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Moon S, Lim JY, Lee M, Han Y, Kim H, Kwon W, Jang JY, Kim MN, Park KS, Jung HS. Glucolipotoxicity Suppressed Autophagy and Insulin Contents in Human Islets, and Attenuation of PERK Activity Enhanced Them in an ATG7-Dependent Manner. Diabetes Metab J 2024; 48:231-241. [PMID: 37670417 PMCID: PMC10995495 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Administration of pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase inhibitor (PERKi) improved insulin secretion and hyperglycemia in obese diabetic mice. In this study, autophagic balance was studied whether to mediate it. METHODS Human islets were isolated from living patients without diabetes. PERKi GSK2606414 effects were evaluated in the islets under glucolipotoxicity by palmitate. Islet insulin contents and secretion were measured. Autophagic flux was assessed by microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) conversion, a red fluorescent protein (RFP)-green fluorescent protein (GFP)- LC3 tandem assay, and P62 levels. For mechanical analyses, autophagy was suppressed using 3-methyladenine in mouse islets. Small interfering RNA for an autophagy-related gene autophagy related 7 (Atg7) was transfected to interfere autophagy. RESULTS PERKi administration to mice decreased diabetes-induced P62 levels in the islets. Glucolipotoxicity significantly increased PERK phosphorylation by 70% and decreased insulin contents by 50% in human islets, and addition of PERKi (40 to 80 nM) recovered both. PERKi also enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (6-fold). PERKi up-regulated LC3 conversion suppressed by glucolipotoxicity, and down-regulated P62 contents without changes in P62 transcription, indicating enhanced autophagic flux. Increased autophagosome-lysosome fusion by PERKi was visualized in mouse islets, where PERKi enhanced ATG7 bound to LC3. Suppression of Atg7 eliminated PERKi-induced insulin contents and secretion. CONCLUSION This study provided functional changes of human islets with regard to autophagy under glucolipotoxicity, and suggested modulation of autophagy as an anti-diabetic mechanism of PERKi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoil Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mirang Lee
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngmin Han
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hongbeom Kim
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wooil Kwon
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Na Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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2
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Wang Z, Zhang G, Fu J, Li G, Zhao Z, Choe H, Ding K, Ma J, Wei J, Shang D, Zhang L. Mechanism exploration and biomarker identification of glycemic deterioration in patients with diseases of the exocrine pancreas. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4374. [PMID: 38388766 PMCID: PMC10883946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52956-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The damage to the endocrine pancreas among patients with diseases of the exocrine pancreas (DP) leads to reduced glycemic deterioration, ultimately resulting in diabetes of the exocrine pancreas (DEP). The present research aims to investigate the mechanism responsible for glycemic deterioration in DP patients, and to identify useful biomarkers, with the ultimate goal of enhancing clinical practice awareness. Gene expression profiles of patients with DP in this study were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The original study defines DP patients to belong in one of three categories: non-diabetic (ND), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and DEP, which correspond to normoglycemia, early and late glycemic deterioration, respectively. After ensuring quality control, the discovery cohort included 8 ND, 20 IGT, and 12 DEP, while the validation cohort included 27 ND, 15 IGT, and 20 DEP. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) employed differentially expressed genes (DEGs), while immunocyte infiltration was determined using single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Additionally, correlation analysis was conducted to establish the link between clinical characteristics and immunocyte infiltration. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and random forest combined to identify biomarkers indicating glycemic deterioration in DP patients. These biomarkers were further validated through independent cohorts and animal experiments. With glycemic deterioration, biological processes in the pancreatic islets such as nutrient metabolism and complex immune responses are disrupted in DP patients. The expression of ACOT4, B2M, and ACKR2 was upregulated, whereas the expression of CACNA1F was downregulated. Immunocyte infiltration in the islet microenvironment showed a significant positive correlation with the age, body mass index (BMI), HbA1c and glycemia at the 2-h of patients. It was a crucial factor in glycemic deterioration. Additionally, B2M demonstrated a significant positive correlation with immunocyte infiltration and clinical features. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting confirmed the upregulation in B2M. Immunofluorescent staining suggested the alteration of B2M was mainly in the alpha cells and beta cells. Overall, the study showed that gradually increased immunocyte infiltration was a significant contributor to glycemic deterioration in patients with DP, and it also highlighted B2M as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology II, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Jixian Fu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Guangxing Li
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zhihao Zhao
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - HyokChol Choe
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Sinuiju Medical University, Sinuiju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kaiyue Ding
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Junnan Ma
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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3
