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Xiao MH, Wu S, Liang P, Ma D, Zhang J, Chen H, Zhong Z, Liu J, Jiang H, Feng X, Luo Z. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells promote ductular reaction through amphiregulin in biliary atresia. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105138. [PMID: 38678809 PMCID: PMC11077624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary atresia (BA) is a neonatal fibro-inflammatory cholangiopathy with ductular reaction as a key pathogenic feature predicting poor survival. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are enriched in human liver and display multiple roles in liver diseases. We aimed to investigate the function of MAIT cells in BA. METHODS First, we analyzed correlations between liver MAIT cell and clinical parameters (survival, alanine transaminase, bilirubin, histological inflammation and fibrosis) in two public cohorts of patients with BA (US and China). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and spearman correlation analysis were employed for survival data and other clinical parameters, respectively. Next, we obtained liver samples or peripheral blood from BA and control patients for bulk RNA sequencing, flow cytometry analysis, immunostaning and functional experiments of MAIT cells. Finally, we established two in vitro co-culture systems, one is the rhesus rotavirus (RRV) infected co-culture system to model immune dysfunction of human BA which was validated by single cell RNA sequencing and the other is a multicellular system composed of biliary organoids, LX-2 and MAIT cells to evaluate the role of MAIT cells on ductular reaction. FINDINGS Liver MAIT cells in BA were positively associated with low survival and ductular reaction. Moreover, liver MAIT cells were activated, exhibited a wound healing signature and highly expressed growth factor Amphiregulin (AREG) in a T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent manner. Antagonism of AREG abrogated the proliferative effect of BA MAIT cells on both cholangiocytes and biliary organoids. A RRV infected co-culture system, recapitulated immune dysfunction of human BA, disclosed that RRV-primed MAIT cells promoted cholangiocyte proliferation via AREG, and further induced inflammation and fibrosis in the multicellular system. INTERPRETATION MAIT cells exhibit a wound healing signature depending on TCR signaling and promote ductular reaction via AREG, which is associated with advanced fibrosis and predictive of low survival in BA. FUNDING This work was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China grant (82001589 and 92168108), National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFA1801600) and by Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong (2020A1515110921).
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Huan Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Sihan Wu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Peishi Liang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Dong Ma
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Huadong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Zhihai Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Juncheng Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Xuyang Feng
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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2
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Krawic JR, Ladd NA, Cansler M, McMurtrey C, Devereaux J, Worley A, Ahmed T, Froyd C, Kulicke CA, Swarbrick G, Nilsen A, Lewinsohn DM, Adams EJ, Hildebrand W. Multiple Isomers of Photolumazine V Bind MR1 and Differentially Activate MAIT Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:933-940. [PMID: 38275935 PMCID: PMC10909690 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In response to microbial infection, the nonclassical Ag-presenting molecule MHC class I-related protein 1 (MR1) presents secondary microbial metabolites to mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. In this study, we further characterize the repertoire of ligands captured by MR1 produced in Hi5 (Trichoplusia ni) cells from Mycobacterium smegmatis via mass spectrometry. We describe the (to our knowledge) novel MR1 ligand photolumazine (PL)V, a hydroxyindolyl-ribityllumazine with four isomers differing in the positioning of a hydroxyl group. We show that all four isomers are produced by M. smegmatis in culture and that at least three can induce MR1 surface translocation. Furthermore, human MAIT cell clones expressing distinct TCR β-chains differentially responded to the PLV isomers, demonstrating that the subtle positioning of a single hydroxyl group modulates TCR recognition. This study emphasizes structural microheterogeneity within the MR1 Ag repertoire and the remarkable selectivity of MAIT cell TCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Krawic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Nicole A. Ladd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Meghan Cansler
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | | | - Jordan Devereaux
- Oregon Health and Sciences University Medicinal Chemistry Core, Portland, OR
| | - Aneta Worley
- Research and Development, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR
| | - Tania Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Cara Froyd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Corinna A. Kulicke
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Por
| | - Gwendolyn Swarbrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Aaron Nilsen
- Oregon Health and Sciences University Medicinal Chemistry Core, Portland, OR
| | - David M. Lewinsohn
- Research and Development, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Por
