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Yamashita A, Park SH, Zeng L, Stiles WR, Ahn S, Bao K, Kim J, Kang H, Choi HS. H-Dot Mediated Nanotherapeutics Mitigate Systemic Toxicity of Platinum-Based Anticancer Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15466. [PMID: 37895146 PMCID: PMC10607179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based anticancer agents have revolutionized oncological treatments globally. However, their therapeutic efficacy is often accompanied by systemic toxicity. Carboplatin, recognized for its relatively lower toxicity profile than cisplatin, still presents off-target toxicities, including dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and myelosuppression. In this study, we demonstrate a delivery strategy of carboplatin to mitigate its off-target toxicity by leveraging the potential of zwitterionic nanocarrier, H-dot. The designed carboplatin/H-dot complex (Car/H-dot) exhibits rapid drug release kinetics and notable accumulation in proximity to tumor sites, indicative of amplified tumor targeting precision. Intriguingly, the Car/H-dot shows remarkable efficacy in eliminating tumors across insulinoma animal models. Encouragingly, concerns linked to carboplatin-induced cardiotoxicity are effectively alleviated by adopting the Car/H-dot nanotherapeutic approach. This pioneering investigation not only underscores the viability of H-dot as an organic nanocarrier for platinum drugs but also emphasizes its pivotal role in ameliorating associated toxicities. Thus, this study heralds a promising advancement in refining the therapeutic landscape of platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yamashita
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.Y.); (S.H.P.); (L.Z.); (W.R.S.); (S.A.); (K.B.); (J.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Seung Hun Park
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.Y.); (S.H.P.); (L.Z.); (W.R.S.); (S.A.); (K.B.); (J.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Lingxue Zeng
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.Y.); (S.H.P.); (L.Z.); (W.R.S.); (S.A.); (K.B.); (J.K.); (H.K.)
- Department of Biomedical & Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Wesley R. Stiles
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.Y.); (S.H.P.); (L.Z.); (W.R.S.); (S.A.); (K.B.); (J.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Sung Ahn
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.Y.); (S.H.P.); (L.Z.); (W.R.S.); (S.A.); (K.B.); (J.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Kai Bao
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.Y.); (S.H.P.); (L.Z.); (W.R.S.); (S.A.); (K.B.); (J.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Jonghan Kim
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.Y.); (S.H.P.); (L.Z.); (W.R.S.); (S.A.); (K.B.); (J.K.); (H.K.)
- Department of Biomedical & Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Homan Kang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.Y.); (S.H.P.); (L.Z.); (W.R.S.); (S.A.); (K.B.); (J.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.Y.); (S.H.P.); (L.Z.); (W.R.S.); (S.A.); (K.B.); (J.K.); (H.K.)
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2
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He Q, Jamalpour M, Bergquist E, Anderson RL, Gustafsson K, Welsh M. Mouse Breast Carcinoma Monocytic/Macrophagic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Infiltration as a Consequence of Endothelial Dysfunction in Shb-Deficient Endothelial Cells Increases Tumor Lung Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111478. [PMID: 34768912 PMCID: PMC8583852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis reflects both the inherent properties of tumor cells and the response of the stroma to the presence of the tumor. Vascular barrier properties, either due to endothelial cell (EC) or pericyte function, play an important role in metastasis in addition to the contribution of the immune system. The Shb gene encodes the Src homology-2 domain protein B that operates downstream of tyrosine kinases in both vascular and immune cells. We have investigated E0771.lmb breast carcinoma metastasis in mice with conditional deletion of the Shb gene using the Cdh5-CreERt2 transgene, resulting in inactivation of the Shb-gene in EC and some hematopoietic cell populations. Lung metastasis from orthotopic tumors, tumor vascular and immune cell characteristics, and immune cell gene expression profiles were determined. We found no increase in vascular leakage that could explain the observed increase in metastasis upon the loss of Shb expression. Instead, Shb deficiency in EC promoted the recruitment of monocytic/macrophagic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mMDSC), an immune cell type that confers a suppressive immune response, thus enhancing lung metastasis. An MDSC-promoting cytokine/chemokine profile was simultaneously observed in tumors grown in mice with EC-specific Shb deficiency, providing an explanation for the expanded mMDSC population. The results demonstrate an intricate interplay between tumor EC and immune cells that pivots between pro-tumoral and anti-tumoral properties, depending on relevant genetic and/or environmental factors operating in the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi He
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (Q.H.); (M.J.); (E.B.)
