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Parmar UM, Jalgaonkar MP, Kansara AJ, Oza MJ. Emerging links between FOXOs and diabetic complications. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176089. [PMID: 37838103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications are increasing worldwide in the working population as well as in elders. Prolonged hyperglycemia results in damage to blood vessels of various tissues followed by organ damage. Hyperglycemia-induced damage in small blood vessels as in nephrons, retina, and neurons results in diabetic microvascular complications which involve nephropathy, retinopathy, and diabetic neuropathy. Additionally, damage in large blood vessels is considered as a macrovascular complication including diabetic cardiomyopathy. These long-term complications can result in organ failure and thus becomes the leading cause of diabetic-related mortality in patients. Members of the Forkhead Box O family (FOXO) are involved in various body functions including cell proliferation, metabolic processes, differentiation, autophagy, and apoptosis. Moreover, increasing shreds of evidence suggest the involvement of FOXO family members FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, and FOXO6 in several chronic diseases including diabetes and diabetic complications. Hence, this review focuses on the role of FOXO transcription factors in the regulation of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi M Parmar
- SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Manjiri P Jalgaonkar
- SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Aayush J Kansara
- SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Manisha J Oza
- SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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Song S, Wang Q, Qu Y, Gao W, Li D, Xu X, Yue S. Pregabalin inhibits purinergic P2Y 2 receptor and TRPV4 to suppress astrocyte activation and to relieve neuropathic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176140. [PMID: 37925132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4)-mediated astrocyte activation is critical to neuropathic pain. Pregabalin, a widely used drug to treat chronic pain, is reported to lower the intracellular calcium level. However, the molecular mechanism by which pregabalin decreases the intracellular calcium level remains unknown. Purinergic P2Y2 receptor-a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family-regulates calcium-related signal transduction in astrocyte activation. We investigated whether P2Y2 receptor is involved in the pharmacological effects of pregabalin on neuropathic pain. METHODS Neuropathic pain was induced by chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglion (CCD) in rats. Paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) was used for behavioral testing. Intracellular calcium concentration was measured using a fluorescent calcium indicator (Fluo-4 AM). RESULTS We found that P2Y2 receptor protein was upregulated and astrocytes were activated in the experimental rats after CCD surgery. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased the intracellular calcium concentration and induced astrocyte activation in cultured astrocytes but was prevented via P2Y2 receptor inhibitor AR-C118925 or pregabalin. Furthermore, plasmid-mediated P2Y2 receptor overexpression induced an elevation of the intracellular calcium levels and inflammation in astrocytes, which was abolished by the TRPV4 inhibitor HC-067047. AR-C118925, HC-067047, and pregabalin relieved neuropathic pain and inflammation in rats after CCD surgery. Finally, plasmid-mediated P2Y2 receptor overexpression induced neuropathic pain in rats, which was abolished by pregabalin administration. CONCLUSIONS Pathophysiological variables that upregulated the P2Y2 receptor/TRPV4/calcium axis contribute to astrocyte activation in neuropathic pain. Pregabalin exerts an analgesic effect by inhibiting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Song
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yujuan Qu
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenshuang Gao
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoqian Xu
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shouwei Yue
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Tseng CH, Shah KM, Chiu IJ, Hsiao LL. The Role of Autophagy in Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease Management. Cells 2023; 12:2691. [PMID: 38067119 PMCID: PMC10705810 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), or diabetic nephropathy (DN), is one of the most prevalent complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and causes severe burden on the general welfare of T2DM patients around the world. While several new agents have shown promise in treating this condition and potentially halting the progression of the disease, more work is needed to understand the complex regulatory network involved in the disorder. Recent studies have provided new insights into the connection between autophagy, a physiological metabolic process known to maintain cellular homeostasis, and the pathophysiological pathways of DKD. Typically, autophagic activity plays a role in DKD progression mainly by promoting an inflammatory response to tissue damage, while both overactivated and downregulated autophagy worsen disease outcomes in different stages of DKD. This correlation demonstrates the potential of autophagy as a novel therapeutic target for the disease, and also highlights new possibilities for utilizing already available DN-related medications. In this review, we summarize findings on the relationship between autophagy and DKD, and the impact of these results on clinical management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hao Tseng
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.-H.T.); (K.M.S.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kavya M. Shah
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.-H.T.); (K.M.S.)
| | - I-Jen Chiu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.-H.T.); (K.M.S.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- TMU-Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Li-Li Hsiao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.-H.T.); (K.M.S.)
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Li X, Liu Z, He Z, Wang X, Li R, Wang J, Ma G, Zhang P, Ma C. Acteoside protects podocyte against apoptosis through regulating AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway in db/db mice. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:230. [PMID: 37872577 PMCID: PMC10591407 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocyte apoptosis is one of the important pathological mechanisms of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Acteoside (Act), a major active component of Rehmannia glutinosa leaves total glycoside, has a strong renoprotective action. Our study aims to demonstrate Act's renoprotective actions in db/db mice. METHODS We adopted C57BLKS/J db/db mice as DKD animal models. After 8 weeks of Act administration, the 24-hour urine albumin, renal function index, and blood lipid levels were quantified using matching kits. Renal pathology was evaluated by HE and PAS staining. The podocyte damage and apoptosis-related signaling pathway were observed by using immunohistochemistry, western blot, and TUNEL staining. RESULTS The albuminuria of db/db mice was reduced from 391 ug/24 h to 152 ug/24 h, and renal pathology changes were alleviated after Act administration. The western blot and immunohistochemistry showed that Act treatment upregulated the synaptopodin and podocin expression compared with db/db mice, while the TUNEL staining indicated podocyte apoptosis was inhibited. The B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) level was upregulated in the Act group, but cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) expression declined, while the protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (AKT/GSK-3β) signaling pathway was repressed. CONCLUSIONS By inhibiting the AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway, Act protected podocytes from apoptosis, decreasing the urine albumin of db/db mice and delaying the course of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhilong Liu
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- The Third Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Zhixiu He
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaocheng Wang
- Department of Medical Record & Statistics, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- The Third Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Guiqiao Ma
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- The Third Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chanjuan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China.
