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Cizmecioglu A, Eryavuz Onmaz D, Senturk S, Askin D, Unlu A, Korkmaz H, Gungor G. Understanding pain in acute pancreatitis: A focus on kynurenine pathway dynamics. Neurosci Lett 2024:137902. [PMID: 39029612 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM Tryptophan (TRP), an essential amino acid, undergoes catabolism through various pathways. Notably, the kynurenine pathway (KP), constituting one of these pathways, exhibits a unidirectional impact on immune response and energy metabolism. Nonetheless, its influence on pain sensation is characterized by biphasic dynamics. This study aims to scrutinize the influence of the KP pathway on pain sensation particularly within the context of pancreatic inflammation. METHODS Our prospective case-control study involved individuals diagnosed with acute pancreatitis and a control group matched for gender and age. The patient cohort was subsequently subdivided into severe and non-severe subgroups. To assess metabolites within KP, two blood samples were collected from the patient cohort, one at the time of diagnosis and another during the recovery phase. Furthermore, for pain quantification, daily pain scores utilizing the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were extracted from the patients' medical records. RESULTS The study incorporated 30 patients along with an equivalent number of controls. A noticeable distinction was evident between the patient and control groups, characterized by an increase in kynurenine levels and a decrease in the tryptophan/kynurenine ratio. Throughout the process of disease recovery, a uniform decrease was observed in all KP metabolites, excluding 3-Hydroxykynurenine. Elevated levels of Kynurenic acid (KYNA) were correlated with increased pain scores. Critically, no apparent distinctions in KP metabolites were discerned concerning pain severity in patients with comorbidities characterized by neural involvement. CONCLUSION Based on our results, the kynurenine pathway (KP) is activated in instances of acute pancreatitis. Elevated levels of KYNA were found to be associated with heightened pain scores. The operative stages within the KP responsible for pain modulation are impaired in cases characterized by neuropathy-induced pain sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Cizmecioglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkiye.
| | - Duygu Eryavuz Onmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkiye.
| | - Suleyman Senturk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkiye.
| | - Dudu Askin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Alanya Sifa Private Medical Center, Antalya, Turkiye.
| | - Ali Unlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkiye.
| | - Huseyin Korkmaz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkiye.
| | - Gokhan Gungor
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkiye.
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Stone TW, Williams RO. Modulation of T cells by tryptophan metabolites in the kynurenine pathway. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:442-456. [PMID: 37248103 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocytes maturing in the thymus (T cells) are key factors in adaptive immunity and the regulation of inflammation. The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism includes several enzymes and compounds that can modulate T cell function, but manipulating these pharmacologically has not achieved the expected therapeutic activity for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and cancer. With increasing knowledge of other pathways interacting with kynurenines, the expansion of screening methods, and the application of virtual techniques to understanding enzyme structures and mechanisms, details of interactions between kynurenines and other pathways are being revealed. This review surveys some of these alternative approaches to influence T cell function indirectly via the kynurenine pathway and summarizes the most recent work on the development of compounds acting directly on the kynurenine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W Stone
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Richard O Williams
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK.
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3
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Sadee W, Cheeseman IH, Papp A, Pietrzak M, Seweryn M, Zhou X, Lin S, Williams AM, Wewers MD, Curry HM, Zhang H, Cai H, Kunsevi-Kilola C, Tshivhula H, Walzl G, Restrepo BI, Kleynhans L, Ronacher K, Wang Y, Arnett E, Azad AK, Schlesinger LS. Human alveolar macrophage response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: immune characteristics underlying large inter-individual variability. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2986649. [PMID: 37333188 PMCID: PMC10275041 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2986649/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the causative bacterium of tuberculosis (TB), establishes residence and grows in human alveolar macrophages (AMs). Inter-individual variation in M.tb-human AM interactions can indicate TB risk and the efficacy of therapies and vaccines; however, we currently lack an understanding of the gene and protein expression programs that dictate this variation in the lungs. Results Herein, we systematically analyze interactions of a virulent M.tb strain H37Rv with freshly isolated human AMs from 28 healthy adult donors, measuring host RNA expression and secreted candidate proteins associated with TB pathogenesis over 72h. A large set of genes possessing highly variable inter-individual expression levels are differentially expressed in response to M.tb infection. Eigengene modules link M.tb growth rate with host transcriptional and protein profiles at 24 and 72h. Systems analysis of differential RNA and protein expression identifies a robust network with IL1B, STAT1, and IDO1 as hub genes associated with M.tb growth. RNA time profiles document stimulation towards an M1-type macrophage gene expression followed by emergence of an M2-type profile. Finally, we replicate these results in a cohort from a TB-endemic region, finding a substantial portion of significant differentially expressed genes overlapping between studies. Conclusions We observe large inter-individual differences in bacterial uptake and growth, with tenfold variation in M.tb load by 72h.The fine-scale resolution of this work enables the identification of genes and gene networks associated with early M.tb growth dynamics in defined donor clusters, an important step in developing potential biological indicators of individual susceptibility to M.tb infection and response to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hong Cai
- University of Texas at San Antonio
| | | | | | | | - Blanca I Restrepo
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute
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Roszkowski L, Jaszczyk B, Plebańczyk M, Ciechomska M. S100A8 and S100A12 Proteins as Biomarkers of High Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis That Can Be Regulated by Epigenetic Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010710. [PMID: 36614150 PMCID: PMC9820830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease that is still not well understood in terms of its pathogenesis and presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Monocytes are key players in initiating and maintaining inflammation through the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and S100 proteins in RA. This study aimed to test a specific DNA methylation inhibitor (RG108) and activator (budesonide) in the regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators-especially the S100 proteins. We also searched for new biomarkers of high disease activity in RA patients. RNA sequencing analysis of healthy controls (HCs) and RA monocytes was performed. Genes such as the S100 family, TNF, and IL-8 were validated by qRT-PCR following DNA-methylation-targeted drug treatment in a monocytic THP-1 cell line. The concentrations of the S100A8, S100A11, and S100A12 proteins in the sera and synovial fluids of RA patients were tested and correlated with clinical parameters. We demonstrated that RA monocytes had significantly increased levels of S100A8, S100A9, S100A11, S100A12, MYD88, JAK3, and IQGAP1 and decreased levels of IL10RA and TGIF1 transcripts. In addition, stimulation of THP-1 cells with budesonide statistically reduced the expression of the S100 family, IL-8, and TNF genes. In contrast, THP-1 cells treated with RG108 had increased levels of the S100 family and TNF genes. We also revealed a significant upregulation of S100A8, S100A11, and S100A12 in RA patients, especially in early RA compared to HC sera. In addition, protein levels of S100A8, S100A11, and S100A12 in RA synovial fluids compared to HC sera were significantly increased. Overall, our data suggest that the S100A8 and S100A12 proteins are strongly elevated during ongoing inflammation, so they could be used as a better biomarker of disease activity than CRP. Interestingly, epigenetic drugs can regulate these S100 proteins, suggesting their potential use in targeting RA inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Roszkowski
