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Cardoso S, Carvalho C, Correia SC, Moreira PI. Protective effects of 2,4-dinitrophenol in okadaic acid-induced cellular model of Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167222. [PMID: 38729530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) research started several decades ago and despite the many efforts employed to develop new treatments or approaches to slow and/or revert disease progression, AD treatment remains an unsolved issue. Knowing that mitochondria loss of function is a central hub for many AD-associated pathophysiological processes, there has been renewed interest in exploring mitochondria as targets for intervention. In this perspective, the present study was aimed to investigate the possible beneficial effects of 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP), a mitochondrial uncoupler agent, in an in vitro model of AD. Retinoic acid-induced differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with okadaic acid (OA), a neurotoxin often used as an AD experimental model, and/or with DNP. OA caused a decrease in neuronal cells viability, induced multiple mitochondrial anomalies including increased levels of reactive oxygen species, decreased bioenergetics and mitochondria content markers, and an altered mitochondria morphology. OA-treated cells also presented increased lipid peroxidation levels, and overactivation of tau related kinases (GSK3β, ERK1/2 and AMPK) alongside with a significant augment in tau protein phosphorylation levels. Interestingly, DNP co-treatment ameliorated and rescued OA-induced detrimental effects not only on mitochondria but also but also reinstated signaling pathways homeostasis and ameliorated tau pathology. Overall, our results show for the first time that DNP has the potential to preserve mitochondria homeostasis under a toxic insult, like OA exposure, as well as to reestablish cellular signaling homeostasis. These observations foster the idea that DNP, as a mitochondrial modulator, might represent a new avenue for treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cardoso
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; IIIU - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Carvalho
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; IIIU - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia C Correia
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; IIIU - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
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2
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Zunica ERM, Axelrod CL, Gilmore LA, Gnaiger E, Kirwan JP. The bioenergetic landscape of cancer. Mol Metab 2024; 86:101966. [PMID: 38876266 PMCID: PMC11259816 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioenergetic remodeling of core energy metabolism is essential to the initiation, survival, and progression of cancer cells through exergonic supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and metabolic intermediates, as well as control of redox homeostasis. Mitochondria are evolutionarily conserved organelles that mediate cell survival by conferring energetic plasticity and adaptive potential. Mitochondrial ATP synthesis is coupled to the oxidation of a variety of substrates generated through diverse metabolic pathways. As such, inhibition of the mitochondrial bioenergetic system by restricting metabolite availability, direct inhibition of the respiratory Complexes, altering organelle structure, or coupling efficiency may restrict carcinogenic potential and cancer progression. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here, we review the role of bioenergetics as the principal conductor of energetic functions and carcinogenesis while highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial functions. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial bioenergetics significantly contribute to cancer initiation and survival. As a result, therapies designed to limit oxidative efficiency may reduce tumor burden and enhance the efficacy of currently available antineoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R M Zunica
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Christopher L Axelrod
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - L Anne Gilmore
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | | | - John P Kirwan
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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3
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Ng MY, Song ZJ, Tan CH, Bassetto M, Hagen T. Structural investigations on the mitochondrial uncouplers niclosamide and FCCP. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:1057-1071. [PMID: 38750619 PMCID: PMC11216929 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
There has been renewed interest in using mitochondrial uncoupler compounds such as niclosamide and carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP) for the treatment of obesity, hepatosteatosis and diseases where oxidative stress plays a role. However, both FCCP and niclosamide have undesirable effects that are not due to mitochondrial uncoupling, such as inhibition of mitochondrial oxygen consumption by FCCP and induction of DNA damage by niclosamide. Through structure-activity analysis, we identified FCCP analogues that do not inhibit mitochondrial oxygen consumption but still provided good, although less potent, uncoupling activity. We also characterized the functional role of the niclosamide 4'-nitro group, the phenolic hydroxy group and the anilide amino group in mediating uncoupling activity. Our structural investigations provide important information that will aid further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ying Ng
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Present address:
Department of Cancer BiologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Zhi Jian Song
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore
| | - Choon Hong Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore
| | - Marcella Bassetto
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityUK
| | - Thilo Hagen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
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4
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Zhang R, Yan Z, Zhong H, Luo R, Liu W, Xiong S, Liu Q, Liu M. Gut microbial metabolites in MASLD: Implications of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis and treatment. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0484. [PMID: 38967596 PMCID: PMC11227362 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
With an increasing prevalence, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become a major global health problem. MASLD is well-known as a multifactorial disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction and alterations in the gut bacteria are 2 vital events in MASLD. Recent studies have highlighted the cross-talk between microbiota and mitochondria, and mitochondria are recognized as pivotal targets of the gut microbiota to modulate the host's physiological state. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a vital role in MASLD and is associated with multiple pathological changes, including hepatocyte steatosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Metabolites are crucial mediators of the gut microbiota that influence extraintestinal organs. Additionally, regulation of the composition of gut bacteria may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for MASLD. This study reviewed the potential roles of several common metabolites in MASLD, emphasizing their impact on mitochondrial function. Finally, we discuss the current treatments for MASLD, including probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. These methods concentrate on restoring the gut microbiota to promote host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhan Zhang
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina, and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaobo Yan
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina, and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Huan Zhong
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina, and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Luo
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Weiai Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Shulin Xiong
- Department of Preventive Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Qianyan Liu
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina, and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Liu
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina, and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
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5
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Dell'Anno I, Morani F, Patergnani S, Daga A, Pinton P, Giorgi C, Mutti L, Gemignani F, Landi S. Thonzonium bromide inhibits progression of malignant pleural mesothelioma through regulation of ERK1/2 and p38 pathways and mitochondrial uncoupling. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:226. [PMID: 38951927 PMCID: PMC11218145 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. Current therapies are unsatisfactory and novel cures are urgently needed. In a previous drug screening, we identified thonzonium bromide (TB) as one of the most active compounds against MPM cells. Since the biological effects of TB are poorly known, in this work we departed from some hints of previous studies and investigated several hypotheses. Moreover, we evaluated the efficacy of TB in an in vivo xenograft rodent model. METHODS In vitro assessment was made on five MPM (Mero-14, Mero-25, Ren, NCI-H28, MSTO-211H) and one SV40-immortalized mesothelial cell line (MeT-5A). We evaluated TB ability to affect proliferation, apoptosis, mitochondrial functions and metabolism, and the mevalonate pathway. In vivo assay was carried out on MPM-xenograft NOD-SCID mice (4 mg/kg delivered intraperitoneally, twice a week for 4 weeks) and the overall survival was analysed with Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS After TB treatment, we observed the suppression of ERK 1/2 phosphorylation, the increase of BAX expression and p38 phosphorylation. TB affected Ca2+ homeostasis in both mitochondrial and cytosolic compartments, it regulated the mitochondrial functioning, respiration, and ATP production as well as the mevalonate pathway. The in vivo study showed an increased overall survival for TB treated group vs. vehicle control group (P = 0.0076). CONCLUSIONS Both in vitro and in vivo results confirmed the effect of TB on MPM and unravelled novel targets with translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Daga
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luciano Mutti
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA.
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | | | - Stefano Landi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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6
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von Maydell D, Wright S, Bonner JM, Staab C, Spitaleri A, Liu L, Pao PC, Yu CJ, Scannail AN, Li M, Boix CA, Mathys H, Leclerc G, Menchaca GS, Welch G, Graziosi A, Leary N, Samaan G, Kellis M, Tsai LH. Single-cell atlas of ABCA7 loss-of-function reveals impaired neuronal respiration via choline-dependent lipid imbalances. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.05.556135. [PMID: 38979214 PMCID: PMC11230156 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.05.556135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Loss-of-function (LoF) variants in the lipid transporter ABCA7 significantly increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (odds ratio ∼2), yet the pathogenic mechanisms and the neural cell types affected by these variants remain largely unknown. Here, we performed single-nuclear RNA sequencing of 36 human post-mortem samples from the prefrontal cortex of 12 ABCA7 LoF carriers and 24 matched non-carrier control individuals. ABCA7 LoF was associated with gene expression changes in all major cell types. Excitatory neurons, which expressed the highest levels of ABCA7, showed transcriptional changes related to lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, cell cycle-related pathways, and synaptic signaling. ABCA7 LoF-associated transcriptional changes in neurons were similarly perturbed in carriers of the common AD missense variant ABCA7 p.Ala1527Gly (n = 240 controls, 135 carriers), indicating that findings from our study may extend to large portions of the at-risk population. Consistent with ABCA7's function as a lipid exporter, lipidomic analysis of isogenic iPSC-derived neurons (iNs) revealed profound intracellular triglyceride accumulation in ABCA7 LoF, which was accompanied by a relative decrease in phosphatidylcholine abundance. Metabolomic and biochemical analyses of iNs further indicated that ABCA7 LoF was associated with disrupted mitochondrial bioenergetics that suggested impaired lipid breakdown by uncoupled respiration. Treatment of ABCA7 LoF iNs with CDP-choline (a rate-limiting precursor of phosphatidylcholine synthesis) reduced triglyceride accumulation and restored mitochondrial function, indicating that ABCA7 LoF-induced phosphatidylcholine dyshomeostasis may directly disrupt mitochondrial metabolism of lipids. Treatment with CDP-choline also rescued intracellular amyloid β -42 levels in ABCA7 LoF iNs, further suggesting a link between ABCA7 LoF metabolic disruptions in neurons and AD pathology. This study provides a detailed transcriptomic atlas of ABCA7 LoF in the human brain and mechanistically links ABCA7 LoF-induced lipid perturbations to neuronal energy dyshomeostasis. In line with a growing body of evidence, our study highlights the central role of lipid metabolism in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease.
