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Zhang J, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhang J, Jia Z, He M, Liao X, He S, Bian JS, Nie XW. o 8G Site-Specifically Modified tRF-1-AspGTC: A Novel Therapeutic Target and Biomarker for Pulmonary Hypertension. Circ Res 2024; 135:76-92. [PMID: 38747146 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia and oxidative stress contribute to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). tRNA-derived fragments play important roles in RNA interference and cell proliferation, but their epitranscriptional roles in PH development have not been investigated. We aimed to gain insight into the mechanistic contribution of oxidative stress-induced 8-oxoguanine in pulmonary vascular remodeling. METHODS Through small RNA modification array analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, a significant upregulation of the 8-oxoguanine -modified tRF-1-AspGTC was found in the lung tissues and the serum of patients with PH. RESULTS This modification occurs at the position 5 of the tRF-1-AspGTC (5o8G tRF). Inhibition of the 5o8G tRF reversed hypoxia-induced proliferation and apoptosis resistance in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Further investigation unveiled that the 5o8G tRF retargeted mRNA of WNT5A (Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5A) and CASP3 (Caspase3) and inhibited their expression. Ultimately, BMPR2 (Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2) -reactive oxygen species/5o8G tRF/WNT5A signaling pathway exacerbated the progression of PH. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the role of site-specific 8-oxoguanine-modified tRF in promoting the development of PH. Our findings present a promising therapeutic avenue for managing PH and propose 5o8G tRF as a potential innovative marker for diagnosing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, China (Junting Zhang, Y.L., Jianchao Zhang, Z.J., M.H., X.L., S.H., J.-S.B., X.-W.N.)
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), China (Junting Zhang, Y.L., Jianchao Zhang, Z.J., M.H., X.L., S.H., J.-S.B., X.-W.N.)
- Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Junting Zhang, Y.L., S.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (Junting Zhang, Z.J., M.H., J.-S.B.)
| | - Yiying Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, China (Junting Zhang, Y.L., Jianchao Zhang, Z.J., M.H., X.L., S.H., J.-S.B., X.-W.N.)
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), China (Junting Zhang, Y.L., Jianchao Zhang, Z.J., M.H., X.L., S.H., J.-S.B., X.-W.N.)
- Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Junting Zhang, Y.L., S.H.)
| | - Yuan Chen
- Lung Transplant Group, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.C.)
| | - Jianchao Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, China (Junting Zhang, Y.L., Jianchao Zhang, Z.J., M.H., X.L., S.H., J.-S.B., X.-W.N.)
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), China (Junting Zhang, Y.L., Jianchao Zhang, Z.J., M.H., X.L., S.H., J.-S.B., X.-W.N.)
| | - Zihui Jia
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, China (Junting Zhang, Y.L., Jianchao Zhang, Z.J., M.H., X.L., S.H., J.-S.B., X.-W.N.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (Junting Zhang, Z.J., M.H., J.-S.B.)
| | - Muhua He
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, China (Junting Zhang, Y.L., Jianchao Zhang, Z.J., M.H., X.L., S.H., J.-S.B., X.-W.N.)
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), China (Junting Zhang, Y.L., Jianchao Zhang, Z.J., M.H., X.L., S.H., J.-S.B., X.-W.N.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (Junting Zhang, Z.J., M.H., J.-S.B.)
| | - Xueyi Liao
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, China (Junting Zhang, Y.L., Jianchao Zhang, Z.J., M.H., X.L., S.H., J.-S.B., X.-W.N.)
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), China (Junting Zhang, Y.L., Jianchao Zhang, Z.J., M.H., X.L., S.H., J.-S.B., X.-W.N.)
| | - Siyu He
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, China (Junting Zhang, Y.L., Jianchao Zhang, Z.J., M.H., X.L., S.H., J.-S.B., X.-W.N.)
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), China (Junting Zhang, Y.L., Jianchao Zhang, Z.J., M.H., X.L., S.H., J.-S.B., X.-W.N.)
- Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Junting Zhang, Y.L., S.H.)
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, China (Junting Zhang, Y.L., Jianchao Zhang, Z.J., M.H., X.L., S.H., J.-S.B., X.-W.N.)
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), China (Junting Zhang, Y.L., Jianchao Zhang, Z.J., M.H., X.L., S.H., J.-S.B., X.-W.N.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China (Junting Zhang, Z.J., M.H., J.-S.B.)
| | - Xiao-Wei Nie
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, China (Junting Zhang, Y.L., Jianchao Zhang, Z.J., M.H., X.L., S.H., J.-S.B., X.-W.N.)
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), China (Junting Zhang, Y.L., Jianchao Zhang, Z.J., M.H., X.L., S.H., J.-S.B., X.-W.N.)
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Fang W, Wang E, Liu P, Gao X, Hou X, Hu G, Li G, Cheng J, Jiang C, Yan L, Wu C, Xu Z, Liu P. The relativity analysis of hypoxia inducible factor-1α in pulmonary arterial hypertension (ascites syndrome) in broilers: a review. Avian Pathol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38887084 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2358882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Ascites syndrome (AS) in broiler chickens, also known as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), is a significant disease in the poultry industry. It is a nutritional metabolic disease that is closely associated with hypoxia-inducible factors and rapid growth. The rise in pulmonary artery pressure is a crucial characteristic of AS and is instrumental in its development. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is an active subunit of a key transcription factor in the oxygen-sensing pathway. HIF-1α plays a vital role in oxygen homeostasis and the development of pulmonary hypertension. Studying the effects of HIF-1α on pulmonary hypertension in humans or mammals, as well as ascites in broilers, can help us understand the pathogenesis of AS. Therefore, this review aims to (1) summarize the mechanism of HIF-1α in the development of pulmonary hypertension, (2) provide theoretical significance in explaining the mechanism of HIF-1α in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (ascites syndrome) in broilers, and (3) establish the correlation between HIF-1α and pulmonary arterial hypertension (ascites syndrome) in broilers. HIGHLIGHTSExplains the hypoxic mechanism of HIF-1α.Linking HIF-1α to pulmonary hypertension in broilers.Explains the role of microRNAs in pulmonary arterial hypertension in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weile Fang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Enqi Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaona Gao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Hou
- Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Guyue Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Cheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Jiang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjie Yan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Ping Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Ye L, Huang Y, Chen K, Hang C, Ying Y, Zu L, Luo X, Du L. Early postnatal moderate catch‑up growth in rats with nutritional intrauterine growth restriction preserves pulmonary vascular and cognitive function in adulthood. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:183. [PMID: 38515647 PMCID: PMC10952380 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) with rapid postnatal catch-up growth is strongly associated with pulmonary vascular dysfunction in adulthood, whereas IUGR with delayed growth in early postnatal life results in long-term brain deficits. In the present study, it was hypothesized that IUGR with early moderate catch-up growth may alleviate pulmonary vascular remodeling in adulthood without affecting memory function. An IUGR model was established by restricting maternal nutrition during pregnancy. Different growth patterns were achieved by adjusting the litter size in each group during lactation. Rats meeting the weight requirement at weaning were selected for subsequent studies at three time points (3, 9 and 13 weeks). Cognitive function was evaluated using a Y-maze. Invasive hemodynamic measurements were conducted to measure the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP). In addition, primary pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (PVECs) were cultured to investigate their role in the increase in mPAP following rapid catch-up growth. The results showed that memory function deficits in the rats in the delayed growth group were associated with reduced proliferation of neural stem cells in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus. Furthermore, moderate catch-up growth at the three time points improved memory function while maintaining a normal mPAP. In adult IUGR rats experiencing rapid catch-up growth, although memory function improved, elevated mPAP and medial thickening of pulmonary arterioles were observed. Additionally, PASMCs exhibited excessive proliferation, migration and anti-apoptotic activity in the rapid catch-up group, and PVECs also displayed excessive proliferation. These results suggested that moderate catch-up growth after IUGR is a better strategy for optimal cognition and cardiovascular health in adulthood compared with rapid catch-up growth or delayed growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Ye
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
| | - Kewei Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
| | - Chengcheng Hang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
| | - Yuhan Ying
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Luo
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
| | - Lizhong Du
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
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Liu J, Fang G, Lan C, Qiu C, Yao L, Zhang Q, Hu J, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y. Forsythoside B Mitigates Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via Blocking the NF-κB Signaling Pathway to Attenuate Vascular Remodeling. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:767-780. [PMID: 38495631 PMCID: PMC10942864 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s444605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease with little effective treatment. The proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) induced by the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling activation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of PAH. Forsythoside B (FTS•B) possesses inhibitory effect on NF-κB signaling pathway. The present study aims to explore the effects and mechanisms of FTS•B in PAH. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats received monocrotaline (MCT) intraperitoneal injection to establish PAH model, and FTS•B was co-treated after MCT injection. Right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary artery pressure were measured by echocardiography and right heart catheterization, respectively. Histological alterations were detected by H&E staining and immunohistochemistry. FTS•B's role in PASMC proliferation and migration were evaluated by CCK-8 and wound healing assay. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and ELISA were conducted. The NF-κB activator PMA was used to investigate the role of NF-κB in FTS•B's protective effects against PAH. Results FTS•B markedly alleviated MCT-induced vascular remodeling and pulmonary artery pressure, and improved right ventricular hypertrophy and survival. FTS•B also reversed PDGF-BB-induced PASMC proliferation and migration, decreased PCNA and CyclinD1 expression in vitro. The elevated levels of IL-1β and IL-6 caused by MCT were decreased by FTS•B. Mechanistically, MCT-triggered phosphorylation of p65, IκBα, IKKα and IKKβ was blunted by FTS•B. FTS•B also reversed MCT-induced nuclear translocation of p65. However, all these protective effects were blocked by PMA-mediated NF-κB activation. Conclusion FTS•B effectively attenuates PAH by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway to attenuate vascular remodeling. FTS•B might be a promising drug candidate with clinical translational potential for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyao Fang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, People’s Republic of China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Lan
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenming Qiu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingtang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaolei Zhang
- Basic Medical Laboratory, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, People’s Republic of China
