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Mattelaer N, Van der Schueren B, Van Oudenhove L, Weltens N, Vangoitsenhoven R. The circulating and central endocannabinoid system in obesity and weight loss. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:1363-1382. [PMID: 38834796 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Major advances have been made in obesity treatment, focusing on restoring disturbances along the gut-brain axis. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a neuromodulatory signaling system, present along the entire gut-brain axis, that plays a critical role in central and peripheral regulation of food intake and body weight. Evidence on the impact of weight loss on the ECS is, however, more limited. Therefore, we set out to review the existing literature for changes in central and circulating endocannabinoid levels after bariatric surgery and other weight loss strategies in humans. The PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant articles. Fifty-six human studies were identified. Most studies measuring circulating 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) found no difference between normal weight and obesity, or no correlation with BMI. In contrast, studies measuring circulating arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) found an increase or positive correlation with BMI. Two studies found a negative correlation between BMI and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) receptor availability in the brain. Only one study investigated the effect of pharmacological weight management on circulating endocannabinoid concentrations and found no effect on AEA concentrations. So far, six studies investigated potential changes in circulating endocannabinoids after bariatric surgery and reported conflicting results. Available evidence does not univocally support that circulating endocannabinoids are upregulated in individuals with obesity, which may be explained by variability across studies in several potential confounding factors (e.g. age and sex) as well as heterogeneity within the obesity population (e.g. BMI only vs. intra-abdominal adiposity). While several studies investigated the effect of lifestyle interventions on the circulating ECS, more studies are warranted that focus on pharmacologically and surgically induced weight loss. In addition, we identified several research needs which should be fulfilled to better understand the role of the ECS in obesity and its treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Mattelaer
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies, Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Van der Schueren
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lukas Van Oudenhove
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies, Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Weltens
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies, Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roman Vangoitsenhoven
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Mboumba Bouassa RS, Giorgini G, Silvestri C, Muller C, Nallabelli N, Alexandrova Y, Durand M, Tremblay C, El-Far M, Chartrand-Lefebvre C, Messier-Peet M, Margolese S, Flamand N, Costiniuk CT, Di Marzo V, Jenabian MA. Plasma endocannabinoidome and fecal microbiota interplay in people with HIV and subclinical coronary artery disease: Results from the Canadian HIV and Aging Cohort Study. iScience 2024; 27:110456. [PMID: 39156649 PMCID: PMC11326910 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic HIV infection is associated with accelerated coronary artery disease (CAD) due to chronic inflammation. The expanded endocannabinoid system (eCBome) and gut microbiota modulate each other and are key regulators of cardiovascular functions and inflammation. We herein investigated the interplay between plasma eCBome mediators and gut microbiota in people with HIV (PWH) and/or subclinical CAD versus HIV-uninfected individuals. CAD was determined by coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography performed on all participants. Plasma eCBome mediator and fecal microbiota composition were assessed by tandem mass spectrometry and 16S rDNA sequencing, respectively. HIV infection was associated with perturbed plasma eCBome mediators characterized by an inverse relationship between anandamide and N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) versus 2-AG and 2-monoacylglycerols (MAGs). Plasma triglyceride levels were positively associated with MAGs. Several fecal bacterial taxa were altered in HIV-CAD+ versus controls and correlated with plasma eCBome mediators. CAD-associated taxonomic alterations in fecal bacterial taxa were not found in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa
- Department of Biological Sciences and CERMO-FC Research Centre, Université du Quebec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Giada Giorgini
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF) et Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Chanté Muller
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval
| | - Nayudu Nallabelli
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval
| | - Yulia Alexandrova
- Department of Biological Sciences and CERMO-FC Research Centre, Université du Quebec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Madeleine Durand
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed El-Far
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Marc Messier-Peet
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shari Margolese
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval
| | - Cecilia T. Costiniuk
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases/Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF) et Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Université Laval
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Department of Biological Sciences and CERMO-FC Research Centre, Université du Quebec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Amir Hamzah K, Toms LM, Kucharski N, Orr J, Turner NP, Hobson P, Nichols DS, Ney LJ. Sex-dimorphism in human serum endocannabinoid and n-acyl ethanolamine concentrations across the lifespan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:23059. [PMID: 38155287 PMCID: PMC10754838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (ECB) system has recently been considered a potential treatment target for various clinical disorders. However, research around age- and sex-related changes within the ECB system is relatively limited. To improve our understanding of these changes, the current study measured arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), oleoylethanolamine (OEA), palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), arachidonic acid (AA), cortisol, and progesterone in pooled serum samples stratified by sex (male and female) and age groups (5-15; 15-30; 30-45; 45-60; 60-75; 85+), using liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Serum progesterone levels significantly increased in females of the 15-30 and 30-45 age groups, before declining. Significantly higher cortisol, AEA, 2-AG, OEA, and PEA were found in males and in older age, while significantly higher AA was found in females. Our results indicate that ECBs and related hormones exhibit sexual dimorphism in the age ranges that correspond with female pregnancy, menopause, and post menopause. Male testosterone levels most likely influences male ECB changes throughout the lifespan. Future research could capitalise on these findings by performing repeated measurements in individuals in a longitudinal style, to further refine the temporal profile of age-specific changes to the ECB system identified here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalisa Amir Hamzah
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 149 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, 4059, Australia.