- Department of Outpatient Clinics, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Jaszczyk
- Department of Outpatient Clinics, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Plebańczyk
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Ciechomska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-670-95-63
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Zhang S, Meng Y, Zhou L, Qiu L, Wang H, Su D, Zhang B, Chan K, Han J. Targeting epigenetic regulators for inflammation: Mechanisms and intervention therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e173. [PMID: 36176733 PMCID: PMC9477794 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that resolution of inflammation is a critical and dynamic endogenous process for host tissues defending against external invasive pathogens or internal tissue injury. It has long been known that autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders are characterized by dysregulated immune responses, leading to excessive and uncontrol tissue inflammation. The dysregulation of epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications to histone proteins, and noncoding RNA expression has been implicated in a host of inflammatory disorders and the immune system. The inflammatory response is considered as a critical trigger of epigenetic alterations that in turn intercede inflammatory actions. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanism that dictates the outcome of targeting epigenetic regulators for inflammatory disease is required for inflammation resolution. In this article, we elucidate the critical role of the nuclear factor‐κB signaling pathway, JAK/STAT signaling pathway, and the NLRP3 inflammasome in chronic inflammatory diseases. And we formulate the relationship between inflammation, coronavirus disease 2019, and human cancers. Additionally, we review the mechanism of epigenetic modifications involved in inflammation and innate immune cells. All that matters is that we propose and discuss the rejuvenation potential of interventions that target epigenetic regulators and regulatory mechanisms for chronic inflammation‐associated diseases to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yang Meng
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lian Zhou
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lei Qiu
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Heping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Dan Su
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Kui‐Ming Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Junhong Han
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
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Chen S, Xie P, Cowan M, Huang H, Cardenas H, Keathley R, Tanner EJ, Fleming GF, Moroney JW, Pant A, Akasha AM, Davuluri RV, Kocherginsky M, Zhang B, Matei D. Epigenetic priming enhances antitumor immunity in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e158800. [PMID: 35671108 PMCID: PMC9282926 DOI: 10.1172/jci158800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have modest activity in ovarian cancer (OC). To augment their activity, we used priming with the hypomethylating agent guadecitabine in a phase II study.MethodsEligible patients had platinum-resistant OC, normal organ function, measurable disease, and received up to 5 prior regimens. The treatment included guadecitabine (30 mg/m2) on days 1-4, and pembrolizumab (200 mg i.v.) on day 5, every 21 days. The primary endpoint was the response rate. Tumor biopsies, plasma, and PBMCs were obtained at baseline and after treatment.ResultsAmong 35 evaluable patients, 3 patients had partial responses (8.6%), and 8 (22.9%) patients had stable disease, resulting in a clinical benefit rate of 31.4% (95% CI: 16.9%-49.3%). The median duration of clinical benefit was 6.8 months. Long-interspersed element 1 (LINE1) was hypomethylated in post-treatment PBMCs, and methylomic and transcriptomic analyses showed activation of antitumor immunity in post-treatment biopsies. High-dimensional immune profiling of PBMCs showed a higher frequency of naive and/or central memory CD4+ T cells and of classical monocytes in patients with a durable clinical benefit or response (CBR). A higher baseline density of CD8+ T cells and CD20+ B cells and the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures in tumors were associated with a durable CBR.ConclusionEpigenetic priming using a hypomethylating agent with an ICI was feasible and resulted in a durable clinical benefit associated with immune responses in selected patients with recurrent OC.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02901899.FundingUS Army Medical Research and Material Command/Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (USAMRMC/CDMRP) grant W81XWH-17-0141; the Diana Princess of Wales Endowed Professorship and LCCTRAC funds from the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center; Walter S. and Lucienne Driskill Immunotherapy Research funds; Astex Pharmaceuticals; Merck & Co.; National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH grants CCSG P30 CA060553, CCSG P30 CA060553, and CA060553.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Chen
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division
| | | | - Hao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | | | - Russell Keathley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Driskill Graduate Training Program in Life Sciences, and
| | - Edward J. Tanner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gini F. Fleming
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John W. Moroney
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alok Pant
- Northwestern Medicine, Lake Forest Hospital, Lake Forest, Illinois, USA
| | - Azza M. Akasha
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ramana V. Davuluri
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Masha Kocherginsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniela Matei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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7
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Mechanism of miR-760 Reversing Lung Cancer Immune Escape by Downregulating IDO1 and Eliminating Regulatory T Cells Based on Mathematical Biology. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2960773. [PMID: 35872931 PMCID: PMC9303114 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2960773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In cancer biology, mathematical models have become indispensable. They are useful for gaining a mechanistic grasp of cancer's dynamic processes. In cancer research, mathematical modelling approaches are becoming more common. The complexity of cancer is well suited to quantitative approaches as it provides challenges and opportunities for new developments (Altrock et al., 2015). Background. MicroRNA-760 (miR-760), as an early discovered tumor suppressor gene, is poorly expressed in lung cancer (LC). Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), as an important regulator of T cell function, is active in immune tolerance. We discovered that miR-760 has a targeted relationship with IDO1, but the regulatory mechanism between miR-760 and IDO1 is still unclear. Method. The miR-760 and IDO1 levels in NSCLC were tested via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting (WB). Cell growth was tested by CCK8, and NSCLC cell migration and invasion were analyzed through Transwell analysis. The binding conditions and target gene of miR-451 in NSCLC cells were determined via double luciferase reporter gene. The CD8+ T and CD4+ T cell ratio in CD45+cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Results. qRT-PCR revealed that miR-760 was low-expressed and IDO2 was highly expressed in LC. miR-760 mimics suppressed cell growth, invasiveness, and migration. We also observed that miR-760 could downregulate the IDO1 protein level. Significantly, we revealed that miR-760 could inhibit CD8+ T cell apoptosis by controlling IDO1 enzyme function. Conclusion. Our findings show that miR-760 inhibits CD8+ T cell responses in LC through regulating IDO1, laying the groundwork for the development of novel vaccination therapies for the treatment of LC.