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7
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Samartsev VN, Belosludtsev KN, Pavlova EK, Pavlova SI, Semenova AA, Dubinin MV. Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Interaction of Protonophore Uncouplers and Decoupling Agents with Functionally Active Mitochondria. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01343-4. [PMID: 38856833 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to quantitatively characterize the effectiveness of oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers and decoupling agents in functionally active mitochondria, taking into account their content in the hydrophobic region of the inner membrane of these organelles. When conducting theoretical studies, it is accepted that uncouplers and decouplers occupy part of the volume of mitochondria to exhibit their activity, which is defined as the effective volume. The following quantities characterizing the action of these reagents are considered: (1) concentrations of reagents that cause double stimulation of mitochondrial respiration in state 4 (C 200 ); (2) effective distribution coefficient (E MW ) - the ratio of the amount of reagents in the effective volume of mitochondria and the water volume; (3) the relative amount of reagents associated with the effective volume of mitochondria (U M / U T ); (4) specific activity of reagents localized in the effective volume of mitochondria (A M ). We have developed methods for determining these values, based on an analysis of the dependence of the rate of mitochondrial respiration on the concentration of uncouplers and decoupling agents at two different concentrations of mitochondrial protein in the incubation medium. During experimental studies, we compared the effects of the classical protonophore uncouplers 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and сarbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), the natural uncouplers lauric and palmitic acids, and the natural decouplers α,ω-tetradecanedioic (TDA) and α,ω-hexadecanedioic (HDA) acids that differ both in the structure of the molecule and in the degree of solubility in lipids. Using the developed methods, we have clarified the dependence of the degree of activity of these uncouplers and decoupling agents on the distribution of their molecules between the effective volume of mitochondria and the water volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N Samartsev
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia
| | - Konstantin N Belosludtsev
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia
- Institute of theoretical and experimental biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Evgenia K Pavlova
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia
| | - Svetlana I Pavlova
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia
| | - Alena A Semenova
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Dubinin
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia.
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8
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Sharma AK, Khandelwal R, Wolfrum C. Futile cycles: Emerging utility from apparent futility. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1184-1203. [PMID: 38565147 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Futile cycles are biological phenomena where two opposing biochemical reactions run simultaneously, resulting in a net energy loss without appreciable productivity. Such a state was presumed to be a biological aberration and thus deemed an energy-wasting "futile" cycle. However, multiple pieces of evidence suggest that biological utilities emerge from futile cycles. A few established functions of futile cycles are to control metabolic sensitivity, modulate energy homeostasis, and drive adaptive thermogenesis. Yet, the physiological regulation, implication, and pathological relevance of most futile cycles remain poorly studied. In this review, we highlight the abundance and versatility of futile cycles and propose a classification scheme. We further discuss the energetic implications of various futile cycles and their impact on basal metabolic rate, their bona fide and tentative pathophysiological implications, and putative drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Radhika Khandelwal
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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9
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Caggiano EG, Taniguchi CM. UCP2 and pancreatic cancer: conscious uncoupling for therapeutic effect. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:777-794. [PMID: 38194152 PMCID: PMC11156755 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has an exaggerated dependence on mitochondrial metabolism, but methods to specifically target the mitochondria without off target effects in normal tissues that rely on these organelles is a significant challenge. The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) has potential as a cancer-specific drug target, and thus, we will review the known biology of UCP2 and discuss its potential role in the pathobiology and future therapy of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Caggiano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Cullen M Taniguchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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10
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Bednarski TK, Rahim M, Hasenour CM, Banerjee DR, Trenary IA, Wasserman DH, Young JD. Pharmacological SERCA activation limits diet-induced steatohepatitis and restores liver metabolic function in mice. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100558. [PMID: 38729350 PMCID: PMC11179628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is the most common form of liver disease and poses significant health risks to patients who progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Fatty acid overload alters endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium stores and induces mitochondrial oxidative stress in hepatocytes, leading to hepatocellular inflammation and apoptosis. Obese mice have impaired liver sarco/ER Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) function, which normally maintains intracellular calcium homeostasis by transporting Ca2+ ions from the cytoplasm to the ER. We hypothesized that restoration of SERCA activity would improve diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice by limiting ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. WT and melanocortin-4 receptor KO (Mc4r-/-) mice were placed on either chow or Western diet (WD) for 8 weeks. Half of the WD-fed mice were administered CDN1163 to activate SERCA, which reduced liver fibrosis and inflammation. SERCA activation also restored glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, improved histological markers of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, increased expression of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased expression of oxidative stress and ER stress genes. CDN1163 decreased hepatic citric acid cycle flux and liver pyruvate cycling, enhanced expression of mitochondrial respiratory genes, and shifted hepatocellular [NADH]/[NAD+] and [NADPH]/[NADP+] ratios to a less oxidized state, which was associated with elevated PUFA content of liver lipids. In sum, the data demonstrate that pharmacological SERCA activation limits metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease progression and prevents metabolic dysfunction induced by WD feeding in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz K Bednarski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mohsin Rahim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Clinton M Hasenour
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Deveena R Banerjee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Irina A Trenary
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jamey D Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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11
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Jokinen MJ, Luukkonen PK. Hepatic mitochondrial reductive stress in the pathogenesis and treatment of steatotic liver disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:319-334. [PMID: 38471991 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Steatotic liver diseases (SLDs) affect one-third of the population, but the pathogenesis underlying these diseases is not well understood, limiting the available treatments. A common factor in SLDs is increased hepatic mitochondrial reductive stress, which occurs as a result of excessive lipid and alcohol metabolism. Recent research has also shown that genetic risk factors contribute to this stress. This review aims to explore how these risk factors increase hepatic mitochondrial reductive stress and how it disrupts hepatic metabolism, leading to SLDs. Additionally, the review will discuss the latest clinical studies on pharmaceutical treatments for SLDs, specifically peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonists, thyroid hormone receptor (THR) agonists, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors, and mitochondrial uncouplers. These treatments have a common effect of decreasing hepatic mitochondrial reductive stress, which has been largely overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari J Jokinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Panu K Luukkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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12
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Toktogulova N, Breidert M, Eschbach J, Kudaibergenova I, Omurzakova U, Uvaidillaeva F, Tagaeva B, Sultanalieva R, Eftekhari P. Energy Metabolism in Residents in the Low- and Moderate Altitude Regions of Central Asia with MAFLD and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Horm Metab Res 2024; 56:294-299. [PMID: 38373717 DOI: 10.1055/a-2256-6358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The knowledge about the features of energy metabolism in MAFLD in the population living at different climatic and geographic heights is lacking. The goal of this study is to explore the biochemical parameters of blood and erythrocyte energy consumption in patients with MAFLD with and without DM2 living in the low- and moderate-altitude regions of Central Asia. Our study was carried out on patients living in low-altitude mountains: Bishkek, altitude=750-800 m; n=67 (MAFLD with DM 2: n=24; MAFLD without DM2: n=25; control: n=18), and At-Bashy District, Naryn Region, altitude=2046-2300 m; n=58 (MAFLD with DM2: n=28; MAFLD without DM2: n=18; control: n=12). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was diagnosed according to history, laboratory tests, liver ultrasound, and exclusion of other liver diseases. The level of liver fibrosis was determined using the FIB-4 score. Blood adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) was determined using the CellTiter-Glo method. Healthy residents living in moderate altitudes have significantly higher levels of cytosolic ATP in their blood (p+≤+0.05) than residents living in low mountains. MAFLD is characterized by an increase in the level of ATP concentration in their blood. ATP concentration decreased significantly in patients with MAFLD with DM2 living in moderate-altitude in comparison to those living in low-altitude mountains. The results suggest that chronic altitude hypoxia leads to a breakdown in adaptive mechanisms of energy metabolism of ATP in patients with MAFLD with type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurgul Toktogulova
- Hospital Therapy, IK Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy Faculty of General Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | | | - Judith Eschbach
- Inoviem Scientific Research, Inoviem Scientific SAS, Illkirch, France
| | - Indira Kudaibergenova
- Kyrgyz State Medical Institute of Post-Graduate Training and Advanced Training named after S B Daniyarov, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Uulkan Omurzakova
- Hospital Therapy, IK Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy Faculty of General Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Feruzakhan Uvaidillaeva
- Hospital Therapy, IK Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy Faculty of General Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Bermet Tagaeva
- Hospital Therapy, IK Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy Faculty of General Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Roza Sultanalieva
- Therapy1, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after B N Yeltsin, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
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13