| | - Leisa-Maree Toms
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Kucharski
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Julia Orr
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Natalie P Turner
- The Centre for Children's Health Research (CCHR), Queensland University of Technology, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Peter Hobson
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Sullivan and Nicolaides Pathology, 24 Hurworth Street, Bowen Hills, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - David S Nichols
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luke J Ney
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 149 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, 4059, Australia
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Castonguay-Paradis S, Perron J, Flamand N, Lamarche B, Raymond F, Di Marzo V, Veilleux A. Dietary food patterns as determinants of the gut microbiome-endocannabinoidome axis in humans. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15702. [PMID: 37735572 PMCID: PMC10514042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota and the endocannabinoidome (eCBome) play important roles in regulating energy homeostasis, and both are closely linked to dietary habits. However, the complex and compositional nature of these variables has limited our understanding of their interrelationship. This study aims to decipher the interrelation between dietary intake and the gut microbiome-eCBome axis using two different approaches for measuring dietary intake: one based on whole food and the other on macronutrient intakes. We reveal that food patterns, rather than macronutrient intakes, were associated with the gut microbiome-eCBome axis in a sample of healthy men and women (n = 195). N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and gut microbial families were correlated with intakes of vegetables, refined grains, olive oil and meats independently of adiposity and energy intakes. Specifically, higher intakes in vegetables and olive oil were associated with increased relative abundance of Clostridiaceae, Veillonellaceae and Peptostreptococaceae, decreased relative abundance of Acidominococaceae, higher circulating levels of NAEs, and higher HDL and LDL cholesterol levels. Our findings highlight the relative importance of food patterns in determining the gut microbiome-eCBome axis. They emphasize the importance of recognizing the contribution of dietary habits in these systems to develop personalized dietary interventions for preventing and treating metabolic disorders through this axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Castonguay-Paradis
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- École de Nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Perron
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- École de Nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- École de Nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Raymond
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- École de Nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- École de Nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Joint International Unit between the National Research Council (CNR) of Italy and Université Laval on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Veilleux
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- École de Nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
- Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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Wiciński M, Fajkiel-Madajczyk A, Kurant Z, Gryczka K, Kurant D, Szambelan M, Malinowski B, Falkowski M, Zabrzyński J, Słupski M. The Use of Cannabidiol in Metabolic Syndrome-An Opportunity to Improve the Patient's Health or Much Ado about Nothing? J Clin Med 2023; 12:4620. [PMID: 37510734 PMCID: PMC10380672 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis-derived therapies are gaining popularity in the medical world. More and more perfect forms of cannabinoids are sought, which could be used in the treatment of many common diseases, including metabolic syndrome, whose occurrence is also increasing. The purpose of this review was to investigate the usefulness of cannabinoids, mainly cannabidiol (CBD), in individuals with obesity, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, high blood pressure, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We summarised the most recent research on the broad topic of cannabis-derived influence on metabolic syndrome components. Since there is a lot of work on the effects of Δ9-THC (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) on metabolism and far less on cannabidiol, we felt it needed to be sorted out and summarised in this review. The research results on the use of cannabidiol in obesity are contraindicatory. When it comes to glucose homeostasis, it appears that CBD maintains it, sensitises adipose tissue to insulin, and reduces fasting glucose levels, so it seems to be a potential target in this kind of metabolic disorder, but some research results are inconclusive. CBD shows some promising results in the treatment of various lipid disorders. Some studies have proven its positive effect by decreasing LDL and increasing HDL as well. Despite their probable efficacy, CBD and its derivatives will likely remain an adjunctive treatment rather than a mainstay of therapy. Studies have also shown that CBD in patients with hypertension has positive effects, even though the hypotensive properties of cannabidiol are small. However, CBD can be used to prevent blood pressure surges, stabilise them, and have a protective effect on blood vessels. Results from preclinical studies have shown that the effect of cannabidiol on NAFLD may be potentially beneficial in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome and its components. Nevertheless, there is limited data on CBD and NAFLD in human studies. Because of the numerous confounding factors, the conclusions are unclear, and more research in this field is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wiciński
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Fajkiel-Madajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kurant
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karol Gryczka
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dominik Kurant
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Monika Szambelan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Michal Falkowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jan Zabrzyński
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Słupski
- Department of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Mock ED, Gagestein B, van der Stelt M. Anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines: A class of signaling lipids with therapeutic opportunities. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101194. [PMID: 36150527 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), including N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA, anandamide), N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA, synaptamide) and their oxygenated metabolites are a lipid messenger family with numerous functions in health and disease, including inflammation, anxiety and energy metabolism. The NAEs exert their signaling role through activation of various G protein-coupled receptors (cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, GPR55, GPR110, GPR119), ion channels (TRPV1) and nuclear receptors (PPAR-α and PPAR-γ) in the brain and periphery. The biological role of the oxygenated NAEs, such as prostamides, hydroxylated anandamide and DHEA derivatives, are less studied. Evidence is accumulating that NAEs and their oxidative metabolites may be aberrantly regulated or are associated with disease severity in obesity, metabolic syndrome, cancer, neuroinflammation and liver cirrhosis. Here, we comprehensively review NAE biosynthesis and degradation, their metabolism by lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases and cytochrome P450s and the biological functions of these signaling lipids. We discuss the latest findings and therapeutic potential of modulating endogenous NAE levels by inhibition of their degradation, which is currently under clinical evaluation for neuropsychiatric disorders. We also highlight NAE biosynthesis inhibition as an emerging topic with therapeutic opportunities in endocannabinoid and NAE signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot D Mock
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Berend Gagestein
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands.
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Tramice A, Paris D, Manca A, Guevara Agudelo FA, Petrosino S, Siracusa L, Carbone M, Melck D, Raymond F, Piscitelli F. Analysis of the oral microbiome during hormonal cycle and its alterations in menopausal women: the "AMICA" project. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22086. [PMID: 36543896 PMCID: PMC9772230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26528-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of human health is dependent on a symbiotic relationship between humans and associated bacteria. The diversity and abundance of each habitat's signature microbes vary widely among body areas and among them the oral microbiome plays a key role. Significant changes in the oral cavity, predominantly at salivary and periodontal level, have been associated with changes in estrogen levels. However, whether the oral microbiome is affected by hormonal level alterations is understudied. Hence the main objective pursued by AMICA project was to characterize the oral microbiome (saliva) in healthy women through: profiling studies using "omics" technologies (NMR-based metabolomics, targeted lipidomics by LC-MS, metagenomics by NGS); SinglePlex ELISA assays; glycosidase activity analyses and bioinformatic analysis. For this purpose, thirty-nine medically healthy women aged 26-77 years (19 with menstrual cycle and 20 in menopause) were recruited. Participants completed questionnaires assessing detailed medical and medication history and demographic characteristics. Plasmatic and salivary levels of sexual hormones were assessed (FSH, estradiol, LH and progesteron) at day 3 and 14 for women with menstrual cycle and only once for women in menopause. Salivary microbiome composition was assessed through meta-taxonomic 16S sequencing and overall, the salivary microbiome of most women remained relatively stable throughout the menstrual cycle and in menopause. Targeted lipidomics and untargeted metabolomics profiling were assessed through the use of LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy technologies, respectively and significant changes in terms of metabolites were identified in saliva of post-menopausal women in comparison to cycle. Moreover, glycosyl hydrolase activities were screened and showed that the β-D-hexosaminidase activity was the most present among those analyzed. Although this study has not identified significant alterations in the composition of the oral microbiome, multiomics analysis have revealed a strong correlation between 2-AG and α-mannosidase. In conclusion, the use of a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the oral microbiome of healthy women provided some indication about microbiome-derived predictive biomarkers that could be used in the future for developing new strategies to help to re-establish the correct hormonal balance in post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Tramice
- grid.473581.c0000 0004 1761 6004CNR Istituto Di Chimica Biomolecolare, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - D. Paris
- grid.473581.c0000 0004 1761 6004CNR Istituto Di Chimica Biomolecolare, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - A. Manca
- CNR Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Sassari, Italy
| | | | - S. Petrosino
- grid.473581.c0000 0004 1761 6004CNR Istituto Di Chimica Biomolecolare, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy ,Epitech Group SpA, Saccolongo (PD), Italy
| | - L. Siracusa
- grid.473581.c0000 0004 1761 6004CNR Istituto Di Chimica Biomolecolare, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - M. Carbone
- grid.473581.c0000 0004 1761 6004CNR Istituto Di Chimica Biomolecolare, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - D. Melck
- grid.473581.c0000 0004 1761 6004CNR Istituto Di Chimica Biomolecolare, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - F. Raymond
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Université Laval, Québéc City, Canada
| | - F. Piscitelli
- grid.473581.c0000 0004 1761 6004CNR Istituto Di Chimica Biomolecolare, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
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Expression of type 1 cannabinoid receptor gene in bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:406-413. [PMID: 36323143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Endocannabinoid System (ECBs) may have a crucial role in bipolar disorder (BD). Previous reports have not detected abnormalities in the expression of the cannabinoid receptor gene CNR1, encoding for CB1. However, we hypothesized that differentiating between mania and depression may uncover differences in CNR1 expression levels. METHODS We recruited 44 subjects with BD type I (BD-I), in mania (n = 22) and depression (n = 22) and 25 Healthy Controls (HC). CNR1 gene expression was analyzed using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Data were analyzed using frequentist non-parametric and Bayesian approaches (generalized location-scale model based on lognormal and gamma distributions). RESULTS Using the frequentist non-parametric approach, the depression group had lower CNR1 expression compared to the mania group (p = 0.004). In addition, there was a negative correlation between CNR1 expression and Hamilton Depression Scale score (rho = -0.37; p = 0.007). Bayesian analyses further revealed that CNR1 expression in the mania group was higher and less variable than among HC (>95% probability), while CNR1 expression in the depression group was lower and more variable than among HC (100% probability). LIMITATIONS Lack of participants with bipolar disorder in the euthymic phase, lack of toxicology screening and evaluation of CNR1 variants. CONCLUSION CNR1 expression is higher and less variable in mania than in depression. It is highly probable that these differences also distinguish individuals in different illness phases from healthy controls. Future studies are needed to clarify the role of the endocannabinoid system in bipolar disorder.
