to the direct inhibitory effect on R-Smad phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Microbiology, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Scutellaria extract and wogonin inhibit tumor-mediated induction of T(reg) cells via inhibition of TGF-β1 activity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 61:701-11. [PMID: 22057676 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have implicated tumor-induced T(reg) cell activity in the sub-optimal response to therapeutic vaccines. Development of neo-adjuvant strategies targeting T(reg) cells is therefore imperative. Scutellaria extracts or constituent flavonoids have shown encouraging efficacy against various tumors, including gliomas, in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. We report here, for the first time, that Scutellaria ocmulgee leaf extract (SocL) and flavonoid wogonin could inhibit TGF-β1-induced T(reg) activity in malignant gliomas. F344 rats, subcutaneously transplanted with F98 gliomas, were treated with SocL. There was a significant inhibition of intra-tumoral TGF-β1 and T(reg) cell frequency as well as peripheral blood TGF-β1 levels in SocL-treated animals compared to the controls. SocL extract and wogonin also inhibited glioma-induced, TGF-β1-mediated T(reg) activity in vitro. SocL extract and wogonin also inhibited the secretion of IL-10 in T(reg) culture; whereas the level of IL-2 was either unchanged or marginally enhanced. We also observed an inhibition of Smad-3, GSK-3β and ERK1/2 signaling by SocL and wogonin in T(reg) cells, while phosphorylation of P38 MAPK was considerably enhanced, indicating that SocL or wogonin could inhibit the T cells' response to TGF-β1 via modulation of both Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways. Overall, this study suggests that Scutellaria can potentially reverse tumor-mediated immune suppression via inhibition of TGF-β1 secretion as well as via inhibition of T cells' response to TGF-β1. This may provide an opportunity for developing a novel adjuvant therapeutic strategy for malignant gliomas, combining Scutellaria with immunotherapy and chemo/radio-therapeutic regimen, which could potentially improve the disease outcome.
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26
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Olivares J, Kumar P, Yu Y, Maples PB, Senzer N, Bedell C, Barve M, Tong A, Pappen BO, Kuhn J, Magee M, Wallraven G, Nemunaitis J. Phase I trial of TGF-beta 2 antisense GM-CSF gene-modified autologous tumor cell (TAG) vaccine. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:183-92. [PMID: 21208907 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE On the basis of the hypothesis that the combined expression of immunostimulatory granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and antitumor suppressor TGF-β2 antisense (AS) transgenes can break tolerance and stimulate immune responses to cancer-associated antigens, we constructed an expression plasmid [the tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG) plasmid] that coexpresses GM-CSF and TGF-β2 AS nucleotide sequences and which was incorporated into an autologous whole-cell vaccine. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients undergoing resection were enrolled. Freshly harvested autologous tumor cells were mechanically and enzymatically disaggregated, then electroporated with the TAG vector. The resulting vaccine was irradiated, then aliquoted and cryopreserved until the time of injection. Patients received a minimum of 5 to a maximum of 12 monthly intradermal injections. Immune function was monitored at baseline and at months 3 and 6. RESULTS Vaccine manufacturing efficiency was 84% (32/38). Twenty-three patients received at least 1 vaccination. There were no grade 3 or 4 toxicities, and grade 1 and 2 events were local in nature. Seventeen of 21 patients had stable disease (SD) at month 2 or later as their best response, and 1 patient with stage IVa malignant melanoma achieved a complete response (CR) following 11 vaccinations and remains without evidence of disease 2 years following initiation of therapy. Six of 13 patients displayed a positive enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) response to autologous TAG vaccine at week 12 including 3 patients with prolonged SD or CR. The 3 other patients survived through week 24, as compared with none of the 7 ELISPOT-negative patients. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of safety and clinical and immunologic results, further evaluation of bifunctional vaccines is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo Olivares
- Mary Crowley Cancer Research Centers, Dallas, Texas, USA
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27
