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Wu J, Nie Y, Ma Y, Hao L, Liu Z, Li Y. Analysis of phagocytosis by mIgM + lymphocytes depending on monoclonal antibodies against IgM of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:399-408. [PMID: 35314332 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The phagocytic actives of B cells in fish have been proven in recent years. In this study, five positive hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against largemouth bass IgM were produced. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) demonstrated that five MAbs could specifically recognize membrane-bound IgM (mIgM) molecule of largemouth bass. Indirect ELISA and Western blotting analysis showed that all the five MAbs had no cross-reactions with the other two teleost IgMs. Flow cytometry analysis (FCM) revealed that the percentages of largemouth bass mIgM+ lymphocytes in head kidney, peripheral blood and spleen were 51.66 ± 0.608%, 16.5 ± 1.235% and 42.92 ± 1.091%, respectively. In addition, the phagocytosis rates of mIgM + lymphocytes ingesting Nocardia seriolae from head kidney, peripheral blood and spleen were calculated to be 5.413 ± 0.274%, 16.6 ± 0.289% and 26.3 ± 0.296%, respectively. The qPCR results of sorted cells indicated that most inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-12β, IL-34, IL-10), chemokine (CXCL12), chemokines receptors (CXCR2, CXCR4) and genes (FcγRⅠa, NCF1, CFL, ARP2/3, CD45, Syk, MARCKS) related to FcγR-mediated phagocytic signaling pathway in phagocytic mIgM+ lymphocytes were up-regulated significantly (P < 0.05). Taken together, the results suggested that the MAb (MM06H) produced in this paper could be used as a tool to study mIgM+ lymphocytes of largemouth bass, and FcγR may participate in the phagocytosis of mIgM+ lymphocytes, which is helpful to further study the role of mIgM+ lymphocytes in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yifan Nie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Department of Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yanping Ma
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Le Hao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Yugu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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2
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Nashaat HAH, Anany M, Attia FM. Convalescent plasma in COVID-19: renewed focus on the timing and effectiveness of an old therapy. Blood Res 2022; 57:6-12. [PMID: 35197369 PMCID: PMC8958377 DOI: 10.5045/br.2021.2021151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that has strained health care systems worldwide and resulted in high mortality. The current COVID-19 treatment is based on supportive and symptomatic care. Therefore, convalescent plasma (CP), which provides passive immunization against many infectious diseases, has been studied for COVID-19 management. To date, a large number of randomized and non-randomized clinical trials as well as many systematic reviews have revealed conflicting results. This article summarizes the basic principles of passive immunization, particularly addressing CP in COVID-19. It also evaluates the effectiveness of CP as a therapy in patients with COVID-19, clinical trial reports and systematic reviews, regulatory considerations and different protocols that are authorized in different countries to use it safely and effectively. An advanced search was carried out in major databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE) and Google Scholar using the following key words: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, convalescent plasma, and the applied query was “convalescent plasma” AND “COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2”. The results were filtered and duplicate data were removed. Collective evidence indicates that two cardinal players determine the effectiveness of CP use, time of infusion, and quality of CP. Early administration of CP with high neutralizing anti-spike IgG titer is hypothesized to be effective in improving clinical outcome, prevent progression, decrease the length of hospital stay, and reduce mortality. However, more reliable, high quality, well-controlled, double-blinded, randomized, international and multicenter collaborative trials are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maha Anany
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Fadia Moustafa Attia
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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3
