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Reyad-Ul-Ferdous M, Gul I, Raheem MA, Pandey V, Qin P. Mitochondrial UCP1: Potential thermogenic mechanistic switch for the treatment of obesity and neurodegenerative diseases using natural and epigenetic drug candidates. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155672. [PMID: 38810549 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown fat is known to provide non-shivering thermogenesis through mitochondrial uncoupling mediated by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Non-shivering is not dependent on UCP2, UCP4, and BMCP1/UCP5 genes, which are distinct from UCP1 in a way that they are not constitutive uncouplers. Although they are susceptible to free fatty acid and free radical activation, their functioning has a significant impact on the performance of neurons. METHODOLOGY Using subject-specific keywords (Adipose tissue; Adipocytes; Mitochondria; Obesity; Thermogenesis; UCP's in Neurodegeneration; Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease), research articles and reviews were retrieved from Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PubMed. This article includespublications published between 2018 and 2023. The drugs that upregulate UCP1 are included in the study while the drugs that do not impact UCP1 are were not included. RESULTS Neuronal UCPs have a direct impact on synaptic plasticity, neurodegenerative processes, and neurotransmission, by modulating calcium flux, mitochondrial biogenesis, local temperature, and free radical generation. Numerous significant advances in the study of neuronal UCPs and neuroprotection are still to be made. Identification of the tissue-dependent effects of UCPs is essential first. Pharmacologically targeting neuronal UCPs is a key strategy for preventing both neurodegenerative diseases and physiological aging. Given that UCP2 has activities that are tissue-specific, it will be essential to develop treatments without harmful side effects. The triggering of UCPs by CoQ, an essential cofactor, produces nigral mitochondrial uncoupling, reduces MPTP-induced toxicity, and may even decrease the course of Parkinson's disease, according to early indications. CONCLUSION Herein, we explore the potential of UCP1 as a therapeutic target for treating obesity, neurodegenerative diseases as well as a potential activator of both synthetic and natural drugs. A deeper knowledge of synaptic signaling and neurodegeneration may pave the way to new discoveries regarding the functioning and controlling of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Reyad-Ul-Ferdous
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Ijaz Gul
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Muhammad Akmal Raheem
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Yokoyama S, Honda H, Otsuka Y, Tokumasu K, Nakano Y, Sakurada Y, Matsuda Y, Sunada N, Hasegawa T, Takase R, Omura D, Soejima Y, Ueda K, Kishida M, Otsuka F. Importance of Blood Glucose Measurement for Predicting the Prognosis of Long COVID: A Retrospective Study in Japan. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4099. [PMID: 39064139 PMCID: PMC11277581 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The present study aimed to clarify the effects of a hyperglycemic condition on the clinical consequences of long COVID. Methods: Among 643 patients who visited the outpatient clinic of our hospital from February 2021 to September 2023, long COVID patients were classified into a hyperglycemic (HG) group with casual blood glucose levels above 140 mg/dL and a normoglycemic (NG) group. The patients' backgrounds, clinical symptoms, health status including the QOL evaluation scale (EQ-5D-5L), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and F-scale questionnaire (FSSG), blood test data, and recovery periods were analyzed. Results: The NG group included 607 patients with long COVID and the HG group included 36 patients with long COVID. Patients in the HG group were older than those in the NG group (55 vs. 41 years; p < 0.001) and included a larger percentage of males (67% vs. 44%; p = 0.009). The HG group had a larger percentage of patients with moderate-to-severe conditions in the acute infection phase (28% vs. 12%; p = 0.008), a higher BMI (25 vs. 22 kg/m2; p < 0.001), higher blood pressure (138/81 vs. 122/72 mmHg; p < 0.001), and a larger percentage of patients with an alcohol drinking habit (53% vs. 34%; p = 0.031). Long COVID symptoms and self-rated scales were not differed between the two groups; however, the laboratory data showed that liver and renal functions and metabolic data were significantly worse in the HG group. Although there was no apparent difference between the two groups in duration from the infection to the first visit, the HG group had a significantly longer period of recovery from long COVID (median period of 421 vs. 294 days; p = 0.019). Conclusion: A hyperglycemic state associated with other lifestyle-related diseases is associated with the prolongation of recovery from long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (S.Y.)
