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Wang J, Zhu H, Li H, Xia S, Zhang F, Liu C, Zheng W, Yao W. Metabolic and microbial mechanisms related to the effects of dietary wheat levels on intramuscular fat content in finishing pigs. Meat Sci 2024; 216:109574. [PMID: 38909450 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the metabolic and microbial mechanisms behind the effects of dietary wheat levels on intramuscular fat (IMF) content in the psoas major muscle (PM) of finishing pigs. Thirty-six barrows were arbitrarily assigned to two groups and fed with diets containing 25% or 55% wheat. Enhancing dietary wheat levels led to low energy states, resulting in reduced IMF content. This coincided with reduced serum glucose and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The AMP-activated protein kinase α2/sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α pathway may be activated by high-wheat diets, causing downregulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis genes, and upregulation of lipolysis and gluconeogenesis genes. High-wheat diets decreased relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Coprococcus, whereas increased SMB53 proportion, subsequently decreasing colonic propionate content. Microbial glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, d-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, flagellar assembly, and caprolactam degradation were linked to IMF content. Metabolomic analysis indicated that enhancing dietary wheat levels promoted the protein digestion and absorption and affected amino acids and lipid metabolism. Enhancing dietary wheat levels reduced serum glucose and colonic propionate content, coupled with strengthened amino acid metabolism, contributing to the low energy states. Furthermore, alterations in microbial composition and propionate resulted from high-wheat diets were associated with primary bile acid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, as well as IMF content. Colonic microbiota played a role in reducing IMF content through modulating the propionate-mediated peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor signaling pathway. In conclusion, body energy and gut microbiota balance collectively influenced lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiguang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - He Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Haojie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Shuangshuang Xia
- Anyou Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Anyou Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, China
| | - Chunxue Liu
- Anyou Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, China
| | - Weijiang Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Wen Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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2
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Sarver DC, Xu C, Velez LM, Aja S, Jaffe AE, Seldin MM, Reeves RH, Wong GW. Dysregulated systemic metabolism in a Down syndrome mouse model. Mol Metab 2023; 68:101666. [PMID: 36587842 PMCID: PMC9841171 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trisomy 21 is one of the most complex genetic perturbations compatible with postnatal survival. Dosage imbalance arising from the triplication of genes on human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) affects multiple organ systems. Much of Down syndrome (DS) research, however, has focused on addressing how aneuploidy dysregulates CNS function leading to cognitive deficit. Although obesity, diabetes, and associated sequelae such as fatty liver and dyslipidemia are well documented in the DS population, only limited studies have been conducted to determine how gene dosage imbalance affects whole-body metabolism. Here, we conduct a comprehensive and systematic analysis of key metabolic parameters across different physiological states in the Ts65Dn trisomic mouse model of DS. METHODS Ts65Dn mice and euploid littermates were subjected to comprehensive metabolic phenotyping under basal (chow-fed) state and the pathophysiological state of obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). RNA sequencing of liver, skeletal muscle, and two major fat depots were conducted to determine the impact of aneuploidy on tissue transcriptome. Pathway enrichments, gene-centrality, and key driver estimates were performed to provide insights into tissue autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms contributing to the dysregulation of systemic metabolism. RESULTS Under the basal state, chow-fed Ts65Dn mice of both sexes had elevated locomotor activity and energy expenditure, reduced fasting serum cholesterol levels, and mild glucose intolerance. Sexually dimorphic deterioration in metabolic homeostasis became apparent when mice were challenged with a high-fat diet. While obese Ts65Dn mice of both sexes exhibited dyslipidemia, male mice also showed impaired systemic insulin sensitivity, reduced mitochondrial activity, and elevated fibrotic and inflammatory gene signatures in the liver and adipose tissue. Systems-level analysis highlighted conserved pathways and potential endocrine drivers of adipose-liver crosstalk that contribute to dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS A combined alteration in the expression of trisomic and disomic genes in peripheral tissues contribute to metabolic dysregulations in Ts65Dn mice. These data lay the groundwork for understanding the impact of aneuploidy on in vivo metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan C Sarver
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leandro M Velez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Susan Aja
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Roger H Reeves