| | - Maria Jamalpour
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (Q.H.); (M.J.); (E.B.)
| | - Eric Bergquist
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (Q.H.); (M.J.); (E.B.)
| | - Robin L. Anderson
- Translational Breast Cancer Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3083, Australia
| | - Karin Gustafsson
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael Welsh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (Q.H.); (M.J.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-184-714-447
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3
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He Q, Li X, He L, Li Y, Betsholtz C, Welsh M. Pericyte dysfunction due to Shb gene deficiency increases B16F10 melanoma lung metastasis. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:2634-2644. [PMID: 32441314 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intravasation, vascular dissemination and metastasis of malignant tumor cells require their passage through the vascular wall which is commonly composed of pericytes and endothelial cells. We currently decided to investigate the relative contribution of these cell types to B16F10 melanoma metastasis in mice using an experimental model of host Shb gene (Src homology 2 domain-containing protein B) inactivation. Conditional inactivation of Shb in endothelial cells using Cdh5-CreERt2 resulted in decreased tumor growth, reduced vascular leakage, increased hypoxia and no effect on pericyte coverage and lung metastasis. RNAseq of tumor endothelial cells from these mice revealed changes in cellular components such as adherens junctions and focal adhesions by gene ontology analysis that were in line with the observed effects on leakage and junction morphology. Conditional inactivation of Shb in pericytes using Pdgfrb-CreERt2 resulted in decreased pericyte coverage of small tumor vessels with lumen, increased leakage, aberrant platelet-derived growth factor receptor B (PDGFRB) signaling and a higher frequency of lung metastasis without concomitant effects on tumor growth or oxygenation. Flow cytometry failed to reveal immune cell alterations that could explain the metastatic phenotype in this genetic model of Shb deficiency. It is concluded that proper pericyte function plays a significant role in suppressing B16F10 lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi He
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yousheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Welsh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Pietilä I, Van Mourik D, Tamelander A, Kriz V, Claesson-Welsh L, Tengholm A, Welsh M. Temporal Dynamics of VEGFA-Induced VEGFR2/FAK Co-Localization Depend on SHB. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121645. [PMID: 31847469 PMCID: PMC6953046 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is essential for vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA)/VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2)-stimulated angiogenesis and vascular permeability. We have previously noted that presence of the Src homology-2 domain adapter protein B (SHB) is of relevance for VEGFA-stimulated angiogenesis in a FAK-dependent manner. The current study was conducted in order address the temporal dynamics of co-localization between these components in HEK293 and primary lung endothelial cells (EC) by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF). An early (<2.5 min) VEGFA-induced increase in VEGFR2 co-localization with SHB was dependent on tyrosine 1175 in VEGFR2. VEGFA also enhanced SHB co-localization with FAK. FAK co-localization with VEGFR2 was dependent on SHB since it was significantly lower in SHB deficient EC after VEGFA addition. Absence of SHB also resulted in a gradual decline of VEGFR2 co-localization with FAK under basal (prior to VEGFA addition) conditions. A similar basal response was observed with expression of the Y1175F-VEGFR2 mutant in wild type EC. The distribution of focal adhesions in SHB-deficient EC was altered with a primarily perinuclear location. These live cell data implicate SHB as a key component regulating FAK activity in response to VEGFA/VEGFR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkka Pietilä
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (I.P.); (D.V.M.); (A.T.); (A.T.)