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Zhong Y, Liu H, Chen F, He Q, Zhang X, Lan L, Yang C. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of thiazolyl-halogenated pyrroles or pyrazoles as novel antibacterial and antibiofilm agents. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116221. [PMID: 38382392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The formation of biofilm is one of the important factors for bacteria to develop drug-resistant. A series of halogenated-pyrroles or pyrazoles containing thiazole groups as antibacterial agents were designed and synthesized to target biofilms. Among them, compound 8c showed antibacterial activity against various Gram-positive bacteria, particularly against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (MIC ≤0.125 μg/mL). Additionally, this compound significantly inhibited biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at sub-MIC doses. Furthermore, compound 8c exhibited significantly lower mammalian cell toxicity compared to pyrrolomycin C and its hepatic microsomal metabolic stability in various species was also evaluated. Further experiment on the infection model of Galleria mellonella proved that the compound was effective in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feifei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lefu Lan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Chunhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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14
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Kirsanov R, Khailova LS, Rokitskaya TI, Lyamzaev KG, Panteleeva AA, Nazarov PA, Firsov AM, Iaubasarova IR, Korshunova GA, Kotova EA, Antonenko YN. Synthesis of Triphenylphosphonium-Linked Derivative of 3,5-Di tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene-malononitrile (SF6847) via Knoevenagel Reaction Yields an Effective Mitochondria-Targeted Protonophoric Uncoupler. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11551-11561. [PMID: 38496966 PMCID: PMC10938414 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial uncouplers are actively sought as potential therapeutics. Here, we report the first successful synthesis of mitochondria-targeted derivatives of the highly potent uncoupler 3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene-malononitrile (SF6847), bearing a cationic alkyl(triphenyl)phosphonium (TPP) group. As a key step of the synthesis, we used condensation of a ketophenol with malononitrile via the Knoevenagel reaction. SF-C5-TPP with a pentamethylene linker between SF6847 and TPP, stimulating respiration and collapsing membrane potential of rat liver mitochondria at submicromolar concentrations, proved to be the most effective uncoupler of the series. SF-C5-TPP showed pronounced protonophoric activity on a model planar bilayer lipid membrane. Importantly, SF-C5-TPP exhibited rather low toxicity in fibroblast cell culture, causing mitochondrial depolarization in cells at concentrations that only slightly affected cell viability. SF-C5-TPP was more effective in decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential in the cell culture than SF6847, in contrast to the case of isolated mitochondria. Like other zwitterionic uncouplers, SF-C5-TPP inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis in the micromolar concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman
S. Kirsanov
- Belozersky
Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ljudmila S. Khailova
- Belozersky
Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana I. Rokitskaya
- Belozersky
Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin G. Lyamzaev
- Belozersky
Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- The
“Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology” of
the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alisa A. Panteleeva
- Belozersky
Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Nazarov
- Belozersky
Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Firsov
- Belozersky
Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Iliuza R. Iaubasarova
- Belozersky
Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina A. Korshunova
- Belozersky
Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A. Kotova
- Belozersky
Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri N. Antonenko
- Belozersky
Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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15
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Zheng LY, Da YX, Luo X, Zhang X, Sun ZJ, Dong DL. Sorafenib extends the lifespan of C. elegans through mitochondrial uncoupling mechanism. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 214:101-113. [PMID: 38360276 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Sorafenib is a targeted anticancer drug in clinic. Low-dose sorafenib has been reported to activate AMPK through inducing mitochondrial uncoupling without detectable toxicities. AMPK activation has been the approach for extending lifespan, therefore, we investigated the effect of sorafenib on lifespan and physical activity of C. elegans and the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we found that the effect of sorafenib on C. elegans lifespan was typically hermetic. Sorafenib treatment at higher concentrations (100 μM) was toxic but at lower concentrations (1, 2.5, 5 μM) was beneficial to C. elegans. Sorafenib (1 μM) treatment for whole-life period extended C. elegans lifespan and improved C. elegans physical activity as manifested by increasing pharyngeal pumping and body movement, preserving intestinal barrier integrity, muscle fibers organization and mitochondrial morphology. In addition, sorafenib (1 μM) treatment enhanced C. elegans stress resistance. Sorafenib activated AMPK through inducing mitochondrial uncoupling in C. elegans. Sorafenib treatment activated DAF-16, SKN-1, and increased SOD-3, HSP-16.2, GST-4 expression in C. elegans. Sorafenib treatment induced AMPK-dependent autophagy in C. elegans. We conclude that low-dose sorafenib protects C. elegans against aging through activating AMPK/DAF-16 dependent anti-oxidant pathways and stimulating autophagy responses. Low-dose sorafenib could be a strategy for treating aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xin Da
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jie Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - De-Li Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Mahler CA, Snoke DB, Cole RM, Angelotti A, Sparagna GC, Baskin KK, Ni A, Belury MA. Consuming a Linoleate-Rich Diet Increases Concentrations of Tetralinoleoyl Cardiolipin in Mouse Liver and Alters Hepatic Mitochondrial Respiration. J Nutr 2024; 154:856-865. [PMID: 38160803 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction is a major cause of fat accumulation in the liver. Individuals with fatty liver conditions have hepatic mitochondrial structural abnormalities and a switch in the side chain composition of the mitochondrial phospholipid, cardiolipin, from poly- to monounsaturated fatty acids. Linoleic acid (LA), an essential dietary fatty acid, is required to remodel nascent cardiolipin (CL) to its tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin (L4CL, CL with 4 LA side chains) form, which is integral for mitochondrial membrane structure and function to promote fatty acid oxidation. It is unknown, however, whether increasing LA in the diet can increase hepatic L4CL concentrations and improve mitochondrial respiration in the liver compared with a diet rich in monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids. OBJECTIVES The main aim of this study was to test the ability of a diet fortified with LA-rich safflower oil (SO), compared with the one fortified with lard (LD), to increase concentrations of L4CL and improve mitochondrial respiration in the livers of mice. METHODS Twenty-four (9-wk-old) C57 BL/J6 male mice were fed either the SO or LD diets for ∼100 d, whereas food intake and body weight, fasting glucose, and glucose tolerance tests were performed to determine any changes in glycemic control. RESULTS Livers from mice fed SO diet had higher relative concentrations of hepatic L4CL species compared with LD diet-fed mice (P value = 0.004). Uncoupled mitochondria of mice fed the SO diet, compared with LD diet, had an increased baseline oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and succinate-driven respiration (P values = 0.03 and 0.01). SO diet-fed mice had increased LA content in all phospholipid classes compared with LD-fed mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that maintaining or increasing hepatic L4CL may result in increased OCR in uncoupled hepatic mitochondria in healthy mice whereas higher oleate content of CL reduced mitochondrial function shown by lower OCR in uncoupled mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor A Mahler
- Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Deena B Snoke
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States; Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Rachel M Cole
- Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Austin Angelotti
- Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kedryn K Baskin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ai Ni
- Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Martha A Belury
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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17
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Sun YD, Zhang H, Li YM, Han JJ. Abnormal metabolism in hepatic stellate cells: Pandora's box of MAFLD related hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189086. [PMID: 38342420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a significant risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), as key mediators in liver injury response, are believed to play a crucial role in the repair process of liver injury. However, in MAFLD patients, the normal metabolic and immunoregulatory mechanisms of HSCs become disrupted, leading to disturbances in the local microenvironment. Abnormally activated HSCs are heavily involved in the initiation and progression of HCC. The metabolic disorders and abnormal activation of HSCs not only initiate liver fibrosis but also contribute to carcinogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of recent research progress on the relationship between the abnormal metabolism of HSCs and the local immune system in the liver, elucidating the mechanisms of immune imbalance caused by abnormally activated HSCs in MAFLD patients. Based on this understanding, we discuss the potential and challenges of metabolic-based and immunology-based mechanisms in the treatment of MAFLD-related HCC, with a specific focus on the role of HSCs in HCC progression and their potential as targets for anti-cancer therapy. This review aims to enhance researchers' understanding of the importance of HSCs in maintaining normal liver function and highlights the significance of HSCs in the progression of MAFLD-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Dong Sun
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yuan-Min Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Jian-Jun Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
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18
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Alvarez S, Vanasco V, Adán Areán JS, Magnani N, Evelson P. Mitochondrial Mechanisms in Immunity and Inflammatory Conditions: Beyond Energy Management. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38062738 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Significance: The growing importance of mitochondria in the immune response and inflammation is multifaceted. Unraveling the different mechanisms by which mitochondria have a relevant role in the inflammatory response beyond the energy management of the process is necessary for improving our understanding of the host immune defense and the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases and syndromes. Critical Issues: Mitochondria are relevant in the immune response at different levels, including releasing activation molecules, changing its structure and function to accompany the immune response, and serving as a structural base for activating intermediates as NLRP3 inflammasome. In this scientific journey of dissecting mitochondrial mechanisms, new questions and interesting aspects arise, such as the involvement of mitochondrial-derived vesicles in the immune response with the putative role of preventing uncontrolled situations. Recent Advances: Researchers are continuously rethinking the role of mitochondria in acute and chronic inflammation and related disorders. As such, mitochondria have important roles as centrally positioned signaling hubs in regulating inflammatory and immune responses. In this review, we present the current understanding of mitochondrial mechanisms involved, beyond the largely known mitochondrial dysfunction, in the onset and development of inflammatory situations. Future Directions: Mitochondria emerge as an interesting and multifaceted platform for studying and developing pharmaceutical and therapeutic approaches. There are many ongoing studies aimed to describe the effects of specific mitochondrial targeted molecules and treatments to ameliorate the consequences of exacerbated inflammatory components of pathologies and syndromes, resulting in an open area of increasing research interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alvarez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Fisicoquímica, CABA, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Química General e Inorgánica, CABA, Argentina
| | - Virginia Vanasco
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Fisicoquímica, CABA, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Química General e Inorgánica, CABA, Argentina
| | - Juan Santiago Adán Areán
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Fisicoquímica, CABA, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Química General e Inorgánica, CABA, Argentina