| | - Erin J. Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - William Hildebrand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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3
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Song Y, Lu S, Gao F, Wei T, Ma W. The application of organoid models in research into metabolic diseases. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:809-819. [PMID: 38100156 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases have become a major threat to human health worldwide as a result of changing lifestyles. The exploration of the underlying molecular mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the development of improved therapeutic methods have been hindered by the lack of appropriate human experimental models. Organoids are three-dimensional in vitro models of self-renewing cells that spontaneously self-organize into structures similar to the corresponding in vivo tissues, recapitulating the original tissue function. Off-body organoid technology has been successfully applied to disease modelling, developmental biology, regenerative medicine, and tumour precision medicine. This new generation of biological models has received widespread attention. This article focuses on the construction process and research progress with regard to organoids related to metabolic diseases in recent years, and looks forward to their prospective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Sumei Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianshu Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wanshan Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Kountouras J, Kazakos E, Kyrailidi F, Polyzos SA, Zavos C, Arapoglou S, Boziki M, Mouratidou MC, Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou M, Chatzopoulos D, Doulberis M, Papaefthymiou A, Vardaka E. Innate immunity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Gastroenterol 2023; 36:244-256. [PMID: 37144011 PMCID: PMC10152810 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2023.0793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed as metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is a complex, multifactorial disease that progresses via nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) towards severe liver complications. MAFLD/NAFLD affects up to a third of the global population. It is connected with metabolic syndrome parameters and has been increasing in parallel with the rates of metabolic syndrome parameters worldwide. This disease entity exhibits a strong immune-inflammatory dimension. In MAFLD/NAFLD/NASH, a vast network of innate immune cells is mobilized that can provoke liver damage, leading to advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis and its complications, including hepatocellular carcinoma. However, our understanding of the inflammatory signals that drive the onset and progression of MAFLD/NAFLD/NASH is fragmented. Thus, further investigation is required to better understand the role of specific innate immune cell subsets in the disease, and to aid the design of innovative therapeutic agents to target MAFLD/NAFLD/NASH. In this review, we discuss current concepts regarding the role of innate immune system involvement in MAFLD/NAFLD/NASH onset and progression, along with presenting potential stress signals affecting immune tolerance that may trigger aberrant immune responses. A comprehensive understanding of the innate immune mechanisms involved in MAFLD/NAFLD/NASH pathophysiology will help the discovery of early interventions to prevent the disease, and lead to potential innovative therapeutic strategies that may limit its worldwide burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece (Jannis Kountouras, Evangelos Kazakos, Foteini Kyrailidi, Christos Zavos, Stergios Arapoglou, Maria C. Mouratidou, Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou, Dimitrios Chatzopoulos, Michael Doulberis, Apostolis Papaefthymiou, Elisabeth Vardaka)
| | - Evangelos Kazakos
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece (Jannis Kountouras, Evangelos Kazakos, Foteini Kyrailidi, Christos Zavos, Stergios Arapoglou, Maria C. Mouratidou, Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou, Dimitrios Chatzopoulos, Michael Doulberis, Apostolis Papaefthymiou, Elisabeth Vardaka)
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, Macedonia, Greece (Evangelos Kazakos)
| | - Foteini Kyrailidi
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece (Jannis Kountouras, Evangelos Kazakos, Foteini Kyrailidi, Christos Zavos, Stergios Arapoglou, Maria C. Mouratidou, Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou, Dimitrios Chatzopoulos, Michael Doulberis, Apostolis Papaefthymiou, Elisabeth Vardaka)
| | - Stergios A. Polyzos
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece (Stergios A. Polyzos, Michael Doulberis, Apostolis Papaefthymiou)
| | - Christos Zavos
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece (Jannis Kountouras, Evangelos Kazakos, Foteini Kyrailidi, Christos Zavos, Stergios Arapoglou, Maria C. Mouratidou, Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou, Dimitrios Chatzopoulos, Michael Doulberis, Apostolis Papaefthymiou, Elisabeth Vardaka)
| | - Stergios Arapoglou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece (Jannis Kountouras, Evangelos Kazakos, Foteini Kyrailidi, Christos Zavos, Stergios Arapoglou, Maria C. Mouratidou, Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou, Dimitrios Chatzopoulos, Michael Doulberis, Apostolis Papaefthymiou, Elisabeth Vardaka)
- Fifth Surgical Department, Medical School, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece (Stergios Arapoglou)
| | - Marina Boziki
- 2 Neurology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Macedonia, Greece (Marina Boziki)