- Present address: Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75108 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Djenolan Van Mourik
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (I.P.); (D.V.M.); (A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Andreas Tamelander
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (I.P.); (D.V.M.); (A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Vitezslav Kriz
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75108 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Anders Tengholm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (I.P.); (D.V.M.); (A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Michael Welsh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (I.P.); (D.V.M.); (A.T.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-184-714-447
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5
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Griessinger CM, Schmid AM, Sonanini D, Schörg BF, Jarboui MA, Bukala D, Mucha N, Fehrenbacher B, Steinhilber J, Martella M, Kohlhofer U, Schaller M, Zender L, Rammensee HG, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Röcken M, Kneilling M, Pichler BJ. The administration route of tumor-antigen-specific T-helper cells differentially modulates the tumor microenvironment and senescence. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:289-302. [PMID: 30753335 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment with adoptively transferred tumor-associated antigen-specific CD4+ T-helper cells is a promising immunotherapeutic approach. In the pancreatic cancer model RIP-Tag2, the intraperitoneal (i.p.) application of Tag-specific TH1 cells exhibited a profound antitumoral efficiency. We investigated, whether an intravenous (i.v.) application of Tag-TH1 cells induces an equivalent therapeutic effect. Adoptively transferred fluorescent Tag-TH1 cells revealed a pronounced homing to the tumors after either i.p. or i.v. transfer, and both routes induced an almost equivalent therapeutic effect as demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging, blood glucose level course and histology. The i.v. administration of Tag-TH1 cells induced p16INK4-positive/Ki67-negative tumor senescence more efficiently than i.p. administration. Both routes replenish host CD4+ T cells by transferred T cells and recruitment of B and dendritic cells to the tumors while reducing CD8+ T cells and depleting macrophages. Both administration routes efficiently induced a similar antitumoral efficiency despite the pronounced senescence induction after i.v. administration. Thus, a combinatory i.v./i.p. injection of therapeutic cells might overcome limitations of the individual routes and improve therapeutic efficacy in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph M Griessinger
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Schmid
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Sonanini
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara F Schörg
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Ali Jarboui
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Bukala
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalie Mucha
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Fehrenbacher
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Steinhilber
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Martella
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Kohlhofer
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Physiology I, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology Group, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Department of Immunology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Röcken
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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6
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He Q, Li X, Singh K, Luo Z, Meija-Cordova M, Jamalpour M, Lindahl B, Kriz V, Vuolteenaho R, Ulvmar M, Welsh M. The Cdh5-CreERT2 transgene causes conditional Shb gene deletion in hematopoietic cells with consequences for immune cell responses to tumors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7548. [PMID: 31101877 PMCID: PMC6525206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tamoxifen-responsive conditional Cdh5-CreERT2 is commonly used for endothelial cell specific conditional deletion of loxP-flanked gene sequences. To address the role of endothelial cell Shb gene for B16F10 melanoma immune responses, tamoxifen-injected Cdh5-CreERT2/WT and Cdh5-CreERT2/Shbflox/flox mice received subcutaneous tumor cell injections. We observed a decrease of tumor myeloid cell Shb mRNA in the tamoxifen treated Cdh5-CreERT2/Shbflox/flox mice, which was not present when the mice had undergone a preceding bone marrow transplantation using wild type bone marrow. Differences in CD4+/FoxP3+ Tregs were similarly abolished by a preceding bone marrow transplantation. In ROSA26-mTmG mice, Cdh5-CreERT2 caused detectable floxing in certain bone marrow populations and in spleen cells. Floxing in bone marrow could be detected two months after tamoxifen treatment. In the spleen, however, floxing was undetectable two months after tamoxifen treatment, suggesting that Cdh5-CreERT2 is operating in a non-renewable population of hematopoietic cells in this organ. These data suggest that conditional gene deletion in hematopoietic cells is a potential confounder in experiments attempting to assess the role of endothelial specific effects. A cautious approach to achieve an endothelial-specific phenotype would be to adopt a strategy that includes a preceding bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi He
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kailash Singh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhengkang Luo
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Jamalpour
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Lindahl
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vitezslav Kriz
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Maria Ulvmar
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Welsh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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7