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Kaminski S, Hermann-Kleiter N, Meisel M, Thuille N, Cronin S, Hara H, Fresser F, Penninger JM, Baier G. Coronin 1A is an essential regulator of the TGFβ receptor/SMAD3 signaling pathway in Th17 CD4(+) T cells. J Autoimmun 2011; 37:198-208. [PMID: 21700422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) plays a central role in maintaining immune homeostasis by regulating the initiation and termination of immune responses and thus preventing the development of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we describe an essential mechanism by which the actin regulatory protein Coronin 1A (Coro1A) ensures the proper response of Th17 CD4(+) T cells to TGFβ. Coro1A has been established as a key player in T cell survival, migration, activation, and Ca(2+) regulation in naive T cells. We show that mice lacking Coro1a developed less severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Unexpectedly, upon the re-induction of EAE, Coro1a(-/-) mice exhibited enhanced EAE signs that correlated with increased numbers of IL-17 producing CD4(+) cells in the central nervous system (CNS) compared to wild-type mice. In vitro differentiated Coro1a(-/-) Th17 CD4(+) T cells consistently produced more IL-17 than wild-type cells and displayed a Th17/Th1-like phenotype in regard to the expression of the Th1 markers T-bet and IFNγ. Mechanistically, the Coro1a(-/-) Th17 cell phenotype correlated with a severe defect in TGFβR-mediated SMAD3 activation. Taken together, these data provide experimental evidence of a non-redundant role of Coro1A in the regulation of Th17 CD4(+) cell effector functions and, subsequently, in the development of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kaminski
- Experimental Cell Genetics, Department for Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
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28
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Zhu J, Paul WE. Peripheral CD4+ T-cell differentiation regulated by networks of cytokines and transcription factors. Immunol Rev 2011; 238:247-62. [PMID: 20969597 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2010.00951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells, also known as T-helper (Th) cells, play an important role in orchestrating adaptive immune responses to various infectious agents. They are also involved in the induction of autoimmune and allergic diseases. Upon T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated cell activation, naive CD4(+) T cells can differentiate into at least four major lineages, Th1, Th2, Th17, and iTreg cells, that participate in different types of immune responses. Networks of cytokines and transcription factors are critical for determining CD4(+) T-cell fates and effector cytokine production. Here, we review collaboration and cross-regulation between various essential cytokines in the activation/induction of key transcription factors during the process of Th cell differentiation towards these distinct lineages. We also discuss the interactions of key transcription factors at both genetic and protein levels and the function of the resulting network(s) in regulating the expression of effector cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892, USA.
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29
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Lu L, Wang J, Zhang F, Chai Y, Brand D, Wang X, Horwitz DA, Shi W, Zheng SG. Role of SMAD and non-SMAD signals in the development of Th17 and regulatory T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:4295-306. [PMID: 20304828 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Whereas TGF-beta is essential for the development of peripherally induced Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (iTreg cells) and Th17 cells, the intracellular signaling mechanism by which TGF-beta regulates development of both cell subsets is less understood. In this study, we report that neither Smad2 nor Smad3 gene deficiency abrogates TGF-beta-dependent iTreg induction by a deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A in vivo, although the loss of the Smad2 or Smad3 gene partially reduces iTreg induction in vitro. Similarly, SMAD2 and SMAD3 have a redundant role in development of Th17 in vitro and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In addition, ERK and/or JNK pathways were shown to be involved in regulating iTreg cells, whereas the p38 pathway predominately modulated Th17 and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction. Therefore, selective targeting of these intracellular TGF-beta signaling pathways during iTreg and Th17 cell development might lead to the development of therapies in treating autoimmune and other chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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30
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Doisne JM, Bartholin L, Yan KP, Garcia CN, Duarte N, Le Luduec JB, Vincent D, Cyprian F, Horvat B, Martel S, Rimokh R, Losson R, Benlagha K, Marie JC. iNKT cell development is orchestrated by different branches of TGF-beta signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:1365-78. [PMID: 19451264 PMCID: PMC2715067 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20090127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells constitute a distinct subset of T lymphocytes exhibiting important immune-regulatory functions. Although various steps of their differentiation have been well characterized, the factors controlling their development remain poorly documented. Here, we show that TGF-beta controls the differentiation program of iNKT cells. We demonstrate that TGF-beta signaling carefully and specifically orchestrates several steps of iNKT cell development. In vivo, this multifaceted role of TGF-beta involves the concerted action of different pathways of TGF-beta signaling. Whereas the Tif-1gamma branch controls lineage expansion, the Smad4 branch maintains the maturation stage that is initially repressed by a Tif-1gamma/Smad4-independent branch. Thus, these three different branches of TGF-beta signaling function in concert as complementary effectors, allowing TGF-beta to fine tune the iNKT cell differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Doisne