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Cohrs CM, Chen C, Atkinson MA, Drotar DM, Speier S. Bridging the Gap: Pancreas Tissue Slices From Organ and Tissue Donors for the Study of Diabetes Pathogenesis. Diabetes 2024; 73:11-22. [PMID: 38117999 PMCID: PMC10784654 DOI: 10.2337/dbi20-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, increased availability of human pancreatic tissues has allowed for major expansions in our understanding of islet biology in health and disease. Indeed, studies of fixed and frozen pancreatic tissues, as well as efforts using viable isolated islets obtained from organ donors, have provided significant insights toward our understanding of diabetes. However, the procedures associated with islet isolation result in distressed cells that have been removed from any surrounding influence. The pancreas tissue slice technology was developed as an in situ approach to overcome certain limitations associated with studies on isolated islets or fixed tissue. In this Perspective, we discuss the value of this novel platform and review how pancreas tissue slices, within a short time, have been integrated in numerous studies of rodent and human islet research. We show that pancreas tissue slices allow for investigations in a less perturbed organ tissue environment, ranging from cellular processes, over peri-islet modulations, to tissue interactions. Finally, we discuss the considerations and limitations of this technology in its future applications. We believe the pancreas tissue slices will help bridge the gap between studies on isolated islets and cells to the systemic conditions by providing new insight into physiological and pathophysiological processes at the organ level. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS Human pancreas tissue slices represent a novel platform to study human islet biology in close to physiological conditions. Complementary to established technologies, such as isolated islets, single cells, and histological sections, pancreas tissue slices help bridge our understanding of islet physiology and pathophysiology from single cell to intact organ. Diverse sources of viable human pancreas tissue, each with distinct characteristics to be considered, are available to use in tissue slices for the study of diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M. Cohrs
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Munich at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chunguang Chen
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Munich at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mark A. Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL
| | - Denise M. Drotar
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL
| | - Stephan Speier
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Munich at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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4
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Gloyn AL, Ibberson M, Marchetti P, Powers AC, Rorsman P, Sander M, Solimena M. Every islet matters: improving the impact of human islet research. Nat Metab 2022; 4:970-977. [PMID: 35953581 PMCID: PMC11135339 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Detailed characterization of human pancreatic islets is key to elucidating the pathophysiology of all forms of diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes. However, access to human pancreatic islets is limited. Pancreatic tissue for islet retrieval can be obtained from brain-dead organ donors or from individuals undergoing pancreatectomy, often referred to as 'living donors'. Different protocols for human islet procurement can substantially impact islet function. This variability, coupled with heterogeneity between individuals and islets, results in analytical challenges to separate genuine disease pathology or differences between human donors from experimental noise. There are currently no international guidelines for human donor phenotyping, islet procurement and functional characterization. This lack of standardization means that substantial investments from multiple international efforts towards improved understanding of diabetes pathology cannot be fully leveraged. In this Perspective, we overview the status of the field of human islet research, highlight the challenges and propose actions that could accelerate research progress and increase understanding of type 2 diabetes to slow its pandemic spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Gloyn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology & Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Metabolic Physiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Maike Sander
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michele Solimena
- Department of Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden and German Center for Diabetes Resaerch (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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5
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Moon S, Jung HS. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Dysregulated Autophagy in Human Pancreatic Beta Cells. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:533-542. [PMID: 35929171 PMCID: PMC9353561 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cell homeostasis is crucial for the synthesis and secretion of insulin; disruption of homeostasis causes diabetes, and is a treatment target. Adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the unfolded protein response (UPR) and adequate regulation of autophagy, which are closely linked, play essential roles in this homeostasis. In diabetes, the UPR and autophagy are dysregulated, which leads to beta cell failure and death. Various studies have explored methods to preserve pancreatic beta cell function and mass by relieving ER stress and regulating autophagic activity. To promote clinical translation of these research results to potential therapeutics for diabetes, we summarize the current knowledge on ER stress and autophagy in human insulin-secreting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoil Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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6
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Alonso L, Piron A, Morán I, Guindo-Martínez M, Bonàs-Guarch S, Atla G, Miguel-Escalada I, Royo R, Puiggròs M, Garcia-Hurtado X, Suleiman M, Marselli L, Esguerra JLS, Turatsinze JV, Torres JM, Nylander V, Chen J, Eliasson L, Defrance M, Amela R, Mulder H, Gloyn AL, Groop L, Marchetti P, Eizirik DL, Ferrer J, Mercader JM, Cnop M, Torrents D. TIGER: The gene expression regulatory variation landscape of human pancreatic islets. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109807. [PMID: 34644572 PMCID: PMC8864863 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified hundreds of signals associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). To gain insight into their underlying molecular mechanisms, we have created the translational human pancreatic islet genotype tissue-expression resource (TIGER), aggregating >500 human islet genomic datasets from five cohorts in the Horizon 2020 consortium T2DSystems. We impute genotypes using four reference panels and meta-analyze cohorts to improve the coverage of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and develop a method to combine allele-specific expression across samples (cASE). We identify >1 million islet eQTLs, 53 of which colocalize with T2D signals. Among them, a low-frequency allele that reduces T2D risk by half increases CCND2 expression. We identify eight cASE colocalizations, among which we found a T2D-associated SLC30A8 variant. We make all data available through the TIGER portal (http://tiger.bsc.es), which represents a comprehensive human islet genomic data resource to elucidate how genetic variation affects islet function and translates into therapeutic insight and precision medicine for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Alonso