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Soldevila-Domenech N, Pastor A, Sala-Vila A, Lázaro I, Boronat A, Muñoz D, Castañer O, Fagundo B, Corella D, Fernández-Aranda F, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Fitó M, de la Torre R. Sex differences in endocannabinoids during 3 years of Mediterranean diet intervention: Association with insulin resistance and weight loss in a population with metabolic syndrome. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1076677. [PMID: 36532543 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1076677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundExcess circulating endocannabinoids (eCBs) and imbalanced N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) related eCBs abundance could influence dietary weight loss success. We aimed to examine sex differences in the impact of a 3-years Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) intervention on circulating eCBs, NAEs and their precursor fatty acids, and to analyze the interplay between changes in eCBs or NAEs ratios, insulin resistance and the achievement of clinically meaningful weight reductions.MethodsProspective cohort study in a subsample of N = 105 participants (54.3% women; 65.6 ± 4.6 years) with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome that underwent a 3-years MedDiet intervention (PREDIMED-Plus study). Plasma eCBs and NAEs, including 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), fatty acids, diet, glycemic homeostasis (including the assessment of insulin resistance-HOMA-IR), and cardiovascular risk markers were monitored (at 0-6-12-36 months).ResultsMediterranean diet adherence increased in both sexes and remained high during the 3 years of follow-up. Reductions in body weight, glycemic and cardiovascular parameters were larger in men than in women. Women presented higher concentrations of NAEs than men throughout the study. In both sexes, AEA and other NAEs (including OEA, and PEA) decreased after 6 months (for AEA: −4.9%), whereas the ratio OEA/AEA increased after 1 year (+5.8%). Changes in 2-AG (−3.9%) and the ratio OEA/PEA (+8.2%) persisted over the 3 years of follow-up. In women, 6-months changes in AEA (OR = 0.65) and the ratio OEA/AEA (OR = 3.28) were associated with the achievement of 8% weight reductions and correlated with HOMA-IR changes (r = 0.29 and r = −0.34). In men, OEA/PEA changes were associated with 8% weight reductions (OR = 2.62) and correlated with HOMA-IR changes (r = −0.32).ConclusionA 3-years MedDiet intervention modulated plasma concentrations of eCBs and NAEs. Changes in AEA and in the relative abundance of NAEs were associated with clinically meaningful weight reductions. However, marked sex differences were identified in eCBs and NAEs, as well as in the efficacy of the intervention in terms of glycemic and cardiovascular parameters, which could be related to post-menopause alterations in glucose metabolism. These findings support a sex-balanced research strategy for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of body weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Soldevila-Domenech
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Iolanda Lázaro
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Muñoz
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Endocrinology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fagundo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy, Fundació Universitària del Bages, Manresa, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Kadyrov M, Whiley L, Brown B, Erickson KI, Holmes E. Associations of the Lipidome with Ageing, Cognitive Decline and Exercise Behaviours. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090822. [PMID: 36144226 PMCID: PMC9505967 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most recognisable features of ageing is a decline in brain health and cognitive dysfunction, which is associated with perturbations to regular lipid homeostasis. Although ageing is the largest risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, a loss in cognitive function is commonly observed in adults over the age of 65. Despite the prevalence of normal age-related cognitive decline, there is a lack of effective methods to improve the health of the ageing brain. In light of this, exercise has shown promise for positively influencing neurocognitive health and associated lipid profiles. This review summarises age-related changes in several lipid classes that are found in the brain, including fatty acyls, glycerolipids, phospholipids, sphingolipids and sterols, and explores the consequences of age-associated pathological cognitive decline on these lipid classes. Evidence of the positive effects of exercise on the affected lipid profiles are also discussed to highlight the potential for exercise to be used therapeutically to mitigate age-related changes to lipid metabolism and prevent cognitive decline in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kadyrov
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (B.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Luke Whiley
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Belinda Brown
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (B.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Division of Integrative Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (B.B.); (E.H.)
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Haviv Y, Georgiev O, Gaver-Bracha T, Hamad S, Nemirovski A, Hadar R, Sharav Y, Aframian DJ, Brotman Y, Tam J. Reduced Endocannabinoid Tone in Saliva of Chronic Orofacial Pain Patients. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144662. [PMID: 35889535 PMCID: PMC9322033 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: the endocannabinoid system (ECS) participates in many physiological and pathological processes including pain generation, modulation, and sensation. Its involvement in chronic orofacial pain (OFP) in general, and the reflection of its involvement in OFP in salivary endocannabinoid (eCBs) levels in particular, has not been examined. Objectives: to evaluate the association between salivary (eCBs) levels and chronic OFP. Methods: salivary levels of 2 eCBs, anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), 2 endocannabinoid-like compoundsN-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), and their endogenous precursor and breakdown product, arachidonic acid (AA), were analyzed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in 83 chronic OFP patients and 43 pain-free controls. The chronic OFP patients were divided according to diagnosis into musculoskeletal, neurovascular/migraine, and neuropathic pain types. Results: chronic OFP patients had lower levels of OEA (p = 0.02) and 2-AG (p = 0.01). Analyzing specific pain types revealed lower levels of AEA and OEA in the neurovascular group (p = 0.04, 0.02, respectively), and 2-AG in the neuropathic group compared to controls (p = 0.05). No significant differences were found between the musculoskeletal pain group and controls. Higher pain intensity was accompanied by lower levels of AA (p = 0.028), in neuropathic group. Conclusions: lower levels of eCBs were found in the saliva of chronic OFP patients compared to controls, specifically those with neurovascular/migraine, and neuropathic pain. The detection of changes in salivary endocannabinoids levels related to OFP adds a new dimension to our understanding of OFP mechanisms, and may have diagnostic as well as therapeutic implications for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Haviv
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation and Maxillofacial Imaging, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (O.G.); (T.G.-B.); (Y.S.); (D.J.A.); (J.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-2-677-6140; Fax: +972-2-644-7919
| | - Olga Georgiev
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation and Maxillofacial Imaging, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (O.G.); (T.G.-B.); (Y.S.); (D.J.A.); (J.T.)
