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Vakili O, Mafi A, Pourfarzam M. Liver Disorders Caused by Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:194-207. [PMID: 37357514 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230623120935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are a vast array of inherited/congenital disorders, affecting a wide variety of metabolic pathways and/or biochemical processes inside the cells. Although IEMs are usually rare, they can be represented as serious health problems. During the neonatal period, these inherited defects can give rise to almost all key signs of liver malfunction, including jaundice, coagulopathy, hepato- and splenomegaly, ascites, etc. Since the liver is a vital organ with multiple synthetic, metabolic, and excretory functions, IEM-related hepatic dysfunction could seriously be considered life-threatening. In this context, the identification of those hepatic manifestations and their associated characteristics may promote the differential diagnosis of IEMs immediately after birth, making therapeutic strategies more successful in preventing the occurrence of subsequent events. Among all possible liver defects caused by IEMs, cholestatic jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and liver failure have been shown to be manifested more frequently. Therefore, the current study aims to review substantial IEMs that mostly result in the aforementioned hepatic disorders, relying on clinical principles, especially through the first years of life. In this article, a group of uncommon hepatic manifestations linked to IEMs is also discussed in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morteza Pourfarzam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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2
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Höger P, Veith M, Greulich T, Limen E, Brock J, Schlamp K, Buschulte K, Presotto MA, Schäfer JC, Herth F, Trudzinski FC. Characterization of three new SERPINA1 variants PiQ0Heidelberg II, PiQ0Heidelberg III and PiQ0Heidelberg IV in patients with severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Respir Med Case Rep 2023; 43:101838. [PMID: 37021142 PMCID: PMC10068255 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2023.101838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical and molecular characteristics of three patients with previously unreported SERPINA1 mutations associated with severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) are described. The pathophysiology of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) present in these patients was characterized through clinical, biochemical, and genetic examinations. Case presentations Case 1: A 73-year-old male with bilateral centri-to panlobular emphysema and multiple increasing ventrobasal bullae and incomplete fissures, COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grade III B), progressive dyspnea on exertion (DOE), AAT level of 0.1-0.2 g/L. Genetic testing revealed a unique SERPINA1 mutation: Pi*Z/c.1072C > T. This allele was designated PiQ0Heidelberg II. Case 2: A 47-year-old male with severely heterogenous centri-to panlobular emphysema concentrated in the lower lobes, COPD GOLD IV D with progressive DOE, AAT <0.1 g/L. He also had a unique Pi*Z/c.10del mutation in SERPINA1. This allele was named PiQ0Heidelberg III. Case 3: A 58-year-old female with basally accentuated panlobular emphysema, GOLD II B COPD, progressive DOE. AAT 0.1 g/L. Genetic analysis revealed Pi*Z/c.-5+1G > A and c.-472G > A mutations in SERPINA1. This variant allele was named PiQ0Heidelberg IV. Conclusions Each of these patients had a unique and previously unreported SERPINA1 mutation. In two cases, AATD and a history of smoking led to severe lung disease. In the third case, timely diagnosis, and institution of AAT replacement stabilized lung function. Wider screening of COPD patients for AATD could lead to faster diagnosis and earlier treatment of AATD patients with AATD which could slow or prevent progression of their disease.
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3
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Wauthier L, Jacques S, Delanghe J, Favresse J. Optimizing the screening of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency using serum protein electrophoresis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:427-434. [PMID: 36420543 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency was first identified in patients with emphysema by the absence of the α1 band on serum protein electrophoresis (SPE). Today, capillary zone electrophoresis is widely performed in laboratories. Here, we compared two SPE systems to detect decreased A1AT concentrations to optimize their use as a screening tool for A1AT deficiency. METHODS Serum protein electrophoresis was performed on 200 samples on the Capillarys 2 and the V8 Nexus. The latter presents two α1 bands (α1 band 1 and 2) while the Capillarys 2 has only one (Capillarys 2 total α1). The measures of A1AT and α1 acid glycoprotein (AAG) were performed as well as the phenotyping of M, S and Z alleles. RESULTS At a A1AT cutoff of 0.80 g/L, a cutoff of 1.21 g/L using the V8 Nexus α1 band 2 corresponded to a 100% sensitivity and a 92.4% specificity while a 1.69% cutoff corresponded to a 100% sensitivity and a 92.4% specificity. The performance of the α1 band 1 was suboptimal and rather corresponded to AAG. On the Capillarys 2, a cutoff of 2.0 g/L corresponded to a 75.0% sensitivity and a 86.6% specificity, while a 3.2% cutoff showed a 96.4% sensitivity and a 67.4% specificity. The V8 Nexus α1 band 2 was the method the most correlated with A1AT (r=0.90-0.94). CONCLUSIONS The V8 Nexus α1 band 2 was the best predictor of A1AT deficiency, probably owing to a better resolution. The use of SPE was however unable to predict each phenotype. Phenotype or genotype studies are therefore still advisable in case of A1AT deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Wauthier
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Jacques
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
| | - Joris Delanghe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Julien Favresse
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium.,Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for LIfes Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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4
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Sun S, Wang C, Zhao P, Kline GM, Grandjean JMD, Jiang X, Labaudiniere R, Wiseman RL, Kelly JW, Balch WE. Capturing the conversion of the pathogenic alpha-1-antitrypsin fold by ATF6 enhanced proteostasis. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:22-42.e5. [PMID: 36630963 PMCID: PMC9930901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation in alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) causes AAT deficiency (AATD) through liver aggregation-associated gain-of-toxic pathology and/or insufficient AAT activity in the lung manifesting as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we utilize 71 AATD-associated variants as input through Gaussian process (GP)-based machine learning to study the correction of AAT folding and function at a residue-by-residue level by pharmacological activation of the ATF6 arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR). We show that ATF6 activators increase AAT neutrophil elastase (NE) inhibitory activity, while reducing polymer accumulation for the majority of AATD variants, including the prominent Z variant. GP-based profiling of the residue-by-residue response to ATF6 activators captures an unexpected role of the "gate" area in managing AAT-specific activity. Our work establishes a new spatial covariant (SCV) understanding of the convertible state of the protein fold in response to genetic perturbation and active environmental management by proteostasis enhancement for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Sun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pei Zhao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gabe M Kline
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Xin Jiang
- Protego Biopharma, 10945 Vista Sorrento Parkway, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William E Balch
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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5
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Packer MS, Chowdhary V, Lung G, Cheng LI, Aratyn-Schaus Y, Leboeuf D, Smith S, Shah A, Chen D, Zieger M, Cafferty BJ, Yan B, Ciaramella G, Gregoire FM, Mueller C. Evaluation of cytosine base editing and adenine base editing as a potential treatment for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1396-1406. [PMID: 35121111 PMCID: PMC9077367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare autosomal codominant disease caused by mutations within the SERPINA1 gene. The most prevalent variant in patients is PiZ SERPINA1, containing a single G > A transition mutation. PiZ alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is prone to misfolding, leading to the accumulation of toxic aggregates within hepatocytes. In addition, the abnormally low level of AAT secreted into circulation provides insufficient inhibition of neutrophil elastase within the lungs, eventually causing emphysema. Cytosine and adenine base editors enable the programmable conversion of C⋅G to T⋅A and A⋅T to G⋅C base pairs, respectively. In this study, two different base editing approaches were developed: use of a cytosine base editor to install a compensatory mutation (p.Met374Ile) and use of an adenine base editor to mediate the correction of the pathogenic PiZ mutation. After treatment with lipid nanoparticles formulated with base editing reagents, PiZ-transgenic mice exhibited durable editing of SERPINA1 in the liver, increased serum AAT, and improved liver histology. These results indicate that base editing has the potential to address both lung and liver disease in AATD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Chowdhary
- Gene Therapy Department, UMass Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Genesis Lung
- Beam Therapeutics, 238 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lo-I Cheng
- Beam Therapeutics, 238 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah Smith
- Beam Therapeutics, 238 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aalok Shah
- Beam Therapeutics, 238 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Delai Chen
- Beam Therapeutics, 238 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marina Zieger
- Gene Therapy Department, UMass Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | | | - Bo Yan
- Beam Therapeutics, 238 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | - Christian Mueller
- Gene Therapy Department, UMass Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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LMAN1-MCFD2 complex is a cargo receptor for the ER-Golgi transport of α1-antitrypsin. Biochem J 2022; 479:839-855. [PMID: 35322856 PMCID: PMC9022998 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
α1-antitrypsin (AAT) is a serine protease inhibitor synthesized in hepatocytes and protects the lung from damage by neutrophil elastase. AAT gene mutations result in AAT deficiency (AATD), which leads to lung and liver diseases. The AAT Z variant forms polymer within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes and results in reduction of AAT secretion and severe disease. Previous studies demonstrated a secretion defect of AAT in LMAN1 deficient cells, and mild decreases in AAT levels in male LMAN1 and MCFD2 deficient mice. LMAN1 is a transmembrane lectin that forms a complex with a small soluble protein MCFD2. The LMAN1-MCFD2 protein complex cycles between the ER and the Golgi. Here we report that LMAN1 and MCFD2 knockout (KO) HepG2 and HEK293T cells display reduced AAT secretion and elevated intracellular AAT levels due to a delayed ER-to-Golgi transport of AAT. Secretion defects in KO cells were rescued by wild-type LMAN1 or MCFD2, but not by mutant proteins. Elimination of the second glycosylation site of AAT abolished LMAN1 dependent secretion. Co-immunoprecipitation experiment in MCFD2 KO cells suggested that AAT interaction with LMAN1 is independent of MCFD2. Furthermore, our results suggest that secretion of the Z variant, both monomers and polymers, is also LMAN1-dependent. Results provide direct evidence supporting that the LMAN1-MCFD2 complex is a cargo receptor for the ER-to-Golgi transport of AAT and that interactions of LMAN1 with an N-glycan of AAT is critical for this process. These results have implications in production of recombinant AAT and in developing treatments for AATD patients.
