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Yang L, Jiang Z, Yang L, Zheng W, Chen Y, Qu F, Crabbe MJC, Zhang Y, Andersen ME, Zheng Y, Qu W. Disinfection Byproducts of Haloacetaldehydes Disrupt Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Induce Lipotoxicity in High-Fat Culture Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38953388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c11009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyles, obesity, and environmental pollutants are strongly correlated with the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Haloacetaldehyde-associated disinfection byproducts (HAL-DBPs) at various multiples of concentrations found in finished drinking water together with high-fat (HF) were examined to gauge their mixed effects on hepatic lipid metabolism. Using new alternative methods (NAMs), studying effects in human cells in vitro for risk assessment, we investigated the combined effects of HF and HAL-DBPs on hepatic lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity in immortalized LO-2 human hepatocytes. Coexposure of HAL-DBPs at various multiples of environmental exposure levels with HF increased the levels of triglycerides, interfered with de novo lipogenesis, enhanced fatty acid oxidation, and inhibited the secretion of very low-density lipoproteins. Lipid accumulation caused by the coexposure of HAL-DBPs and HF also resulted in more severe lipotoxicity in these cells. Our results using an in vitro NAM-based method provide novel insights into metabolic reprogramming in hepatocytes due to coexposure of HF and HAL-DBPs and strongly suggest that the risk of NAFLD in sensitive populations due to HAL-DBPs and poor lifestyle deserves further investigation both with laboratory and epidemiological tools. We also discuss how results from our studies could be used in health risk assessments for HAL-DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei Qu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - M James C Crabbe
- Wolfson College, Oxford University, Oxford OX2 6UD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science & Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, U.K
| | - Yubin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Melvin E Andersen
- ScitoVation, LLC, 6 Davis Drive, Suite 146, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27713, United States
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Weidong Qu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Kaur P, Nazeer N, Gurjar V, Tiwari R, Mishra PK. Nanophotonic waveguide-based sensing of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA: implications for personalized medicine. Drug Discov Today 2024:104086. [PMID: 38960132 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) has emerged as a promising biomarker, with potential implications for disease diagnosis. Changes in mtDNA, such as deletions, mutations or variations in the number of copies, have been associated with mitochondrial disorders, heart diseases, cancer and age-related non-communicable diseases. Previous methods, such as polymerase chain reaction-based approaches, next-generation sequencing and imaging-based techniques, have shown improved accuracy in identifying rare mtDNA variants or mutations, but they have limitations. This article explains the basic principles and benefits of using planar optical waveguide-based detection devices, which represent an advanced approach in the field of sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasan Kaur
- Division of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, India
| | - Nazim Nazeer
- Division of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, India
| | - Vikas Gurjar
- Division of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, India
| | - Rajnarayan Tiwari
- Division of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, India
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
- Division of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, India.
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3
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Vue Z, Prasad P, Le H, Neikirk K, Harris C, Garza-Lopez E, Wang E, Murphy A, Jenkins B, Vang L, Scudese E, Shao B, Kadam A, Shao J, Marshall AG, Crabtree A, Kirk B, Koh A, Wilson G, Oliver A, Rodman T, Kabugi K, Koh HJ, Smith Q, Zaganjor E, Wanjalla CN, Dash C, Evans C, Phillips MA, Hubert D, Ajijola O, Whiteside A, Do Koo Y, Kinder A, Demirci M, Albritton CF, Wandira N, Jamison S, Ahmed T, Saleem M, Tomar D, Williams CR, Sweetwyne MT, Murray SA, Cooper A, Kirabo A, Jadiya P, Quintana A, Katti P, Fu Dai D, McReynolds MR, Hinton A. The MICOS Complex Regulates Mitochondrial Structure and Oxidative Stress During Age-Dependent Structural Deficits in the Kidney. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.09.598108. [PMID: 38915644 PMCID: PMC11195114 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.09.598108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The kidney filters nutrient waste and bodily fluids from the bloodstream, in addition to secondary functions of metabolism and hormone secretion, requiring an astonishing amount of energy to maintain its functions. In kidney cells, mitochondria produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and help maintain kidney function. Due to aging, the efficiency of kidney functions begins to decrease. Dysfunction in mitochondria and cristae, the inner folds of mitochondria, is a hallmark of aging. Therefore, age-related kidney function decline could be due to changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and subsequent alterations in metabolism and lipid composition. We sought to understand if there is altered mitochondrial ultrastructure, as marked by 3D morphological changes, across time in tubular kidney cells. Serial block facing-scanning electron microscope (SBF-SEM) and manual segmentation using the Amira software were used to visualize murine kidney samples during the aging process at 3 months (young) and 2 years (old). We found that 2-year mitochondria are more fragmented, compared to the 3-month, with many uniquely shaped mitochondria observed across aging, concomitant with shifts in ROS, metabolomics, and lipid homeostasis. Furthermore, we show that the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex is impaired in the kidney due to aging. Disruption of the MICOS complex shows altered mitochondrial calcium uptake and calcium retention capacity, as well as generation of oxidative stress. We found significant, detrimental structural changes to aged kidney tubule mitochondria suggesting a potential mechanism underlying why kidney diseases occur more readily with age. We hypothesize that disruption in the MICOS complex further exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction, creating a vicious cycle of mitochondrial degradation and oxidative stress, thus impacting kidney health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Praveena Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Han Le
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Chanel Harris
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Edgar Garza-Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Eric Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Alexandria Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Brenita Jenkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Jianqiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Andrea G. Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Benjamin Kirk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Alice Koh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Genesis Wilson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ashton Oliver
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Taylor Rodman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kinuthia Kabugi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ho-Jin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Quinton Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Elma Zaganjor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Chandravanu Dash
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Chantell Evans
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Mark A. Phillips
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - David Hubert
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Olujimi Ajijola
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Whiteside
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435 USA
| | - Young Do Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - André Kinder
- Artur Sá Earp Neto University Center - UNIFASE-FMP, Petrópolis Medical School, Brazil
| | - Mert Demirci
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Claude F. Albritton
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208-3501, USA
| | - Nelson Wandira
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Sydney Jamison
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Taseer Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Clintoria R. Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435 USA
| | - Mariya T. Sweetwyne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sandra A. Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Anthonya Cooper
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Anita Quintana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, AP, 517619, India
| | - Dao Fu Dai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melanie R. McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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4
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Zunica ERM, Axelrod CL, Gilmore LA, Gnaiger E, Kirwan JP. The bioenergetic landscape of cancer. Mol Metab 2024; 86:101966. [PMID: 38876266 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioenergetic remodeling of core energy metabolism is essential to the initiation, survival, and progression of cancer cells through exergonic supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and metabolic intermediates, as well as control of redox homeostasis. Mitochondria are evolutionarily conserved organelles that mediate cell survival by conferring energetic plasticity and adaptive potential. Mitochondrial ATP synthesis is coupled to the oxidation of a variety of substrates generated through diverse metabolic pathways. As such, inhibition of the mitochondrial bioenergetic system by restricting metabolite availability, direct inhibition of the respiratory Complexes, altering organelle structure, or coupling efficiency may restrict carcinogenic potential and cancer progression. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here, we review the role of bioenergetics as the principal conductor of energetic functions and carcinogenesis while highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial functions. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial bioenergetics significantly contribute to cancer initiation and survival. As a result, therapies designed to limit oxidative efficiency may reduce tumor burden and enhance the efficacy of currently available antineoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R M Zunica
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Christopher L Axelrod
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - L Anne Gilmore
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | | | - John P Kirwan
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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5
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Jenkins BC, Neikirk K, Katti P, Claypool SM, Kirabo A, McReynolds MR, Hinton A. Mitochondria in disease: changes in shapes and dynamics. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:346-360. [PMID: 38402097 PMCID: PMC10997448 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial structure often determines the function of these highly dynamic, multifunctional, eukaryotic organelles, which are essential for maintaining cellular health. The dynamic nature of mitochondria is apparent in descriptions of different mitochondrial shapes [e.g., donuts, megamitochondria (MGs), and nanotunnels] and crista dynamics. This review explores the significance of dynamic alterations in mitochondrial morphology and regulators of mitochondrial and cristae shape. We focus on studies across tissue types and also describe new microscopy techniques for detecting mitochondrial morphologies both in vivo and in vitro that can improve understanding of mitochondrial structure. We highlight the potential therapeutic benefits of regulating mitochondrial morphology and discuss prospective avenues to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics to manage diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenita C Jenkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Melanie R McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA.