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China.
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Li F, Ma Z, Cai Y, Zhou J, Liu R. Optimizing diabetic kidney disease animal models: Insights from a meta-analytic approach. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:433-451. [PMID: 37723622 PMCID: PMC10614131 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevalent complication of diabetes, often leading to end-stage renal disease. Animal models have been widely used to study the pathogenesis of DKD and evaluate potential therapies. However, current animal models often fail to fully capture the pathological characteristics of renal injury observed in clinical patients with DKD. Additionally, modeling DKD is often a time-consuming, costly, and labor-intensive process. The current review aims to summarize modeling strategies in the establishment of DKD animal models by utilizing meta-analysis related methods and to aid in the optimization of these models for future research. A total of 1215 articles were retrieved with the keywords of "diabetic kidney disease" and "animal experiment" in the past 10 years. Following screening, 84 articles were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Review manager 5.4.1 was employed to analyze the changes in blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urinary albumin excretion rate in each model. Renal lesions shown in different models that were not suitable to be included in the meta-analysis were also extensively discussed. The above analysis suggested that combining various stimuli or introducing additional renal injuries to current models would be a promising avenue to overcome existing challenges and limitations. In conclusion, our review article provides an in-depth analysis of the limitations in current DKD animal models and proposes strategies for improving the accuracy and reliability of these models that will inspire future research efforts in the DKD research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghong Li
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Zhi Ma
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Yajie Cai
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Jingwei Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
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Jeong K, Je J, Dusabimana T, Kim H, Park SW. Early Growth Response 1 Contributes to Renal IR Injury by Inducing Proximal Tubular Cell Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14295. [PMID: 37762598 PMCID: PMC10532368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) causes acute kidney injury due to oxidative stress, tubular inflammation, and apoptosis. Early growth response 1 (Egr-1) is a transcription factor belonging to the immediate early gene family and is known to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Egr-1 expression is induced during renal IR; however, its pathogenic role and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated the function of Egr-1 during renal IR using C57BL/6 mice and cultured renal proximal tubular HK-2 cells. Egr-1 expression increased immediately, 1-4 h after IR, whereas plasma creatinine and oxidative stress increased progressively over 24 h after IR. Egr-1 overexpression showed greater increases in plasma creatinine, renal tubular injury, and apoptosis than in the control after IR. Egr-1 overexpression also showed significant neutrophil infiltration and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, MIP-2, and IL-6) after IR. Consistently, proximal tubular HK-2 cells showed immediate induction of Egr-1 at 1 h after hypoxia and reoxygenation, where its downstream target, p53, was also increased. Interestingly, Egr-1 overexpression enhanced p53 levels and tubular apoptosis, while the knockdown of Egr-1 reduced p53 levels and tubular apoptosis after H2O2 treatment. Egr-1 was recruited to the p53 promoter, which activates p53 transcription, and Egr-1 induction occurred through Erk/JNK signaling kinases, as the specific inhibitors blocked its expression. Taken together, these results show that Egr-1 is upregulated in proximal tubular cells and contributes to renal IR injury by inducing tubular apoptosis, mediated by p53 transcriptional activation. Thus, Egr-1 could be a potential therapeutic target for renal IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.D.)
- Antiaging Bio Cell Factory-Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Theodomir Dusabimana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.D.)
- Antiaging Bio Cell Factory-Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.D.)
- Antiaging Bio Cell Factory-Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (T.D.)