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Jiang G, Shi LF, Li LJ, Duan XJ, Zheng ZF. Activation of the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 pathway improves pulmonary arterial hypertension in MCT-induced rats by inhibiting autophagy. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23452. [PMID: 38308640 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301563r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We aimed to investigate whether the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 pathway affects the development of PAH by mediating autophagy. A PAH rat model was established using monocrotaline (MCT). Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were extracted, and the changes in proliferation, migration, autophagy, and oxidative stress were analyzed following overexpression or knockdown of p62. The impact of p62 on the symptoms of PAH rats was assessed by the injection of an adenovirus overexpressing p62. We found that the knockdown of p62 increased the proliferation and migration of PASMCs, elevating the oxidative stress of PASMCs and upregulating gene expression of NADPH oxidases. Co-IP assay results demonstrated that p62 interacted with Keap1. p62 knockdown enhanced Keap1 protein stability and Nrf2 ubiquitination. LC3II/I and ATG5 were expressed more often when p62 was knocked down. Treating with an inhibitor of autophagy reversed the impact of p62 knockdown on PASMCs. Nrf2 inhibitor treatment reduced the expression of Nrf2 and p62, while increasing the expression of Keap1, LC3II/I, and ATG5 in PASMCs. However, overexpressing p62 diminished mRVP, SPAP, and Fulton index in PAH rats and attenuated pulmonary vascular wall thickening. Overexpression of p62 also decreased the expression of Keap1, LC3II/I, and ATG5 and increased the nuclear expression of Nrf2 in PAH rats. Importantly, overexpression of p62 reduced oxidative stress and the NADPH oxidase expression in PAH rats. Overall, activation of the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 positive feedback signaling axis reduces the proliferation and migration of PASMCs and alleviates PAH by inhibiting autophagy and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Li-Fang Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Jiao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Ju Duan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Fen Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
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Feng Y, Yu Z, Tang M, Li J, Peng B, Juaiti M, Tang Y, Liang B, Ouyang M, Liu Q, Song J. Transcriptome-Wide N6-Methyladenosine Alternations in Pulmonary Arteries of Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Rats and Novel Therapeutic Targets. Biomedicines 2024; 12:364. [PMID: 38397966 PMCID: PMC10886831 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a post-transcriptional epigenetic change with transcriptional stability and functionality regulated by specific m6A-modifying enzymes. However, the significance of genes modified by m6A and enzymes specific to m6A regulation in the context of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains largely unexplored. MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq were applied to explore variances in m6A and RNA expression within the pulmonary artery tissues of control and monocrotaline-induced PAH rats. Functional enrichments were analyzed using the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. To screen candidate m6A-related genes, the STRING and Metascape databases were used to construct a protein-protein interaction network followed by a real-time PCR validation of their expression. The expression level of an m6A regulator was further investigated using immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence, and Western blot techniques. Additionally, proliferation assays were conducted on primary rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). We identified forty-two differentially expressed genes that exhibited either hypermethylated or hypomethylated m6A. These genes are predominantly related to the extracellular matrix structure, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways. A candidate gene, centromere protein F (CENPF), was detected with increased expression in the PAH group. Additionally, we first identified an m6A reader, leucine rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing (LRPPRC), which was downregulated in the PAH rat model. The in vitro downregulation of Lrpprc mediated by siRNA resulted in the enhanced proliferation and elevated expression of Cenpf mRNA in primary rat PASMCs. Our study revealed a modified transcriptome-wide m6A landscape and associated regulatory mechanisms in the pulmonary arteries of PAH rats, potentially offering a novel target for therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (Y.F.); (Z.Y.); (B.P.); (M.J.); (Y.T.); (B.L.)
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (J.L.); (M.O.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zaixin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (Y.F.); (Z.Y.); (B.P.); (M.J.); (Y.T.); (B.L.)
| | - Mi Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
| | - Jiang Li
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (J.L.); (M.O.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Baohua Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (Y.F.); (Z.Y.); (B.P.); (M.J.); (Y.T.); (B.L.)
| | - Mukamengjiang Juaiti
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (Y.F.); (Z.Y.); (B.P.); (M.J.); (Y.T.); (B.L.)
| | - Yiyang Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (Y.F.); (Z.Y.); (B.P.); (M.J.); (Y.T.); (B.L.)
| | - Benhui Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (Y.F.); (Z.Y.); (B.P.); (M.J.); (Y.T.); (B.L.)
| | - Mingqi Ouyang
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (J.L.); (M.O.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
| | - Jie Song
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (J.L.); (M.O.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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Uddin N, Ashraf MT, Sam SJ, Sohail A, Ismail SM, Paladini A, Syed AA, Mohamad T, Varrassi G, Kumar S, Khatri M. Treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension With Sotatercept: A Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e51867. [PMID: 38327917 PMCID: PMC10849008 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) results from proliferative remodeling and narrowing of the pulmonary vasculature. Sotatercept is a first-in-class fusion protein that has recently garnered attention for showing improvements in patients with PAH. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assesses the overall efficacy of Sotatercept in treating PAH. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched using relevant keywords and MeSH terms. Studies were included if RCTs compared Sotatercept with placebo in patients with PAH. Our comprehensive literature search yielded 3,127 results, of which two RCTs with 429 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The patients were on background therapy for PAH. Results of the meta-analysis show that when compared with placebo, Sotatercept improved the six-minute walk distance (mean difference [MD] 34.99; 95% confidence interval [CI] 19.02-50.95; P < 0.0001), the World Health Organization (WHO) functional class (odds ratio [OR] 2.50; 95% CI 1.50-4.15; P = 0.0004), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR, MD -253.90; 95% CI -356.05 to -151.75; P < 0.00001). However, reduction in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP, MD -1563.14; 95% CI -3271.93 to 145.65; P = 0.07) was not statistically significant in the Sotatercept group versus placebo. In conclusion, Sotatercept improves the six-minute walk distance, WHO functional class, and PVR in patients with PAH receiving background therapy. However, the effect on NT-proBNP levels was not statistically significant. More research is needed to assess the clinical relevance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseer Uddin
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK
| | - Muhammad Talal Ashraf
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK
| | - Stafford Jude Sam
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK
| | - Affan Sohail
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK
| | - Syed Muhammad Ismail
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Abdul Ahad Syed
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK
| | - Tamam Mohamad
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | | | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Mahima Khatri
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
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8
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Li M, Ying M, Gu S, Zhou Z, Zhao R. Matrine alleviates hypoxia-induced inflammation and pulmonary vascular remodelling via RPS5/NF-κB signalling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23583. [PMID: 37986032 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced vasoconstriction and vascular remodelling are the main pathological features of hypoxic pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH), and inflammation is participated in the occurrence of pulmonary vascular remodelling (PVR). Matrine is an alkaloid with the effects of anti-inflammation, antifibrosis and antitumour. But, few studies have explored the role of matrine in regulating PVR, and the related mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, we found that hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation and inhibited its apoptosis, reduced the expression of ribosomal protein s5 and activated the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signalling. Matrine, sildenafil and NF-κB inhibitor Bay 11-7082 could reverse these changes and impel the cell cycle in phase S retardation, and reduced the expression of p50, p65, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bcl-2. In addition, matrine could lower right ventricular systolic pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure of rats, α-smooth muscle actin and PCNA expression in pulmonary artery media, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleuki-1β, thus improved hypoxia-induced PVR. This study indicated that matrine could alleviate inflammation and improve PVR through reversing the imbalance of proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs, thus it had a therapeutic effect on HPAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaofa Ying
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenglong Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Choi R, Narayanan R, Jandu S, Savage W, Kang S, Wodu B, Nandakumar K, Santhanam L, Steppan J. Optimization of resting tension for wire myography in male rat pulmonary arteries. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15911. [PMID: 38212292 PMCID: PMC10784191 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Wire myography to test vasomotor functions of blood vessels ex-vivo are well-established for the systemic circulation, however, there is no consensus on protocols for pulmonary arteries. We created a standardized wire myography protocol for healthy rat PAs and validated this in a pulmonary hypertension (PH) model. Vessels stretched to higher initial tensions (5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mN) exhibited a uniform response to phenylephrine, a larger dynamic range, and lower EC50 values. The endothelium-mediated relaxation showed that moderate tensions (7.5 and 10.0 mN) produced robust responses with higher maximum relaxation and lower EC50 values. For endothelium independent responses, the higher initial tension groups had lower and more consistent EC50 values than the lower initial tension groups. Pulmonary arteries from rats with PH were more responsive to vasoactive drugs when subjected to a higher initial tension. Notably, vessels in the PH group subjected to 15.0 mN exhibited high dynamic ranges in contractile and relaxation responses without tearing. Lastly, we observed attenuated cholinergic responses in these vessels-consistent with endothelial dysfunction in PH. Therefore, a moderate initial tension of 7.5-10.0 mN is optimal for healthy rat pulmonary arteries and a higher initial tension of 15.0 mN is optimal for pulmonary arteries from animals with PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rira Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roshini Narayanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sandeep Jandu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - William Savage
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bulouere Wodu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kavitha Nandakumar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lakshmi Santhanam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jochen Steppan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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10
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Zhong Z, Li K, Shen C, Ma Y, Guo L. Erythropoietin improves pulmonary hypertension by promoting the homing and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in lung tissue. Hum Cell 2024; 37:214-228. [PMID: 37968533 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-01009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic disease thatultimately progresses to right-sided heart failure and death. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been shown to have therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases, including PAH. In this study, we aimed to investigate the improvement effect of EPO pretreated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on PAH. BMSCs were obtained from the bone marrow of male SD rats. Female rats were randomly divided into six groups, including control group, monocrotaline (MCT)-induced group, and four groups with different doses of EPO pretreated BMSCs. Lung tissue was taken for testing at 2 weeks of treatment. Our results showed EPO promoted homing and endothelial cell differentiation of BMSCs in the lung tissues of PAH rats. EPO and BMSCs treatment attenuated pulmonary arterial pressure, polycythemia, and pulmonary artery structural remodeling. Furthermore, BMSCs inhibited pulmonary vascular endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in PAH rats, which was further suppressed by EPO in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, EPO and BMSC treatment elevated pulmonary angiogenesis in PAH rats. BMSCs inhibited TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1 in lung tissues of PAH rats, which was further decreased by EPO in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, EPO improved pulmonary hypertension (PH) by promoting the homing and differentiation of BMSCs in lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Zhong
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, 850000, Tibet, China
| | - Chongyang Shen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 230041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxiao Ma
- Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square E, New York, NY, 10003, United States of America.