| | - Natalia Magnani
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Química General e Inorgánica, CABA, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Pablo Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Química General e Inorgánica, CABA, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
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19
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Luukkonen PK, Porthan K, Ahlholm N, Rosqvist F, Dufour S, Zhang XM, Lehtimäki TE, Seppänen W, Orho-Melander M, Hodson L, Petersen KF, Shulman GI, Yki-Järvinen H. The PNPLA3 I148M variant increases ketogenesis and decreases hepatic de novo lipogenesis and mitochondrial function in humans. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1887-1896.e5. [PMID: 37909034 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The PNPLA3 I148M variant is the major genetic risk factor for all stages of fatty liver disease, but the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. We studied the effect of this variant on hepatic metabolism in homozygous carriers and non-carriers under multiple physiological conditions with state-of-the-art stable isotope techniques. After an overnight fast, carriers had higher plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations and lower hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) compared to non-carriers. After a mixed meal, fatty acids were channeled toward ketogenesis in carriers, which was associated with an increase in hepatic mitochondrial redox state. During a ketogenic diet, carriers manifested increased rates of intrahepatic lipolysis, increased plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations, and decreased rates of hepatic mitochondrial citrate synthase flux. These studies demonstrate that homozygous PNPLA3 I148M carriers have hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction leading to reduced DNL and channeling of carbons to ketogenesis. These findings have implications for understanding why the PNPLA3 variant predisposes to progressive liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panu K Luukkonen
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kimmo Porthan
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Ahlholm
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Diabetes Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xian-Man Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Diabetes Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tiina E Lehtimäki
- Department of Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wenla Seppänen
- Department of Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Kitt Falk Petersen
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Diabetes Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Diabetes Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Samartsev VN, Semenova AA, Belosludtsev KN, Dubinin MV. Modulators reducing the efficiency of oxidative ATP synthesis in mitochondria: protonophore uncouplers, cyclic redox agents, and decouplers. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:851-857. [PMID: 37974985 PMCID: PMC10643702 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This work considers the main indicators of the oxidative phosphorylation efficiency in mitochondria: the ADP/O and H+/O ratios. Three groups of modulators that reduce the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation are compared: protonophore uncouplers, cyclic redox compounds, and decouplers. It is noted that some of them are considered effective therapeutic agents. The paper analyzes the authors' original data on the mechanism of action of natural decouplers, represented by long-chain α,ω-dioic acids, as antioxidants. In conclusion, we discuss the hypothesis of their participation in the rescue of hepatocytes in various disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alena A. Semenova
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El 424001 Russia
| | - Konstantin N. Belosludtsev
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El 424001 Russia
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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21
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Zhang T, Nie Y, Wang J. The emerging significance of mitochondrial targeted strategies in NAFLD treatment. Life Sci 2023; 329:121943. [PMID: 37454757 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide, ranging from liver steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which ultimately progresses to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Individuals with NAFLD have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular and extrahepatic cancers. Despite the great progress being made in understanding the pathogenesis and the introduction of new pharmacological targets for NAFLD, no drug or intervention has been accepted for its management. Recent evidence suggests that NAFLD may be a mitochondrial disease, as mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathological processes that lead to NAFLD. In this review, we describe the recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in NAFLD progression. Moreover, we discuss recent advances in the efficacy of mitochondria-targeted compounds (e.g., Mito-Q, MitoVit-E, MitoTEMPO, SS-31, mitochondrial uncouplers, and mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibitors) for treating NAFLD. Furthermore, we present some medications currently being tested in clinical trials for NAFLD treatment, such as exercise, mesenchymal stem cells, bile acids and their analogs, and antidiabetic drugs, with a focus on their efficacy in improving mitochondrial function. Based on this evidence, further investigations into the development of mitochondria-based agents may provide new and promising alternatives for NAFLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Yingli Nie
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China.
| | - Jiliang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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22
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Khailova LS, Krasnov VS, Kirsanov RS, Popova LB, Tashlitsky VN, Kotova EA, Antonenko YN. The transient character of mitochondrial uncoupling by the popular fungicide fluazinam is specific for liver. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 746:109735. [PMID: 37652149 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The popular fungicide fluazinam is known to exhibit an unusual cyclic pattern of the protonophoric uncoupling activity in isolated rat liver mitochondria (RLM), with membrane deenergization followed by spontaneous recoupling in the minute scale, which is associated with glutathione conjugation of fluazinam catalyzed by glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Here, we compare the fluazinam effect on RLM with that on rat kidney (RKM) and heart (RHM) mitochondria by monitoring three bioenergetic parameters: oxygen consumption rate, mitochondrial membrane potential and reduction of nucleotides. Only in RLM, the uncoupling activity of fluazinam was transient, i.e. disappeared in a few minutes, whereas in RKM and RHM it was stable in this time scale. We attribute this difference to the increased activity of mitochondrial GST in liver. We report data on the detection of glutathione-fluazinam conjugates by mass-spectrometry, thin layer chromatography and capillary electrophoresis after incubation of fluazinam with RLM but not with RKM, which supports the assumption of the tissue specificity of the conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljudmila S Khailova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir S Krasnov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman S Kirsanov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila B Popova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim N Tashlitsky
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Kotova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri N Antonenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
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23
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Arojojoye AS, Olelewe C, Gukathasan S, Kim JH, Vekaria H, Parkin S, Sullivan PG, Awuah SG. Serum-Stable Gold(III) Bisphosphine Complex Induces Mild Mitochondrial Uncoupling and In Vivo Antitumor Potency in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:7868-7879. [PMID: 37279147 PMCID: PMC10317555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of cyclometalated complexes offers a path to stable materials, catalysts, and therapeutic agents. Here, we explore the anticancer potential of novel biphenyl organogold(III) cationic complexes supported by diverse bisphosphine ligands, Au-1-Au-5, toward aggressive glioblastoma and triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs). The [C^C] gold(III) complex, Au-3, exhibits significant tumor growth inhibition in a metastatic TNBC mouse model. Remarkably, Au-3 displays promising blood serum stability over a relevant therapeutic window of 24 h and alteration in the presence of excess L-GSH. The mechanism-of-action studies show that Au-3 induces mitochondrial uncoupling, membrane depolarization, and G1 cell cycle arrest and prompts apoptosis. To the best of our knowledge, Au-3 is the first biphenyl gold-phosphine complex to uncouple mitochondria and inhibit TNBC growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chibuzor Olelewe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40506, USA
| | | | - Jong H. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40506, USA
| | - Hemendra Vekaria
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40536, U.S.A
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40536, U.S.A
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40506, USA
| | - Patrick G. Sullivan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40536, U.S.A
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40536, U.S.A
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40536, U.S.A
| | - Samuel G. Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40506, USA
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40536
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24
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Niranjan S, Phillips BE, Giannoukakis N. Uncoupling hepatic insulin resistance - hepatic inflammation to improve insulin sensitivity and to prevent impaired metabolism-associated fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1193373. [PMID: 37396181 PMCID: PMC10313404 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1193373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease clinically-characterized as acute and chronic hyperglycemia. It is emerging as one of the common conditions associated with incident liver disease in the US. The mechanism by which diabetes drives liver disease has become an intense topic of discussion and a highly sought-after therapeutic target. Insulin resistance (IR) appears early in the progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D), particularly in obese individuals. One of the co-morbid conditions of obesity-associated diabetes that is on the rise globally is referred to as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). IR is one of a number of known and suspected mechanism that underlie the progression of NAFLD which concurrently exhibits hepatic inflammation, particularly enriched in cells of the innate arm of the immune system. In this review we focus on the known mechanisms that are suspected to play a role in the cause-effect relationship between hepatic IR and hepatic inflammation and its role in the progression of T2D-associated NAFLD. Uncoupling hepatic IR/hepatic inflammation may break an intra-hepatic vicious cycle, facilitating the attenuation or prevention of NAFLD with a concurrent restoration of physiologic glycemic control. As part of this review, we therefore also assess the potential of a number of existing and emerging therapeutic interventions that can target both conditions simultaneously as treatment options to break this cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitara Niranjan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brett E. Phillips
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nick Giannoukakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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25