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Li X, Singh K, Luo Z, Mejia-Cordova M, Jamalpour M, Lindahl B, Zhang G, Sandler S, Welsh M. Pro-tumoral immune cell alterations in wild type and Shb-deficient mice in response to 4T1 breast carcinomas. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18720-18733. [PMID: 29721156 PMCID: PMC5922350 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess mechanisms responsible for breast carcinoma metastasis, 4T1 breast carcinomas were grown orthotopically in wild type or Shb knockout mice. Tumor growth, metastasis, vascular characteristics and immune cell properties were analyzed. Absence of Shb did not affect tumor growth although it increased lung metastasis. Shb knockout mouse tumors showed decreased redness and less developed vascular plexa located at the periphery of the tumors. No difference in overall tumor vascular density, leakage or pericyte coverage was noted between the genotypes although the average vessel size was smaller in the knockout. Tumors induced an increase of CD11b+ cells in spleen, lymph node, thymus, bone marrow and blood. Numbers of Shb knockout CD11b/CD8+ cells were decreased in lymph nodes and bone marrow of tumor bearing mice. Mice with tumors had reduced numbers of CD4+ lymphocytes in blood/lymphoid organs, whereas in most of these locations the proportion of CD4+ cells co-expressing FoxP3 was increased, suggesting a relative increase in Treg cells. This finding was reinforced by increased blood interleukin-35 (IL-35) in wild type tumor bearing mice. Shb knockout blood showed in addition an increased proportion of IL-35 expressing Treg cells, supporting the notion that absence of Shb further promotes tumor evasion from immune cell recognition. This could explain the increased number of lung metastases observed under these conditions. In conclusion, 4T1 tumors alter immune cell responses that promote tumor expansion, metastasis and escape from T cell recognition in an Shb dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Li
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden.,Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kailash Singh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden
| | - Zhengkang Luo
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Jamalpour
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden
| | - Björn Lindahl
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden
| | - Ganlin Zhang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden
| | - Stellan Sandler
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden
| | - Michael Welsh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden
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8
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Jamalpour M, Li X, Cavelier L, Gustafsson K, Mostoslavsky G, Höglund M, Welsh M. Tumor SHB gene expression affects disease characteristics in human acute myeloid leukemia. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317720643. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317720643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jamalpour
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lucia Cavelier
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gustavo Mostoslavsky
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Höglund
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Welsh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Yu R. Animal models of spontaneous pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 421:60-7. [PMID: 26261055 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are usually low-grade neoplasms derived from the endocrine pancreas. PNETs can be functioning and cause well-described hormonal hypersecretion syndromes or non-functioning and cause only tumor mass effect. PNETs appear to be more common recently likely due to incidental detection by imaging. Although the diagnosis and management of PNETs have been evolving rapidly, much remains to be studied in the areas of molecular pathogenesis, molecular markers of tumor behavior, early detection, and targeted drug therapy. Unique challenges facing PNETs studies are long disease course, the deep location of pancreas and difficult access to pancreatic tissue, and the variety of tumors, which make animal models valuable tools for PNETs studies. Existing animal models of PNETs have provided insights into the pathogenesis and natural history of human PNETs. Future studies on animal models of PNETs should address early tumor detection, molecular markers of tumor behavior, and novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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10
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Welsh M, Jamalpour M, Zang G, Åkerblom B. The role of the Src Homology-2 domain containing protein B (SHB) in β cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 56:R21-31. [PMID: 26489764 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review will describe the SH2-domain signaling protein Src Homology-2 domain containing protein B (SHB) and its role in various physiological processes relating in particular to glucose homeostasis and β cell function. SHB operates downstream of several tyrosine kinase receptors and assembles signaling complexes in response to receptor activation by interacting with other signaling proteins via its other domains (proline-rich, phosphotyrosine-binding and tyrosine-phosphorylation sites). The subsequent responses are context-dependent. Absence of Shb in mice has been found to exert effects on hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and glucose metabolism. Specifically, first-phase insulin secretion in response to glucose was impaired and this effect was related to altered characteristics of focal adhesion kinase activation modulating signaling through Akt, ERK, β catenin and cAMP. It is believed that SHB plays a role in integrating adaptive responses to various stimuli by simultaneously modulating cellular responses in different cell-types, thus playing a role in maintaining physiological homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Welsh
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala University, PO Box 571, Husargatan 3, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Jamalpour
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala University, PO Box 571, Husargatan 3, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Guangxiang Zang
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala University, PO Box 571, Husargatan 3, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkerblom
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala University, PO Box 571, Husargatan 3, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