- Antiaging Bio Cell Factory-Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
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Chen HH, Zhang YX, Lv JL, Liu YY, Guo JY, Zhao L, Nan YX, Wu QJ, Zhao YH. Role of sirtuins in metabolic disease-related renal injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114417. [PMID: 36812714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor control of metabolic diseases induces kidney injury, resulting in microalbuminuria, renal insufficiency and, ultimately, chronic kidney disease. The potential pathogenetic mechanisms of renal injury caused by metabolic diseases remain unclear. Tubular cells and podocytes of the kidney show high expression of histone deacetylases known as sirtuins (SIRT1-7). Available evidence has shown that SIRTs participate in pathogenic processes of renal disorders caused by metabolic diseases. The present review addresses the regulatory roles of SIRTs and their implications for the initiation and development of kidney damage due to metabolic diseases. SIRTs are commonly dysregulated in renal disorders induced by metabolic diseases such as hypertensive nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy. This dysregulation is associated with disease progression. Previous literature has also suggested that abnormal expression of SIRTs affects cellular biology, such as oxidative stress, metabolism, inflammation, and apoptosis of renal cells, resulting in the promotion of invasive diseases. This literature reviews the research progress made in understanding the roles of dysregulated SIRTs in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease-related kidney disorders and describes the potential of SIRTs serve as biomarkers for early screening and diagnosis of these diseases and as therapeutic targets for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Yi-Xiao Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China; Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Jia-Le Lv
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Yu-Yang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Jing-Yi Guo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Lu Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Yu-Xin Nan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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8
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Ala M. Sestrin2 Signaling Pathway Regulates Podocyte Biology and Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:8776878. [PMID: 36818747 PMCID: PMC9937769 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8776878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sestrin2 regulates cell homeostasis and is an upstream signaling molecule for several signaling pathways. Sestrin2 leads to AMP-activated protein kinase- (AMPK-) and GTPase-activating protein activity toward Rags (GATOR) 1-mediated inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), thereby enhancing autophagy. Sestrin2 also improves mitochondrial biogenesis via AMPK/Sirt1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) signaling pathway. Blockade of ribosomal protein synthesis and augmentation of autophagy by Sestrin2 can prevent misfolded protein accumulation and attenuate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In addition, Sestrin2 enhances P62-mediated autophagic degradation of Keap1 to release nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 release by Sestrin2 vigorously potentiates antioxidant defense in diabetic nephropathy. Impaired autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, severe oxidative stress, and ER stress are all deeply involved in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. It has been shown that Sestrin2 expression is lower in the kidney of animals and patients with diabetic nephropathy. Sestrin2 knockdown aggravated diabetic nephropathy in animal models. In contrast, upregulation of Sestrin2 enhanced autophagy, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis and suppressed oxidative stress, ER stress, and apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy. Consistently, overexpression of Sestrin2 ameliorated podocyte injury, mesangial proliferation, proteinuria, and renal fibrosis in animal models of diabetic nephropathy. By suppressing transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/Smad and Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcription enhancer factor 1 (TEF1) signaling pathways in experimental models, Sestrin2 hindered epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix accumulation in diabetic kidneys. Moreover, modulation of the downstream molecules of Sestrin2, for instance, augmentation of AMPK or Nrf2 signaling and inhibition of mTORC1, has been protective in diabetic nephropathy. Regarding the beneficial effects of Sestrin2 on diabetic nephropathy and its interaction with several signaling molecules, it is worth targeting Sestrin2 in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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9
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Park EJ, Je J, Dusabimana T, Yun SP, Kim HJ, Kim H, Park SW. The Uremic Toxin Homocysteine Exacerbates the Brain Inflammation Induced by Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion in Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123048. [PMID: 36551804 PMCID: PMC9775228 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy), a homologue of cysteine, is biosynthesized during methionine metabolism. Elevated plasma Hcy is associated with glomerular injury and considered as a risk factor for renal dysfunction, predicting incident chronic kidney disease. Hcy promotes oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a sudden decline in renal function and is important clinically due to the high mortality rate in AKI patients with multiple organs failure, including the brain. However, the cytotoxic role of Hcy on the brain following AKI is not directly shown. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were subjected to renal ischemia reperfusion (IR), one of the causes of AKI, and treated with vehicle or Hcy (0.2 mg/kg) to analyse the brain inflammation. IR mice showed a significant induction in plasma creatinine and Hcy levels, associated with tubular injury and neutrophil infiltration, and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tubular apoptosis. Hcy treatment aggravated these renal damage and dysfunction by regulating cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inhibitor of κB phosphorylation, and heme oxygenase-1. Consistently, Hcy treatment significantly increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and COX-2 in the prefrontal cortex of IR mice. We conclude that Hcy treatment aggravated the renal dysfunction and enhanced IR-induced inflammatory cytokines and astrocyte activation in the brain. We propose that lowering plasma Hcy levels may attenuate neurological dysfunction found in patients with AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Theodomir Dusabimana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (S.W.P.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8070 (H.K.); +82-55-772-8073 (S.W.P.)
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (S.W.P.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8070 (H.K.); +82-55-772-8073 (S.W.P.)