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32# W. Sec 2,1St Ring Rd., Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
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11
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Zheng Y, Yuan P, Zhang Z, Fu Y, Li S, Ruan Y, Li P, Chen Y, Feng W, Zheng X. Fatty Oil of Descurainia Sophia Nanoparticles Improve Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats Through PLC/IP3R/Ca 2+ Signaling Pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7483-7503. [PMID: 38090366 PMCID: PMC10714987 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s436866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Fatty oil of Descurainia Sophia (OIL) has poor stability and low solubility, which limits its pharmacological effects. We hypothesized that fatty oil nanoparticles (OIL-NPs) could overcome this limitation. The protective effect of OIL-NPs against monocrotaline-induced lung injury in rats was studied. Methods We prepared OIL-NPs by wrapping fatty oil with polylactic-polyglycolide nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) and conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments to explore its anti-pulmonary hypertension (PH) effect. In vitro, we induced malignant proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (RPASMC) using anoxic chambers, and studied the effects of OIL-NPs on the malignant proliferation of RPASMC cells and phospholipase C (PLC)/inositol triphosphate receptor (IP3R)/Ca2+ signal pathways. In vivo, we used small animal echocardiography, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, western blotting (WB), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and metabolomics to explore the effects of OIL-NPs on the heart and lung pathological damage and PLC/IP3R/Ca2+ signal pathway of pulmonary hypertension rats. Results We prepared fatty into OIL-NPs. In vitro, OIL-NPs could improve the mitochondrial function and inhibit the malignant proliferation of RPASMC cells by inhibiting the PLC/IP3R/Ca2+signal pathway. In vivo, OIL-NPs could reduce the pulmonary artery pressure of rats and alleviate the pathological injury and inflammatory reaction of heart and lung by inhibiting the PLC/IP3R/Ca2+ signal pathway. Conclusion OIL-NPs have anti-pulmonary hypertension effect, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PLC/IP3R/Ca2+signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peipei Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenkai Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Saifei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Panying Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Ren H, Dai R, Nik Nabil WN, Xi Z, Wang F, Xu H. Unveiling the dual role of autophagy in vascular remodelling and its related diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115643. [PMID: 37839111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodelling is an adaptive response to physiological and pathological stimuli that leads to structural and functional changes in the vascular intima, media, and adventitia. Pathological vascular remodelling is a hallmark feature of numerous vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, abdominal aortic aneurysm, pulmonary hypertension and preeclampsia. Autophagy is critical in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and its dysregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including vascular diseases. However, despite emerging evidence, the role of autophagy and its dual effects on vascular remodelling has garnered limited attention. Autophagy can exert protective and detrimental effects on the vascular intima, media and adventitia, thereby substantially influencing the course of vascular remodelling and its related vascular diseases. Currently, there has not been a review that thoroughly describes the regulation of autophagy in vascular remodelling and its impact on related diseases. Therefore, this review aimed to bridge this gap by focusing on the regulatory roles of autophagy in diseases related to vascular remodelling. This review also summarizes recent advancements in therapeutic agents targeting autophagy to regulate vascular remodelling. Additionally, this review offers an overview of recent breakthroughs in therapeutic agents targeting autophagy to regulate vascular remodelling. A deeper understanding of how autophagy orchestrates vascular remodelling can drive the development of targeted therapies for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangui Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rongchen Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wan Najbah Nik Nabil
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China; Pharmaceutical Services Program, Ministry of Health, Selangor 46200, Malaysia
| | - Zhichao Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Hongxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China.
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13
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Zhang Y, Zhou M, Liang Y, Li R, Zhang L, Chen S, Yang K, Ding H, Tan X, Zhang Q, Qiao Z. Study of Transcriptomic Analysis of Yak ( Bos grunniens) and Cattle ( Bos taurus) Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells under Oxygen Concentration Gradients and Differences in Their Lung Histology and Expression of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 1-Related Factors. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3450. [PMID: 38003068 PMCID: PMC10668684 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which hypoxia affects the biological behavior of yak PASMCs, the changes in the histological structure of yak and cattle lungs, and the relationships and regulatory roles that exist regarding the differences in the distribution and expression of PDK1 and its hypoxia-associated factors screened for their role in the adaptation of yak lungs to the plateau hypoxic environment. The results showed that, at the level of transcriptome sequencing, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of the HIF-1 signaling pathway, glucose metabolism pathway, and related factors (HK2/PGK1/ENO1/ENO3/ALDOC/ALDOA) may be closely related to the adaptation of yaks to the hypoxic environment of the plateau; at the tissue level, the presence of filled alveoli and semi-filled alveoli, thicker alveolar septa and basement membranes, a large number of erythrocytes, capillary distribution, and collagen fibers accounted for all levels of fine bronchioles in the lungs of yaks as compared to cattle. A higher percentage of goblet cells was found in the fine bronchioles of yaks, and PDK1, HIF-1α, and VEGF were predominantly distributed and expressed in the monolayers of ciliated columnar epithelium in the branches of the terminal fine bronchioles of yak and cattle lungs, with a small amount of it distributed in the alveolar septa; at the molecular level, the differences in PDK1 mRNA relative expression in the lungs of adult yaks and cattle were not significant (p > 0.05), the differences in HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA relative expression were significant (p < 0.05), and the expression of PDK1 and HIF-1α proteins in adult yaks was stronger than that in adult cattle. PDK1 and HIF-1α proteins were more strongly expressed in adult yaks than in adult cattle, and the difference was highly significant (p < 0.01); the relative expression of VEGF proteins was not significantly different between adult yaks and cattle (p > 0.05). The possible regulatory relationship between the above results and the adaptation of yak lungs to the plateau hypoxic environment paves the way for the regulatory mechanisms of PDK1, HIF-1α, and VEGF, and provides basic information for studying the mechanism of hypoxic adaptation of yaks in the plateau. At the same time, it provides a reference for human hypoxia adaptation and a target for the prevention and treatment of plateau diseases in humans and plateau animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (R.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Q.)
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (H.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Manlin Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (R.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Q.)
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (H.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Yuxin Liang
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (H.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Rui Li
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (R.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Q.)
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (H.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Lan Zhang
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (H.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Shuwu Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (R.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Q.)
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (H.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Kun Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (R.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Q.)
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (H.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Haie Ding
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (H.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Xiao Tan
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (H.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Zilin Qiao
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (R.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Q.)
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (H.D.); (X.T.)
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14
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Zeng C, Liu J, Zheng X, Hu X, He Y. Prostaglandin and prostaglandin receptors: present and future promising therapeutic targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Respir Res 2023; 24:263. [PMID: 37915044 PMCID: PMC10619262 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), Group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH), is a type of pulmonary vascular disease characterized by abnormal contraction and remodeling of the pulmonary arterioles, manifested by pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and increased pulmonary arterial pressure, eventually leading to right heart failure or even death. The mechanisms involved in this process include inflammation, vascular matrix remodeling, endothelial cell apoptosis and proliferation, vasoconstriction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and hypertrophy. In this study, we review the mechanisms of action of prostaglandins and their receptors in PAH. MAIN BODY PAH-targeted therapies, such as endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, activators of soluble guanylate cyclase, prostacyclin, and prostacyclin analogs, improve PVR, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, and the six-minute walk distance, cardiac output and exercise capacity and are licensed for patients with PAH; however, they have not been shown to reduce mortality. Current treatments for PAH primarily focus on inhibiting excessive pulmonary vasoconstriction, however, vascular remodeling is recalcitrant to currently available therapies. Lung transplantation remains the definitive treatment for patients with PAH. Therefore, it is imperative to identify novel targets for improving pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH. Studies have confirmed that prostaglandins and their receptors play important roles in the occurrence and development of PAH through vasoconstriction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, inflammation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. CONCLUSION Prostacyclin and related drugs have been used in the clinical treatment of PAH. Other prostaglandins also have the potential to treat PAH. This review provides ideas for the treatment of PAH and the discovery of new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xialei Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhu He
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Lu G, Du R, Liu Y, Zhang S, Li J, Pei J. RGS5 as a Biomarker of Pericytes, Involvement in Vascular Remodeling and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2023; 19:673-688. [PMID: 37881333 PMCID: PMC10596204 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s429535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by a sustained rise in mean pulmonary artery pressure. Pulmonary vascular remodeling serves an important role in PAH. Identifying a key driver gene to regulate vascular remodeling of the pulmonary microvasculature is critical for PAH management. Methods Differentially expressed genes were identified using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) GSE117261, GSE48149, GSE113439, GSE53408 and GSE16947 datasets. A co-expression network was constructed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Novel and key signatures of PAH were screened using four algorithms, including weighted gene co-expression network analysis, GEO2R analysis, support vector machines recursive feature elimination and robust rank aggregation rank analysis. Regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5), a pro-apoptotic/anti-proliferative protein, which regulate arterial tone and blood pressure in vascular smooth muscle cells. The expression of RGS5 was determined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in PAH and normal mice. The location of RGS5 and pericytes was detected using immunofluorescence. Results Compared with that in the normal group, RGS5 expression was upregulated in the PAH group based on GEO and RT-qPCR analyses. RGS5 expression in single cells was enriched in pericytes in single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. RGS5 co-localization with pericytes was detected in the pulmonary microvasculature of PAH. Conclusion RGS5 regulates vascular remodeling of the pulmonary microvasculature and the occurrence of PAH through pericytes, which has provided novel ideas and strategies regarding the occurrence and innovative treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Du
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yali Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shumiao Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianming Pei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Lin MJ, Hu SL, Tian Y, Zhang J, Liang N, Sun R, Gong SX, Wang AP. Targeting Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Senescence: A Novel Strategy for Vascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:1010-1020. [PMID: 36973566 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Vascular diseases are a major threat to human health, characterized by high rates of morbidity, mortality, and disability. VSMC senescence contributes to dramatic changes in vascular morphology, structure, and function. A growing number of studies suggest that VSMC senescence is an important pathophysiological mechanism for the development of vascular diseases, including pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerosis, aneurysm, and hypertension. This review summarizes the important role of VSMC senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) secreted by senescent VSMCs in the pathophysiological process of vascular diseases. Meanwhile, it concludes the progress of antisenescence therapy targeting VSMC senescence or SASP, which provides new strategies for the prevention and treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Juan Lin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shi-Liang Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shaoyang Central Hospital, Shaoyang, 422000, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Institute of Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Na Liang
- Institute of Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Sun
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Shao-Xin Gong
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Ai-Ping Wang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
- Institute of Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, China.