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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6
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Kim Y, Parry HA, Willingham TB, Alspaugh G, Lindberg E, Combs CA, Knutson JR, Bleck CKE, Glancy B. Reorganization of mitochondria-organelle interactions during postnatal development in skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2024; 602:891-912. [PMID: 38429930 PMCID: PMC10939894 DOI: 10.1113/jp285014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle cellular development requires the integrated assembly of mitochondria and other organelles adjacent to the sarcomere in support of muscle contractile performance. However, it remains unclear how interactions among organelles and with the sarcomere relates to the development of muscle cell function. Here, we combine 3D volume electron microscopy, proteomic analyses, and live cell functional imaging to investigate the postnatal reorganization of mitochondria-organelle interactions in skeletal muscle. We show that while mitochondrial networks are disorganized and loosely associated with the contractile apparatus at birth, contact sites among mitochondria, lipid droplets and the sarcoplasmic reticulum are highly abundant in neonatal muscles. The maturation process is characterized by a transition to highly organized mitochondrial networks wrapped tightly around the muscle sarcomere but also to less frequent interactions with both lipid droplets and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Concomitantly, expression of proteins involved in mitochondria-organelle membrane contact sites decreases during postnatal development in tandem with a decrease in abundance of proteins associated with sarcomere assembly despite an overall increase in contractile protein abundance. Functionally, parallel measures of mitochondrial membrane potential, NADH redox status, and NADH flux within intact cells revealed that mitochondria in adult skeletal muscle fibres maintain a more activated electron transport chain compared with neonatal muscle mitochondria. These data demonstrate a developmental redesign reflecting a shift from muscle cell assembly and frequent inter-organelle communication toward a muscle fibre with mitochondrial structure, interactions, composition and function specialized to support contractile function. KEY POINTS: Mitochondrial network organization is remodelled during skeletal muscle postnatal development. The mitochondrial outer membrane is in frequent contact with other organelles at birth and transitions to more close associations with the contractile apparatus in mature muscles. Mitochondrial energy metabolism becomes more activated during postnatal development. Understanding the developmental redesign process within skeletal muscle cells may help pinpoint specific areas of deficit in muscles with developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuho Kim
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Hailey A. Parry
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - T. Bradley Willingham
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Greg Alspaugh
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eric Lindberg
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christian A. Combs
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jay R. Knutson
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher K. E. Bleck
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian Glancy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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7
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Kang SWS, Cunningham RP, Miller CB, Brown LA, Cultraro CM, Harned A, Narayan K, Hernandez J, Jenkins LM, Lobanov A, Cam M, Porat-Shliom N. A spatial map of hepatic mitochondria uncovers functional heterogeneity shaped by nutrient-sensing signaling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1799. [PMID: 38418824 PMCID: PMC10902380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In the liver, mitochondria are exposed to different concentrations of nutrients due to their spatial positioning across the periportal and pericentral axis. How the mitochondria sense and integrate these signals to respond and maintain homeostasis is not known. Here, we combine intravital microscopy, spatial proteomics, and functional assessment to investigate mitochondrial heterogeneity in the context of liver zonation. We find that periportal and pericentral mitochondria are morphologically and functionally distinct; beta-oxidation is elevated in periportal regions, while lipid synthesis is predominant in the pericentral mitochondria. In addition, comparative phosphoproteomics reveals spatially distinct patterns of mitochondrial composition and potential regulation via phosphorylation. Acute pharmacological modulation of nutrient sensing through AMPK and mTOR shifts mitochondrial phenotypes in the periportal and pericentral regions, linking nutrient gradients across the lobule and mitochondrial heterogeneity. This study highlights the role of protein phosphorylation in mitochondrial structure, function, and overall homeostasis in hepatic metabolic zonation. These findings have important implications for liver physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Woo Sophie Kang
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rory P Cunningham
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Colin B Miller
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lauryn A Brown
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constance M Cultraro
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam Harned
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Programs, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kedar Narayan
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Programs, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Hernandez
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa M Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexei Lobanov
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR) National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maggie Cam
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR) National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalie Porat-Shliom
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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8
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Neikirk K, Stephens DC, Beasley HK, Marshall AG, Gaddy JA, Damo SM, Hinton A. Is space the final frontier for mitochondrial study? Biotechniques 2024; 76:46-51. [PMID: 38084381 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2023-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Tweetable abstract This perspective considers several avenues for future research on mitochondrial dynamics, stress, and DNA in outer space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dominique C Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Life & Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life & Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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9
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Crabtree A, Neikirk K, Marshall AG, Vang L, Whiteside AJ, Williams Q, Altamura CT, Owens TC, Stephens D, Shao B, Koh A, Killion M, Lopez EG, Lam J, Rodriguez B, Mungai M, Stanley J, Dean ED, Koh HJ, Gaddy JA, Scudese E, Sweetwyne MT, Davis J, Zaganjor E, Murray SA, Katti P, Damo SM, Vue Z, Hinton A. Defining Mitochondrial Cristae Morphology Changes Induced by Aging in Brown Adipose Tissue. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300186. [PMID: 37607124 PMCID: PMC10869235 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are required for energy production and even give brown adipose tissue (BAT) its characteristic color due to their high iron content and abundance. The physiological function and bioenergetic capacity of mitochondria are connected to the structure, folding, and organization of its inner-membrane cristae. During the aging process, mitochondrial dysfunction is observed, and the regulatory balance of mitochondrial dynamics is often disrupted, leading to increased mitochondrial fragmentation in aging cells. Therefore, it is hypothesized that significant morphological changes in BAT mitochondria and cristae will be present with aging. A quantitative 3D electron microscopy approach is developed to map cristae network organization in mouse BAT to test this hypothesis. Using this methodology, the 3D morphology of mitochondrial cristae is investigated in adult (3-month) and aged (2-year) murine BAT tissue via serial block face-scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) and 3D reconstruction software for manual segmentation, analysis, and quantification. Upon investigation, an increase is found in mitochondrial volume, surface area, and complexity and decreased sphericity in aged BAT, alongside significant decreases in cristae volume, area, perimeter, and score. Overall, these data define the nature of the mitochondrial structure in murine BAT across aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Aaron J Whiteside
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Qiana Williams
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Christopher T Altamura
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Trinity Celeste Owens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Dominique Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alice Koh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Mason Killion
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Edgar Garza Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jacob Lam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ben Rodriguez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jade Stanley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - E Danielle Dean
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ho-Jin Koh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, USA
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Laboratory of Biosciences of Human Motricity (LABIMH), Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, 22290-240, Brazil
- Sport Sciences and Exercise Laboratory (LaCEE), Catholic University of Petrópolis (UCP), Rio de Janeiro, 22290-240, Brazil
| | - Mariya T Sweetwyne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jamaine Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Elma Zaganjor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sandra A Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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10
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Li H, Zhou L, Zhou W, Zhang X, Shang J, Feng X, Yu L, Fan J, Ren J, Zhang R, Duan X. Decoding the mitochondrial connection: development and validation of biomarkers for classifying and treating systemic lupus erythematosus through bioinformatics and machine learning. BMC Rheumatol 2023; 7:44. [PMID: 38044432 PMCID: PMC10694981 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-023-00369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifaceted autoimmune disease characterized by clinical and pathological diversity. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a critical pathogenetic factor in SLE. However, the specific molecular aspects and regulatory roles of this dysfunction in SLE are not fully understood. Our study aims to explore the molecular characteristics of mitochondria-related genes (MRGs) in SLE, with a focus on identifying reliable biomarkers for classification and therapeutic purposes. METHODS We sourced six SLE-related microarray datasets (GSE61635, GSE50772, GSE30153, GSE99967, GSE81622, and GSE49454) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Three of these datasets (GSE61635, GSE50772, GSE30153) were integrated into a training set for differential analysis. The intersection of differentially expressed genes with MRGs yielded a set of differentially expressed MRGs (DE-MRGs). We employed machine learning algorithms-random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression-to select key hub genes. These genes' classifying potential was validated in the training set and three other validation sets (GSE99967, GSE81622, and GSE49454). Further analyses included differential expression, co-expression, protein-protein interaction (PPI), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and immune infiltration, centered on these hub genes. We also constructed TF-mRNA, miRNA-mRNA, and drug-target networks based on these hub genes using the ChEA3, miRcode, and PubChem databases. RESULTS Our investigation identified 761 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), mainly related to viral infection, inflammatory, and immune-related signaling pathways. The interaction between these DEGs and MRGs led to the identification of 27 distinct DE-MRGs. Key among these were FAM210B, MSRB2, LYRM7, IFI27, and SCO2, designated as hub genes through machine learning analysis. Their significant role in SLE classification was confirmed in both the training and validation sets. Additional analyses included differential expression, co-expression, PPI, GSEA, immune infiltration, and the construction of TF-mRNA, miRNA-mRNA, and drug-target networks. CONCLUSIONS This research represents a novel exploration into the MRGs of SLE, identifying FAM210B, MSRB2, LYRM7, IFI27, and SCO2 as significant candidates for classifying and therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoguang Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Xiuling Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Jingjing Shang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Xueqin Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Rongwei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Xinwang Duan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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11