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8
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Salminen A. Role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and kynurenine pathway in the regulation of the aging process. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 75:101573. [PMID: 35085834 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is activated in chronic inflammatory states, e.g., in the aging process and age-related diseases. IDO1 enzyme catabolizes L-tryptophan (L-Trp) into kynurenine (KYN) thus stimulating the KYN pathway. The depletion of L-Trp inhibits the proliferation of immune cells in inflamed tissues and it also reduces serotonin synthesis predisposing to psychiatric disorders. Interestingly, IDO1 protein contains two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM) which trigger suppressive signaling through the binding of PI3K p110 and SHP-1 proteins. This immunosuppressive activity is not dependent on the catalytic activity of IDO1. KYN and its metabolite, kynurenic acid (KYNA), are potent activators of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) which can enhance immunosuppression. IDO1-KYN-AhR signaling counteracts excessive pro-inflammatory responses in acute inflammation but in chronic inflammatory states it has many harmful effects. A chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with the aging process, a state called inflammaging. There is substantial evidence that the activation of the IDO1-KYN-AhR pathway robustly increases with the aging process. The activation of IDO1-KYN-AhR signaling does not only suppress the functions of effector immune cells, probably promoting immunosenescence, but it also impairs autophagy, induces cellular senescence, and remodels the extracellular matrix as well as enhancing the development of osteoporosis and vascular diseases. I will review the function of IDO1-KYN-AhR signaling and discuss its activation with aging as an enhancer of the aging process.
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9
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Huang YS, Tseng WY, Clanchy FIL, Topping LM, Ogbechi J, McNamee K, Perocheau D, Chiang NY, Ericsson P, Sundstedt A, Xue ZT, Salford LG, Sjögren HO, Stone TW, Lin HH, Luo SF, Williams RO. Pharmacological modulation of T cell immunity results in long-term remission of autoimmune arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2100939118. [PMID: 33941676 PMCID: PMC8126779 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100939118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis are characterized by a deficit in fully functional regulatory T cells. DNA-methylation inhibitors have previously been shown to promote regulatory T cell responses and, in the present study, we evaluated their potential to ameliorate chronic and acute animal models of rheumatoid arthritis. Of the drugs tested, decitabine was the most effective, producing a sustained therapeutic effect that was dependent on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and was associated with expansion of induced regulatory T cells, particularly at the site of disease activity. Treatment with decitabine also caused apoptosis of Th1 and Th17 cells in active arthritis in a highly selective manner. The molecular basis for this selectivity was shown to be ENT1, a nucleoside transporter, which facilitates intracellular entry of the drug and is up-regulated on effector T cells during active arthritis. It was further shown that short-term treatment with decitabine resulted in the generation of a population of regulatory T cells that were able to suppress arthritis upon adoptive transfer. In summary, a therapeutic approach using an approved drug is described that treats active inflammatory disease effectively and generates robust regulatory T cells with the IDO-dependent capacity to maintain remission.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/metabolism
- DNA Demethylation/drug effects
- Decitabine/pharmacology
- Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1/genetics
- Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1/immunology
- Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1/metabolism
- Humans
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/immunology
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Remission Induction
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Th1 Cells/cytology
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/cytology
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shu Huang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Tseng
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Felix I L Clanchy
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
| | - Louise M Topping
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Joy Ogbechi
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Kay McNamee
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Dany Perocheau
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Nien-Yi Chiang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Ericsson
- The Rausing Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anette Sundstedt
- The Rausing Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
- Idogen AB, SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Zhong-Tian Xue
- The Rausing Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Leif G Salford
- The Rausing Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
- Idogen AB, SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans-Olov Sjögren
- The Rausing Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
- Idogen AB, SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Trevor W Stone
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Hsi-Hsien Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Shue-Fen Luo
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Richard O Williams
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom;
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10
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The multifaceted functional role of DNA methylation in immune-mediated rheumatic diseases. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 40:459-476. [PMID: 32613397 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genomic predisposition cannot explain the onset of complex diseases, as well illustrated by the largely incomplete concordance among monozygotic twins. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, chromatin remodelling and non-coding RNA, are considered to be the link between environmental stimuli and disease onset on a permissive genetic background in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. The paradigmatic cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), Sjogren's syndrome (SjS) and type-1 diabetes (T1D) share the loss of immunological tolerance to self-antigen influenced by several factors, with a largely incomplete role of individual genomic susceptibility. The most widely investigated epigenetic mechanism is DNA methylation which is associated with gene silencing and is due to the binding of methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD)-containing proteins, such as MECP2, to 5-methylcytosine (5mC). Indeed, a causal relationship occurs between DNA methylation and transcription factors occupancy and recruitment at specific genomic locus. In most cases, the results obtained in different studies are controversial in terms of DNA methylation comparison while fascinating evidence comes from the comparison of the epigenome in clinically discordant monozygotic twins. In this manuscript, we will review the mechanisms of epigenetics and DNA methylation changes in specific immune-mediated rheumatic diseases to highlight remaining unmet needs and to identify possible shared mechanisms beyond different tissue involvements with common therapeutic opportunities. Key Points • DNA methylation has a crucial role in regulating and tuning the immune system. • Evidences suggest that dysregulation of DNA methylation is pivotal in the context of immune-mediated rheumatic diseases. • DNA methylation dysregulation in FOXP3 and interferons-related genes is shared within several autoimmune diseases. • DNA methylation is an attractive marker for diagnosis and therapy.