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10
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Jasmer KJ, Muñoz Forti K, Woods LT, Cha S, Weisman GA. Therapeutic potential for P2Y 2 receptor antagonism. Purinergic Signal 2022:10.1007/s11302-022-09900-3. [PMID: 36219327 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors are the target of more than 30% of all FDA-approved drug therapies. Though the purinergic P2 receptors have been an attractive target for therapeutic intervention with successes such as the P2Y12 receptor antagonist, clopidogrel, P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R) antagonism remains relatively unexplored as a therapeutic strategy. Due to a lack of selective antagonists to modify P2Y2R activity, studies using primarily genetic manipulation have revealed roles for P2Y2R in a multitude of diseases. These include inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, fibrotic diseases, renal diseases, cancer, and pathogenic infections. With the advent of AR-C118925, a selective and potent P2Y2R antagonist that became commercially available only a few years ago, new opportunities exist to gain a more robust understanding of P2Y2R function and assess therapeutic effects of P2Y2R antagonism. This review discusses the characteristics of P2Y2R that make it unique among P2 receptors, namely its involvement in five distinct signaling pathways including canonical Gαq protein signaling. We also discuss the effects of other P2Y2R antagonists and the pivotal development of AR-C118925. The remainder of this review concerns the mounting evidence implicating P2Y2Rs in disease pathogenesis, focusing on those studies that have evaluated AR-C118925 in pre-clinical disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Jasmer
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Muñoz Forti
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lucas T Woods
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gary A Weisman
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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11
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Li X, Liu J, Lu L, Huang T, Hou W, Wang F, Yu L, Wu F, Qi J, Chen X, Meng Z, Zhu M. Sirt7 associates with ELK1 to participate in hyperglycemia memory and diabetic nephropathy via modulation of DAPK3 expression and endothelial inflammation. Transl Res 2022; 247:99-116. [PMID: 35470010 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious complications of advanced diabetes, and increases patient mortality. Recently, epigenetics-mediated hyperglycemic memory in pathological process of DN has received attention. The purpose of this study was to determine the underlying mechanism by which sirt7 modulates hyperglycemic memory in DN. In glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) cultured in high glucose and glomeruli of DN patients and rats, an increase in p65 phosphorylation and endothelial adhesion molecule levels persisted after glucose normalization but was reversed by glucose normalization associated with death-associated protein kinase-3 (DAPK3) knockout or DAPK3 inhibitor. High glucose-mediated decrease in sirt7, the deacetylase modulating H3K18-acetylation (H3K18ac), was sustained after normoglycemia. Sirt7 overexpression accompanied by glucose normalization suppressed DAPK3 expression and inflammation in GECs. Moreover, sh-sirt7-induced inflammation was inhibited by si-DAPK3. Furthermore, sirt7 and H3K18ac were located at the DAPK3 promoter region. ELK1 was found to combine with sirt7. si-ELK1 supplemented with normoglycemia inhibited high glucose-induced DAPK3 expression and inflammation in GECs. ELK1 overexpression-mediated inflammation was inhibited by si-DAPK3. In addition, ELK1 and sirt7 were located at the same promoter region of DAPK3. ELK1 overexpression enhanced DAPK3 promoter activity, which disappeared after specific binding site mutation. In vivo, sirt7 overexpression decreased inflammation and improved renal function during insulin treatment of DN rats, whereas insulin alone did not work. Our data demonstrated high glucose-mediated mutual inhibition between sirt7 and ELK1 induced DAPK3 transcription and inflammation despite normoglycemia in GECs, thus forming a vicious cycle and participating in the occurrence of hyperglycemic memory in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Huzhou Maternal & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenting Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lang Yu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of HuZhou University, No.1558 Sanhuan North Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengfeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of HuZhou University, No.1558 Sanhuan North Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of HuZhou University, No.1558 Sanhuan North Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Zhang Z, Sun Y, Xue J, Jin D, Li X, Zhao D, Lian F, Qi W, Tong X. The critical role of dysregulated autophagy in the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:977410. [PMID: 36091814 PMCID: PMC9453227 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.977410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the major public health problems in society today. It is a renal complication caused by diabetes mellitus with predominantly microangiopathy and is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Autophagy is a metabolic pathway for the intracellular degradation of cytoplasmic products and damaged organelles and plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and function of the renal cells. The dysregulation of autophagy in the hyperglycaemic state of diabetes mellitus can lead to the progression of DKD, and the activation or restoration of autophagy through drugs is beneficial to the recovery of renal function. This review summarizes the physiological process of autophagy, illustrates the close link between DKD and autophagy, and discusses the effects of drugs on autophagy and the signaling pathways involved from the perspective of podocytes, renal tubular epithelial cells, and mesangial cells, in the hope that this will be useful for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - De Jin
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Wenxiu Qi, ; Xiaolin Tong,
| | - Wenxiu Qi
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Wenxiu Qi, ; Xiaolin Tong,
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Wenxiu Qi, ; Xiaolin Tong,
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13
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Dai R, Zhang L, Jin H, Wang D, Cheng M, Sang T, Peng C, Li Y, Wang Y. Autophagy in renal fibrosis: Protection or promotion? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:963920. [PMID: 36105212 PMCID: PMC9465674 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.963920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a process that degrades endogenous cellular protein aggregates and damaged organelles via the lysosomal pathway to maintain cellular homeostasis and energy production. Baseline autophagy in the kidney, which serves as a quality control system, is essential for cellular metabolism and organelle homeostasis. Renal fibrosis is the ultimate pathological manifestation of progressive chronic kidney disease. In several experimental models of renal fibrosis, different time points, stimulus intensities, factors, and molecular mechanisms mediating the upregulation or downregulation of autophagy may have different effects on renal fibrosis. Autophagy occurring in a single lesion may also exert several distinct biological effects on renal fibrosis. Thus, whether autophagy prevents or facilitates renal fibrosis remains a complex and challenging question. This review explores the different effects of the dual regulatory function of autophagy on renal fibrosis in different renal fibrosis models, providing ideas for future work in related basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Dai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Tian Sang