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Neikirk K, Lopez EG, Marshall AG, Alghanem A, Krystofiak E, Kula B, Smith N, Shao J, Katti P, Hinton A. Call to action to properly utilize electron microscopy to measure organelles to monitor disease. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151365. [PMID: 37864884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the current methods for quantifying mitochondrial ultrastructure, including cristae morphology, mitochondrial contact sites, and recycling machinery and a guide to utilizing electron microscopy to effectively measure these organelles. Quantitative analysis of mitochondrial ultrastructure is essential for understanding mitochondrial biology and developing therapeutic strategies for mitochondrial-related diseases. Techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and serial block face-scanning electron microscopy, as well as how they can be combined with other techniques including confocal microscopy, super-resolution microscopy, and correlative light and electron microscopy are discussed. Beyond their limitations and challenges, we also offer specific magnifications that may be best suited for TEM analysis of mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum, and recycling machinery. Finally, perspectives on future quantification methods are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Edgar-Garza Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ahmad Alghanem
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ali Al Arini, Ar Rimayah, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Evan Krystofiak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bartosz Kula
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester 14642, USA
| | - Nathan Smith
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester 14642, USA
| | - Jianqiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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12
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Kang SWS, Cunningham RP, Miller CB, Brown LA, Cultraro CM, Harned A, Narayan K, Hernandez J, Jenkins LM, Lobanov A, Cam M, Porat-Shliom N. A spatial map of hepatic mitochondria uncovers functional heterogeneity shaped by nutrient-sensing signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.13.536717. [PMID: 37333328 PMCID: PMC10274915 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.13.536717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
In the liver, mitochondria are exposed to different concentrations of nutrients due to their spatial positioning across the periportal (PP) and pericentral (PC) axis. How these mitochondria sense and integrate these signals to respond and maintain homeostasis is not known. Here, we combined intravital microscopy, spatial proteomics, and functional assessment to investigate mitochondrial heterogeneity in the context of liver zonation. We found that PP and PC mitochondria are morphologically and functionally distinct; beta-oxidation was elevated in PP regions, while lipid synthesis was predominant in the PC mitochondria. In addition, comparative phosphoproteomics revealed spatially distinct patterns of mitochondrial composition and potential regulation via phosphorylation. Acute pharmacological modulation of nutrient sensing through AMPK and mTOR shifted mitochondrial phenotypes in the PP and PC regions, linking nutrient gradients across the lobule and mitochondrial heterogeneity. This study highlights the role of protein phosphorylation in mitochondrial structure, function, and overall homeostasis in hepatic metabolic zonation. These findings have important implications for liver physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Woo Sophie Kang
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rory P. Cunningham
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Colin B. Miller
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauryn A. Brown
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Constance M. Cultraro
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam Harned
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Kedar Narayan
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Hernandez
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa M. Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexei Lobanov
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR) National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maggie Cam
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR) National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Natalie Porat-Shliom
- Cell Biology and Imaging Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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13
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Chen H, Peng L, Wang Z, He Y, Zhang X. Integrated Machine Learning and Bioinformatic Analyses Constructed a Network Between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Immune Microenvironment of Periodontitis. Inflammation 2023; 46:1932-1951. [PMID: 37311930 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01851-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent and persistent inflammatory condition that impacts the supporting tissues of the teeth, including the gums and bone. Recent research indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved in the onset and advancement of periodontitis. The current work sought to reveal the interaction between mitochondrial dysfunction and the immune microenvironment in periodontitis. Public data were acquired from MitoCarta 3.0, Mitomap, and GEO databases. Hub markers were screened out by five integrated machine learning algorithms and verified by laboratory experiments. Single-cell sequencing data were utilized to unravel cell-type specific expression levels of hub genes. An artificial neural network model was constructed to discriminate periodontitis from healthy controls. An unsupervised consensus clustering algorithm revealed mitochondrial dysfunction-related periodontitis subtypes. The immune and mitochondrial characteristics were calculated using CIBERSORTx and ssGSEA algorithms. Two hub mitochondria-related markers (CYP24A1 and HINT3) were identified. Single-cell sequencing data revealed that HINT3 was primarily expressed in dendritic cells, while CYP24A1 was mainly expressed in monocytes. The hub genes based artificial neural network model showed robust diagnostic performance. The unsupervised consensus clustering algorithm revealed two distinct mitochondrial phenotypes. The hub genes exhibited a strong correlation with the immune cell infiltration and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. The study identified two hub markers that may serve as potential targets for immunotherapy and provided a novel reference for future investigations into the function of mitochondria in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Limin Peng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenxiang Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujuan He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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14
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Flood D, Lee ES, Taylor CT. Intracellular energy production and distribution in hypoxia. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105103. [PMID: 37507013 PMCID: PMC10480318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydrolysis of ATP is the primary source of metabolic energy for eukaryotic cells. Under physiological conditions, cells generally produce more than sufficient levels of ATP to fuel the active biological processes necessary to maintain homeostasis. However, mechanisms underpinning the distribution of ATP to subcellular microenvironments with high local demand remain poorly understood. Intracellular distribution of ATP in normal physiological conditions has been proposed to rely on passive diffusion across concentration gradients generated by ATP producing systems such as the mitochondria and the glycolytic pathway. However, subcellular microenvironments can develop with ATP deficiency due to increases in local ATP consumption. Alternatively, ATP production can be reduced during bioenergetic stress during hypoxia. Mammalian cells therefore need to have the capacity to alter their metabolism and energy distribution strategies to compensate for local ATP deficits while also controlling ATP production. It is highly likely that satisfying the bioenergetic requirements of the cell involves the regulated distribution of ATP producing systems to areas of high ATP demand within the cell. Recently, the distribution (both spatially and temporally) of ATP-producing systems has become an area of intense investigation. Here, we review what is known (and unknown) about intracellular energy production and distribution and explore potential mechanisms through which this targeted distribution can be altered in hypoxia, with the aim of stimulating investigation in this important, yet poorly understood field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darragh Flood
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eun Sang Lee
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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15
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Panda SP, Singh V. The Dysregulated MAD in Mad: A Neuro-theranostic Approach Through the Induction of Autophagic Biomarkers LC3B-II and ATG. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5214-5236. [PMID: 37273153 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The word mad has historically been associated with the psyche, emotions, and abnormal behavior. Dementia is a common symptom among psychiatric disorders or mad (schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder) patients. Autophagy/mitophagy is a protective mechanism used by cells to get rid of dysfunctional cellular organelles or mitochondria. Autophagosome/mitophagosome abundance in autophagy depends on microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B-II) and autophagy-triggering gene (ATG) which functions as an autophagic biomarker for phagophore production and quick mRNA disintegration. Defects in either LC3B-II or the ATG lead to dysregulated mitophagy-and-autophagy-linked dementia (MAD). The impaired MAD is closely associated with schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder. The pathomechanism of psychosis is not entirely known, which is the severe limitation of today's antipsychotic drugs. However, the reviewed circuit identifies new insights that may be especially helpful in targeting biomarkers of dementia. Neuro-theranostics can also be achieved by manufacturing either bioengineered bacterial and mammalian cells or nanocarriers (liposomes, polymers, and nanogels) loaded with both imaging and therapeutic materials. The nanocarriers must cross the BBB and should release both diagnostic agents and therapeutic agents in a controlled manner to prove their effectiveness against psychiatric disorders. In this review, we highlighted the potential of microRNAs (miRs) as neuro-theranostics in the treatment of dementia by targeting autophagic biomarkers LC3B-II and ATG. Focus was also placed on the potential for neuro-theranostic nanocells/nanocarriers to traverse the BBB and induce action against psychiatric disorders. The neuro-theranostic approach can provide targeted treatment for mental disorders by creating theranostic nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Prasad Panda
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh, Mathura, India.
| | - Vikrant Singh
- Research Scholar, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh, Mathura, India
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16
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Buchanan E, Mahony C, Bam S, Jaffer M, Macleod S, Mangali A, van der Watt M, de Wet S, Theart R, Jacobs C, Loos B, O'Ryan C. Propionic acid induces alterations in mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in SH-SY5Y cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13248. [PMID: 37582965 PMCID: PMC10427685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Propionic acid (PPA) is used to study the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodevelopmental conditions like autism spectrum disorders. PPA is known to disrupt mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolism, and turnover. However, the effect of PPA on mitochondrial dynamics, fission, and fusion remains challenging to study due to the complex temporal nature of these mechanisms. Here, we use complementary quantitative visualization techniques to examine how PPA influences mitochondrial ultrastructure, morphology, and dynamics in neuronal-like SH-SY5Y cells. PPA (5 mM) induced a significant decrease in mitochondrial area (p < 0.01), Feret's diameter and perimeter (p < 0.05), and in area2 (p < 0.01). Mitochondrial event localiser analysis demonstrated a significant increase in fission and fusion events (p < 0.05) that preserved mitochondrial network integrity under stress. Moreover, mRNA expression of cMYC (p < 0.0001), NRF1 (p < 0.01), TFAM (p < 0.05), STOML2 (p < 0.0001), and OPA1 (p < 0.01) was significantly decreased. This illustrates a remodeling of mitochondrial morphology, biogenesis, and dynamics to preserve function under stress. Our data provide new insights into the influence of PPA on mitochondrial dynamics and highlight the utility of visualization techniques to study the complex regulatory mechanisms involved in the mitochondrial stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Buchanan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Caitlyn Mahony
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Sophia Bam
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Mohamed Jaffer
- Electron Microscope Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Sarah Macleod
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Asandile Mangali
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Mignon van der Watt
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Sholto de Wet
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Rensu Theart
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Caron Jacobs
- Department of Pathology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa and IDM Microscopy Platform, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Ben Loos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Colleen O'Ryan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa.
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa.