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11
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Georganaki M, Ramachandran M, Tuit S, Núñez NG, Karampatzakis A, Fotaki G, van Hooren L, Huang H, Lugano R, Ulas T, Kaunisto A, Holland EC, Ellmark P, Mangsbo SM, Schultze J, Essand M, Tugues S, Dimberg A. Tumor endothelial cell up-regulation of IDO1 is an immunosuppressive feed-back mechanism that reduces the response to CD40-stimulating immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1730538. [PMID: 32231867 PMCID: PMC7094447 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1730538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40-stimulating immunotherapy can elicit potent anti-tumor responses by activating dendritic cells and enhancing T-cell priming. Tumor vessels orchestrate T-cell recruitment during immune response, but the effect of CD40-stimulating immunotherapy on tumor endothelial cells has not been evaluated. Here, we have investigated how tumor endothelial cells transcriptionally respond to CD40-stimulating immunotherapy by isolating tumor endothelial cells from agonistic CD40 mAb- or isotype-treated mice bearing B16-F10 melanoma, and performing RNA-sequencing. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that agonistic CD40 mAb therapy increased interferon (IFN)-related responses in tumor endothelial cells, including up-regulation of the immunosuppressive enzyme Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). IDO1 was predominantly expressed in endothelial cells within the tumor microenvironment, and its expression in tumor endothelium was positively correlated to T-cell infiltration and to increased intratumoral expression of IFNγ. In vitro, endothelial cells up-regulated IDO1 in response to T-cell-derived IFNγ, but not in response to CD40-stimulation. Combining agonistic CD40 mAb therapy with the IDO1 inhibitor epacadostat delayed tumor growth in B16-F10 melanoma, associated with increased activation of tumor-infiltrating T-cells. Hereby, we show that the tumor endothelial cells up-regulate IDO1 upon CD40-stimulating immunotherapy in response to increased IFNγ-secretion by T-cells, revealing a novel immunosuppressive feedback mechanism whereby tumor vessels limit T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Georganaki
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohanraj Ramachandran
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sander Tuit
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Science Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Alexandros Karampatzakis
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Grammatiki Fotaki
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luuk van Hooren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roberta Lugano
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Science Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Eric C Holland
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Sara M Mangsbo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joachim Schultze
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Science Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, The German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Magnus Essand
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sonia Tugues
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Cai S, Yang X, Chen P, Liu X, Zhou J, Zhang H. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of bicyclic carboxylic acid derivatives as IDO1 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Ciechomska M, Roszkowski L, Maslinski W. DNA Methylation as a Future Therapeutic and Diagnostic Target in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cells 2019; 8:E953. [PMID: 31443448 PMCID: PMC6770174 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that leads to progressive joint destruction and ultimately to disability. RA affects as much as 1% of the population worldwide. To date, RA is not a curable disease, and the mechanisms responsible for RA development have not yet been well understood. The development of more effective treatments and improvements in the early diagnosis of RA is direly needed to increase patients' functional capacity and their quality of life. As opposed to genetic mutation, epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, are reversible, making them good therapeutic candidates, modulating the immune response or aggressive synovial fibroblasts (FLS-fibroblast-like synoviocytes) activity when it is necessary. It has been suggested that DNA methylation might contribute to RA development, however, with insufficient and conflicting results. Besides, recent studies have shown that circulating cell-free methylated DNA (ccfDNA) in blood offers a very convenient, non-invasive, and repeatable "liquid biopsy", thus providing a reliable template for assessing molecular markers of various diseases, including RA. Thus, epigenetic therapies controlling autoimmunity and systemic inflammation may find wider implications for the diagnosis and management of RA. In this review, we highlight current challenges associated with the treatment of RA and other autoimmune diseases and discuss how targeting DNA methylation may improve diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Ciechomska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-635 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Leszek Roszkowski
- Department of Rheumatology, National Institute of Geriatrics Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-635 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wlodzimierz Maslinski
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-635 Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Zou Y, Hu X, Schewitz-Bowers LP, Stimpson M, Miao L, Ge X, Yang L, Li Y, Bible PW, Wen X, Li JJ, Liu Y, Lee RWJ, Wei L. The DNA Methylation Inhibitor Zebularine Controls CD4 + T Cell Mediated Intraocular Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1950. [PMID: 31475011 PMCID: PMC6706956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cell mediated uveitis is conventionally treated with systemic immunosuppressive agents, including corticosteroids and biologics targeting key inflammatory cytokines. However, their long-term utility is limited due to various side effects. Here, we investigated whether DNA methylation inhibitor zebularine can target CD4+ T cells and control intraocular inflammation. Our results showed that zebularine restrained the expression of inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17 in both human and murine CD4+ T cells in vitro. Importantly, it also significantly alleviated intraocular inflammation and retinal tissue damage in the murine experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) model in vivo, suggesting that the DNA methylation inhibitor zebularine is a candidate new therapeutic agent for uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lauren P Schewitz-Bowers
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine Stimpson
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Li Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Paul W Bible
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Richard W J Lee