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chuyi Peng
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Li
- Blood Purification Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yiping Wang,
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14
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Liang S, Wu YS, Li DY, Tang JX, Liu HF. Autophagy and Renal Fibrosis. Aging Dis 2022; 13:712-731. [PMID: 35656109 PMCID: PMC9116923 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common process of almost all the chronic kidney diseases progressing to end-stage kidney disease. As a highly conserved lysosomal protein degradation pathway, autophagy is responsible for degrading protein aggregates, damaged organelles, or invading pathogens to maintain intracellular homeostasis. Growing evidence reveals that autophagy is involved in the progression of renal fibrosis, both in the tubulointerstitial compartment and in the glomeruli. Nevertheless, the specific role of autophagy in renal fibrosis has still not been fully understood. Therefore, in this review we will describe the characteristics of autophagy and summarize the recent advances in understanding the functions of autophagy in renal fibrosis. Moreover, the problem existing in this field and the possibility of autophagy as the potential therapeutic target for renal fibrosis have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liang
- 1Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-Shan Wu
- 1Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong-Yi Li
- 1Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji-Xin Tang
- 1Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.,2Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University (Foshan Shunde Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- 1Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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15
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SIRT2 Affects Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis by Suppressing the Level of Autophagy in Renal Podocytes. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:4586198. [PMID: 35493297 PMCID: PMC9054447 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4586198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Despite the discovery of many important molecules in diabetic nephropathy, there has been very limited progress in the management of diabetic kidney diseases and the design of new drugs. To fill this gap, the present study explored the expression of SIRT2 in high-glucose murine kidney foot cells and its impact on cell biological functions. Methods Expression levels of SIRT2 in the MPC-5 of murine kidney foot cells after high and normal glucose treatment or in cells targeted with siRNA were detected using qRT-PCR. Cellular proliferation and programmed cell death were analyzed via the CCK8 assay and flow cell technique, separately. Levels of autophagy markers were measured by western blotting, and chloroquine treatment was applied to the cells to observe the effect of SIRT2 on cell proliferation and apoptosis after treatment. Results The expression level of SIRT2 was remarkably upregulated in the high-GLU group in contrast to the low-GLU group. The cell proliferation and autophagy levels were significantly reduced, and apoptosis was remarkably reinforced in the high-GLU group in contrast to the normal GLU group. However, knocking down the expression level of SIRT2 caused an increase in cell proliferation and cell autophagy levels and significantly weakened apoptosis. Chloroquine influenced cell proliferation and apoptosis in cells targeted with SIRT2 siRNA. Conclusion SIRT2 expression was upregulated in hyperglycaemic murine kidney foot cells, and knocking down the expression level of SIRT2 affected the biological function of the cells. We found that SIRT2 may modulate cell proliferation and apoptosis by regulating cell autophagy.
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16
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Zhou X, Zhang Z, Shi H, Liu Q, Chang Y, Feng W, Zhu S, Sun S. Effects of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide on renal and testicular injury induced by di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Cell Stress Chaperones 2022; 27:257-271. [PMID: 35362893 PMCID: PMC9106773 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common environmental pollutant with renal and reproductive toxicity. Lycium barbarum glycopeptide (LbGp) is the main active component of Lycium barbarum, which can protect the kidney and promote reproduction. Autophagy and apoptosis are the regulatory mechanisms of cell adaptation to external stress. This study investigated whether DEHP and LbGp affect kidney and testis by regulating autophagy and apoptosis. DEHP induced apoptosis in human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK-293) cells and human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells, as well as glomerular enlargement, enhanced renal autophagy and inflammation, decreased testicular germ cells, and enhanced testicular autophagy. LbGp reduced apoptosis in HEK-293 cells and HK-2 cells, reduced glomerular enlargement and renal inflammation, enhanced renal autophagy, increased testicular germ cells, and alleviated testicular autophagy. These results suggested that DEHP induced inflammation to cause kidney injury, mildly enhanced renal autophagy, and also induced excessive autophagy, leading to testicular injury. LbGp reduced inflammation and appropriately enhanced autophagy to alleviate renal injury and also reduced excessive autophagy to alleviate testicular injury. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)/forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a)-mediated autophagy and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK)-mediated inflammation played important roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianling Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Heng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiubo Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yuling Chang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Weifeng Feng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Shengyun Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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17