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Nikpour M, Gustafsson K, Vågesjö E, Seignez C, Giraud A, Phillipson M, Welsh M. Shb deficiency in endothelium but not in leucocytes is responsible for impaired vascular performance during hindlimb ischaemia. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:200-9. [PMID: 25561022 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Myeloid cells have been suggested to participate in angiogenesis and regulation of vascular function. Shb-deficient mice display both vascular and myeloid cell abnormalities with possible consequences for recovery after hindlimb ischaemia. This study was conducted in order to assess the contribution of Shb deficiency in myeloid cells to impaired vascular function in ischaemia. METHODS Wild type and Shb-deficient mice were subjected to peritoneal vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) followed by intraperitoneal lavage, after which blood and peritoneal cells were stained for myeloid markers. VEGFA-induced leucocyte recruitment to cremaster muscle was investigated using intravital microscopy of both mouse strains. Blood flow after femoral artery ligation was determined on chimeric mice after bone marrow transplantation. RESULTS No differences in neutrophil numbers or cell surface phenotypes were detected. Moreover, neutrophil extravasation in VEGFA-activated cremaster muscle was unaffected by Shb deficiency. However, blood and peritoneal CXCR4+ monocytes/macrophages were reduced in response to intraperitoneal VEGFA but not lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the absence of Shb. Furthermore, the macrophage population in ischaemic muscle was unaffected by Shb deficiency after 2 days but reduced 7 days after injury. The bone marrow transplantation experiments revealed that mice with wild type vasculature showed better blood flow than those with Shb-deficient vasculature irrespective of leucocyte genotype. CONCLUSION The observed aberrations in myeloid cell properties in Shb-deficient mice are likely consequences of an abnormal vascular compartment and are not responsible for reduced muscle blood flow. Structural vascular abnormalities seem to be the primary cause of poor vascular performance under provoked vascular stress in this genetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nikpour
- Department of Medical Cell Biology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - K. Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - E. Vågesjö
- Department of Medical Cell Biology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - C. Seignez
- Department of Medical Cell Biology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - A. Giraud
- Department of Medical Cell Biology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - M. Phillipson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - M. Welsh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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12
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Zang G, Gustafsson K, Jamalpour M, Hong J, Genové G, Welsh M. Vascular dysfunction and increased metastasis of B16F10 melanomas in Shb deficient mice as compared with their wild type counterparts. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:234. [PMID: 25885274 PMCID: PMC4392795 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Shb is a signaling protein downstream of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and Shb deficiency has been found to restrict tumor angiogenesis. The present study was performed in order to assess metastasis in Shb deficiency using B16F10 melanoma cells. Methods B16F10 melanoma cells were inoculated subcutaneously on wild type or Shb +/− mice. Primary tumors were resected and lung metastasis determined after tumor relapse. Lung metastasis was also assessed after bone marrow transplantation of wild type bone marrow to Shb +/− recipients and Shb +/− bone marrow to wild type recipients. Primary tumors were subject to immunofluorescence staining for CD31, VE-cadherin, desmin and CD8, RNA isolation and isolation of vascular fragments for further RNA isolation. RNA was used for real-time RT-PCR and microarray analysis. Results Numbers of lung metastases were increased in Shb +/− or −/− mice and this coincided with reduced pericyte coverage and increased vascular permeability. Gene expression profiling of vascular fragments isolated from primary tumors and total tumor RNA revealed decreased expression of different markers for cytotoxic T cells in tumors grown on Shb +/− mice, suggesting that vascular aberrations caused altered immune responses. Conclusions It is concluded that a unique combinatorial response of increased vascular permeability and reduced recruitment of cytotoxic CD8+ cells occurs as a consequence of Shb deficiency in B16F10 melanomas. These changes may promote tumor cell intravasation and metastasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1269-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxiang Zang
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, Husargatan 3, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Present address: Department of Medical Bioscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Karin Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, Husargatan 3, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria Jamalpour
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, Husargatan 3, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - JongWook Hong
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Guillem Genové
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Michael Welsh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, Husargatan 3, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs), also known as islet cell tumors, are mostly indolent neoplasms that probably arise from a network of endocrine cells that includes islet cells and pluripotent precursors in the pancreatic ductal epithelium. The incidence and prevalence of PNETs continue to rise in recent years because of more sensitive detection. The molecular pathogenesis, early detection, molecular predictors of tumor behavior, and targeted drug therapy of PNETs are not well understood and require additional basic and translational research. The rarity and indolent nature of these tumors, difficulty of access to appropriate patient tissue samples, and varying histopathology and secreted hormones pose particular challenges to PNET researchers. Animal models and cell lines are indispensable tools for investigating the pathogenesis, pathophysiology, mechanisms for tumor invasion and metastasis, and therapeutics of PNETs. This review summarizes currently available animal models and cell lines of PNETs, which have provided valuable insights into the pathogenesis and natural history of human PNETs. In the future, animal models and cell lines of PNETs should also be used to study early tumor detection and molecular predictors of tumor behavior and to test the responses to, and mechanisms for, novel targeted drug therapies.