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Anthony Piron
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium; Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB2), Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Ignasi Morán
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Marta Guindo-Martínez
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Sílvia Bonàs-Guarch
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Barcelona 08013, Spain
| | - Goutham Atla
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Barcelona 08013, Spain
| | - Irene Miguel-Escalada
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Barcelona 08013, Spain
| | - Romina Royo
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Montserrat Puiggròs
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Xavier Garcia-Hurtado
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Barcelona 08013, Spain
| | - Mara Suleiman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and AOUP Cisanello University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and AOUP Cisanello University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Jonathan L S Esguerra
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | | | - Jason M Torres
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Vibe Nylander
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Ji Chen
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Matthieu Defrance
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Ramon Amela
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| | - Anna L Gloyn
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Stanford Diabetes Research Centre, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leif Groop
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö 214 28, Sweden; Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö 214 28, Sweden; Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and AOUP Cisanello University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium; WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08003, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Barcelona 08013, Spain; Section of Epigenomics and Disease, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona 08034, Spain; Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium; Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium.
| | - David Torrents
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona 08034, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain.
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7
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Wigger L, Barovic M, Brunner AD, Marzetta F, Schöniger E, Mehl F, Kipke N, Friedland D, Burdet F, Kessler C, Lesche M, Thorens B, Bonifacio E, Legido-Quigley C, Barbier Saint Hilaire P, Delerive P, Dahl A, Klose C, Gerl MJ, Simons K, Aust D, Weitz J, Distler M, Schulte AM, Mann M, Ibberson M, Solimena M. Multi-omics profiling of living human pancreatic islet donors reveals heterogeneous beta cell trajectories towards type 2 diabetes. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1017-1031. [PMID: 34183850 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Most research on human pancreatic islets is conducted on samples obtained from normoglycaemic or diseased brain-dead donors and thus cannot accurately describe the molecular changes of pancreatic islet beta cells as they progress towards a state of deficient insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we conduct a comprehensive multi-omics analysis of pancreatic islets obtained from metabolically profiled pancreatectomized living human donors stratified along the glycemic continuum, from normoglycemia to T2D. We find that islet pools isolated from surgical samples by laser-capture microdissection display remarkably more heterogeneous transcriptomic and proteomic profiles in patients with diabetes than in non-diabetic controls. The differential regulation of islet gene expression is already observed in prediabetic individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. Our findings demonstrate a progressive, but disharmonic, remodelling of mature beta cells, challenging current hypotheses of linear trajectories toward precursor or transdifferentiation stages in T2D. Furthermore, through integration of islet transcriptomics with preoperative blood plasma lipidomics, we define the relative importance of gene coexpression modules and lipids that are positively or negatively associated with HbA1c levels, pointing to potential prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonore Wigger
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marko Barovic
- Department of Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Flavia Marzetta
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eyke Schöniger
- Department of Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florence Mehl
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Kipke
- Department of Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Friedland
- Department of Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frederic Burdet
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camille Kessler
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Lesche
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ezio Bonifacio
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Faculty of Medicine and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Philippe Delerive
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Pôle d'Innovation Thérapeutique Métabolisme, Suresnes, France
| | - Andreas Dahl
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Daniela Aust
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- NCT Biobank Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marius Distler
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anke M Schulte
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Diabetes Research, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Michele Solimena
- Department of Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.