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17
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Crabtree A, Neikirk K, Marshall AG, Vang L, Whiteside AJ, Williams Q, Altamura CT, Owens TC, Stephens D, Shao B, Koh A, Killion M, Lopez EG, Lam J, Rodriguez B, Mungai M, Stanley J, Dean ED, Koh HJ, Gaddy JA, Scudese E, Sweetwyne M, Davis J, Zaganjor E, Murray SA, Katti P, Damo SM, Vue Z, Hinton A. Defining Mitochondrial Cristae Morphology Changes Induced by Aging in Brown Adipose Tissue. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.12.540609. [PMID: 37577723 PMCID: PMC10418056 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.12.540609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are required for energy production and even give brown adipose tissue (BAT) its characteristic color due to their high iron content and abundance. The physiological function and bioenergetic capacity of mitochondria are connected to the structure, folding, and organization of its inner-membrane cristae. During the aging process, mitochondrial dysfunction is observed, and the regulatory balance of mitochondrial dynamics is often disrupted, leading to increased mitochondrial fragmentation in aging cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that significant morphological changes in BAT mitochondria and cristae would be present with aging. We developed a quantitative three-dimensional (3D) electron microscopy approach to map cristae network organization in mouse BAT to test this hypothesis. Using this methodology, we investigated the 3D morphology of mitochondrial cristae in adult (3-month) and aged (2-year) murine BAT tissue via serial block face-scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) and 3D reconstruction software for manual segmentation, analysis, and quantification. Upon investigation, we found increases in mitochondrial volume, surface area, and complexity and decreased sphericity in aged BAT, alongside significant decreases in cristae volume, area, perimeter, and score. Overall, these data define the nature of the mitochondrial structure in murine BAT across aging. Abstract Figure
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Aaron J Whiteside
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Qiana Williams
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Christopher T Altamura
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Trinity Celeste Owens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Dominique Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alice Koh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Mason Killion
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Edgar Garza Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jacob Lam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ben Rodriguez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jade Stanley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - E Danielle Dean
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ho-Jin Koh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Laboratory of Biosciences of Human Motricity (LABIMH) of the Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Sport Sciences and Exercise Laboratory (LaCEE), Catholic University of Petrópolis (UCP), Brazil
| | - Mariya Sweetwyne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jamaine Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208 USA
| | - Elma Zaganjor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sandra A Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburg h, PA, 15261 USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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18
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Marshall AG, Damo SM, Hinton A. Revisiting focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:585-586. [PMID: 36990957 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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Guo Z, Li Z, Zhang M, Bao M, He B, Zhou X. LncRNA FAS-AS1 upregulated by its genetic variation rs6586163 promotes cell apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through regulating mitochondria function and Fas splicing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8218. [PMID: 37217794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common head and neck malignant with a high incidence in Southern China. Genetic aberrations play a vital role in the pathogenesis, progression and prognosis of NPC. In the present study, we elucidated the underlying mechanism of FAS-AS1 and its genetic variation rs6586163 in NPC. We demonstrated that FAS-AS1 rs6586163 variant genotype carriers were associated with lower risk of NPC (CC vs. AA, OR = 0.645, P = 0.006) and better overall survival (AC + CC vs. AA, HR = 0.667, P = 0.030). Mechanically, rs6586163 increased the transcriptional activity of FAS-AS1 and contributed to ectopic overexpression of FAS-AS1 in NPC. rs6586163 also exhibited an eQTL trait and the genes affected by rs6586163 were enriched in apoptosis related signaling pathway. FAS-AS1 was downregulated in NPC tissues and over-expression of FAS-AS1 was associated with early clinical stage and better short-term treatment efficacy for NPC patients. Overexpression of FAS-AS1 inhibited NPC cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis. GSEA analysis of RNA-seq data suggested FAS-AS1 participate in mitochondria regulation and mRNA alternative splicing. Transmission electron microscopic examination verified that the mitochondria was swelled, the mitochondrial cristae was fragmented or disappeared, and their structures were destroyed in FAS-AS1 overexpressed cells. Furthermore, we identified HSP90AA1, CS, BCL2L1, SOD2 and PPARGC1A as the top 5 hub genes of FAS-AS1 regulated genes involved in mitochondria function. We also proved FAS-AS1 could affect Fas splicing isoform sFas/mFas expression ratio, and apoptotic protein expression, thus leading to increased apoptosis. Our study provided the first evidence that FAS-AS1 and its genetic polymorphism rs6586163 triggered apoptosis in NPC, which might have a potential as new biomarkers for NPC susceptibility and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guo
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, LeiFeng Avenue No.1501, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
| | - ZiBo Li
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, LeiFeng Avenue No.1501, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
| | - MengLing Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
| | - MeiHua Bao
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, LeiFeng Avenue No.1501, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
| | - BinSheng He
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, LeiFeng Avenue No.1501, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoLong Zhou
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, LeiFeng Avenue No.1501, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Wang Y, Wang P, Li C. Fluorescence microscopic platforms imaging mitochondrial abnormalities in neurodegenerative diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114841. [PMID: 37088402 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are progressive disorders that cause the degeneration of neurons. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common symptom in NDs and plays a crucial role in neuronal loss. Mitochondrial abnormalities can be observed in the early stages of NDs and evolve throughout disease progression. Visualizing mitochondrial abnormalities can help understand ND progression and develop new therapeutic strategies. Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool for dynamically imaging mitochondria due to its high sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. This review discusses the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and ND progression, potential biomarkers for imaging dysfunctional mitochondria, advances in fluorescence microscopy for detecting organelles, the performance of fluorescence probes in visualizing ND-associated mitochondria, and the challenges and opportunities for developing new generations of fluorescence imaging platforms for monitoring mitochondria in NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University Shanghai 201203, China.
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21
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Liu W, Zhao X, Wu X. Duhuo Jisheng Decoction suppresses apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in human nucleus pulposus cells by miR-494/SIRT3/mitophagy signal axis. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:177. [PMID: 36890588 PMCID: PMC9996943 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that mitophagy is responsible for the pathogenesis of intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration. Previous studies have shown that Duhuo Jisheng Decoction (DHJSD), a classic Fangji of traditional Chinese medicine, can delay IVD degeneration; however, its specific mechanism of action is unknown. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which DHJSD treatment prevented IVD degeneration in IL-1β-treated human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in vitro. METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8 was performed to explore the effects of DHJSD on the viability of NP cells exposed to IL-1β. The mechanism by which DHJSD delays IVD degeneration was explored using luciferase reporter assay, RT-qPCR, western blotting, TUNEL assay, mitophagy detection assay, Mito-SOX, Mitotracker and in situ hybridization. RESULTS We observed that DHJSD enhanced the viability of NP cells treated with IL-1β in a concentration-time dependent approach. Moreover, DHJSD lessened IL-1β-induced NP apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction and activated mitophagy in NP cells treated with IL-1β. Mitophagy suppressor cyclosporin A reversed the beneficial impacts of DHJSD in NP cells. In addition, the differential expression of miR-494 regulated IL-1β-induced NP apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, and the protective impact of miR-494 on NP cells treated with IL-1β was achieved by mitophagy activation, which was regulated by its target gene, sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). Finally, we observed that DHJSD treatment could effectively delay IL-1β-induced NP apoptosis by affecting the miR-494/SIRT3/mitophagy signal axis. CONCLUSIONS These results show that the miR-494/SIRT3/mitophagy signaling pathway is responsible for the apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction of NP cells and that DHJSD may exert protective effects against IVD degeneration by regulating the miR-494/SIRT3/mitophagy signal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of Burn and Repair Reconstruction Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xuejian Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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22
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Katti P, Ajayi PT, Aponte A, Bleck CKE, Glancy B. Identification of evolutionarily conserved regulators of muscle mitochondrial network organization. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6622. [PMID: 36333356 PMCID: PMC9636386 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial networks provide coordinated energy distribution throughout muscle cells. However, pathways specifying mitochondrial networks are incompletely understood and it is unclear how they might affect contractile fiber-type. Here, we show that natural energetic demands placed on Drosophila melanogaster muscles yield native cell-types among which contractile and mitochondrial network-types are regulated differentially. Proteomic analyses of indirect flight, jump, and leg muscles, together with muscles misexpressing known fiber-type specification factor salm, identified transcription factors H15 and cut as potential mitochondrial network regulators. We demonstrate H15 operates downstream of salm regulating flight muscle contractile and mitochondrial network-type. Conversely, H15 regulates mitochondrial network configuration but not contractile type in jump and leg muscles. Further, we find that cut regulates salm expression in flight muscles and mitochondrial network configuration in leg muscles. These data indicate cell type-specific regulation of muscle mitochondrial network organization through evolutionarily conserved transcription factors cut, salm, and H15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter T Ajayi
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Angel Aponte
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christopher K E Bleck
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Brian Glancy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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23