| | - Maria C. Mouratidou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece (Jannis Kountouras, Evangelos Kazakos, Foteini Kyrailidi, Christos Zavos, Stergios Arapoglou, Maria C. Mouratidou, Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou, Dimitrios Chatzopoulos, Michael Doulberis, Apostolis Papaefthymiou, Elisabeth Vardaka)
| | - Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece (Jannis Kountouras, Evangelos Kazakos, Foteini Kyrailidi, Christos Zavos, Stergios Arapoglou, Maria C. Mouratidou, Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou, Dimitrios Chatzopoulos, Michael Doulberis, Apostolis Papaefthymiou, Elisabeth Vardaka)
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, Macedonia, Greece (Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou)
| | - Dimitrios Chatzopoulos
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece (Jannis Kountouras, Evangelos Kazakos, Foteini Kyrailidi, Christos Zavos, Stergios Arapoglou, Maria C. Mouratidou, Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou, Dimitrios Chatzopoulos, Michael Doulberis, Apostolis Papaefthymiou, Elisabeth Vardaka)
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece (Jannis Kountouras, Evangelos Kazakos, Foteini Kyrailidi, Christos Zavos, Stergios Arapoglou, Maria C. Mouratidou, Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou, Dimitrios Chatzopoulos, Michael Doulberis, Apostolis Papaefthymiou, Elisabeth Vardaka)
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece (Stergios A. Polyzos, Michael Doulberis, Apostolis Papaefthymiou)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (Michael Doulberis)
| | - Apostolis Papaefthymiou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece (Jannis Kountouras, Evangelos Kazakos, Foteini Kyrailidi, Christos Zavos, Stergios Arapoglou, Maria C. Mouratidou, Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou, Dimitrios Chatzopoulos, Michael Doulberis, Apostolis Papaefthymiou, Elisabeth Vardaka)
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece (Stergios A. Polyzos, Michael Doulberis, Apostolis Papaefthymiou)
- Pancreaticobiliary Medicine Unit, University College London Hospitals (UCLH), London, UK (Apostolis Papaefthymiou)
| | - Elisabeth Vardaka
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece (Jannis Kountouras, Evangelos Kazakos, Foteini Kyrailidi, Christos Zavos, Stergios Arapoglou, Maria C. Mouratidou, Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou, Dimitrios Chatzopoulos, Michael Doulberis, Apostolis Papaefthymiou, Elisabeth Vardaka)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, Macedonia, Greece (Elisabeth Vardaka)
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5
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Wyatt-Johnson SK, Kersey HN, Codocedo JF, Newell KL, Landreth GE, Lamb BT, Oblak AL, Brutkiewicz RR. Control of the temporal development of Alzheimer's disease pathology by the MR1/MAIT cell axis. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:78. [PMID: 36944969 PMCID: PMC10029194 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is an important feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding which aspects of the immune system are important in AD may lead to new therapeutic approaches. We study the major histocompatibility complex class I-related immune molecule, MR1, which is recognized by an innate-like T cell population called mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. METHODS Having found that MR1 gene expression is elevated in the brain tissue of AD patients by mining the Agora database, we sought to examine the role of the MR1/MAIT cell axis in AD pathology. Brain tissue from AD patients and the 5XFAD mouse model of AD were used to analyze MR1 expression through qPCR, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. Furthermore, mice deficient in MR1 and MAIT cells were crossed with the 5XFAD mice to produce a model to study how the loss of this innate immune axis alters AD progression. Moreover, 5XFAD mice were also used to study brain-resident MAIT cells over time. RESULTS In tissue samples from AD patients and 5XFAD mice, MR1 expression was substantially elevated in the microglia surrounding plaques vs. those that are further away (human AD: P < 0.05; 5XFAD: P < 0.001). In 5XFAD mice lacking the MR1/MAIT cell axis, the development of amyloid-beta plaque pathology occurred at a significantly slower rate than in those mice with MR1 and MAIT cells. Furthermore, in brain tissue from 5XFAD mice, there was a temporal increase in MAIT cell numbers (P < 0.01) and their activation state, the latter determined by detecting an upregulation of both CD69 (P < 0.05) and the interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (P < 0.05) via flow cytometry. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data reveal a previously unknown role for the MR1/MAIT cell innate immune axis in AD pathology and its potential utility as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Season K Wyatt-Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Holly N Kersey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Juan F Codocedo
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kathy L Newell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Gary E Landreth
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Bruce T Lamb
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Adrian L Oblak