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Gustafsson JR, Katsioudi G, Degn M, Ejlerskov P, Issazadeh-Navikas S, Kornum BR. DNMT1 regulates expression of MHC class I in post-mitotic neurons. Mol Brain 2018; 11:36. [PMID: 29970123 PMCID: PMC6029374 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0380-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Major Histocompability Complex I (MHC-I) molecules present cellularly derived peptides to the adaptive immune system. Generally MHC-I is not expressed on healthy post-mitotic neurons in the central nervous system, but it is known to increase upon immune activation such as viral infections and also during neurodegenerative processes. MHC-I expression is known to be regulated by the DNA methyltransferase DNMT1 in non-neuronal cells. Interestingly DNMT1 expression is high in neurons despite these being non-dividing. This suggests a role for DNMT1 in neurons beyond the classical re-methylation of DNA after cell division. We thus investigated whether DNMT1 regulates MHC-I in post-mitotic neurons. For this we used primary cultures of mouse cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). Our results showed that knockdown of DNMT1 in CGNs caused upregulation of some, but not all subtypes of MHC-I genes. This effect was synergistically enhanced by subsequent IFNγ treatment. Overall MHC-I protein level was not affected by knockdown of DNMT1 in CGNs. Instead our results show that the relative MHC-I expression levels among the different MHC subtypes is regulated by DNMT1 activity. In conclusion, we show that while the mouse H2-D1/L alleles are suppressed in neurons by DNMT1 activity under normal circumstances, the H2-K1 allele is not. This finding is particularly important in two instances. One: in the context of CNS autoimmunity with epitope presentation by specific MHC-I subtypes where this allele specific regulation might become important; and two: in amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS) where H2-K but not H2-D protects motor neurons from ALS astrocyte-induced toxicity in a mouse model of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ry Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Sleep Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Georgia Katsioudi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Sleep Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Matilda Degn
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Sleep Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Patrick Ejlerskov
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Rahbek Kornum
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Sleep Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Danish Center for Sleep Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark. .,Molecular Sleep Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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16
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Liang J, Yang F, Zhao L, Bi C, Cai B. Physiological and pathological implications of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in diseases. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48813-48831. [PMID: 27183914 PMCID: PMC5217052 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is the prerequisite of proteins. Diverse stimuli result in alteration of gene expression profile by base substitution for quite a long time. However, during the past decades, accumulating studies proved that bases modification is involved in this process. CpG islands (CGIs) are DNA fragments enriched in CpG repeats which mostly locate in promoters. They are frequently modified, methylated in most conditions, thereby suggesting a role of methylation in profiling gene expression. DNA methylation occurs in many conditions, such as cancer, embryogenesis, nervous system diseases etc. Recently, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), the product of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) demethylation, is emerging as a novel demethylation marker in many disorders. Consistently, conversion of 5mC to 5hmC has been proved in many studies. Here, we reviewed recent studies concerning demethylation via 5hmC conversion in several conditions and progress of therapeutics-associated with it in clinic. We aimed to unveil its physiological and pathological significance in diseases and to provide insight into its clinical application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin, China
| | - Chongwei Bi
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin, China
| | - Benzhi Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Medicine, Academics of Medical Sciences of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
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17
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Carter CA, Oronsky BT, Roswarski J, Oronsky AL, Oronsky N, Scicinski J, Lybeck H, Kim MM, Lybeck M, Reid TR. No patient left behind: The promise of immune priming with epigenetic agents. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1315486. [PMID: 29123948 PMCID: PMC5665084 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1315486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies that inhibit PD-1 or CTLA-4, have revolutionized the treatment of multiple cancers. Despite the enthusiasm for the clinical successes of checkpoint inhibitors, and immunotherapy, in general, only a minority of patients with specific tumor types actually benefit from treatment. Emerging evidence implicates epigenetic alterations as a mechanism of clinical resistance to immunotherapy. This review presents evidence for that association, summarizes the epi-based mechanisms by which tumors evade immunogenic cell death, discusses epigenetic modulation as a component of an integrated strategy to boost anticancer T cell effector function in relation to a tumor immunosuppression cycle and, finally, makes the case that the success of this no-patient-left-behind strategy critically depends on the toxicity profile of the epigenetic agent(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Carter
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Murtha Cancer Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Joseph Roswarski
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Murtha Cancer Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Harry Lybeck
- University of Helsinki, Department of Physiology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michelle M Kim
- University of Michigan, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Tony R Reid
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
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18
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Noonepalle SK, Gu F, Lee EJ, Choi JH, Han Q, Kim J, Ouzounova M, Shull AY, Pei L, Hsu PY, Kolhe R, Shi F, Choi J, Chiou K, Huang THM, Korkaya H, Deng L, Xin HB, Huang S, Thangaraju M, Sreekumar A, Ambs S, Tang SC, Munn DH, Shi H. Promoter Methylation Modulates Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Induction by Activated T Cells in Human Breast Cancers. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:330-344. [PMID: 28264810 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are modulated in reaction to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. However, their specific responses to this immune pressure are unknown. In order to address this question, we first used mRNA sequencing to compare the immunophenotype of the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 and the luminal breast cancer cell line MCF7 after both were cocultured with activated human T cells. Despite similarities in the cytokine-induced immune signatures of the two cell lines, MDA-MD-231 cells were able to transcribe more IDO1 than MCF7 cells. The two cell lines had similar upstream JAK/STAT1 signaling and IDO1 mRNA stability. However, using a series of breast cancer cell lines, IFNγ stimulated IDO1 protein expression and enzymatic activity only in ER-, not ER+, cell lines. Treatment with 5-aza-deoxycytidine reversed the suppression of IDO1 expression in MCF7 cells, suggesting that DNA methylation was potentially involved in IDO1 induction. By analyzing several breast cancer datasets, we discovered subtype-specific mRNA and promoter methylation differences in IDO1, with TNBC/basal subtypes exhibiting lower methylation/higher expression and ER+/luminal subtypes exhibiting higher methylation/lower expression. We confirmed this trend of IDO1 methylation by bisulfite pyrosequencing breast cancer cell lines and an independent cohort of primary breast tumors. Taken together, these findings suggest that IDO1 promoter methylation regulates anti-immune responses in breast cancer subtypes and could be used as a predictive biomarker for IDO1 inhibitor-based immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(4); 330-44. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish K Noonepalle