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Zhao JY, Zhou LJ, Ma KL, Hao R, Li M. MHO or MUO? White adipose tissue remodeling. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13691. [PMID: 38186200 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we delve into the intricate relationship between white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling and metabolic aspects in obesity, with a specific focus on individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). WAT is a highly heterogeneous, plastic, and dynamically secreting endocrine and immune organ. WAT remodeling plays a crucial role in metabolic health, involving expansion mode, microenvironment, phenotype, and distribution. In individuals with MHO, WAT remodeling is beneficial, reducing ectopic fat deposition and insulin resistance (IR) through mechanisms like increased adipocyte hyperplasia, anti-inflammatory microenvironment, appropriate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, appropriate vascularization, enhanced WAT browning, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SWAT) deposition. Conversely, for those with MUO, WAT remodeling leads to ectopic fat deposition and IR, causing metabolic dysregulation. This process involves adipocyte hypertrophy, disrupted vascularization, heightened pro-inflammatory microenvironment, enhanced brown adipose tissue (BAT) whitening, and accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VWAT) deposition. The review underscores the pivotal importance of intervening in WAT remodeling to hinder the transition from MHO to MUO. This insight is valuable for tailoring personalized and effective management strategies for patients with obesity in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi Zhao
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Juan Zhou
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Le Ma
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Hao
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yanai H, Adachi H, Hakoshima M, Iida S, Katsuyama H. A Possible Therapeutic Application of the Selective Inhibitor of Urate Transporter 1, Dotinurad, for Metabolic Syndrome, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2024; 13:450. [PMID: 38474414 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The reabsorption of uric acid (UA) is mainly mediated by urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) in the kidneys. Dotinurad inhibits URAT1 but does not inhibit other UA transporters, such as GLUT9, ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2), and organic anion transporter 1/3 (OAT1/3). We found that dotinurad ameliorated the metabolic parameters and renal function in hyperuricemic patients. We consider the significance of the highly selective inhibition of URAT1 by dotinurad for metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The selective inhibition of URAT1 by dotinurad increases urinary UA in the proximal tubules, and this un-reabsorbed UA may compete with urinary glucose for GLUT9, reducing glucose reabsorption. The inhibition by dotinurad of UA entry via URAT1 into the liver and adipose tissues increased energy expenditure and decreased lipid synthesis and inflammation in rats. Such effects may improve metabolic parameters. CKD patients accumulate uremic toxins, including indoxyl sulfate (IS), in the body. ABCG2 regulates the renal and intestinal excretion of IS, which strongly affects CKD. OAT1/3 inhibitors suppress IS uptake into the kidneys, thereby increasing plasma IS, which produces oxidative stress and induces vascular endothelial dysfunction in CKD patients. The highly selective inhibition of URAT1 by dotinurad may be beneficial for metabolic syndrome, CKD, and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa 272-8516, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Adachi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa 272-8516, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mariko Hakoshima
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa 272-8516, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sakura Iida
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa 272-8516, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Katsuyama
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa 272-8516, Chiba, Japan
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Sun C, Liang J, Zheng J, Mao S, Chen S, Aikemu A, Liu C. Brown adipose Vanin-1 is required for the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and prevents diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. Mol Metab 2024; 80:101884. [PMID: 38246587 PMCID: PMC10838954 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy-dissipating brown adipocytes have significant potential for improving systemic metabolism. Vanin-1, a membrane-bound pantetheinase, is involved in various biological processes in mice. However, its role in BAT mitochondrial function is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the impact of Vanin-1 on BAT function and contribution during overnutrition-induced obesity. METHODS Vanin-1 expression was analyzed in different adipose depots in mice. The cellular localization of Vanin-1 was analyzed by confocal microscopy and western blots. Mice lacking Vanin-1 (Vanin-1-/-) were continuously fed either a chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish an obesity model. RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify the molecular changes associated with Vanin-1 deficiency during obesity. BAT-specific Vanin-1 overexpression mice were established to determine the effects of Vanin-1 in vivo. Cysteamine treatment was used to examine the effect of enzymatic reaction products of Vanin-1 on BAT mitochondria