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17
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Norlander AE, Abney M, Cephus JY, Roe CE, Irish JM, Shelburne NJ, Newcomb DC, Hemnes AR, Peebles RS. Prostaglandin I 2 Therapy Promotes Regulatory T Cell Generation in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:737-739. [PMID: 37413696 PMCID: PMC10515570 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202304-0716le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Norlander
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Cell Biology, Anatomy, and Physiology and
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Masako Abney
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Caroline E. Roe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan M. Irish
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nicholas J. Shelburne
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Dawn C. Newcomb
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Anna R. Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - R. Stokes Peebles
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
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18
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Nolze A, Matern S, Grossmann C. Calcineurin Is a Universal Regulator of Vessel Function-Focus on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2269. [PMID: 37759492 PMCID: PMC10528183 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin, a serine/threonine phosphatase regulating transcription factors like NFaT and CREB, is well known for its immune modulatory effects and role in cardiac hypertrophy. Results from experiments with calcineurin knockout animals and calcineurin inhibitors indicate that calcineurin also plays a crucial role in vascular function, especially in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In the aorta, calcineurin stimulates the proliferation and migration of VSMCs in response to vascular injury or angiotensin II administration, leading to pathological vessel wall thickening. In the heart, calcineurin mediates coronary artery formation and VSMC differentiation, which are crucial for proper heart development. In pulmonary VSMCs, calcineurin/NFaT signaling regulates the release of Ca2+, resulting in increased vascular tone followed by pulmonary arterial hypertension. In renal VSMCs, calcineurin regulates extracellular matrix secretion promoting fibrosis development. In the mesenteric and cerebral arteries, calcineurin mediates a phenotypic switch of VSMCs leading to altered cell function. Gaining deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms of calcineurin signaling will help researchers to understand developmental and pathogenetical aspects of the vasculature. In this review, we provide an overview of the physiological function and pathophysiology of calcineurin in the vascular system with a focus on vascular smooth muscle cells in different organs. Overall, there are indications that under certain pathological settings reduced calcineurin activity seems to be beneficial for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia Grossmann
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
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19
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Jaiswal V, Ang SP, Agrawal V, Borra V, Bandyopadhyay D, Dhakal A, DeMarco T, Fonarow GC. Sotatercept for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2023; 3:oead086. [PMID: 37767012 PMCID: PMC10521901 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oead086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Jaiswal
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USA
| | - Song Peng Ang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers Health/Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ, USA
| | - Vibhor Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vamsikalyan Borra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Weslaco, TX, USA
| | | | - Aayusha Dhakal
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Teresa DeMarco
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregg C Fonarow
- Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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20
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Wang EL, Zhang JJ, Luo FM, Fu MY, Li D, Peng J, Liu B. Cerebellin-2 promotes endothelial-mesenchymal transition in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension rats by activating NF-κB/HIF-1α/Twist1 pathway. Life Sci 2023; 328:121879. [PMID: 37355224 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is one of the critical factors leading to vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Recent studies found that the expression of Cerebellin-2 (CBLN2) is significantly increased in the lung tissue of patients with PH, suggesting that CBLN2 may be closely related to the development of PH. This study aims to investigate the role and potential mechanism of CBLN2 in the hypoxia-induced EndMT of PH rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Hypoxia-induced PH rat model or EndMT cell model was constructed to investigate the role of CBLN2 in the process of endothelial mesenchymal transition during PH. The effects of CBLN2 siRNA, KC7F2 (HIF-1α inhibitor), and PDTC (NF-κB inhibitor) on hypoxia-induced EndMT were observed to evaluate the potential mechanism of CBLN2 in promoting EndMT. KEY FINDINGS The right ventricular systolic pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling index in hypoxia-treated rats were significantly increased. The transformation of endothelial cells (marked by CD31) to mesenchymal cells (marked by α-SMA) can be observed in the pulmonary vessels of PH rats, and the expression of CBLN2 in the intima was also significantly up-regulated. In the hypoxia-induced HPAECs, endothelial cell markers such as VE-cadherin and CD31 expression were significantly down-regulated, while mesenchymal-like cell markers such as α-SMA and vimentin were increased considerably, along with the increased expressions of CBLN2, p-p65, HIF-1α, and Twist1; CBLN2 siRNA, PDTC, and KC7F2 could inhibit those phenomena. SIGNIFICANCE CBLN2 can promote EndMT by activating NF-κB/HIF-1α/Twist1 pathway. Therefore, CBLN2 may be a new therapeutic target for PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jie-Jie Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Fang-Mei Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Min-Yi Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Dai Li
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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21
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Liu Y, Luo Y, Shi X, Lu Y, Li H, Fu G, Li X, Shan L. Role of KLF4/NDRG1/DRP1 axis in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166794. [PMID: 37356737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) has recently drawn increasing attention because of its involvement in angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and differentiation. We used in vitro [human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs)] and in vivo (rat) models under hypoxic conditions and found a vital role of NDRG1 in reducing apoptosis and increasing proliferation and migration by overexpressing and knocking down NDRG1. We also proved that hypoxia induced the protein expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and stimulated The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/ Protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, and these effects were reversed by NDRG1 knockdown. The relationship between NDRG1 and DRP1 and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was further evaluated by adding mdivi-1 (DRP1 inhibitor) or LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor). NDRG1 was found to regulate the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of hypoxia-treated hPASMCs via DRP1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. We explored the upstream regulators of NDRG1 using in vivo and in vitro hypoxia models. Hypoxia was found to upregulate and downregulate KLF transcription factor 4 (KLF4) protein expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus, respectively. Further, we showed that KLF4 regulated the proliferation and migration of hypoxia-treated hPASMCs via NDRG1. These results indicated a link between KLF4, NDRG1, and DRP1 for the first time, providing new ideas for treating hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Xianbao Shi
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Ya Lu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Gaoge Fu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Lina Shan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China.