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Zhang J, Ji K, Ning Y, Sun L, Fan M, Shu C, Zhang Z, Tu T, Cao J, Gao F, Chen Y. Biological Hyperthermia-Inducing Nanoparticles for Specific Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix Microenvironment Enhance Pro-Apoptotic Therapy in Fibrosis. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37229569 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a major driver of fibrotic diseases and forms a dense fibrous barrier that impedes nanodrug delivery. Because hyperthermia causes destruction of ECM components, we developed a nanoparticle preparation to induce fibrosis-specific biological hyperthermia (designated as GPQ-EL-DNP) to improve pro-apoptotic therapy against fibrotic diseases based on remodeling of the ECM microenvironment. GPQ-EL-DNP is a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9-responsive peptide, (GPQ)-modified hybrid nanoparticle containing fibroblast-derived exosomes and liposomes (GPQ-EL) and is loaded with a mitochondrial uncoupling agent, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). GPQ-EL-DNP can specifically accumulate and release DNP in the fibrotic focus, inducing collagen denaturation through biological hyperthermia. The preparation was able to remodel the ECM microenvironment, decrease stiffness, and suppress fibroblast activation, which further enhanced GPQ-EL-DNP delivery to fibroblasts and sensitized fibroblasts to simvastatin-induced apoptosis. Therefore, simvastatin-loaded GPQ-EL-DNP achieved an improved therapeutic effect on multiple types of murine fibrosis. Importantly, GPQ-EL-DNP did not induce systemic toxicity to the host. Therefore, the nanoparticle GPQ-EL-DNP for fibrosis-specific hyperthermia can be used as a potential strategy to enhance pro-apoptotic therapy in fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinru Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and Process of Chemical Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Keqin Ji
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and Process of Chemical Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuanmeng Ning
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and Process of Chemical Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lingna Sun
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and Process of Chemical Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mingrui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and Process of Chemical Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chunjie Shu
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and Process of Chemical Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and Process of Chemical Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tianyu Tu
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and Process of Chemical Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingyun Cao
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and Process of Chemical Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanzuo Chen
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and Process of Chemical Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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26
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Samartsev VN, Khoroshavina EI, Pavlova EK, Dubinin MV, Semenova AA. Bile Acids as Inducers of Protonophore and Ionophore Permeability of Biological and Artificial Membranes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050472. [PMID: 37233533 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
It is now generally accepted that the role of bile acids in the organism is not limited to their participation in the process of food digestion. Indeed, bile acids are signaling molecules and being amphiphilic compounds, are also capable of modifying the properties of cell membranes and their organelles. This review is devoted to the analysis of data on the interaction of bile acids with biological and artificial membranes, in particular, their protonophore and ionophore effects. The effects of bile acids were analyzed depending on their physicochemical properties: namely the structure of their molecules, indicators of the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance, and the critical micelle concentration. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of bile acids with the powerhouse of cells, the mitochondria. It is of note that bile acids, in addition to their protonophore and ionophore actions, can also induce Ca2+-dependent nonspecific permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane. We consider the unique action of ursodeoxycholic acid as an inducer of potassium conductivity of the inner mitochondrial membrane. We also discuss a possible relationship between this K+ ionophore action of ursodeoxycholic acid and its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N Samartsev
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I Khoroshavina
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia
| | - Evgeniya K Pavlova
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Dubinin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia
| | - Alena A Semenova
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia
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27
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Kirsanov RS, Khailova LS, Rokitskaya TI, Iaubasarova IR, Nazarov PA, Panteleeva AA, Lyamzaev KG, Popova LB, Korshunova GA, Kotova EA, Antonenko YN. Ester-stabilized phosphorus ylides as protonophores on bilayer lipid membranes, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 150:108369. [PMID: 36638678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Triphenylphosphonium ylides are commonly used as key intermediates in the Wittig reaction. Based on the known acidities of stabilized ylide precursors, we proposed that a methylene group adjacent to phosphorus in these compounds can ensure proton shuttling across lipid membranes. Here, we synthesized (decyloxycarbonylmethyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (CMTPP-C10) by reaction of triphenylphosphine with decyl bromoacetate. This phosphonium salt precursor of the ester-stabilized phosphorus ylide along with its octyl (CMTPP-C8) and dodecyl (CMTPP-C12) analogues was found to be a carrier of protons in mitochondrial, chloroplast and artificial lipid membranes, suggesting that it can reversibly release hydrogen ions and diffuse through the membranes in both zwitterionic (ylide) and cationic forms. The CMTPP-C10-mediated electrical current across planar bilayer lipid membranes exhibited pronounced proton selectivity. Similar to conventional protonophores, known to uncouple electron transport and ATP synthesis, CMTPP-Cn (n = 8, 10, 12) stimulated mitochondrial respiration, while decreasing membrane potential, at micromolar concentrations, thereby showing the classical uncoupling activity in mitochondria. CMTPP-C12 also caused dissipation of transmembrane pH gradient on chloroplast membranes. Importantly, CMTPP-C10 exhibited substantially lower toxicity in cell culture, than C12TPP. Thus, we report the finding of a new class of ylide-type protonophores, which is of substantial interest due to promising therapeutic properties of uncouplers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman S Kirsanov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ljudmila S Khailova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana I Rokitskaya
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Iliuza R Iaubasarova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Pavel A Nazarov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alisa A Panteleeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin G Lyamzaev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; The "Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila B Popova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina A Korshunova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Kotova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri N Antonenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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28
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Murray JH, Burgio AL, Beretta M, Hargett SR, Harris TE, Olzomer E, Grams RJ, Garcia CJ, Li C, Salamoun JM, Hoehn KL, Santos WL. Oxadiazolopyridine Derivatives as Efficacious Mitochondrial Uncouplers in the Prevention of Diet-Induced Obesity. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3876-3895. [PMID: 36882080 PMCID: PMC10167758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule mitochondrial uncouplers are gaining recognition as potential therapeutics for metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Specifically, heterocycles derived from BAM15, a potent and mitochondria-selective uncoupler, have yielded promising preclinical candidates that are efficacious in animal models of obesity and NASH. In this study, we report the structure-activity relationship studies of 6-amino-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-ol derivatives. Using oxygen consumption rate as a readout of mitochondrial uncoupling, we established 5-hydroxyoxadiazolopyridines as mild uncouplers. In particular, SHM115, which contains a pentafluoro aniline, had an EC50 value of 17 μM and exhibited 75% oral bioavailability. SHM115 treatment increased the energy expenditure and lowered the body fat mass in two diet-induced obesity mouse models, including an obesity prevention model and an obesity reversal model. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of mild mitochondrial uncouplers for the prevention of diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob H Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Ariel L Burgio
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Martina Beretta
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2033, Australia
| | - Stefan R Hargett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Ellen Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2033, Australia
| | - R Justin Grams
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Christopher J Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Catherine Li
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2033, Australia
| | - Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2033, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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29
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Chen SY, Beretta M, Olzomer EM, Shah DP, Wong DYH, Alexopoulos SJ, Aleksovska I, Salamoun JM, Garcia CJ, Cochran BJ, Rye KA, Smith GC, Byrne FL, Morris MJ, Santos WL, Cantley J, Hoehn KL. Targeting negative energy balance with calorie restriction and mitochondrial uncoupling in db/db mice. Mol Metab 2023; 69:101684. [PMID: 36731653 PMCID: PMC9932728 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calorie restriction is a first-line treatment for overweight individuals with metabolic impairments. However, few patients can adhere to long-term calorie restriction. An alternative approach to calorie restriction that also causes negative energy balance is mitochondrial uncoupling, which decreases the amount of energy that can be extracted from food. Herein we compare the metabolic effects of calorie restriction with the mitochondrial uncoupler BAM15 in the db/db mouse model of severe hyperglycemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and fatty liver. METHODS Male db/db mice were treated with ∼50% calorie restriction, BAM15 at two doses of 0.1% and 0.2% (w/w) admixed in diet, or 0.2% BAM15 with time-restricted feeding from 5 weeks of age. Mice were metabolically phenotyped over 4 weeks with assessment of key readouts including body weight, glucose tolerance, and liver steatosis. At termination, liver tissues were analysed by metabolomics and qPCR. RESULTS Calorie restriction and high-dose 0.2% BAM15 decreased body weight to a similar extent, but mice treated with BAM15 had far better improvement in glucose control. High-dose BAM15 treatment completely normalized fasting glucose and glucose tolerance to levels similar to lean db/+ control mice. Low-dose 0.1% BAM15 did not affect body mass but partially improved glucose tolerance to a similar degree as 50% calorie restriction. Both calorie restriction and high-dose BAM15 significantly improved hyperglucagonemia and liver and serum triglyceride levels. Combining high-dose BAM15 with time-restricted feeding to match the time that calorie restricted mice were fed resulted in the best metabolic phenotype most similar to lean db/+ controls. BAM15-mediated improvements in glucose control were associated with decreased glucagon levels and decreased expression of enzymes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis. CONCLUSIONS BAM15 and calorie restriction treatments improved most metabolic disease phenotypes in db/db mice. However, mice fed BAM15 had superior effects on glucose control compared to the calorie restricted group that consumed half as much food. Submaximal dosing with BAM15 demonstrated that its beneficial effects on glucose control are independent of weight loss. These data highlight the potential for mitochondrial uncoupler pharmacotherapies in the treatment of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing-Young Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Martina Beretta
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ellen M Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Divya P Shah
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Derek Y H Wong
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Stephanie J Alexopoulos
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Isabella Aleksovska
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Christopher J Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Blake J Cochran
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Greg C Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Frances L Byrne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Margaret J Morris
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - James Cantley
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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30