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Fan Y, Fan H, Li P, Liu Q, Huang L, Zhou Y. Mitogen-activating protein kinase kinase kinase kinase-3, inhibited by Astragaloside IV through H3 lysine 4 monomethylation, promotes the progression of diabetic nephropathy by inducing apoptosis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11517-11529. [PMID: 35510516 PMCID: PMC9275872 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2068822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a bioactive saponin extracted from the Astragalus root and has been reported to exert a protective effect on diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we found that AS-IV treatment alleviated DN symptoms in DN mice accompanied by reduced metabolic parameters (body weight, urine microalbumin and creatinine, creatinine clearance, and serum urea nitrogen and creatinine), pathological changes, and apoptosis. Epigenetic histone modifications are closely related to diabetes and its complications, including H3 lysine 4 monomethylation (H3K4me1, a promoter of gene transcription). A ChIP-seq assay was conducted to identify the genes regulated by H3K4me1 in DN mice after AS-IV treatment and followed by a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. The results showed that there were 16 common genes targeted by H3K4me1 in normal and AS-IV-treated DN mice, 1148 genes were targeted by H3K4me1 only in DN mice. From the 1148 genes, we screened mitogen-activating protein kinase kinase kinase kinase-3 (MAP4K3) for the verification of gene expression and functional study. The results showed that MAP4K3 was significantly increased in DN mice and high glucose (HG)-treated NRK-52E cells, which was reversed by AS-IV. MAP4K3 silencing reduced the apoptosis of NRK-52E cells under HG condition, as evidenced by decreased cleaved caspase 3 and Bax (pro-apoptotic factors), and increased Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl (anti-apoptotic factors). Collectively, AS-IV may downregulate MAP4K3 expression by regulating H3K4me1 binding and further reducing apoptosis, which may be one of the potential mechanisms that AS-IV plays a protective effect on DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Fan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Fan
- Remote Consultation Center, Liaoyang Central Hospital, Liaoyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingshan Liu
- IKey Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine of Ministry of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixia Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Liu ZN, Su QQ, Wang YH, Wu X, Lv XW. Blockade of the P2Y2 Receptor Attenuates Alcoholic Liver Inflammation by Targeting the EGFR-ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:1107-1120. [PMID: 35444406 PMCID: PMC9013714 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s346376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ni Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian-Qian Su
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hui Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiong-Wen Lv
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiong-Wen Lv, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Li X, Lu L, Hou W, Wang F, Huang T, Meng Z, Zhu M. The SETD8/ELK1/bach1 complex regulates hyperglycaemia-mediated EndMT in diabetic nephropathy. J Transl Med 2022; 20:147. [PMID: 35351142 PMCID: PMC8961497 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the most common microvascular complication in patients with diabetes, induces kidney failure. Previous research showed that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) of human glomerular endothelial cells (HGECs) is involved in the progression of DN. Moreover, SET domain-containing protein 8 (SETD8), ETS-domain containing protein (ELK1) and BTB and CNC homology 1 (bach1) all participate in endothelial injury. In this study, we hypothesize that the SETD8/ELK1/bach1 functional axis is involved in mediating EndMT in diabetic nephropathy. Methods Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and qPCR were performed to determine the protein and mRNA levels of genes in HGECs and the kidney tissues of participants and rats. Immunofluorescence, Co-IP and GST pulldown assays were performed to verify the direct interaction between SETD8 and ELK1. ChIP and dual-luciferase assays were performed to determine the transcriptional regulation of bach1 and Snail. AVV-SETD8 injection in rat kidney was used to verify the potential protective effect of SETD8 on DN. Results Our current study showed that hyperglycaemia triggered EndMT by increasing Snail expression both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, high glucose increased bach1 expression in HGECs, positively regulating Snail and EndMT. As a transcription factor, ELK1 was augmented and participated in hyperglycaemia-induced EndMT via modulation of bach1 expression. Moreover, ELK1 was found to associate with SETD8. Furthermore, SETD8 negatively regulated EndMT by cooperating with bach1 to regulate Snail transcription. Furthermore, histone H4-Lys-20 monomethylation (H4K20me1), which is downstream of SETD8, was accompanied by ELK1 localization at the same promoter region of bach1. ELK1 overexpression enhanced bach1 promoter activity, which disappeared after specific binding site deletion. Mutual inhibition between ELK1 and SETD8 was found in HGECs. In vivo, SETD8 overexpression decreased ELK1 and bach1 expression, as well as EndMT. Moreover, SETD8 overexpression improved the renal function of rats with DN. Conclusions SETD8 cooperates with ELK1 to regulate bach1 transcription, thus participating in the progression of DN. In addition, SETD8 interacts with bach1 to modulate Snail transcription, thus inducing EndMT in DN. SETD8 plays a core role in the SETD8/ELK1/bach1 functional axis, which participates in hyperglycaemia-mediated EndMT in DN, and SETD8 may be a potential therapeutic target for DN. Trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000029425. 2020/1/31, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=48548 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03352-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenting Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Huzhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University, Affiliated Central Hospital of HuZhou University, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Tan HB, Zhao Q, Chen L. Penehyclidine hydrochloride suppresses inflammation response and reduces podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy by targeting fibrinogen-like protein 2. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108680. [PMID: 35303505 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the main complications of diabetes. Penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative stress effects. Nevertheless, whether PHC can be used to prevent podocyte injury has not been reported. OBJECTIVES This present study aimed to identify the functional role of PHC in DN as well as its underlying mechanism. METHODS The high-glucose (HG)-induced podocyte damage in vitro model was established. The proliferation, apoptotic rate, inflammatory factors, and gene/protein expressions of HG-induced MPC5 cells were determined using CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, ELISA, real-time PCR, and Western blot upon PHC treatment. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments and pull-down assay were performed to verify the interactions between fibrinogen-like protein 2 (Fgl2) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as well as TLR4 and NLRP3. A rat in vivo model was used to confirm the effect of PHC treatment. RESULTS PHC treatment reduced Fgl2 expression and inhibited HG-induced podocyte injury and DN-induced kidney damage. Flg2 was associated with TLR4 and NLRP3. It was further proved that PHC treatment suppressed the TLR4-NF-кB and NLRP3-Caspase-1 pathways through Fgl2, which eventually inhibited inflammatory cytokines and prevented HG-induced podocyte injury both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION PHC treatment possibly ameliorates DN by preventing podocyte injury via inactivating the TLR4-NF-кB and NLRP3-Caspase-1 signaling pathways by Flg2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bao Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha 410006, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha 410006, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (the Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, P.R. China.