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Randy R Brutkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Yu Z, Liu X, Huang G, Guo L, Li X, Zha X, Li Y, Li B. Increased IFN-γ + and TNF-α + mucosal-associated invariant T cells in patients with aplastic anemia. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2023; 104:253-262. [PMID: 36779834 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aplastic anemia (AA) is known as an autoimmune disease in which T cell activation is aberrant. It has been reported that unconventional T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, play an important role in several autoimmune diseases, but it is unclear if they are involved in AA. METHODS In this study, we for the first time analyzed the proportions, phenotypes, and cytokine properties of MAIT cells in AA by flow cytometry. RESULTS We found that the percentage of circulating MAIT cells was generally higher for CD3+ , CD8+ , and CD8- T cells in AA patients compared with healthy individuals. Moreover, the percentage of IL-18Rα-, NKG2D-, IFN-γ-, and TNF-α- positive MAIT cells was also significantly higher in AA patients. In addition, the percentage of IFN-γ+ CD3+ or TNF-α+ CD8- MAIT cells had a significant negative correlation with the absolute neutrophil count. CONCLUSIONS We present the first observation of MAIT cells in patients with AA. MAIT cells are associated with a higher frequency of IFN-γ and TNF-α production and may contribute to the pathogenesis of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yikai Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunqing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoen Liu
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guixuan Huang
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixing Guo
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianfeng Zha
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Tang W, Ge K, Shen L, Wang H, Feng W, Sun X, Chu X, Zhu D, Yin H, Bi Y. Th1 bias of liver mucosal-associated invariant T cells promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3620. [PMID: 36738300 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS It is acknowledged that aberrant liver immunity contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, an innate-like T-cell subset, are enriched in the human liver. Nevertheless, the characterisation and potential role of hepatic MAIT cells in T2DM remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen newly diagnosed T2DM subjects and 15 controls received liver biopsy. The frequency and cytokine production of MAIT cells were analysed by flow cytometry. The expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism was determined in HepG2 cells co-cultured with hepatic MAIT cells. RESULTS Compared with controls, hepatic MAIT cell frequency was significantly increased in T2DM patients (24.66% vs. 14.61%, p = 0.001). There were more MAIT cells producing interferon-γ (IFN-γ, 60.49% vs. 33.33%, p = 0.021) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, 46.84% vs. 5.91%, p = 0.021) in T2DM than in controls, whereas their production of interleukin 17 (IL-17) was comparable (15.25% vs. 4.55%, p = 0.054). Notably, an IFN-γ+ TNF-α+ IL-17+/- producing MAIT cell subset was focussed, which showed an elevated proportion in T2DM (42.66% vs. 5.85%, p = 0.021) and positively correlated with plasma glucose levels. A co-culture experiment further indicated that hepatic MAIT cells from T2DM upregulated the gene expression of pyruvate carboxylase, a key molecule involved in gluconeogenesis, in HepG2 cells, and this response was blocked with neutralising antibodies against IFN-γ and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS Our data implicate an increased Th1-like MAIT cell subset in the liver of newly diagnosed T2DM subjects, which induces hyperglycaemia by promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis. It provides novel insights into the immune regulation of metabolic homoeostasis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03296605 (registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS gov on 12 October 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Kang Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongdong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhuan Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Xitai Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuehui Chu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongli Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, China
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8
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Increased Number of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells Is Associated with the Inhibition of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315309. [PMID: 36499635 PMCID: PMC9739562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging worldwide health concern. The disease may involve immune cells including T cells, but little is known about the role(s) of the innate-like T cells in the liver. Furthermore, the most abundant innate-like T cells in the human liver are mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, but the involvement of MAIT cells in NAFLD remains largely unexplored because of their paucity in mice. In this study, we used a novel mouse line, Vα19, in which the number of MAIT cells is equivalent to or greater than that in humans. Compared with the control mice, Vα19 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) exhibited a reduction in lipid accumulation, NAFLD activity score, and transcripts relevant to lipogenesis. In addition, serum triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acids were lower in Vα19 mice fed normal chow or HFD. In contrast, the Vα19 mice showed little or no change in glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, inflammation in adipose tissues, or intestinal permeability compared with the controls, irrespective of diet. These results suggest that the presence of MAIT cells is associated with reduced lipogenesis and lipid accumulation in the liver; however, further studies are needed to clarify the role of MAIT cells in hepatic lipid metabolism.