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Franklin Gu
- Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Eun-Joon Lee
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Choi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Qimei Han
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jaejik Kim
- Department of Statistics, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Austin Y Shull
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lirong Pei
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Pei-Yin Hsu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Fang Shi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jiseok Choi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Katie Chiou
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Tim H M Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Hasan Korkaya
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Libin Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Muthusamy Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Arun Sreekumar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center and Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shou-Ching Tang
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Tianjing Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - David H Munn
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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19
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Dewi DL, Mohapatra SR, Blanco Cabañes S, Adam I, Somarribas Patterson LF, Berdel B, Kahloon M, Thürmann L, Loth S, Heilmann K, Weichenhan D, Mücke O, Heiland I, Wimberger P, Kuhlmann JD, Kellner KH, Schott S, Plass C, Platten M, Gerhäuser C, Trump S, Opitz CA. Suppression of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 expression by promoter hypermethylation in ER-positive breast cancer. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1274477. [PMID: 28344890 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1274477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kynurenine formation by tryptophan-catabolic indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) plays a key role in tumor immune evasion and inhibition of IDO1 is efficacious in preclinical models of breast cancer. As the response of breast cancer to immune checkpoint inhibitors may be limited, a better understanding of the expression of additional targetable immunomodulatory pathways is of importance. We therefore investigated the regulation of IDO1 expression in different breast cancer subtypes. We identified estrogen receptor α (ER) as a negative regulator of IDO1 expression. Serum kynurenine levels as well as tumoral IDO1 expression were lower in patients with ER-positive than ER-negative tumors and an inverse relationship between IDO1 and estrogen receptor mRNA was observed across 14 breast cancer data sets. Analysis of whole genome bisulfite sequencing, 450k, MassARRAY and pyrosequencing data revealed that the IDO1 promoter is hypermethylated in ER-positive compared with ER-negative breast cancer. Reduced induction of IDO1 was also observed in human ER-positive breast cancer cell lines. IDO1 induction was enhanced upon DNA demethylation in ER-positive but not in ER-negative cells and methylation of an IDO1 promoter construct reduced IDO1 expression, suggesting that enhanced methylation of the IDO1 promoter suppresses IDO1 in ER-positive breast cancer. The association of ER overexpression with epigenetic downregulation of IDO1 appears to be a particular feature of breast cancer as IDO1 was not suppressed by IDO1 promoter hypermethylation in the presence of high ER expression in cervical or endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyah L Dewi
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soumya R Mohapatra
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saioa Blanco Cabañes
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabell Adam
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Bianca Berdel
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Masroor Kahloon
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Loreen Thürmann
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Loth
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katharina Heilmann
- Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Weichenhan
- Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Mücke
- Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ines Heiland
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Dominik Kuhlmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Schott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clarissa Gerhäuser
- Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saskia Trump
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christiane A Opitz
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Staudacher A, Hinz T, Novak N, von Bubnoff D, Bieber T. Exaggerated IDO1 expression and activity in Langerhans cells from patients with atopic dermatitis upon viral stimulation: a potential predictive biomarker for high risk of Eczema herpeticum. Allergy 2015. [PMID: 26198597 DOI: 10.1111/all.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a heterogenous and highly complex disease characterized by an increased microbial colonization. For unknown reasons, a subgroup of patients with AD develops Eczema herpeticum (EH), a severe viral complication due to spreading of herpes simplex virus (HSV). Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) is a tryptophan (Trp)-catabolizing enzyme which is assumed to be instrumental in the antibacterial and antiviral defence mechanisms. METHODS Comparative investigation of the IDO1 expression and activity in freshly isolated monocytes, plasmacytoid DC (pDC) and in vitro-generated Langerhans cells (LC) obtained from AD patients with HSV infections and EH and nonatopic controls. RESULTS We demonstrate an increase in Trp degradation in the serum of patients during acute EH episodes. Circulating pDC from patients with history of EH display an increased IDO1 expression. An increased Trp degradation is detected in the supernatants of circulating monocytes from AD patients with acute EH. Mature LC from AD patients with history of EH and with acute EH display an increased IDO1 expression and activity, respectively. In LC from patients with history of EH, viral signals induce an exaggerated IDO1 expression and activity. CONCLUSION IDO1 expression and activity in LC seem to be involved in the pathophysiology of EH in AD and could represent a predictive biomarker for patients with risk to develop EH and other viral complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Staudacher
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Friedrich-Wilhelms-University; Bonn Germany
| | - T. Hinz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Friedrich-Wilhelms-University; Bonn Germany
| | - N. Novak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Friedrich-Wilhelms-University; Bonn Germany
| | - D. von Bubnoff
- Department of Dermatology; Albert-Ludwigs University; Freiburg Germany
| | - T. Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Friedrich-Wilhelms-University; Bonn Germany
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21