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Afzali S, Salehi S, Shahi A, Amirzargar A. B cell modulation strategies in the improvement of transplantation outcomes. Mol Immunol 2020; 125:140-150. [PMID: 32682148 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Successful transplantation outcome is the final goal in most end stage and nonfunctional organs; however, despite using different therapeutic strategies, antibody-mediated rejection is still a big obstacle. B cells have a key role in transplant rejection by several functions, such as antibody production, antigen presenting, contribution in T cell activation, forming the germinal center, and tertiary lymphoid organs. Therefore, B cells modulation seems to be very crucial in transplant outcome. A double-edged sword function is considered for B cells during transplantation; On the one hand, antibody production against the transplanted organ induces antibody-mediated rejection. On the other hand, IL10 production by regulatory B (Breg) cells induces graft tolerance. Nowadays, several monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are available for B cell modulation that are routinely used in transplant recipients, among which rituximab (anti-CD20 mAb) act in eliminating B cells. However, there are some other monoclonal antibodies, such as epratuzumab and Inotuzumab ozogamicin (IO), which exert anti-CD22 activity, resulting in disruption of B cell functions and induction of tolerance in autoimmune disease or B cell malignancies; that notwithstanding, these mAbs have not yet been tried in transplantation. In this review, we focus on different methods for modulating the activity of B cells as well as induction of Breg cells, aiming to prevent the allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Afzali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Amirzargar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Liu X, Cao W, Li T. High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulins in the Treatment of Severe Acute Viral Pneumonia: The Known Mechanisms and Clinical Effects. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1660. [PMID: 32760407 PMCID: PMC7372093 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current outbreak of viral pneumonia, caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is the focus of worldwide attention. The WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic event on Mar 12, 2020, and the number of confirmed cases is still on the rise worldwide. While most infected individuals only experience mild symptoms or may even be asymptomatic, some patients rapidly progress to severe acute respiratory failure with substantial mortality, making it imperative to develop an efficient treatment for severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia alongside supportive care. So far, the optimal treatment strategy for severe COVID-19 remains unknown. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a blood product pooled from healthy donors with high concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and has been used in patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases for more than 30 years. In this review, we aim to highlight the known mechanisms of immunomodulatory effects of high-dose IVIg therapy, the immunopathological hypothesis of viral pneumonia, and the clinical evidence of IVIg therapy in viral pneumonia. We then make cautious therapeutic inferences about high-dose IVIg therapy in treating severe COVID-19. These inferences may provide relevant and useful insights in order to aid treatment for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taisheng Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Rojas M, Rodríguez Y, Monsalve DM, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Camacho B, Gallo JE, Rojas-Villarraga A, Ramírez-Santana C, Díaz-Coronado JC, Manrique R, Mantilla RD, Shoenfeld Y, Anaya JM. Convalescent plasma in Covid-19: Possible mechanisms of action. Autoimmun Rev 2020. [PMID: 32380316 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102554.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Therapeutic options including antimalarials, antivirals, and vaccines are under study. Meanwhile the current pandemic has called attention over old therapeutic tools to treat infectious diseases. Convalescent plasma (CP) constitutes the first option in the current situation, since it has been successfully used in other coronaviruses outbreaks. Herein, we discuss the possible mechanisms of action of CP and their repercussion in COVID-19 pathogenesis, including direct neutralization of the virus, control of an overactive immune system (i.e., cytokine storm, Th1/Th17 ratio, complement activation) and immunomodulation of a hypercoagulable state. All these benefits of CP are expected to be better achieved if used in non-critically hospitalized patients, in the hope of reducing morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rojas
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yhojan Rodríguez
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia; Clínica del Occidente, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Diana M Monsalve
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yeny Acosta-Ampudia
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Bernardo Camacho
- Instituto Distrital de Ciencia Biotecnología e Investigación en Salud, IDCBIS, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | | | - Carolina Ramírez-Santana
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Rubén Manrique
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Ruben D Mantilla
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia; Clínica del Occidente, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, affiliated to Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Laboratory of the Mosaics of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia; Clínica del Occidente, Bogota, Colombia.