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Duong-Quy S, Nguyen-Huu H, Hoang-Chau-Bao D, Tran-Duc S, Nguyen-Thi-Hong L, Nguyen-Duy T, Tang-Thi-Thao T, Phan C, Bui-Diem K, Vu-Tran-Thien Q, Nguyen-Ngoc-Phuong T, Nguyen-Nhu V, Le-Thi-Minh H, Craig T. Personalized Medicine and Obstructive Sleep Apnea. J Pers Med 2022; 12:2034. [PMID: 36556255 PMCID: PMC9781564 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disease that is often under-diagnosed and under-treated in all ages. This is due to differences in morphology, diversity in clinical phenotypes, and differences in diagnosis and treatment of OSA in children and adults, even among individuals of the same age. Therefore, a personalized medicine approach to diagnosis and treatment of OSA is necessary for physicians in clinical practice. In children and adults without serious underlying medical conditions, polysomnography at sleep labs may be an inappropriate and inconvenient testing modality compared to home sleep apnea testing. In addition, the apnea-hypopnea index should not be considered as a single parameter for making treatment decisions. Thus, the treatment of OSA should be personalized and based on individual tolerance to sleep-quality-related parameters measured by the microarousal index, harmful effects of OSA on the cardiovascular system related to severe hypoxia, and patients' comorbidities. The current treatment options for OSA include lifestyle modification, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, oral appliance, surgery, and other alternative treatments. CPAP therapy has been recommended as a cornerstone treatment for moderate-to-severe OSA in adults. However, not all patients can afford or tolerate CPAP therapy. This narrative review seeks to describe the current concepts and relevant approaches towards personalized management of patients with OSA, according to pathophysiology, cluster analysis of clinical characteristics, adequate combined therapy, and the consideration of patients' expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sy Duong-Quy
- Sleep Lab Centre, Lam Dong Medical College, Dalat City 0263, Vietnam
- Immuno-Allergology Division, Hershey Medical Center, Penn State Medical College, Hershey, PA 15747, USA
- Sleep Lab Unit, Outpatient Department, Pham Ngoc Thach Medical University, Ho Chi Minh City 0028, Vietnam
- Department of Respiratory Functional Exploration, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 0028, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Nguyen-Huu
- Medical Education Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 0028, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Hoang-Chau-Bao
- Sleep Lab Unit, Outpatient Department, Pham Ngoc Thach Medical University, Ho Chi Minh City 0028, Vietnam
| | - Si Tran-Duc
- Sleep Lab Unit, Outpatient Department, Pham Ngoc Thach Medical University, Ho Chi Minh City 0028, Vietnam
| | - Lien Nguyen-Thi-Hong
- Immuno-Allergology Department, Hai Phong Medical University, Hai Phong City 0225, Vietnam
| | - Thai Nguyen-Duy
- National Institute for Control of Vaccines and Biologicals, Ministry of Health, Hanoi City 0024, Vietnam
| | | | - Chandat Phan
- Immuno-Allergology Division, Hershey Medical Center, Penn State Medical College, Hershey, PA 15747, USA
| | - Khue Bui-Diem
- Department of Physiology-Pathophysiology-Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 0028, Vietnam
| | - Quan Vu-Tran-Thien
- Department of Respiratory Functional Exploration, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 0028, Vietnam
- Department of Physiology-Pathophysiology-Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 0028, Vietnam
| | - Thu Nguyen-Ngoc-Phuong
- Sleep Lab Unit, Outpatient Department, Pham Ngoc Thach Medical University, Ho Chi Minh City 0028, Vietnam
| | - Vinh Nguyen-Nhu
- Department of Respiratory Functional Exploration, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 0028, Vietnam
| | - Huong Le-Thi-Minh
- Pediatric Centre, Vinmec Times City International Hospital, Hanoi City 0024, Vietnam
| | - Timothy Craig
- Sleep Lab Centre, Lam Dong Medical College, Dalat City 0263, Vietnam
- Immuno-Allergology Division, Hershey Medical Center, Penn State Medical College, Hershey, PA 15747, USA
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Kim HJ, Lee DE, Park EC, Ra MJ, Jung SM, Yu JN, Um SH, Kim KH. Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Salicortin from the Twigs of Weeping Willow (Salix pseudolasiogyne) in 3T3-L1 Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206954. [PMID: 36296558 PMCID: PMC9609119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salix pseudolasiogyne (Salicaceae), the “weeping willow,” has been used in traditional Korean medicine to treat pain and fever due to its high concentrations of salicylic acid and salicin. The present study investigated bioactive compounds from S. pseudolasiogyne twigs to discover bioactive natural products. Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol (EtOH) extract of S. pseudolasiogyne twigs followed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based analysis led to the isolation of two salicin derivatives, salicortinol and salicortin, the structures of which were determined by interpretation of their NMR spectra and data from the LC/MS analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of salicortinol isolated from S. pseudolasiogyne. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-adipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 cells. Both salicortinol and salicortin were found to significantly inhibit adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. In particular, salicortin exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation. Furthermore, salicortin inhibited the expression of lipogenic and adipogenic transcription factors, including FASN, FABP4, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, and PPARγ, without inducing cytotoxicity. These results suggest that salicortin could be a potential therapeutic compound for the prevention or treatment of metabolic disorders such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Da Eun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Eon Chung Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Moon-Jin Ra
- Hongcheon Institute of Medicinal Herb, Hongcheon-gun 25142, Korea
| | - Sang-Mi Jung
- Hongcheon Institute of Medicinal Herb, Hongcheon-gun 25142, Korea
| | - Jeong-Nam Yu
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Um
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Biomedical Institute Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.U.); (K.H.K.); Tel.: +82-31-299-6123 (S.H.U.); +82-31-290-7700 (K.H.K.)