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9
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LeBlanc G, Kreissl F, Melamed J, Sobel AL, Constantinides MG. The role of unconventional T cells in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Semin Immunol 2022; 61-64:101656. [PMID: 36306662 PMCID: PMC9828956 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle LeBlanc
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Felix Kreissl
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Jonathan Melamed
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Adam L. Sobel
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,These authors contributed equally
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10
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Zineb OY, Rashwan AK, Karim N, Lu Y, Tangpong J, Chen W. Recent Developments in Procyanidins on Metabolic Diseases, Their Possible Sources, Pharmacokinetic Profile, and Clinical Outcomes. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2062770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ould Yahia Zineb
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Ahmed K. Rashwan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Food and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Naymul Karim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jitbanjong Tangpong
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
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11
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Li Y, Du J, Wei W. Emerging Roles of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Rheumatology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:819992. [PMID: 35317168 PMCID: PMC8934402 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.819992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an unconventional T cell subset expressing a semi-invariant TCR and recognize microbial riboflavin metabolites presented by major histocompatibility complex class 1-related molecule (MR1). MAIT cells serve as innate-like T cells bridging innate and adaptive immunity, which have attracted increasing attention in recent years. The involvement of MAIT cells has been described in various infections, autoimmune diseases and malignancies. In this review, we first briefly introduce the biology of MAIT cells, and then summarize their roles in rheumatic diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, primary Sjögren’s syndrome, psoriatic arthritis, systemic sclerosis, vasculitis and dermatomyositis. An increased knowledge of MAIT cells will inform the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic approaches in rheumatology.
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12
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Kulicke CA, De Zan E, Hein Z, Gonzalez-Lopez C, Ghanwat S, Veerapen N, Besra GS, Klenerman P, Christianson JC, Springer S, Nijman SM, Cerundolo V, Salio M. The P5-type ATPase ATP13A1 modulates major histocompatibility complex I-related protein 1 (MR1)-mediated antigen presentation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101542. [PMID: 34968463 PMCID: PMC8808182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The monomorphic antigen-presenting molecule major histocompatibility complex-I-related protein 1 (MR1) presents small-molecule metabolites to mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. The MR1-MAIT cell axis has been implicated in a variety of infectious and noncommunicable diseases, and recent studies have begun to develop an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this specialized antigen presentation pathway. However, proteins regulating MR1 folding, loading, stability, and surface expression remain to be identified. Here, we performed a gene trap screen to discover novel modulators of MR1 surface expression through insertional mutagenesis of an MR1-overexpressing clone derived from the near-haploid human cell line HAP1 (HAP1.MR1). The most significant positive regulators identified included β2-microglobulin, a known regulator of MR1 surface expression, and ATP13A1, a P5-type ATPase in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) not previously known to be associated with MR1-mediated antigen presentation. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of ATP13A1 in both HAP1.MR1 and THP-1 cell lines revealed a profound reduction in MR1 protein levels and a concomitant functional defect specific to MR1-mediated antigen presentation. Collectively, these data are consistent with the ER-resident ATP13A1 being a key posttranscriptional determinant of MR1 surface expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna A Kulicke
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Erica De Zan
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd and Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zeynep Hein
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany
| | - Claudia Gonzalez-Lopez
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Swapnil Ghanwat
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany
| | - Natacha Veerapen
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John C Christianson
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Springer
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Nijman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd and Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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13
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Santos-Laso A, Gutiérrez-Larrañaga M, Alonso-Peña M, Medina JM, Iruzubieta P, Arias-Loste MT, López-Hoyos M, Crespo J. Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Drivers to Targets. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010046. [PMID: 35052726 PMCID: PMC8773141 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the excessive and detrimental accumulation of liver fat as a result of high-caloric intake and/or cellular and molecular abnormalities. The prevalence of this pathological event is increasing worldwide, and is intimately associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, among other comorbidities. To date, only therapeutic strategies based on lifestyle changes have exhibited a beneficial impact on patients with NAFLD, but unfortunately this approach is often difficult to implement, and shows poor long-term adherence. For this reason, great efforts are being made to elucidate and integrate the underlying pathological molecular mechanism, and to identify novel and promising druggable targets for therapy. In this regard, a large number of clinical trials testing different potential compounds have been performed, albeit with no conclusive results yet. Importantly, many other clinical trials are currently underway with results expected in the near future. Here, we summarize the key aspects of NAFLD pathogenesis and therapeutic targets in this frequent disorder, highlighting the most recent advances in the field and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Santos-Laso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain; (M.A.-P.); (J.M.M.); (P.I.); (M.T.A.-L.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.-L.); (J.C.)