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22
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Tong Y, Zhou MH, Li SP, Zhao HM, Zhang YR, Chen D, Wu YX, Pang QF. MiR-155-5p Attenuates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Oxidative Stress and Migration via Inhibiting BACH1 Expression. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1679. [PMID: 37371773 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The malfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is an initiating factor in the pathogenesis of pathological vascular remodeling, including hypertension-related vascular lesions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of VSMC proliferation and migration in numerous cases of cardiovascular remodeling. The evidence for the regulatory role of miR-155-5p in the development of the cardiovascular system has been emerging. However, it was previously unclear whether miR-155-5p participated in the migration of VSMCs under hypertensive conditions. Thus, we aimed to define the exact role and action of miR-155-5p in VSMC migration by hypertension. Here, we detected that the level of miR-155-5p was lower in primary VSMCs from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Its overexpression attenuated, while its depletion accelerated, the migration and oxidative damage of VSMCs from SHRs. Our dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miRNA-155-5p directly targeted the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1). The miR-155-5p mimic inhibited BACH1 upregulation in SHR VSMCs. By contrast, the deletion of miR-155-5p further elevated the upregulation of BACH1 in SHR-derived VSMCs. Importantly, the overexpression of miR-155-5p and knockdown of BACH1 had synergistic effects on the inhibition of VSMCs in hypertension. Collectively, miR-155-5p attenuates VSMC migration and ameliorates vascular remodeling in SHRs, via suppressing BACH1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tong
- Department of Physiopathology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Mei-Hui Zhou
- Department of Physiopathology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Sheng-Peng Li
- Department of Physiopathology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hui-Min Zhao
- Department of Physiopathology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ya-Ru Zhang
- Department of Physiopathology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Physiopathology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ya-Xian Wu
- Department of Physiopathology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qing-Feng Pang
- Department of Physiopathology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, China
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23
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Gugliandolo E, Macrì F, Fusco R, Siracusa R, Cordaro M, D'amico R, Peritore AF, Impellizzeri D, Genovese T, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R, Crupi R. Inhibiting IL-6 in medicine: a new twist to sustain inhibition of his cytokine tin the therapy of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Pharmacol Res 2023; 192:106750. [PMID: 37004831 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by an increase in blood pressure in the lungs' arteries. It can occur in a variety of species, including humans, dogs, cats, and horses. To date, PAH has a high mortality rate in both veterinary and human medicine, often due to complications such as heart failure. The complex pathological mechanisms of PAH involve multiple cellular signalling pathways at various levels. IL-6 is a powerful pleiotropic cytokine that regulates several phases of immune response, inflammation, and tissue remodelling. The hypothesis of this study was that the use of an IL-6 antagonist in PAH could interrupt or mitigate the cascade of events that leads to the progression of the disease and the worsening of clinical outcome, as well as tissue remodelling. In this study, we used two pharmacological protocols with an IL-6 receptor antagonist in a monocrotaline-induced PAH model in rats. Our results showed that the use of an IL-6 receptor antagonist had a significant protective effect, ameliorating both haemodynamic parameters, lung and cardiac function, tissue remodelling, and the inflammation associated with PAH. The results of this study suggest that the inhibition IL-6 could be a useful pharmacological strategy in PAH, in both human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesco Macrì
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D'amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
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24
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Zhang X, Cai H, Xu H, Dong S, Ma H. Critical roles of m 6A methylation in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1187514. [PMID: 37273867 PMCID: PMC10235536 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1187514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been established as a major cause of mortality globally. However, the exact pathogenesis remains obscure. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is the most common epigenetic modification on mRNAs regulated by methyltransferase complexes (writers), demethylase transferases (erasers) and binding proteins (readers). It is now understood that m6A is a major player in physiological and pathological cardiac processes. m6A methylation are potentially involved in many mechanisms, for instance, regulation of calcium homeostasis, endothelial function, different forms of cell death, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, macrophage response and inflammation. In this review, we will summarize the molecular functions of m6A enzymes. We mainly focus on m6A-associated mechanisms and functions in CVDs, especially in heart failure and ischemia heart disease. We will also discuss the potential application and clinical transformation of m6A modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- The Public Laboratory Platform of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - He Cai
- The Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - He Xu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Lequn Branch, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Su Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haichun Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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25
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Ramadhiani R, Ikeda K, Miyagawa K, Ryanto GRT, Tamada N, Suzuki Y, Kirita Y, Matoba S, Hirata KI, Emoto N. Endothelial cell senescence exacerbates pulmonary hypertension by inducing juxtacrine Notch signaling in smooth muscle cells. iScience 2023; 26:106662. [PMID: 37192975 PMCID: PMC10182325 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary artery pressure caused by pathological pulmonary artery remodeling. Here, we demonstrate that endothelial cell (EC) senescence plays a negative role in pulmonary hypertension via juxtacrine interaction with smooth muscle cells (SMCs). By using EC-specific progeroid mice, we discovered that EC progeria deteriorated vascular remodeling in the lungs, and exacerbated pulmonary hypertension in mice. Mechanistically, senescent ECs overexpressed Notch ligands, which resulted in increased Notch signaling and activated proliferation and migration capacities in neighboring SMCs. Pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling reduced the effects of senescent ECs on SMCs functions in vitro, and improved the worsened pulmonary hypertension in EC-specific progeroid mice in vivo. Our findings show that EC senescence is a critical disease-modifying factor in PAH and that EC-mediated Notch signaling is a pharmacotherapeutic target for the treatment of PAH, particularly in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Ramadhiani
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe 6500017, Japan
| | - Koji Ikeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology for Longevity and Regional Health, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
- Corresponding author
| | - Kazuya Miyagawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe 6500017, Japan
| | - Gusty Rizky Tough Ryanto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe 6500017, Japan
| | - Naoki Tamada
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe 6500017, Japan
| | - Yoko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Yuhei Kirita
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe 6500017, Japan
| | - Noriaki Emoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe 6500017, Japan
- Corresponding author
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26
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Burns N, Nijmeh H, Lapel M, Riddle S, Yegutkin GG, Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya E. Isolation of vasa vasorum endothelial cells from pulmonary artery adventitia: Implementation to vascular biology research. Microvasc Res 2023; 147:104479. [PMID: 36690271 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Isolated endothelial cells are valuable in vitro model for vascular research. At present, investigation of disease-relevant changes in vascular endothelium at the molecular level requires established endothelial cell cultures, preserving vascular bed-specific phenotypic characteristics. Vasa vasorum (VV) form a microvascular network around large blood vessels, in both the pulmonary and systemic circulations, that are critically important for maintaining the integrity and oxygen supply of the vascular wall. However, despite the pathophysiological significance of the VV, methods for the isolation and culture of vasa vasorum endothelial cells (VVEC) have not yet been reported. In our prior studies, we demonstrated the presence of hypoxia-induced angiogenic expansion of the VV in the pulmonary artery (PA) of neonatal calves; an observation which has been followed by a series of in vitro studies on isolated PA VVEC. Here we present a detailed protocol for reproducible isolation, purification, and culture of PA VVEC. We show these cells to express generic endothelial markers, (vWF, eNOS, VEGFR2, Tie1, and CD31), as well as progenitor markers (CD34 and CD133), bind lectin Lycopersicon Esculentum, and incorporate acetylated low-density lipoproteins labeled with acetylated LDL (DiI-Ac-LDL). qPCR analysis additionally revealed the expression of CD105, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MCAM, and NCAM. Ultrastructural electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that VVEC are morphologically characterized by a developed actin and microtubular cytoskeleton, mitochondrial network, abundant intracellular vacuolar/secretory system, and cell-surface filopodia. VVEC exhibit exponential growth in culture and can be mitogenically activated by multiple growth factors. Thus, our protocol provides the opportunity for VVEC isolation from the PA, and potentially from other large vessels, enabling advances in VV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Burns
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Hala Nijmeh
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Martin Lapel
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Suzette Riddle
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Gennady G Yegutkin
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
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27
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Ma B, Cao Y, Qin J, Chen Z, Hu G, Li Q. Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching: A key event in the early stage of pulmonary artery hypertension. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103559. [PMID: 36958640 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a currently incurable pulmonary vascular disease. Since current research on PAH is mainly aimed at the middle and late stages of disease progression, no satisfactory results have been achieved. This has led researchers to focus on the early stages of PAH. This review highlights for the first time a key event in the early stages of PAH progression, namely, the occurrence of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) phenotypic switching. Summarizing the related reports of performance conversion provides new perspectives and directions for the early pathological progression and treatment strategies for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Small Molecules for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Small Molecules for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Qin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Small Molecules for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Small Molecules for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Gaoyun Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Small Molecules for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qianbin Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Small Molecules for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
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28
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Yang L, Wan N, Gong F, Wang X, Feng L, Liu G. Transcription factors and potential therapeutic targets for pulmonary hypertension. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1132060. [PMID: 37009479 PMCID: PMC10064017 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1132060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a refractory and fatal disease characterized by excessive pulmonary arterial cell remodeling. Uncontrolled proliferation and hypertrophy of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), dysfunction of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs), and abnormal perivascular infiltration of immune cells result in pulmonary arterial remodeling, followed by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary pressure. Although various drugs targeting nitric oxide, endothelin-1 and prostacyclin pathways have been used in clinical settings, the mortality of pulmonary hypertension remains high. Multiple molecular abnormalities have been implicated in pulmonary hypertension, changes in numerous transcription factors have been identified as key regulators in pulmonary hypertension, and a role for pulmonary vascular remodeling has been highlighted. This review consolidates evidence linking transcription factors and their molecular mechanisms, from pulmonary vascular intima PAECs, vascular media PASMCs, and pulmonary arterial adventitia fibroblasts to pulmonary inflammatory cells. These findings will improve the understanding of particularly interactions between transcription factor-mediated cellular signaling pathways and identify novel therapies for pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Naifu Wan
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanpeng Gong
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guizhu Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Guizhu Liu,
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29
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Xia Y, Zhang X, An P, Luo J, Luo Y. Mitochondrial Homeostasis in VSMCs as a Central Hub in Vascular Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043483. [PMID: 36834896 PMCID: PMC9961025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a common pathological hallmark of many cardiovascular diseases. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the predominant cell type lining the tunica media and play a crucial role in maintaining aortic morphology, integrity, contraction and elasticity. Their abnormal proliferation, migration, apoptosis and other activities are tightly associated with a spectrum of structural and functional alterations in blood vessels. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondria, the energy center of VSMCs, participate in vascular remodeling through multiple mechanisms. For example, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis prevents VSMCs from proliferation and senescence. The imbalance between mitochondrial fusion and fission controls the abnormal proliferation, migration and phenotypic transformation of VSMCs. Guanosine triphosphate-hydrolyzing enzymes, including mitofusin 1 (MFN1), mitofusin 2 (MFN2), optic atrophy protein 1 (OPA1) and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), are crucial for mitochondrial fusion and fission. In addition, abnormal mitophagy accelerates the senescence and apoptosis of VSMCs. PINK/Parkin and NIX/BINP3 pathways alleviate vascular remodeling by awakening mitophagy in VSMCs. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage destroys the respiratory chain of VSMCs, resulting in excessive ROS production and decreased ATP levels, which are related to the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of VSMCs. Thus, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis in VSMCs is a possible way to relieve pathologic vascular remodeling. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of mitochondria homeostasis in VSMCs during vascular remodeling and potential mitochondria-targeted therapies.