- In Partial Fulfillment of DMD Requirements, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Tal Gaver-Bracha
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation and Maxillofacial Imaging, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (O.G.); (T.G.-B.); (Y.S.); (D.J.A.); (J.T.)
- In Partial Fulfillment of DMD Requirements, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Sharleen Hamad
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (S.H.); (A.N.); (R.H.)
| | - Alina Nemirovski
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (S.H.); (A.N.); (R.H.)
| | - Rivka Hadar
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (S.H.); (A.N.); (R.H.)
| | - Yair Sharav
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation and Maxillofacial Imaging, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (O.G.); (T.G.-B.); (Y.S.); (D.J.A.); (J.T.)
| | - Doron J. Aframian
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation and Maxillofacial Imaging, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (O.G.); (T.G.-B.); (Y.S.); (D.J.A.); (J.T.)
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8410501, Israel;
| | - Joseph Tam
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation and Maxillofacial Imaging, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (O.G.); (T.G.-B.); (Y.S.); (D.J.A.); (J.T.)
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Kratz D, Thomas D, Gurke R. Endocannabinoids as potential biomarkers: It's all about pre-analytics. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2021; 22:56-63. [PMID: 34939056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) are central lipid mediators of the endocannabinoid system. They are highly relevant due to their involvement in a wide variety of inflammatory, metabolic or malign diseases. Further elucidation of their modes of action and use as biomarkers in an easily accessible matrix, like blood, is restricted by their susceptibility to deviations during blood sampling and physiological co-dependences, which results in high variability of reported concentrations in low ng/mL ranges. Objectives The objective of this review is the identification of critical parameters during the pre-analytical phase and proposal of minimum requirements for reliable determination of endocannabinoids (ECs) in blood samples. Methods Reported physiological processes influencing the EC concentrations were put into context with published pre-analytical research and stability data from bioanalytical method validation. Results The cause for variability in EC concentrations is versatile. In part, they are caused by inter-individual factors like sex, metabolic status and/or diurnal changes. Nevertheless, enzymatic activity in freshly drawn blood samples is the main reason for changing concentrations of AEA and 2-AG, besides additional non-enzymatic isomerization of the latter. Conclusion Blood samples for EC analyses require immediate processing at low temperatures (>0 °C) to maintain sample integrity. Standardization of the respective blood tube or anti-coagulant, sampling time point, applied centrifugal force and complete processing time can further decrease variability caused by sample handling. Nevertheless, extensive characterization of study participants is needed to reduce distortion of clinical data caused by co-variables and facilitate research on the endocannabinoid system.
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Key Words
- (U)HPLC, (ultra) high performance liquid chromatography
- 1-AG, 1-arachidonoyl glycerol
- 2-AG, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol
- 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol
- AEA, arachidonoyl ethanolamide
- Anandamide
- BMI, body mass index
- Blood sampling
- CBR, cannabinoid receptor
- EC-like, endocannabinoid-like
- ECS, endocannabinoid system
- ECs, endocannabinoids
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- Endocannabinoid
- FAAH, fatty acid amide hydrolase
- FT, freezing temperature
- FTC, freeze–thaw cycles
- HDL, high density lipo protein
- KSCN, potassium thiocyanate
- LLE, liquid–liquid extraction
- MAGL, monoacylglycerol lipase
- MS/MS, tandem mass spectrometry
- O-AEA, virodhamine
- OEA, oleoyl ethanolamide
- PAF, platelet-activating factor
- PEA, palmitoyl ethanolamide
- PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
- Pre-analytics
- RT, room temperature
- SPE, solid-phase extraction
- WB, whole blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kratz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Gurke
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Adipose Tissue with Focus on Energy Metabolism. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061279. [PMID: 34064024 PMCID: PMC8224009 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is involved in a wide range of processes including the control of energy acquisition and expenditure. Endocannabinoids and their receptors are present in the central nervous system but also in peripheral tissues, notably the adipose tissues. The endocannabinoid system interacts with two main hormones regulating appetite, namely leptin and ghrelin. The inhibitory effect of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonist rimonabant on fat mass suggested that the endocannabinoid system can also have a peripheral action in addition to its effect on appetite reduction. Thus, several investigations have focused on the peripheral role of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of metabolism. The white adipose tissue stores energy as triglycerides while the brown adipose tissue helps to dissipate energy as heat. The endocannabinoid system regulates several functions of the adipose tissues to favor energy accumulation. In this review we will describe the presence of the endocannabinoid system in the adipose tissue. We will survey the role of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of white and brown adipose tissue metabolism and how the eCB system participates in obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Tagliamonte S, Laiola M, Ferracane R, Vitale M, Gallo MA, Meslier V, Pons N, Ercolini D, Vitaglione P. Mediterranean diet consumption affects the endocannabinoid system in overweight and obese subjects: possible links with gut microbiome, insulin resistance and inflammation. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3703-3716. [PMID: 33763720 PMCID: PMC8437855 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether a Mediterranean diet (MD) affected the plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids (ECs), N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and their specific ratios in subjects with lifestyle risk factors for metabolic diseases. To identify the relationship between circulating levels of these compounds and gut microbiome, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. Methods A parallel 8-week randomised controlled trial was performed involving 82 overweight and obese subjects aged (mean ± SEM) 43 ± 1.4 years with a BMI of 31.1 ± 0.5 kg/m2, habitual Western diet (CT) and sedentary lifestyle. Subjects were randomised to consume an MD tailored to their habitual energy and macronutrient intake (n = 43) or to maintain their habitual diet (n = 39). Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like molecules, metabolic and inflammatory markers and gut microbiome were monitored over the study period. Results The MD intervention lowered plasma arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA, p = 0.02), increased plasma oleoylethanolamide/palmitoylethanolamide (OEA/PEA, p = 0.009) and OEA/AEA (p = 0.006) and increased faecal Akkermansia muciniphila (p = 0.026) independent of body weight changes. OEA/PEA positively correlated with abundance of key microbial players in diet–gut–health interplay and MD adherence. Following an MD, individuals with low-plasma OEA/PEA at baseline decreased homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (p = 0.01), while individuals with high-plasma OEA/PEA decreased serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (p = 0.02). Conclusions We demonstrated that a switch from a CT to an isocaloric MD affects the endocannabinoid system and increases A. muciniphila abundance in the gut independently of body weight changes. Endocannabinoid tone and microbiome functionality at baseline drives an individualised response to an MD in ameliorating insulin sensitivity and inflammation. Clinical Trial Registry number and website NCT03071718; www.clinicaltrials.gov Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02538-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tagliamonte
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Parco Gussone Ed. 84, 80055, Portici, NA), Italy
| | - Manolo Laiola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Parco Gussone Ed. 84, 80055, Portici, NA), Italy
| | - Rosalia Ferracane
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Parco Gussone Ed. 84, 80055, Portici, NA), Italy
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Victoria Meslier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE (Institut National de Recherche Pour L'agriculture, l'alimentation Et L'environnement), MGP (Metagenopolis), 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Nicolas Pons
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE (Institut National de Recherche Pour L'agriculture, l'alimentation Et L'environnement), MGP (Metagenopolis), 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Parco Gussone Ed. 84, 80055, Portici, NA), Italy.,Task Force On Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Parco Gussone Ed. 84, 80055, Portici, NA), Italy. .,Task Force On Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80134, Naples, Italy.