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Eklund L, Bry M, Alitalo K. Mouse models for studying angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in cancer. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:259-82. [PMID: 23522958 PMCID: PMC5528409 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) is required for the growth of most tumors. The tumor microenvironment also induces lymphangiogenic factors that promote metastatic spread. Anti-angiogenic therapy targets the mechanisms behind the growth of the tumor vasculature. During the past two decades, several strategies targeting blood and lymphatic vessels in tumors have been developed. The blocking of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) signaling has proven effective for inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and growth, and inhibitors of VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 involved in lymphangiogenesis have recently entered clinical trials. However, thus far anti-angiogenic treatments have been less effective in humans than predicted on the basis of pre-clinical tests in mice. Intrinsic and induced resistance against anti-angiogenesis occurs in patients, and thus far the clinical benefit of the treatments has been limited to modest improvements in overall survival in selected tumor types. Our current knowledge of tumor angiogenesis is based mainly on experiments performed in tumor-transplanted mice, and it has become evident that these models are not representative of human cancer. For an improved understanding, angiogenesis research needs models that better recapitulate the multistep tumorigenesis of human cancers, from the initial genetic insults in single cells to malignant progression in a proper tissue environment. To improve anti-angiogenic therapies in cancer patients, it is necessary to identify additional molecular targets important for tumor angiogenesis, and to get mechanistic insight into their interactions for eventual combinatorial targeting. The recent development of techniques for manipulating the mammalian genome in a precise and predictable manner has opened up new possibilities for the generation of more reliable models of human cancer that are essential for the testing of new therapeutic strategies. In addition, new imaging modalities that permit visualization of the entire mouse tumor vasculature down to the resolution of single capillaries have been developed in pre-clinical models and will likely benefit clinical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Eklund
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, P.O.B. 5000, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
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Abstract
In this review we summarize the current understanding of signal transduction downstream of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and its receptor VEGFR2, and the relationship between these signal transduction pathways and the hallmark responses of VEGFA, angiogenesis and vascular permeability. These physiological responses involve a number of effectors, including extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), Src, phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Rho family GTPases, endothelial NO and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Several of these factors are involved in the regulation of both angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Tumour angiogenesis primarily relies on VEGFA-driven responses, which to a large extent result in a dysfunctional vasculature. The reason for this remains unclear, although it appears that certain aspects of the VEGFA-stimulated angiogenic milieu (high level of microvascular density and permeability) promote tumour expansion. The high degree of redundancy and complexity of VEGFA-driven tumour angiogenesis may explain why tumours commonly develop resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy targeting VEGFA signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Claesson-Welsh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Aberrant association between vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and VE-cadherin in response to vascular endothelial growth factor-a in Shb-deficient lung endothelial cells. Cell Signal 2013; 25:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Heterogeneity among RIP-Tag2 insulinomas allows vascular endothelial growth factor-A independent tumor expansion as revealed by studies in Shb mutant mice: implications for tumor angiogenesis. Mol Oncol 2012; 6:333-46. [PMID: 22336752 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Shb adapter protein is a signaling intermediate that operates downstream of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) in endothelial cells. The Shb knockout mouse displays a dysfunctional microvasculature and impaired growth of subcutaneously implanted tumor cells. We decided to investigate tumor growth and angiogenesis in the absence of Shb in an inheritable tumor model, the RIP-Tag2 mouse, which produces insulinomas in a manner highly dependent on de novo angiogenesis. We observed a reduced tumor incidence and burden in both RIP-Tag2 Shb-/- and RIP-Tag2 Shb+/- mice. This correlated with a reduced microvascular density, measured as a percentage of insulinoma area positive for CD31 staining, and altered vascular morphology. However, treatment with a VEGF-A blocking antibody was without effect on the Shb mutant tumor volume whereas it significantly inhibited tumor volume in the wild-type mice, suggesting that in mice with reduced Shb expression tumor angiogenesis was primarily sustained by VEGF-A independent pathway(s). This notion was further substantiated by gene expression analysis of angiogenic markers showing reduced VEGF-A expression in Shb-deficient tumors. Considerable heterogeneity with respect to the gene expression profiles of other angiogenic markers and the signal-transduction characteristics was observed between different tumors, suggesting that multiple "rescue" pathways could be operating. The numbers of invasive tumors or metastases were unchanged in the Shb mutant. It is concluded that the Shb mutant background reduces tumor frequency by chronically suppressing VEGF-A dependent angiogenesis. However, VEGF-A independent angiogenesis supports a significant degree of tumor expansion in Shb-deficient mice, indicating heterogeneity in the mechanisms by which tumor expansion is promoted. Interference with Shb signaling may provide novel means for future cancer therapy.
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