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7
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Riis J, Nordestgaard BG, Afzal S. α 1 -Antitrypsin Z allele and risk of venous thromboembolism in the general population. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:115-125. [PMID: 34662507 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The α1 -antitrypsin Z (rs28929474) allele may lead to alterations in hemostasis either through liver disease or effects on coagulation factors. OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that the α1 -antitrypsin Z genetic variant is associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism. METHODS A total of 107 075 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study were used to test the association of the α1 -antitrypsin Z genetic variant with risk of venous thromboembolism, including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, prospectively. Confirmatory analyses were done in the UK Biobank. RESULTS During follow-up, venous thromboembolism was diagnosed 6649 times in noncarriers, 436 times in heterozygotes, and 10 times in homozygotes. Hazard ratios for venous thromboembolism in α1 -antitrypsin Z heterozygotes and homozygotes versus noncarriers were 1.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.2) and 2.2 (1.3-3.7). A one Z allele increase was associated with a hazard ratio for venous thromboembolism of 1.2 (1.0-1.3). The corresponding odds ratio in the UK Biobank was 1.2 (1.1-1.3). The absolute risk of venous thromboembolism associated with α1 -antitrypsin ZZ homozygosity was 7.8% (3.6-12.1). The corresponding estimates were 20.1% (9.1-31.2) for prothrombin G20210A and 15.0% (12.6-17.4) for factor V Leiden. The fraction of venous thromboembolic events attributable to the α1 -antitrypsin Z allele was 0.7% (0.1-1.3). For the prothrombin G20210A and factor V Leiden mutations, population attributable fractions were 1.2% (0.9-1.6) and 10.5% (9.9-11.1). CONCLUSION In conclusion, α1 -antitrypsin ZZ homozygosity was associated with a 2.2-fold risk of venous thromboembolism and had a comparable population attributable fraction to prothrombin G20210A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Riis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shoaib Afzal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Apgar TL, Sanders CR. Compendium of causative genes and their encoded proteins for common monogenic disorders. Protein Sci 2022; 31:75-91. [PMID: 34515378 PMCID: PMC8740837 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A compendium is presented of inherited monogenic disorders that have a prevalence of >1:20,000 in the human population, along with their causative genes and encoded proteins. "Simple" monogenic diseases are those for which the clinical features are caused by mutations impacting a single gene, usually in a manner that alters the sequence of the encoded protein. Of course, for a given "monogenic disorder", there is sometimes more than one potential disease gene, mutations in any one of which is sufficient to cause phenotypes of that disorder. Disease-causing mutations for monogenic disorders are usually passed on from generation to generation in a Mendelian fashion, and originate from spontaneous (de novo) germline founder mutations. In the past monogenic disorders have often been written off as targets for drug discovery because they sometimes are assumed to be rare disorders, for which the meager projected financial payoff of drug discovery and development has discouraged investment. However, not all monogenic diseases are rare. Here, we report that that currently available data identifies 72 disorders with a prevalence of at least 1 in 20,000 humans. For each, we tabulate the gene(s) for which mutations cause the spectrum of phenotypes associated with that disorder. We also identify the gene and protein that most commonly causes each disease. 34 of these disorders are caused exclusively by mutations in only a single gene and encoded protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tucker L. Apgar
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic SciencesNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Charles R. Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic SciencesNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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Plessa E, Chu LP, Chan SHS, Thomas OL, Cassaignau AME, Waudby CA, Christodoulou J, Cabrita LD. Nascent chains can form co-translational folding intermediates that promote post-translational folding outcomes in a disease-causing protein. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6447. [PMID: 34750347 PMCID: PMC8576036 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
During biosynthesis, proteins can begin folding co-translationally to acquire their biologically-active structures. Folding, however, is an imperfect process and in many cases misfolding results in disease. Less is understood of how misfolding begins during biosynthesis. The human protein, alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) folds under kinetic control via a folding intermediate; its pathological variants readily form self-associated polymers at the site of synthesis, leading to alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. We observe that AAT nascent polypeptides stall during their biosynthesis, resulting in full-length nascent chains that remain bound to ribosome, forming a persistent ribosome-nascent chain complex (RNC) prior to release. We analyse the structure of these RNCs, which reveals compacted, partially-folded co-translational folding intermediates possessing molten-globule characteristics. We find that the highly-polymerogenic mutant, Z AAT, forms a distinct co-translational folding intermediate relative to wild-type. Its very modest structural differences suggests that the ribosome uniquely tempers the impact of deleterious mutations during nascent chain emergence. Following nascent chain release however, these co-translational folding intermediates guide post-translational folding outcomes thus suggesting that Z's misfolding is initiated from co-translational structure. Our findings demonstrate that co-translational folding intermediates drive how some proteins fold under kinetic control, and may thus also serve as tractable therapeutic targets for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Plessa
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lien P Chu
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sammy H S Chan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Oliver L Thomas
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anaïs M E Cassaignau
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Christopher A Waudby
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - John Christodoulou
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. .,School of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK.
| | - Lisa D Cabrita
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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10
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D'Acunto E, Fra A, Visentin C, Manno M, Ricagno S, Galliciotti G, Miranda E. Neuroserpin: structure, function, physiology and pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6409-6430. [PMID: 34405255 PMCID: PMC8558161 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuroserpin is a serine protease inhibitor identified in a search for proteins implicated in neuronal axon growth and synapse formation. Since its discovery over 30 years ago, it has been the focus of active research. Many efforts have concentrated in elucidating its neuroprotective role in brain ischemic lesions, the structural bases of neuroserpin conformational change and the effects of neuroserpin polymers that underlie the neurodegenerative disease FENIB (familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies), but the investigation of the physiological roles of neuroserpin has increased over the last years. In this review, we present an updated and critical revision of the current literature dealing with neuroserpin, covering all aspects of research including the expression and physiological roles of neuroserpin, both inside and outside the nervous system; its inhibitory and non-inhibitory mechanisms of action; the molecular structure of the monomeric and polymeric conformations of neuroserpin, including a detailed description of the polymerisation mechanism; and the involvement of neuroserpin in human disease, with particular emphasis on FENIB. Finally, we briefly discuss the identification by genome-wide screening of novel neuroserpin variants and their possible pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela D'Acunto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Fra
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Visentin
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Manno
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Galliciotti
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena Miranda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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11
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Chen YH, Cheadle CE, Rice LV, Pfeffer PE, Dimeloe S, Gupta A, Bush A, Gooptu B, Hawrylowicz CM. The Induction of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin by Vitamin D in Human T Cells Is TGF-β Dependent: A Proposed Anti-inflammatory Role in Airway Disease. Front Nutr 2021; 8:667203. [PMID: 34458299 PMCID: PMC8397538 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.667203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D upregulates anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial pathways that promote respiratory health. Vitamin D synthesis is initiated following skin exposure to sunlight, however nutritional supplementation can be required to address deficiency, for example during the winter months or due to cultural constraints. We recently reported that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) treatment induced alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) expression in CD4+, but not CD8+ T cells, with evidence supporting an immunoregulatory role. Research Question: To understand the relationship between vitamin D, lung AAT levels and T lymphocytes further we investigated whether TGF-β is required as a co-factor for 1,25(OH)2D3-induced upregulation of AAT by vitamin D in CD8+ T cells in vitro and correlated circulating vitamin D levels with lung AAT levels in vivo. Results: 1,25(OH)2D3 in combination with TGF-β1 increased AAT expression by CD8+ T cells, as well as VDR and RXRα gene expression, which may partly explain the requirement for TGF-β. CD4+ T cells may also require autocrine stimulation with TGF-β as a co-factor since 1,25(OH)2D3 was associated with increased TGF-β bioactivity and neutralisation of TGF-β partially abrogated 1,25(OH)2D3-induced SERPINA1 gene expression. Neither CD4+ nor CD8+ T cells responded to the circulating vitamin D precursor, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 for induction of SERPINA1, suggesting that local generation of 1,25(OH)2D3 is required. Transcriptional gene profiling studies previously demonstrated that human bronchial epithelial cells rapidly increased TGF-β2 gene expression in response to 1,25(OH)2D3. Here, human epithelial cells responded to precursor 25(OH)D3 to increase bioactive TGF-β synthesis. CD8+ T cells responded comparably to TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 to increase 1,25(OH)2D3-induced AAT. However, CD8+ T cells from adults with AAT-deficiency, homozygous for the Z allele of SERPINA1, were unable to mount this response. AAT levels in the airways of children with asthma and controls correlated with circulating 25(OH)D3. Conclusions: Vitamin D increases AAT expression in human T cells and this response is impaired in T cells from individuals homozygous for the Z allele of SERPINA1 in a clinic population. Furthermore, a correlation between circulating vitamin D and airway AAT is reported. We propose that vitamin D-induced AAT contributes to local immunomodulation and airway health effects previously attributed to vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Huai Chen
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology (Formerly Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology), School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte E Cheadle
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology (Formerly Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology), School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise V Rice
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology (Formerly Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology), School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul E Pfeffer
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology (Formerly Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology), School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Dimeloe
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology (Formerly Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology), School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Atul Gupta
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology (Formerly Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology), School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Bush
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bibek Gooptu
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology (Formerly Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology), School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre-Respiratory and Leicester Institute of Structural & Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,London Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Service, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M Hawrylowicz
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology (Formerly Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology), School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Park SM, Kang TI, So JS. Roles of XBP1s in Transcriptional Regulation of Target Genes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070791. [PMID: 34356855 PMCID: PMC8301375 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The spliced form of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) is an active transcription factor that plays a vital role in the unfolded protein response (UPR). Under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, unspliced Xbp1 mRNA is cleaved by the activated stress sensor IRE1α and converted to the mature form encoding spliced XBP1 (XBP1s). Translated XBP1s migrates to the nucleus and regulates the transcriptional programs of UPR target genes encoding ER molecular chaperones, folding enzymes, and ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) components to decrease ER stress. Moreover, studies have shown that XBP1s regulates the transcription of diverse genes that are involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and immune responses. Therefore, XBP1s has been considered an important therapeutic target in studying various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. XBP1s is involved in several unique mechanisms to regulate the transcription of different target genes by interacting with other proteins to modulate their activity. Although recent studies discovered numerous target genes of XBP1s via genome-wide analyses, how XBP1s regulates their transcription remains unclear. This review discusses the roles of XBP1s in target genes transcriptional regulation. More in-depth knowledge of XBP1s target genes and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in the future will help develop new therapeutic targets for each disease.
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13
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Diagnosis and management of secondary causes of steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2021; 74:1455-1471. [PMID: 33577920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The term non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was originally coined to describe hepatic fat deposition as part of the metabolic syndrome. However, a variety of rare hereditary liver and metabolic diseases, intestinal diseases, endocrine disorders and drugs may underlie, mimic, or aggravate NAFLD. In contrast to primary NAFLD, therapeutic interventions are available for many secondary causes of NAFLD. Accordingly, secondary causes of fatty liver disease should be considered during the diagnostic workup of patients with fatty liver disease, and treatment of the underlying disease should be started to halt disease progression. Common genetic variants in several genes involved in lipid handling and metabolism modulate the risk of progression from steatosis to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma development in NAFLD, alcohol-related liver disease and viral hepatitis. Hence, we speculate that genotyping of common risk variants for liver disease progression may be equally useful to gauge the likelihood of developing advanced liver disease in patients with secondary fatty liver disease.