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Chu L, Liu W, Deng J, Wu Y, Yang H, Wang W, Hussain A, Li N, Zhou D, Deng H. Age-related changes in endogenous glucocorticoids, gonadal steroids, endocannabinoids and their ratios in plasma and hair from the male C57BL/6 mice. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 301:113651. [PMID: 33122035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related level changes of hormones, endocannabinoids and their ratios are of pathophysiological significance for understanding functions, activities and interactions of the endocrine systems, including the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA), hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes and endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS). The present study aimed to investigate the age-dependent fluctuations of glucocorticoids, gonadal steroids, endocannabinoids and their ratios from 21 days to 10 months in both plasma and hair from the male C57BL/6 mice. A novel framework based on the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed to simultaneously determine ten hormones and two endocannabinoids in plasma and hair. Results showed that glucocorticoids, corticosterone (CORT), aldosterone (ALD), 11-dehydrocorticosterone (11-DHC), gonadal steroids, progesterone (P), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in plasma were unimodally fluctuated (ps < 0.001) along age with the maximum value at 2.7-month-old. In contrast, the other two gonadal steroids, estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) were declined with age (ps < 0.001). Differently, endocannabinoids, N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine (AEA) and 1-arachydonoyl glycerol (1-AG) showed nadir and zenith values at 2.7-month-old and 3.4-month-old, respectively (ps < 0.001). Additionally, the ratios of CORT to 11-DHC and ALD in plasma were dropped similarly with age (ps < 0.001). The ratios of 1-AG to AEA, and of T to A4 and DHT, and of DHEA to A4 were unimodally changed (ps < 0.001) along age with maximum value at 2.7- or 3.4-month-old. In contrast, the ratios of E2 to T and E1 to A4 were decreased with age (ps < 0.05). The rest six ratios that reflected the interactions among the three endocrine systems, were similar age-dependent and showed nadir and zenith values at 2.7-month-old and 3.4-month-old, respectively (ps < 0.05). Most importantly, these findings in light of age-related changing patterns in plasma were repeated in hair, suggesting that the fi41-ndings in the two matrices were mutually validated. However, it was worth noting that their magnitude of levels in the two bio-matrices were markedly different. The current findings could provide reliable hormone and endocannabinoid signatures with age on neuroendocrine profiles as well as their ratios for the male C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxi Chu
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Jia Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Haoran Yang
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Ahad Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, PR China; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Na Li
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Dongrui Zhou
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Huihua Deng
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.
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16
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Castonguay-Paradis S, Lacroix S, Rochefort G, Parent L, Perron J, Martin C, Lamarche B, Raymond F, Flamand N, Di Marzo V, Veilleux A. Dietary fatty acid intake and gut microbiota determine circulating endocannabinoidome signaling beyond the effect of body fat. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15975. [PMID: 32994521 PMCID: PMC7524791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoidome encompasses several fatty acid (FA)-derived mediators, including the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), which served as targets for anti-obesity drug development, and their congener N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and 2-monoacyl-glycerols (2‑MAGs), which are involved in food intake and energy metabolism. Body weight and fat distribution have been suggested as determinants of peripheral endocannabinoid levels. We aimed at investigating factors, beyond body fat composition, that are associated with circulating NAE and 2-MAG levels in a heterogeneous human population. Plasma NAEs and 2-MAGs were measured using LC–MS/MS in a cross-sectional sample of healthy men and women (n = 195) covering a wide range of BMI and individuals before and after a 2-day Mediterranean diet (n = 21). Circulating levels of all 2-MAGs and NAEs, other than N-oleoyl-ethanolamine (OEA), correlated with body fat mass and visceral adipose tissue (0.26 < r < 0.54). NAE levels were elevated in individuals with elevated fat mass, while 2-MAGs were increased in individuals with predominantly visceral body fat distribution. Dietary intakes of specific FAs were associated with 2-AG and omega-3-FA-derived NAEs or 2-MAGs, irrespective of the body fat distribution. Some gut bacterial families (e.g. Veillonellaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae and Akkermansiaceae) were associated with variations in most NAEs or omega-3-FA-derived 2‑MAGs, independently of fat mass and dietary FA intake. Finally, a 2-day Mediterranean diet intervention increased circulating levels of NAEs and 2-MAGs in agreement with changes in FA intake (p < 0.01). Self-reported intake and short-term dietary intervention increased in oleic acid and EPA and DHA intake as well as certain gut microbiota taxa are associated to circulating NAEs and 2‑MAGs independently of adiposity measures, thus highlighting the potential importance of these variables in determining endocannabinoidome signaling in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Castonguay-Paradis
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440, boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Lacroix
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440, boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Rochefort
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440, boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lydiane Parent
- École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Perron
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440, boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Cyril Martin
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440, boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Raymond
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440, boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440, boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Joint International Unit on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and Its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Pozzuoli, Italy.,Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Veilleux
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440, boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. .,École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. .,Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Disease-Specific Derangement of Circulating Endocannabinoids and N-Acylethanolamines in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093399. [PMID: 32403407 PMCID: PMC7246996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence highlights the endocannabinoid (EC) system involvement in cancer progression. Lipid mediators of this system are secreted by hematopoietic cells, including the ECs 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2AG) and arachidonoyl-ethanolamide (AEA), the 2AG metabolite 1AG, and members of N-acylethanolamine (NAE) family—palmitoyl-ethanolamide (PEA) and oleoyl-ethanolamide (OEA). However, the relevance of the EC system in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) was never investigated. We explored the EC plasma profile in 55 MPN patients, including myelofibrosis (MF; n = 41), polycythemia vera (PV; n = 9), and essential thrombocythemia (ET; n = 5) subclasses and in 10 healthy controls (HC). AEA, PEA, OEA, 2AG, and 1AG plasma levels were measured by LC–MS/MS. Overall considered, MPN patients displayed similar EC and NAE levels compared to HC. Nonetheless, AEA levels in MPN were directly associated with the platelet count. MF patients showed higher levels of the sum of 2AG and 1AG compared to ET and PV patients, higher OEA/AEA ratios compared to HC and ET patients, and higher OEA/PEA ratios compared to HC. Furthermore, the sum of 2AG and 1AG positively correlated with JAK2V617F variant allele frequency and splenomegaly in MF and was elevated in high-risk PV patients compared to in low-risk PV patients. In conclusion, our work revealed specific alterations of ECs and NAE plasma profile in MPN subclasses and potentially relevant associations with disease severity.