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U561/Groupe AVENIR, Hôpital Cochin St Vincent de Paul, Université Descartes, Paris F-75014, France
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31
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MAPK ERK signaling regulates the TGF-beta1-dependent mosquito response to Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5:e1000366. [PMID: 19343212 PMCID: PMC2658807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is caused by infection with intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus Plasmodium that are transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Although a variety of anti-parasite effector genes have been identified in anopheline mosquitoes, little is known about the signaling pathways that regulate these responses during parasite development. Here we demonstrate that the MEK-ERK signaling pathway in Anopheles is controlled by ingested human TGF-beta1 and finely tunes mosquito innate immunity to parasite infection. Specifically, MEK-ERK signaling was dose-dependently induced in response to TGF-beta1 in immortalized cells in vitro and in the A. stephensi midgut epithelium in vivo. At the highest treatment dose of TGF-beta1, inhibition of ERK phosphorylation increased TGF-beta1-induced expression of the anti-parasite effector gene nitric oxide synthase (NOS), suggesting that increasing levels of ERK activation negatively feed back on induced NOS expression. At infection levels similar to those found in nature, inhibition of ERK activation reduced P. falciparum oocyst loads and infection prevalence in A. stephensi and enhanced TGF-beta1-mediated control of P. falciparum development. Taken together, our data demonstrate that malaria parasite development in the mosquito is regulated by a conserved MAPK signaling pathway that mediates the effects of an ingested cytokine.
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32
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Grayfer L, Belosevic M. Molecular characterization, expression and functional analysis of goldfish (Carassius aurutus L.) interferon gamma. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 33:235-246. [PMID: 18831986 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2008] [Revised: 08/30/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report on the characterization and functional analysis of IFNgamma of the goldfish. Quantitative analysis indicated the highest expression of goldfish IFNgamma in the spleen, with lower expressions in brain, gill, kidney, heart, intestine and muscle. An increase in IFNgamma expression was observed in kidney leukocytes following stimulation with PHA, PolyI:C and during mixed leukocyte reaction. IFNgamma was expressed in different goldfish immune cell populations and this expression was upregulated in several of these populations following treatment of cells with recombinant goldfish TNFalpha-2. A recombinant form of goldfish IFNgamma (rgIFNgamma) was produced and functionally analyzed. The rgIFNgamma primed goldfish macrophages and neutrophils for enhanced respiratory burst responses and increased the phagocytic and nitric oxide responses of macrophages. Furthermore, treatment of goldfish macrophages with rgIFNgamma induced increased expression of several proinflammatory genes including TNFalpha-1, TNFalpha-2, IL-beta-1, IL-beta-2, IL-12-p35, IL-12-p40, RSAD-2 (=viparin), CXCL-8 (=IL-8), CCL-1, iNOS A and B and IFNgamma, and decreased the expression of TLR-3, while the expression of TGFbeta remained unchanged. Our results indicate that IFNgamma is a central proinflammatory cytokine of teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Grayfer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Abstract
Endometrial cytokine expression is poorly understood. T-Bet and GATA-3 regulate cytokine expression in T-lymphocytes. Previous work has demonstrated expression of T-Bet in human endometrium. Changes in human endometrial T-Bet and GATA-3 mRNA and protein expression during the normal menstrual cycle were characterized. Human endometrium from each phase of the menstrual cycle underwent real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry to examine expression and localization. T-Bet and GATA-3 mRNA were increased in the late secretory phase. Progesterone receptor (PR) mRNA was increased during the proliferative and early secretory phases. T-Bet and GATA-3 proteins localized cytoplasmically in the late secretory phase. PR protein displayed nuclear localization and maximal immunostaining during the early secretory phase. T-Bet and GATA-3 are expressed in endometrial epithelium cyclically during the menstrual cycle. T-Bet and GATA-3 are both upregulated during the late secretory phase and in the same cell types. The expression patterns of T-Bet and GATA-3 oppose PR, suggesting antagonistic function and/or regulation between PR and T-Bet/GATA-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Inman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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