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Fromenty B, Roden M. Mitochondrial alterations in fatty liver diseases. J Hepatol 2023; 78:415-429. [PMID: 36209983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver diseases can result from common metabolic diseases, as well as from xenobiotic exposure and excessive alcohol use, all of which have been shown to exert toxic effects on hepatic mitochondrial functionality and dynamics. Invasive or complex methodology limits large-scale investigations of mitochondria in human livers. Nevertheless, abnormal mitochondrial function, such as impaired fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation, drives oxidative stress and has been identified as an important feature of human steatohepatitis. On the other hand, hepatic mitochondria can be flexible and adapt to the ambient metabolic condition to prevent triglyceride and lipotoxin accumulation in obesity. Experience from studies on xenobiotics has provided important insights into the regulation of hepatic mitochondria. Increasing awareness of the joint presence of metabolic disease-related (lipotoxic) and alcohol-related liver diseases further highlights the need to better understand their mutual interaction and potentiation in disease progression. Recent clinical studies have assessed the effects of diets or bariatric surgery on hepatic mitochondria, which are also evolving as an interesting therapeutic target in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This review summarises the current knowledge on hepatic mitochondria with a focus on fatty liver diseases linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes and xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Fromenty
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
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31
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Ma MH, Li FF, Li WF, Zhao H, Jiang M, Yu YY, Dong YC, Zhang YX, Li P, Bu WJ, Sun ZJ, Dong DL. Repurposing nitazoxanide as a novel anti-atherosclerotic drug based on mitochondrial uncoupling mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:62-79. [PMID: 36082580 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The anthelmintic drug nitazoxanide has a mitochondrial uncoupling effect. Mitochondrial uncouplers have been proven to inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation of macrophages and improve dyslipidaemia. Therefore, we aimed to demonstrate that nitazoxanide would protect against atherosclerosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The mitochondrial oxygen consumption of cells was measured by using the high-resolution respirometry system, Oxygraph-2K. The proliferation and migration of A10 cells were measured by using Edu immunofluorescence staining, wound-induced migration and the Boyden chamber assay. Protein levels were measured by using the western blot technique. ApoE (-/-) mice were fed with a Western diet to establish an atherosclerotic model in vivo. KEY RESULTS The in vitro experiments showed that nitazoxanide and tizoxanide had a mitochondrial uncoupling effect and activated cellular AMPK. Nitazoxanide and tizoxanide inhibited serum- and PDGF-induced proliferation and migration of A10 cells. Nitazoxanide and tizoxanide inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in RAW264.7 macrophages, the mechanism by which involved the AMPK/IκBα/NF-κB pathway. Nitazoxanide and tizoxanide also induced autophagy in A10 cells and RAW264.7 macrophages. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that oral administration of nitazoxanide reduced the increase in serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels and suppressed atherosclerosis in Western diet-fed ApoE (-/-) mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Nitazoxanide inhibits the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE (-/-) mice fed on a Western diet. In view of nitazoxanide being an antiprotozoal drug already approved by the FDA, we propose it as a novel anti-atherosclerotic drug with clinical translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Ma
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Feng Li
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Feng Li
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Chao Dong
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Bu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jie Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Li Dong
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Wu L, Li W, Chen G, Yang Z, Lv X, Zheng L, Sun J, Ai L, Sun B, Ni L. Ameliorative effects of monascin from red mold rice on alcoholic liver injury and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Eslam M, El-Serag HB, Francque S, Sarin SK, Wei L, Bugianesi E, George J. Metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease in individuals of normal weight. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:638-651. [PMID: 35710982 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects up to a third of the global population; its burden has grown in parallel with rising rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. MAFLD increases the risk of end-stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, death and liver transplantation and has extrahepatic consequences, including cardiometabolic disease and cancers. Although typically associated with obesity, there is accumulating evidence that not all people with overweight or obesity develop fatty liver disease. On the other hand, a considerable proportion of patients with MAFLD are of normal weight, indicating the importance of metabolic health in the pathogenesis of the disease regardless of body mass index. The clinical profile, natural history and pathophysiology of patients with so-called lean MAFLD are not well characterized. In this Review, we provide epidemiological data on this group of patients and consider overall metabolic health and metabolic adaptation as a framework to best explain the pathogenesis of MAFLD and its heterogeneity in individuals of normal weight and in those who are above normal weight. This framework provides a conceptual schema for interrogating the MAFLD phenotype in individuals of normal weight that can translate to novel approaches for diagnosis and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Eslam
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Hashem B El-Serag
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sven Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics (LEMP), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Shiv K Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lai Wei
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Dai Y, Santiago-Rivera JA, Hargett S, Salamoun JM, Hoehn KL, Santos WL. Conversion of oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines to imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazines via a tandem reduction-cyclization sequence generates new mitochondrial uncouplers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 73:128912. [PMID: 35907607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We report new mitochondrial uncouplers derived from the conversion of [1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines to 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazines. The in situ Fe-mediated reduction of the oxadiazole fragment followed by cyclization gave access to imidazopyrazines in moderate to good yields. A selection of orthoesters also allowed functionalization on the 2-position of the imidazole ring. This method afforded a variety of imidazopyrazine derivatives with varying substitution on the 2, 5 and 6 positions. Our studies suggest that both a 2-trifluoromethyl group and N-methylation are crucial for mitochondrial uncoupling capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - José A Santiago-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Stefan Hargett
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
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35
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Alkyl esters of 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid as potent tissue-specific uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation: Involvement of ATP/ADP translocase in mitochondrial uncoupling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 728:109366. [PMID: 35878680 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An impressive body of evidence has been accumulated now on sound beneficial effects of mitochondrial uncouplers in struggling with the most dangerous pathologies such as cancer, infective diseases, neurodegeneration and obesity. To increase their efficacy while gaining further insight in the mechanism of the uncoupling action has been remaining a challenge. Encouraged by our previous promising results on lipophilic derivatives of 7-hydroxycoumarin-4-acetic acid (UB-4 esters), here, we use a 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid scaffold to synthesize a new series of 7-hydroxycoumarin (umbelliferone, UB)-derived uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation - alkyl esters of umbelliferone-3-carboxylic acid (UB-3 esters) with varying carbon chain length. Compared to the UB-4 derivatives, UB-3 esters proved to be stronger uncouplers: the most effective of them caused a pronounced increase in the respiration rate of isolated rat heart mitochondria (RHM) at submicromolar concentrations. Both of these series of UB derivatives exhibited a striking difference between their uncoupling patterns in mitochondria isolated from liver and heart or kidney, namely: a pronounced but transient decrease in membrane potential, followed by its recovery, was observed after the addition of these compounds to isolated rat liver mitochondria (RLM), while the depolarization of RHM and rat kidney mitochondria (RKM) was rather stable under the same conditions. Interestingly, partial reversal of this depolarization in RHM and RKM was caused by carboxyatractyloside, an inhibitor of ATP/ADP translocase, thereby pointing to the involvement of this mitochondrial membrane protein in the uncoupling activity of both UB-3 and UB-4 esters. The fast membrane potential recovery in RLM uncoupled by the addition of the UB esters was apparently associated with hydrolysis of these compounds, catalyzed by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), being in high abundance in liver compared to other tissues. Protonophoric properties of the UB derivatives in isolated mitochondria were confirmed by measurements of RHM swelling in the presence of potassium acetate. In model bilayer lipid membranes (BLM), proton-carrying activity of UB-3 esters was demonstrated by measuring fluorescence response of the pH-dependent dye pyranine in liposomes. Electrophysiological experiments on identified neurons from Lymnaea stagnalis demonstrated low neurotoxicity of UB-3 esters. Resazurin-based cell viability assay showed low toxicity of UB-3 esters to HEK293 cells and primary human fibroblasts. Thus, the present results enable us to consider UB-3 esters as effective tissue-specific protonophoric mitochondrial uncouplers.
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36
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Deng F, Yan M, Liu Y, Wang R, He H, Chen A, Wang J, Xu L, Yang B, Cheng H, Li S. Self-delivery of metal-coordinated mitochondria protonophore uncoupler for O2-exhausting enhanced bioreductive therapy. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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37
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Vlasova KY, Ostroverkhov P, Vedenyapina D, Yakimova T, Trusova A, Lomakina GY, Vodopyanov SS, Grin M, Klyachko N, Chekhonin V, Abakumov M. Liposomal Form of 2,4-Dinitrophenol Lipophilic Derivatives as a Promising Therapeutic Agent for ATP Synthesis Inhibition. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132162. [PMID: 35808003 PMCID: PMC9268429 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) is a promising antidiabetic and antiobesity agent. Its clinical use is limited by a narrow dynamic range and accumulation in non-target sensitive organs, which results in whole-body toxicity. A liposomal formulation could enable the mentioned drawbacks to be overcome and simplify the liver-targeted delivery and sustained release of 2,4-DNP. We synthesized 2,4-DNP esters with carboxylic acids of various lipophilic degrees using carboxylic acid chloride and then loaded them into liposomes. We demonstrated the effective increase in the entrapment of 2,4-DNP into liposomes when esters were used. Here, we examined the dependence of the sustained release of 2,4-DNP from liposomes on the lipid composition and LogPoct of the ester. We posit that the optimal chain length of the ester should be close to the palmitic acid and the lipid membrane should be composed of phospholipids with a certain phase transition point depending on the desired release rate. The increased effect of the ATP synthesis inhibition of the liposomal forms of caproic and palmitic acid esters compared to free molecules in liver hepatocytes was demonstrated. The liposomes’ stability could well be responsible for this result. This work demonstrates promising possibilities for the liver-targeted delivery of the 2,4-DNP esters with carboxylic acids loaded into liposomes for ATP synthesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya Yu. Vlasova
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (K.Y.V.); (V.C.)