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14
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Ordóñez A, Harding HP, Marciniak SJ, Ron D. Cargo receptor-assisted endoplasmic reticulum export of pathogenic α1-antitrypsin polymers. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109144. [PMID: 34010647 PMCID: PMC8149808 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating polymers of α1-antitrypsin (α1AT) are neutrophil chemo-attractants and contribute to inflammation, yet cellular factors affecting their secretion remain obscure. We report on a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen for genes affecting trafficking of polymerogenic α1ATH334D. A CRISPR enrichment approach based on recovery of single guide RNA (sgRNA) sequences from phenotypically selected fixed cells reveals that cells with high-polymer content are enriched in sgRNAs targeting genes involved in "cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicles," where "COPII" is coat protein II, including the cargo receptors lectin mannose binding1 (LMAN1) and surfeit protein locus 4 (SURF4). LMAN1- and SURF4-disrupted cells display a secretion defect extending beyond α1AT monomers to polymers. Polymer secretion is especially dependent on SURF4 and correlates with a SURF4-α1ATH334D physical interaction and with their co-localization at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These findings indicate that ER cargo receptors co-ordinate progression of α1AT out of the ER and modulate the accumulation of polymeric α1AT not only by controlling the concentration of precursor monomers but also by promoting secretion of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ordóñez
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Heather P. Harding
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Stefan J. Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - David Ron
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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15
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Karatas E, Raymond AA, Leon C, Dupuy JW, Di-Tommaso S, Senant N, Collardeau-Frachon S, Ruiz M, Lachaux A, Saltel F, Bouchecareilh M. Hepatocyte proteomes reveal the role of protein disulfide isomerase 4 in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100297. [PMID: 34151245 PMCID: PMC8192868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims A single point mutation in the Z-variant of alpha 1-antitrypsin (Z-AAT) alone can lead to both a protein folding and trafficking defect, preventing its exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and the formation of aggregates that are retained as inclusions within the ER of hepatocytes. These defects result in a systemic AAT deficiency (AATD) that causes lung disease, whereas the ER-retained aggregates can induce severe liver injury in patients with ZZ-AATD. Unfortunately, therapeutic approaches are still limited and liver transplantation represents the only curative treatment option. To overcome this limitation, a better understanding of the molecular basis of ER aggregate formation could provide new strategies for therapeutic intervention. Methods Our functional and omics approaches here based on human hepatocytes from patients with ZZ-AATD have enabled the identification and characterisation of the role of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) A4/ERP72 in features of AATD-mediated liver disease. Results We report that 4 members of the PDI family (PDIA4, PDIA3, P4HB, and TXNDC5) are specifically upregulated in ZZ-AATD liver samples from adult patients. Furthermore, we show that only PDIA4 knockdown or alteration of its activity by cysteamine treatment can promote Z-AAT secretion and lead to a marked decrease in Z aggregates. Finally, detailed analysis of the Z-AAT interactome shows that PDIA4 silencing provides a more conducive environment for folding of the Z mutant, accompanied by reduction of Z-AAT-mediated oxidative stress, a feature of AATD-mediated liver disease. Conclusions PDIA4 is involved in AATD-mediated liver disease and thus represents a therapeutic target for inhibition by drugs such as cysteamine. PDI inhibition therefore represents a potential therapeutic approach for treatment of AATD. Lay summary Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family members, and particularly PDIA4, are upregulated and involved in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD)-mediated liver disease in adults. PDI inhibition upon cysteamine treatment leads to improvements in features of AATD and hence represents a therapeutic approach for treatment of AATD-mediated liver disease. PDIA4 is upregulated and involved in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD)-mediated liver disease in adults. Knockdown of PDIA4 by siRNA or inhibition upon cysteamine treatment leads to improvements in features of AATD. RNA interference against PDIA4 or cysteamine represent approaches for treatment of AATD-mediated liver disease.
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Key Words
- AAT, alpha 1-antitrypsin
- AATD, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency
- Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency
- CF, cystic fibrosis
- CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
- Cysteamine
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FFPE, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded
- FKBP10, FK506-binding protein (FKBP) isoform 10
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- IP, immunoprecipitation
- Liver damage
- NHK, null Hong Kong variant of AAT
- P4HB, prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta/PDIA1
- PDI, protein disulfide isomerase
- PDIA3, protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3/ERP57
- PDIA4
- PDIA4, protein disulfide isomerase family A member 4/ERP70/ERP72
- PDIi, PDI inhibitors
- Protein disulfide isomerase
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SURF4, proteins Surfeit 4
- Scr, scramble
- TRX, thioredoxin
- TXNDC5, thioredoxin domain containing 5/PDIA15
- Treatment
- WT, wild-type
- Z-AAT, alpha 1-antitrypsin Z variant
- ZZ, homozygosis for the Z mutant allele
- siRNA, small RNA interference
- ΔF508-CFTR, most common mutation of CFTR, which deletes phenylalanine508
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Karatas
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne-Aurélie Raymond
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France.,Oncoprot, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, TBM-Core, UMS 3427, US 5, Bordeaux, France
| | - Céline Leon
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Sylvaine Di-Tommaso
- Oncoprot, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, TBM-Core, UMS 3427, US 5, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Senant
- Plateforme d'histopathologie, TBM-Core US 005, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Collardeau-Frachon
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Hépatologie, Gastroentérologie et Nutrition pédiatriques, Centre de référence de l'atrésie des voies biliaires et cholestases génétiques, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Mathias Ruiz
- Hépatologie, Gastroentérologie et Nutrition pédiatriques, Centre de référence de l'atrésie des voies biliaires et cholestases génétiques, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.,Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Alain Lachaux
- Hépatologie, Gastroentérologie et Nutrition pédiatriques, Centre de référence de l'atrésie des voies biliaires et cholestases génétiques, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.,Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Saltel
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France.,Oncoprot, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, TBM-Core, UMS 3427, US 5, Bordeaux, France
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16
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Seixas S, Marques PI. Known Mutations at the Cause of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency an Updated Overview of SERPINA1 Variation Spectrum. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2021; 14:173-194. [PMID: 33790624 PMCID: PMC7997584 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s257511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-1-Antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), caused by SERPINA1 mutations, is one of the most prevalent Mendelian disorders among individuals of European descend. However, this condition, which is characterized by reduced serum levels of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and associated with increased risks of pulmonary emphysema and liver disease in both children and adults, remains frequently underdiagnosed. AATD clinical manifestations are often correlated with two pathogenic variants, the Z allele (p.Glu342Lys) and the S allele (p.Glu264Val), which can be combined in severe ZZ or moderate SZ risk genotypes. Yet, screenings of AATD cases and large sequencing efforts carried out in both control and disease populations are disclosing outstanding numbers of rare SERPINA1 variants (>500), including many pathogenic and other likely deleterious mutations. Generally speaking, pathogenic variants can be subdivided into either loss- or gain-of-function according to their pathophysiological effects. In AATD, the loss-of-function is correlated with an uncontrolled activity of elastase by its natural inhibitor, the AAT. This phenomenon can result from the absence of circulating AAT (null alleles), poor AAT secretion from hepatocytes (deficiency alleles) or even from a modified inhibitory activity (dysfunctional alleles). On the other hand, the gain-of-function is connected with the formation of AAT polymers and their switching on of cellular stress and inflammatory responses (deficiency alleles). Less frequently, the gain-of-function is related to a modified protease affinity (dysfunctional alleles). Here, we revisit SERPINA1 mutation spectrum, its origins and population history with a greater emphasis on variants fitting the aforementioned processes of AATD pathogenesis. Those were selected based on their clinical significance and wider geographic distribution. Moreover, we also provide some directions for future studies of AATD clinically heterogeneity and comprehensive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Seixas
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Patricia Isabel Marques
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
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17
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Pini L, Paoletti G, Heffler E, Tantucci C, Puggioni F. Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 21:46-51. [PMID: 33284159 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of the article is to highlight the association between α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) and asthma. RECENT FINDINGS AATD is one of the most common and underrecognized autosomal disorders associated with an increased risk of developing liver and lung diseases. An association between α1-antitrypsin and asthma has been suggested, especially with severe forms of this disease. Many studies have shown an increased prevalence of asthma in the α1-antitrypsin-deficient population overtime (4-38%). The biological mechanism underlying these two conditions and able to bind them has not yet been well investigated. As α1-antitrypsin is the main inhibitor of the serine proteinase and it is an important anti-inflammatory protein with pronounced immunomodulatory activities, it can be hypothesized that the link between AATD and asthma might be represented by the elastase/antielastase imbalance and the proinflammatory effect that occurs because of the reduction of this protein. SUMMARY There is a strong need for further researches to better understand the molecular mechanisms binding AATD and asthma. It is also recommendable to screen for AATD, late-onset asthma patients, and/or those with not fully reversible airways obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pini
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Spedali Civili
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia
| | - Giovanni Paoletti
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Claudio Tantucci
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Spedali Civili
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia
| | - Francesca Puggioni
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
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18
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Jagger AM, Waudby CA, Irving JA, Christodoulou J, Lomas DA. High-resolution ex vivo NMR spectroscopy of human Z α 1-antitrypsin. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6371. [PMID: 33311470 PMCID: PMC7732992 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations predispose the serine protease inhibitor α1-antitrypsin to misfolding and polymerisation within hepatocytes, causing liver disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This misfolding occurs via a transiently populated intermediate state, but our structural understanding of this process is limited by the instability of recombinant α1-antitrypsin variants in solution. Here we apply NMR spectroscopy to patient-derived samples of α1-antitrypsin at natural isotopic abundance to investigate the consequences of disease-causing mutations, and observe widespread chemical shift perturbations for methyl groups in Z AAT (E342K). By comparison with perturbations induced by binding of a small-molecule inhibitor of misfolding we conclude that they arise from rapid exchange between the native conformation and a well-populated intermediate state. The observation that this intermediate is stabilised by inhibitor binding suggests a paradoxical approach to the targeted treatment of protein misfolding disorders, wherein the stabilisation of disease-associated states provides selectivity while inhibiting further transitions along misfolding pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair M Jagger
- UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and School of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, University of London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Christopher A Waudby
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and School of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, University of London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - James A Irving
- UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and School of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, University of London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - John Christodoulou
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and School of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, University of London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and School of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, University of London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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19
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Mohan HM, Yang B, Dean NA, Raghavan M. Calreticulin enhances the secretory trafficking of a misfolded α-1-antitrypsin. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16754-16772. [PMID: 32978262 PMCID: PMC7864070 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
α1-antitrypsin (AAT) regulates the activity of multiple proteases in the lungs and liver. A mutant of AAT (E342K) called ATZ forms polymers that are present at only low levels in the serum and induce intracellular protein inclusions, causing lung emphysema and liver cirrhosis. An understanding of factors that can reduce the intracellular accumulation of ATZ is of great interest. We now show that calreticulin (CRT), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) glycoprotein chaperone, promotes the secretory trafficking of ATZ, enhancing the media:cell ratio. This effect is more pronounced for ATZ than with AAT and is only partially dependent on the glycan-binding site of CRT, which is generally relevant to substrate recruitment and folding by CRT. The CRT-related chaperone calnexin does not enhance ATZ secretory trafficking, despite the higher cellular abundance of calnexin-ATZ complexes. CRT deficiency alters the distributions of ATZ-ER chaperone complexes, increasing ATZ-BiP binding and inclusion body formation and reducing ATZ interactions with components required for ER-Golgi trafficking, coincident with reduced levels of the protein transport protein Sec31A in CRT-deficient cells. These findings indicate a novel role for CRT in promoting the secretory trafficking of a protein that forms polymers and large intracellular inclusions. Inefficient secretory trafficking of ATZ in the absence of CRT is coincident with enhanced accumulation of ER-derived ATZ inclusion bodies. Further understanding of the factors that control the secretory trafficking of ATZ and their regulation by CRT could lead to new therapies for lung and liver diseases linked to AAT deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harihar Milaganur Mohan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA
| | - Boning Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA
| | - Nicole A Dean
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA.