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21
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Ying C, Zhou Z, Dai J, Wang M, Xiang J, Sun D, Zhou X. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by RAC1 mediates a new mechanism in diabetic nephropathy. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:191-204. [PMID: 35028708 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation is central to the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Although the exact mechanisms of inflammation in the kidney have not been well elucidated, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation is involved in the onset and progression of DN. Here, we investigated the underlying regulatory mechanisms of hyperglycaemia-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the kidney. METHODS HEK293T cells received high glucose, and the cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected. Biochemical indicators in db/db mice were tested by kits, and the morphological changes in the kidney were observed using staining methods and transmission electron microscopy. The interaction of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) and NLRP3 inflammasome in cells and in mice was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and immunofluorescence. Expression of all proteins was examined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In additional, the directly combination of RAC1 and NLRP3 was evaluated by GST Pulldown. RESULTS High-glucose and hyperglycaemia conditions resulted in Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) and NLRP3 inflammasome interactions in cells and in mice. Additionally, RAC1 promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation and then induced cell damage, and morphological and functional abnormalities in the kidney. We also observed that RAC1 activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by directly binding to NLRP3. CONCLUSION In the present study, we confirmed that RAC1 binding to NLRP3 is sufficient to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in the kidney and accelerate DN pathological processes. These results elucidate the upstream cellular and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and provide new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Ying
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhou
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Dai
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Qi W, Hu C, Zhao D, Li X. SIRT1-SIRT7 in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Biological Functions and Molecular Mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:801303. [PMID: 35634495 PMCID: PMC9136398 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.801303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe microvascular complication in patients with diabetes and is one of the main causes of renal failure. The current clinical treatment methods for DKD are not completely effective, and further exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology of DKD is necessary to improve and promote the treatment strategy. Sirtuins are class III histone deacetylases, which play an important role in many biological functions, including DNA repair, apoptosis, cell cycle, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, lifespan, and aging. In the last decade, research on sirtuins and DKD has gained increasing attention, and it is important to summarize the relationship between DKD and sirtuins to increase the awareness of DKD and improve the cure rates. We have found that miRNAs, lncRNAs, compounds, or drugs that up-regulate the activity and expression of sirtuins play protective roles in renal function. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the biological functions, molecular targets, mechanisms, and signaling pathways of SIRT1-SIRT7 in DKD models. Existing research has shown that sirtuins have the potential as effective targets for the clinical treatment of DKD. This review aims to lay a solid foundation for clinical research and provide a theoretical basis to slow the development of DKD in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Qi
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Wenxiu Qi,
| | - Cheng Hu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin City, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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23
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Ao L, Xie Y. Research advance in the mechanism for oxidative stress-induced podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 46:1403-1408. [PMID: 35232911 PMCID: PMC10930572 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.210199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), and it is also the leading cause for the end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), but the clinical treatment for it is limited at present. The pathogenesis of DKD is complex. Many studies have shown that podocyte injury is the core event of DKD, and oxidative stress is closely related to podocyte injury in DKD. Oxidative stress mediates podocyte apoptosis and slit diaphragm damage in DKD through various pathways. The antioxidant drugs can slow down the progression of DKD through reducing podocyte injury and are expected to enter clinical trials. The research status of antioxidant drugs is very important, which will provide new strategies for the clinical treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Ao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Orgean Fabrosis Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Yanyun Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Orgean Fabrosis Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China.
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24
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Szrejder M, Rogacka D, Piwkowska A. Purinergic P2 receptors: Involvement and therapeutic implications in diabetes-related glomerular injury. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 714:109078. [PMID: 34742673 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The purinergic activation of P2 receptors initiates a powerful and rapid signaling cascade that contributes to the regulation of an array of physiological and pathophysiological processes in many organs, including the kidney. P2 receptors are broadly distributed in both epithelial and vascular renal cells. Disturbances of purinergic signaling can lead to impairments in renal function. A growing body of evidence indicates changes in P2 receptor expression and nucleotide metabolism in chronic renal injury and inflammatory diseases. Increasing attention has focused on purinergic P2X7 receptors, which are not normally expressed in healthy kidney tissue but are highly expressed at sites of tissue damage and inflammation. Under hyperglycemic conditions, several mechanisms that are linked to purinergic signaling and involve nucleotide release and degradation are disrupted, resulting in the accumulation of adenosine 5'-triphosphate in the bloodstream in diabetes. Dysfunction of the purinergic system might be associated with serious vascular complications in diabetes, including diabetic nephropathy. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the role of P2 receptors in diabetes-related glomerular injury and its implications for new therapeutics for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Szrejder
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Dorota Rogacka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk, Poland
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25