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6
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Rojas M, Rodríguez Y, Monsalve DM, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Camacho B, Gallo JE, Rojas-Villarraga A, Ramírez-Santana C, Díaz-Coronado JC, Manrique R, Mantilla RD, Shoenfeld Y, Anaya JM. Convalescent plasma in Covid-19: Possible mechanisms of action. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102554. [PMID: 32380316 PMCID: PMC7198427 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Therapeutic options including antimalarials, antivirals, and vaccines are under study. Meanwhile the current pandemic has called attention over old therapeutic tools to treat infectious diseases. Convalescent plasma (CP) constitutes the first option in the current situation, since it has been successfully used in other coronaviruses outbreaks. Herein, we discuss the possible mechanisms of action of CP and their repercussion in COVID-19 pathogenesis, including direct neutralization of the virus, control of an overactive immune system (i.e., cytokine storm, Th1/Th17 ratio, complement activation) and immunomodulation of a hypercoagulable state. All these benefits of CP are expected to be better achieved if used in non-critically hospitalized patients, in the hope of reducing morbidity and mortality. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is an emerging viral threat with major repercussions for public health. There is not specific treatment for COVID-19. Convalescent plasma (CP) emerges as the first option of management for hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Transference of neutralizing antibodies helps to control COVID-19 infection and modulates inflammatory response. Other plasma components may enhance the antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rojas
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yhojan Rodríguez
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia; Clínica del Occidente, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Diana M Monsalve
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yeny Acosta-Ampudia
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Bernardo Camacho
- Instituto Distrital de Ciencia Biotecnología e Investigación en Salud, IDCBIS, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | | | - Carolina Ramírez-Santana
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Rubén Manrique
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Ruben D Mantilla
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia; Clínica del Occidente, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, affiliated to Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Laboratory of the Mosaics of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia; Clínica del Occidente, Bogota, Colombia.
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Lion J, Burbach M, Cross A, Poussin K, Taflin C, Kaveri S, Haziot A, Glotz D, Mooney N. Endothelial Cell Amplification of Regulatory T Cells Is Differentially Modified by Immunosuppressors and Intravenous Immunoglobulin. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1761. [PMID: 29312302 PMCID: PMC5735077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive treatment is a prerequisite for both organ transplantation and tolerance of the allograft. However, long-term immunosuppression has been associated with a higher incidence of malignancies and infections. Immunosuppressors mainly target circulating immune cells and little is known of their “off-target” effects, such as their impact on endothelial cells (ECs). In chronic antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), the allograft endothelium is a target of damage, histologically detected as transplant glomerulopathy, and which correlates with poor graft survival. Under inflammatory conditions, EC expression of HLA class II antigens can lead to CD4+-T lymphocyte alloactivation and selective expansion of pro-inflammatory Th17 and pro-tolerance Treg subsets. This response can be modified and preactivation of the EC by HLA-DR antibody binding promoted a proinflammatory Th17 response. However, whether or not immunosuppressors alter EC immunogenicity has not been examined. In alloimmunized patients with AMR, cyclosporine A (CsA) and mycophenolic acid (MPA) are often combined with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIgs). This study reports changes in the microvascular EC phenotype and function after treatment with CsA, MPA, or IVIg. Both CsA and MPA decreased HLA-DR and increased CD54 expression, whereas IVIg increased HLA-DR expression. Interleukin 6 secretion was reduced by all three immunomodulators. Preincubation of ECs with CsA or MPA limited, while IVIg amplified, Treg expansion. Because CsA, MPA, and IVIg are known for their ability to act upon leukocytes, we confirmed that ECs maintained their immunoregulatory role when allogeneic leukocytes were pretreated with CsA, MPA, or IVIg. The results reveal that individual immunosuppressors, used in the induction and maintenance of renal allograft tolerance, had direct and distinct effects on ECs. Results of experiments associating IVIg with either CsA or MPA underlined the differences observed using individual immunosuppressors. Paradoxically, CsA or MPA may increase EC mediated inflammatory responses and long-term exposure may contribute to limitation of allograft tolerance. In contrast, IVIg interaction with the endothelium may mediate some of its immunosuppressive effects through promotion of Treg expansion, contributing to the maintenance of allograft tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lion
- U1160, Alloimmunité-Autoimmunité-Transplantation, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Maren Burbach
- U1160, Alloimmunité-Autoimmunité-Transplantation, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, APHP, Hopital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Amy Cross
- U1160, Alloimmunité-Autoimmunité-Transplantation, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Karine Poussin
- U1160, Alloimmunité-Autoimmunité-Transplantation, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Taflin
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, APHP, Hopital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Srini Kaveri
- U1138, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Alain Haziot
- U1160, Alloimmunité-Autoimmunité-Transplantation, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Denis Glotz
- U1160, Alloimmunité-Autoimmunité-Transplantation, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, APHP, Hopital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,LabEx Transplantex, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nuala Mooney
- U1160, Alloimmunité-Autoimmunité-Transplantation, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,LabEx Transplantex, Strasbourg, France
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