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Yamada AK, Pimentel GD, Pickering C, Cordeiro AV, Silva VR. Effect of caffeine on mitochondrial biogenesis in the skeletal muscle – A narrative review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Bonjour K, Palazzi C, Silva TP, Malta KK, Neves VH, Oliveira-Barros EG, Neves I, Kersten VA, Fortuna BT, Samarasinghe AE, Weller PF, Bandeira-Melo C, Melo RCN. Mitochondrial Population in Mouse Eosinophils: Ultrastructural Dynamics in Cell Differentiation and Inflammatory Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:836755. [PMID: 35386204 PMCID: PMC8979069 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.836755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles of which ultrastructure is tightly linked to cell physiology. Accumulating evidence shows that mitochondrial remodeling has an impact on immune responses, but our current understanding of the mitochondrial architecture, interactions, and morphological changes in immune cells, mainly in eosinophils, is still poorly known. Here, we applied transmission electron microscopy (TEM), single-cell imaging analysis, and electron tomography, a technique that provides three-dimensional (3D) views at high resolution, to investigate mitochondrial dynamics in mouse eosinophils developing in cultures as well as in the context of inflammatory diseases characterized by recruitment and activation of these cells (mouse models of asthma, H1N1 influenza A virus (IAV) infection, and schistosomiasis mansoni). First, quantitative analyses showed that the mitochondrial area decrease 70% during eosinophil development (from undifferentiated precursor cells to mature eosinophils). Mitophagy, a consistent process revealed by TEM in immature but not in mature eosinophils, is likely operating in mitochondrial clearance during eosinophilopoiesis. Events of mitochondria interaction (inter-organelle membrane contacts) were also detected and quantitated within developing eosinophils and included mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria-mitochondria, and mitochondria-secretory granules, all of them significantly higher in numbers in immature compared to mature cells. Moreover, single-mitochondrion analyses revealed that as the eosinophil matures, mitochondria cristae significantly increase in number and reshape to lamellar morphology. Eosinophils did not change (asthma) or reduced (IAV and Schistosoma infections) their mitochondrial mass in response to inflammatory diseases. However, asthma and schistosomiasis, but not IAV infection, induced amplification of both cristae numbers and volume in individual mitochondria. Mitochondrial cristae remodeling occurred in all inflammatory conditions with the proportions of mitochondria containing only lamellar or tubular, or mixed cristae (an ultrastructural aspect seen just in tissue eosinophils) depending on the tissue/disease microenvironment. The ability of mitochondria to interact with granules, mainly mobilized ones, was remarkably captured by TEM in eosinophils participating in all inflammatory diseases. Altogether, we demonstrate that the processes of eosinophilopoiesis and inflammation-induced activation interfere with the mitochondrial dynamics within mouse eosinophils leading to cristae remodeling and inter-organelle contacts. The understanding of how mitochondrial dynamics contribute to eosinophil immune functions is an open interesting field to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Bonjour
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, ICB, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Palazzi
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, ICB, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Thiago P Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, ICB, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Kássia K Malta
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, ICB, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Vitor H Neves
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, ICB, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Eliane G Oliveira-Barros
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, ICB, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Igor Neves
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, ICB, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Victor A Kersten
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno T Fortuna
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, ICB, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Amali E Samarasinghe
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Peter F Weller
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christianne Bandeira-Melo
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rossana C N Melo
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, ICB, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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25
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Li N, Li Y, Hu J, Wu Y, Yang J, Fan H, Li L, Luo D, Ye Y, Gao Y, Xu H, Hai W, Jiang L. A Link Between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and the Immune Microenvironment of Salivary Glands in Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:845209. [PMID: 35359935 PMCID: PMC8964148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.845209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) is a slowly progressive, inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration into salivary and lacrimal glands. It becomes more recognized that morphology alterations of epithelial mitochondria are involved in altered cellular bioenergetics in pSS patients. The integrated analysis of the mitochondrial role in the pathogenesis and aberrant immune microenvironment in pSS remains unknown. Methods The mitochondria-related genes and gene expression data were downloaded from the MitoMiner, MitoCarta, and NCBI GEO databases. We performed novel transcriptomic analysis and constructed a network between the mitochondrial function and immune microenvironment in pSS-salivary glands by computer-aided algorithms. Subsequently, real-time PCR was performed in clinical samples in order to validate the bioinformatics results. Histological staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were further studied on labial salivary gland samples of non-pSS and pSS patients characterized for mitochondria-related phenotypic observation in the different stages of the disease. Results The bioinformatic analysis revealed that the expression of several mitochondria-related genes was altered in pSS. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that four hub genes, CD38, CMPK2, TBC1D9, and PYCR1, were differentially expressed in the pSS clinical samples. These hub genes were associated with the degree of immune cell infiltration in salivary glands, the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, mitochondrial metabolic pathway in gluconeogenesis, TCA cycle, and pyruvate/ketone/lipid/amino acid metabolism in pSS. Clinical data revealed that the gene expression of fission (Fis1, DRP1, and MFF) and fusion (MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1) was downregulated in pSS samples, consistent with the results from the public validation database. As the disease progressed, cytochrome c and Bcl-2 proteins were regionally distributed in salivary glands from pSS patients. TEM revealed cytoplasmic lipid droplets and progressively swollen mitochondria in salivary epithelial cells. Conclusion Our study revealed cross talk between mitochondrial dysfunction and the immune microenvironment in salivary glands of pSS patients, which may provide important insights into SS clinical management based on modulation of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yusi Li
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yicheng Wu
- Core Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Core Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Fan
- Core Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danyang Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yiming Gao, ; Haimin Xu, ; Wangxi Hai, ; Liting Jiang,
| | - Haimin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yiming Gao, ; Haimin Xu, ; Wangxi Hai, ; Liting Jiang,
| | - Wangxi Hai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yiming Gao, ; Haimin Xu, ; Wangxi Hai, ; Liting Jiang,
| | - Liting Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yiming Gao, ; Haimin Xu, ; Wangxi Hai, ; Liting Jiang,
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26
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Marchiano F, Haering M, Habermann BH. OUP accepted manuscript. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:W490-W499. [PMID: 35524562 PMCID: PMC9252804 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are subcellular organelles present in almost all eukaryotic cells, which play a central role in cellular metabolism. Different tissues, health and age conditions are characterized by a difference in mitochondrial structure and composition. The visual data mining platform mitoXplorer 1.0 was developed to explore the expression dynamics of genes associated with mitochondrial functions that could help explain these differences. It, however, lacked functions aimed at integrating mitochondria in the cellular context and thus identifying regulators that help mitochondria adapt to cellular needs. To fill this gap, we upgraded the mitoXplorer platform to version 2.0 (mitoXplorer 2.0). In this upgrade, we implemented two novel integrative functions, network analysis and transcription factor enrichment, to specifically help identify signalling or transcriptional regulators of mitochondrial processes. In addition, we implemented several other novel functions to allow the platform to go beyond simple data visualization, such as an enrichment function for mitochondrial processes, a function to explore time-series data, the possibility to compare datasets across species and an IDconverter to help facilitate data upload. We demonstrate the usefulness of these functions in three specific use cases. mitoXplorer 2.0 is freely available without login at http://mitoxplorer2.ibdm.univ-mrs.fr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Marchiano
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Margaux Haering
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288, 13009 Marseille, France
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Garza-Lopez E, Vue Z, Katti P, Neikirk K, Biete M, Lam J, Beasley HK, Marshall AG, Rodman TA, Christensen TA, Salisbury JL, Vang L, Mungai M, AshShareef S, Murray SA, Shao J, Streeter J, Glancy B, Pereira RO, Abel ED, Hinton A. Protocols for Generating Surfaces and Measuring 3D Organelle Morphology Using Amira. Cells 2021; 11:65. [PMID: 35011629 PMCID: PMC8750564 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-resolution 3D images of organelles are of paramount importance in cellular biology. Although light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have provided the standard for imaging cellular structures, they cannot provide 3D images. However, recent technological advances such as serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) provide the tools to create 3D images for the ultrastructural analysis of organelles. Here, we describe a standardized protocol using the visualization software, Amira, to quantify organelle morphologies in 3D, thereby providing accurate and reproducible measurements of these cellular substructures. We demonstrate applications of SBF-SEM and Amira to quantify mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Garza-Lopez
- Hinton and Garza Lopez Family Consulting Company, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA;
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (Z.V.); (H.K.B.); (A.G.M.); (T.A.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (P.K.); (B.G.)
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; (K.N.); (M.B.)
| | - Michelle Biete
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; (K.N.); (M.B.)
| | - Jacob Lam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (J.L.); (M.M.); (S.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Heather K. Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (Z.V.); (H.K.B.); (A.G.M.); (T.A.R.); (L.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Andrea G. Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (Z.V.); (H.K.B.); (A.G.M.); (T.A.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Taylor A. Rodman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (Z.V.); (H.K.B.); (A.G.M.); (T.A.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Trace A. Christensen
- Microscopy and Cell Analysis Core Facility, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (T.A.C.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Jeffrey L. Salisbury
- Microscopy and Cell Analysis Core Facility, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (T.A.C.); (J.L.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (Z.V.); (H.K.B.); (A.G.M.); (T.A.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (J.L.); (M.M.); (S.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Salma AshShareef
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (J.L.); (M.M.); (S.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Sandra A. Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 52013, USA;
| | - Jianqiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Jennifer Streeter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (J.L.); (M.M.); (S.A.); (J.S.)
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brian Glancy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (P.K.); (B.G.)
| | - Renata O. Pereira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (J.L.); (M.M.); (S.A.); (J.S.)
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (J.L.); (M.M.); (S.A.); (J.S.)
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Hinton and Garza Lopez Family Consulting Company, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA;
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (Z.V.); (H.K.B.); (A.G.M.); (T.A.R.); (L.V.)
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Energy transfer between the mitochondrial network and lipid droplets in insulin resistant skeletal muscle. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 24:100487. [PMID: 35274067 PMCID: PMC8903156 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria and lipid droplets in the insulin resistant skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic individuals have both been heavily investigated independently and are characterized by more fragmented, dysfunctional mitochondrial networks and larger lipid droplets compared to skeletal muscle of healthy individuals. Specialized contacts between mitochondrial and lipid droplet membranes are known to decrease in diabetic muscle, though it remains unclear how energy transfer at the remaining mitochondria-lipid droplet contact sites may be altered by type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent data on mitochondrial structure and function and lipid droplet dynamics in type 2 diabetic skeletal muscle and to underscore the need for more detailed investigations into the functional nature of mitochondria-lipid droplet interactions in type 2 diabetes.