- School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.Y.L.); (N.K.)
| | - Petr Ostroverkhov
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Biologically Active Compounds, Medical and Organic Chemistry, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies MIREA-Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA), 119571 Moscow, Russia; (P.O.); (D.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Daria Vedenyapina
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Biologically Active Compounds, Medical and Organic Chemistry, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies MIREA-Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA), 119571 Moscow, Russia; (P.O.); (D.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Tamara Yakimova
- Faculty of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.Y.); (A.T.)
| | - Alla Trusova
- Faculty of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.Y.); (A.T.)
| | | | - Stepan Sergeevich Vodopyanov
- College of New Materials and Nanotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), 119049 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Mikhail Grin
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Biologically Active Compounds, Medical and Organic Chemistry, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies MIREA-Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA), 119571 Moscow, Russia; (P.O.); (D.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Natalia Klyachko
- School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.Y.L.); (N.K.)
| | - Vladimir Chekhonin
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (K.Y.V.); (V.C.)
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Abakumov
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (K.Y.V.); (V.C.)
- College of New Materials and Nanotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), 119049 Moscow, Russia;
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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38
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Krasnov VS, Kirsanov RS, Khailova LS, Firsov AM, Nazarov PA, Tashlitsky VN, Korshunova GA, Kotova EA, Antonenko YN. Alkyl esters of umbelliferone-4-acetic acid as protonophores in bilayer lipid membranes and ALDH2-dependent soft uncouplers in rat liver mitochondria. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 145:108081. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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39
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Angelidi AM, Belanger MJ, Kokkinos A, Koliaki CC, Mantzoros CS. Novel Noninvasive Approaches to the Treatment of Obesity: From Pharmacotherapy to Gene Therapy. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:507-557. [PMID: 35552683 PMCID: PMC9113190 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent insights into the pathophysiologic underlying mechanisms of obesity have led to the discovery of several promising drug targets and novel therapeutic strategies to address the global obesity epidemic and its comorbidities. Current pharmacologic options for obesity management are largely limited in number and of modest efficacy/safety profile. Therefore, the need for safe and more efficacious new agents is urgent. Drugs that are currently under investigation modulate targets across a broad range of systems and tissues, including the central nervous system, gastrointestinal hormones, adipose tissue, kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle. Beyond pharmacotherapeutics, other potential antiobesity strategies are being explored, including novel drug delivery systems, vaccines, modulation of the gut microbiome, and gene therapy. The present review summarizes the pathophysiology of energy homeostasis and highlights pathways being explored in the effort to develop novel antiobesity medications and interventions but does not cover devices and bariatric methods. Emerging pharmacologic agents and alternative approaches targeting these pathways and relevant research in both animals and humans are presented in detail. Special emphasis is given to treatment options at the end of the development pipeline and closer to the clinic (ie, compounds that have a higher chance to be added to our therapeutic armamentarium in the near future). Ultimately, advancements in our understanding of the pathophysiology and interindividual variation of obesity may lead to multimodal and personalized approaches to obesity treatment that will result in safe, effective, and sustainable weight loss until the root causes of the problem are identified and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki M Angelidi
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J Belanger
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysi C Koliaki
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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40
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Georgiev A, Granata C, Roden M. The role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology and treatment of common metabolic diseases in humans. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1248-C1259. [PMID: 35508191 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00035.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Common metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality worldwide. They frequently associate with insulin resistance and altered mitochondrial functionality. Insulin-responsive tissues can show changes in mitochondrial features such as oxidative capacity, mitochondrial content and turnover, which do not necessarily reflect abnormalities but rather adaption to a certain metabolic condition. Lifestyle modifications and classic or novel drugs can modify these alterations and help treating these metabolic diseases. This review addresses the role of mitochondria in human metabolic diseases and discusses potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asen Georgiev
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German, Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cesare Granata
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German, Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German, Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Mitochondria homeostasis: Biology and involvement in hepatic steatosis to NASH. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1141-1155. [PMID: 35105958 PMCID: PMC9061859 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biology and behavior are central to the physiology of liver. Multiple mitochondrial quality control mechanisms remodel mitochondrial homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction and damage induced by overnutrition lead to oxidative stress, inflammation, liver cell death, and collagen production, which advance hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Accumulating evidence suggests that specific interventions that target mitochondrial homeostasis, including energy metabolism, antioxidant effects, and mitochondrial quality control, have emerged as promising strategies for NASH treatment. However, clinical translation of these findings is challenging due to the complex and unclear mechanisms of mitochondrial homeostasis in the pathophysiology of NASH.
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42
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Altered Mitochondrial Quality Control in Rats with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) Induced by High-Fat Feeding. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020315. [PMID: 35205361 PMCID: PMC8871726 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is defined as the presence of hepatic steatosis in addition to one of three metabolic conditions: overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or metabolic dysregulation. Chronic exposure to excess dietary fatty acids may cause hepatic steatosis and metabolic disturbances. The alteration of the quality of mitochondria is one of the factors that could contribute to the metabolic dysregulation of MAFDL. This study was designed to determine, in a rodent model of MAFLD, the effects of a long-term high-fat diet (HFD) on some hepatic processes that characterize mitochondrial quality control, such as biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy. To mimic the human manifestation of MAFLD, the rats were exposed to both an HFD and a housing temperature within the rat thermoneutral zone (28–30 °C). After 14 weeks of the HFD, the rats showed significant fat deposition and liver steatosis. Concomitantly, some important factors related to the hepatic mitochondrial quality were markedly affected, such as increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage; reduced mitochondrial biogenesis, mtDNA copy numbers, mtDNA repair, and mitochondrial fusion. HFD-fed rats also showed an impaired mitophagy. Overall, the obtained data shed new light on the network of different processes contributing to the failure of mitochondrial quality control as a central event for mitochondrial dysregulation in MAFLD.
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Goedeke L, Murt KN, Di Francesco A, Camporez JP, Nasiri AR, Wang Y, Zhang X, Cline GW, de Cabo R, Shulman GI. Sex- and strain-specific effects of mitochondrial uncoupling on age-related metabolic diseases in high-fat diet-fed mice. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13539. [PMID: 35088525 PMCID: PMC8844126 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation is an intrinsic property of all mitochondria and may have evolved to protect cells against the production of damaging reactive oxygen species. Therefore, compounds that enhance mitochondrial uncoupling are potentially attractive anti‐aging therapies; however, chronic ingestion is associated with a number of unwanted side effects. We have previously developed a controlled‐release mitochondrial protonophore (CRMP) that is functionally liver‐directed and promotes oxidation of hepatic triglycerides by causing a subtle sustained increase in hepatic mitochondrial inefficiency. Here, we sought to leverage the higher therapeutic index of CRMP to test whether mild mitochondrial uncoupling in a liver‐directed fashion could reduce oxidative damage and improve age‐related metabolic disease and lifespan in diet‐induced obese mice. Oral administration of CRMP (20 mg/[kg‐day] × 4 weeks) reduced hepatic lipid content, protein kinase C epsilon activation, and hepatic insulin resistance in aged (74‐week‐old) high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed C57BL/6J male mice, independently of changes in body weight, whole‐body energy expenditure, food intake, or markers of hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis. CRMP treatment was also associated with a significant reduction in hepatic lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and inflammation. Importantly, long‐term (49 weeks) hepatic mitochondrial uncoupling initiated late in life (94–104 weeks), in conjugation with HFD feeding, protected mice against neoplastic disorders, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in a strain and sex‐specific manner. Taken together, these studies illustrate the complex variation of aging and provide important proof‐of‐concept data to support further studies investigating the use of liver‐directed mitochondrial uncouplers to promote healthy aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Goedeke
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Kelsey N. Murt
- Translational Gerontology Branch Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Andrea Di Francesco
- Translational Gerontology Branch Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - João Paulo Camporez
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- Department of Physiology Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine University of Sao Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ali R. Nasiri
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Yongliang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Xian‐Man Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Gary W. Cline
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Gerald I. Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
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44
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Xun Z, Wipf P, McMurray CT. XJB-5-131 Is a Mild Uncoupler of Oxidative Phosphorylation. J Huntingtons Dis 2022; 11:141-151. [PMID: 35404288 PMCID: PMC9798833 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-220539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria (MT) are energy "powerhouses" of the cell and the decline in their function from oxidative damage is strongly correlated in many diseases. To suppress oxygen damage, we have developed and applied XJB-5-131 as a targeted platform for neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly in MT. Although the beneficial activity of XJB-5-131 is well documented, the mechanism of its protective effects is not yet fully understood. OBJECTIVE Here, we elucidate the mechanism of protection for XJB-5-131, a mitochondrial targeted antioxidant and electron scavenger. METHODS The Seahorse Flux Analyzer was used to probe the respiratory states of isolated mouse brain mitochondria treated with XJB-5-131 compared to controls. RESULTS Surprisingly, there is no direct impact of XJB-5-131 radical scavenger on the electron flow through the electron transport chain. Rather, XJB-5-131 is a mild uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. The nitroxide moiety in XJB-5-131 acts as a superoxide dismutase mimic, which both extracts or donates electrons during redox reactions. The electron scavenging activity of XJB-5-131 prevents the leakage of electrons and reduces formation of superoxide anion, thereby reducing ROS. CONCLUSION We show here that XJB-5-131 is a mild uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in MT. The mild uncoupling property of XJB-5-131 arises from its redox properties, which exert a protective effect by reducing ROS-induced damage without sacrificing energy production. Because mitochondrial decline is a common and central feature of toxicity, the favorable properties of XJB-5-131 are likely to be useful in treating Huntington's disease and a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases for which oxidative damage is a key component. The mild uncoupling properties of XJB-5-131 suggest a valuable mechanism of action for the design of clinically effective antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyin Xun
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia T. McMurray
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA,Correspondence to: Cynthia T. McMurray, Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Tel.: +1 510 486 6526; Fax: +1 510 486 6880;
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Conceição-Furber E, Coskun T, Sloop KW, Samms RJ. Is Glucagon Receptor Activation the Thermogenic Solution for Treating Obesity? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:868037. [PMID: 35547006 PMCID: PMC9081793 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.868037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge of obesity therapy is to sustain clinically relevant weight loss over time. Achieving this goal likely requires both reducing daily caloric intake and increasing caloric expenditure. Over the past decade, advances in pharmaceutical engineering of ligands targeting G protein-coupled receptors have led to the development of highly effective anorectic agents. These include mono-agonists of the GLP-1R and dual GIPR/GLP-1R co-agonists that have demonstrated substantial weight loss in experimental models and in humans. By contrast, currently, there are no medicines available that effectively augment metabolic rate to promote weight loss. Here, we present evidence indicating that activation of the GCGR may provide a solution to this unmet therapeutic need. In adult humans, GCGR agonism increases energy expenditure to a magnitude sufficient for inducing a negative energy balance. In preclinical studies, the glucagon-GCGR system affects key metabolically relevant organs (including the liver and white and brown adipose tissue) to boost whole-body thermogenic capacity and protect from obesity. Further, activation of the GCGR has been shown to augment both the magnitude and duration of weight loss that is achieved by either selective GLP-1R or dual GIPR/GLP-1R agonism in rodents. Based on the accumulation of such findings, we propose that the thermogenic activity of GCGR agonism will also complement other anti-obesity agents that lower body weight by suppressing appetite.