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20
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Kellici TF, Pilka ES, Bodkin MJ. Small-molecule modulators of serine protease inhibitor proteins (serpins). Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:442-454. [PMID: 33259801 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are a large family of proteins that regulate and control crucial physiological processes, such as inflammation, coagulation, thrombosis and thrombolysis, and immune responses. The extraordinary impact that these proteins have on numerous crucial pathways makes them an attractive target for drug discovery. In this review, we discuss recent advances in research on small-molecule modulators of serpins, examine their mode of action, analyse the structural data from crystallised protein-ligand complexes, and highlight the potential obstacles and possible therapeutic perspectives. The application of in silico methods for rational drug discovery is also summarised. In addition, we stress the need for continued research in this field.
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21
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Kumar R, Chhikara BS, Gulia K, Chhillar M. Cleaning the molecular machinery of cells via proteostasis, proteolysis and endocytosis selectively, effectively, and precisely: intracellular self-defense and cellular perturbations. Mol Omics 2020; 17:11-28. [PMID: 33135707 DOI: 10.1039/d0mo00085j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Network coordinates of cellular processes (proteostasis, proteolysis, and endocytosis), and molecular chaperones are the key complements in the cell machinery and processes. Specifically, cellular pathways are responsible for the conformational maintenance, cellular concentration, interactions, protein synthesis, disposal of misfolded proteins, localization, folding, and degradation. The failure of cellular processes and pathways disturbs structural proteins and the nucleation of amyloids. These mishaps further initiate amyloid polymorphism, transmissibility, co-aggregation of pathogenic proteins in tissues and cells, prion strains, and mechanisms and pathways for toxicity. Consequently, these conditions favor and lead to the formation of elongated amyloid fibrils consisting of many-stranded β-sheets (N,N-terminus and C,C-terminus), and abnormal fibrous, extracellular, proteinaceous deposits. Finally, these β-sheets deposit, and cells fail to degrade them effectively. The essential torsion angles (φ, ψ, and ω) define the conformation of proteins and their architecture. Cells initiate several transformations and pathways during the regulation of protein homeostasis based on the requirements for the functioning of the cell, which are governed by ATP-dependent proteases. In this process, the kinetics of the molding/folding phenomenon is disturbed, and subsequently, it is dominated by cross-domain misfolding intermediates; however, simultaneously, it is opposed by small stretching forces, which naturally exist in the cell. The ubiquitin/proteasome system deals with damaged proteins, which are not refolded by the chaperone-type machinery. Ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3-Ub) participate in all the cellular activity initiated and governed by molecular chaperones to stabilize the cellular proteome and participate in the degradation phenomenon implemented for damaged proteins. Optical tweezers, a single-resolution based technique, disclose the folding pathway of linear chain proteins, which is how they convert themselves into a three-dimensional architecture. Further, DNA-protein conjugation analysis is performed to obtain folding energies as single-molecule kinetic and thermodynamic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Kumar
- NIET, National Institute of Medical Science, India.
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22
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Liu Y, Huang D, Li B, Liu W, Sooranna SR, Pan X, Huang Z, Guo J. Association between α1-antitrypsin and acute coronary syndrome. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:119. [PMID: 33005245 PMCID: PMC7523274 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
α1-antitrypsin (AAT) is a protein released as part of the anti-inflammatory response. It regulates the activity of serine proteinases and has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The present study aimed to examine its role in patients with ACS. The plasma samples of 117 patients were collected at the Cardiology Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University (Baise, China). These included 46 cases of ACS (who met the diagnostic criteria for ACS and had ≥50% luminal stenosis of any coronary vessel), 35 cases of stable angina (SA; with ≥50% luminal stenosis of any coronary vessel but in a stable condition) and 36 normal healthy controls (subjects with no luminal stenosis in their coronary arteries). Plasma AAT protein concentrations were measured by ELISA and clinical data were collected. The plasma levels of AAT protein in patients with ACS were lower than those in controls and cases of SA (P<0.05), and the levels tended to decrease with the number of coronary artery lesions involved. There were no significant associations of the expression of plasma AAT protein and the number of diseased vessels in patients or the degree of stenosis. There was no correlation between the plasma protein levels of AAT and Gensini scores of patients with ACS. In conclusion, the plasma AAT protein levels in patients with ACS may contribute to the occurrence and development of coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Da Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Beilin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Suren R Sooranna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Xingshou Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohe Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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23
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Neutrophil elastase promotes macrophage cell adhesion and cytokine production through the integrin-Src kinases pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15874. [PMID: 32981934 PMCID: PMC7522083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There are a number of respiratory diseases characterized by the presence of excess neutrophil elastase (NE) activity in tissues, including cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). NE is considered a primary contributor to disease development, but the precise mechanism has yet to be fully determined. We hypothesized that NE alters the function of macrophages (Mɸ) which play a critical role in many physiological processes in healthy lungs. We demonstrate that monocyte-derived Mɸ exposed to NE releases active matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), increase expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-8, and reduce capacity to phagocytose bacteria. Changes in Mɸ function following NE treatment were accompanied by increased adhesion and cytoskeleton re-arrangement, indicating the possibility of integrin involvement. To support this observation, we demonstrate that NE induces phosphorylation of kinases from the Src kinase family, a hallmark of integrin signaling activation. Moreover, pretreatment of Mɸ with a specific Src kinase inhibitor, PP2 completely prevents NE-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Taken together these findings indicate that NE participates in lung destruction not only through direct proteolytic degradation of matrix proteins, but also through activation of Mɸ inflammatory and proteolytic functions.
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24
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Abstract
Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) is an inherited cause of chronic liver disease. It is inherited in an autosomal codominant pattern with each inherited allele expressed in the formation of the final protein, which is primarily produced in hepatocytes. The disease usually occurs in pediatric and elderly populations. The disease occurs with the accumulation of abnormal protein polymers within hepatocytes that can induce liver injury and fibrosis. It is a commonly under-recognized and underdiagnosed condition. Patients diagnosed with the disease should be regularly monitored for the development of liver disease. Liver transplant is of proven benefit in A1ATD liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignan Manne
- Sunrise Health Consortium GME, 2880 North Tenaya Way, Las Vegas, NV 89128, USA
| | - Kris V Kowdley
- 3216 Northeast 45th Place Suite 212, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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25
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Bargagli E, Cameli P, Carleo A, Refini RM, Bergantini L, D'alessandro M, Vietri L, Perillo F, Volterrani L, Rottoli P, Bini L, Landi C. The effect of cigarette smoking on bronchoalveolar lavage protein profiles from patients with different interstitial lung diseases. Panminerva Med 2020; 62:109-115. [DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.19.03754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency: A Disorder of Proteostasis-Mediated Protein Folding and Trafficking Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041493. [PMID: 32098273 PMCID: PMC7073043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cells express large amounts of different proteins continuously that must fold into well-defined structures that need to remain correctly folded and assemble in order to ensure their cellular and biological functions. The integrity of this protein balance/homeostasis, also named proteostasis, is maintained by the proteostasis network (PN). This integrated biological system, which comprises about 2000 proteins (chaperones, folding enzymes, degradation components), control and coordinate protein synthesis folding and localization, conformational maintenance, and degradation. This network is particularly challenged by mutations such as those found in genetic diseases, because of the inability of an altered peptide sequence to properly engage PN components that trigger misfolding and loss of function. Thus, deletions found in the ΔF508 variant of the Cystic Fibrosis (CF) transmembrane regulator (CFTR) triggering CF or missense mutations found in the Z variant of Alpha 1-Antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), leading to lung and liver diseases, can accelerate misfolding and/or generate aggregates. Conversely to CF variants, for which three correctors are already approved (ivacaftor, lumacaftor/ivacaftor, and most recently tezacaftor/ivacaftor), there are limited therapeutic options for AATD. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of the PN components governing AAT variant biogenesis and their manipulation by pharmacological intervention could delay, or even better, avoid the onset of AATD-related pathologies.
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27
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Gershenson A, Gosavi S, Faccioli P, Wintrode PL. Successes and challenges in simulating the folding of large proteins. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15-33. [PMID: 31712314 PMCID: PMC6952611 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.006794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational simulations of protein folding can be used to interpret experimental folding results, to design new folding experiments, and to test the effects of mutations and small molecules on folding. However, whereas major experimental and computational progress has been made in understanding how small proteins fold, research on larger, multidomain proteins, which comprise the majority of proteins, is less advanced. Specifically, large proteins often fold via long-lived partially folded intermediates, whose structures, potentially toxic oligomerization, and interactions with cellular chaperones remain poorly understood. Molecular dynamics based folding simulations that rely on knowledge of the native structure can provide critical, detailed information on folding free energy landscapes, intermediates, and pathways. Further, increases in computational power and methodological advances have made folding simulations of large proteins practical and valuable. Here, using serpins that inhibit proteases as an example, we review native-centric methods for simulating the folding of large proteins. These synergistic approaches range from Gō and related structure-based models that can predict the effects of the native structure on folding to all-atom-based methods that include side-chain chemistry and can predict how disease-associated mutations may impact folding. The application of these computational approaches to serpins and other large proteins highlights the successes and limitations of current computational methods and underscores how computational results can be used to inform experiments. These powerful simulation approaches in combination with experiments can provide unique insights into how large proteins fold and misfold, expanding our ability to predict and manipulate protein folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gershenson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003.
| | - Shachi Gosavi
- Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore-560065, India.
| | - Pietro Faccioli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Trento, 38122 Povo (Trento), Italy; Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, 38123 Povo (Trento), Italy.
| | - Patrick L Wintrode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.