function in Vanin-1-/- mice. RESULTS The results indicate that the expression of Vanin-1 is reduced in BAT from both diet-induced and leptin-deficient obese mice. Study on the subcellular location of Vanin-1 shows that it has a mitochondrial localization. Vanin-1 deficiency results in increased adiposity, BAT dysfunction, aberrant mitochondrial structure, and promotes HFD induced-BAT whitening. This is attributed to the impairment of the electron transport chain (ETC) in mitochondria due to Vanin-1 deficiency, resulting in reduced mitochondrial respiration. Overexpression of Vanin-1 significantly enhances energy expenditure and thermogenesis in BAT, renders mice resistant to diet-induced obesity. Furthermore, treatment with cysteamine rescue the mitochondrial dysfunction in Vanin-1-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings suggest that Vanin-1 plays a crucial role in promoting mitochondrial respiration to counteract diet-induced obesity, making it a potential therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- School of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shuyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ainiwaer Aikemu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Modernization Research, Development and Application of Hotan Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine, Hotan 848099, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Hou Z, Ma A, Mao J, Song D, Zhao X. Overview of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of URAT1 inhibitors for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:895-909. [PMID: 37994776 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2287477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperuricemia is a common metabolic disease, which is a risk factor for gouty arthritis and ureteral stones and may also lead to cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease (CDK). Therefore, hyperuricemia should be treated early. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs) and uricosuric agents (UAs), which target uric acid, are two types of medications that are used to treat gout and hyperuricemia. XOIs stop the body from producing excessive uric acid, while UAs eliminate it rapidly via the kidneys. Urate transporter 1 (URAT1) belongs to the organic anion transporter family (OAT) and is specifically localized to the apical membrane of the epithelial cells of proximal tubules. Unlike other organic anion transporter family members, URAT1 identifies and transports organic anions that are primarily responsible for urate transport. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the existing URAT1 inhibitors to serve as a reference for subsequent drug studies. EXPERT OPINION The URAT1 inhibitors that are currently used as clinical drugs mainly include dotinurad, benzbromarone, and probenecid. Results indicate that RDEA3170 may be the most promising inhibitor, in addition to SHR4640, URC-102, and MBX-102, which are in the early stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Hou
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Aijinxiu Ma
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiale Mao
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Danni Song
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Kuwabara M, Fukuuchi T, Aoki Y, Mizuta E, Ouchi M, Kurajoh M, Maruhashi T, Tanaka A, Morikawa N, Nishimiya K, Akashi N, Tanaka Y, Otani N, Morita M, Miyata H, Takada T, Tsutani H, Ogino K, Ichida K, Hisatome I, Abe K. Exploring the Multifaceted Nexus of Uric Acid and Health: A Review of Recent Studies on Diverse Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1519. [PMID: 37892201 PMCID: PMC10604821 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of patients with hyperuricemia or gout is increasing worldwide. Hyperuricemia and gout are primarily attributed to genetic factors, along with lifestyle factors like consuming a purine-rich diet, alcohol and/or fructose intake, and physical activity. While numerous studies have reported various comorbidities linked to hyperuricemia or gout, the range of these associations is extensive. This review article focuses on the relationship between uric acid and thirteen specific domains: transporters, genetic factors, diet, lifestyle, gout, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, hypertension, kidney diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, and malignancies. The present article provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in these areas, compiled by experts from the Young Committee of the Japanese Society of Gout and Uric and Nucleic Acids. The consolidated summary serves to enhance the global comprehension of uric acid-related matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Kuwabara
- Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2-Toranomon, Minato, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fukuuchi
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan;
| | - Yuhei Aoki
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan;
| | - Einosuke Mizuta
- Department of Cardiology, Sanin Rosai Hospital, Yonago 683-8605, Tottori, Japan;
| | - Motoshi Ouchi
- Department of Health Promotion in Nursing and Midwifery, Innovative Nursing for Life Course, Graduate School of Nursing, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8672, Chiba, Japan;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kurajoh
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 5454-8585, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Tatsuya Maruhashi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Hiroshima, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Saga, Japan;
| | - Nagisa Morikawa
- Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Fukuoka, Japan;
- Department of Community Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nishimiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan;
| | - Naoyuki Akashi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-8503, Saitama, Japan;
| | - Yoshihiro Tanaka
- Division of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka 420-0881, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Naoyuki Otani
- Cardiovascular Center, Dokkyo Medical University Nikko Medical Center, Nikko 321-1298, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Mihoko Morita
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Fukui Hospital, Eiheiji 910-1193, Fukui, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Miyata
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (H.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Tappei Takada
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (H.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Hiroshi Tsutani
- National Hospital Organization Awara Hospital, Awara 910-4272, Fukui, Japan;
| | - Kazuhide Ogino
- Department of Cardiology, Japanese Red Cross Tottori Hospital, Tottori 680-8517, Tottori, Japan;
| | - Kimiyoshi Ichida
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan;
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- National Hospital Organization Yonago Medical Center, Yonago 683-0006, Tottori, Japan;
| | - Kohtaro Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Fukuoka, Japan;
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Dong M, An K, Mao L. High levels of uric acid inhibit BAT thermogenic capacity through regulation of AMPK. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E376-E389. [PMID: 37732807 PMCID: PMC10642990 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00092.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is strongly associated with the increasing prevalence of obesity, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Dysfunction of brown adipose tissue (BAT) could lead to obesity. However, studies on the role of HUA on BAT are lacking. Our retrospective clinical analysis showed that serum uric acid (UA) is significantly associated with BAT in humans. To investigate the role of UA in regulating BAT function, we used UA to treat primary brown adipocytes (BACs) in vitro and established HUA mice. In vitro results showed that HUA suppressed thermogenic gene expression and oxygen consumption rate. Accordingly, HUA mice exhibited lower energy expenditure and body temperature, with larger lipid droplets and lower thermogenic gene expression. These results demonstrate that HUA inhibits BAT thermogenic capacity in vitro and in vivo. To further elucidate the mechanism of UA on adipocytes, mRNA-sequencing analysis was performed and screened for "AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway" and "mitochondrial biogenesis." Further tests in vivo and in vitro showed that the phosphorylation of AMPK was suppressed by HUA. Activation of AMPK alleviated the inhibition of AMPK phosphorylation by HUA and increased mitochondrial biogenesis, subsequently restoring the impaired BAT thermogenic capacity in vitro and vivo. Thus, we confirmed that HUA suppresses mitochondrial biogenesis by regulating AMPK, thereby inhibiting BAT thermogenic capacity. Taken together, our study identifies UA as a novel regulator of BAT thermogenic capacity, providing a new strategy to combat obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To investigate the effect and mechanism of UA on BAT thermogenic capacity, we established HUA models in vitro and in vivo, and performed RNA sequencing analysis. Our results revealed that HUA suppresses mitochondrial biogenesis by regulating AMPK, thereby inhibiting BAT thermogenic capacity. Taken together, our study identifies UA as a novel regulator of BAT thermogenic capacity, providing a new strategy to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Kun An
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Li Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
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Shimizu M, Kasai T, Naito R, Sato A, Ishiwata S, Yatsu S, Shitara J, Matsumoto H, Murata A, Kato T, Suda S, Hiki M, Kuwabara M, Murase T, Nakamura T, Daida H. Overnight changes in uric acid, xanthine oxidoreductase and oxidative stress levels and their relationships with sleep-disordered breathing in patients with coronary artery disease. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:2293-2301. [PMID: 37258622 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01331-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Serum uric acid (UA) level is associated with the high cumulative incidence or prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD), and hyperuricemia is considered as an independent risk marker for CAD. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is also associated with an increased risk of CAD. Several studies have shown that SDB is associated with hyperuricemia, but the mechanisms are unclear. We measured serum levels of UA and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity and urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), all of which were assessed at 6 p.m. and the following 6 a.m. in males with CAD. In addition, nocturnal pulse oximetry was performed for the night. Overall 32 eligible patients with CAD were enrolled. Serum UA levels significantly increased overnight. (5.32 ± 0.98 mg/dl to 5.46 ± 1.02 mg/dl, p < 0.001) Moreover, XOR activity and urinary 8-OHdG levels significantly increased from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. Furthermore, 3% Oxygen desaturation index (ODI) was correlated with the overnight changes in XOR activity (r = 0.36, P = 0.047) and urinary 8-OHdG levels (r = 0.41, P = 0.02). In addition, 3%ODI was independently correlated with the changes in XOR activity (correlation coefficient, 0.36; P = 0.047) and 8-OHdG (partial correlation coefficient, 0.63; P = 0.004) in multivariable analyses. SDB severity was associated with the overnight changes in XOR activity and urinary 8-OHdG, suggesting that SDB may be associated with oxidative stress via UA production. This trial is registered at University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN), number: UMIN000021624.