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30
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Qin HL, Bao JH, Tang JJ, Xu DY, Shen L. Arterial remodeling: the role of mitochondrial metabolism in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C183-C192. [PMID: 36468843 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00074.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arterial remodeling is a common pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, vascular restenosis, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, aortic dissection, and aneurysm. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are not only the main cellular components in the middle layer of the arterial wall but also the main cells involved in arterial remodeling. Dedifferentiated VSMCs lose their contractile properties and are converted to a synthetic, secretory, proliferative, and migratory phenotype, playing key roles in the pathogenesis of arterial remodeling. As mitochondria are the main site of biological oxidation and energy transformation in eukaryotic cells, mitochondrial numbers and function are very important in maintaining the metabolic processes in VSMCs. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are novel triggers of the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs, leading to the onset and development of arterial remodeling. Therefore, pharmacological measures that alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction reverse arterial remodeling by ameliorating VSMCs metabolic dysfunction and phenotypic transformation, providing new options for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases related to arterial remodeling. This review summarizes the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases associated with arterial remodeling and then discusses the potential mechanism by which mitochondrial dysfunction participates in pathological arterial remodeling. Furthermore, maintaining or improving mitochondrial function may be a new intervention strategy to prevent the progression of arterial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Li Qin
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing-Hui Bao
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Jun Tang
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan-Yan Xu
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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31
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Sulforaphane alleviated vascular remodeling in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension via inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109182. [PMID: 36220525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a cardiopulmonary disease featured by pulmonary vascular remodeling, which is due to abnormal proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and dysfunction of endothelial cells (ECs). Sulforaphane (SFN) is a natural isothiocyanate extracted from cruciferous vegetables with promising anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of SFN on HPH. Male mice were exposed to persistent chronic hypoxia for 4 weeks to induce HPH. The results demonstrated that SFN repressed the increased right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and attenuated the right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary arteries remodeling in HPH mice. In particular, after SFN treatment, the CD68 positive cells in lung sections were reduced; TNF-α and IL-6 levels in lungs and serum declined; activation of NF-κB in PASMCs was inhibited in response to hypoxia. Besides, SFN enhanced the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum, SOD2 expression, total glutathione levels, and GSH/GSSG ratio in PASMCs, along with a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in serum and ROS production in PASMCs after hypoxia exposure. Notably, SFN, as an Nrf2 activator, reversed the reduction in Nrf2 expression in hypoxic PASMCs. In vitro, SFN treatment inhibited hyperproliferation and promoted apoptosis of PASMCs under hypoxia conditions. SFN also prevented the apoptosis of pulmonary microvascular ECs caused by hypoxia. Therefore, these data suggested that SFN could significantly restrain the inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby inhibiting PASMCs proliferation, promoting PASMCs apoptosis, and reversing hypoxia injury in ECs to improve pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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32
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Zhang W, Liu B, Wang Y, Zhang H, He L, Wang P, Dong M. Mitochondrial dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1079989. [PMID: 36589421 PMCID: PMC9795033 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1079989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by the increased pulmonary vascular resistance due to pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. PAH has high disability, high mortality and poor prognosis, which is becoming a more common global health issue. There is currently no drug that can permanently cure PAH patients. The pathogenesis of PAH is still not fully elucidated. However, the role of metabolic theory in the pathogenesis of PAH is becoming clearer, especially mitochondrial metabolism. With the deepening of mitochondrial researches in recent years, more and more studies have shown that the occurrence and development of PAH are closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, redox homeostasis, enhanced glycolysis, and increased reactive oxygen species production, calcium dysregulation, mitophagy, etc. This review will further elucidate the relationship between mitochondrial metabolism and pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling. It might be possible to explore more comprehensive and specific treatment strategies for PAH by understanding these mitochondrial metabolic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Geratric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Hengli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Lang He
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China,Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Lang He, ; Pan Wang,
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Wenjiang District, Chengdu, China,Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Lang He, ; Pan Wang,
| | - Mingqing Dong
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China,Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Lang He, ; Pan Wang,
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Zhou W, Liu K, Zeng L, He J, Gao X, Gu X, Chen X, Jing Li J, Wang M, Wu D, Cai Z, Claesson-Welsh L, Ju R, Wang J, Zhang F, Chen Y. Targeting VEGF-A/VEGFR2 Y949 Signaling-Mediated Vascular Permeability Alleviates Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation 2022; 146:1855-1881. [PMID: 36384284 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with increased expression of VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A) and its receptor, VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor 2), but whether and how activation of VEGF-A signal participates in the pathogenesis of PH is unclear. METHODS VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signal activation and VEGFR2 Y949-dependent vascular leak were investigated in lung samples from patients with PH and mice exposed to hypoxia. To study their mechanistic roles in hypoxic PH, we examined right ventricle systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary vasculopathy in mutant mice carrying knock-in of phenylalanine that replaced the tyrosine at residual 949 of VEGFR2 (Vefgr2Y949F) and mice with conditional endothelial deletion of Vegfr2 after chronic hypoxia exposure. RESULTS We show that PH leads to excessive pulmonary vascular leak in both patients and hypoxic mice, and this is because of an overactivated VEGF-A/VEGFR2 Y949 signaling axis. In the context of hypoxic PH, activation of Yes1 and c-Src and subsequent VE-cadherin phosphorylation in endothelial cells are involved in VEGFR2 Y949-induced vascular permeability. Abolishing VEGFR2 Y949 signaling by Vefgr2Y949F point mutation was sufficient to prevent pulmonary vascular permeability and inhibit macrophage infiltration and Rac1 activation in smooth muscle cells under hypoxia exposure, thereby leading to alleviated PH manifestations, including muscularization of distal pulmonary arterioles, elevated right ventricle systolic pressure, and right ventricular hypertrophy. It is important that we found that VEGFR2 Y949 signaling in myeloid cells including macrophages was trivial and dispensable for hypoxia-induced vascular abnormalities and PH. In contrast with selective blockage of VEGFR2 Y949 signaling, disruption of the entire VEGFR2 signaling by conditional endothelial deletion of Vegfr2 promotes the development of PH. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the notion that VEGF-A/VEGFR2 Y949-dependent vascular permeability is an important determinant in the pathogenesis of PH and might serve as an attractive therapeutic target pathway for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Zhou
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.).,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.).,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., J.W., Y.C.)
| | - Keli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Lei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Jiaqi He
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.).,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., J.W., Y.C.)
| | - Xinbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Xun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Jing Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Minghui Wang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.)
| | - Duoguang Wu
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.)
| | - Zhixiong Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shantou Central Hospital, China (Z.C.)
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Rudbeck, SciLifeLab and Beijer Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.C.-W.)
| | - Rong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.).,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., J.W., Y.C.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Yangxin Chen
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.).,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., J.W., Y.C.)
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Li X, Zhang X, Hou X, Bing X, Zhu F, Wu X, Guo N, Zhao H, Xu F, Xia M. Obstructive sleep apnea-increased DEC1 regulates systemic inflammation and oxidative stress that promotes development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Apoptosis 2022; 28:432-446. [PMID: 36484960 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), is a common risk factor for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). As a hypoxia-induced transcription factor, differentially expressed in chondrocytes (DEC1) negatively regulates the transcription of peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), a recognized protective factor of PAH. However, whether and how DEC1 is associated with PAH pathogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we found that DEC1 was increased in lungs and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of rat models of OSA-associated PAH. Oxidative indicators and inflammatory cytokines were also elevated in the blood of the rats. Similarly, hypoxia-treated PASMCs displayed enhanced DEC1 expression and reduced PPARγ expression in vitro. Functionally, DEC1 overexpression exacerbated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1) in PASMCs. Conversely, shRNA knockdown of Dec1 increased PPARγ expression but attenuated hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in PASMCs. Additionally, DEC1 overexpression promoted PASMC proliferation, which was drastically attenuated by a PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. Collectively, these results suggest that hypoxia-induced DEC1 inhibits PPARγ, and that this is a predominant mechanism underpinning oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in PASMCs during PAH. DEC1 could be used as a potential target to treat PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaozhi Hou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Bing
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinhao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fenglei Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Ming Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Chen J, Zhou D, Miao J, Zhang C, Li X, Feng H, Xing Y, Zhang Z, Bao C, Lin Z, Chen Y, Yuan JXJ, Sun D, Yang K, Wang J. Microbiome and metabolome dysbiosis of the gut-lung axis in pulmonary hypertension. Microbiol Res 2022; 265:127205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Guo X, Meng Y, Wang Y, Nan S, Lu Y, Lu D, Yin Y. Mice lacking 1,4,5-triphosphate inositol type III receptor demonstrate inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 629:165-170. [PMID: 36122454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a respiratory disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure. Persistent hypoxia alters the metabolic and transport functions of endothelial cells and promotes thrombosis and inflammation. Type 3 inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R3) controls the release of calcium ions from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytoplasm and mitochondria and is involved in cell proliferation, migration, and protein synthesis. In this study, we investigated the role and function of IP3R3 in HPH. The results showed that the expression level of IP3R3 was increased in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) in a rat HPH model. The pulmonary artery pressure indices of IP3R3(-/-) mice with persistent hypoxia were significantly lower than those of HPH mice. The expression level of IP3R3 was significantly increased in hypoxia-treated PAECs. Knockdown of IP3R3 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and mesenchymal transition of PAECs induced by hypoxia. In conclusion, knockdown of IP3R3 can inhibit hypoxia-induced dysfunctions in PAECs, thus enabling IP3R3(-/-) mice to avoid HPH development. IP3R3 plays a key role in HPH and can be used as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of HPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yinan Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yumiao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shifa Nan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuchen Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Dezhang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yupeng Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Chen T, Su S, Yang Z, Zhang D, Li Z, Lu D. Srolo Bzhtang reduces inflammation and vascular remodeling via suppression of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115572. [PMID: 35872290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Srolo Bzhtang (SBT), which consists of Solms-laubachia eurycarpa, Bergenia purpurascens, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and lac secreted by Laccifer lacca Kerr (Lacciferidae Cockerell), is a well-known traditional Tibetan medicinal formula and was documented to cure "lung-heat" syndrome by eliminating "chiba" in the ancient Tibetan medical work Four Medical Tantras (Rgyud bzhi). Clinically, it is a therapy for pulmonary inflammatory disorders, such as pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, whether and how SBT participates in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to determine the role of SBT in attenuating pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular remodeling caused by monocrotaline (MCT) and hypoxia. To elucidate the potential mechanism underlying SBT-mediated PAH, we investigated the changes in inflammatory cytokines and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS MCT- and hypoxia-induced PAH rat models were used. After administering SBT for four weeks, the rats were tested for hemodynamic indicators, hematological changes, pulmonary arterial morphological changes, and the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in serum and lung tissues. Protein expression of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway was determined using western blotting. RESULTS SBT reduced pulmonary arterial pressure, vascular remodeling, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines induced by MCT and hypoxia in rats. Furthermore, SBT significantly suppressed the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that SBT alleviates MCT- and hypoxia-induced PAH in rats, which is related to its anti-inflammatory actions involving inhibition of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China; Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Technical Center of Xining Customs (Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research In Qinghai Province), Xining, 810003, PR China
| | - Zhanting Yang
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, PR China
| | - Zhanqiang Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China; Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China.
| | - Dianxiang Lu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China; Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China.