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Chen S, Che S, Li S, Ruan Z. The combined impact of decabromodiphenyl ether and high fat exposure on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in vivo and in vitro. Toxicology 2021; 464:153015. [PMID: 34757160 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a public health concern. Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and high fat (HF) exposure cause liver injury, yet the combined impact on NAFLD development remains unclear. HepG2 cells were incubated with BDE-209 or/and HF reagent (Csodium oleate/Csodium palmitate = 2/1) for establishing the in vitro model, while C57BL/6 mice fed BDE-209 or/and HF diet (HFD) was the in vivo model. Oil Red O staining and the determination of triglyceride, malondialdehyde, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents proved the elevated lipid accumulation and oxidative stress by the mixture of BDE-209 and HF in HepG2 cells, consistent in C57BL/6 mice. Importantly, the action analysis showed the synergistic effect between BDE-209 and HF, suggesting that the population preferring the HFD is more susceptible to BDE-209 to aggravate the progression of NAFLD. Further, the increased protein expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 was considered to be responsible for hepatic steatosis. The impairment of antioxidant system was reflected by the lower hepatic superoxide dismutase and glutathione transferase activities and reduced glutathione level, explaining the detected excessive ROS production. Besides, using high content analysis, the decline of mitochondrial mass and membrane potential, which was closed to the NAFLD pathogenesis, was also demonstrated in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunni Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Nutrition and Processing, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Siyan Che
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Nutrition and Processing, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Shiqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Nutrition and Processing, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Nutrition and Processing, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China.
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30
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Parry HA, Randall RB, Hyatt HW, Hood WR, Kavazis AN. Short and long-term effect of reproduction on mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy in rats. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08070. [PMID: 34622072 PMCID: PMC8479403 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy by investigating the acute and long-term changes in the liver and skeletal muscle of rats in multiple reproductive stages. A total of 48 rats were used. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 16 per group): nonreproductive females; females that became pregnant, gave birth, but had their pups removed at birth, and thus, did not lactate; and females that experienced pregnancy, gave birth, and were allowed to lactate. Each group was further divided into two-time subgroups (n = 8 per subgroup) and data were collected at a time-point corresponding to 1) peak lactation (day 14 of lactation) in the lactating animals (4 months of age) and 2) 15 weeks after parturition (12 weeks post-weaning in lactating animals; 7 months of age). Levels of several proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics and the autophagy system were measured in the liver and skeletal muscle. Beclin1 protein levels in the liver were higher in non-lactating rats two weeks after parturition, while Beclin1 protein levels were highest in 7-month-old animals that had previously experienced a standard reproductive event that included pregnancy and a full 3 week of lactation. These animals also exhibited higher protein levels of the mitochondrial fusion marker Mfn2 in the liver. In skeletal muscle, we also observed increased protein levels of the mitochondrial fission marker DRP1 in non-lactating animals compared to animals that lactated. In summary, our data provide insightful information on the mechanisms that influence liver and skeletal muscle remodeling in response to the metabolic challenges of reproduction, and lactation in particular. Autophagy remodeling and mitochondrial fusion seem to coincide with liver mass size during the lactation stage of reproduction. Our findings highlight the complex changes that occur in the liver and skeletal muscle during reproduction, and highlights the remarkable plasticity required during this demanding metabolic feat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryleigh B. Randall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Hayden W. Hyatt
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Wendy R. Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Andreas N. Kavazis
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Abstract
The design of the energy metabolism system in striated muscle remains a major area of investigation. Here, we review our current understanding and emerging hypotheses regarding the metabolic support of muscle contraction. Maintenance of ATP free energy, so called energy homeostasis, via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is critical to sustained contractile activity, and this major design criterion is the focus of this review. Cell volume invested in mitochondria reduces the space available for generating contractile force, and this spatial balance between mitochondria acontractile elements to meet the varying sustained power demands across muscle types is another important design criterion. This is accomplished with remarkably similar mass-specific mitochondrial protein composition across muscle types, implying that it is the organization of mitochondria within the muscle cell that is critical to supporting sustained muscle function. Beyond the production of ATP, ubiquitous distribution of ATPases throughout the muscle requires rapid distribution of potential energy across these large cells. Distribution of potential energy has long been thought to occur primarily through facilitated metabolite diffusion, but recent analysis has questioned the importance of this process under normal physiological conditions. Recent structural and functional studies have supported the hypothesis that the mitochondrial reticulum provides a rapid energy distribution system via the conduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential to maintain metabolic homeostasis during contractile activity. We extensively review this aspect of the energy metabolism design contrasting it with metabolite diffusion models and how mitochondrial structure can play a role in the delivery of energy in the striated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Glancy
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Insititute and National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, Bethesda, Maryland
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Insititute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert S Balaban
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Insititute and National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, Bethesda, Maryland
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Insititute, Bethesda, Maryland
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32
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Ma Y, Colin C, Descamps J, Arbault S, Sojic N. Shadow Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy of Single Mitochondria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18742-18749. [PMID: 34115447 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the subcellular bioenergetic organelles. The analysis of their morphology and topology is essential to provide useful information on their activity and metabolism. Herein, we report a label-free shadow electrochemiluminescence (ECL) microscopy based on the spatial confinement of the ECL-emitting reactive layer to image single living mitochondria deposited on the electrode surface. The ECL mechanism of the freely-diffusing [Ru(bpy)3 ]2+ dye with the sacrificial tri-n-propylamine coreactant restrains the light-emitting region to a micrometric thickness allowing to visualize individual mitochondria with a remarkable sharp negative optical contrast. The imaging approach named "shadow ECL" (SECL) reflects the negative imprint of the local diffusional hindrance of the ECL reagents by each mitochondrion. The statistical analysis of the colocalization of the shadow ECL spots with the functional mitochondria revealed by classical fluorescent biomarkers, MitoTracker Deep Red and the endogenous intramitochondrial NADH, validates the reported methodology. The versatility and extreme sensitivity of the approach are further demonstrated by visualizing single mitochondria, which remain hardly detectable with the usual biomarkers. Finally, by alleviating problems of photobleaching and phototoxicity associated with conventional microscopy methods, SECL microscopy should find promising applications in the imaging of subcellular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Ma
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Camille Colin
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Julie Descamps
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607, Pessac, France.,Present address: Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN UMR 5248, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
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33
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Ma Y, Colin C, Descamps J, Arbault S, Sojic N. Shadow Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy of Single Mitochondria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Ma
- University of Bordeaux Bordeaux INP ISM UMR CNRS 5255 33607 Pessac France
| | - Camille Colin
- University of Bordeaux Bordeaux INP ISM UMR CNRS 5255 33607 Pessac France
| | - Julie Descamps
- University of Bordeaux Bordeaux INP ISM UMR CNRS 5255 33607 Pessac France
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- University of Bordeaux Bordeaux INP ISM UMR CNRS 5255 33607 Pessac France
- Present address: Univ. Bordeaux CNRS Bordeaux INP CBMN UMR 5248 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire 33600 Pessac France
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux Bordeaux INP ISM UMR CNRS 5255 33607 Pessac France
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34
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Guo S, Ma Y, Pan Y, Smith ZJ, Chu K. Organelle-specific phase contrast microscopy enables gentle monitoring and analysis of mitochondrial network dynamics. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:4363-4379. [PMID: 34457419 PMCID: PMC8367278 DOI: 10.1364/boe.425848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are delicate organelles that play a key role in cell fate. Current research methods rely on fluorescence labeling that introduces stress due to photobleaching and phototoxicity. Here we propose a new, gentle method to study mitochondrial dynamics, where organelle-specific three-dimensional information is obtained in a label-free manner at high resolution, high specificity, and without detrimental effects associated with staining. A mitochondria cleavage experiment demonstrates that not only do the label-free mitochondria-specific images have the required resolution and precision, but also fairly include all cells and mitochondria in downstream morphological analysis, while fluorescence images omit dim cells and mitochondria. The robustness of the method was tested on samples of different cell lines and on data collected from multiple systems. Thus, we have demonstrated that our method is an attractive alternative to study mitochondrial dynamics, connecting behavior and function in a simpler and more robust way than traditional fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Guo
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710071, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Zachary J Smith
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Kaiqin Chu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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High-resolution imaging reveals compartmentalization of mitochondrial protein synthesis in cultured human cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2008778118. [PMID: 33526660 PMCID: PMC8017971 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008778118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In mitochondria from various species, the OXPHOS complexes reside mainly in the invaginated cristae membranes, as opposed to the inner boundary membrane (IBM) that parallels the mitochondrial outer membrane. However, the IBM contains dynamic contact sites enriched for translocases that import proteins from the cytosol. As the majority of OXPHOS components are imported and need to be integrated in assembly with the mtDNA-encoded components, where does intramitochondrial translation occur? Here we report: 1) a method for visualizing protein synthesis in human mitochondria at super resolution; 2) that synthesis is enriched at cristae membranes, in preference to the IBM; and 3) that sites of translation are spatially separated from RNA granules where RNA processing, maturation, and mitoribosomal assembly occur. Human mitochondria contain their own genome, mitochondrial DNA, that is expressed in the mitochondrial matrix. This genome encodes 13 vital polypeptides that are components of the multisubunit complexes that couple oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The inner mitochondrial membrane that houses these complexes comprises the inner boundary membrane that runs parallel to the outer membrane, infoldings that form the cristae membranes, and the cristae junctions that separate the two. It is in these cristae membranes that the OXPHOS complexes have been shown to reside in various species. The majority of the OXPHOS subunits are nuclear-encoded and must therefore be imported from the cytosol through the outer membrane at contact sites with the inner boundary membrane. As the mitochondrially encoded components are also integral members of these complexes, where does protein synthesis occur? As transcription, mRNA processing, maturation, and at least part of the mitoribosome assembly process occur at the nucleoid and the spatially juxtaposed mitochondrial RNA granules, is protein synthesis also performed at the RNA granules close to these entities, or does it occur distal to these sites? We have adapted a click chemistry-based method coupled with stimulated emission depletion nanoscopy to address these questions. We report that, in human cells in culture, within the limits of our methodology, the majority of mitochondrial protein synthesis is detected at the cristae membranes and is spatially separated from the sites of RNA processing and maturation.