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Cribbs A, Feldmann M, Oppermann U. Towards an understanding of the role of DNA methylation in rheumatoid arthritis: therapeutic and diagnostic implications. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2015; 7:206-19. [PMID: 26425149 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x15598307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The term 'epigenetics' loosely describes DNA-templated processes leading to heritable changes in gene activity and expression, which are independent of the underlying DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms comprise of post-translational modifications of chromatin, methylation of DNA, nucleosome positioning as well as expression of noncoding RNAs. Major advances in understanding the role of DNA methylation in regulating chromatin functions have been made over the past decade, and point to a role of this epigenetic mechanism in human disease. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder where altered DNA methylation patterns have been identified in a number of different disease-relevant cell types. However, the contribution of DNA methylation changes to RA disease pathogenesis is at present poorly understood and in need of further investigation. Here we review the current knowledge regarding the role of DNA methylation in rheumatoid arthritis and indicate its potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cribbs
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Oxford, and Botnar Research Centre, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | | | - Udo Oppermann
- Botnar Research Centre, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, and Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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22
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Vlková V, Štěpánek I, Hrušková V, Šenigl F, Mayerová V, Šrámek M, Šímová J, Bieblová J, Indrová M, Hejhal T, Dérian N, Klatzmann D, Six A, Reiniš M. Epigenetic regulations in the IFNγ signalling pathway: IFNγ-mediated MHC class I upregulation on tumour cells is associated with DNA demethylation of antigen-presenting machinery genes. Oncotarget 2015; 5:6923-35. [PMID: 25071011 PMCID: PMC4196173 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of MHC class I expression on tumour cells, a common mechanism by which tumour cells can escape from specific immune responses, can be associated with coordinated silencing of antigen-presenting machinery genes. The expression of these genes can be restored by IFNγ. In this study we documented association of DNA demethylation of selected antigen-presenting machinery genes located in the MHC genomic locus (TAP-1, TAP-2, LMP-2, LMP-7) upon IFNγ treatment with MHC class I upregulation on tumour cells in several MHC class I-deficient murine tumour cell lines (TC-1/A9, TRAMP-C2, MK16 and MC15). Our data also documented higher methylation levels in these genes in TC-1/A9 cells, as compared to their parental MHC class I-positive TC-1 cells. IFNγ-mediated DNA demethylation was relatively fast in comparison with demethylation induced by DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine, and associated with increased histone H3 acetylation in the promoter regions of APM genes. Comparative transcriptome analysis in distinct MHC class I-deficient cell lines upon their treatment with either IFNγ or epigenetic agents revealed that a set of genes, significantly enriched for the antigen presentation pathway, was regulated in the same manner. Our data demonstrate that IFNγ acts as an epigenetic modifier when upregulating the expression of antigen-presenting machinery genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vlková
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Prague
| | - Ivan Štěpánek
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Prague
| | - Veronika Hrušková
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Prague
| | - Filip Šenigl
- Department of Viral and Cellular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Prague
| | - Veronika Mayerová
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Prague
| | - Martin Šrámek
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Prague
| | - Jana Šímová
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Prague
| | - Jana Bieblová
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Prague
| | - Marie Indrová
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Prague
| | - Tomáš Hejhal
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Prague
| | - Nicolas Dérian
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CIC-BTi Biotherapy & Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy (i2B), Paris, France
| | - David Klatzmann
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CIC-BTi Biotherapy & Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy (i2B), Paris, France
| | - Adrien Six
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CIC-BTi Biotherapy & Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy (i2B), Paris, France
| | - Milan Reiniš
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Prague
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23
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Bardhan K, Paschall AV, Yang D, Chen MR, Simon PS, Bhutia YD, Martin PM, Thangaraju M, Browning DD, Ganapathy V, Heaton CM, Gu K, Lee JR, Liu K. IFNγ Induces DNA Methylation-Silenced GPR109A Expression via pSTAT1/p300 and H3K18 Acetylation in Colon Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:795-805. [PMID: 25735954 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids, metabolites produced by colonic microbiota from fermentation of dietary fiber, act as anti-inflammatory agents in the intestinal tract to suppress proinflammatory diseases. GPR109A is the receptor for short-chain fatty acids. The functions of GPR109A have been the subject of extensive studies; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying GPR109A expression is largely unknown. We show that GPR109A is highly expressed in normal human colon tissues, but is silenced in human colon carcinoma cells. The GPR109A promoter DNA is methylated in human colon carcinoma. Strikingly, we observed that IFNγ, a cytokine secreted by activated T cells, activates GPR109A transcription without altering its promoter DNA methylation. Colon carcinoma grows significantly faster in IFNγ-deficient mice than in wild-type mice in an orthotopic colon cancer mouse model. A positive correlation was observed between GPR109A protein level and tumor-infiltrating T cells in human colon carcinoma specimens, and IFNγ expression level is higher in human colon carcinoma tissues than in normal colon tissues. We further demonstrated that IFNγ rapidly activates pSTAT1 that binds to the promoter of p300 to activate its transcription. p300 then binds to the GPR109A promoter to induce H3K18 hyperacetylation, resulting in chromatin remodeling in the methylated GPR109A promoter. The IFNγ-activated pSTAT1 then directly binds to the methylated but hyperacetylated GPR109 promoter to activate its transcription. Overall, our data indicate that GPR109A acts as a tumor suppressor in colon cancer, and the host immune system might use IFNγ to counteract DNA methylation-mediated GPR109A silencing as a mechanism to suppress tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kankana Bardhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Amy V Paschall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia. Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia. Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia. Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - May R Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Priscilla S Simon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia. Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia. Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yangzom D Bhutia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Pamela M Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Muthusamy Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia. Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Darren D Browning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia. Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia. Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Christopher M Heaton
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Keni Gu
- University Hospital, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey R Lee
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia. Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia. Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia. Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia.