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Wang X, Li Q, He S, Bai J, Ma C, Zhang L, Guan X, Yuan H, Li Y, Zhu X, Mei J, Gao F, Zhu D. LncRNA FENDRR with m6A RNA methylation regulates hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery endothelial cell pyroptosis by mediating DRP1 DNA methylation. Mol Med 2022; 28:126. [PMID: 36284300 PMCID: PMC9594874 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death involved in the pathophysiological progression of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). Emerging evidence suggests that N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-modified transcripts of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators that participate in many diseases. However, whether m6A modified transcripts of lncRNAs can regulate pyroptosis in HPH progression remains unexplored. Methods The expression levels of FENDRR in hypoxic pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) were detected by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Western blot, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, Hoechst 33342/PI fluorescence staining and Caspase-1 activity assay were used to detect the role of FENDRR in HPAEC pyroptosis. The relationship between FENDRR and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) was explored using bioinformatics analysis, Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (CHIRP), Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP) assays. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and m6A dot blot were used to detect the m6A modification levels of FENDRR. A hypoxia-induced mouse model of pulmonary hypertension (PH) was used to test preventive effect of conserved fragment TFO2 of FENDRR. Results We found that FENDRR was significantly downregulated in the nucleus of hypoxic HPAECs. FENDRR overexpression inhibited hypoxia-induced HPAEC pyroptosis. Additionally, DRP1 is a downstream target gene of FENDRR, and FENDRR formed an RNA–DNA triplex with the promoter of DRP1, which led to an increase in DRP1 promoter methylation that decreased the transcriptional level of DRP1. Notably, we illustrated that the m6A reader YTHDC1 plays an important role in m6A-modified FENDRR degradation. Additionally, conserved fragment TFO2 of FENDEE overexpression prevented HPH in vivo. Conclusion In summary, our results demonstrated that m6A-induced decay of FENDRR promotes HPAEC pyroptosis by regulating DRP1 promoter methylation and thereby provides a novel potential target for HPH therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-022-00551-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu He
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - June Bai
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Ma
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.,College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.,College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Guan
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiying Li
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangrui Zhu
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Mei
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Dental Medicine-Illinois, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Daling Zhu
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China. .,College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China. .,College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Xinyang Road, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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The Role of N6-Methyladenosine Modification in Microvascular Dysfunction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203193. [PMID: 36291060 PMCID: PMC9600171 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular dysfunction (MVD) has long plagued the medical field despite improvements in its prevention, diagnosis, and intervention. Microvascular lesions from MVD increase with age and further lead to impaired microcirculation, target organ dysfunction, and a mass of microvascular complications, thus contributing to a heavy medical burden and rising disability rates. An up-to-date understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying MVD will facilitate discoveries of more effective therapeutic strategies. Recent advances in epigenetics have revealed that RNA methylation, an epigenetic modification, has a pivotal role in vascular events. The N6-methylation of adenosine (m6A) modification is the most prevalent internal RNA modification in eukaryotic cells, which regulates vascular transcripts through splicing, degradation, translation, as well as translocation, thus maintaining microvascular homeostasis. Conversely, the disruption of the m6A regulatory network will lead to MVD. Herein, we provide a review discussing how m6A methylation interacts with MVD. We also focus on alterations of the m6A regulatory network under pathological conditions. Finally, we highlight the value of m6A regulators as prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets, which might be a promising addition to clinical medicine.
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40
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Liu YY, Zhang WY, Zhang ML, Wang YJ, Ma XY, Jiang JH, Wang R, Zeng DX. DNA-PKcs participated in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Respir Res 2022; 23:246. [PMID: 36114572 PMCID: PMC9479248 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a common complication of chronic lung disease, which severely affects the survival and prognosis of patients. Several recent reports have shown that DNA damage and repair plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) as a part of DNA-PK is a molecular sensor for DNA damage that enhances DSB repair. This study aimed to demonstrate the expression and potential mechanism of DNA-PKcs on the pathogenesis of HPH. METHODS Levels of DNA-PKcs and other proteins in explants of human and rats pulmonary artery from lung tissues and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The mRNA expression levels of DNA-PKcs and NOR1 in PASMCs were quantified with qRT-PCR. Meanwhile, the interaction among proteins were detected by Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays. Cell proliferation and apoptosis was assessed by cell counting kit-8 assay(CCK-8), EdU incorporation and flow cytometry. Rat models of HPH were constructed to verify the role of DNA-PKcs in pulmonary vascular remodeling in vivo. RESULTS DNA-PKcs protein levels were both significantly up-regulated in explants of pulmonary artery from HPH models and lung tissues of patients with hypoxemia. In human PASMCs, hypoxia up-regulated DNA-PKcs in a time-dependent manner. Downregulation of DNA-PKcs by targeted siRNA or small-molecule inhibitor NU7026 both induced cell proliferation inhibition and cell cycle arrest. DNA-PKcs affected proliferation by regulating NOR1 protein synthesis followed by the expression of cyclin D1. Co-immunoprecipitation of NOR1 with DNA-PKcs was severely increased in hypoxia. Meanwhile, hypoxia promoted G2 + S phase, whereas the down-regulation of DNA-PKcs and NOR1 attenuated the effects of hypoxia. In vivo, inhibition of DNA-PKcs reverses hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling and prevented HPH. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated the potential mechanism of DNA-PKcs in the development of HPH. It might provide insights into new therapeutic targets for pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Changshu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Yun Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Lan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ji Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Yan Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jung-Hong Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Da-Xiong Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
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Integrating epigenetics and metabolomics to advance treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115245. [PMID: 36096239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating vascular disease with multiple etiologies. Emerging evidence supports a fundamental role for epigenetic machinery and metabolism in the initiation and progression of PAH. Here, we summarize emerging epigenetic mechanisms that have been identified as contributors to PAH evolution, specifically, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs. Furthermore, the interplay between epigenetics with metabolism is explored while new crosstalk targets to be investigated in PAH are proposed that highlight multi-omics strategies including integrated epigenomics and metabolomics. Therapeutic opportunities and challenges associated with epigenetics and metabolomics in PAH are examined, highlighting the role that epigenetics and metabolomics have in facilitating early detection, personalized dietary plans, and advanced drug therapy for PAH.
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Liu X, Zhang L, Zhang W. Metabolic reprogramming: A novel metabolic model for pulmonary hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:957524. [PMID: 36093148 PMCID: PMC9458918 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.957524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension, or PAH, is a condition that is characterized by pulmonary artery pressures above 20 mmHg (at rest). In the treatment of PAH, the pulmonary vascular system is regulated to ensure a diastolic and contraction balance; nevertheless, this treatment does not prevent or reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling and still causes pulmonary hypertension to progress. According to Warburg, the link between metabolism and proliferation in PAH is similar to that of cancer, with a common aerobic glycolytic phenotype. By activating HIF, aerobic glycolysis is enhanced and cell proliferation is triggered. Aside from glutamine metabolism, the Randle cycle is also present in PAH. Enhanced glutamine metabolism replenishes carbon intermediates used by glycolysis and provides energy to over-proliferating and anti-apoptotic pulmonary vascular cells. By activating the Randle cycle, aerobic oxidation is enhanced, ATP is increased, and myocardial injury is reduced. PAH is predisposed by epigenetic dysregulation of DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and microRNA. This article discusses the abnormal metabolism of PAH and how metabolic therapy can be used to combat remodeling.
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HMGB1 Upregulates RAGE to Trigger the Expression of Inflammatory Factors in the Lung Tissue in a Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension Rat Model. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6823743. [PMID: 35903436 PMCID: PMC9325572 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6823743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH), a form of pulmonary hypertension (PH) caused by hypoxia, could cause serious complications and has a high mortality rate, and no clinically effective treatments are currently available. In this study, we established an HPH preclinical model in rats by simulating clinicopathological indicators of the disease. Our results showed that high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) aggravated the clinical symptoms of HPH. We aimed at establishing protocols and ideas for the clinical treatment of HPH by identifying downstream HMGB1 binding receptors. Our investigation showed that continuous hypoxia could cause significant lung injury in rats. ELISA and western blotting experiments revealed that HPH induces inflammation in the lung tissue and increases the expression of a hypoxia-inducible factor. Testing of lung tissue proteins in vivo and in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells in vitro revealed that the HMGB1-mediated increase in the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expression promoted inflammation. In summary, we successfully established an HPH rat model providing a new model for preclinical HPH research and elucidated the role of HMGB1 in HPH. Furthermore, we describe that HMGB1 induced inflammation in the HPH model via RAGE, causing severe lung dysfunction. This study could potentially provide novel ideas and methods for the clinical treatment of HPH.