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28
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Jinru XMS, Yu YMS, Bo JMD, Linxue QMD, Xian-Quan SP. Identification of Key Genes Between Lung Adenocarcinoma and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Bioinformatics Analysis. ADVANCED ULTRASOUND IN DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.37015/audt.2020.200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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29
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Wang C, Zhao P, Sun S, Teckman J, Balch WE. Leveraging Population Genomics for Individualized Correction of the Hallmarks of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES-JOURNAL OF THE COPD FOUNDATION 2020; 7:224-246. [PMID: 32726074 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.7.3.2019.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Deep medicine is rapidly moving towards a high-definition approach for therapeutic management of the patient as an individual given the rapid progress of genome sequencing technologies and machine learning algorithms. While considered a monogenic disease, alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (AATD) patients present with complex and variable phenotypes we refer to as the "hallmarks of AATD" that involve distinct molecular mechanisms in the liver, plasma and lung tissues, likely due to both coding and non-coding variation as well as genetic and environmental modifiers in different individuals. Herein, we briefly review the current therapeutic strategies for the management of AATD. To embrace genetic diversity in the management of AATD, we provide an overview of the disease phenotypes of AATD patients harboring different AAT variants. Linking genotypic diversity to phenotypic diversity illustrates the potential for sequence-specific regions of AAT protein fold design to play very different roles during nascent synthesis in the liver and/or function in post-liver plasma and lung environments. We illustrate how to manage diversity with recently developed machine learning (ML) approaches that bridge sequence-to-function-to-structure knowledge gaps based on the principle of spatial covariance (SCV). SCV relationships provide a deep understanding of the genotype to phenotype transformation initiated by AAT variation in the population to address the role of genetic and environmental modifiers in the individual. Embracing the complexity of AATD in the population is critical for risk management and therapeutic intervention to generate a high definition medicine approach for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California
| | - Pei Zhao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California
| | - Shuhong Sun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California
| | - Jeffrey Teckman
- Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Saint Louis University, and Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - William E Balch
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California
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30
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Scott BM, Sheffield WP. Engineering the serpin α 1 -antitrypsin: A diversity of goals and techniques. Protein Sci 2019; 29:856-871. [PMID: 31774589 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
α1 -Antitrypsin (α1 -AT) serves as an archetypal example for the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) protein family and has been used as a scaffold for protein engineering for >35 years. Techniques used to engineer α1 -AT include targeted mutagenesis, protein fusions, phage display, glycoengineering, and consensus protein design. The goals of engineering have also been diverse, ranging from understanding serpin structure-function relationships, to the design of more potent or more specific proteinase inhibitors with potential therapeutic relevance. Here we summarize the history of these protein engineering efforts, describing the techniques applied to engineer α1 -AT, specific mutants of interest, and providing an appended catalog of the >200 α1 -AT mutants published to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Scott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - William P Sheffield
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Anelli T, Panina-Bordignon P. How to Avoid a No-Deal ER Exit. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091051. [PMID: 31500301 PMCID: PMC6769657 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficiency and fidelity of protein secretion are achieved thanks to the presence of different steps, located sequentially in time and space along the secretory compartment, controlling protein folding and maturation. After entering into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), secretory proteins attain their native structure thanks to specific chaperones and enzymes. Only correctly folded molecules are allowed by quality control (QC) mechanisms to leave the ER and proceed to downstream compartments. Proteins that cannot fold properly are instead retained in the ER to be finally destined to proteasomal degradation. Exiting from the ER requires, in most cases, the use of coated vesicles, departing at the ER exit sites, which will fuse with the Golgi compartment, thus releasing their cargoes. Protein accumulation in the ER can be caused by a too stringent QC or by ineffective transport: these situations could be deleterious for the organism, due to the loss of the secreted protein, and to the cell itself, because of abnormal increase of protein concentration in the ER. In both cases, diseases can arise. In this review, we will describe the pathophysiology of protein folding and transport between the ER and the Golgi compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Anelli
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy.
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Panina-Bordignon
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy.
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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32
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Lopes AP, Mineiro MA, Costa F, Gomes J, Santos C, Antunes C, Maia D, Melo R, Canotilho M, Magalhães E, Vicente I, Valente C, Gonçalves BG, Conde B, Guimarães C, Sousa C, Amado J, Brandão ME, Sucena M, Oliveira MJ, Seixas S, Teixeira V, Telo L. Portuguese consensus document for the management of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Pulmonology 2019; 24 Suppl 1:1-21. [PMID: 30473034 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic autosomal codominant disorder caused by mutations in SERPINA1 gene. It is one of the most prevalent genetic disorders, although it remains underdiagnosed. Whereas at international level there are several areas of consensus on this disorder, in Portugal, inter-hospital heterogeneity in clinical practice and resources available have been adding difficulties in reaching a diagnosis and in making therapeutic decisions in this group of patients. This raised a need to draft a document expressing a national consensus for AATD. To this end, a group of experts in this field was created within the Portuguese Pulmonology Society - Study group on AATD, in order to elaborate the current manuscript. The authors reviewed the existing literature and provide here general guidance and extensive recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AATD that can be adopted by Portuguese clinicians from different areas of Medicine. This article is part of a supplement entitled "Portuguese consensus document for the management of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency" which is sponsored by Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Lopes
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (HUC); Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency study group coordinator.
| | | | - F Costa
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (HG)
| | | | | | | | - D Maia
- Centro Hospital Lisboa Central
| | - R Melo
- Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando da Fonseca
| | | | | | | | | | | | - B Conde
- Centro Hospitalar de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro
| | | | - C Sousa
- Centro Hospitalar de São João
| | - J Amado
- Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos
| | - M E Brandão
- Centro Hospitalar de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro
| | | | | | - S Seixas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (I3S); Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP)
| | - V Teixeira
- Serviço de Saúde da Região Autónoma da Madeira (SESARAM)
| | - L Telo
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte
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33
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Iannotti MJ, MacArthur R, Jones R, Tao D, Singeç I, Michael S, Inglese J. Detecting Secretory Proteins by Acoustic Droplet Ejection in Multiplexed High-Throughput Applications. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:497-505. [PMID: 30699290 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nearly one-third of the encoded proteome is comprised of secretory proteins that enable communication between cells and organ systems, playing a ubiquitous role in human health and disease. High-throughput detection of secreted proteins would enhance efforts to identify therapies for secretion-related diseases. Using the Z mutant of alpha-1 antitrypsin as a human secretory model, we have developed 1536-well high-throughput screening assays that utilize acoustic droplet ejection to transfer nanoliter volumes of sample for protein quantification. Among them, the acoustic reverse phase protein array (acoustic RPPA) is a multiplexable, low-cost immunodetection technology for native, endogenously secreted proteins from physiologically relevant model systems like stem cells that is compatible with plate-based instrumentation. Parallel assay profiling with the LOPAC1280 chemical library validated performance and orthogonality between a secreted bioluminescent reporter and acoustic RPPA method by consistently identifying secretory modulators with comparable concentration response relationships. Here, we introduce a robust, multiplexed drug discovery platform coupling extracellular protein quantification by acoustic RPPA with intracellular and cytotoxicity analyses from single wells, demonstrating proof-of-principle applications for human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Iannotti
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Ryan MacArthur
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Richard Jones
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Dingyin Tao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Ilyas Singeç
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Sam Michael
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - James Inglese
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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34
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Khodayari N, Oshins R, Alli AA, Tuna KM, Holliday LS, Krotova K, Brantly M. Modulation of calreticulin expression reveals a novel exosome-mediated mechanism of Z variant α 1-antitrypsin disposal. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6240-6252. [PMID: 30833329 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
α1-Antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an inherited disease characterized by emphysema and liver disease. AATD is most often caused by a single amino acid substitution at position 342 in the mature protein, resulting in the Z mutation of the AAT gene (ZAAT). This substitution is associated with misfolding and accumulation of ZAAT in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes, causing a toxic gain of function. ERdj3 is an ER luminal DnaJ homologue, which, along with calreticulin, directly interacts with misfolded ZAAT. We hypothesize that depletion of each of these chaperones will change the fate of ZAAT polymers. Our study demonstrates that calreticulin modulation reveals a novel ZAAT degradation mechanism mediated by exosomes. Using human PiZZ hepatocytes and K42, a mouse calreticulin-deficient fibroblast cell line, our results show ERdj3 and calreticulin directly interact with ZAAT in PiZZ hepatocytes. Silencing calreticulin induces calcium independent ZAAT-ERdj3 secretion through the exosome pathway. This co-secretion decreases ZAAT aggregates within the ER of hepatocytes. We demonstrate that calreticulin has an inhibitory effect on exosome-mediated ZAAT-ERdj3 secretion. This is a novel ZAAT degradation process that involves a DnaJ homologue chaperone bound to ZAAT. In this context, calreticulin modulation may eliminate the toxic gain of function associated with aggregation of ZAAT in lung and liver, thus providing a potential new therapeutic approach to the treatment of AATD-related liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Khodayari
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Regina Oshins
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Abdel A Alli
- the Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, and
| | - Kubra M Tuna
- the Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, and
| | - L Shannon Holliday
- the Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610 and
| | - Karina Krotova
- the Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912
| | - Mark Brantly
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine,
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35
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Deshayes S, Martin Silva N, Grandhomme F, Khoy K, Mariotte D, Boutemy J, Maigné G, Brière-Bellier C, Delmas C, Bienvenu B, Lobbedez T, de Boysson H, Aouba A. Clinical Effect of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Vasculitis: Results from a French Retrospective Monocentric Cohort. J Rheumatol 2019; 46:1502-1508. [PMID: 30824651 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.180591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deficiency in alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a possible pathogenic cofactor in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). However, the clinical effect of AAT deficiency remains poorly established in this setting. This study aimed to describe the clinical phenotypes and outcomes of AAV according to AAT phenotypes. METHODS This study was conducted retrospectively at Caen University Hospital and included all consecutive granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) patients with positive proteinase 3-ANCA or myeloperoxidase-ANCA, from January 2000 or September 2011, respectively, to June 2016. AAT dosage (nephelometry) and phenotyping (isoelectric focusing in agarose gel) were performed. RESULTS Among the 142 patients with AAV, including 88 GPA and 54 MPA, 102 (72%) had the MM phenotype, 5 (4%) had a nonpolymerogenic M-variant phenotype, 18 (13%) had the deficient allele MZ, 12 (8%) had MS, 2 (1%) had ZZ, 2 (1%) had SZ, and 1 (1%) had SS. M, Z, and S allele frequencies were 84%, 8%, and 6%, respectively. No association was observed between AAT deficiency and ANCA subtype or AAV phenotype, except for intraalveolar hemorrhage (IAH), which was more frequent in patients harboring at least 1 of the deficient Z or S alleles than in those without any deficient alleles (p < 0.01). Global, renal, or relapse-free survival rates were similar for all subgroups. CONCLUSION This study shows that AAT deficiency confers, independently of ANCA subtype, a higher risk of IAH. Prospective studies are required to refine these data and to assess the need for replacement therapy in AAT-deficient patients with AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Deshayes
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, the Department of Biochemistry, the Department of Immunology, and the Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Caen Normandie, Caen; Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial, Saint-Lô, France.,S. Deshayes, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; F. Grandhomme, MD, Department of Biochemistry, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; K. Khoy, PharmD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; D. Mariotte, PharmD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; C. Brière-Bellier, MD, Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial; C. Delmas, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; T. Lobbedez, MD, PhD, Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie
| | - Nicolas Martin Silva
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, the Department of Biochemistry, the Department of Immunology, and the Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Caen Normandie, Caen; Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial, Saint-Lô, France.,S. Deshayes, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; F. Grandhomme, MD, Department of Biochemistry, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; K. Khoy, PharmD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; D. Mariotte, PharmD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; C. Brière-Bellier, MD, Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial; C. Delmas, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; T. Lobbedez, MD, PhD, Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie