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8
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Arrojo E Drigo R, Roy B, MacDonald PE. Molecular and functional profiling of human islets: from heterogeneity to human phenotypes. Diabetologia 2020; 63:2095-2101. [PMID: 32894320 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to phenotype pancreatic islets have contributed tremendously to our present understanding of endocrine function and diabetes. A continued evolution in approaches to study islet physiology is important given the need to establish reference points for mature islet functionality, understanding biological variation amongst individuals and cells, and the ongoing appreciation of the role for islets in diabetes susceptibility. Recent efforts in islet biology have focused on technological improvements in imaging, molecular profiling and data analysis, along with a push for enhanced transparency and reporting. The integration of these approaches within a classical islet physiology framework, and approaches to link these data with in vivo human phenotypes, will be critical as we move towards a better understanding of islet function in health and disease. Here we discuss what we feel are important issues and useful approaches to consider as we move forward as a field in islet and beta cell phenotyping. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Arrojo E Drigo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Birbickram Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, LKS Centre, University of Alberta, Rm. 6-112, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, LKS Centre, University of Alberta, Rm. 6-112, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.
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Campbell SA, Golec DP, Hubert M, Johnson J, Salamon N, Barr A, MacDonald PE, Philippaert K, Light PE. Human islets contain a subpopulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 secreting α cells that is increased in type 2 diabetes. Mol Metab 2020; 39:101014. [PMID: 32413586 PMCID: PMC7260680 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Our study shows that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is secreted within human islets and may play an unexpectedly important paracrine role in islet physiology and pathophysiology. It is known that α cells within rodent and human pancreatic islets are capable of secreting GLP-1, but little is known about the functional role that islet-derived GLP-1 plays in human islets. Methods We used flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, perifusions, and calcium imaging techniques to analyse GLP-1 expression and function in islets isolated from cadaveric human donors with or without type 2 diabetes. We also used immunohistochemistry to analyse GLP-1 expression within islets from pancreatic biopsies obtained from living donors. Results We have demonstrated that human islets secrete ∼50-fold more GLP-1 than murine islets and that ∼40% of the total human α cells contain GLP-1. Our results also confirm that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is expressed in α cells. Sitagliptin increased GLP-1 secretion from cultured human islets but did not enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in islets from non-diabetic (ND) or type 2 diabetic (T2D) donors, suggesting that β cell GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) may already be maximally activated. Therefore, we tested the effects of exendin-9, a GLP-1R antagonist. Exendin-9 was shown to reduce GSIS by 39% and 61% in ND islets and T2D islets, respectively. We also observed significantly more GLP-1+ α cells in T2D islets compared with ND islets obtained from cadaveric donors. Furthermore, GLP-1+ α cells were also identified in pancreatic islet sections obtained from living donors undergoing surgery. Conclusions In summary, we demonstrated that human islets secrete robust amounts of GLP-1 from an α cell subpopulation and that GLP-1R signalling may support GSIS to a greater extent in T2D islets. Here we show that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is secreted from a subpopulation of α cells within human islets. Human islets secrete ∼50-fold more GLP-1 than murine islets and that ∼40% of the total human α cells contain GLP-1. We observed significantly more GLP-1+ α cells in islets from donors with type 2 diabetes than in islets from donors with no diabetes. GLP-1+ α cells can also be detected in pancreatic islet sections obtained from living donors undergoing surgery. GLP-1 receptor signaling may support insulin secretion to a greater extent in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Campbell
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Dominic P Golec
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Matt Hubert
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Janyne Johnson
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicole Salamon
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Amy Barr
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Koenraad Philippaert
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter E Light
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada.
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