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kasai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Sleep and Sleep Disordered Breathing Center, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryo Naito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaki Ishiwata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Yatsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Shitara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Azusa Murata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Suda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Hiki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanari Kuwabara
- Intensive Care Unit and Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Tanaka Y, Nagoshi T, Takahashi H, Oi Y, Yasutake R, Yoshii A, Kimura H, Kashiwagi Y, Tanaka TD, Shimoda M, Yoshimura M. URAT1 is expressed in cardiomyocytes and dotinurad attenuates the development of diet-induced metabolic heart disease. iScience 2023; 26:107730. [PMID: 37694143 PMCID: PMC10483053 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that the selective inhibition of urate transporter-1 (URAT1), which is primarily expressed in the kidneys, ameliorates insulin resistance by attenuating hepatic steatosis and improving brown adipose tissue function in diet-induced obesity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of dotinurad, a URAT1-selective inhibitor, on the hearts of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice for 16-20 weeks and on neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) exposed to palmitic acid. Outside the kidneys, URAT1 was also expressed in cardiomyocytes and indeed worked as a uric acid transporter. Dotinurad substantially attenuated HFD-induced cardiac fibrosis, inflammatory responses, and cardiac dysfunction. Intriguingly, among various factors related to the pathophysiology of diet-induced obesity, palmitic acid significantly increased URAT1 expression in NRCMs and subsequently induced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses via MAPK pathway, all of which were reduced by dotinurad. These results indicate that URAT1 is a potential therapeutic target for metabolic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Tanaka
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Nagoshi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hirotake Takahashi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yuhei Oi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Rei Yasutake
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Akira Yoshii
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Haruka Kimura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kashiwagi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Toshikazu D. Tanaka
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimoda
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Michihiro Yoshimura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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11
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Tanaka A, Taguchi I, Hisauchi I, Yoshida H, Shimabukuro M, Hongo H, Ishikawa T, Kadokami T, Yagi S, Sata M, Node K. Clinical effects of a selective urate reabsorption inhibitor dotinurad in patients with hyperuricemia and treated hypertension: a multicenter, prospective, exploratory study (DIANA). Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:238. [PMID: 37461063 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dotinurad is a newer urate-lowering agent that selectively inhibits urate transporter 1 in the renal proximal tubule and increases urinary urate excretion. Currently, little is known about the clinical efficacies of dotinurad in patients with hyperuricemia and hypertension. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical effects of a selective urate reabsorption inhibitor dotinurad on serum uric acid (SUA) levels and relevant vascular markers in patients with hyperuricemia and treated hypertension. METHODS This investigator-initiated, multicenter, prospective, single-arm, open-label, exploratory clinical trial in Japan enrolled patients with hyperuricemia and treated hypertension who received a 24-week dotinurad therapy (a starting dose at 0.5 mg once daily and up-titrated to 2 mg once daily). The primary endpoint was a percentage change in the SUA level from baseline to week 24. The secondary endpoints were cardiovascular and metabolic measurements, including changes in the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) concentration at week 24. RESULTS Fifty patients (mean age 70.5 ± 11.0 years, with 76.0% being men, and mean SUA level 8.5 ± 1.2 mg/dL) were included in the analysis. The percentage change from baseline in the SUA level at week 24 was - 35.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] - 39.7% to - 32.0%, P < 0.001), with approximately three quarters of patients achieving an SUA level of ≤ 6.0 mg/dL at week 24. The proportional changes from baseline in the geometric mean of CAVI and d-ROMs at week 24 were 0.96 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.00, P = 0.044) and 0.96 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.00, P = 0.044), respectively. CONCLUSION In addition to meaningful SUA-lowering effects, 24 weeks of dotinurad therapy may favorably affect arterial stiffness and oxidative stress markers, suggesting off-target vascular protection of dotinurad. Further research is expected to verify our findings and elucidate the entire off-target effects of dotinurad. Trial registration jRCTs021210013, registration date June 24, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, 5-5-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Isao Taguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Itaru Hisauchi