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Jalgaonkar MP, Parmar UM, Kulkarni YA, Oza MJ. SIRT1-FOXOs activity regulates diabetic complications. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106014. [PMID: 34856334 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes is continuously increasing in the recent decades. Persistent hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and the subsequent oxidative stress result in diabetic complications, primarily categorized as microvascular (nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy) and macrovascular (cardiomyopathy) complications. The complications are prevalent in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Polyol pathway, elevated AGE production, PKC activation and hexosamine pathway are indeed the critical pathways involved in the progression of diabetic complications. Silent information regulator 2 or SIR2 or more commonly known as sirtuins are NAD+ dependent histone deacetylase. SIRT1, a member of the sirtuin family has been extensively studied for its role in lifespan extension and needs to be explored for its beneficial effects in diabetic complications. Moreover, it is also known to regulate the activity of other proteins and transcription factors. One such substrate of SIRT1 is FOXOs transcription factor which has gained much attention as the mediator of various cellular processes such as cell cycle arrest and proliferation, DNA repair and metabolism. It has been reported that SIRT1 regulates the activity of FOXOs, whereas few recent advances also suggest a role FOXOs in governing the activity of SIRT1, which permits for a crosstalk between SIRT1 and FOXOs. Therefore, the focus of the present review is to describe and explore the interaction between SIRT1 and FOXOs, predominantly FOXO1 and FOXO3 and to understand the underlying mechanism of SIRT1-FOXOs in controlling and alleviating diabetic complications. Thus, this crosstalk suggests that SIRT1 and FOXOs may serve as potential therapeutic targets in treating diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjiri P Jalgaonkar
- SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Urvi M Parmar
- SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Manisha J Oza
- SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
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26
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Chang J, Yan J, Li X, Liu N, Zheng R, Zhong Y. Update on the Mechanisms of Tubular Cell Injury in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:661076. [PMID: 33859992 PMCID: PMC8042139 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.661076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a role of proximal tubular (PT) injury in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), in patients with or without proteinuria. Research on the mechanisms of the PT injury in DKD could help us to identify potential new biomarkers and drug targets for DKD. A high glucose transport state and mismatched local hypoxia in the PT of diabetes patients may be the initiating factors causing PT injury. Other mechanism such as mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, ER stress, and deficiency of autophagy interact with each other leading to more PT injury by forming a vicious circle. PT injury eventually leads to the development of tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis in DKD. Many downstream signaling pathways have been demonstrated to mediate these diseased processes. This review focuses mostly on the novel mechanisms of proximal renal tubular injury in DKD and we believe such review could help us to better understand the pathogenesis of DKD and identify potential new therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueling Li
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Geniposide Improves Diabetic Nephropathy by Enhancing ULK1-Mediated Autophagy and Reducing Oxidative Stress through AMPK Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041651. [PMID: 33562139 PMCID: PMC7915505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common pathological feature in patients with diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Although several pharmacological agents have been developed, the management of DN remains challenging. Geniposide, a natural compound has been reported for anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects; however, its role in DN remains poorly understood. This study investigated the protective effects of geniposide on DN and its underlying mechanisms. We used a C57BL/6 mouse model of DN in combination with a high-fat diet and streptozotocin after unilateral nephrectomy and treated with geniposide by oral gavage for 5 weeks. Geniposide effectively improves DN-induced renal structural and functional abnormalities by reducing albuminuria, podocyte loss, glomerular and tubular injury, renal inflammation and interstitial fibrosis. These changes induced by geniposide were associated with an increase of AMPK activity to enhance ULK1-mediated autophagy response and a decrease of AKT activity to block oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in diabetic kidney. In addition, geniposide increased the activities of PKA and GSK3β, possibly modulating AMPK and AKT pathways, efficiently improving renal dysfunction and ameliorating the progression of DN. Conclusively, geniposide enhances ULK1-mediated autophagy and reduces oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis, suggesting geniposide as a promising treatment for DN.
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Wang JT, Yu ZY, Tao YH, Liu YC, Wang YM, Guo QL, Xue JZ, Wen XH, Zhang Q, Xu XD, He CF, Xue WJ, Guo JC, Zhou HG. A novel palmitic acid hydroxy stearic acid (5-PAHSA) plays a neuroprotective role by inhibiting phosphorylation of the m-TOR-ULK1 pathway and regulating autophagy. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:484-496. [PMID: 33459523 PMCID: PMC7941174 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can lead to brain dysfunction and a series of neurological complications. Previous research demonstrated that a novel palmitic acid (5‐PAHSA) exerts effect on glucose tolerance and chronic inflammation. Autophagy was important in diabetic‐related neurodegeneration. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether 5‐PAHSA has specific therapeutic effects on neurological dysfunction in diabetics, particularly with regard to autophagy. Methods 5‐PAHSA was successfully synthesized according to a previously described protocol. We then carried out a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments using PC12 cells under diabetic conditions, and DB/DB mice, respectively. PC12 cells were treated with 5‐PAHSA for 24 h, while mice were administered with 5‐PAHSA for 30 days. At the end of each experiment, we analyzed glucolipid metabolism, autophagy, apoptosis, oxidative stress, cognition, and a range of inflammatory factors. Results Although there was no significant improvement in glucose metabolism in mice administered with 5‐PAHSA, ox‐LDL decreased significantly following the administration of 5‐PAHSA in serum of DB/DB mice (p < 0.0001). We also found that the phosphorylation of m‐TOR and ULK‐1 was suppressed in both PC12 cells and DB/DB mice following the administration of 5‐PAHSA (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01), although increased levels of autophagy were only observed in vitro (p < 0.05). Following the administration of 5‐PAHSA, the concentration of ROS decreased in PC12 cells and the levels of CRP increased in high‐dose group of 5‐PAHSA (p < 0.01). There were no significant changes in terms of apoptosis, other inflammatory factors, or cognition in DB/DB mice following the administration of 5‐PAHSA. Conclusion We found that 5‐PAHSA can enhance autophagy in PC12 cells under diabetic conditions. Our data demonstrated that 5‐PAHSA inhibits phosphorylation of the m‐TOR‐ULK1 pathway and suppressed oxidative stress in PC12 cells, and exerted influence on lipid metabolism in DB/DB mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Tao Wang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology of Huashan Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Yu
- Department of Geriatric Neurology of Huashan Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Hong Tao
- Department of Medical Examination Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Chao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-Mei Wang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology of Huashan Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Lin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Xue
- Department of Neurology, Fifth Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Changshu Second People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Changshu, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Die Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Feng He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Chun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hou-Guang Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Neurology of Huashan Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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