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36
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Collins HE, Kane MS, Litovsky SH, Darley-Usmar VM, Young ME, Chatham JC, Zhang J. Mitochondrial Morphology and Mitophagy in Heart Diseases: Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses Using Transmission Electron Microscopy. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:670267. [PMID: 35822027 PMCID: PMC9261312 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.670267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has long been an important technique, capable of high degree resolution and visualization of subcellular structures and organization. Over the last 20 years, TEM has gained popularity in the cardiovascular field to visualize changes at the nanometer scale in cardiac ultrastructure during cardiovascular development, aging, and a broad range of pathologies. Recently, the cardiovascular TEM enabled the studying of several signaling processes impacting mitochondrial function, such as mitochondrial fission/fusion, autophagy, mitophagy, lysosomal degradation, and lipophagy. The goals of this review are to provide an overview of the current usage of TEM to study cardiac ultrastructural changes; to understand how TEM aided the visualization of mitochondria, autophagy, and mitophagy under normal and cardiovascular disease conditions; and to discuss the overall advantages and disadvantages of TEM and potential future capabilities and advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E. Collins
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Mariame Selma Kane
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Silvio H. Litovsky
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Victor M. Darley-Usmar
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Martin E. Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John C. Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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37
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Liput M, Magliaro C, Kuczynska Z, Zayat V, Ahluwalia A, Buzanska L. Tools and approaches for analyzing the role of mitochondria in health, development and disease using human cerebral organoids. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:591-607. [PMID: 33725382 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles involved in generating energy to power various processes in the cell. Although the pivotal role of mitochondria in neurogenesis was demonstrated (first in animal models), very little is known about their role in human embryonic neurodevelopment and its pathology. In this respect human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)-derived cerebral organoids provide a tractable, alternative model system of the early neural development and disease that is responsive to pharmacological and genetic manipulations, not possible to apply in humans. Although the involvement of mitochondria in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases and brain dysfunction has been demonstrated, the precise role they play in cell life and death remains unknown, compromising the development of new mitochondria-targeted approaches to treat human diseases. The cerebral organoid model of neurogenesis and disease in vitro provides an unprecedented opportunity to answer some of the most fundamental questions about mitochondrial function in early human neurodevelopment and neural pathology. Largely an unexplored territory due to the lack of tools and approaches, this review focuses on recent technological advancements in fluorescent and molecular tools, imaging systems, and computational approaches for quantitative and qualitative analyses of mitochondrial structure and function in three-dimensional cellular assemblies-cerebral organoids. Future developments in this direction will further facilitate our understanding of the important role or mitochondrial dynamics and energy requirements during early embryonic development. This in turn will provide a further understanding of how dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Liput
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chiara Magliaro
- Research Centre "E. Piaggio", and Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Zuzanna Kuczynska
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Valery Zayat
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arti Ahluwalia
- Research Centre "E. Piaggio", and Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonora Buzanska
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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38
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Zhang X, Man Y, Zhuang X, Shen J, Zhang Y, Cui Y, Yu M, Xing J, Wang G, Lian N, Hu Z, Ma L, Shen W, Yang S, Xu H, Bian J, Jing Y, Li X, Li R, Mao T, Jiao Y, Sodmergen, Ren H, Lin J. Plant multiscale networks: charting plant connectivity by multi-level analysis and imaging techniques. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1392-1422. [PMID: 33974222 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In multicellular and even single-celled organisms, individual components are interconnected at multiscale levels to produce enormously complex biological networks that help these systems maintain homeostasis for development and environmental adaptation. Systems biology studies initially adopted network analysis to explore how relationships between individual components give rise to complex biological processes. Network analysis has been applied to dissect the complex connectivity of mammalian brains across different scales in time and space in The Human Brain Project. In plant science, network analysis has similarly been applied to study the connectivity of plant components at the molecular, subcellular, cellular, organic, and organism levels. Analysis of these multiscale networks contributes to our understanding of how genotype determines phenotype. In this review, we summarized the theoretical framework of plant multiscale networks and introduced studies investigating plant networks by various experimental and computational modalities. We next discussed the currently available analytic methodologies and multi-level imaging techniques used to map multiscale networks in plants. Finally, we highlighted some of the technical challenges and key questions remaining to be addressed in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi Man
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yaning Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingjing Xing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 457004, China
| | - Guangchao Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Na Lian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zijian Hu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lingyu Ma
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shunyao Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiahui Bian
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanping Jing
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruili Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tonglin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Sodmergen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haiyun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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39
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Poole DC. Spatial matching of microvascular oxygen delivery to demand in skeletal muscle: Has the missing link been found? J Physiol 2021; 599:2127-2128. [PMID: 33638180 DOI: 10.1113/jp281518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David C Poole
- Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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40
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Bruno SR, Anathy V. Lung epithelial endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial 3D ultrastructure: a new frontier in lung diseases. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 155:291-300. [PMID: 33598824 PMCID: PMC7889473 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has long been appreciated that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, organelles important for regular cell function and survival, also play key roles in pathogenesis of various lung diseases, including asthma, fibrosis, and infections. Alterations in processes regulated within these organelles, including but not limited to protein folding in the ER and oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria, are important in disease pathogenesis. In recent years it has also become increasingly apparent that organelle structure dictates function. It is now clear that organelles must maintain precise organization and localization for proper function. Newer microscopy capabilities have allowed the scientific community to reveal, via 3D imaging, that the structure of these organelles and their interactions with each other are a main component of regulating function and, therefore, effects on the disease state. In this review, we will examine how 3D imaging through techniques could allow advancements in knowledge of how the ER and mitochondria function and the roles they may play in lung epithelia in progression of lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra R Bruno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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41
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Towards a systems-level understanding of mitochondrial biology. Cell Calcium 2021; 95:102364. [PMID: 33601101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human mitochondria are complex and highly dynamic biological systems, comprised of over a thousand parts and evolved to fully integrate into the specialized intracellular signaling networks and metabolic requirements of each cell and organ. Over the last two decades, several complementary, top-down computational and experimental approaches have been developed to identify, characterize and modulate the human mitochondrial system, demonstrating the power of integrating classical reductionist and discovery-driven analyses in order to de-orphanize hitherto unknown molecular components of mitochondrial machineries and pathways. To this goal, systematic, multiomics-based surveys of proteome composition, protein networks, and phenotype-to-pathway associations at the tissue, cell and organellar level have been largely exploited to predict the full complement of mitochondrial proteins and their functional interactions, therefore catalyzing data-driven hypotheses. Collectively, these multidisciplinary and integrative research approaches hold the potential to propel our understanding of mitochondrial biology and provide a systems-level framework to unraveling mitochondria-mediated and disease-spanning pathomechanisms.
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42
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Katti P, Rai M, Srivastava S, D'Silva P, Nongthomba U. Marf-mediated mitochondrial fusion is imperative for the development and functioning of indirect flight muscles (IFMs) in drosophila. Exp Cell Res 2021; 399:112486. [PMID: 33450208 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic changes in mitochondrial shape and size are vital for mitochondrial health and for tissue development and function. Adult Drosophila indirect flight muscles contain densely packed mitochondria. We show here that mitochondrial fusion is critical during early muscle development (in pupa) and that silencing of the outer mitochondrial membrane fusion gene, Marf, in muscles results in smaller mitochondria that are functionally defective. This leads to abnormal muscle development resulting in muscle dysfunction in adult flies. However, post-developmental silencing of Marf has no obvious effects on mitochondrial and muscle phenotype in adult flies, indicating the importance of mitochondrial fusion during early muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Katti
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India.
| | - Mamta Rai
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Shubhi Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Patrick D'Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Upendra Nongthomba
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India.