- Department of Cardiology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hisako Yoshida
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hongo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, 5-5-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Cardiology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kadokami
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukuoka Saiseikai Futsukaichi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Shusuke Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, 5-5-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
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Pal SC, Méndez-Sánchez N. Insulin resistance and adipose tissue interactions as the cornerstone of metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:3999-4008. [PMID: 37476582 PMCID: PMC10354585 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i25.3999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between metabolic derangements and fatty liver development are undeniable, since more than 75% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus present with fatty liver. There is also significant epidemiological association between insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). For little more than 2 years, the nomenclature of fatty liver of non-alcoholic origin has been intended to change to MAFLD by multiple groups. While a myriad of reasons for which MAFLD is thought to be of metabolic origin could be exposed, the bottom line relies on the role of IR as an initiator and perpetuator of this disease. There is a reciprocal role in MAFLD development and IR as well as serum glucose concentrations, where increased circulating glucose and insulin result in increased de novo lipogenesis by sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c induced lipogenic enzyme stimulation; therefore, increased endogenous production of triglycerides. The same effect is achieved through impaired suppression of adipose tissue (AT) lipolysis in insulin-resistant states, increasing fatty acid influx into the liver. The complementary reciprocal situation occurs when liver steatosis alters hepatokine secretion, modifying fatty acid metabolism as well as IR in a variety of tissues, including skeletal muscle, AT, and the liver. The aim of this review is to discuss the importance of IR and AT interactions in metabolic altered states as perhaps the most important factor in MAFLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya C Pal
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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13
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Zhang WZ. Uric acid en route to gout. Adv Clin Chem 2023; 116:209-275. [PMID: 37852720 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Gout and hyperuricemia (HU) have generated immense attention due to increased prevalence. Gout is a multifactorial metabolic and inflammatory disease that occurs when increased uric acid (UA) induce HU resulting in monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition in joints. However, gout pathogenesis does not always involve these events and HU does not always cause a gout flare. Treatment with UA-lowering therapeutics may not prevent or reduce the incidence of gout flare or gout-associated comorbidities. UA exhibits both pro- and anti-inflammation functions in gout pathogenesis. HU and gout share mechanistic and metabolic connections at a systematic level, as shown by studies on associated comorbidities. Recent studies on the interplay between UA, HU, MSU and gout as well as the development of HU and gout in association with metabolic syndromes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular, renal and cerebrovascular diseases are discussed. This review examines current and potential therapeutic regimens and illuminates the journey from disrupted UA to gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zheng Zhang
- VIDRL, The Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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14
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Yu W, Xie D, Yamamoto T, Koyama H, Cheng J. Mechanistic insights of soluble uric acid-induced insulin resistance: Insulin signaling and beyond. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:327-343. [PMID: 36715824 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease caused by purine nucleotide metabolism disorder. The prevalence of hyperuricemia is increasing worldwide, with a growing trend in the younger populations. Although numerous studies have indicated that hyperuricemia may be an independent risk factor for insulin resistance, the causal relationship between the two is controversial. There are few reviews, however, focusing on the relationship between uric acid (UA) and insulin resistance from experimental studies. In this review, we summarized the experimental models related to soluble UA-induced insulin resistance in pancreas and peripheral tissues, including skeletal muscles, adipose tissue, liver, heart/cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells and macrophages. In addition, we summarized the research advances about the key mechanism of UA-induced insulin resistance. Moreover, we attempt to identify novel targets for the treatment of hyperuricemia-related insulin resistance. Lastly, we hope that the present review will encourage further researches to solve the chicken-and-egg dilemma between UA and insulin resistance, and provide strategies for the pathogenesis and treatment of hyperuricemia related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - De Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Health Evaluation Center, Osaka Gyoumeikan Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Koyama