| | - Frédérique Grandhomme
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, the Department of Biochemistry, the Department of Immunology, and the Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Caen Normandie, Caen; Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial, Saint-Lô, France.,S. Deshayes, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; F. Grandhomme, MD, Department of Biochemistry, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; K. Khoy, PharmD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; D. Mariotte, PharmD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; C. Brière-Bellier, MD, Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial; C. Delmas, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; T. Lobbedez, MD, PhD, Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie
| | - Kathy Khoy
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, the Department of Biochemistry, the Department of Immunology, and the Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Caen Normandie, Caen; Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial, Saint-Lô, France.,S. Deshayes, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; F. Grandhomme, MD, Department of Biochemistry, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; K. Khoy, PharmD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; D. Mariotte, PharmD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; C. Brière-Bellier, MD, Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial; C. Delmas, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; T. Lobbedez, MD, PhD, Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie
| | - Delphine Mariotte
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, the Department of Biochemistry, the Department of Immunology, and the Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Caen Normandie, Caen; Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial, Saint-Lô, France.,S. Deshayes, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; F. Grandhomme, MD, Department of Biochemistry, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; K. Khoy, PharmD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; D. Mariotte, PharmD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; C. Brière-Bellier, MD, Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial; C. Delmas, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; T. Lobbedez, MD, PhD, Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie
| | - Jonathan Boutemy
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, the Department of Biochemistry, the Department of Immunology, and the Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Caen Normandie, Caen; Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial, Saint-Lô, France.,S. Deshayes, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; F. Grandhomme, MD, Department of Biochemistry, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; K. Khoy, PharmD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; D. Mariotte, PharmD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; C. Brière-Bellier, MD, Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial; C. Delmas, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; T. Lobbedez, MD, PhD, Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie
| | - Gwénola Maigné
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, the Department of Biochemistry, the Department of Immunology, and the Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Caen Normandie, Caen; Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial, Saint-Lô, France.,S. Deshayes, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; F. Grandhomme, MD, Department of Biochemistry, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; K. Khoy, PharmD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; D. Mariotte, PharmD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; C. Brière-Bellier, MD, Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial; C. Delmas, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; T. Lobbedez, MD, PhD, Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie
| | - Claire Brière-Bellier
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, the Department of Biochemistry, the Department of Immunology, and the Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Caen Normandie, Caen; Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial, Saint-Lô, France.,S. Deshayes, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; F. Grandhomme, MD, Department of Biochemistry, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; K. Khoy, PharmD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; D. Mariotte, PharmD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; C. Brière-Bellier, MD, Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial; C. Delmas, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; T. Lobbedez, MD, PhD, Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie
| | - Claire Delmas
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, the Department of Biochemistry, the Department of Immunology, and the Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Caen Normandie, Caen; Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial, Saint-Lô, France.,S. Deshayes, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; F. Grandhomme, MD, Department of Biochemistry, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; K. Khoy, PharmD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; D. Mariotte, PharmD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; C. Brière-Bellier, MD, Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial; C. Delmas, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; T. Lobbedez, MD, PhD, Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie
| | - Boris Bienvenu
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, the Department of Biochemistry, the Department of Immunology, and the Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Caen Normandie, Caen; Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial, Saint-Lô, France.,S. Deshayes, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; F. Grandhomme, MD, Department of Biochemistry, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; K. Khoy, PharmD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; D. Mariotte, PharmD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; C. Brière-Bellier, MD, Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial; C. Delmas, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; T. Lobbedez, MD, PhD, Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie
| | - Thierry Lobbedez
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, the Department of Biochemistry, the Department of Immunology, and the Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Caen Normandie, Caen; Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial, Saint-Lô, France.,S. Deshayes, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; F. Grandhomme, MD, Department of Biochemistry, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; K. Khoy, PharmD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; D. Mariotte, PharmD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; C. Brière-Bellier, MD, Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial; C. Delmas, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; T. Lobbedez, MD, PhD, Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie
| | - Hubert de Boysson
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, the Department of Biochemistry, the Department of Immunology, and the Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Caen Normandie, Caen; Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial, Saint-Lô, France.,S. Deshayes, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; F. Grandhomme, MD, Department of Biochemistry, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; K. Khoy, PharmD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; D. Mariotte, PharmD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; C. Brière-Bellier, MD, Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial; C. Delmas, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; T. Lobbedez, MD, PhD, Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie
| | - Achille Aouba
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, the Department of Biochemistry, the Department of Immunology, and the Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Caen Normandie, Caen; Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial, Saint-Lô, France. .,S. Deshayes, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; F. Grandhomme, MD, Department of Biochemistry, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; K. Khoy, PharmD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; D. Mariotte, PharmD, Department of Immunology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; C. Brière-Bellier, MD, Department of Infectious Diseases, CH Mémorial; C. Delmas, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; T. Lobbedez, MD, PhD, Department of Nephrology, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie.
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Delivery of mRNA Therapeutics for the Treatment of Hepatic Diseases. Mol Ther 2018; 27:794-802. [PMID: 30655211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Promising improvements in the field of transcript therapeutics have clearly enhanced the potential of mRNA as a new pillar for protein replacement therapies. Synthetic mRNAs are engineered to replace mutated mRNAs and to be immunologically inconspicuous and highly stable while maximizing protein expression. Approaches to deliver mRNA into the cellular cytoplasm safely and efficiently have been further developed so that two mRNA-based approaches replacing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) have now made it into clinical trials. These studies bring mRNA therapeutics for protein replacement therapy closer to clinical realization. Herein, we provide an overview of preclinical and clinical developments of mRNA therapeutics for liver diseases.
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Abstract
Pediatric cholestasis often results from mechanical obstruction of the biliary tract or dysfunction in the processes of forming and excreting bile. Various genetic defects with resulting molecular inaccuracies are increasingly being recognized, often with specific clinical characteristics. Identifying of the molecular abnormality can enable implementation of timely, appropriate treatment in some affected individuals and provide prognostic indicators for both families and care teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Squires
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, One Children's Hospital Drive, 6th Floor FP, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - Patrick McKiernan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, One Children's Hospital Drive, 6th Floor FP, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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Mostafavi B, Diaz S, Piitulainen E, Stoel BC, Wollmer P, Tanash HA. Lung function and CT lung densitometry in 37- to 39-year-old individuals with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:3689-3698. [PMID: 30510411 PMCID: PMC6231508 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s167497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is a hereditary disorder that predisposes to emphysema. A cohort of severe (PiZZ) and moderate (PiSZ) AAT-deficient newborn infants was identified by the Swedish national neonatal AAT screening program in 1972-1974 and has been followed-up since birth. Our aim was to study whether the cohort has signs of emphysema in pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and computed tomography (CT) densitometry at 38 years of age in comparison with an age-matched control group, randomly selected from the population registry. METHODS Forty-one PiZZ, 18 PiSZ, and 61 control subjects (PiMM) underwent complete PFTs, measurement of resistance and reactance in the respiratory system by impulse oscillometry (IOS)/forced oscillation technique (FOT), and CT densitometry. The results were related to self-reported smoking habits. RESULTS The total lung capacity (TLC) % of the predicted value was significantly higher in the PiZZ ever-smokers than in the PiZZ never-smokers (P<0.05), PiSZ never-smokers (P=0.01) and the PiMM never-smokers (P=0.01). The residual volume (RV) % of the predicted value was significantly higher in the PiZZ ever-smokers compared to the PiMM never-smokers (P<0.01). The PiZZ ever-smokers had a significantly lower carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (Kco) than the PiSZ never-smokers (P<0.01) and PiMM never-smokers (P<0.01). Respiratory system resistance at 5 Hz (P<0.01), at 20 Hz (P<0.01), and the area of low reactance (Alx; P<0.05) were significantly lower and respiratory system reactance at 5 Hz (P<0.05) was significantly higher in PiZZ subjects compared to the PiMM subjects. No statistically significant differences in the CT densitometry parameters were found between the Pi subgroups. CONCLUSION The physiological parameters in the PiZZ ever-smokers showed evidence of hyperinflation and emphysema before the age of 40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Mostafavi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden,
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Department of Clinical Physiology Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eeva Piitulainen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden,
| | - Berend C Stoel
- Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hanan A Tanash
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden,
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Abstract
α1-Antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an inherited metabolic disorder in which mutations in the coding sequence of the SERPINA1 gene prevent secretion of α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) and cause predisposition to pulmonary and liver diseases. The heterogeneity of clinical manifestations in AATD is related to the complexity of biological function of α1-AT. The role of smoking is crucial in the natural history of lung damage progression in severe AATD individuals, even if it also partly explains the heterogeneity in lung disease. Lung damage progression in AATD can also be related to body mass index, exacerbation rate, sex, environmental exposure and specific mutations of SERPINA1. Recent randomised controlled trials, together with previous observational work, have provided compelling evidence for the importance of early detection and intervention in order to enable patients to receive appropriate treatment and preserve functional lung tissue. Early detection and intervention in cases of α1-antitrypsin deficiency are essential to enable appropriate treatment and preserve functional lung tissuehttp://ow.ly/Mr3P30jUEyn
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Ferrarotti
- Center for Diagnosis of Inherited Alpha1-antitrypsin Deficiency, Dept of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Pneumology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Ottaviani
- Center for Diagnosis of Inherited Alpha1-antitrypsin Deficiency, Dept of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Pneumology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Angelo G Corsico
- Center for Diagnosis of Inherited Alpha1-antitrypsin Deficiency, Dept of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Pneumology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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40
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Torres-Durán M, Lopez-Campos JL, Barrecheguren M, Miravitlles M, Martinez-Delgado B, Castillo S, Escribano A, Baloira A, Navarro-Garcia MM, Pellicer D, Bañuls L, Magallón M, Casas F, Dasí F. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: outstanding questions and future directions. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:114. [PMID: 29996870 PMCID: PMC6042212 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare hereditary condition that leads to decreased circulating alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) levels, significantly increasing the risk of serious lung and/or liver disease in children and adults, in which some aspects remain unresolved. Methods In this review, we summarise and update current knowledge on alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in order to identify and discuss areas of controversy and formulate questions that need further research. Results 1) AATD is a highly underdiagnosed condition. Over 120,000 European individuals are estimated to have severe AATD and more than 90% of them are underdiagnosed. Conclusions 2) Several clinical and etiological aspects of the disease are yet to be resolved. New strategies for early detection and biomarkers for patient outcome prediction are needed to reduce morbidity and mortality in these patients; 3) Augmentation therapy is the only specific approved therapy that has shown clinical efficacy in delaying the progression of emphysema. Regrettably, some countries reject registration and reimbursement for this treatment because of the lack of larger randomised, placebo-controlled trials. 4) Alternative strategies are currently being investigated, including the use of gene therapy or induced pluripotent stem cells, and non-augmentation strategies to prevent AAT polymerisation inside hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Torres-Durán