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Quarta C, Cota D. Anti-obesity therapy with peripheral CB1 blockers: from promise to safe(?) practice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:2179-2193. [PMID: 32317751 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological blockers of the cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1) have been considered for a long time as the holy grail of obesity pharmacotherapy. These agents were hastily released in the clinical setting, due to their clear-cut therapeutic efficacy. However, the first generation of these drugs, which were able to target both the brain and peripheral tissues, had serious neuropsychiatric effects, leading authorities to ban their clinical use. New peripherally restricted CB1 blockers, characterized by low brain penetrance, have been developed over the past 10 years. In preclinical studies, these molecules seem to overcome the neuropsychiatric negative effects previously observed with brain-penetrant CB1 inhibitors, while retaining or even outperforming their efficacy. The mechanisms of action of these peripherally restricted compounds are only beginning to emerge, and a balanced discussion of the risk/benefits ratio associated to their possible clinical use is urgently needed, in order to avoid repeating past mistakes. Here, we will critically discuss the advantages and the possible hidden threats associated with the use of peripheral CB1 blockers for the pharmacotherapy of obesity and its associated metabolic complications. We will address whether this novel pharmacological approach might 'compete' with current pharmacotherapies for obesity and diabetes, while also conceptualizing future CB1-based pharmacological trends that may significantly lower the risk/benefits ratio associated with the use of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Quarta
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France. .,University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Daniela Cota
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France. .,University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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Marques MS, Ferreira Freitas R, Araújo Veloso Popoff D, Piana Santos Lima de Oliveira F, Rodrigues Moreira MH, Araújo Drummond AM, Schmidt França D, Nogueira dos Santos LA, de Siqueira e Rocha ME, Brant Rocha JP, Brant Rocha MC, Santos Figueiredo Brito MF, Prates Caldeira A, Maria Borborema FA, Santos VM, Santos Brant Rocha J. Health conditions associated with overweight in climacteric women. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218497. [PMID: 31830047 PMCID: PMC6907811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the association between health conditions and overweight in climacteric women assisted by primary care professionals. It is a cross-sectional study conducted with 874 women from 40 to 65 years of age, selected by probabilistic sampling between August 2014 and August 2015. In addition to the outcome variable, overweight and obesity, other variables such as sociodemographic, reproductive, clinical, eating and behavioural factors were evaluated. Descriptive analyses of the variables investigated were performed to determine their frequency distributions. Then, bivariate analyses were performed through Poisson regression. For the multivariate analyses, hierarchical Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with overweight and obesity in the climacteric period. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 74%. Attending public school (PR: 1.30-95% CI 1.14-1.50), less schooling (PR: 1.11-95% CI 1.01-1.23), gout (PR: 1.18-95% CI 1.16-1.44), kidney disease (PR: 1.18-95% CI 1.05-1.32), metabolic syndrome (MS) (PR: 1.19-95% CI 1.05-1.34) and fat intake (PR: 1.12-95% CI 1.02-1.23) were considered risk factors for overweight. Having the first birth after 18 years of age (PR: 0.89-95% CI 0.82 to 0.97) was shown to be a protective factor for overweight and obesity. The presence of overweight and obesity is associated with sociodemographic, reproductive, clinical and eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Suzana Marques
- State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Fipmoc University Center (UNIFIPMoc), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Araújo Veloso Popoff
- State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Fipmoc University Center (UNIFIPMoc), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luís Antônio Nogueira dos Santos
- State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Fipmoc University Center (UNIFIPMoc), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Antônio Prates Caldeira
- State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Fipmoc University Center (UNIFIPMoc), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Josiane Santos Brant Rocha
- State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Fipmoc University Center (UNIFIPMoc), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Veilleux A, Di Marzo V, Silvestri C. The Expanded Endocannabinoid System/Endocannabinoidome as a Potential Target for Treating Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Diab Rep 2019; 19:117. [PMID: 31686231 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-019-1248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The endocannabinoid (eCB) system, i.e. the receptors that respond to the psychoactive component of cannabis, their endogenous ligands and the ligand metabolic enzymes, is part of a larger family of lipid signals termed the endocannabinoidome (eCBome). We summarize recent discoveries of the roles that the eCBome plays within peripheral tissues in diabetes, and how it is being targeted, in an effort to develop novel therapeutics for the treatment of this increasingly prevalent disease. RECENT FINDINGS As with the eCB system, many eCBome members regulate several physiological processes, including energy intake and storage, glucose and lipid metabolism and pancreatic health, which contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Preclinical studies increasingly support the notion that targeting the eCBome may beneficially affect T2D. The eCBome is implicated in T2D at several levels and in a variety of tissues, making this complex lipid signaling system a potential source of many potential therapeutics for the treatments for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Veilleux
- École de nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Canadian Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- École de nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Canadian Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Québec, Canada
- Institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Canadian Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Québec, Canada.
- Institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Department de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Johnson AA. Lipid Hydrolase Enzymes: Pragmatic Prolongevity Targets for Improved Human Healthspan? Rejuvenation Res 2019; 23:107-121. [PMID: 31426688 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2019.2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests that lipid metabolism, which plays critical roles in fat storage, cell membrane maintenance, and cell signaling, is intricately linked to aging. Lipid hydrolases are important enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of more complex lipids into simpler lipids. Diverse interventions targeting lipid hydrolases can prolong or shorten life in model organisms. For example, the genetic removal of or RNAi knockdown against a phospholipase can reduce lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Mus musculus. The removal of lysosomal acid lipase results in premature death in mice, while its overexpression in nematodes generates lean, long-lived individuals. The overexpression or inhibition of diacylglycerol lipase leads to enhanced or reduced longevity, respectively, in both worms and flies. Lifespan can also be extended by knocking down triacylglycerol lipases in yeast, overexpressing fatty acid amide hydrolase in worms, or removing hepatic lipase in a mouse model of coronary disease. Conversely, flies lacking the triacylglycerol lipase Brummer are obese and short lived. Linking sphingolipids and aging, removing the sphingomyelinase inositol phosphosphingolipid phospholipase shortens chronological lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while inhibiting an acid sphingomyelinase in worms or inactivating alkaline ceramidase in flies extends lifespan. The clinical potential of manipulating these enzymes is highlighted by the FDA-approved obesity drug orlistat, which is an inhibitor of pancreatic and hepatic lipases that induces weight loss and improves insulin/glucose homeostasis. Additional research is warranted to better understand how these lipid hydrolases impact aging and to determine if clinical interventions targeting them are capable of improving human healthspan.