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43
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Ng WSV, Trigano M, Freeman T, Varrichio C, Kandaswamy DK, Newland B, Brancale A, Rozanowska M, Votruba M. New avenues for therapy in mitochondrial optic neuropathies. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN RARE DISEASE 2021; 2:26330040211029037. [PMID: 37181108 PMCID: PMC10032437 DOI: 10.1177/26330040211029037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial optic neuropathies are a group of optic nerve atrophies exemplified by the two commonest conditions in this group, autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA) and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Their clinical features comprise reduced visual acuity, colour vision deficits, centro-caecal scotomas and optic disc pallor with thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer. The primary aetiology is genetic, with underlying nuclear or mitochondrial gene mutations. The primary pathology is owing to retinal ganglion cell dysfunction and degeneration. There is currently only one approved treatment and no curative therapy is available. In this review we summarise the genetic and clinical features of ADOA and LHON and then examine what new avenues there may be for therapeutic intervention. The therapeutic strategies to manage LHON and ADOA can be split into four categories: prevention, compensation, replacement and repair. Prevention is technically an option by modifying risk factors such as smoking cessation, or by utilising pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, although this is unlikely to be applied in mitochondrial optic neuropathies due to the non-life threatening and variable nature of these conditions. Compensation involves pharmacological interventions that ameliorate the mitochondrial dysfunction at a cellular and tissue level. Replacement and repair are exciting new emerging areas. Clinical trials, both published and underway, in this area are likely to reveal future potential benefits, since new therapies are desperately needed. Plain language summary Optic nerve damage leading to loss of vision can be caused by a variety of insults. One group of conditions leading to optic nerve damage is caused by defects in genes that are essential for cells to make energy in small organelles called mitochondria. These conditions are known as mitochondrial optic neuropathies and two predominant examples are called autosomal dominant optic atrophy and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Both conditions are caused by problems with the energy powerhouse of cells: mitochondria. The cells that are most vulnerable to this mitochondrial malfunction are called retinal ganglion cells, otherwise collectively known as the optic nerve, and they take the electrical impulse from the retina in the eye to the brain. The malfunction leads to death of some of the optic nerve cells, the degree of vision loss being linked to the number of those cells which are impacted in this way. Patients will lose visual acuity and colour vision and develop a central blind spot in their field of vision. There is currently no cure and very few treatment options. New treatments are desperately needed for patients affected by these devastating diseases. New treatments can potentially arise in four ways: prevention, compensation, replacement and repair of the defects. Here we explore how present and possible future treatments might provide hope for those suffering from these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthieu Trigano
- Mitochondria and Vision Lab, School of
Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Thomas Freeman
- Mitochondria and Vision Lab, School of
Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Carmine Varrichio
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dinesh Kumar Kandaswamy
- Mitochondria and Vision Lab, School of
Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ben Newland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrea Brancale
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Malgorzata Rozanowska
- Mitochondria and Vision Lab, School of
Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marcela Votruba
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences,
Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK; Cardiff Eye
Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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44
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Prole DL, Chinnery PF, Jones NS. Visualizing, quantifying, and manipulating mitochondrial DNA in vivo. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17588-17601. [PMID: 33454000 PMCID: PMC7762947 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.015101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes proteins and RNAs that support the functions of mitochondria and thereby numerous physiological processes. Mutations of mtDNA can cause mitochondrial diseases and are implicated in aging. The mtDNA within cells is organized into nucleoids within the mitochondrial matrix, but how mtDNA nucleoids are formed and regulated within cells remains incompletely resolved. Visualization of mtDNA within cells is a powerful means by which mechanistic insight can be gained. Manipulation of the amount and sequence of mtDNA within cells is important experimentally and for developing therapeutic interventions to treat mitochondrial disease. This review details recent developments and opportunities for improvements in the experimental tools and techniques that can be used to visualize, quantify, and manipulate the properties of mtDNA within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Prole
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Nick S Jones
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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45
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Costello MJ, Gilliland KO, Mohamed A, Schey KL, Johnsen S, Brennan LA, Kantorow M. Novel mitochondrial derived Nuclear Excisosome degrades nuclei during differentiation of prosimian Galago (bush baby) monkey lenses. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241631. [PMID: 33180800 PMCID: PMC7660580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique cellular organization and transparent function of the ocular lens depend on the continuous differentiation of immature epithelial cells on the lens anterior surface into mature elongated fiber cells within the lens core. A ubiquitous event during lens differentiation is the complete elimination of organelles required for mature lens fiber cell structure and transparency. Distinct pathways have been identified to mediate the elimination of non-nuclear organelles and nuclei. Recently, we reported the discovery of a unique structure in developing fiber cells of the chick embryo lens, called the Nuclear Excisosome, that is intractably associated with degrading nuclei during lens fiber cell differentiation. In the chick lens, the Nuclear Excisosome is derived from projections of adjacent cells contacting the nuclear envelope during nuclear elimination. Here, we demonstrate that, in contrast to the avian model, Nuclear Excisosomes in a primate model, Galago (bush baby) monkeys, are derived through the recruitment of mitochondria to form unique linear assemblies that define a novel primate Nuclear Excisosome. Four lenses from three monkeys aged 2–5 years were fixed in formalin, followed by paraformaldehyde, then processed for Airyscan confocal microscopy or transmission electron microscopy. For confocal imaging, fluorescent dyes labelled membranes, carbohydrate in the extracellular space, filamentous actin and nuclei. Fiber cells from Galago lenses typically displayed prominent linear structures within the cytoplasm with a distinctive cross-section of four membranes and lengths up to 30 μm. The outer membranes of these linear structures were observed to attach to the outer nuclear envelope membrane to initiate degradation near the organelle-free zone. The origin of these unique structures was mitochondria in the equatorial epithelium (not from plasma membranes of adjacent cells as in the chick embryo model). Early changes in mitochondria appeared to be the collapse of the cristae and modification of one side of the mitochondrial outer membrane to promote accumulation of protein in a dense cluster. As a mitochondrion surrounded the dense protein cluster, an outer mitochondrial membrane enclosed the protein to form a core and another outer mitochondrial membrane formed the outermost layer. The paired membranes of irregular texture between the inner core membrane and the outer limiting membrane appeared to be derived from modified mitochondrial cristae. Several mitochondria were involved in the formation and maturation of these unique complexes that apparently migrated around the fulcrum into the cytoplasm of nascent fiber cells where they were stabilized until the nuclear degradation was initiated. Thus, unlike in the chick embryo, the Galago lenses degraded nuclear envelopes with a Nuclear Excisosome derived from multiple mitochondria in the epithelium that formed novel linear assemblies in developing fiber cells. These findings suggest that recruitment of distinct structures is required for Nuclear Excisosome formation in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Joseph Costello
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Kurt O Gilliland
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Ashik Mohamed
- Ophthalmic Biophysics, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Biochemistry Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Sönke Johnsen
- Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Lisa A Brennan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States of America
| | - Marc Kantorow
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States of America
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46
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Glancy B, Kim Y, Katti P, Willingham TB. The Functional Impact of Mitochondrial Structure Across Subcellular Scales. Front Physiol 2020; 11:541040. [PMID: 33262702 PMCID: PMC7686514 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.541040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key determinants of cellular health. However, the functional role of mitochondria varies from cell to cell depending on the relative demands for energy distribution, metabolite biosynthesis, and/or signaling. In order to support the specific needs of different cell types, mitochondrial functional capacity can be optimized in part by modulating mitochondrial structure across several different spatial scales. Here we discuss the functional implications of altering mitochondrial structure with an emphasis on the physiological trade-offs associated with different mitochondrial configurations. Within a mitochondrion, increasing the amount of cristae in the inner membrane improves capacity for energy conversion and free radical-mediated signaling but may come at the expense of matrix space where enzymes critical for metabolite biosynthesis and signaling reside. Electrically isolating individual cristae could provide a protective mechanism to limit the spread of dysfunction within a mitochondrion but may also slow the response time to an increase in cellular energy demand. For individual mitochondria, those with relatively greater surface areas can facilitate interactions with the cytosol or other organelles but may be more costly to remove through mitophagy due to the need for larger phagophore membranes. At the network scale, a large, stable mitochondrial reticulum can provide a structural pathway for energy distribution and communication across long distances yet also enable rapid spreading of localized dysfunction. Highly dynamic mitochondrial networks allow for frequent content mixing and communication but require constant cellular remodeling to accommodate the movement of mitochondria. The formation of contact sites between mitochondria and several other organelles provides a mechanism for specialized communication and direct content transfer between organelles. However, increasing the number of contact sites between mitochondria and any given organelle reduces the mitochondrial surface area available for contact sites with other organelles as well as for metabolite exchange with cytosol. Though the precise mechanisms guiding the coordinated multi-scale mitochondrial configurations observed in different cell types have yet to be elucidated, it is clear that mitochondrial structure is tailored at every level to optimize mitochondrial function to meet specific cellular demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Glancy
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yuho Kim
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Physical Therapy and Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Prasanna Katti
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - T. Bradley Willingham
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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47
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Immunometabolism in the Brain: How Metabolism Shapes Microglial Function. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:854-869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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48
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Rigoulet M, Bouchez CL, Paumard P, Ransac S, Cuvellier S, Duvezin-Caubet S, Mazat JP, Devin A. Cell energy metabolism: An update. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148276. [PMID: 32717222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In living cells, growth is the result of coupling between substrate catabolism and multiple metabolic processes that take place during net biomass formation and maintenance processes. During growth, both ATP/ADP and NADH/NAD+ molecules play a key role. Cell energy metabolism hence refers to metabolic pathways involved in ATP synthesis linked to NADH turnover. Two main pathways are thus involved in cell energy metabolism: glycolysis/fermentation and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation are intertwined through thermodynamic and kinetic constraints that are reviewed herein. Further, our current knowledge of short-term and long term regulation of cell energy metabolism will be reviewed using examples such as the Crabtree and the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rigoulet
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - C L Bouchez
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - P Paumard
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - S Ransac
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - S Cuvellier
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - S Duvezin-Caubet
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - J P Mazat
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - A Devin
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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