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Cai H, Fan S, Cai L, Zhu L, Zhao Z, Li Y, Yao Y, Huang X, Wang L. Dihydroartemisinin Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Through the ELAVL2/miR-503/PI3K/AKT Axis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:95-109. [PMID: 35512032 PMCID: PMC9249076 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is an active form of artemisinin extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Artemisia annua , which is used to treat malaria. Previous studies have shown that DHA has a therapeutic effect on pulmonary hypertension (PH), but its specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study, a hypoxia-induced PH mouse model was established and DHA was administered as a therapeutic intervention. We measured hemodynamics and right ventricular hypertrophy and observed hematoxylin and eosin staining of lung tissue sections, proving the therapeutic effect of DHA on PH. Furthermore, cell counting kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) cell proliferation assay kit were performed to examine cell proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells cultured in hypoxia or in normoxia. Transwell migration chamber assay was performed to examine cell migration of the same cell model. Consistent with the therapeutic effect in vivo, DHA inhibited hypoxia-induced cell proliferation and migration. Through high-throughput sequencing of mouse lung tissue, we screened embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like 2 (ELAVL2) as a key RNA binding protein in PH. Mechanistically, DHA inhibited the proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by promoting the expression of ELAVL2 and regulating the miR-503/PI3K/AKT pathway. The binding relationship between ELAVL2 and pre-miR-503 was verified by RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assay. In conclusion, we first propose that DHA alleviates PH through the ELAVL2/miR-503/PI3K/AKT pathway, which may provide a basis for new therapeutic strategies of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Cai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; and
| | - Shiqian Fan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; and
- Yiwu Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University (Yiwu Municipal Central Hospital), Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luqiong Cai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; and
| | - Lin Zhu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; and
| | - Zhucheng Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; and
| | - Yaozhe Li
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; and
| | - Yizhu Yao
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; and
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; and
| | - Liangxing Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; and
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45
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Zhou J. Synemin promotes pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch in shunt-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:3221-3231. [PMID: 35769011 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Although considerable progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart disease-associated pulmonary heart hypertension (CHD-PAH), the clinical prognosis and overall survival of patients with CHD-PAH remain poor. Therefore, the molecular pathogenesis of CHD-PAH requires further investigation. The intermediate filament protein synemin (SYN) is reported to modulate phenotypic alterations and varicose vein development, but there is little understanding of its exact functions in CHD-PAH. METHODS AND RESULTS SYN expression in the pulmonary arterioles of CHD-PAH patients and shunt-induced PAH rat models was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and western blot. Cell counts and Transwell migration assays were used to assess the effect of SYN on the proliferation and migration capability of human pulmonary smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs). Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have been used to suppress SYN expression in the pulmonary arterioles of rats. Such rats were further used to construct a shunt-induced PAH animal model to investigate the function of SYN in PAH and pulmonary vascular remodelling. Compared with the normal control group, SYN expression was found to be clearly up-regulated in the remodelled pulmonary arterioles of CHD-PAH and shunt-induced PAH rat models. In addition, SYN suppression increased the expression of hPASMC contractile-phenotype markers and decreased the expression of synthetic phenotype markers, in contrast to the control group. SYN suppression also dramatically attenuated the proliferation and migration capability of hPASMCs. Conversely, SYN overexpression promoted phenotypic switch, proliferation, and migration of hPASMCs, whereas these effects were notably alleviated by the protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitor MK-2206. Furthermore, we confirmed that SYN suppression mitigated PAH and pulmonary vascular remodelling induced by high blood flow in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that SYN may represent a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of CHD-PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Fetal Heart Disease & Echocardiography Department, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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46
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Inhibition of IP 3R3 attenuates endothelial to mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-β1 through restoring mitochondrial function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 619:144-150. [PMID: 35760011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) release calcium ions from the endoplasmic reticulum to regulate permeability and migration of endothelial, thereby affecting PAH. In this study, We determined the expression level of IP3R3 and its position in lung tissue from PAH rat models, and stud the effect of IP3R3 on endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and mitochondrial function of endothelial cells treated with TGF-β1. We observed that IP3R3 was significantly overexpressed in the lung tissues from PAH rat models. Inhibition of IP3R3 reduced EndMT markers, cell migration, ROS production, Ca2+ levels, increased mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, III, and V activities. These results suggest that the inhibition of IP3R3 attenuated EndMT and migration induced by TGF-β1 via restoring of mitochondrial functions, thereby suggesting a novel therapeutic opportunity for PAH.
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47
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Zhang X, Xu P, Lin B, Deng X, Zhu J, Chen X, Liu S, Li R, Wang N, Chen L. Chimonanthus salicifolius attenuated vascular remodeling by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:6293-6305. [PMID: 35611700 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04381a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chimonanthus salicifolius (CS), the leaves of Chimonanthus salicifolius S. Y. Hu., is an effective tea to prevent and treat hypertension in China. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of CS in the protection against vascular remodeling in hypertension. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were orally administered with aqueous extracts of CS for 6 months. The blood pressure and morphological changes of the aorta were measured. Their mechanisms were studied by combining chemical identification, network pharmacology analysis and validation in vivo. Hypertensive rats showed an impaired vascular structure and dyslipidemia as illustrated by the increase of the vascular media thickness and collagen deposition in the aorta. CS treatment exhibited significant beneficial effects on blood pressure control and aortal morphology. A total of 21 compounds from CS were identified, which were linked to 106 corresponding targeted genes for vascular remodeling. The network pharmacology predicted that CS prevented vascular remodeling through the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. The in vivo experiments further showed that CS treatment upregulated Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 and downregulated CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein at both mRNA and protein levels, paralleling reduced apoptotic cells in the arterial wall. Additionally, CS diminished the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, total cholesterol contents and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios in the sera of SHRs, which might also contribute to its protection of vessels. Collectively, CS protects against vascular modeling by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis in hypertension, and it could be a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of vascular modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Lishui hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China.
| | - Pingcui Xu
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China.
| | - Bingfeng Lin
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China.
| | - Xuehui Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China.
| | - Jiazhen Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China.
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Lishui hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China.
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Lishui hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Lishui hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China.
| | - Nani Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China.
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Lishui hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China.
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48
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Azhdari MH, Goodarzi N, Doroudian M, MacLoughlin R. Molecular Insight into the Therapeutic Effects of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Respiratory Diseases and the Potential for Pulmonary Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116273. [PMID: 35682948 PMCID: PMC9181737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are the cause of millions of deaths annually around the world. Despite the recent growth of our understanding of underlying mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of lung diseases, most therapeutic approaches are still limited to symptomatic treatments and therapies that only delay disease progression. Several clinical and preclinical studies have suggested stem cell (SC) therapy as a promising approach for treating various lung diseases. However, challenges such as the potential tumorigenicity, the low survival rate of the SCs in the recipient body, and difficulties in cell culturing and storage have limited the applicability of SC therapy. SC-derived extracellular vesicles (SC-EVs), particularly SC-derived exosomes (SC-Exos), exhibit most therapeutic properties of stem cells without their potential drawbacks. Similar to SCs, SC-Exos exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties with the potential to be employed in the treatment of various inflammatory and chronic respiratory diseases. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that the microRNA (miRNA) content of SC-Exos may play a crucial role in the therapeutic potential of these exosomes. Several studies have investigated the administration of SC-Exos via the pulmonary route, and techniques for SCs and SC-Exos delivery to the lungs by intratracheal instillation or inhalation have been developed. Here, we review the literature discussing the therapeutic effects of SC-Exos against respiratory diseases and advances in the pulmonary route of delivery of these exosomes to the damaged tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H. Azhdari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran; (M.H.A.); (N.G.)
| | - Nima Goodarzi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran; (M.H.A.); (N.G.)
| | - Mohammad Doroudian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran; (M.H.A.); (N.G.)
- Correspondence: author: (M.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Limited, IDA Business Park, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: author: (M.D.); (R.M.)
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Magnolol alleviates hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling through inhibition of phenotypic transformation in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113060. [PMID: 35658230 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic transformation and excessive proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) play an important role in vascular remodeling during pulmonary hypertension (PH). Magnolol (5,5'-diallyl-2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl) is the major bioactive constituent isolated from the bark of Magnolia Officinalis, which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardiovascular protection effects. However, the effect of magnolol on the phenotypic transformation of PASMCs is still unknown. This study aims to evaluate the effects of magnolol on the phenotypic transformation of PASMCs induced by hypoxia. In vivo, Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to hypoxia (10% O2) for four weeks to establish a PH model. The results showed that hypoxia treatment led to an increase in right ventricle systolic pressure, Fulton index, collagen production, accompanied by upregulation in the expression of collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ, OPN, PCNA, CyclinD1, p-JAK2, and p-STAT3, as well as decreases in expression of SM-22α; these changes were attenuated by magnolol. In vitro, the primary cultured PASMCs were exposed to 3% O2 for 48 h to induce phenotypic transformation. Consistent with the findings in vivo, magnolol treatment could prevent the phenotypic transformation and hyperproliferation of PASMCs induced by hypoxia, accompanied by downregulation in the expression of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3. In summary, this study demonstrated that the protective effect of magnolol on PH vascular remodeling is related to the inhibition of phenotypic transformation and hyperproliferation of PASMCs by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Omega-3 fatty acid epoxides produced by PAF-AH2 in mast cells regulate pulmonary vascular remodeling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3013. [PMID: 35641514 PMCID: PMC9156667 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a fatal rare disease that causes right heart failure by elevated pulmonary arterial resistance. There is an unmet medical need for the development of therapeutics focusing on the pulmonary vascular remodeling. Bioactive lipids produced by perivascular inflammatory cells might modulate the vascular remodeling. Here, we show that ω-3 fatty acid-derived epoxides (ω-3 epoxides) released from mast cells by PAF-AH2, an oxidized phospholipid-selective phospholipase A2, negatively regulate pulmonary hypertension. Genetic deletion of Pafah2 in mice accelerate vascular remodeling, resulting in exacerbation of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Treatment with ω-3 epoxides suppresses the lung fibroblast activation by inhibiting TGF-β signaling. In vivo ω-3 epoxides supplementation attenuates the progression of pulmonary hypertension in several animal models. Furthermore, whole-exome sequencing for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension identifies two candidate pathogenic variants of Pafah2. Our findings support that the PAF-AH2-ω-3 epoxide production axis could be a promising therapeutic target for pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension is a fatal disease that causes right heart failure due to pulmonary artery stenosis. Here, the authors find that ω-3 epoxides produced by the phospholipase PAF-AH2 in mast cells regulate pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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