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.U.); (K.H.K.); Tel.: +82-31-299-6123 (S.H.U.); +82-31-290-7700 (K.H.K.)
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Shi MY, Bang IH, Han CY, Lee DH, Park BH, Bae EJ. Statin suppresses sirtuin 6 through miR-495, increasing FoxO1-dependent hepatic gluconeogenesis. Theranostics 2020; 10:11416-11427. [PMID: 33052223 PMCID: PMC7545997 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Statin, the most widely used medication in lowering cholesterol, is also associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, but its molecular basis remains unclear. Methods: Mice were injected intraperitoneally with statins alone or in combination with sirtuin (Sirt) 6 activator, and blood glucose levels were measured. Liver tissues from patients with statin use were analyzed for the expression of Sirt6. Results: Statin treatment up-regulated the hepatic expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase, which was prevented by Sirt6 overexpression. Mechanistically, statin directly repressed Sirt6 expression by induction of microRNA (miR)-495, a novel inhibitor of Sirt6. Pathway analysis for predicted target genes of miR-495 recognized forkhead box protein (Fox)O1 as a key downstream signaling of Sirt6. Statin treatment increased the acetylation and protein stability of FoxO1, which was suppressed by Sirt6 overexpression. Inhibiting miR-495 recovered Sirt6 levels, blocking the ability of statin to increase FoxO1 mediated gluconeogenesis, and thus confirming the role of the miR-495/Sirt6/FoxO1 pathway in controlling gluconeogenesis. Moreover, the Sirt6 activator MDL801 prevented gluconeogenesis and hyperglycemia induced by statin in mice. Equally noteworthy was that human liver tissues obtained from statin users showed a significant decrease in Sirt6 protein levels compared to those of non-users. Conclusion: Statin induces miR-495 to suppress Sirt6 expression, which leads to enhancement of FoxO1-mediated hepatic gluconeogenesis. Thus, Sirt6 activation may offer a promising strategy for preventing statin-induced hyperglycemia.
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Dierssen M, Fructuoso M, Martínez de Lagrán M, Perluigi M, Barone E. Down Syndrome Is a Metabolic Disease: Altered Insulin Signaling Mediates Peripheral and Brain Dysfunctions. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:670. [PMID: 32733190 PMCID: PMC7360727 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent chromosomal abnormality that causes intellectual disability, resulting from the presence of an extra complete or segment of chromosome 21 (HSA21). In addition, trisomy of HSA21 contributes to altered energy metabolism that appears to be a strong determinant in the development of pathological phenotypes associated with DS. Alterations include, among others, mitochondrial defects, increased oxidative stress levels, impaired glucose, and lipid metabolism, finally resulting in reduced energy production and cellular dysfunctions. These molecular defects seem to account for a high incidence of metabolic disorders, i.e., diabetes and/or obesity, as well as a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in DS. A dysregulation of the insulin signaling with reduced downstream pathways represents a common pathophysiological aspect in the development of both peripheral and central alterations leading to diabetes/obesity and AD. This is further strengthened by evidence showing that the molecular mechanisms responsible for such alterations appear to be similar between peripheral organs and brain. Considering that DS subjects are at high risk to develop either peripheral or brain metabolic defects, this review will discuss current knowledge about the link between trisomy of HSA21 and defects of insulin and insulin-related pathways in DS. Drawing the molecular signature underlying these processes in DS is a key challenge to identify novel drug targets and set up new prevention strategies aimed to reduce the impact of metabolic disorders and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Dierssen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Fructuoso
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Martínez de Lagrán
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Growth hormone increases regulator of calcineurin 1-4 (Rcan1-4) mRNA through c-JUN in rat liver. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235270. [PMID: 32589657 PMCID: PMC7319343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) activates multiple signal transduction pathways. To investigate these pathways, we identified novel genes whose transcription was induced by GH in the liver of hypophysectomized (HPX) rats using the suppression subtractive hybridization technique. We found that regulator of calcineurin 1 (Rcan1) mRNA was upregulated by GH administration. RCAN1 regulates the activity of calcineurin, a Ca/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase. Rcan1 encodes two major transcripts, Rcan1-1 and Rcan1-4, resulting from differential promoter use and first exon choice. We found that a single injection of GH increased the levels of Rcan1-4 mRNA and RCAN1-4 protein transiently, but did not increase Rcan1-1 mRNA in HPX rat liver. Then the molecular mechanism of GH to induce Rcan1-4 transcription was examined in rat hepatoma H4IIE cells. Experiments using inhibitors suggested that c-JUN N-terminal kinase was required for the induction of Rcan1-4 mRNA by GH. GH increased the levels of phosphorylated c-JUN protein and c-Jun mRNA in HPX rat liver. The luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that c-JUN upregulated Rcan1-4 mRNA by binding to the cAMP-responsive element in the upstream of Rcan1 exon 4. These results indicate that GH activates c-JUN to affect the activity of calcineurin by the induction of Rcan1-4 in rat liver.
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