| | - María Gutiérrez-Larrañaga
- Department of Immunology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain; (M.G.-L.); (M.L.-H.)
| | - Marta Alonso-Peña
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain; (M.A.-P.); (J.M.M.); (P.I.); (M.T.A.-L.)
| | - Juan M. Medina
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain; (M.A.-P.); (J.M.M.); (P.I.); (M.T.A.-L.)
| | - Paula Iruzubieta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain; (M.A.-P.); (J.M.M.); (P.I.); (M.T.A.-L.)
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Arias-Loste
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain; (M.A.-P.); (J.M.M.); (P.I.); (M.T.A.-L.)
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos López-Hoyos
- Department of Immunology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain; (M.G.-L.); (M.L.-H.)
| | - Javier Crespo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain; (M.A.-P.); (J.M.M.); (P.I.); (M.T.A.-L.)
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.S.-L.); (J.C.)
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14
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Anaeigoudari A, Safari H, Khazdair MR. Effects of Nigella sativa, Camellia sinensis, and Allium sativum as Food Additives on Metabolic Disorders, a Literature Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:762182. [PMID: 34867384 PMCID: PMC8637837 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.762182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Metabolic disorders (MD) can disturb intracellular metabolic processes. A metabolic disorder can be resulted from enzyme deficits or disturbances in function of various organs including the liver, kidneys, pancreas, cardiovascular system, and endocrine system. Some herbs were used traditionally for spices, food additives, dietary, and medicinal purposes. Medicinal plants possess biological active compounds that enhance human health. We aimed to provide evidence about therapeutic effects of some medicinal herbs on MD. Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were explored for publications linked to MD until February 2021. The most literature reports that were published in the last 10 years were used. All types of studies such as animal studies, clinical trials, and in vitro studies were included. The keywords included “Metabolic disorders,” “Nigella sativa L.,” “Thymoquinone,” “White tea”OR “Camellia sinensis L.” “catechin,” and “Allium sativum L.” OR “garlic” were searched. Results: Based on the results of scientific studies, the considered medicinal plants and their active components in this review have been able to exert the beneficial therapeutic effects on obesity, diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Conclusions: These effects are obvious by inhibition of lipid peroxidation, suppression of inflammatory reactions, adjustment of lipid profile, reduction of adipogenesis and regulation of blood glucose level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Anaeigoudari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Science, Jiroft, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Exploring the Pathogenic Role and Therapeutic Implications of Interleukin 2 in Autoimmune Hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:2493-2512. [PMID: 32833154 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 2 is essential for the expansion of regulatory T cells, and low-dose recombinant interleukin 2 has improved the clinical manifestations of diverse autoimmune diseases in preliminary studies. The goals of this review are to describe the actions of interleukin 2 and its receptor, present preliminary experiences with low-dose interleukin 2 in the treatment of diverse autoimmune diseases, and evaluate its potential as a therapeutic intervention in autoimmune hepatitis. English abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. Full-length articles were selected for review, and secondary and tertiary bibliographies were developed. Interleukin 2 is critical for the thymic selection, peripheral expansion, induction, and survival of regulatory T cells, and it is also a growth factor for activated T cells and natural killer cells. Interleukin 2 activates the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 after binding with its trimeric receptor on regulatory T cells. Immune suppressor activity is increased; anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 is released; pro-inflammatory interferon-gamma is inhibited; and activation-induced apoptosis of CD8+ T cells is upregulated. Preliminary experiences with cyclic injections of low-dose recombinant interleukin 2 in diverse autoimmune diseases have demonstrated increased numbers of circulating regulatory T cells, preserved regulatory function, improved clinical manifestations, and excellent tolerance. Similar improvements have been recognized in one of two patients with refractory autoimmune hepatitis. In conclusion, interferon 2 has biological actions that favor the immune suppressor functions of regulatory T cells, and low-dose regimens in preliminary studies encourage its rigorous investigation in autoimmune hepatitis.