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jidong Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Kashiwagi Y, Nagoshi T, Kimura H, Tanaka Y, Oi Y, Inoue Y, Ogawa K, Kawai M, Yoshimura M. Effects of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor on insulin resistance in patients with heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:1860-1870. [PMID: 36942494 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Although the haemodynamic effects of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) on patients with heart failure have been demonstrated, the effect on glucose metabolism has not been fully elucidated. We retrospectively investigated the effect of ARNI on abnormal glucose metabolism in patients with stable chronic heart failure using an additional structural equation model (SEM) analysis. METHODS We analysed 34 patients who regularly visited to the outpatient department of our institute with heart failure from October 2021 and July 2022 and who were taking angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Seventeen patients switched from ACE inhibitors or ARBs to an ARNI (ARNI group), and the other 17 patients continued treatment with ACE inhibitors or ARBs (control group). RESULTS At baseline, although the ARNI group included fewer patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in comparison with the control group (P = 0.004), patients with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction, and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction were mostly biased towards the ARNI group (although not statistically significant). The baseline insulin resistance in the ARNI group was already significantly higher in comparison with the control group [fasting blood insulin, 9.7 (7.4, 11.6) vs. 7.8 (5.2, 9.2) μU/mL, P = 0.033; homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), 3.10 (1.95, 4.19) vs. 2.02 (1.56, 2.42), P = 0.014]. Three months later, the fasting blood insulin and the HOMA-IR levels were both found to have decreased in comparison with the baseline values [baseline to 3 months: insulin, 9.7 (7.4, 11.6) to 7.3 (4.6, 9.4) μU/mL, P < 0.001; HOMA-IR, 3.10 (1.95, 4.19) to 1.96 (1.23, 3.09), P < 0.001]. An additional SEM analysis demonstrated that the initiation of ARNI had caused a reduction in the fasting blood insulin and the HOMA-IR levels at 3 months independently of the baseline fasting blood insulin and HOMA-IR levels, respectively. Similarly, the initiation of ARNI resulted in a significant reduction in serum uric acid levels (6.28 ± 0.35 to 5.80 ± 0.30 mg/dL, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, even in a short period of only 3 months, the administration of ARNI improved insulin resistance and consequently reduced the serum uric acid levels in patients with stable chronic heart failure. Although the ARNI group already had high insulin resistance at baseline, an additional SEM analysis revealed that the decreased insulin resistance was truly due to the effect of ARNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kashiwagi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Nagoshi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Kimura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Tanaka
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuhei Oi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Inoue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ogawa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Yoshimura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Increased circulating uric acid aggravates heart failure via impaired fatty acid metabolism. J Transl Med 2023; 21:199. [PMID: 36927819 PMCID: PMC10018852 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased circulating uric acid (UA) concentration may disrupt cardiac function in heart failure patients, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. Here, we postulate that hyperuremia induces sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), which in turn activate hepatic fatty acid biosynthesis response, leading to cardiac dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS Increased circulating uric acid was observed in heart failure patients and inversely correlated to cardiac function. Besides, uric acid correlated to circulating lipids profile based on metabolomics in heart failure patients. Using cultured human hepatoellular carcinomas (HepG2) and Tg(myl7:egfp) zebrafish, we demonstrated that UA regulated fatty acid synthase (FASN) via SREBP1 signaling pathway, leading to FFA accumulation and impaired energy metabolism, which could be rescued via SREBP1 knockdown. In ISO treated zebrafish, UA aggravated heart failure via increased cardiovascular cavity size, decreased heart beats, pericardial edema and long-stretched heart deformation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that UA-SREBP1-FASN signaling exacerbates cardiac dysfunction during FFA accumulation. Identification of this mechanism may help in treatment and prevention of heart failure.