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24
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Zhang B, Xing X, Li J, Lowdon RF, Zhou Y, Lin N, Zhang B, Sundaram V, Chiappinelli KB, Hagemann IS, Mutch DG, Goodfellow PJ, Wang T. Comparative DNA methylome analysis of endometrial carcinoma reveals complex and distinct deregulation of cancer promoters and enhancers. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:868. [PMID: 25286960 PMCID: PMC4198682 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant DNA methylation is a hallmark of many cancers. Classically there are two types of endometrial cancer, endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC), or Type I, and uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC), or Type II. However, the whole genome DNA methylation changes in these two classical types of endometrial cancer is still unknown. RESULTS Here we described complete genome-wide DNA methylome maps of EAC, UPSC, and normal endometrium by applying a combined strategy of methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-seq) and methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion sequencing (MRE-seq). We discovered distinct genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in EAC and UPSC: 27,009 and 15,676 recurrent differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified respectively, compared with normal endometrium. Over 80% of DMRs were in intergenic and intronic regions. The majority of these DMRs were not interrogated on the commonly used Infinium 450K array platform. Large-scale demethylation of chromosome X was detected in UPSC, accompanied by decreased XIST expression. Importantly, we discovered that the majority of the DMRs harbored promoter or enhancer functions and are specifically associated with genes related to uterine development and disease. Among these, abnormal methylation of transposable elements (TEs) may provide a novel mechanism to deregulate normal endometrium-specific enhancers derived from specific TEs. CONCLUSIONS DNA methylation changes are an important signature of endometrial cancer and regulate gene expression by affecting not only proximal promoters but also distal enhancers.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, X
- CpG Islands
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/genetics
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/metabolism
- DNA Methylation
- DNA Transposable Elements/genetics
- Endometrial Neoplasms/genetics
- Endometrial Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Kruppel-Like Factor 4
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- MutL Protein Homolog 1
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- Retinal Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Uterine Neoplasms/genetics
- Uterine Neoplasms/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- />Department of Genetics, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - XiaoYun Xing
- />Department of Genetics, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Jing Li
- />Department of Genetics, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
- />Shanghai International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 P. R. China
| | - Rebecca F Lowdon
- />Department of Genetics, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- />Key Laboratory for Applied Statistics of MOE, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024 P. R. China
| | - Nan Lin
- />Department of Mathematics and Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Baoxue Zhang
- />Key Laboratory for Applied Statistics of MOE, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024 P. R. China
| | - Vasavi Sundaram
- />Department of Genetics, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Katherine B Chiappinelli
- />Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
| | - Ian S Hagemann
- />Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - David G Mutch
- />Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63124 USA
| | - Paul J Goodfellow
- />The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Ting Wang
- />Department of Genetics, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
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25
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Cribbs AP, Kennedy A, Penn H, Read JE, Amjadi P, Green P, Syed K, Manka SW, Brennan FM, Gregory B, Williams RO. Treg Cell Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis Is Compromised by CTLA-4 Promoter Methylation Resulting in a Failure to Activate the Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Pathway. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:2344-54. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Kennedy
- Kennedy Institute and University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | | | | | - Parisa Amjadi
- Kennedy Institute and University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | | | - Khaja Syed
- Kennedy Institute and University of Oxford; Oxford UK
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26
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Nittby H, Ericsson P, Förnvik K, Strömblad S, Jansson L, Xue Z, Skagerberg G, Widegren B, Sjögren HO, Salford LG. Zebularine induces long-term survival of pancreatic islet allotransplants in streptozotocin treated diabetic rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71981. [PMID: 23991016 PMCID: PMC3753325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coping with the immune rejection of allotransplants or autologous cells in patients with an active sensitization towards their autoantigens and autoimmunity presently necessitates life-long immune suppressive therapy acting on the immune system as a whole, which makes the patients vulnerable to infections and increases their risk of developing cancer. New technologies to induce antigen selective long-lasting immunosuppression or immune tolerance are therefore much needed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The DNA demethylating agent Zebularine, previously demonstrated to induce expression of the genes for the immunosuppressive enzymes indolamine-2,3-deoxygenase-1 (IDO1) and kynureninase of the kynurenine pathway, is tested for capacity to suppress rejection of allotransplants. Allogeneic pancreatic islets from Lewis rats were transplanted under the kidney capsule of Fischer rats previously made diabetic by a streptozotocin injection (40 mg/kg). One group was treated with Zebularine (225 mg/kg) daily for 14 days from day 6 or 8 after transplantation, and a control group received no further treatment. Survival of the transplants was monitored by blood sugar measurements. Rats, normoglycemic for 90 days after allografting, were subjected to transplant removal by nephrectomy to confirm whether normoglycemia was indeed due to a surviving insulin producing transplant, or alternatively was a result of recovery of pancreatic insulin production in some toxin-treated rats. Of 9 Zebularine treated rats, 4 were still normoglycemic after 90 days and became hyperglycemic after nephrectomy. The mean length of normoglycemia in the Zebularine group was 67±8 days as compared to 14±3 days in 9 controls. Seven rats (2 controls and 5 Zebularine treated) were normoglycemic at 90 days due to pancreatic recovery as demonstrated by failure of nephrectomy to induce hyperglycemia. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Zebularine treatment in vivo induces a long-lasting suppression of the immune destruction of allogeneic pancreatic islets resulting in protection of allograft function for more than 10 weeks after end of treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Cytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Cytidine/pharmacology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/surgery
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Graft Survival/drug effects
- Graft Survival/immunology
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Islets of Langerhans Transplantation/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans Transplantation/methods
- Male
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Rats, Wistar
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrietta Nittby
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, the Rausing Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter Ericsson
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, the Rausing Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karolina Förnvik
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, the Rausing Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Susanne Strömblad
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, the Rausing Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Linda Jansson
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, the Rausing Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zhongtian Xue
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, the Rausing Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Skagerberg
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, the Rausing Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt Widegren
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, the Rausing Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans-Olov Sjögren
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, the Rausing Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leif G. Salford
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, the Rausing Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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27
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Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is the first and rate-limiting step along the kynurenine pathway and is thought to play a key role in immune homeostasis through depletion of tryptophan and accumulation of kynurenines. In this review we summarize recent research into the possibility of harnessing the IDO pathway for the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Inhibition of IDO activity, or knockout of the gene encoding IDO, was shown to cause an increase in the severity of collagen-induced arthritis, an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. The increased severity of disease was associated with elevated numbers of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells in the joints and draining lymph nodes. In another study, analysis of the kinetics of expression of downstream kynurenine pathway enzymes during the course of arthritis revealed a potential role for tryptophan metabolites in resolution of arthritis. Furthermore, the therapeutic administration of L-kynurenine or [3,4-dimethoxycinnamonyl]-anthranilic acid (a synthetic derivative of 3-hydroxy-anthranilic acid) significantly reduced both clinical and histological progression of experimental arthritis. These findings raise the possibility of exploiting the IDO pathway for the therapy of autoimmune disease.
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