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46
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Zhang C, Yang M. Molecular targets regulating endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria crosstalk for NAFLD treatment. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2021.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the most common chronic liver disease poses a significant impact on public healthcare and economic risk worldwide. As a multifactorial disease, NAFLD is usually associated with many comorbidities such as obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Without effectively preventive intervention, the advanced stage of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is no approved therapeutic treatment. Excessive fat accumulation in the liver is the hallmark of NAFLD, which can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Dysfunction of two organelles also induces the upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), and disruption of calcium transport, which promote NAFLD progression. Herein, this review summarized the current understanding of the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Specifically, this review focused on the key molecules associated with the ER-mitochondria communication and different treatment options by targeting ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction to treat NAFLD or NASH. Clinical trials to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of representative agents, such as natural products, metabolites, and modulators of stress, have been reviewed and analyzed. Overall, recent findings suggest that targeting ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction holds a promise for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunye Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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47
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Mastrototaro L, Roden M. Insulin resistance and insulin sensitizing agents. Metabolism 2021; 125:154892. [PMID: 34563556 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a common feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes, but novel approaches of diabetes subtyping (clustering) revealed variable degrees of insulin resistance in people with diabetes. Specifically, the severe insulin resistant diabetes (SIRD) subtype not only exhibits metabolic abnormalities, but also bears a higher risk for cardiovascular, renal and hepatic comorbidities. In humans, insulin resistance comprises dysfunctional adipose tissue, lipotoxic insulin signaling followed by glucotoxicity, oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation. Recent studies show that aside from metabolites (free fatty acids, amino acids) and signaling proteins (myokines, adipokines, hepatokines) also exosomes with their cargo (proteins, mRNA and microRNA) contribute to altered crosstalk between skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue during the development of insulin resistance. Reduction of fat mass mainly, but not exclusively, explains the success of lifestyle modification and bariatric surgery to improve insulin sensitivity. Moreover, some older antihyperglycemic drugs (metformin, thiazolidinediones), but also novel therapeutic concepts (new peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, incretin mimetics, sodium glucose cotransporter inhibitors, modulators of energy metabolism) can directly or indirectly reduce insulin resistance. This review summarizes molecular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance including the roles of exosomes and microRNAs, as well as strategies for the management of insulin resistance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mastrototaro
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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48
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Löffler MC, Betz MJ, Blondin DP, Augustin R, Sharma AK, Tseng YH, Scheele C, Zimdahl H, Mark M, Hennige AM, Wolfrum C, Langhans W, Hamilton BS, Neubauer H. Challenges in tackling energy expenditure as obesity therapy: From preclinical models to clinical application. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101237. [PMID: 33878401 PMCID: PMC8122111 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A chronic imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure results in excess fat storage. The obesity often caused by this overweight is detrimental to the health of millions of people. Understanding both sides of the energy balance equation and their counter-regulatory mechanisms is critical to the development of effective therapies to treat this epidemic. SCOPE OF REVIEW Behaviors surrounding ingestion have been reviewed extensively. This review focuses more specifically on energy expenditure regarding bodyweight control, with a particular emphasis on the organs and attractive metabolic processes known to reduce bodyweight. Moreover, previous and current attempts at anti-obesity strategies focusing on energy expenditure are highlighted. Precise measurements of energy expenditure, which consist of cellular, animal, and human models, as well as measurements of their translatability, are required to provide the most effective therapies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS A precise understanding of the components surrounding energy expenditure, including tailored approaches based on genetic, biomarker, or physical characteristics, must be integrated into future anti-obesity treatments. Further comprehensive investigations are required to define suitable treatments, especially because the complex nature of the human perspective remains poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona C Löffler
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Matthias J Betz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Robert Augustin
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Anand K Sharma
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heike Zimdahl
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Michael Mark
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Anita M Hennige
- Therapeutic Area CardioMetabolism & Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bradford S Hamilton
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Heike Neubauer
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany.
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Terekhova N, Khailova LS, Rokitskaya TI, Nazarov PA, Islamov DR, Usachev KS, Tatarinov DA, Mironov VF, Kotova EA, Antonenko YN. Trialkyl(vinyl)phosphonium Chlorophenol Derivatives as Potent Mitochondrial Uncouplers and Antibacterial Agents. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:20676-20685. [PMID: 34396013 PMCID: PMC8359139 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Trialkyl phosphonium derivatives of vinyl-substituted p-chlorophenol were synthesized here by a recently developed method of preparing quaternary phosphonium salts from phosphine oxides using Grignard reagents. All the derivatives with a number (n) of carbon atoms in phosphonium alkyl substituents varying from 4 to 7 showed pronounced uncoupling activity in isolated rat liver mitochondria at micromolar concentrations, with a tripentyl derivative being the most effective both in accelerating respiration and causing membrane potential collapse, as well as in provoking mitochondrial swelling in a potassium-acetate medium. Remarkably, the trialkyl phosphonium derivatives with n from 4 to 7 also proved to be rather potent antibacterial agents. Methylation of the chlorophenol hydroxyl group suppressed the effects of P555 and P444 on the respiration and membrane potential of mitochondria but not those of P666, thereby suggesting a mechanistic difference in the mitochondrial uncoupling by these derivatives, which was predominantly protonophoric (carrier-like) in the case of P555 and P444 but detergent-like with P666. The latter was confirmed by the carboxyfluorescein leakage assay on model liposomal membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia
V. Terekhova
- Arbuzov
Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific
Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Lyudmila S. Khailova
- Belozersky
Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana I. Rokitskaya
- Belozersky
Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel A. Nazarov
- Belozersky
Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Daut R. Islamov
- Arbuzov
Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific
Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin S. Usachev
- Institute
of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan
Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry A. Tatarinov
- Arbuzov
Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific
Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir F. Mironov
- Arbuzov
Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific
Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Elena A. Kotova
- Belozersky
Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri N. Antonenko
- Belozersky
Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov
Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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50
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Venniyoor A, Al Farsi AA, Al Bahrani B. The Troubling Link Between Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Extrahepatic Cancers (EHC). Cureus 2021; 13:e17320. [PMID: 34557366 PMCID: PMC8449927 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a fast-spreading epidemic across the globe and has serious implications far beyond that of a "benign" liver condition. It is usually an outcome of ectopic fat storage due to chronic positive energy balance leading to obesity and is associated with multiple health problems. While association with cardiovascular disease and hepatocellular cancer is well recognized, it is becoming clear the NAFLD carries with it an increased risk of cancers of extrahepatic tissues. Studies have reported a higher risk for cancers of the colon, breast, prostate, lung, and pancreas. Fatty liver is associated with increased mortality; there is an urgent need to understand that fatty liver is not always benign, and not always associated with obesity. It is, however, a reversible condition and early recognition and intervention can alter its natural history and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Venniyoor
- Medical Oncology, National Oncology Center, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, OMN
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