- Pulmonary Department, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro EOXI, Vigo, Spain.,NeumoVigo I+i Research Group, IIS Galicia Sur, Vigo, Spain
| | - José Luis Lopez-Campos
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Barrecheguren
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Miravitlles
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martinez-Delgado
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Castillo
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, c/Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Research group on Rare Respiratory Diseases (ERR), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Escribano
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, c/Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Research group on Rare Respiratory Diseases (ERR), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adolfo Baloira
- Pneumology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - María Mercedes Navarro-Garcia
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, c/Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Research group on Rare Respiratory Diseases (ERR), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Pellicer
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, c/Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Research group on Rare Respiratory Diseases (ERR), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucía Bañuls
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, c/Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Research group on Rare Respiratory Diseases (ERR), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Magallón
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, c/Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Research group on Rare Respiratory Diseases (ERR), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Casas
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Dasí
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, c/Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain. .,School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Research group on Rare Respiratory Diseases (ERR), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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41
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Matamala N, Lara B, Gomez-Mariano G, Martínez S, Retana D, Fernandez T, Silvestre RA, Belmonte I, Rodriguez-Frias F, Vilar M, Sáez R, Iturbe I, Castillo S, Molina-Molina M, Texido A, Tirado-Conde G, Lopez-Campos JL, Posada M, Blanco I, Janciauskiene S, Martinez-Delgado B. Characterization of Novel Missense Variants of SERPINA1 Gene Causing Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:706-716. [PMID: 29232161 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0179oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The SERPINA1 gene is highly polymorphic, with more than 100 variants described in databases. SERPINA1 encodes the alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protein, and severe deficiency of AAT is a major contributor to pulmonary emphysema and liver diseases. In Spanish patients with AAT deficiency, we identified seven new variants of the SERPINA1 gene involving amino acid substitutions in different exons: PiSDonosti (S+Ser14Phe), PiTijarafe (Ile50Asn), PiSevilla (Ala58Asp), PiCadiz (Glu151Lys), PiTarragona (Phe227Cys), PiPuerto Real (Thr249Ala), and PiValencia (Lys328Glu). We examined the characteristics of these variants and the putative association with the disease. Mutant proteins were overexpressed in HEK293T cells, and AAT expression, polymerization, degradation, and secretion, as well as antielastase activity, were analyzed by periodic acid-Schiff staining, Western blotting, pulse-chase, and elastase inhibition assays. When overexpressed, S+S14F, I50N, A58D, F227C, and T249A variants formed intracellular polymers and did not secrete AAT protein. Both the E151K and K328E variants secreted AAT protein and did not form polymers, although K328E showed intracellular retention and reduced antielastase activity. We conclude that deficient variants may be more frequent than previously thought and that their discovery is possible only by the complete sequencing of the gene and subsequent functional characterization. Better knowledge of SERPINA1 variants would improve diagnosis and management of individuals with AAT deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Matamala
- 1 Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER)
| | - Beatriz Lara
- 2 Respiratory Medicine Department, Coventry University Hospital, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Gema Gomez-Mariano
- 1 Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER)
| | - Selene Martínez
- 1 Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER)
| | - Diana Retana
- 1 Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER)
| | - Taiomara Fernandez
- 1 Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER)
| | | | - Irene Belmonte
- 4 Biochemistry Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marçal Vilar
- 5 Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Sáez
- 6 Immunology and Genetics, Hospital Donosti, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Igor Iturbe
- 7 Pneumology, Hospital de Zumárraga, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | | | - María Molina-Molina
- 9 Pulmonary Medicine, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospital de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Texido
- 10 Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus (Tarragona), Spain
| | - Gema Tirado-Conde
- 11 Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Granada, Parque Tecnológico de las Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Lopez-Campos
- 13 Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), and
- 12 Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Posada
- 1 Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER)
- 14 Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- 15 Spanish Registry of Patients with Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (REDAAT), Spanish Society of Pneumology (SEPAR), Fundación Española de Pulmón (RESPIRA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- 16 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; and
- 17 Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
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42
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Sun BB, Maranville JC, Peters JE, Stacey D, Staley JR, Blackshaw J, Burgess S, Jiang T, Paige E, Surendran P, Oliver-Williams C, Kamat MA, Prins BP, Wilcox SK, Zimmerman ES, Chi A, Bansal N, Spain SL, Wood AM, Morrell NW, Bradley JR, Janjic N, Roberts DJ, Ouwehand WH, Todd JA, Soranzo N, Suhre K, Paul DS, Fox CS, Plenge RM, Danesh J, Runz H, Butterworth AS. Genomic atlas of the human plasma proteome. Nature 2018; 558:73-79. [PMID: 29875488 PMCID: PMC6697541 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 944] [Impact Index Per Article: 157.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Although plasma proteins have important roles in biological processes and are the direct targets of many drugs, the genetic factors that control inter-individual variation in plasma protein levels are not well understood. Here we characterize the genetic architecture of the human plasma proteome in healthy blood donors from the INTERVAL study. We identify 1,927 genetic associations with 1,478 proteins, a fourfold increase on existing knowledge, including trans associations for 1,104 proteins. To understand the consequences of perturbations in plasma protein levels, we apply an integrated approach that links genetic variation with biological pathway, disease, and drug databases. We show that protein quantitative trait loci overlap with gene expression quantitative trait loci, as well as with disease-associated loci, and find evidence that protein biomarkers have causal roles in disease using Mendelian randomization analysis. By linking genetic factors to diseases via specific proteins, our analyses highlight potential therapeutic targets, opportunities for matching existing drugs with new disease indications, and potential safety concerns for drugs under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Sun
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - James E Peters
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cambridge Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Stacey
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James R Staley
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Blackshaw
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tao Jiang
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ellie Paige
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Praveen Surendran
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare Oliver-Williams
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Homerton College, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mihir A Kamat
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bram P Prins
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - An Chi
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Narinder Bansal
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah L Spain
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Angela M Wood
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- British Heart Foundation Cambridge Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R Bradley
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre/BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - David J Roberts
- National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant and Radcliffe Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- BRC Haematology Theme and Department of Haematology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- British Heart Foundation Cambridge Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John A Todd
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- British Heart Foundation Cambridge Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dirk S Paul
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Robert M Plenge
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
- Celgene Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John Danesh
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Cambridge Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Heiko Runz
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
- Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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43
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Silberstein DZ, Karuppanan K, Aung HH, Chen CH, Cross CE, McDonald KA. An oxidation-resistant, recombinant alpha-1 antitrypsin produced in Nicotiana benthamiana. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 120:303-310. [PMID: 29551638 PMCID: PMC6093210 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteases and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been implicated in playing key roles in host tissue injury at sites of inflammation dominated by macrophage activations and/or neutrophil infiltrations. Imbalances between proteases/antiproteases and ROS/antioxidants are recognized to contribute to amplification of inflammatory-based host tissue injury. This has been especially well-documented in such respiratory tract diseases as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Inflammation-related protease/ROS disequilibria are further confounded by recognition that proteases can increase ROS by several different mechanisms and that ROS can inactivate proteases. The major human antiprotease, alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), is dramatically inactivated by ROS. AAT deficiency is the most prevalent genetic predisposing factor leading to emphysema, a condition treated by replacement infusions of plasma-derived AAT (hAAT) at a cost of up to $200,000 per year per patient. An updated method for production of a plant-made recombinant AAT (prAAT) engineered for enhanced oxidation resistance compared to hAAT is presented. Plant-made recombinant AAT shows comparable antiprotease activity to hAAT, and retains full activity under oxidative conditions that would deactivate hAAT. Additionally, we show that prAAT has similar effectiveness in preventing neutrophil elastase-induced cell death in an in vitro human bronchial epithelial cell culture model. We conclude that prAAT is potentially a "biobetter" AAT product that could be made available to individuals with a wide spectrum of inflammatory disorders characterized by overly aggressive neutrophilic infiltrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Z Silberstein
- University of California, Davis, Department of Chemical Engineering, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kalimuthu Karuppanan
- University of California, Davis, Department of Chemical Engineering, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hnin Hnin Aung
- University of California, Davis, Department of Medicine, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ching-Hsien Chen
- University of California, Davis, Department of Medicine, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carroll E Cross
- University of California, Davis, Department of Medicine, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; University of California, Davis, Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Karen A McDonald
- University of California, Davis, Department of Chemical Engineering, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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44
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Lucas A, Yaron JR, Zhang L, Macaulay C, McFadden G. Serpins: Development for Therapeutic Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1826:255-265. [PMID: 30194606 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8645-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors, or serpins, function as central regulators for many vital processes in the mammalian body, maintaining homeostasis for clot formation and breakdown, immune responses, lung function, and hormone or central nervous system activity, among many others. When serine protease activity or serpin-mediated regulation becomes unbalanced or dysfunctional, then severe disease states and pathogenesis can ensue. With serpinopathies, genetic mutations lead to inactive serpins or protein aggregation with loss of function. With other disorders, such as sepsis, atherosclerosis, cancer, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome, the thrombotic and thrombolytic cascades and/or inflammatory responses become unbalanced, with excess bleeding and clotting and upregulation of adverse immune responses. Returning overall balance can be engineered through introduction of a beneficial serpin replacement as a therapeutic or through blockade of serpins that are detrimental. Several drugs have been developed and are currently in use and/or in development both to replace dysfunctional serpins and to block adverse effects induced by aberrant protease or serpin actions.With this chapter, we provide a general overview of the development of a virus-derived serpin, Serp-1, and serpin reactive center loop (RCL) peptides, as therapeutics. Serp-1 is a virus-derived serpin developed as a new class of immune modulator. We will use the development of Serp-1 as a general introduction to serpin-based drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Jordan R Yaron
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Colin Macaulay
- CGMBio Consulting, TechAlliance of Southwestern Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Grant McFadden
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, USA
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45
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Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors are ubiquitous regulators for a multitude of pathways in humans. The serpins represent an ancient pathway now known to be present in all kingdoms and often regulating central pathways for clotting, immunity, and even cancer in man. Serpins have been present from the time of the dinosaurs and can represent a large proportion of circulating blood proteins. With this introductory chapter, we present an overview of serpins as well as an introduction and overview of the chapters describing the methodology used in the new approaches to understanding their molecular mechanisms of action and their roles in health and disease.