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Lima AM, Rocha JSB, Reis VMCP, Silveira MF, Caldeira AP, Freitas RF, Popoff DAV. [Loss of quality of sleep and associated factors among menopausal women]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 24:2667-2678. [PMID: 31340284 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018247.19522017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of this article is to identify the prevalence of the loss of quality of sleep and associated factors among menopausal women. It is a quantitative, cross-sectional and analytical study, the variables of which were investigated by applying a structured/pre-tested questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index with 819 menopausal women cared for under the Family Health Strategy. Simple Poisson regression was used to screen the variables (p < 0.25). For multiple analysis, Poisson regression was used based on a hierarchical model, at a significance level of 5%. Loss of quality of sleep was identified in 67% of the sample. Variables such as advanced age (PR = 1.09; CI = 1.03-1.16), moderate and severe menopausal symptoms (PR = 1.18; CI = 1.10-1.27), moderate to severe anxiety (PR = 1.17; CI = 1.10-1.25), moderate to severe depression (PR = 1.08; CI = 1.01-1.15) and arthritis/arthrosis/rheumatism (PR = 1. 07; CI = 1.01 - 1.14) revealed statistically significant associations with loss of quality of sleep. The loss of quality of sleep was highly prevalent in the population studied. Factors associated with loss of quality of sleep were advanced age, moderate to severe menopausal symptoms, moderate to severe anxiety and depression, and the presence of arthritis/arthrosis/rheumatism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agamenon Monteiro Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cuidado Primário em Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Montes Claros (Unimontes). Av. Dr. Ruy Braga s/n, Vila Mauriceia. 39401-089 Montes Claros MG Brasil.
| | - Josiane Santos Brant Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cuidado Primário em Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Montes Claros (Unimontes). Av. Dr. Ruy Braga s/n, Vila Mauriceia. 39401-089 Montes Claros MG Brasil.
| | - Viviane Margareth Chaves Pereira Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cuidado Primário em Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Montes Claros (Unimontes). Av. Dr. Ruy Braga s/n, Vila Mauriceia. 39401-089 Montes Claros MG Brasil.
| | - Marise Fagundes Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cuidado Primário em Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Montes Claros (Unimontes). Av. Dr. Ruy Braga s/n, Vila Mauriceia. 39401-089 Montes Claros MG Brasil.
| | - Antônio Prates Caldeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cuidado Primário em Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Montes Claros (Unimontes). Av. Dr. Ruy Braga s/n, Vila Mauriceia. 39401-089 Montes Claros MG Brasil.
| | | | - Daniela Araújo Veloso Popoff
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cuidado Primário em Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Montes Claros (Unimontes). Av. Dr. Ruy Braga s/n, Vila Mauriceia. 39401-089 Montes Claros MG Brasil.
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23
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Miralpeix C, Fosch A, Casas J, Baena M, Herrero L, Serra D, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R, Casals N. Hypothalamic endocannabinoids inversely correlate with the development of diet-induced obesity in male and female mice. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1260-1269. [PMID: 31138606 PMCID: PMC6602126 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m092742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system regulates energy homeostasis and is linked to obesity development. However, the exact dynamic and regulation of eCBs in the hypothalamus during obesity progression remain incompletely described and understood. Our study examined the time course of responses in two hypothalamic eCBs, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), in male and female mice during diet-induced obesity and explored the association of eCB levels with changes in brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and body weight. We fed mice a high-fat diet (HFD), which induced a transient increase (substantial at 7 days) in hypothalamic eCBs, followed by a progressive decrease to basal levels with a long-term HFD. This transient rise at early stages of obesity is considered a physiologic compensatory response to BAT thermogenesis, which is activated by diet surplus. The eCB dynamic was sexually dimorphic: hypothalamic eCBs levels were higher in female mice, who became obese at later time points than males. The hypothalamic eCBs time course positively correlated with thermogenesis activation, but negatively matched body weight, leptinemia, and circulating eCB levels. Increased expression of eCB-synthetizing enzymes accompanied the transient hypothalamic eCB elevation. Icv injection of eCB did not promote BAT thermogenesis; however, administration of thermogenic molecules, such as central leptin or a peripheral β3-adrenoreceptor agonist, induced a significant increase in hypothalamic eCBs, suggesting a directional link from BAT thermogenesis to hypothalamic eCBs. This study contributes to the understanding of hypothalamic regulation of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Miralpeix
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Anna Fosch
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Department on Biomedical Chemistry, Research Unit of BioActive Molecules Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Baena
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosalía Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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24
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Watson JE, Kim JS, Das A. Emerging class of omega-3 fatty acid endocannabinoids & their derivatives. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 143:106337. [PMID: 31085370 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor activation is involved in homeostatic regulation of the body. These receptors are activated by cannabinoids, that include the active constituents of Cannabis sativa, as well as endocannabinoids (eCBs). The eCBs are endogenously synthesized from the omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The consumption of omega-3 fatty acids shifts the balance towards a higher proportion of omega-3 eCBs, whose physiological functions warrants further investigation. Herein, we review the discovery of omega-3 fatty acid derived eCBs that are generated from long chain omega-3 PUFAs - docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide (DHA-EA or synaptamide), docosahexanoyl-glycerol (DHG), eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide (EPA-EA) and eicosapentanoylglycerol (EPG). Furthermore, we outline the lesser known omega-3 eCB-like molecules that arise from the conjugation of omega-3 fatty acids with neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine - DHA-serotonin (DHA-5HT), DHA-dopamine (DHA-DA), EPA-serotonin (EPA-5HT) and EPA-dopamine (EPA-DA). Additionally, we describe the role of omega-3 eCBs and their derivatives in different disease states, such as pain, inflammation and cancer. Moreover, we detail the formation and potential physiological roles of the oxidative metabolites that arise from the metabolism of omega-3 eCBs by eicosanoid synthesizing enzymes - cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP450). In summary, we outline the novel findings regarding a growing class of signaling molecules that can control the physiological and pathophysiological processes in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin S Kim
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Aditi Das
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Urbana, IL 61802, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science, Neuroscience Program, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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25
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Laurikainen H, Tuominen L, Tikka M, Merisaari H, Armio RL, Sormunen E, Borgan F, Veronese M, Howes O, Haaparanta-Solin M, Solin O, Hietala J. Sex difference in brain CB1 receptor availability in man. Neuroimage 2018; 184:834-842. [PMID: 30296558 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has a widespread neuromodulatory function in the central nervous system and is involved in important aspects of brain function including brain development, cortical rhythms, plasticity, reward, and stress sensitivity. Many of these effects are mediated via the cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) subtype. Animal studies convincingly show an interaction between the ECS and sex hormones, as well as a sex difference of higher brain CB1R in males. Human in vivo studies of sex difference have yielded discrepant findings. Gender differences in CB1R availability were investigated in vivo in 11 male and 11 female healthy volunteers using a specific CB1R tracer [18F]FMPEP-d2 and positron emission tomography (PET). Regional [18F]FMPEP-d2 distribution volume was used as a proxy for CB1R availability. In addition, we explored whether CB1R availability is linked to neuropsychological functioning. Relative to females, CB1R availability was on average 41% higher in males (p = 0.002) with a regionally specific effect larger in the posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices (p = 0.001). Inter-subject variability in CB1R availability was similar in both groups. Voxel-based analyses revealed an inverse association between CB1R availability and visuospatial working memory task performance in both groups (p < 0.001). A CB1R sex difference with a large effect size was observed and should be considered in the design of CB1R-related studies on neuropsychiatric disorders. The behavioural correlates and clinical significance of this difference remain to be further elucidated, but our studies suggest an association between CB1R availability and working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Laurikainen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Tikka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | | | - Reetta-Liina Armio
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Elina Sormunen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Faith Borgan
- Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Oliver Howes
- Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | | | - Olof Solin
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland.