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Hong L, Xu Y, Wang D, Zhang Q, Li X, Xie C, Wu J, Zhong C, Fu J, Geng S. Sulforaphane ameliorates bisphenol A-induced hepatic lipid accumulation by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1147. [PMID: 36670177 PMCID: PMC9859828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in bisphenol A (BPA) - induced hepatic lipid accumulation as well as the protective effects of Sulforaphane (SFN) in this process. Human hepatocyte cell line (LO2) and C57/BL6J mice were used to examine BPA-triggered hepatic lipid accumulation and the underlying mechanism. Hepatic lipid accumulation, triglycerides (TGs) levels, the expression levels of lipogenesis-related genes and proteins in the ER stress pathway were measured. It was revealed that BPA treatment increased the number of lipid droplets, the levels of TG and mRNAs expression of lipogenesis-related genes, and activated the ER stress pathway. These changes were inhibited by an ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid. SFN treatment abrogated BPA-altered hepatic lipid metabolism and ameliorated BPA-induced ER stress-related markers. Together, these findings suggested that BPA activated ER stress to promote hepatic lipid accumulation, and that SFN reversed those BPA effects by alleviating ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Hong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yide Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chunfeng Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jieshu Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Jinyan Fu
- Department of Nutrition, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shanshan Geng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Soetikno V, Murwantara A, Jusuf AA, Louisa M. Alpha-mangostin counteracts hyperuricemia and renal dysfunction by inhibiting URAT1 renal transporter in insulin resistance rat model. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Alpha-mangostin (AM) has been shown to have hypoglycemic activity. This study aimed to analyze the effects of AM at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg to alleviate hyperuricemia and renal dysfunction on high-fat/high-glucose diet and low dose streptozotocin (HF/HG/STZ) injection-induced IR rat model. IR was induced in male Wistar rats by giving a HF/HG diet for 11 weeks and single injection of STZ (35 mg/kg, i.p.), then divided randomly into IR rats, IR rats treated with AM 100 and 200 mg/kgBW given by gavage for 8 weeks. At the end of the 11th week, all rats were killed, and the kidneys were taken to be analyzed for urate transporters 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporters 9 (GLUT9). We also assessed serum uric acid, proteinuria, BUN, creatinine clearance, HOMA-IR, and fasting blood glucose (FBG).
Results
We have found the significant increase in HOMA-IR and FBG levels of the IR rats, in comparison with its control groups, which were decreased significantly after AM administration at both doses. URAT1 and GLUT9 mRNA and protein expressions in kidney in the IR + AM at both doses groups also decreased compared those in the IR without treatment group, though the decrease in GLUT9 did not appear to be statistically significant. Consequently, hyperuricemia and renal dysfunction were attenuated by AM treatment at both doses.
Conclusion
After considering all findings, AM might be a potential candidate to ameliorate IR-induced hyperuricemia and renal dysfunction at least in part by modulating the renal URAT1.
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Dai W, Liu X, Su H, Li X, Xu Y, Yu Y. Influence of adipose tissue immune dysfunction on childhood obesity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 65:27-38. [PMID: 35595599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, a dramatic rise has been observed in the prevalence of obesity in childhood and adolescence, along with an increase in fetal microsomia rates. The increased risk of obesity during this key period in development negatively affects the health of the individual later in life. Immune cells residing and recruited to white adipose tissue have been highlighted as important factors contributing to the pathogenesis of childhood obesity. Immune dysfunction in the context of obesity begins early in childhood, which is different from the pathological characteristics and influencing factors of adipose immunity in adults. Here, we explore the current understanding of the roles of childhood and early life events that result in high risks for obesity by influencing adipose tissue immune dysfunction under the pathological condition of obesity. Such knowledge will help in determining the mechanisms of childhood and early life obesity in efforts to ameliorate chronic inflammation-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Dai
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; Innovation Institute, China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiyan Liu
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Han Su
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; Innovation Institute, China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
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Uda J, Ashizawa N, Iwanaga T. An evaluation method for uric acid uptake inhibition using primary human proximal tubule epithelial cells treated with insulin. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 41:724-735. [PMID: 35770496 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2070204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of uricosuric agents have been evaluated in vitro with indices of uric acid uptake into human urate transporter 1 (URAT1)-overexpressed oocytes or cells. In the present study, we evaluated a method using primary human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs). Pretreatment of RPTECs with insulin significantly increased the uptake of uric acid into these cells. The uric acid uptake was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by the URAT1 inhibitors benzbromarone and dotinurad. Therefore, effects of uricosuric agents can be evaluated by the novel method, which is closer to the physiological system compared with previous methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Uda
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Department, Research Institute, FUJIYAKUHIN CO., Ltd, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoki Ashizawa
- Biological Research Department, Research Institute, FUJIYAKUHIN CO., Ltd, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwanaga
- Biological Research Department, Research Institute, FUJIYAKUHIN CO., Ltd, Saitama, Japan
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