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16
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Kothari H, Williams CM, McSkimming C, Drago F, Marshall MA, Garmey J, Vigneshwar M, Zunder ER, McNamara CA. Identification of human immune cell subtypes most responsive to IL-1β-induced inflammatory signaling using mass cytometry. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/673/eabc5763. [PMID: 33688079 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abc5763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-1β is a key mediator of the cytokine storm linked to high morbidity and mortality from COVID-19, and IL-1β blockade with anakinra and canakinumab during COVID-19 infection has entered clinical trials. Using mass cytometry of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we identified effector memory CD4+ T cells and CD4-CD8low/-CD161+ T cells, specifically those positive for the chemokine receptor CCR6, as the circulating immune subtypes with the greatest response to IL-1β. This response manifested as increased phosphorylation and, thus, activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB and was also seen in other subsets, including CD11c+ myeloid dendritic cells, classical monocytes, two subsets of natural killer cells (CD16-CD56brightCD161- and CD16-CD56dimCD161+), and lineage- (Lin-) cells expressing CD161 and CD25. IL-1β also induced a rapid but less robust increase in the phosphorylation of the kinase p38 as compared to that of NF-κB in most of these immune cell subsets. Prolonged IL-1β stimulation increased the phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT3 and to a lesser extent that of STAT1 and STAT5 across various immune cell types. IL-1β-induced production of IL-6 likely led to the activation of STAT1 and STAT3 at later time points. Interindividual heterogeneity and inhibition of STAT activation by anakinra raise the possibility that assays measuring NF-κB phosphorylation in response to IL-1β in CCR6+ T cell subtypes could identify those patients at higher risk of cytokine storm and most likely to benefit from IL-1β-neutralizing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Kothari
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. .,Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Corey M Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Chantel McSkimming
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Fabrizio Drago
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Melissa A Marshall
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - James Garmey
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mythili Vigneshwar
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Eli R Zunder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Coleen A McNamara
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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17
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Wang H, Chen Z, McCluskey J, Corbett AJ. Mouse models illuminate MAIT cell biology. Mol Immunol 2021; 130:55-63. [PMID: 33360377 PMCID: PMC7855494 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The field of mucosal-associated invariant T cell (MAIT) biology has grown rapidly since the identification of the vitamin-B-based antigens recognised by these specialised T cells. Over the past few years, our understanding of the complexities of MAIT cell function has developed, as they find their place among the other better known cells of the immune system. Key questions relate to understanding when MAIT cells help, when they hinder or cause harm, and when they do not matter. Exploiting mouse strains that differ in MAIT cell numbers, leveraged by specific detection of MAIT cells using MR1-tetramers, it has now been shown that MAIT cells play important immune roles in settings that include bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune diseases and cancer. We have also learnt much about their development, modes of activation and response to commensal microbiota, and begun to try ways to manipulate MAIT cells to improve disease outcomes. Here we review recent studies that have assessed MAIT cells in models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimeng Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Zhenjun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra J Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.
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18
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Single-cell Immune Landscape of Human Recurrent Miscarriage. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 19:208-222. [PMID: 33482359 PMCID: PMC8602400 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Successful pregnancy in placental mammals substantially depends on the establishment of maternal immune tolerance to the semi-allogenic fetus. Disorders in this process are tightly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including recurrent miscarriage (RM). However, an in-depth understanding of the systematic and decidual immune environment in RM remains largely lacking. In this study, we utilized single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to comparably analyze the cellular and molecular signatures of decidual and peripheral leukocytes in normal and unexplained RM pregnancies at the early stage of gestation. Integrative analysis identifies 22 distinct cell clusters in total, and a dramatic difference in leukocyte subsets and molecular properties in RM cases is revealed. Specifically, the cytotoxic properties of CD8+ effector T cells, nature killer (NK), and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in peripheral blood indicates apparently enhanced pro-inflammatory status, and the population proportions and ligand–receptor interactions of the decidual leukocyte subsets demonstrate preferential immune activation in RM patients. The molecular features, spatial distribution, and the developmental trajectories of five decidual NK (dNK) subsets have been elaborately illustrated. In RM patients, a dNK subset that supports embryonic growth is diminished in proportion, while the ratio of another dNK subset with cytotoxic and immune-active signature is significantly increased. Notably, a unique pro-inflammatory CD56+CD16+ dNK subset substantially accumulates in RM decidua. These findings reveal a comprehensive cellular and molecular atlas of decidual and peripheral leukocytes in human early pregnancy and provide an in-depth insight into the immune pathogenesis for early pregnancy loss.