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26
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Souza ID, Hantao LW, Queiroz MEC. Polymeric ionic liquid open tubular capillary column for on-line in-tube SPME coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS to determine endocannabinoids in plasma samples. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1045:108-116. [PMID: 30454565 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript describes the development of wall-coated open tubular capillary column with polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) for on-line in-tube solid phase microextraction coupled with ultra high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (in-tube SPME/UHPLC-MS/MS) to determine anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2 A G) in plasma samples. Selective PILs were synthetized from the [VC6IM][Cl], [VC16IM][Br], and [(VIM)2C10]2 [Br] - ionic liquids - by in-situ thermal-initiated polymerization in a fused silica capillary column for in-tube SPME. The synthesis procedure was optimized, and the capillary columns were characterized using spectroscopic and chromatography techniques. The chemically bonded and cross-linked PIL-based sorbent phase (thickness coating: 1.7 μm) presented high chemical and mechanical stability. Among the sorbents evaluated, the PIL-based capillary, [VC16IM][Br]/[(VIM)2C10]2 [Br] presented the best performance with a sorption capacity of 37,311 ng cm-3 and 48,307 ng cm-3 for AEA and 2 A G, respectively. This capillary was reused more than ninety times without significant changes in extraction efficiency. The in-tube SPME-UHPLC-MS/MS method presented a linear range from 0.1 ng mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 for AEA, and from 0.05 ng mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 for 2 A G, with coefficients of determination higher than 0.99, p-value for Lack-of-fit test higher than 0.05 (α of 0.05), precision with coefficient of variation (CV) values ranging from 1.6 to 14.0% and accuracy with relative standard deviation (RSD) values from -19.6% to 13.2%. This method was successfully applied to determine AEA and 2 A G in plasma patients with Parkinson's disease. The concentrations in these plasma samples ranged from 0.14 to 0.46 ng mL-1 for AEA and from <0.05 ng mL-1 to 0.51 ng mL-1 for 2-AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel D Souza
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro W Hantao
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia C Queiroz
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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27
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Fanelli F, Mezzullo M, Repaci A, Belluomo I, Ibarra Gasparini D, Di Dalmazi G, Mastroroberto M, Vicennati V, Gambineri A, Morselli-Labate AM, Pasquali R, Pagotto U. Profiling plasma N-Acylethanolamine levels and their ratios as a biomarker of obesity and dysmetabolism. Mol Metab 2018; 14:82-94. [PMID: 29935920 PMCID: PMC6034062 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective N-acylethanolamines play different roles in energy balance; anandamide (AEA) stimulates energy intake and storage, N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) counters inflammation, and N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA) mediates anorectic signals and lipid oxidation. Inconsistencies in the association of plasma N-acylethanolamines with human obesity and cardiometabolic risk have emerged among previous studies, possibly caused by heterogeneous cohorts and designs, and by unstandardized N-acylethanolamine measurements. We aimed to characterize changes in the plasma profile, including N-acylethanolamine levels and ratios associated with obesity, menopause in women, and ageing in men, and to define the significance of such a profile as a biomarker for metabolic imbalance. Methods Adult, drug-free women (n = 103 premenopausal and n = 81 menopausal) and men (n = 144) were stratified according to the body mass index (BMI) into normal weight (NW; BMI: 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (OW; BMI: 25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (OB; BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2). Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were determined. Validated blood processing and analytical procedures for N-acylethanolamine measurements were used. We investigated the effect of BMI and menopause in women, and BMI and age in men, as well as the BMI-independent influence of metabolic parameters on the N-acylethanolamine profile. Results BMI and waist circumference directly associated with AEA in women and men, and with PEA in premenopausal women and in men, while BMI directly associated with OEA in premenopausal women and in men. BMI, in both genders, and waist circumference, in women only, inversely associated with PEA/AEA and OEA/AEA. Menopause increased N-acylethanolamine levels, whereas ageing resulted in increasing OEA relative abundance in men. AEA and OEA abundances in premenopausal, and PEA and OEA abundances in lean menopausal women, were directly associated with hypertension. Conversely, PEA and OEA abundances lowered with hypertension in elderly men. Insulin resistance was associated with changes in N-acylethanolamine ratios specific for premenopausal (reduced PEA/AEA and OEA/AEA), menopausal (reduced OEA/AEA) women and men (reduced OEA/AEA and OEA/PEA). PEA and OEA levels increased with total cholesterol, and OEA abundance specifically increased with HDL-cholesterol. Elevated triglyceride levels were associated with increased N-acylethanolamine levels only in menopausal women. Conclusions Obesity-related N-acylethanolamine hypertone is characterized by imbalanced N-acylethanolamine ratios. The profile given by a combination of N-acylethanolamine absolute levels and ratios enables imbalances to be identified in relationship with different metabolic parameters, with specific relevance according to gender, menopause and age, representing a useful means for monitoring metabolic health. Finally, N-acylethanolamine system appears a promising target for intervention strategies. Obesity is featured by plasma N-acylethanolamine excess and imbalanced ratios. AEA excess is a biomarker of abdominal fat irrespectively of sex and menopause/age. PEA and OEA protect from hypertension in gender and menopause/age specific fashion. AEA excess in women and OEA deficiency in men are biomarkers of insulin resistance. High AEA in men and low OEA in men and menopausal women reflect low HDL-cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Fanelli
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Mezzullo
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Repaci
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Belluomo
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniela Ibarra Gasparini
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Guido Di Dalmazi
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marianna Mastroroberto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Valentina Vicennati
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Gambineri
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Antonio Maria Morselli-Labate
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Renato Pasquali
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
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