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46
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Carvalho MOS, Souza ALCS, Carvalho MB, Pacheco APAS, Rocha LC, do Nascimento VML, Figueiredo CVB, Guarda CC, Santiago RP, Adekile A, Goncalves MDS. Evaluation of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Levels and SERPINA1 Gene Polymorphisms in Sickle Cell Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1491. [PMID: 29163550 PMCID: PMC5681845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase and a member of the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) superfamily, and little is known about its activity in sickle cell disease (SCD). We hypothesize that AAT may undergo changes in SCD because of the high oxidative stress and inflammation associated with the disease. We have found high AAT levels in SCD patients compared to controls, while mutant genotypes of SERPINA1 gene had decreased AAT levels, in both groups. AAT showed negative correlation with red blood cells, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, urea, creatinine, and albumin and was positively correlated with mean corpuscular Hb concentration, white blood cells, neutrophils, Hb S, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, and C-reactive protein. Patients with higher levels of AAT had more infection episodes (OR = 1.71, CI: 1.05–2.65, p = 0.02), gallstones (OR = 1.75, CI: 1.03–2.97, p = 0.02), and had more blood transfusions (OR = 2.35, CI: 1.51–3.65, p = 0.0001). Our data on AAT association with laboratory indices of hemolysis and inflammation suggest that it may be positively associated with SCD severity; the negative correlations with renal parameters suggest a cytoprotective mechanism in SCD patients. In summary, AAT may need to be included in studies related to SCD and in the discussion of further therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Oliveira Seixas Carvalho
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz-Fiocruz-Bahia (IGM-FIOCRUZ-Ba), Salvador, Brazil.,Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Camylla Vilas Boas Figueiredo
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz-Fiocruz-Bahia (IGM-FIOCRUZ-Ba), Salvador, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Caroline Conceição Guarda
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz-Fiocruz-Bahia (IGM-FIOCRUZ-Ba), Salvador, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rayra Pereira Santiago
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz-Fiocruz-Bahia (IGM-FIOCRUZ-Ba), Salvador, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Adekunle Adekile
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Marilda de Souza Goncalves
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz-Fiocruz-Bahia (IGM-FIOCRUZ-Ba), Salvador, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
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47
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Krotova K, Marek GW, Wang RL, Aslanidi G, Hoffman BE, Khodayari N, Rouhani FN, Brantly ML. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin-Deficient Macrophages Have Increased Matriptase-Mediated Proteolytic Activity. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:238-247. [PMID: 28362108 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0366oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency-associated emphysema is largely attributed to insufficient inhibition of neutrophil elastase released from neutrophils. Correcting AAT levels using augmentation therapy only slows disease progression, and that suggests a more complex process of lung destruction. Because alveolar macrophages (Mɸ) express AAT, we propose that the expression and intracellular accumulation of mutated Z-AAT (the most common mutation) compromises Mɸ function and contributes to emphysema development. Extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation is a hallmark of emphysema pathology. In this study, Mɸ from individuals with Z-AAT (Z-Mɸ) have greater proteolytic activity on ECM than do normal Mɸ. This abnormal Z-Mɸ activity is not abrogated by supplementation with exogenous AAT and is likely the result of cellular dysfunction induced by intracellular accumulation of Z-AAT. Using pharmacologic inhibitors, we show that several classes of proteases are involved in matrix degradation by Z-Mɸ. Importantly, compared with normal Mɸ, the membrane-bound serine protease, matriptase, is present in Z-Mɸ at higher levels and contributes to their proteolytic activity on ECM. In addition, we identified matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14, a membrane-anchored metalloproteinase, as a novel substrate for matriptase, and showed that matriptase regulates the levels of MMP-14 on the cell surface. Thus, high levels of matriptase may contribute to increased ECM degradation by Z-Mɸ, both directly and through MMP-14 activation. In summary, the expression of Z-AAT in Mɸ confers increased proteolytic activity on ECM. This proteolytic activity is not rescued by exogenous AAT supplementation and could thus contribute to augmentation resistance in AAT deficiency-associated emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Krotova
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - George W Marek
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Rejean L Wang
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - George Aslanidi
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Brad E Hoffman
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Nazli Khodayari
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Farshid N Rouhani
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Mark L Brantly
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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48
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Joly P, Vignaud H, Di Martino J, Ruiz M, Garin R, Restier L, Belmalih A, Marchal C, Cullin C, Arveiler B, Fergelot P, Gitler AD, Lachaux A, Couthouis J, Bouchecareilh M. ERAD defects and the HFE-H63D variant are associated with increased risk of liver damages in Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179369. [PMID: 28617828 PMCID: PMC5472284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common and severe disease causing allele of Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency (1ATD) is Z-1AT. This protein aggregates in the endoplasmic reticulum, which is the main cause of liver disease in childhood. Based on recent evidences and on the frequency of liver disease occurrence in Z-1AT patients, it seems that liver disease progression is linked to still unknown genetic factors. METHODS We used an innovative approach combining yeast genetic screens with next generation exome sequencing to identify and functionally characterize the genes involved in 1ATD associated liver disease. RESULTS Using yeast genetic screens, we identified HRD1, an Endoplasmic Reticulum Associated Degradation (ERAD) associated protein, as an inducer of Z-mediated toxicity. Whole exome sequencing of 1ATD patients resulted in the identification of two variants associated with liver damages in Z-1AT homozygous cases: HFE H63D and HERPUD1 R50H. Functional characterization in Z-1AT model cell lines demonstrated that impairment of the ERAD machinery combined with the HFE H63D variant expression decreased both cell proliferation and cell viability, while Unfolded Protein Response (UPR)-mediated cell death was hyperstimulated. CONCLUSION This powerful experimental pipeline allowed us to identify and functionally validate two genes involved in Z-1AT-mediated severe liver toxicity. This pilot study moves forward our understanding on genetic modifiers involved in 1ATD and highlights the UPR pathway as a target for the treatment of liver diseases associated with 1ATD. Finally, these findings support a larger scale screening for HERPUD1 R50H and HFE H63D variants in the sub-group of 1ATD patients developing significant chronic hepatic injuries (hepatomegaly, chronic cholestasis, elevated liver enzymes) and at risk developing liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Joly
- University Lyon - University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - EA 7424 – Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Science, Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et biologie moléculaire Grand-Est, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Vignaud
- CNRS, University Bordeaux, UMR5095 Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Di Martino
- CNRS, University Bordeaux, UMR5095 Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, University Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathias Ruiz
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Roman Garin
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lioara Restier
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Abdelouahed Belmalih
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Marchal
- CNRS, University Bordeaux, UMR5095 Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Cullin
- CNRS, University Bordeaux, UMR5095 Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Arveiler
- University Bordeaux, INSERM U1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Patricia Fergelot
- University Bordeaux, INSERM U1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Aaron D. Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Alain Lachaux
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Couthouis
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Marion Bouchecareilh
- CNRS, University Bordeaux, UMR5095 Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, University Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail:
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49
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Miranda E, Ferrarotti I, Berardelli R, Laffranchi M, Cerea M, Gangemi F, Haq I, Ottaviani S, Lomas DA, Irving JA, Fra A. The pathological Trento variant of alpha-1-antitrypsin (E75V) shows nonclassical behaviour during polymerization. FEBS J 2017; 284:2110-2126. [PMID: 28504839 PMCID: PMC5518210 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Severe alpha‐1‐antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is most frequently associated with the alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (AAT) Z variant (E342K). ZZ homozygotes exhibit accumulation of AAT as polymers in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes. This protein deposition can lead to liver disease, with the resulting low circulating levels of AAT predisposing to early‐onset emphysema due to dysregulation of elastinolytic activity in the lungs. An increasing number of rare AAT alleles have been identified in patients with severe AATD, typically in combination with the Z allele. Here we report a new mutation (E75V) in a patient with severe plasma deficiency, which we designate Trento. In contrast to the Z mutant, Trento AAT was secreted efficiently when expressed in cellular models but showed compromised conformational stability. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and ELISA‐based analyses of the secreted protein revealed the presence of oligomeric species with electrophoretic and immunorecognition profiles different from those of Z and S (E264V) AAT polymers, including reduced recognition by conformational monoclonal antibodies 2C1 and 4B12. This altered recognition was not due to direct effects on the epitope of the 2C1 monoclonal antibody which we localized between helices E and F. Structural analyses indicate the likely basis for polymer formation is the loss of a highly conserved stabilizing interaction between helix C and the posthelix I loop. These results highlight this region as important for maintaining native state stability and, when compromised, results in the formation of pathological polymers that are different from those produced by Z and S AAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Miranda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ferrarotti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Pneumology Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Romina Berardelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Laffranchi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Cerea
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gangemi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Imran Haq
- UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, UK
| | - Stefania Ottaviani
- Center for Diagnosis of Inherited Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency, Pneumology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, UK
| | - James A Irving
- UCL Respiratory and the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, UK
| | - Annamaria Fra
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
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50
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Mostafavi B, Diaz S, Tanash HA, Piitulainen E. Liver function in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficient individuals at 37 to 40 years of age. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6180. [PMID: 28328804 PMCID: PMC5371441 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (PiZZ) is a risk factor for liver disease, but the prevalence of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer in PiZZ adults is unknown. The risk of liver disease in adults with moderate AAT deficiency (PiSZ) is also unknown. A cohort of 127 PiZZ, 2 PiZnull, 54 PiSZ, and 1 PiSnull individuals were identified by the Swedish national neonatal AAT screening program between 1972 and 1974, when all 200,000 newborn infants in Sweden were screened for AAT deficiency. The cohort has been followed up since birth. Our aim was to study liver function and signs of liver disease in this cohort at 37 to 40 years of age in comparison with a matched, random sample of control subjects identified from the population registry.Eighty seven PiZZ, 32 PiSZ, and 92 control subjects (PiMM) answered a questionnaire on medication and alcohol consumption and provided blood samples. Liver stiffness was assessed by Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) elastography in 32 PiZZ, 15 PiSZ, and 51 PiMM subjects.The median of liver function tests and procollagen-III-peptide were within the normal range in all Pi subgroups. However, the PiZZ men had significantly higher plasma bilirubin than the PiMM men (P = 0.018). Plasma [Latin Small Letter Gamma]-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was significantly higher in the PiZZ men (P = 0.009) and the PiSZ men (P = 0.021) compared with the PiMM men. The median of liver stiffness was significantly higher in the PiZZ men (P = 0.037) and the PiSZ men (P = 0.032) compared with the PiMM men. The PiZZ women taking medication influencing liver enzymes had significantly higher GGT than the PiMM women on the corresponding treatment (P = 0.023).These AAT-deficient individuals identified by neonatal screening have normal plasma levels of liver function tests, and no clinical signs indicating liver disease at the age of 37 to 40 years. However, bilirubin, GGT, and liver stiffness are significantly higher in PiZZ men than PiMM men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Department of Clinical Radiology Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden
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