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19
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MAIT cells, guardians of skin and mucosa? Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:803-814. [PMID: 33753874 PMCID: PMC7983967 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells are evolutionary conserved innate-like T cells able to recognize bacterial and fungal ligands derived from vitamin B biosynthesis. These cells are particularly present in liver and blood but also populate mucosal sites including skin, oral, intestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tracts that are in contact with the environment and microbiota of their host. Growing evidence suggests important involvement of MAIT cells in safeguarding the mucosa against external microbial threats. Simultaneously, mucosal MAIT cells have been implicated in immune and inflammatory pathologies affecting these organs. Here, we review the specificities of mucosal MAIT cells, their functions in the protection and maintenance of mucosal barriers, and their interactions with other mucosal cells.
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20
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Toubal A, Lehuen A. Role of MAIT cells in metabolic diseases. Mol Immunol 2020; 130:142-147. [PMID: 33358570 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
MAIT cells are innate-like T cells that are enriched in mucosal sites and tissues including adipose tissue and liver. They play an important role in immunity against microbial pathogens. Recently, it has been reported that MAIT cells could also be important in metabolic diseases and can be involved in setting up and maintaining chronic inflammation. In this review, we give an overview of recent advances in understanding MAIT cells role in the ethology of this diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Toubal
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.
| | - Agnès Lehuen
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.
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21
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Corbett AJ, Awad W, Wang H, Chen Z. Antigen Recognition by MR1-Reactive T Cells; MAIT Cells, Metabolites, and Remaining Mysteries. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1961. [PMID: 32973800 PMCID: PMC7482426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells recognize vitamin B-based antigens presented by the non-polymorphic MHC class I related-1 molecule (MR1). Both MAIT T cell receptors (TCR) and MR1 are highly conserved among mammals, suggesting an important, and conserved, immune function. For many years, the antigens they recognize were unknown. The discovery that MR1 presents vitamin B-based small molecule ligands resulted in a rapid expansion of research in this area, which has yielded information on the role of MAIT cells in immune protection, autoimmune disease and recently in homeostasis and cancer. More recently, we have begun to appreciate the diverse nature of the small molecule ligands that can bind MR1, with several less potent antigens and small molecule drugs that can bind MR1 being identified. Complementary structural information has revealed the complex nature of interactions defining antigen recognition. Additionally, we now view MAIT cells (defined here as MR1-riboflavin-Ag reactive, TRAV1-2+ cells) as one subset of a broader family of MR1-reactive T cells (MR1T cells). Despite these advances, we still lack a complete understanding of how MR1 ligands are generated, presented and recognized in vivo. The biological relevance of these MR1 ligands and the function of MR1T cells in infection and disease warrants further investigation with new tools and approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J. Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wael Awad
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Huimeng Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Chen Y, Tian Z. Roles of Hepatic Innate and Innate-Like Lymphocytes in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1500. [PMID: 32765518 PMCID: PMC7378363 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is accompanied by steatosis, hepatocyte injury and liver inflammation, which has been a health problem in the world as one of the major high risk factors of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Complex immune responses involving T cells, B cells, Kupffer cells, monocytes, neutrophils, DCs and other innate lymphocytes account for the pathogenesis of NASH; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated in detail. In the liver, innate and innate-like lymphocytes account for more than two-thirds of total lymphocytes and play an important role in maintaining the immune homeostasis. Therefore, their roles in the progression of NASH deserves investigation. In this review, we summarized murine NASH models for immunological studies, including the diet-induced NASH, chemical-induced NASH and genetic-induced NASH. The role of innate and innate-like lymphocytes including NK cells, ILCs, NKT, γδT and MAIT cells in the progression of NASH were elucidated. Further, the metabolic regulation of the innate immune response was addressed in consideration to explain the molecular mechanisms. Based on the findings of the reviewed studies, strategies of immune intervention are proposed to control the progression of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease. Although considerable achievements in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis have been made, the underlying mechanisms of renal fibrosis remain largely to be explored. Now we have reached the consensus that TGF-β is a master regulator of renal fibrosis. Indeed, TGF-β regulates renal fibrosis via both canonical and noncanonical TGF-β signaling. Moreover, ongoing renal inflammation promotes fibrosis as inflammatory cells such as macrophages, conventional T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells may directly or indirectly contribute to renal fibrosis, which is also tightly regulated by TGF-β. However, anti-TGF-β treatment for renal fibrosis remains ineffective and nonspecific. Thus, research into mechanisms and treatment of renal fibrosis remains highly challenging.
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